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Bogdan Konstantynowicz, the Independent Poland Encyclopedia.
The French invasion of Malta -
then ruled by the Order of St. John and the Grand-Master Hompesch who was pro-Austrian - by the French First Republic led by Napoleon in June 1798,
was the revenge of France and Napoleon at the Maltese Order; it was obvious. And Russia's help to the Maltese Order was clear and obvious.
The invasion ended the 268-year-long Hospitaller rule in Malta.
The Grand Master and many of 332 knights left the island,
and the Tsar Paul I offered final assistance to the Order, raising money from Polish 'Commanderies' and founded the Grand Priory of Russia (1797).
Paul I of Russia was proclaimed Grand Master by some knights. The Order evolved into the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
In 1800 Malta Protectorate was under British protection. Then the island was a British Crown colony in 1813.
"... In 1798, following Napoleon's taking of Malta, the Order was dispersed, but with a large number of refugee
Knights sheltering in St Petersburg, where they elected the Russian Emperor, Paul I as their Grand Master, replacing
Ferdinand Hompesch then held in disgrace. Hompesch abdicated in 1799 ... Paul I was the leader of the Russian
Orthodox Church, and the ladership of the Roman Catholic order. ...
There is disagreement about what happened next. Following Imperial Decrees of Alexander I of Russia in 1810-1811,
the properties of Russian Grand Priory of Russia was nationalized ...
Nevertheless, the Tsars have exceptionally authorised the eldest sons of the descendants of hereditary commanders
to wear the decorations. ...
One can also find the name of Demidoff, in his quality as hereditary commander in the Almanach de Gotha ...
In the Division of Petitions of His Imperial Majesty's Chancery, for 1912, ... permission is given to Count Alexander
Vladimirovitch Armfeldt to wear the insignia of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, with the transfer of that right, after
his death, to his son. ...
Portraits of Russian nobility wearing insignias of the Order of St John can be found throughout the 19th Century ...
Count Vassiliev, a 19th-century Knight Commander, and Minister of Finance under Alexander I of Russia...".
Explanation to above VASSILIEV / VASILIEV:
The life of Josephine / Josephine Friedrichs, born Mercier was full of romance adventures for the first time when
she was 14 years old!
She was born in 1778 or ca 1780 in Paris in the family of artisan Mercier.
Very young Josephine entered the service in the fashionable Parisian store of Madame Boudet de Terre / Mrs. Budde
de Terre. "Juju", as everyone called her, at the age of 14 she gone to England.
After spending four years in one of the London boarding houses, the next two years, Josephine lived with her patron,
who then suddenly died without a will, and not marrying her.
Josephine, in 1798, met in London a German [married him ca 1803] who came from Russia, who was called Colonel
Baron Alexander von Friedrichs, a wealthy landowner from the Baltic region;
in fact - Eustache Ivanovich Friederichs (about 1772 - after 1834), the son of Revel's bourgeois.
Her husband back to Russia, leaving his wife temporarily in London. Josephine decided to go to Russia in 1805 to St.
Petersburg. Here she learned that Friedrichs was a simple courier who had recently traveled to England with the
dispatches of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs!
She was welcomed by an old acquaintance, Mrs. Budde de Terre, who now lived in Petersburg and had a fashion
store! She went to her shop in the manager's office.
Soon Alexander Friedrichs returned from the Caucasus and persuaded Josephine to return to him.
After living with him for two years in poverty [1806-1807], in a rented small apartment, she decided to divorce him.
Josephine met Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich [1807].
Josephine found a lover, friend and patron: in 1807, she divorced her husband and settled in the Konstantinovsky
Palace in Strelna, and in 1808 she had a son named Pavel Konstantinovich Alexandrov.
Interesting details left in the memories of the famous Denis Davydov. Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (b. 1784, Moscow)
is a Russian poet.
Konstantin Pavlovich missed them and in 1813 he wrote to Count Vasilyev. Count Vladimir Fedorovich Vasilyev
(1782 - 1839, Moscow) - nephew of the Minister of Finance Alexei Ivanovich Vasiliev [the MALTA ORDER !], the
son-in-law of Ivan Kutaisov, in 1820-23, the Tula governor.
