The Second Partition of Poland, 23 January 1793, as the German Illuminati Conspiracy: Adam Weishaupt; Count Alessandro di Cagliostro; Catherine the Great, born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia. The 2nd version.

Important explanation to the Secret Network - from ILLUMINATI of Tadeusz Grabianka to GLOBALISTS of Zbigniew Brzezinski:

At 'wikiveilleurs.net/doku.php' and according to Alfred Weysen in his book 'L'Ile de Veilleurs' (1972), we read on a Masonic link between the Grabianka and Marcolla families:
"... Grabianka finds himself in London, then in Russia where his grandson will be Marcola's freemason brother, the grandfather of Georges Marcola ... [...] Under the account of Ostap Grabianka, he was seen returning from London in St. Petersburg in 1809. ... the message of the Treasury Templar Castle Val de Croix. In the second edition of the book (1990), Alfred Weysen introduces a slight variation on the nature of the link between the grandson of Tadeusz Grabianka and Georges Marcolla's grandfather ... Georges Marcola died in 1984".

By K. E. Sjoden in 1995:
"... Pernety indicates an important date in his role in the history of Swedenborgianism: September 29, 1779. ... The group came to be universally known as the Illuminati in Avignon. Who were the first members of this group? ...
Count Thadee Lessige GRABIENSKA [Tadeusz Grabianka], Nobleman of Liva, known in Holland under the name of Janiewske [Janiewski]; in England under the name of Soudkowski [Sudkowski]; in France and some parts of Germany under the name of Ostap; in Hamburg and Altona under the name of Slonskimp.
... This letter of October 20, 1781 constitutes a veritable gold mine for those who take an interest in Pernety and his activities. I became aware of it thanks to a copy translated into Swedish located in the Royal Library in Stockholm... A letter from Grabianka to the Dutch editor Pierre F. Gosse of February 24, 1787, published in ... Hague, 1884...
Included among them were his wife, his mother-in-law, Countess Stadnisca [Stadnicka], his daughter Annette Grabianka [Aneta Grabianka], his sister and brother-in-law, Count and Countess Jean Tarnowski [Jan Tarnowski], as well as Mademoiselle Bruchier from Strasbourg, who was his daughter Annette's tutor and also the ... medium.
... But it was Louis-Joseph-Bernard-Philibert de Morveau, known as 'Brumore', initiated prior to Grabianka, who was even more influential.
Brumore served as librarian to the King's brother, Henri [Henry], at his Castle of Reinsberg, near Berlin. Henri had hired a troop of French actors, one of whom, Bauld de Sens, was also a member of the secret Society. It is known that he entrusted Pernety and Brumore with two rare documents dealing with alchemy ...
I have found some mention of the Prince in the register of the members of the Illuminati in Avignon...".

Anna Grabianka, ie. Anna Grabianka Raciborowska was the daughter of Tadeusz Grabianka - both they were the ILLUMINATI.
Anna's new aspirant, promoted by Piotr Stadnicki {Piotr Kajetan Stadnicki died in 1791, the Lieutenant of the 5 Brigade, the son of Franciszek Ksawery STADNICKI}, namely Leon Raciborowski of BRZEZANY [or Ludwik Raciborowski ?], was later her husband. Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki d. 1775, had a siblings:
Aleksander Stadnicki of Kiev;
Stanislaw Stadnicki, the Kamieniec Podolski official; the Latyczow clark, acted in Podolia !;
Mikolaj Maciej Stadnicki, the governor of Kamieniec Podolski.

Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki d. 1775, married Jadwiga Kumanowska, with 7 children:
Piotr Stadnicki, the ILLUMINATI in Berlin;
Jan Tomasz Stadnicki, the Latyczow official;
Ignacy Stadnicki, the Latyczow official.
Anna Grabianka, born 1772, was the first child, as NANETA = ZANETA Grabianka = Anna GRABIANKA. She had 2 brothers.
In 1781 her father - TADEUSZ GRABIANKA - moved to Europe from Rajkowice / Rajkowce. So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The first step was made by Jozef Sulkowski, then Adam Mickiewicz, and Israel Parvus from Berezina. The continuators of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Sulkowski and Jozef Pilsudski.
Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826, the daughter of Stanislaw Stadnicki and Martyna = Marta Lanckoronski, was the wife of named Tadeusz Grabianka. They owned Sutkowice, Ostapkowice and Rajkowice at Podole / Podolia.

Named Stanislaw Stadnicki was the son of Jan Stadnicki and Katarzyna Peplowska - Stadnicka.

Stanislaw Stadnicki was the brother of Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki.

Above JAN Stadnicki died in 1740, the son of Mikolaj Franciszek Stadnicki [b. ca 1660 ?].
Above MIKOLAJ: died in 1714, the son of Franciszek Stadnicki [b. ca 1620/1640 ?].

According to Jangast, in his book 'The Enigma of the Cross Valley, Templar Treasury', Jangast affirms its part a genealogical link between the families Grabianka and Marcolla:
"Tadeusz Grabianka returned home in 1793/1794, and he is very angry with the revolutionaries, but he saved his head... He is going to marry his daughter Annette, born in Avignon and who is already twenty, with the son of a neighbor, a great landowner, bearing the name of Gregoire [she was married to Leon Raciborowski or Ludwik Raciborowski]".

From his marriage to Teresa Stadnicka, daughter of the Stanislaw Stadnicki and Marta Lanckoronska [Martyna Lanckoronska Stadnicka], Tadeusz Grabianka had three children:
Anna Grabianka RACIBOROWSKA [Zaneta] (born 1773), m. Ludwik Raciborowski;
Antoni Grabianka (born 1775), the Ploskirow official, married to Honorata Stadnicka (d. 1881);
and Erasmus Grabianka (born 1777), married to Helena Skrocki.

Tadeusz Grabianka settled in Avignon, where he founded the New Israel.

"... Annette [Aneta Raciborowska] will find in her father's papers a note written in Lithuanian saying: 'In the vaults of the old castle of Val de la Croix, is the treasure of the Knights Templar. The saint and the truth show the way'.
For Annette, it's Hebrew, because she's not aware of her father's business and she does not understand anything. ...
castle of the Val de Croix where is the treasure of the Knights Templar, which we have spoke our grandfather, find him and come back rich...
the Count of Grabianka to confirm that Dom Pernety, founder of the Illuminati of Avignon, knew the site of the Verdon? Jangast: Nothing. No writing, proves that Pernety came to the Verdon.
... Count Grabianka, the official of Liv in Lithuania, meets Pernety in Berlin when he is librarian of the Berlin Library, placed in this post by Emperor Frederick II. out of the empire in 1783, for obscure reasons. Dom Pernety worked in Berlin on the realization of the Philosophers' Stone. Count Grabianka will follow Pernety in Avignon, he will participate in the work on the stone, until the final result in 1788.
The revolution occurs in 1789 and in 1793, the count and his family, get a safe conduct to go home. He died around 1801 [1807 !]. When he died, he gave the secret of the Val de la Croix treasure to his daughter Annette [= Aneta or Zaneta Raciborowska Grabianka], who had already married a son Marcolla".

The Raciborowski family:

Raciborowski, in the Oswiecim Duchy - Marcin Raciborowski in 1648, married to Zofia Trzebinska. His brother Aleksander Raciborowski, had a son Szymon Raciborowski and Szymon married Barbara Pieniazek, the daughter of the Sieradz governor; Barbara had a daughter Maryanna m. 1st Michal Szamowski; 2nd to Stanislaw / Józef Jezierski, the Lukow official.

Jozef Raciborowski b. 1689, d. 1756, m. ca 1730 to Marianna Libiszowska b. ca 1700,
with:
Wojciech Raciborowski, the Latyczow official, 1734-1798, + Agnieszka Grocholska + Dominika Lipinska; with children:
1.
Ludwik Raciborowski b. 1762 + 2nd Css Aleksandra Brzostowska, 1780-1864 [and 1st Anna Grabianka] with Ludwika Raciborowska 1805-1866.
2.
Pius Raciborowski 1767-1821 + Antonina Pawsza.

Wojciech Raciborowski in 1778 was the Czerwonogrod official. His son LUDWIK or LEON Raciborowski in 1788 married 1st Anna GRABIANKA. Ludwik m. 2nd ca 1800 to Aleksandra Brzostowska, the daughter of Count Aleksander Brzostowski, 1750-1820, + Anna Maria Wodzinska.

Above Aleksandra Brzostowska, 1780-1864:
her grandparents -
Adam Brzostowski 1722-1792; Dss Genowefa Oginska 1725-1792;
Mikolaj Wodzinski of Liw;
Godlewska.
The great-grandparents:
Konstanty Benedykt Brzostowski the Lithuania official, 1682-1722;
Duke Jozef Tadeusz Oginski, 1693-1736;
Teresa Wojna-Jasienicka, 1695-1743;
and Dss Anna Wisniowiecka, 1695-1732.

"... Did he hear this story from M. de Bedarrides, who had bought Chateau de Vaucroix? Nobody can say it. According to his descendant, he reports to Valcros that T. Grabianka never came here ...
On the other hand, according to my research, it appears that it would be Pernety who would have painted the painting of Saint Augustine and
... who would have made the second document, written with texts in Latin, in Greek and another language resembling Egyptian hieroglyphics ...
is another version, concerning the document made by the knight in 1312. ...
He goes to Avignon and he, ... to complete his work that takes place at the Marquis de Bedarrides Vaucrous, in a house later named Mount Thabor, lent by the Marquis, a patron.

The 'cooking' of the stone begins in March 1785, it must cook three years, with a temperature ... 24h on 24, watched by followers. The cooking will end in the month of July 1788 and the stone will be deposited in the agreed place. ...
is cost several million gold francs, it is not the followers, nor the patrons who paid, so who, if not Pernety, himself ...
It has been said that Pernety had gone to Vaucrous, with the Marquis de Bedarrides and his family, to paint different subjects which fascinated him, flowers, insects, in 1784.
... In 1785, in March, he began cooking the Great Work.
... the castle was sold and the notary clerks found that Vaucroix's term was abnormal ... Vaucrous. Or for another reason? If Bedarrides - Vaucrous is the owner of the castle, he can very well take Dom Pernety. The latter will return after 1792, with followers, ...
only Grabianka will carry the secret, which he will divulge to his daughter [Zaneta = Aneta = Annette].
Ludwik (or Leon) Raciborowski, after marrying her in Kumanow in 1795. ... Anna died in 1796,
shortly after her marriage (Ludwik will remarry nine years later) and without descendants...".

Network:

Cagliostro and Tadeusz Grabianka [Stadnicki, Kalinowski, Grabianka, Tarnowski families] - Malta and ILLUMINATI - Carsten Niebuhr in 1761/1767 - Kamieniec Podolski [Rzewuski, Tarnowski, Kossakowski and Stadnicki officials] - Bishop Adam KRASINSKI and the Bar Uprising in 1768 - Krasne close to Przasnysz - Leopold Kronenberg of Brzezie and Wieniec near to WLOCLAWEK closest to Ludwik Krasinski [+ Szymanowski and Wolowski] - Krasinski, Popiel and the Roman family at the Przasnysz district - Zbigniew Brzezinski in USA [GLOBALISATION] - and the net back to the beginning to Stadnicki and Mniszech [1742/1749] with Oginski and SOLTYK [+ Bystrzanowski] - FREEMASONS and ILLUMINATI.

At the end of the 18th century, freemasonry (especially the Masonish rite of TEMPLARS Strict Observance, and also subordinate to Templars - the Scotish Rite Improved) was infiltrated by the Illuminati (i.e., the Enlightened One).

In 1751, Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart gave a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.

The German Illuminati were called to life by Adam Weishaupt on May 1, 1776.
They used the name Ordo Illuminati Germaniae. The symbol of the Enlightened was the pyramid with the omniscient eye at the top (identical to that found on dollar banknotes).
Adam Weisshaupt / ADAM WEISHAUPT collaborated with Count Alessandro di Cagliostro [compare his visit to Adam Poninski, Poniatowski in Warsaw, and in Curland].

Weisshaupt's goal was a permanent revolution [compare PARVUS] and destruction of the current order [see Nestor Trubecki and Lenin]. The organization of the Illuminati was hierarchical, the individual degrees were isolated from each other.

It was forbidden to talk about the organization and its activities [compare the speech of John F. Kennedy in April 1961 on the secret societes ie. Russian communist network - the President expalin in the next day !]. The sect had three classes divided into two grades.

The criminality of the Illuminati's plans was confirmed in the Vatican by Cagliostro; and in 1793, by Abbe Barrvel in "The memorials illustrating the stories of the Jacobins" and in 1797 by professor John Robinson, the author of the book "Evidence of conspiracy" published in Great Britain.

And from the curiosities -
a certain Izydor Kiedrzynski [died bef. 1802/1803; my great-great-great-great-grandfather] was sent from the Pleszew - Raszkow - Bieganin [close to Kalisz, b. 1749] area to Jedlno [close to Radomsko, ca 1775/1776 - a way to the Illuminati line: Lanckoronski - Grabianka - Stadnicki - Soltyk branch]; there were a few of them, also a lot of cream of society somewhere near to Pleszew-Kalisz [Billewicz, Rozdrazewski, Stadnicki, Wezyk, Jordan, Mycielski, Bardzki], from the 40s of the 18th century.

The Stadnickis - the same ones who are in Jedlno for three / four generations associated with the Mecinski [then the Walewski-Mecinski branch], the owners of Dzialoszyn and Jedlno.