Ulyana (Josephine) Mikhailovna Aleksandrova, nee Mercier, m. Friderichs, in the second - Weiss (1788 - 1824).
According to the memoirs, Josephine was charming.
Note 1:
The first genealogy of Arseny:
Count Pavel Pavlovich Demidov / Demidoff, 2nd Prince San Donato, 1839-1885, owned approximately 100 factories
in Russian and 1 million squares kilometers of land in Russia, France and in Italy. He move to Villa Pratolino, named
as Villa Demidoff, and m. 2nd time to Helena or Elena Petrovna, Princess Troubetzekaya, Countess Demidova,
Princess San Donato, b. St. Peterburg in 1853, d. Odessa in 1917;
Aurora Pavlovna Demidova, Countess Demidova, Princess San Donato, Princess of
Serbia, and later Countess Noghera, born in San Donato in 1873 or 1874, d. Marseille, in 1943 (? - Aurora Pavlovna,
nee Princess Demidov San Donato b. 1873, Kiev; d. 1904, Turin), eldest daughter of the second marriage of the above
Prince Pavel Pavlovich Demidov;
Aurora m. first to Arsene Karageorgievich, Prince of Serbia, 1859-1938, son of
Alexandar Karageorgievich, Prince of Serbia, 1806-1885 and Persida Nenadovic, 1813-1873.
General of the Russian army; Comander-General of the Yugoslavian army. He was
brother of Peter I, King of Serbians, Croats and Slovens, later King of Yugoslavia, 1844-1921. Prince Arsene divorced
in 1896. Paul Karadordevic, Prince of Yugoslavia, b. 1893, was educated at the University of Oxford.
The second genealogy of Arseny:
A wife 1891/2 - 1896 of above Arseny Aleksandrovich Karageorgievich / Arseny prince Karageorgievich:
Aurora Pavlovna Demidova di San Donato, b. 15 November 1873, Kiev;
her mother Helena Petrovna nee Troubetzkoy, b. 1853 and married to Pavel Pavlovich
Demidov;
her grandfather Peter Nikitich Troubetzkoy born 1826,
her great-grandfather Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804;
her great - great-grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy b. 1760 died 1817;
her great-great - great-grandfather Sergei Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1731 died 1812.
Above mentioned Prince Alexander Karadjordjevic / Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1806 - 1885), Prince of Serbia in
1842 - 1858. After his father's death in 1817, he was living in Russia and served to the Russian army to 1840. He left
two sons: Peter I of Yugoslavia (1844-1921), 1903 the king of Serbia, 1918 the King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes;
and above named Arseny (1859 - 1938); his son, Prince Paul was a regent of Yugoslavia in 1934 - 1941.
Note 2:
Alexander Vladimirovitch Armfeldt
-
he had the two sons - Kiril and Vladimir.
Alexander Vladimirovich Durasoff b. 1886,
was the husband of Xenia Armfelt.
Above
Xenia Armfelt
b. 1889 was the daughter of Alexander Armfelt and Sofie von Morder.
Named
Alexander Armfelt b. 1862 and died in 1941 in Menton, France - see KONSTANTYNOWICZ !
Son of Mauritz Wladimir Armfelt and Alexandrine BILDERLING.
Mentioned
Mauritz Wladimir Armfelt
b. 1827 in Helsinki, Finland.
Son of Alexander Armfelt and Sigrid OXENSTIERNA.
Named above
Alexander Armfelt b. 1794 in Riga, Latvia.
Son of Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt and Hedvig DE LA GARDIE.
Note 3:
Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron / Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem b. 1761 at Mezotne, now Latvia, d. 1821,
became Duchess of Courland;
had daughters, Wilhelmine and Pauline.
In 1779, eighteen-year-old Dorothea became the third wife of the 55-year-old, childless Duke Peter von Biron, son of
the famous Ernst Johann von Biron.
The couple had six children;
Dorothea, was probably illegitimate, although recognized by the Duke.