It's the same Stadnicki family, from which the wife of Tadeusz Grabianka was - the head of the Illuminati [Berlin of winter 1778/1779 - until 1807], who was killed in 1807 in St Petersburg - over 200 years ago - and the Russians declassified the documentation for some of the English university at present.

Secret accusations of Tadeusz Grabianka, of course, claim that he has done something illegal, typically without proof that this is the case - alleged international anti-Russian conspiracy.

It was not just in Avinion and Paris but in London, where Grabianka acted around the same group of buildings - 70 meters - of the Browne family, from 1870 the Breguet company owners.

With Breguet who also was here [Clerkenwell-London], and he cooperated in watches, with this French spy, who sent Kosiuszko and Bystrzanowski from France to Martynika in Summer of 1776.

Clerkenwell - Lenin, Trotsky, the Knights Templar, Breguet, Grabianka, etc. also went to this district of London. Of course Marat, too. Marat was from Neuchatel in Switzerland.

Also in Neuchatel were Breguet, Duflon, and the Neuchatel Masonic Lodge what later founded sister's lodge in Colombo in Dutch Sri Lanka. Here, tea plantations were later established around Colombo. With Scottish families like Ernest Rutherford's relatives. With the Rothschild Tea Estate at Pussellawa and Rutherford from Scotland [Rutherford at Maskeliya in 1885 - Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England. He heard about waterproof plywood - compare Tallinn in Estonia] - from this physicist who downloaded Kapica [see: Stebnicki, Konstantynowicz and Wernadski] we already have a simple way to study of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union.
Kapica is the Stebnicki and Vernadski family, and of course with the Konstantynowiczs!
Then, with Kurtshatov and Joffe in Leningrad, two Konstantynowicz played the top role.
But for 20 years, as the Americans write, their names change and remove from the memorial boards; it's search on the soviet television.

The "sect" of Tadeusz Grabianka [since 1778/1779], or The Order of Illuminati, it is a Polish intelligence network created during the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian State and it is a secretive intelligence and political organization working to rebuild independent Poland in conditions when the entire territory of the country was occupied by three hostile neighbors.

In the absence of state independence, Tadeusz Grabianka created the foundation of a political intelligence. It was the period of his activity from 1778 to the murder in 1807 in Russia.

Tadeusz Grabianka used social engineering methods, he had the ability to recruit collaborators [like Cagliostro] - for example during a visit to London [then this network surrounds Edward Brown], which lasted almost a year - and he could recruit future "soldiers": a courier, probably also murderers, heads of smaller underground groups.

Tadeusz Grabianka co-operated with the French intelligence.

Tadeusz Grabianka also knew that in every country [Berlin, London, France, Austrian Galicia, Russian Podole and Ukraine; in Russia] after some time his conspiracy would be taken over by counterintelligences of these countries.
However, Tadeusz Grabianka's aims were at the same time attractive to France and Great Britain.

Thus, the situation will appear in which our Polish resistance conspiracy will help to other countries - including the US and not only through official state channels, as Thomas Jefferson said - and to the royal courts [George III, Duke of Kent].

And the reverse, other countries gladly use our underground networks.

It was not alchemy and sect. These were chemical laboratories where it was possible to produce poisonous and hallucinogenic drugs for Polish intelligence in the absence of an independent state.

The goals have changed over the next years.
In the 70s of the 19th century, the Polish conspiracy [Koziell-Poklewski] unequivocally led to causing chaos in Europe,
provoking a European war and world conflict [USA, Japan],
invoking massive revolutions
[the scheme of Tadeusz Grabianka; use of national minorities - Leopold Kronenberg and the Wloclawek area]
by providing attractive ideologies [Nestor Trubecki, Duke Kropotkin, Lenin].

Some researchers have come to a completely wrong conclusion that this is a devilish conspiracy.

Most European politicians in the 19th century knew, however, that this is so-called "Polish conspiracy." That is, a conspiracy involving the entry into the Russian state and intelligence system.

This was done, among others, by the Konstantynowicz family, creating the company "Duflon & Konstantinovich", also co-operating with the NOBEL family, Armand, Gernet, Azbelev [see also in Japan], Pilsudski, Breguet; co- creating Lenin's person.

The family of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantinovich took part in the non-legal conspiracy.
And so the powerful underground Network was created:
the King of Naples, Marshal Joachim Murat - General Armand - General Axamitowski of Poznan - General Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Maria Paszkowska Armand - Apolon Konstantynowicz - BREGUET] -
Colonel / General JAN DEMBOWSKI, the Freemason, the friend of Ignacy Potocki and Artur Potocki
[the Templars and of the Grand Orient in 1818] -
and from ARTUR POTOCKI to Wojciech Paszkowski + Br. Bystrzanowski and the Mark Masons Order
[and here the line to Kalinowski and Tadeusz Grabianka / Marcin Tarnowski / Stadnicki / Ilinski - the ILLUMINATI and the TEMPLARS] +
Tadeusz Kosciuszko in 1776
[+ General Franciszek Paszkowski and General Stanislaw Fiszer (Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN)].

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.

Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791.
General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, had the son Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont. The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay in 1791. Paul was born in 1760 or in 1762. Paul Armand died in 1835, married to Jeanne Angelique Armand, 1765 - 1813. The wedding was in ca 1783 / 1785. Paul's son was Jean-Louis Armand, 1786 - 1855 in Moscow, appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution. Above Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH, who was served under the Bourbons. Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792. General Paul Armand, in 1791 came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay. In 1787, Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen de La Vauguyon. In 1792-1792 Alexandre was living in MADRID with the wife. But rallied to Napoleon and accepted the title of comte de l'Empire. He was made a peer of France in 1815 by Louis XVIII. Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was in USA in 1794-1796. Alexandre de Bauffremont obtained in 1795 his removal from the list of emigrants.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

The Russian inteligence net in 1741-2015:

Malta and Master Pinto + Althotas - de Rohan of Strasbourg - Mitau / Mitawa in Courland - Wilkowo Polskie near to Koscian - Chocen close to Wloclawek - Dubno in Volhynia - Romanow in Ukraine and Ilinski with Tadeusz Grabianka.

Acc. to 'The Arcane Schools' by John Yarker:

"The Stuarts in the 17th century made an effort to revive the Order of St. John and the Temple, THEN OF MALTA, and a North Convent seems to have existed about MONTROSE, and it is alleged, on the authority of DOM CALMET, that
VISCOUNT DUNDEE was Grand Master of 'the Order of Templars in SCOTLAND',
and that when he fell at Killiekrankie he wore the Grand Cross which was given to DOM CALMET by his brother.

It is also asserted that MAR and ATHOL [Atholl - see Murray !] succeeded him and that Prince Charles Edward STUART was installed Grand Master at Holyrood in 1745
[John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl, 1660-1724, was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess; created Duke of Atholl in 1703. John's son was
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, styled Marquess of Tullibardine between 1715 and 1746, was a Scottish peer, and Lord Privy Seal],
and that
JOHN OLIVANT of BACHILTON succeeded him

[ie.
John OLIPHANT d. 1795 or Olyphant of BACHELTON, 2nd.
David Oliphant d. 1770, and was succeeded by John Oliphant, 1st, heir of Pitheavlis and Bachilton;
JOHN RAMSAY and Company a lease of it for 19 years from 1778; John Oliphant, 1st, d. 1781. Harrison Oliphant succeeded, d. 1791. Then John Oliphant, SECOND, succeeded, who died in 1795.
Next Margaret Oliphant succeeded, heir in Bachilton, died in 1800. In Dec. 1795 RAMSAY to hold the lands of Pitheavlis for 30 years from 1795.
Janet Oliphant succeeded, and she was married to Alexander Murray, 8th Lord Elibank born in 1780. He was the son of Alexander Murray, 7th Lord Elibank and Mary Clara Montolieu. JANET was the daughter of John Oliphant.
Then her son was the heir, Alexander Oliphant MURRAY. Alexander Oliphant Murray, the 9th Lord Elibank, 1804 - 1871.
In 1832, Colonel Evans, M. P., Mr. Wyse, M. P., Sir W. Brabazon, Mr. Murray, Count Czapski, M. Bach, with several other foreigners were present in DUBLIN.
Mr. T. Campbell as chairman, opened the proceedings in a feeling and energetic speech, towards the conclusion of which he said,
'If England allowed Germany to be enslaved by Princes who were themselves the slaves of Russia, she might, when too late, repent in sackcloth and ashes over her departed liberties. The measures of Napoleon against English commerce would be but a jest, a mere feather, compared with the hostility of the present continental despots...'.
Count Joseph Napoleon Czapski / JOZEF NAPOLEON Czapski left Dublin for London in April 1832.
Note:
Sir William Stirling of Ardoch, 4th Bt. was the son of Sir Henry Stirling of Ardoch, 3rd Bt.;
he married Christian Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine and Anne Stirling, in 1762;
died 1799.
Children of Sir William Stirling of Ardoch, 4th Bt. and Christian Erskine:
Mary Stirling d. 1847,
Margaret Stirling,
unknown daughter Stirling.
Above
Mary Stirling married Ebenezer Oliphant, the son of
Laurence Oliphant, 6th of Condie {b. 1795} and Margaret Murray. Margaret Oliphant (Murray) b. 1798, was the daughter of Anthony Murray, 8th Laird of Dollerie.
The granddaughter of Anthony Murray, 7th Laird of Dollerie, d. 1790 [b. ca 1740 ?].
The great-granddaughter of Anthony Murray older.
Children of Mary Stirling and Ebenezer Oliphant:
Laurence Oliphant, 8th of Condie b. 1791;
William Oliphant b. 1792;
Anthony Oliphant b. 1793;
Christian Oliphant b. 1795;
Lt. Col. James Oliphant b. 1796;
Thomas Oliphant b. 1799.

Above Christian Erskine was the daughter of John Erskine and Anne Stirling.
Above John Erskine was born 1695, was the son of
Lt. Col. John Edmund Erskine and Anna Dundas.

When the Oliphant family left Ceylon, the estate sold to Sir Harry Dias. Sir Anthony Oliphant's tea estate, the Oliphant Estate,
situated in the hill country in Nuwara Eliya - 55 km south-east-south of Kandy, east of Colombo, 26 km east of Hatton, close to Lindula and Meepilimana - was the first estate to grow tea in Ceylon;
Anthony OLIPHANT and his son Laurence are the first people to grow tea in Ceylon.
Sir Anthony's son, Laurence Oliphant, went on become a Member of the House of Commons.
Laurence Oliphant was the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793 - 1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, and the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya.
In 1848 - 1849, he was in Europe, 1851 to Nepal, returned to Ceylon, travel in Russia at the Black Sea in 1853 (Odessa ?), next - to 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin; visited the Circassian coast during the Crimean War. 1861 Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan, a visit to Korea, where he discovered a Russian force; met Alice le Strange, married in London, 1872],

and held the office until his death, 15th Oct., 1795
[Alexander Deuchar was elected the new Grand Master; he was a Freemason and also a Harold of Lord Lyon at his court.
Alexander Deuchar was elected Commander of Edinburgh Templar camp in 1808.
He was helped in his affords by his brother, David Deuchar from the third Battalion of Royal Regiment / King's Scotsmen.
Deuchar capped a cross from the Templar Church at the Tomar Castle in Portuguese.
The title of Lord Oliphant was claimed and used without challenge by David Olyphant, 6th of Bachilton in 1757 until his death in London in 1770. David Oliphant, 6th of Bachilton, known as 12th or the 1st (fourth creation) Lord Oliphant (d. 1770)].

After this the remnant of the ORDER is said to have united with some SCOTO-IRISH TEMPLARS, of whom Alexander Deuchar, Lyon Herald, was Grand Master, and who said, no doubt truthfully, that he could trace the Order back in SCOTLAND in 1740, by means of living members.
... at this period in FRANCE an ORDRE DU TEMPLE, with a charter from John Mark LARMENIUS who claimed appointment from JACQUES DE MOLAY. Philip of ORLEANS accepted the GRAND Mastership in 1705 and signed the STATUTES.
... that these Statutes were forged by the JESUIT Father BONANI, and that it was actually the resuscitation of a 1681 Society entitled the 'Little resurrection of Templars', and that it had as one of its members
the learned FENELON who CONVERTED RAMSAY to Orthodoxy.
... of 1705, the Charter proves the existence of a branch of Scottish Templars ...
In 1766, de TSCHOUDY speaks well of these FRENCH Knights as the 'Fraternity of Jerusalem', nicknamed 'FRERES DE ALOYA' from the composition of their suppers.

At STIRLING a system of MASONIC TEMPLARY
prevailed which they attributed, ... to certain Knights of St. John and the Temple who became protestants, and joined MASONIC LODGE at that place...".

The author of above John Yarker b. 1833, was an English Freemason in 1855, author, and occultist. Yarker later became International Grand Master (1902) of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim.
The Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis-Misraim is a masonic rite founded in Naples in September 1881. The first Grand Hierophant from 1881 was Giuseppe Garibaldi.
All three conspiracy centers, Brittany, Malta, Scotland, were taken over by Russian intelligence. This happened gradually in the 18th century. Russia built its power in the 18th century and took every opportunity to act against France, England and Spain.
The goal was to conquer Western North America on the Pacific coasts. This plan was implemented from the 20s of the 18th century by Peter the Great, to 60's of the 19th century when Alaska was sold to the Americans.

"From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees".