Dorothea von Biron, Princess of Courland, Duchess of Dino, Talleyrand and Sagan / Dorothee de Courlande /
Dorothe de Dino, b. 1793, d. 1862; lived into the highest social circles.
Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem b. 1761 at Mezotne, now Latvia, d. 1821,
"(by Wikipedia) because her husband was preoccupied with political difficulties at
home involving his overlord the King of Poland and the Courland nobility, he frequently sent her on diplomatic
missions to Warsaw, lasting months at a time, and to Berlin, Karlovy Vary, and Saint Petersburg for shorter periods.
During these long absences Dorothea became alienated from her husband and had numerous love affairs with other
men, including Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Talleyrand, and the Polish nobleman Alexander Batowski, who fathered her
fourth daughter, born in 1793..."
named Dorothea.
"...(by Wikipedia also) Upon her youngest daughter Dorothea's marriage to
Talleyrand's nephew, Edmond de Talleyrand-Perigord, in 1809, the duchess moved to Paris, having an intense
relationship with Talleyrand and influenced him to turn against Napoleon. In 1814 she traveled to the Congress of
Vienna to confront him about his alleged love affair with her daughter Dorothea".
At http://www.conspiracyschool.com/round-table by David Livingstone, born in Montreal in 1966:
"...The plot of the Illuminati is directed from London ... According to researcher Dr. John Coleman, who
interviewed a Grand Master at Oxford, the Knights of the Garter are the inner-sanctum, the elite of the elite of Her
Majesty's Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem
[in 1823, the Council of the French Langues, faction of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St John of
Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, sought to raise through private money to restore a territorial base for the Order
of Malta, but the attempt was failed when details leaked to the press. Then the Marquis de Sainte-Croix du Molay
became its head. In 1826, Philippe de Castellane, a French Knight of Malta, negotiated in Britain with Scotsman,
Donald Currie; De Castellane and Currie were then allowed by the French Council to form the Council of the
English Langue in 1831, with a headquartered at St John's Gate {the Old Jerusalem Tavern}, in Clerkenwell
{see Edward Brown, Gudak and Breguet
(in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown; he
collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel, and he met Alexander
Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market. He had one son Antoine
b. 1851 and he was grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer - see Duflon
& Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg and Moscow - more at http://konstantynowicz.info/Deka_Company_1904_-
_1918_St_Petersburg/index.html - and a line to Miezonka and Wola Pszczolecka)
and also Lenin and Trocki
(Krzyzanowski and the Templars in Volhynia and Kiev - a line to the Posen province and Mielzynski - see Angela
Merkel and Hanna Suchocka, and also to Cracow and Paszkowski - a line to Armand in Moscow and Anna
Konstantynowicz - see Lenin and 'Iskra' - a line to Dzierzynski, Pilsudski, Pilar Pilchau - see 1939 in the Soviet
Union):
at 30 Holford Square / Holford Gardens [1800 meters north-west of Clerkenwell Green], Lenin's first London
address in April 1902 to 1903 and the offices of Iskra were at 37a Clerkenwell Green - 250 meters north-west of the
Old Jerusalem Tavern! At present the Marx Memorial Library is situated ca 200 meters West of the Priory Church
of the Order of St John}.
The Order of St. John, formally the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem known as St
John International, is a royal order of chivalry first constituted in 1888 by royal charter from Queen Victoria a
faction of the Order of Malta that emerged in France in the 1820s].
The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy ...
[Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria b. 1819 was daughter of
Edward, Duke of Kent
(son of George III {his father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha} + Charlotte of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1744 - 1818 {her father Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow, and
mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen})
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1786 - 1861
(1803 at Coburg, she married 1st to Charles, Prince of Leiningen; 2nd to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and
Strathearn, in 1818 at Amorbach. Victoria's father was Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and mother Countess
Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf daughter of Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schonberg)]
... [mentioned above] Charlotte was the grandmother of Queen Victoria, and whose son married the daughter of
Frederick III of Hessen-Kassell.
Charlotte's brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whose daughter married the heir of the
Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick-
Wolfenbuettel. She was the sister of Frederick Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar
Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the
Garter.
Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I.
Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded
Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
A third child of Frederick, Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia, married Maria's Romanov other daughter, Marie
Luisa Alexandrina von Saxe-Weimar.
The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia, fathered Olga
Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece. George was a member of the Order of the Garter,
as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark. ...
Christian IX was, in the last years of his life, named Europe's 'father-in-law'. ... Christian's daughter, Maria
Fyodorovna married Csar Nicholas III, father of Nicholas II who was killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Princess
Alexandra married Queen Victoria's son, King Edward VII, the Grand Master of Freemasonry. ...".
The Order of the Garter - The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry;
several supernumerary members, known as 'Royal Knights and Ladies of the Garter', belong to the royal family.
These titles were introduced in 1786 by King George III; with the installation of Emperor Alexander I of Russia in
1813, supernumerary membership was extended to foreign monarchs, who are known as 'Stranger Knights and
Ladies of the Garter'.
The forerunners of the Freemasons - the Knights Templar - founded the concept of banking.
According to former British intelligence agent John Coleman's book, 'The Committee of 300':
the Rothschilds exert political control through the secretive Business Roundtable, which they created in 1909 with
the help of Lord Alfred Milner and South African industrialist Cecil Rhodes.
It was the plan known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers,
and within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was Rhodes with Stead,
Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner who was added to the society by Stead.
Rhodes had been planning this event for more than seventeen years (before 1872).
See: the letter of Pike to Mazzini in 1871, and Edward Brown - Breguet Company in 1870.
Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. In
modified form, it exists to this day. From 1891 to 1902, it was known to only a score of persons. Sir Edward Grey
was a member of the Fabian Co-Efficients, who also belonged to the inner circle of the Rhodes' Round Table groups
that were under the direction of Alfred Milner;
others members:
Haldane, L. S. Amery, Lord Robert Cecil, Lord Arthur Balfour, Michael Sadler and Lord Milner himself were
among the Fabian Coefficients.
Coefficients included:
Bertrand Russell, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Leo Maxse (who advocated war with Germany already
in 1902), Clinton Dawkins of the City, Carlyon Bellairs of the Navy, Pember Reeves, W. A. S. Hewins, H. J.
Mackinder, Henry Newbolt, John Hugh Smith, J. Birchenough of the City, Garvin, Josiah Wedgwood, John Hugh
Smith, Colonel Repington, F. S. Oliver, and C. F. G. Masterman.
David Laurence Aaron born 1938, in Chicago, is an American diplomat who served in the Jimmy Carter
administration. He then joined the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency where he served as a member of the
U.S. Delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. In 1974, on the recommendation of Zbigniew Brzezinski,
Aaron became Senator Walter Mondale's legislative assistant. In 1977, Aaron was asked by Zbigniew Brzezinski to
become Deputy National Security Advisor in the administration of Jimmy Carter. In Israel, Aaron worked with
Moshe Dayan.
When Reagan became President in 1981, Aaron moved into the private sector, becoming Vice President for
Mergers and Acquisitions at Oppenheimer and Co. and Vice Chairman of Oppenheimer International.
Aaron was involved in the election campaign of Bill Clinton.
We back again to Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel and to George II King of England:
The Grand Master of the Asiatic Brethren, and leading member of the Illuminati, was Prince Karl, the brother of
Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel.
Both were the sons of Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel, from his wife, Mary of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain,
daughter of George II King of England, and therefore cousin to Frederick II the Great of Prussia.
"Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes it's laws" -
Mayer Amschel Bauer Rothschild.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Anschel (b. 1743 or in 1744), was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the
Rothschild banking dynasty.
Salomon Mayer - was the son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Mosche Meir, b. 1743 or 1744 in Frankfurt am
Main, d. 1812 in Frankfurt am Main; Mayer Amschel Bauer, an Ashkenazi Jew, the son of Moses Amschel Bauer, a
proprietor of a counting house.
In 1770, "Mayer Amschel Rothschild draws up plans for the creation of the Illuminati and entrusts ... Adam
Weishaupt, ... with its organization and development...".