Johann August Starck / Stark (1741 - 1816)
was a author and the Konigsberg theologian, best remembered for arguing that an Illuminati
{the Bavarian Illuminati, a secret society founded in 1776.
"The society's goals were to oppose superstition, obscurantism, religious influence over public life and abuses of state power. ... The Illuminati - along with Freemasonry and other secret societies - were outlawed through edict, by the Bavarian ruler, Charles Theodore, with the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church, in 1784, 1785, 1787 and 1790. ... the group was vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed that they continued underground and were responsible for the French Revolution..."}
led conspiracy, which led to the outbreak of the Revolution in France 1789
{see Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON and Maleszewski with Poniatowski}.
Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in Konigsberg. In 1776 went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.

1767 or 1768 - J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar;
he was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Gottingen but left for St. Petersburg in 1761, while teaching in St. Petersburg, Starck had met a Greek by the name of Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-97, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights;
then traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library; back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-8). Starck promoted the clerical brand of Templarism
[see:
in France in 1705 - 1749;
in 1750 in French Brittany;
see Count Belford who had flown from Scotland to Russia;
in Ireland 1750/1760 or since ca 1758-1760;
on 24th June 1758 in Tipperary at Lodge No 296 (see below) with Sir Chas. A. CAMERON;
Berlin in 1760;
in Ireland in 1765 - Sir Edward Gilmore]
and STARK in 1768 joined it to movement of Karl Gotthelf von Hund (1722-76), a union formalized in 1772. He helped found a Strict Observance lodge at Wismar (1767), returned to St. Petersburg in 1768, presumably on freemasonry business, back in Konigsberg in 1769 where he lived next door to Immanuel Kant.

1769 - in Boston, New England, was established the Provincial Grand Lodge, under the auspices of Scotland.

Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686 - 1743), ie. the Chevalier Ramsay, was a Scottish-born writer who lived in France. He was a Baronet in the Jacobite Peerage.
He remained in France until 1724.
In 1724, Ramsay was sent to Rome.
Ramsay was associated with the court party of John Erskine, Duke of Mar.
Ramsay was in England in 1730, and he died at St Germain-en-Laye in 1743.
Ramsay was associated with Freemasonry from its introduction in France (1725 - 1726).
Charles Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, who acted as Grand Master for France beginning in 1736, was present at Ramsay's funeral. Ramsay was the member of the Gentleman's Club of Spalding, of which the prominent Masonic propagator John Theophilus Desaguliers was then also a member.
Ramsey mentioned the Knights Templar in his Discourse, when in fact he did not mention the Order at all - he mentioned the Knights Hospitaller.

Above John Theophilus Desaguliers - b. 1683, d. 1744, was a French-born British natural philosopher, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as assistant to Isaac Newton.
"...As a Freemason, Desaguliers was instrumental in the establishment of the first Grand Lodge formed in London in 1717 and served as their third Grand Master. He helped James Anderson draw up the rules in the "Constitutions of the Freemasons", published in 1723 ...
[during] trip to the Netherlands in 1731 Desaguliers initiated into Freemasonry - Francis, Duke of Lorraine (1708 - 1765) who later became Holy Roman Emperor.
Desaguliers also presided when Frederick, Prince of Wales, became a Freemason in 1737, and he additionally became a chaplain to the Prince".

David Livingstone in 2013 wrote:
"The Asiatic BRETHREN continued to be associated with Egyptian Rite Freemasonry, which its origins with Count CAGLIOSTRO.

Cagliostro ... had been initiated into the rite by the COMTE St. GERMAIN

[the Comte de Saint Germain born ca 1691/1712, d. 1784, was a European alchemist. In 1779, St. Germain arrived in Altona in Schleswig, to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, who also had an interest in mysticism and in secret societies. He had invented a new method of colouring cloth.
St. Germain was an Alsatian Jew, Simon Wolff by name, and was born at Strasbourg.
Maybe was a Spanish Jesuit named Aymar. The title of the Count of St Germain had during the early 1740s. He is called an Italian, a Spaniard, a Pole. In London he was in 1745. He understood Polish, and soon learnt to understand English.
St. Germain appeared in the French court around 1748. In 1749, he was employed by Louis XV for diplomatic missions.
He prophesied the French Revolution. He met Giuseppe Balsamo (alias Cagliostro) in London. St. Germain was an alchemist, and Rosicrucian.
Ebenezer Sibly was deeply involved in occult, but his brother Manoah SIBLY was the member of the Swedenborgian Theosophical Society; and was living in London like Swedenborgian minister.
Manoah SIBLY thus provided a tangible connection between Ebenezer SIBLY / Ebenezer Sibley, and the Swedenborgian enthusiasts
Philippe de LOUTHERBOURG,
Peter Lambert de LINTOT and
Charles RAINSFORD
and in ca 1776 to CAGLIOSTRO.
Above acc. to Susan Mitchell Sommers.

Above Charles of Hesse-Kassel was born in Kassel in 1744 as the son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and his first wife Princess Mary of Great Britain.
His mother was a daughter of King George II of Great Britain
and Caroline of Ansbach and a sister of Queen Louise of Denmark.
The grandfather, William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse].

... it was SAMUEL FALK who sent CAGLIOSTRO on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry. It was also known as the RITE of MISRAIM, ... From as early as 1738, traces of the Rite of Misraim can be found, which include alchemical, occult and Egyptian references with a structure of 90 degrees.
Through his association with the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of MALTA, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca, Cagliostro founded the Rite of HIGH EGYPTIAN MASONRY in 1784. Between 1767 and 1775 he received the ARCANA ARCANORUM ... from Sir Knight LUIGI D'AQUINO, the brother of the national Grand Master of NEAPOLITAN MASONRY.
In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the RITE of MISRAIM ... The Rite was composed of 90 degrees, taken from SCOTTISH RITE Freemasonry, MARTINISM and other Masonic traditions...".

From as early as 1738, one can find traces of this Rite filled with alchemical, occult and Egyptian references, with a structure of 90 degrees. Joseph Balsamo / Cagliostro was very close to the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca. Cagliostro founded the Rite of High Egyptian Masonry in 1784, with Arcana Arcanorum which are three very high hermetic degrees, from Sir Knight Luigi d'Aquino, the brother of the national Grand Master of Neapolitan Masonry. In 1788, he introduced them into the Rite of Misraim.

Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk.

Szmuel Jakub Falk, 1708-1782, known as Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk was a rabbi, Kabbalist and alchemist. Falk was born in Pidhaytsi / PODHAJCE in Podolia.
Pidhaytsi / Podhajce / Podhaitza / Podgaytsy was belonged at the begining of the 18th century to the Potocki family. Pidhaitsi is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. In Podhajce the Reformist / Arian church turned into a synagogue. In 1675 Podhajce was damaged by Turkish Army, when belonged to Feliks Kazimierz Potocki. Then his son and the grandson Eustachy Potocki were the owners.
Next was Marian Potocki, 2nd son of Count Jerzy Potocki. Jerzy Potocki died in 1747. Marian Potocki died after 1777.
Podhajce was taken by Katarzyna Kossakowska (1724-1803) after death of her older brother Marian Potocki.
Katarzyna sold Podhajce to hands of Jozef Bielski. In 1772 Podhajce belonged to AUSTRIA.

All text below acc. to David Livingstone, author, in 2013:
The Royal Order of Heredom included the Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk (1708-1782) as one of its members.
He is linked to Jacob Frank, and was a neighbor to Swedenborg.
Swedenborg was a Jacobite spy. Swendenborg apparently met Rabbi Samuel Jacob Falk.

Falk was one of the 'Unknown Superiors' of the Rite of Strict Observance, founded by Karl Gotthelf, Baron Hund (1722-1776) in 1754 [or in 1749; 1751].

Jacob Frank's godfather was King Augustus III of Poland, whose Counselor was von Hund. Baron von Hund was also Counselor of State to Maria Theresa.
Hund had been initiated in 1741 into the Order of the Temple by 'Unknown Superiors', in the presence of the Jacobite Lord Kilmarnock (1705-1746).
Philippe II was also another pupil of Rabbi Samuel Falk. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, Grand Master of the Grand Orient, in 1772. Philippe was the great-grandson of Philippe, Duke of Orleans, the Grand Master of Baron Hund's the Templar Order.

Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick led the German delegation and the English one was led by a close friend of Falk, General Charles R. Rainsford (1728-1809), a British MP, and Swedenborgian Freemason.
In 1783, Rainsford, who had been collaborating with Falk on a Kabbalistic-Masonic scheme, received inquiries from Parisian Masons about Falk's system.
The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk.
Cagliostro, had all the secrets of Dr. Falk.
Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.

"... It was Falk who sent Cagliostro on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry. Cagliostro had been initiated into the rite by the Comte St. Germain. Cagliostro was very close to the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca. Cagliostro founded the Rite of High Egyptian Masonry in 1784. Between 1767 and 1775, he received the three high hermetic degrees Arcana Arcanorum from Sir Knight Luigi d'Aquino, the brother of the national Grand Master of Neapolitan Masonry. In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the Rite of Misraim and gave a patent to this Rite". ... Cagliostro's Egyptian Rite was a very complex system of oracles, quasi-Egyptian rituals and ceremonial magic.

Falk was born in Poland to a Sabbatean family and came to England in 1742. Falk lived in Brunswick, and in Westphalia.
Rabbi Jacob Emden accused Falk of being a Sabbatean, as he invited Moses David of Podhayce / PODHAJCE, a known Sabbatean with connections to Jonathan Eibeschutz, to his home

[the owner was Stanislaw Potocki Rewera (1589 in Podhajce - 1667 in Lwow). This is line of ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice who was the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR
(friend of General Franciszek Paszkowski and his brother Wojciech Paszkowski. This is line to Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand and to Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna Armand - they acted with Lenin)
and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.
They came from Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760
and from Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735
{see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski - Poninski + CAGLIOSTRO !};
and Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748.
The first supporter of Sabbath in Rohatyn was Elish Shor
(Elish / ELISHA Schorr, born in 1688, died in 1757. Then the WOLOWSKI family),
a descendant of Rabbi Zalman Naftali Szor (Rabbi Zalman Naftali Schorr), the author of the treatise "Tewuos Szor" (Tevuos Shor). He has influenced his large family. Szor's supporter, among others, Jehuda Lejb (Yehuda Leib) and Nota Krys of Nadworna.
They also gained the support of the Kabbalist, Mosze Dawid of Podhajce (Moshe David mi-Podhajce).
In this way, in Podole, three heresies strongly supported this movement in Rohatyn, Podhajce and Nadworna.
In the second half of the 18th century, Frankism was also very influential in Rohatyn.
In 1755, Elisha Szor and Nachman of Busko went to Turkey to meet Jakub Frank.
In 1806, Izabela Czartoryski Lubomirska, the owner of the Teczyn estate, which included, among others, Krzeszowice village, wrote to her grandson Artur Potocki from Podhajce and he took the property after the death of his grandmother in 1816. Since then, Krzeszowice has become the seat of the Potocki family.
Then Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki of Podhajce, 1861-1908, and Adam Wladyslaw Artur Potocki of Podhajce, b. 1896].

Falk collaborated with a Sabbatean Frankist network in England, Holland, Poland, and Germany, with an important influence in Masonic and occult circles.
Falk was the 'Old Man of the Mountain' and the leader of the Ismaili Assassins; or an 'Unknown Superior' of illuminist Freemasonry.

The main lines of communication were the secret networks of Ecossais Masonic lodges of the exiled Jacobites.

Ferdinand Maximilien Meriadec de Rohan (1738 - 1813) was an Archbishop of Bordeaux in 1769, and Archbishop of Cambrai in 1781. He was the son of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene.
Charlotte, duchesse d'Albany, STUART, 1753-1789, had a relationship with Ferdinand Maximilien de ROHAN-GUEMENE, 1738 - 1813. Charlotte was the daughter of Charles III Prince Charlie STUART, Duke of Albany, born in 1720 - Rome,
and Clementina, Css of Aberstroff, WALKINSHAW, the daughter of John of Camlachie and Barrowfield, WALKINSHAW - his family was a branch of the Walkinshaws of Renfrewshire, close to Paisley, west to Glasgow in SCOTLAND.

Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Army {since 1800, promoted in 1803; until 1806}, Charles Edward Augustus Maximilian Stuart, nickname Baron Korff
{Florence in Nov 1814 - 'Up to about this time [bef. 1816] the signature is likely to be "A. M. Korff" or "Korff Roehenstart." Later he was usually known as "Charles Edward Stuart, Baron Korff, Count Roehenstart"...'}.
Compare - 'Roehenstart. A Late Stuart Pretender', by George Sherburn, published by The University of Chicago Press, 1960: "early in the nineteenth century a Count Korff von Schmissing / Schmising lived in Munich, and while we have no proof, it is a plausible conjecture that Roehenstart was brought up in Munich by some member of the Korff family".
Maximilian Franz Xaver Count von Korff of Schmising-Kerssenbrock (born in 1781 in Munster, d. 1850) in the Prussian district of Halle; the son of
Clemens August Heinrich von Korff, of Schmising (1749 - 1821), Marshal of the Elector of Cologne and the Prince-Bishop of Munster.
They were raised in 1816 to the Prussian counts and founded the Count's line in Westphalia. His mother was Elisabeth Bernhardine von Nagel (1756 - 1809).
His brother Clemens became a district administrator in Warendorf.
And the grandson of Franz Otto von Korff of Schmising and Tatenhausen (1719 - 1785) and his wife Anna Elisabeth Marie von Droste of Vischering (1730-1790, the daughter of Maximilian Heidenreich Droste of Vischering).