Mayer Amschel Rothschild marries Gutle Schnaper.
In 1773, was born Amschel Mayer Rothschild, the first of Mayer Amschel Rothschild's sons.
"...He like all his brothers who follow him, will enter the family business at the age of 12".
In 1774, [mentioned above] Salomon Mayer Rothschild was born.
In 1776, "Adam Weishaupt officially completes his organisation of the Illuminati on May 1 of this year. The
purpose of the Illuminati is to ... fight amongst themselves; destroy national governments; destroy religious
institutions... Weishaupt soon infiltrates the Continental Order of Freemasons with this Illuminati doctrine and
establishes lodges of the Grand Orient to be their secret headquarters..."
"... It is Rothschild who said, 'give me control of a nation's money, and I care not who makes [writes] the
laws."
"... On the other hand we have Alexander Hamilton [born in 1757 in Charlestown, Nevis, British West Indies;
died in 1804 at the William Bayard's Home]; who some believe was a Rothschild agent.
Hamilton's mother [RACHEL born in 1729] was first married to Johann Michael Lavien [born ?] (a German
Jewish merchant), from whom she separated in 1750; five years [or 7 years ?] before Hamilton's birth [he was
born in 1757]. Because of this separation, she could not legally marry again with Hamilton's father, James A.
[James Alexander Hamilton b. in 1718], therefore Hamilton was no allowed in the local Christian school. Instead,
he had individual tutoring and classes in a private Jewish school. He became the first United States Secretary of the
Treasury, Founding Father, economist, political philosopher, and chief of staff for George Washington. He was also
the most influential members of Washington's Cabinet, and his financial expert. Hamilton was an advocated for the
establishment of a federal bank to be owned by private interests, and for the creation of debt-money; for which he
used false arguments to convince Washington. Eventually he convinced the President - despite the opposition of
Thomas Jefferson (by then Secretary of State) - and a federal bank was created in 1791 with a 20 years charter.
Although it was termed 'Bank of the United States', it was not owned by the nation (but by individual stockholders
- private bankers). The name was purposely chosen to deceive the American population and to make them believe
that they were the owners of the bank. The charter for the Bank ran out in 1811, and Congress voted against its
renewal, thanks to the influence of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson...".
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette,
military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
A close friend of George Washington,
mentioned Alexander Hamilton, and
named above Thomas Jefferson.
Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Lafayette returned to France, and
in 1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables, which was convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was
elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789. He helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
the Citizen, with Thomas Jefferson's assistance; inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence.
"... My conclusion on the connection between the Rothschilds and the American Revolution: it did exist through
Alexander Hamilton (who could only push the agenda for the first 20 years of independence), and also quite
possibly through Solomon and Franklin; though it made no difference at the end.
It is true that the American Freemasons shared the same ideology that emerged from Jewish intellectuals in
Germany and spread throughout secret societies;
but I'm having a hard time relating the founding fathers directly to the Rothschilds, with the exception of Franklin,
who obviously had his hands in far too many pies to count as a confirmed agent for any side...".
Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton has also become a favorite for conspiracy theorists who think
he was a tool for the New World Order, the Illuminati, and / or the Rothschild family, because of his support for a
National Bank.
Hamilton, along with Benjamin Franklin, is one of the very few non-presidents to be portrayed on American money.
Alexander Hamilton married into the Rothschild family December 14, 1780.
Alexander Hamilton was born Alexander Levine, of Jewish lineage, in St. Croix, the West Indies. After changing
his name ... he married Elizabeth Schuyler
[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton - her mother was Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler; Catherine's paternal
great-grandfather was Hendrick van Rensselaer and her 2 x great-grandfather was Killian Van Rensselaer, one of
the original founders of the Dutch colony, New Amsterdam. Her maternal grandparents were Robert Livingston the
Younger (1663-1725) and Margarita Schuyler (b. 1682), the daughter of Pieter Schuyler (1657-1724), the first
mayor of Albany]
...
John Paul Mitchell insist that Hamilton married into the Rothschild family.