Count Roehenstart was born ca May 1784 in PARIS [ca 1781/1787] or in Italy, and died in October 1854 in Dunkeld near to PERTH, in SCOTLAND,
was the natural son of mentioned Prince Ferdinand of Rohan.
Dunkeld near to PERTH, in SCOTLAND, 30 km north-west to PERTH; 40 km north-east to the Drummond Castle and Dunkeld and Birnam is an area in Perth and Kinross district, in Scotland, by the River Tay:
Dunkeld House, built by Sir William Bruce in 1676 - 1684 for
the 1st Marquis of Atholl.
Demolished in 1827.

John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, b. 1631, d. 1703, was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642. In 1650 he joined in the unsuccessful attempt to liberate Charles II from the Covenanters. The Mormaer or Earl of Atholl was the title of the holder of the highland province of Atholl / northern Perthshire.
John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (died 1642);
John Murray, 3rd Earl of Tullibardine, 2nd Earl of Atholl (1631-1703);
John Murray, 2nd Marquess of Atholl (1660-1724);
with the son
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, 1690 - 1764, as Marquess of Tullibardine, Lord Privy Seal.
Three of John's sons joined the Jacobites in the rebellion of 1715, including his eldest living son, William, Lord Tullibardine, who was removed from succession to the title.
Atholl died in 1724, and was succeeded by his second surviving son James, Marquess of Tullibardine.
James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, b. 1690. He was succeeded by in the barony of Strange by his daughter, Lady Charlotte, and in the Scottish titles by his nephew, John, the son of George Murray, a general in the Jacobite rising of 1745. Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl, the 8th Baroness Strange b. 1731, was the daughter of the 2nd Duke of Atholl. She married her first cousin, John Murray at Dunkeld, Scotland.

The Stuarts and other Jacobites were responsible for the spead of freemasonry on the Continent.

James Winter, Scottish architect and master mason (1743-1744) was employed by the 2nd Duke of Atholl to build a new stable block at Blair Castle, in Perthshire in 1747-1758.
He was probably a relative of Thomas Winter, former mason employed by William Adam at Floors, Castle, Roxburghshire in 1726.

The link between Spitalfields, Walworth and the Independent or Dissenting movement was Richard Price (b. 1723, d. 1791), the son of a Congregational minister. Price and his friend, Joseph Priestly, became leaders of the Rational Dissenters or Unitarian Society.
Price got to know John Howard, John Quincy Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Adam Smith.
The Dissenters supported the French Revolution and Richard Price preached a sermon at the Old Jewry meeting of the London Revolution Society on November 4th, 1789, supporting the French Revolution and sent his congratulations to the French National Assembly.

Joseph Priestley, (b. 1733, d. 1804, America), son of Jonas Priestley, was a chemist, scientist, mathematician, linguist and Dissenting minister. The many Dissenting ministers who met at the Keighlys influenced him and he attended the Dissenting Academy at Daventry.
During visits to London, he mixed with Liberals and Rational Dissenters like Richard Price and Benjamin Franklin. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1766
and became librarian to William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne and tutor to his sons.

Shelburne's Bowood Circle included people like Priestley, Jeremy Bentham, the Dutchman Dr Ingen Housz, John Hunter and Benjamin Franklin.
"...Benjamin Franklin, born in Boston. Was one of the diplomats chosen to negotiate peace with Great Britain, and who helped draft the Declaration of Independence, one of the 56 who signed this document, and was instrumental in achieving the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. Was also a Mason".

"... Benjamin Franklin, a key leader of several secret occult fraternal groups was also a close friend of Pierre Samuel DuPont. When Benjamin Franklin arrived Dec. 1776 in France, one of the first people he sought out to visit with was Pierre Samuel DuPont. During the next year after that, DuPont was a frequent visitor to Franklin's residence in the village of Passy. Notice, that Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence also wrote nature's God. This is because the deists like Jefferson and DuPont believed Nature was the highest God.
President Jefferson and Secretary Gallatin, both were Illuminati members.
George Clinton, vice president to Thomas Jefferson, was De Wit Clintons Uncle.

James Bidderman, the son of Evelina DuPont Bidderman, went to France and his decedents would give the DuPont's a lineage in France. One of the families that Intermarried and were close friends with the DuPont's was the Cazenoves family.
Both families were close friends with Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin, I have concluded that both Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin were Illuminati",
copyright by Robert Howard from WakeUpAmerica Website.

"...My knowledge of the Illuminati letters to Franklin and Adams came about as a result of my conversations with a very high profile Masonic historian, Reinhard Markner. ... I wanted to know more about the author of this work, and through the course of our conversations, he mentioned that
Adams and Franklin had been contacted by the head of the Munich lodge Professor Baader.

I wanted to know more about this and he said that the letters themselves had not been located, but were mentioned in Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens ...
the letter sent to Franklin listed on the website of the American Philosophical Society under the Franklin papers, in French. Through this discovery we were able to find the Adams letter, as well as Adams' reply.
De Kemtenstrauss it seems was the penname that Baader wrote under.
There were three letters sent, one to Adams, one to Franklin, and one to Philadelphia, presumably to the Continental Congress ...".

"...In 1799, when German minister G. W. Snyder warned George Washington of the Illuminati plan 'to overthrow all governments and religion', Washington replied that he had heard 'much of the nefarious and dangerous plan and doctrines of the Illuminati'.
He however concluded his letter by stating:
'I believe notwithstanding, that none of the Lodges in this country are contaminated with the principles ascribed to the society of Illuminati'. ...",
acc. to 'vigilantcitizen.com'.

Another person who came under the influence of the teachings of Richard Price and became a Unitarian was George Courtauld (b. 1761), son of Samuel Courtauld. He became a radical and supported American Revolution. He sold up went to America in 1785.

Shelburne encouraged Jeremy Bentham to take an interest in French politics. He introduced him to Andre Marellet and 2 members of the Bowood Circle, Samuel Romilly and Pierre Etienne Louis Dumont (1759-1829), tutor to Henry Petty Fitzmaurice (1780-1963) and translated Bentham's writings into French, acted as intermediaries between
Bentham and Honore Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de Mirabeau a prominent Revolutionary of Italian origins.

Bentham corresponded with other French politicians like
Jacques Pierre Brisset de Warville a leading Girondin in the Legislative Assembly,
Louis Alexandre, duc de la Rochfoucauld d'Enville,
Jean Phillipe Garran de Coulon (b. 1749 [see MALESZEWSKI]), member of the Estates General and Legislative Assembly,
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Perigord - Minister of Foreign Affairs (1799-1807),
Jean Antoine de Gavain (1761-1828), President of the Tribunal (1802) and Secretary (1804) and
Bon Albert Briois de Beaumer (1781-1801), President of th National Assembly (1790).

Bentham drafted a French Constitution and was elected a French citizen.

Sir Samuel Romilly, (1757-1818), English legal reformer, was the second son of Peter Romilly, a watchmaker and jeweller in London. Samuel's grandfather came to England from Montpellier after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and married Margaret Garnault, another Huguenot refugee; SAMUEL went to Geneva in 1781, where he met the chief democratic leaders, including Etienne Dumont. He was a friend of Mirabeau, to whom he was introduced in 1784 and who introduced him to Lord Lansdowne. Romilly visited Paris in 1789. He married Anne, daughter of Francis Garbett of Knill Court, and was appointed Chancellor of the County Palatine of Durham. Romilly supported William Wilberforce in his battle to abolish slavery and was a friend of Samuel Whitbread.

In 2013, the first on the world I show very interesting network!

It was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy:
Lenin and Inessa Armand, Duflon, nobility from Scotland, Italy, Ireland, France, Switzerland, the German noble families in Estonia.

This military - political intelligence network has a different appearance depending on, which side you watch from. It's like the external universe, which expands. It has a chaotic structure, but only to the viewers. For top executives of the network, it is extremely bright and clear. It works like clockwork. Time passes, and this network is expanding, as the universe, at that time some stars turning pale, faded and disappeared.

The underground structure has clearly defined objectives at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries:
1. call up the chaos in Europe;
2. to bring the continental war;
3. overthrow of the Romanovs in Russia;
4. lead to anarchy in Russia;
5. starting the war between the invaders, who take away the Polish independence;
6. pulling the western countries into the war, and in due time also America.

These network in the 18th to 21st cent is the intelligences networks.
Overarching objectives are at the beginning of the 20th cent.:
1. Polish independence,
2. The independence of the Baltic States;
3. The creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Tools to achieve these goals are:
1. The money from the Scottish, Jewish and American banks; revenue from the Mediterranean trade - Marseille, Greece, Naples, Crimea; and plantations in Ceylon and from the Asian trade - Ceylon, India, Japan;
2. the use of secret non-goverment organisations (NGOs) in Europe and America;
3. The creation of favorable underground structures inside the intelligence networks of Western Europe and American countries.

An important note:

Albert Pike [Albert Pike b. 1809, died 1891, was an attorney, soldier, writer, and Freemason, elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction in 1859, of thirty-two years] described the PLOT in a letter wrote to Mazzini
[Giuseppe Mazzini, 1805 - 1872, an Italian politician, journalist;
"William R. Denslow lists Mazzini as a Mason, and even a Past Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy"],
dated August 15, 1871, and plans for three world wars necessary to bring the One World Order, and it is a "commonly believed fallacy that for a short time, the Pike letter to Mazzini was on display in the British Museum Library in London, and it was copied by William Guy Carr".

CARR died 1959, was an English-born Canadian naval officer and an author; educated in Scotland; he also refers to the theories of l'abbe Augustin Barruel and John Robison
{John Robison b. 1739, d. 1805, was a Scottish physicist; the first general secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh; worked with James Watt on an early steam car; he authored Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797, accusing Freemasonry of being infiltrated by Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati"}
PIKE explained the French Revolution as a Freemasonic plot linked to the German Illuminati of Adam Weishaupt, associated to the conspiracy theory of the New World Order.

"The British Library has confirmed ... that such a document has never been in their possession, but Cardinal Rodriguez have said that it was in 1925".

Carr learned about this letter from Cardinal Caro y Rodriguez of Santiago, [died 1958, was a Chilean Cardinal; "...Caro was strongly opposed to the influence of Freemasonry in modern society and wrote several anti-Masonic pamphlets"];
"... no conclusive proof exists to show that this letter was ever written. Nevertheless, the letter is widely quoted and the topic of much discussion".

The extracts of the letter:
"The First World War must be brought about in order to permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the [Emperors] Czars in Russia and of making that country a fortress of atheistic Communism. The divergences caused by the "agentur" (agents) of the Illuminati between the British and Germanic Empires will be used to foment this war. At the end of the war, Communism will be built and used in order to destroy the other governments and in order to weaken the religions. ... During the Second World War, International Communism must become strong enough in order to balance Christendom, which would be then restrained and held in check until the time when we would need it for the final social cataclysm. ...
The Third World War must be fomented by ... the leaders of Islamic World...".

"... Michael Haupt said, that William Guy Carr said, that Cardinal Caro y Rodriguez of Santiago, Chile said, that ... Dr. Bataille aka Leo Taxil said about Albert Pike and Giuseppe Mazzini in 'Le diable au XIXe siecle', v. II, 1892-1894, p. 605...".

At 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Guy_Carr' we read:
"...In 'Pawns in the Game', Carr claims that World War I was fought in order to enable the Illuminati to overthrow the powers of the Tsars in Russia ... Michael Haupt had taken the three world war theory from the introduction of Carr's Pawns in the Game (1958). This introduction outlines a plan that Carr attributes to Pike, but not to the letter from Pike to Mazzini. Only the last section of the three world war plan in Haupt's text is a quote attributed to the letter from Pike to Mazzini. This quote is virtually identical to the one in Rodrique's book and it can be traced to the book Le diable au XIXe siecle (1894) by Gabriel Jagond-Pager a.k.a. Leo Taxil, where it is claimed to be from a letter of Pike to Mazzini written in 1871.
This quote was later considered to describe the Bolshevik revolution, but whether a hoax or not, it predates 1917. The book of Jagond-Pager is enlisted in the British Museum, which is what Rodriguez meant by his statement, and it contains the full letter, be it hoax or not. The plan attributed to Pike is also described in part in Le Palladisme by Margiotta and it seems to describe the same plan as in Jagond-Pager's book, so it is possible that in this case the famous hoaxer Leo Taxil actually refers to some existing letter, but Dominico Margiotta may be another pseudonym of Jacond-Pager. There is nothing of the three world war plan in this letter, and nothing especially prophetic-it simply describes a Freemasonry plan to overthrow all religions".

Abnormally strange theories appeared already in the 19th century, then in 1916 in Great Britain, and since then, these considerations are in order to hide the real motor for the global intelligence network. These shocking theories are designed to excite readers of its mystery and with the events described not to the end.

"Albert Pike ... moved to Arkansas [1833] where he became a prominent member of the secessionist movement. He was chosen by Mazzini to head the Illuminati operations in America and moved to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1852 [to New Orleans in 1855]. During the war he was made a brigadier general ...
Mazzini was not only the head of the Illuminati, he was the leading revolutionist in Europe. He was determined to establish a New World Order on the rubble of the old order and created a plan to accomplish his goal.
He detailed his plan for world domination in a letter to Pike on January 22, 1870:
'We must allow all the federations to continue just as they are, with their systems, their central authorities and their diverse modes of correspondence between high grades of the same rite, organized as they are at the present, but we must create a super rite, which will remain unknown, to which we will call those Masons of high degree whom we shall select...',
[acc. to] Lady Queensborough, Occult Theocracy, pp. 208-209.

This secret rite is called "The New and Reformed Palladian Rite [or Reformed Palladium]."
It has headquarters in Charleston, S.C., Rome in Italy, and Berlin ... Pike wrote about his beliefs and goals in 1871 in "Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry."

"The Palladian Rite, according to conspiracy theorists it is the very top of the Illuminati pyramid. Conspiracy theorists point to the Palladian Rite as being the secret overlord of all Masonic Rites uniting all masonry together in a dark agenda to propitiate three world wars to bring about the New World Order Government led by shape shifting reptiles from outer space".

Pike designed a plan for world conquest and wrote of it in a letter to Mazzini dated August 15, 1871. He said three future world wars would prepare the world for the New World Order ...

This strategy is corroborated by Dr. Dennis L. Cuddy PhD. in 'The Power Elite's use of Wars and Crises'."
See: pike.htm and 'biblebelievers.org.au'.
Above Dennis Laurence Cuddy, is historian and political analyst, received a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [also at NewsWithViews.com].

Mazzini was the member of the underground "Carbonari" society, also with Lelewel [see Chodzko, Oginski ...], Krepowiecki and Jozef Zaliwski. On 17 February 1833, Zaliwski [see Lubiec estate close to Wola Pszczolecka; Sulimierski, Bleszynski, Psarski ...] left Paris and traveled to the Polish lands.

Giuseppe Mazzini born 1805, died in 1872, was an Italian politician, journalist and headed the Italian revolutionary movement. William R. Denslow lists Mazzini as a Mason, and even a Past Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy; in 1840 Mazzini reformed the Giovine Italia in London, and from London he wrote a series of letters to his agents in Europe and South America, and made friends with Thomas Carlyle and his wife Jane; in 1843 he organized another riot in Bologna; in 1847 he moved again to London, also founded the People's International League; 1848 Mazzini was in Paris; in April 1848 Mazzini reached Milan, when the First Italian War of Independence started;
joined Garibaldi's force at Bergamo, moving to Switzerland with him;
in 1849 a republic was declared in Rome.

"Under Lord Palmerston, England supports all revolutions ... and the leading revolutionary in Her Majesty's Secret Service is Giuseppe Mazzini ...
Mazzini is a Genoese admirer of the ... Venetian friar Paolo Sarpi. Mazzini's father was a physician to Queen Victoria's father.
For a while Mazzini worked for the Carbonari, one of Napoleon's Freemasonic fronts. Then, in 1831, Mazzini founded his Young Italy secret society.

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, ... President of France, sent him articles for his magazine. Mazzini's cry ... that the people are the new God. ... Mazzini teaches that Christianity developed the human individual, but that the era of Christianity, of freedom, of human rights, is now over ...
The British would take care of Industry and Colonies;
the Poles, leadership of the Slavic world;
the Russians, the civilizing of Asia.
The French get Action, the Germans get Thought...".

"... Mazzini has tried to put this into practice just last year.
In November 1848, armed Young Italy gangs forced Pope Pius IX to flee from Rome ... Lord Palmerston said that Mazzini's regime in Rome was 'far better than any the Romans have had for centuries' ...
Right now Mazzini is here in London, enjoying the support of Lord Ashley, the Earl of Shaftesbury, a Protestant fanatic who also happens to be Lord Palmerston's son-in-law.
Mazzini's direct access to the British government payroll comes through James Stansfeld, a junior Lord of the Admiralty and a very high official of British intelligence. ... Stansfeld's father-in-law, William Henry Ashurst, is another of Mazzini's patrons, as is John Bowring of the Foreign Office ...
Bowring is Jeremy Bentham's literary executor.
John Stuart Mill of India House is another of Mazzini's friends.
Shortly thereafter there followed Young Poland, whose leaders included the revolutionaries Lelewel and Worcell [ILLINSKI and Tadeusz Grabianka net + Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company money].
...", acc. to Webster G. Tarpley, Ph.D.

Theories of William Guy Carr on the Satanism - the Illuminati - Zionism, are obviously erroneous, mistaken and very strange because it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy.

Compare two dates:
1870 Brown of London - Breguet [below]; and
the letter of 1871 from Pike to Mazzini [above].

Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century),
in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London,
who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax),
d'Arlincourt (transmitter);
Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
In 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878. L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27.
On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich [Apollon Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz] in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap.

In 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department.

In 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA.

In 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown;
Louis Francois Clement Breguet collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel, and Louis Francois Clement Breguet met Alexander Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.

He had one son Antoine BREGUET, b. 1851 and he was
grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer.

The great-grandson of Louis Francois Clement Breguet:
above Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, was the last of the Breguet family to run the business. So he took on noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to look after the Paris factory.
London-born Edward Brown became the factory manager, his partner - 1870 - and, after Breguet's death, the owner and head of the company. His sons Edward and Henry Brown headed the firm into the 20th century.

By Michael Weare at ' clicktempus.com':
under Brown and his descendants, Breguet remained a niche Parisian watchmaking boutique for the next century. Edward Brown died in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920. Then Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm. The watching making firm continues to market itself under the name of 'Breguet'. The electrical instrument business trades first under the name of 'Breguet fabricant' and from 1881 - 'Maison Breguet'.
The Brown family owned the Breguet watch brand for 100 years, five years longer than the Breguets. The complicated watches were built by the Joux Valley's leading watchmakers including the Victorin Piguet workshops.
1881 'Maison Breguet' that is Maison Breguet SA was the name given to the Breguet family business after it had sold off to Edward Brown in 1870 and reorganized by 1881. It manufactured electrical instruments, telegraphs, telephones, and industrial engines. It continued to operate in Paris until 1898 when its factories were moved to an industrial area in northern France.

Poniatowski - Maleszewski and 1789' Revolution in France:
Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski was brother of Kazimierz Jakub Poniatowski
[see Berezyna - Lubuszany close to the Konstantynowiczs' Miezonka in the Minsk province of the Grand Duchy of the Lithuania].
Maleszewski Piotr was the son of above Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski.

Jeanne Maleszewska nee Garran de Coulon, was daughter of Jean-Philippe Garran / Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon / Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON who was b. April 10, 1749 or 29/04/1749 (born in Saint-Maixent on 19 April 1748), died on 10/12/1816 in PARIS - FRANCE (or 19-11-1816 / December 19, 1816); he was a French politician, was born in HAUTE-SAONE - FRANCE; Secretary of Henrion de Pansey in Paris; lawyer in 1789; member of the legislative in 1791; member of the Institute. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon, lawyer in Paris.
Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon took part in the agitation preceding the meeting of the States General and was elected alternate member of the Third Estate of Paris.
Member of the first and the second Paris Commune, he directed the Research Committee - the police, and presented the insurrection on 14 July 1789 as the member of conspiracy.

Maleszewski Piotr had known J. P. Garran de Coulon, who had daughters:
1. Jeanne Francoise Felicite GARRAN de COULON;
2. Felicite-Francoise GARRAN DE COULON.

Garran-Coulon, member of the Comite des Recherches was writing 'Report on the troubles of Santo Domingo'; Garran-Coulon, the left-leaning deputy wrote the report, noted on Oge affair in Saint-Domingue.
B. M. Shapiro wrote:
"Eager to demonstrate that all of the violent eruptions of summer 1789 were parts of a carefully orchestrated Masonic plot and equally eager to connect the Comite des Recherches to this plot,
Gustave Bord was trying to persuade his readers that GARRAN, the author of the Comite's published brief against those servants of the Monarchy who had escaped the July violence,
was a 'point man' in a well-planned effort to eliminate a host of top royal officials.
For, having helped dispose of Flesselles and Berthier, Garran's next assignment, in Bord's eyes, was to engineer the judical assassination of BESENVAL:
'At each event, he launches the word or phrase which compromises the man in the hot seat...
Garran de Coulon was certainly partly responsible for the assassinations of the Prevot des Marchands and the Intendant de Paris, and now he is given the task of rendering a legal opinion on the question of whether those in authority in JULY (1789) were guilty'.
By adding his 'evidence' linking Garran to the Flesselles and Berthier assassinations to his extravagant vision of the Comite des Recherches as 'the model for all these revolutionary committes which, in a few months, will put the executioner to work on a full-time basis',

BORD was able construct the following equation:

July Massacres = Comite des Recherches = Terror. ...".

"Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon, 1748-1816, the son of a provincial tax collector, had come to Paris to join a crowd of starving authors and client-less lawyers. And though he was the author of no less than forty-three pre-revolutionary literary and philosophical works ... none of them was apparently ever published.
... Garran was probably the one man most closely identified with it in the public mind. ... Hence, it was Garran who was largely responsible for the political cover that the Comite's aggressive public image provided for the indulgent policies of the FAYETTIST regime. ... Garran was the first deputy elected from Paris to the Legislative Assembly in 1791 ... he remainde closely linked to BRISSOT and his other former colleagues from the municipality ... ... Garran served in the Thermidorian Convention, the Directory's Council of 500, and the Bonapartist Senate. He was also made a Count of the Empire...".
Jean-Philippe, Count married to Anne-Jeanne Barrengue - she died on August 7 or 6th, 1808, in Saivres (or died in Champmargou, town of Auge, Deux-Sevres). Garran de Coulon, Jean-Philippe (Count) died before December 26, 1816.

Jeanne Francoise Felicite Garran de Coulon, was the wife of Pierre Jean Maleszewski, resident at rue du Pont de Lodi, and Felicity Francoise Garran de Coulon, was a widow of Baron Guillaume Garran de Coulon, residing at rue Cassette No. 28, organized her father's funeral.

On 22 December 1804 Louis-Clement Breguet was born but Louis-Antoine married later with Jeanne Francoise Venture, on 2nd December 1810. In that year was born his daughter Louise Charlotte.
Jeanne Francoise Venture
(other source:
first marriage of Maleszewski with a beautiful Victoire Francoise Venture de Paradise, called "Egyptian", the representative of the then "Merveilleuses", gave him a number of concerns. They had a daughter born in Paris in 1794 -
Victoire Clementine, later married Alfred de Laqueuille)
was previously married to the economist and Polish historian Piotr / Pierr Maleszewski; she was the daughter of a diplomat in Cairo [compare in Cairo the Illuminatis]; the Maleszewski couple was divorced in 1809.

Jeanne Francoise died on January 20, 1813, only 38 years old.

Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a. Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI (= Pierre Maleszewski) with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO b. 1800 - died in 1871;
b.
married 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET 1776 - 1858.

Maleszewski / Maliszewski in 1803 returned to Paris. From now as the enemy of the Emperor and his policies, he did not participate in the political life of France. 1816 as the clerk of the state was not confirmed. A. J. Czartoryski made him as the director of Krzemieniec High School.
Due to permanent residence in France he was the corresponding member of the Warsaw Society of the Friends of Science, to 1820. Much of his scientific achievements remained in manuscript. Historical work, which is not finished, released his wife in Paris in 1832, 2d ed. 1833 Paris, ed. 3 in Berlin 1833;
he believed that "work people" permitted to participate in the government will create a new, positive policy.
In the circle of his influence were:
Fryderyk Skarbek,
Anna Zamoyska Sapieha,
her son Leon Sapieha,
Michael Wiszniewski,
Francis Arminski and many others.
Maleszewski died on 28 September 1828 in France, at the estate of his wife. First marriage of Maleszewski with a beautiful Victoire Francoise Venture de Paradise, called "Egyptian", the representative of the then "Merveilleuses", give a daughter born in Paris in 1794 - Victoire Clementine, later married Alfred de Laqueuille. In addition, his name wore two daughters of his wife, Adela Mortier and Olimpia Chodzko Leonardowa;
after the death of his wife in 1813 he married in 1816 to Jeanne, daughter of an old friend Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon.

Chodzko, Leonard published Michael Cleophas Oginski's Memoirs in four volumes in French in the years 1826-1827;
Chodzko, Leonard / Feonard (?) with nickname Comte d'Angeberg, b. 1800, author. His wife was Olimpia nee Maleszewska b. 1797, d. 1889, daughter of Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski b. 1767. Piotr Pawel Jan MALESZEWSKI had daughters:
Victoire Clementine de Laqueuille m. Alfred de Laqueuille b. ca 1780,
Olimpia Chodzko, and half-daughter Adela Mortier.
Maleszewski was the son of Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski duke b. 1736 in Gdansk, and grandson of Stanislaw Poniatowski. Stanislaw II August Poniatowski King of Poland, was the brother to Andrzej Poniatowski and Michal Jerzy Ludwik.

Josephine Camille O'MEARA [of Ireland], 1828-1907 married 1853, in Paris to Charles Victor Joseph DUBOIS, 1818-1875, with the first child:
Marie Eugenie DUBOIS 1858-1903 married to Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882 with children:
Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900,
Louis BREGUET 1880-1955,
Jacques BREGUET 1881-1939, a airplane engines and magneto branches in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company.

Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900, married Jacques Bizet b. 10.07.1872, d. 1922, the son of Georges Bizet b. 25.10.1838. Georges Bizet was a French composer (opera 'Carmen'). Brothers of Madeleine BREGUET were Jacques BREGUET 1881-1939 and Louis BREGUET b. 1880 - Paris, d. 1955 - he married 1902 in Paris, to Nelly GIRARDET born 1881.

The Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:

Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces,
and in 1767 King George III claiming to be his illegitimate half brother.

The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland. "This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836".

"The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed,
in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself.

Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.

In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy. Alexander Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland (previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" -
it became the Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh;
the charter was granted in 1811, for the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulcher, and of St. John of Jerusalem.

In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.

Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria! The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom.

Martinism "as a mystical tradition, it was first transmitted through a masonic high-degree system established around 1740 in France by Martinez de Pasqually,
and later propagated in different forms by his two students
Louis Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz".