Here's what we actually know about Hamilton's in-laws:
the father, Philip Schuyler, was a General during the Revolutionary War, while the mother Catherine instituted a
scorched earth policy to deprive the British of food.
Philip John Schuyler was a general of the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. Come
from the third generation of the Dutch family in America. His daughter Elizabeth married Alexander Hamilton who
was the first Secretary of the Treasury to the United States under George Washington.
Rondinone said many of the Founding Fathers were conspiracy theorists. 'George Washington had references to
The Illuminati in his writings', he said. 'And Thomas Jefferson wrote that King George III was systematically
trying to enslave the American colonists. The Founders' talk about conspiracy theories actually helped muster
support for the American Revolution.'
He said theories have abounded throughout American history. 'In the case of the assassination of Abraham
Lincoln, there actually is strong evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the government,' Rondinone said.
Now on Thomas Dunckerley:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by
an annuity of L100, rising to L800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his
illegitimate half brother - the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with
the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
The first body of Knights Templar in Ireland was "The High Knight Templars of Ireland, Kilwinning Lodge" with
Archibald, the 11th Earl of Eglinton, the Grand Master of Lodge Mother Kilwinning in 1779 in Dublin.
In 1736, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was organised and the Kilwinning lodge was one of its constituent lodges;
this one acted as a grand lodge, organising lodges in Scotland and on the continent, as well as in Virginia and
Ireland.
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton b. 1726 - died in 1796, was Grand Master of the Masonic Lodge of
Mother Kilwinning, from 1771 until 1796.
"Lodge Mother Kilwinning is a Masonic Lodge in Kilwinning, Scotland, under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of
Scotland. ... is reputed to be the oldest Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world".
Above Montgomerie was elected as one of sixteen Scottish representative peers, in 1776; was appointed Governor
of Edinburgh Castle, in 1782. Montgomerie died at Eglinton Castle, a mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire,
Scotland. Ca 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges,
and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836 [in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then
became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh"].
The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780.
In 1791 - the formation of TEMPLAR's first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master.
In 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus],
became TEMPLAR Grand Master himself.
The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High
Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of
Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St.
John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna].
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of
England, and in December 1813 - named Prince Edward [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward
Augustus] became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died
in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!
Baron von Estorff advised the Landgrave that Mayer Amschel showed an exceptional ability to increase
wealth through his investments. Mayer Amschel arranged to hire 16800 Hessian soldiers to assist the nephew of
Federick's wife, King George III of England, in suppressing the American Rebellion. When Frederick II of
Hessen-Kassel died in 1785, Rothschild obtained total influence over his successor, Karl's brother Elector Wilhelm
IX, who he managed to make one of the wealthiest monarchs of his time.
In 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the Hessen-Kassel court:
[but Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785]
for Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel
(Prince WILHELM IX / William IX was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to
George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden).
Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim married Louise Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim
(born of Denmark-Oldenburg). They had a son
Friedrich Wilhem II von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim born 1820.
Friedrich married Alexandra Nicholaievna von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (born of Russia-Holstein-Gottorp-
Romanov).
Alexandra was born on June 12, 1825.
Mentioned above
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825 - 1844) was the youngest daughter
of Tsar Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia. She was a younger sister of
Tsar Alexander II of Russia.
Above
Alexandra Feodorovna, born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798 - 1860), was Empress consort of Russia. She
was the wife of Emperor Nicholas I, and mother of Emperor Alexander II.
Charlotte was born the eldest surviving daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia, and Louise of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
In 1814, her marriage was arranged for political reason with Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia, the
future Tsar Nicholas I.
Mentioned
Frederick William III / Friedrich Wilhelm III (1770 - 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840.
His parents:
Frederick William II of Prussia + Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Above named
Frederick William II / Friedrich Wilhelm II, b. 1744, was King of Prussia from 1786.
His father Prince Augustus William of Prussia, August Wilhelm, b. 1722,
was Prince of Prussia and
a younger brother of Frederick II.
Augustus was the second surviving son of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea.
Above
Frederick II / Friedrich; b. 1712, was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.