Or Martinism is a specific form of Christian mysticism, an esoteric Christianity; founded 1754 in Paris, by Martinez Paschalis, and in 1775 by Louis Claude de Saint Martin, near to Illumine [Illuminate] -
Jean Willermoz who voted the death of the King of France in 1782.

The Scottish Rectified Rite or Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cite-Sainte was originally a Masonic rite, a reformed variant of the Rite of Strict Observance, which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens; was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.

Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792.
He is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld [see Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 in Skala Podolska, the core of the Frankists].

Jonathan Eybeschutz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities". He founded a Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna. After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.

The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast, with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter.
In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].
The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1805.

A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful.
From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785.
Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries;
Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years,
but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.

It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia is not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.

But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century.

Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.

For Germany, England, France, and Poles and also for Baltic Germans, remained the hardest way - but also the way bringing the greatest benefits - take over the underground structures, when it takes on the momentum and becomes the might; best to immediately take over the head of structure - the supreme authority of underground networks and the supreme command of Russian intelligence.
It had to be, however, protect from the rear - creating from the ground up a modern counterintelligence of the Tsarist Russia, by the Baltic Germans already infiltrated from Ireland and Scotland [George Browne and Peter de LACY].

Objectives were clear - the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and abridgment of Russia to the national core [1917-1922]. The whole plan should have been conducted in Europe now plunged into chaos of war - it is the First World War [1914-1918].

So plan for dismantling of the colonial powers: England and France, ended with a defeat - and the same multi-level underground structure has become a tool of western intelligence services.

In this ensemble, ready to act, entered Polish independence movement of Pilsudski, using additional family connections with the Baltic Germans, Irish and Scots. This was the largest triumph of Poles in the period 1618-2015. Pilsudski never could let - during his life - destroyed of this work [1926], as his successor Marshal Rydz Smigly [1939-1941].

Greatest defeat suffered Poles in the years 1937-1945, and to this day is difficult for them to get up [until 2020].

Of course, already other countries took a leading role in this web network in the 20th century; only suggests - USA, Great Britain, Russia and Israel ...

Below we have the details of the movements of underground in Europe in the period 1740-1790, which also reached North America.
The years 1740 - 1790, it's the beginning of the secret Masonic organizations in Germany, Ireland, France and Scotland, as well as in Russia, Poland, Austria.

Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (1730 - 1824) was a "French Freemason and Martinist who played an important role in the establishment of various systems of Masonic high-degrees in his time in both France and Germany".
In Lyon he became Grand Master in 1761, also organized "Sovereign Chapter of Knights of the Black Eagle Rose-Cross", was admitted to first grade in the Order of the Elus Cohens at Versailles in 1767 by Martinez de Pasqually; in the 1770s, he came into contact with Baron von Hund and the German Order of the Order of Strict Observance which he joined in 1773;
Willermoz introduced also at the Convention of Lyon the Regime Ecossais Rectifie (Rectified Scottish Rite), which combined Templar Freemasonry with the religious ceremonial of the Elect Coens;
he defended the place of Martinist currents in the rite;
"... he resumed his Masonic activities with a resurgence of the CBCS [the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City; in Lyon in 1778, constituted the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City] in 1804, and dedicated himself to this end until his death ... 1824".

The Rectified Scottish Rite, "also known as Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City
is a Christian Masonic rite founded in Lyon (France) in 1778".
It is derived from the Rite of Strict Observance erected in 1754 [or 1749], the foundation of which was attributed to Baron von Hund; it propounded a theory that freemasonry was developed directly from the Crusading Templars; the Rite was mainly elaborated by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, including some items coming from the Elect Cohen Order and denying the Templar legacy.

The Elect Cohens, or the Ordre des Chevelier Macons Elus Cohen de L'Univers / Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe / The Martinist Order of the Elect-Cohens,
which issued from the Traditional Martinist Order i.e. of
the Elus Cohen of Martinez de Pasqually,
and of
the Order of the Rose-Croix of the Orient;

the Elect Cohens, were a society of Cabbalists, organised on 'Scottish' Masonic lines, who were influenced by the Spanish Alumbrados / Sufi;
"...they were the first group to be called the Illumines, or Illuminati, though their relatively conservative views were diametrically opposite to the Bavarian Illuminati ...

founded in 1765 by the Freemason Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually,

of Grenoble, France, the Order was initially only open to Master Masons, but later became more open".

"The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism.
Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced.

This was about 1725.

However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752.
... The Hospitallers, known officially as Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, was founded at Jerusalem during the first Crusade. ... Some of the Knights went to Russia and elected the Emperor Paul I Grand Master ... In England the Order was never formally suppressed, and in 1888 Queen Victoria granted it a charter. In 1889 King Edward VII, then Prince of Wales was made Grand Prior. ... The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, or, as it is otherwise called, Knights Templar, was founded in Palestine in the 12th century by the Crusaders. ...

The Rite of the Strict Observance is based on Templar Masonry. Its founders claimed that all Templars were Masons
... The truth is that all Templar Masonry is descended from a Kadosh degree invented in Lyons, France, in 1743.

... Nevertheless, about 1740, various Rites, or degrees, of Scots Masonry, did spring into existence, followed shortly afterwards by Scots Mother-Lodges controlling systems of subordinate Scots Lodges. ...

In 1743 the Masons of Lyons invented the Kadosh degree, comprising the vengeance of the Templars, and thus laid the foundation for all the Templar Rites. It was at first called Junior Elect

... The Rite of Strict Observance was carried from France to Germany as early as 1749 [1754].

Von Bieberstein, as Provincial Grand Master, was succeeded at his death, about 1750, by Karl Gotheif, Baron Von Hund, and Alten-Grotkau. He was made a Mason in 1742. A year or so afterwards he met at Paris
Lord, Kilmarnock, who interested him in Templarism [1743/1744],
and he was initiated into the Order of the Temple. He was given a patent and directed to report to the Prov. Grand Master, Von Bieberstein, of the 7th Province in Germany. ...

We can trace its beginnings back to Lord Kilmarnock, Grand Master of Scotland, in 1742 - 1743.

Kilmarnock in Scotland was made a barony ...

In 1751 Von Hund began to give particular attention to the restoration of the Order of the Temple and evidently considered it his life work.
... In 1763 a fellow named Leucht, going under the name of Johnson, who had got hold of some Masonic papers relating to Masonry proper, as well as the high degrees, appeared
at Jena where there was a Clermont Chapter practicing the Templar degrees in the Strict Observance system, and stated that he had a commission from the Sovereign Chapter in Scotland to reform the German Lodges and impart the true secrets of Masonry ...
An Order called the Clerics turned up and it was supposed for a time that the lost secrets were with it. ... This convention took place at Brunswick and was in session from May 23 to July 6, 1775. ... Baron Von Gugumos was at the Brunswick convention and told different members of it that they were all on the wrong track; that the Strict Observance was an imitation, or rather, only a branch of the true Order, and possessed none of the real secrets; ...
The Convention of Wiesbaden ... on Aug. 15, 1776,
with the consent the Prince of Nassau-Usingen, but without that of the Duke of Brunswick. Among those present was the sovereign, the Duke of Nassau; also the Duke of Gotha, the Landgraves Ludwig and George, and many other nobles of lesser note. At one time there was not less than twelve reigning sovereign Princes of Germany members of the Rite of the Strict Observance ...
Baron Von Hund died on Oct. 28, 1776 ...
In 1782 the Rite of Strict Observance was reorganized by Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, who was elected Grand Master General. The next year, however, the Lodge of the Three Globes of Berlin, with all of its subordinate lodges and the Hamburg Lodges, withdrew from the Strict Observance ...",
acc. to 'blog.templarhistory.com' by Burton E. Bennett [born 1863 in North Brookfield, New York; 1887, United States, Attorney for Alaska].

TRUBETSKOY Nikolai Nikitich (1744-1821) is known as a close friend of Novikov and one of the main members of society Martinists.
In 1796 Paul I sent him to the Voronezh province, but he was soon appointed as a senator in Moscow Senate.
This MARTINIST Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the XVIII century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany.
Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as
the Duke of Brunswick,
Duke Kassalsky,
Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Many of the members were the Russians:
Lopuhin Ivan,
Ivan Turgenev,
Kutuzov,
Tatishchev,
Chebotarev, etc.

His brother Prince Yuri Nikitich, who was also a member of society Martinists, had a name Neasta (Neastes).

You will look at interesting connections and not only, genealogical:
von Korff family from Courland; the Armand family from Moscow; here is a known step towards general Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Artur Potocki, the Templar] and Apolon Konstantynowicz, together with Lenin [+ Inessa Armand] and Anna Konstantynowicz; and Cagliostro in Konigsberg and Mitau in Courland in February - March 1779, and St Petersburg in 1779-1780. And Cagliostro - a visit of Tadeusz Grabianka in London - and again the Breguet family and Edward Brown of London appear: and we have just returned to the air-telegraph-military company Duflon & Konstantinovich in St Petersburg and Zaporozhe in Russia.

So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Pilsudski.

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.

Joachim Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791 [Paul the 1st = Paul the 2nd ?].

General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire.
Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !].
Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

Also, the merchant Paul Armand / Pavel Armand was entered into the 3rd Guild (arrived in 1808, March) from foreigners of the French nation; resident of the Butcher's part in the house of Tolbukhin. He has wife Angelica Karlova, 44 years old.

It was expulsion of a group of foreigners (including Armand-father: PAUL ARMAND) from Moscow in 1812.

When the French and Russian troops stayed near Moscow, according to the writer N. Dubrovin in the book "1812 in the letters ...", "General Korff (Fedor Karlovich, baron, Russian adjutant general, 1774 - 1826), a man worthy of respect ... met at outposts with General Armand. This conversation ...:
'We are really very tired of this war', give us a passport (meaning the document on concluding peace on the specific conditions...), ... said General Armand. 'No general,' answered Korf, 'you have invited uninvited people to us'... [then] said General Armand - 'is it not a pity that two nations respecting one another ... we will apologize for being the instigators...'. 'So,' replied General Korf, 'we believe that you have learned to respect us lately, but could you, the general, respect us, if we allowed you to leave with a weapon in hand?' Armand - 'it is clear there is nothing to talk with you more about the world and it will not be possible for us to agree'."

Fyodor Karlovich Korf or Korff (1773 - 1823) led a Russian cavalry corps in 1812-1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. He was talking with general Paul ARMAND close to Moscow.

At the same time [or after this talk ...] Paul Armand was exiled to Nizhny Novgorod.
Inf. on General Armand, acc. to the General Armorial of the French Empire, published in Paris in early 1812: Armand - Colonel of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of Line Troops. Evidently during the Russian campaign he was promoted to the rank of General. The Chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor. The Baron of the Empire. Here is the description of the coat of arms of Baron Armand.

Eugene Ivanovich (Louis-Eugene) Armand (1809 - 1890, in Pushkino), the grandson of Paul Armand, was the first of the family to produce for trade a fashionable goods, and created a technological line for the production of components of chemical agents used in the process finishing and dyeing fabrics.

Mentioned
Fedor = Fyodor Karlovich Korf or Korff in 1807 led a cavalry brigade in the 4th Division at Eylau. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812 he commanded the II Cavalry Corps at Borodino. In 1813 he led the I Cavalry Corps at the Katzbach and Leipzig. In 1814 he led his horsemen at Laon, Fere-Champenoise and Paris.
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Baron Korff (1773 - 1823) was born in Virginahlen in Courland, the son of
Nikolaus Karl von Korff, of Preekuln and Juliane Jakobine von Behr.
Husband of Ekaterina Grigor'evna.
Father of PAVEL KORFF [1812 - 1831].
Brother of Hermann Korff.
Above Nikolaus Karl von Korff, of Preekuln - b. 1748 in Kreuzburg, the Polish Livland,
was the son of
Benjamin Christian von Korff and Julianne Louise von Korff (born Keyserling).

NIKOLAUS married Constantia Sibylla von Keyserlingk and Juliane Jakobine von Behr;
and Nikolaus was the father of
Hermann Korff and
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Korff
[acc. to Timo Antero].

Above
Carl Nicolaus Korff, Baron, b. in Kreuzburg in 1748. Kreutzburg = Jekabpils, Latvia. Jekabpils / Jakubow, is a city in southeastern Latvia, at halfway between Riga and Daugavpils. He died in 1814.
Father - Benjamin Christian, of Preekuln in Courland, died in 1749;
mother: Julianne = Julianna Lowisa, nee Keyserling.

Carl Nicolaus Korff, Baron, m. 1st Constantia Sibylla v. Keyserling; 2nd to Julianna Jacobina v. Behr.
Carl Nicolaus in 1764 studied; Nikolaus Karl von Korff in 1770 was Chamberlain [chancellor]. 1790-1796 country representative. Deputat in 1790, 1791 until 1795. In Grodno, Warsaw and in St. Petersburg. 1795 in St. Petersburg. 1796-97 Governor of Courland / Kurland.

Above
Benjamin Christian Korff, of Preekuln, 1724 - 1748,
the son of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron and Constantia Ursula.
Husband of Julianne Louise Keyserling.
Father of Nikolaus Karl von Korff.
Brother of
Emerentia Eleonore;
Margaretha Constantia;
Friedrich Sigismund von Korff of Schonberg and Nerfft;
Nicolaus Ernst Baron von Korff;
Luisa Dorothea.
Acc. to Peter Trefilov.

Vencavu / Vencavai with Pazemiu and Juozapava and many of the surrounding villages (in 1823) for the 13,760 rubles acquired Count Krzysztof Wereszczynski / Verescinskas Christopher and his wife Honorata Oskierkaite / Honorata Oskierko nee Benislawska = Honorata Oskierka Wereszczynska Benislawska.

Honorata Benislawska born ca 1780, married 1 st in 1800 to Jan Oskierka b. ca 1780, son of Ludwik Oskierka / Oskierko b. ca 1760
{Ludwik Oskierka's grandparents:
Antoni Oskierka 1670/1680-1734 [see below on MIEZONKA of the Konstantynowiczs];
Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda [the daughter of Adam Kolenda ie. Adam Kolendo - Stadnicki; she was born ca 1690, and was married to Antoni Oskierka];
Michal Jerzy Tyzenhauz; Anna Barbara Bychowiec}
and Ludwika Niemirowicz-Szczytt

{Ludwika Niemirowicz's grandparents:
Jan Krzysztof Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1700-1756/1771; Ludwika Pac 1710-1789; Count Jozef Butler 1710-1749; Teresa Urbanska};

with children:

1. Dominik Oskierka of Wolkowysk, the 2nd, b. 1810 m. Anna Wollowicz

(Anna WOLLOWICZ was daughter of Kazimierz Wollowicz 1779-1849 and Maria Felkerzamb born 1788
[Anna had brother Michal Wollowicz 1805 - 1833];

granddaughter of
Michal Wincenty Wollowicz b. ca 1740

[Kazimierz Wollowicz senior - the Slonim Marshal, b. ca 1720 ?, died November 1790 in Slonim, with wife Ludwika, had above son Michal Wincenty Wollowicz with wife Petronella]

with Petronela / Petronella Swiecicka, and

Adam Ewald Felkerzamb 1734-1794 the Inflanty governor 1790-1794, the Witebsk governor 1787-1790, the chamberlain of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski,
with

Ewa Marianna Oskierka 1753-1825;

the great-granddaughter of
Henryk Ewald Felkerzamb 1690-1758 with his wife Elisabeth Helene Witten / Elzbieta Helena von Witten b. ca 1700)

and above ANNA WOLLOWICZ was born 1809;

2.

Pamela OSKIERKA, b. 1810 m. Konstanty Krzywicki 1805-1865.

Above mentioned
Eva Oskierko / Ewa Oskierka / Ewa Marianna Oskierka 1753-1825, died in Essern west of Hannover, wife of Adam Ewald Felkersam / Adam Ewald Felkerzamb 1734-1794;
mother of Adam von Felkersam;
Anton von Felkersam

[Anton Felkersam b. 1784 d. 1832 in Saint Petersburg, husband of Rosalie;
father of Xavera Bsse. von Korff nee FELKERSAM

{Xavera Korff 1809 - 1874, wife of
Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ferdinand Paridon Baron von Korff
and mother of
Rosalie Drugowin;
Marie Somerset-Rosetter

(wife of Fyodor Somerset-Rosetter / Fedor, 1782 officer, in 1793 served the Tver regiment as Colonel - inf. 1796);

Modest Korff; Eugene Korff; Paul Carl Korff; Alexander Bar. von Korff and Victor Alexander; inf. by Peter Trefilov in 2015 at www.geni.com}];

Marianna von Felkersam / Maria Felkerzamb born 1788
and Benedicta von Felkersam;
inf. under copyright by Elle Kiiker at geni.com.

Above
Marianna von Felkersam b. circa 1788, was wife of Stefan Mikulski / Stephan Mikulski b. ca 1780,
and mentioned above Kazimierz WOLLOWICZ / Kasimir Wollowicz;
mother of
Michal / Michail Wollowicz 1805-1833
{Michal Wollowicz fought close to Grodno - see the Wollowicz family and the area close to Wola Pszczolecka. More below !};
Paulina Wollowicz (b. 1806, d. 1881, m. Stanislaw Jagmin, the Kobryn Marshal, 1796-1864, with children:
Maria Jezierska b. 1840, and Kazimierz Jagmin b. 1841)
and
Anna Wollowicz Oskierka - Anna b. 1809 was daughter of Kazimierz Wollowicz 1779-1849 and Marianna / Maria Felkerzamb born 1788.

Above
Paridon Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ferdinand Baron von Korff, 1801 - 1867,
the son of Adam Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich Sigismund Baron Korff and Wilhelmine Antoinette Dorothea Ernestine.
Husband of Xavera.
Father of
Rosalie Drugowin;
Marie Somerset-Rosetter;
Modest von Korff;
Eugen von Korff;
Paul Carl.
Brother of
Nicolaus Friedrich Wilhelm Sigismund Baron Korff; Alexander Nicolaus Heinrich Friedrich; Leopold Friedrich Cazimir Karl; and Julius Wilhelm Friedrich.
Half brother of Olga; Elisaveta Fedorovna Kuhler; and Fyodor -
copyright by Peter Trefilov in 2017.

Above
Adam Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich Sigismund Korff b. 1760, d. 1813 in Jelgava.
Son of Friedrich Sigismund von Korff.

Above
Friedrich Sigismund von Korff of Schonberg and Nerfft, b. 1730 in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Berlin.

Son of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron [b. 1682, the son of Nicolaus VI Baron Korff / Mikalojus Fon Korfas, b. 1648].

Brother of Benjamin Christian Korff, of Preekuln.

Above Benjamin Christian Korff, was the father of Nikolaus Karl von Korff.

Above
Nikolaus Karl von Korff, b. 1748, husband of Constantia Sibylla von Keyserlingk and Juliane Jakobine von Behr.
Father of Hermann Korff and
Friedrich Nikolai Georg (Fedor Karlovich) Korff.

Nicolaus V Korff was the heir of the landed property. His eldest son Christian III (b. 1676), died without descendants.
His brother Nicolaus VI. He had three sons,
Benjamin Christian,
Friedrich Siegmund and
Nicolaus Ernst, progenitor of three other lines.

The line of Benjamin Christian (1724-1748) went out with the death of his grandson Hermann (1773-1834).

Frederick Sigmund (1730-1797), imperial Russian Privy Council, founded the branch Brucken-Schoenberg.

Nicolaus Ernst (1734-1787), a royal Polish chamberlain, founded the Kreutzburger line, which remained until 1920 in the possession of Kreutzburg.

The Armand family, who since 1799 wanted to settle in Moscow, met with General Franciszek Paszkowski, through the family Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and his son - Alphonse de Bauffremont / prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.
Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont-Courtenay and [then he was Baron] General Armand were in Russia in 1791. So, 29 year-old general Paul Armand [Paul 1st] came from Paris together with Alexandre, the Marquis de Courtenay.

Paul Armand [Paul 2nd, wine merchant], 1760 - 1835, or was born in 1762, was the first in Russia in 1791.

General Paul Armand [Baron, the 1st], in Russia in 1791, but Jean-Louis Armand [he was the son of Paul Armand, the 2nd] was the first in Russia in 1799.

Mentioned Alexandre de Bauffremont [de Bauffremont-Courtenay], born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide-de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813]. During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.

Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:

The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay". However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.
Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.

JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul Francois of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), son of JOSEPH [not of Louis] served under the Bourbons. He fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain, served in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?].
He later returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818.

Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois had 2 sons:
Alphonse (1792-1860), 2nd Duke of Bauffremont;
Theodore (1793-1852).

Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !]. Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812, under MURAT as his aide- de-camp [see: Wincenty Aksamitowski of the Murat Staff],
as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813].
During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches.
Named Alphonse de Bauffremont and General Franciszek Paszkowski were together adjutants / aide-de-camp of Marshal Joachim Murat.
Murat and Jozef Sulkowski were adjutants of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Dominik Paszkowski born 1783 in Brody, the Lwow province, was the half-brother to Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski (b. 1778 in BRODY), general, who was the friend of MURAT and KOSCIUSZKO;
General Franciszek Paszkowski was the first son of JAN Paszkowski of MOKRSKO.

A strongest organization in the region of Napoli / Naples was the Carbonari movement in 1820; they proclaimed a constitutional monarchy in Naples. King Ferdinand I accepted vision of social revolution political changes. Vienna and the Holy Alliance directed intervention against the revolution in 1821. Reintroduced the absolute rule of Ferdinand I.

There are many theories about the creation of the Carbonari movement;
creators were to be French Freemasons in opposition to the Masonic Swedish Rite or officers who came to Italy with Joseph Bonaparte and Murat to propagate fighting with the reign of Ferdinand IV; there is also a view that English created in Sicily the Carbonari movement, either Queen Maria Carolina of Austria or the Italian Illuminati - at the end of the eighteenth century.

Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was in USA in 1794-1795/1796.
He was the owner of the castle of Scey-sur-Saone. Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833) was prince-duke of Bauffremont. Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH [not of Louis - Joseph's brother - see below !] who was served under the Bourbons.
Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791 or in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792. Alexandre de Bauffremont served during the campaigns of 1793 [Champagne] and 1794 [Pyrenees] as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?]. Remember: Koblenz in 1789/1790. RUSSIA - 1790-1791 [with ARMAND] or in 1791 [see below more on ARMAND].
He then took service in Spain with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1792 - 1793. Alexandre de Bauffremont obtained in 1795 his removal from the list of emigrants. 1794 - 1795 in USA. He then in 1795 or in 1796 returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818. Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, b. 1773 in Paris, was the son of
Joseph de Bauffremont, prince de Listenois and Louise Benigne de Bauffremont;
husband of Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons:
Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay,
and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay.

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay was the brother of Helene Choiseul d'Aillecourt and Hortense Genevieve Marie Anne de Narbonne-Lara / de Ferrari - inf. by George J. Homs in May 2018 at geni.com.
In 1787, Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois, married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen de La Vauguyon. He emigrated to Koblenz on the French Revolution in 1789. In 1792- 1792 he was living in MADRID with the wife. But rallied to Napoleon and accepted the title of comte de l'Empire. He was made a peer of France in 1815 by Louis XVIII.

The ARMAND family from Moscow [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski] and the French roots of the Konstantynowicz family [Anna Armand Konstantynowicz and Inessa Armand - Lenin Uljanov] - Prometheism / PROMETHEISM of Poles in Russia, 1877/1878 - 1904:

Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution.

Paul Armand b. ca 1762 was a prosperous farmer in Normandie and sympathized royalists. He, settling in Paris, opened the building workshop; there he married Angelica, b. 1767, the daughter of Charles from Alsatie; he decided to build his commerce on the French wines trade in Russia. Once the ship crashed in the Bay of Biscay and it ruined family of Armand in 1791. But Paul soon had good commercial relations in shipping ports of south France (Nice and Marseille probably).

The 29 year-old General Paul Armand, in 1791 [but Jean-Louis Armand was in Russia in 1799], came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay [see below].

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH, who was served under the Bourbons. Alexandre de Bauffremont fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz in 1789-1790, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1790-1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain in 1792.

PAUL ARMAND had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine in 1791. After the shipwreck of wine in the Bay of Biscay, Armand transfered trade of wines to the Mediterranean ports of France, in 1792/1793, it took place perhaps during the continental blockade taken by England against Napoleon. Then, after 1815, the trade lasted maybe until the Crimean War in the 50's of the 19th century.

Paul Armand ran the wine trade through the ports in the south of France to Russia: a probable route from Marseille - Nice - after Italian Naples - Smyrna / Smyrne (see the Ralli Brothers from London, Marseille, India) in Turkey? - Crimea / Krym, where the Armand family had a very good trade agreements.

A Demonsi / Demontet family ran in Moscow and in KAZAN a sales of these French wines.

According to one version, Paul Armand was a shoemaker who had fled to Russia from the French Revolution. According to another version,
Paul died on a road and his son Alexander to get to Moscow.
But it is necessary to go to the old German cemetery, were we find the grave of the first Armand who moved to Russia from France.
... Paul Armand 1760 - 1835,
Marie Barbe Armand, nee Collignon 1774 - 1872,
Jean-Louis Armand 1786 - 1855,
Jeanne Angelique Armand 1765 - 1813,
Paul Felix Armand, 06.06.1816 - 03.08.1817.

The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay.

Armand was not married ... He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine.

When Paul Armand married [ca 1783 / 1785], he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats at first. Near to the fashionable shop of Armand in MOSCOW, was trading house of DEMONSI / Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.

Mentioned above Jean-Louis Armand, from his first marriage [ca 1806] to Elizabeth Osipovna (1786 / 1788 - 1817), Sabine called her, had a son Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809.

From his second marriage, Jean-Louis and Marie-Barbe, nee Collignon (1780 - 1872) had a daughter Sophia, married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hoecke/ Hacker [compare HACKER in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company].

Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:

The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay". However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.

Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.

JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul Francois of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.

And see on:
Paul Francois de Quelen de Stuer de Caussade (1746 - 1828 in Paris), the Marquis de Saint-Maigrin, then the Duke de Saint-Maigrin, then the Duke de La Vauguyon and the Duke de Caussade. His father was Antoine de Qeelen, Prince de Vauguyon, diplomat and French politician. As a politician, PAUL was associated with the conservative group of opponents of Finance Minister Jacques Necker. French ambassador in the Netherlands in 1777-1784. In 1785-1791, Ambassador of France in Madrid. In September 1791 by Louis XVI, he became a diplomat on the services of aristocratic French emigres. He urged the Spanish minister Count Floridablanca to make pro-French intervention in France; and he had a correspondence contact with the king of Sweden, Gustav III, to prepare the anti-revolutionary war. In the period from July 13, 1789 to July 16, 1789 he was the French secretary of foreign affairs. In 1766, he married Antoinette Rosalie de Pons in Paris, the daughter of Charles Armand de Pons, Viscount de Pons, Count de Roquefort and Gabrielle Rosalie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil.

The daughter of Vauguyon and Antoinette was
Marie Antoinette de Quelen de Stuer de Causade de la Vauguyon (1771-1847), who in Spain (on 27 September 1787 in San Ildefonso) married [a representative of royalist emigration] Alexandre, the Duke Bauffremont- Courtenay (1773-1833).

Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), was the son of JOSEPH.

But we have 2nd source:
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay married Pauline de Quelen de La Vaugyuyon in 1787, born in 1771 and died in 1847 [ie. Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons: Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay, and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay], daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen, Duke of La Vauguyon, Prince of Carency, and Antoinette de Pons de Roquefort. His children were Alphonse, who follows, and Theodore.

And acc. to a Russian source in Moscow in 2005:
"The Great French Revolution of 1789 was completed and the persecution began against representatives of the noble families of France. Among them the family of the Marquis De Courtenay was. The head of this family named Francois was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris. He came from Strasbourg (the main city of the province of Alsace). Having collected the most valuable of his works and equipping the carriages, Francois [maybe Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay] and his family, and Paul Armand, left France in the direction of Russia. Passing through the borders, and overcome ... terrible Russian roads, they finally reached Moscow. At first they were jointly settled in rented apartments, but later their activities went in different directions".
This family legend of the Courtener / de Bauffremont-Courtenay family shows that the social position of the family Armand and Courtenay were close.
... F. Tasteven show the time of the appearance of Francois Courtenay in Russia in 1793 - 1794.

Jean-Louis Armand, from the first marriage with Elizaveta Osipovna (1788 - 1817) called Sabina, had a son Eugene ARMAND born in 1809.
From the second marriage of Jean-Louis Armand with Marie-Barbe Colignon (1780 - 1872) was born the daughter Sophia Armand, who later married Swede, Osip Hecke / Hacker (according to other sources Hecke).

Revizsky show that in Moscow in 1811 in the 3rd guild of the Moscow merchants, Jean-Louis Armand was inscribed as 24 years;
his son Louis - 2 years 10 months; both the French nation; residents of the Butcher's part in the house of Mr. Tolbukhin.
His wife Elizaveta Osipovna is 24 years old and the daughter of Elizabeth is 4 years old.

Also, the merchant Paul Armand / Pavel Armand was entered into the 3rd Guild (arrived in 1808, March) from foreigners of the French nation; resident of the Butcher's part in the house of Tolbukhin.
He has wife Angelica Karlova, 44 years old.

It was expulsion of a group of foreigners (including Armand-father) from Moscow in 1812.

When the French and Russian troops stayed near Moscow, according to the writer N. Dubrovin in the book "1812 in the letters ...", "General Korff (Fedor Karlovich, baron, Russian adjutant general, 1774 - 1826), a man worthy of respect ... met at outposts with General Armand. This conversation ...: 'We are really very tired of this war', give us a passport (meaning the document on concluding peace on the specific conditions...), ... said General Armand. 'No general,' answered Korf, 'you have invited uninvited people to us'... said General Armand - 'is it not a pity that two nations respecting one another ... we will apologize for being the instigators...'. 'So,' replied General Korf, 'we believe that you have learned to respect us lately, but could you, the general, respect us, if we allowed you to leave with a weapon in hand?' Armand - 'it is clear there is nothing to talk with you more about the world and it will not be possible for us to agree'."

At the same time Paul Armand was exiled to Nizhny Novgorod.
Inf. on General Armand, acc. to the General Armorial of the French Empire, published in Paris in early 1812: Armand - Colonel of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of Line Troops. Evidently during the Russian campaign he was promoted to the rank of General. The Chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor. The Baron of the Empire. Here is the description of the coat of arms of Baron Armand.

Eugene Ivanovich (Louis-Eugene) Armand (1809 - 1890, in Pushkino), the grandson of Paul Armand, was the first of the family to produce for trade a fashionable goods, and created a technological line for the production of components of chemical agents used in the process finishing and dyeing fabrics. The factory-workshop was located at Novo-Basmannaya, 23. This was the very beginning of the 40s of the XIX century. Later, Eugene Ivanovich worked in the factories of the Moscow region. Armand lived in the village of Ivanteevka.

We back to named the family of Bauffremont;
they kept the lordship of Scey-sur-Saone until the Revolution and the property of Scey-sur-Saone until the end of the 19th century. The castle of Scey-sur-Saone was built in 1561, for Claude Bauffremont, bishop from Troyes. A new castle in Scey-sur-Saone was designed in 1697 by Jean-Baptiste Bouchardon (1667-1742) for Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733), abbot of Luxeuil and Saint-Paul de Besancon. Scey-sur-Saone, Ovanches or Chassey the Scey depended on the parish of Saint Albin. La Maison de Bauffremont, ie. The Bauffremont House / Family, counted two knights of the Holy Spirit and four of the Golden Fleece, is an old noble family from Upper Lorraine. Created in 1673, Bauffremont Dragons - "the oldest regiment of gentlemen", until 1773. Bauffremont Dragons then became Lorraine Dragons, then 9th regiment of dragoons.

Louis de Bauffremont, Marquis, then Prince de Bauffremont, born in 1712 and died in 1769. He married in 1735 Marie France de Tenarre, Duchess of Atri.
His child was Louise Benigne.

Joseph de Bauffremont, born in 1714 and died in 1781, vice-admiral, prince with all his descendants of the Holy Roman Empire in 1757 in Vienna. In 1762 he married Louise Benigne de Bauffremont, his niece.
His children were:
Joseph Henri, Alexandre who follows, Helene, Adelaide and Hortense.

Above Alexandre de Bauffremont, born in 1773 and died in 1833, prince de Bauffremont, marquis of Bauffremont and Listenois, peer of France in 1787, duke and peer in 1818, knight of Saint-Louis, emigrated to Koblenz but rallied to Napoleon I who made him count Empire. He married Pauline de Quelen de La Vaugyuyon in 1787, born in 1771 and died in 1847 [ie. Marie Antoinette Rosalie Pauline de Quelen with 2 sons: Alphonse Charles Jean 2nd Prince-Duc de Bauffremont Courtenay, and Theodore, prince de Bauffremont Courtenay],
daughter of Paul Francois de Quelen, Duke of La Vauguyon, Prince of Carency, and Antoinette de Pons de Roquefort. His children were Alphonse, who follows, and Theodore.

Mentioned above Alphonse de Bauffremont, born in 1792 and died in 1860, duke of Bauffremont, prince of Bauffremont, peer of France, prince of Carency, knight of Saint-Louis, was created count by Napoleon and became aide-de-camp of Murat [see JOZEF SULKOWSKI and General FRANCISZEK PASZKOWSKI !].

Alphonse de Bauffremont distinguished himself at the Battle of the Moskowa, in 1812 [with General ARMAND ! - with ALPHONSE or with his father Aleksandre in 1790/1791 ?] under MURAT as his aide-de-camp, as well as in the Saxony campaign in 1813 [Dresde / Dresden / Drezno in 1813].

During the Hundred Days, Alphonse de Bauffremont was instructed by Murat to bring Napoleon confidential dispatches. As Alphonse de Bauffremont was returning to Italy, the Austrian police arrested him in TURIN, and sent him to Paris in 1815.
Later, Alphonse de Bauffremont took some time of service in the Russian army in 1815 [or after; under Emperor Aleksandr I] until 1821 [in 1822 he was in ITALY - compare OGINSKI !]. "... Bienlot poursuivi par le souvenir de sa patrie, il quitta pour elle la Russie, et se retira aupres du prince, son pere, a Scey-sur-Saone..." [Bientot pursued ... Alphonse de Bauffremont left Russia ... and retired to his father, at Scey-sur-Saone].

Alphonse de Bauffremont = Alphonse Charles Jean of Bauffremont-Courtenay, Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire, marquis of Bauffremont and Listenois, second Duke of Bauffremont (1833), is a French soldier and politician [copyright by Wikipedia], born in Madrid (Spain) in 1792 and died in Paris in 1860. ALPHONSE was the son of mentioned above Alexander de Bauffremont-Courtenay (1773-1833), Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire, first Duke of Bauffremont, and the Princess Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847). Alphonse de Bauffremont married the June 16, 1822 in Livorno (Grand Duchy of Tuscany), to Catherine Isabella Moncada (1795-1878), daughter Jean Louis Moncada, Prince of Paterno and Jeanne des Baux. They had two children: Roger (1823-1891), third Duke of Bauffremont, and Paul Francois Charles (1827-1893), Prince of Bauffremont and the Holy Roman Empire.
Under the First Empire, he became aide-de-camp to Marshal Murat.
In 1815 he is charged by MARSHAL Murat [see the MASONRY in ITALY !] to bring to Napoleon confidential dispatches. He returned to Italy in 1815/1816 or 1821/1822. A decree of January 26, 1852, called him to sit in the Senate.

We back to ancestors:
Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733) destroyed the old castle in Scey-sur-Saone and it was build a new castle (the work lasted until 1710). Charles-Emmanuel de Bauffremont (1644-1733) died at the castle in Scey-sur-Saone. During the Revolution the castle in Scey-sur-Saone became a military hospital and it was burned in the night of October 12, 1795. The fire was the cause of a lawsuit initiated in 1796 by Alexandre de Bauffremont (1773-1833), first duke in 1817, and this lawsuit was won against the Republic in 1803.

Compare:
1.
"... Salomons' biography records that Marat and Breguet were at the house of a mutual friend one day when an angry crowd gathered outside, shouting "Down with Marat!", but Breguet contrived their escape by disguising Marat as an old woman, and they left the house arm in arm, unmolested.
In 1793 Marat discovered that Breguet was marked for the guillotine, possibly because of his friendship with Abbe Marie, and his association with the royal court; in return for his own earlier rescue, Marat arranged for a safe-pass that enabled Breguet to escape to Switzerland, from where he travelled to England.
He remained there for two years, during which time he worked for King George III.

When the political scene in France stabilised, Breguet returned to Paris. In 1795 Breguet returned to Paris with many ideas for innovations in watch and clock making..." [all above copyright by Wikipedia].

2.
TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO returned to France in 1798:

The French Consul informed his government of this two days after the General's arrival ... on his arrival in Paris, the General told the officers of the Polish legions who welcomed him:

"I want to be ever and inseparably with you. I want to join you to serve our common country. Like you I have fought for the country, like you I have suffered, like you I expect to regain it. This hope is the only solace of my life." Jefferson, ... treated Kosciuszko as an informal envoy from the United States to France. Kosciuszko later wrote:

"Jefferson considered that I would be the most effective intermediary in bringing an accord with France, so I accepted the mission even if without any official authorization."

Jefferson helped him obtain a passport under the assumed name of Thomas Kanberg.
Kosciuszko, ... about securing his passage, frequently importuned Jefferson to hurry. ... The two men agreed upon a cipher or code in which they could correspond, though, as it turned out, they did not actually use it. Kosciuszko gave Jefferson power of attorney to act for him in all business concerning his property in the United States ...

Dr. Benjamin Rush, his Philadelphia friend and physician, when reporting the General's wounds almost healed, though he would always limp slightly, had added: "Every step he takes will remind him of his patriotism and bravery."

For the next twenty years, Jefferson and Kosciuszko corresponded, usually several times a year. Part of this exchange was over business. Although Jefferson had turned the General's funds over to John Barnes, an excellent Philadelphia banker... Through the years, Kosciuszko confined his letters chiefly to business. He usually wrote in French with considerable misspelling and bad grammar. Kosciuszko's opinion of Jefferson remained high. When the Virginian was nominated for the presidency, the Pole urged him to be "always good, true American a Philosopher and my Friend," and again: "Do not forget in your post be always the virtuous Republican with justice and probity without pomp and ambition in a word be Jefferson and my friend." ...

When Kosciuszko returned to France in 1798, he wrote the Czar a strong letter, which he gave to the newspapers, revoking his oath not to resist him on the grounds that the Czar's ministers had exacted that promise by terror and against his free will. This letter infuriated Paul and resulted in reprisals against the families of leading Polish emigres, including Niemcewicz's.

Kosciuszko served for a time as a kind of ambassador of the Polish legions with the French Directory; he was known as "chief of the Polish nation." Two legions based in Italy... and Kosciuszko helped organize a third unit, the Legion of the Danube.

After Napoleon assumed dictatorial powers under the coup d'etat of November, 1799, Kosciuszko developed a deep distrust of him. ... Napoleon had failed to meet his demands for an independent nation, a constitution based on the British model, and freedom and lands for the serfs.

On the other hand, Julian Niemcewicz, who had married and settled in New Jersey, ... enlisted Jefferson's help in securing a passport to Poland so that he might fulfill "a sacred duty to hasten to my post, and join my feeble Services to those my Countrymen undertake." ...
Kosciuszko sadly returned to exile, this time in Switzerland.
In his letter of April, 1816, he explained to Jefferson what happened:
Tsar Alexander promised me to enlarge the Duchy of Warsaw to the Dzwina [Dvina] and Dnieper, our former limits, but his ministers refused to carry out his generous and magnanimous plans, and unfortunately the Kingdom of Poland is smaller by a good third than the Duchy of Warsaw.
Tsar Alexander pledged me a constitutional government liberal and independent and even to enfranchise our unfortunate serfs and give them their land.

The Japaridse / Djaparidze - Dadiani / Dadian - Saparian / Saparov + ARMAND + Konstantynowicz - Oldenburg + Romanov branch:

Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868 or after!), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze / Konstantin Japaridse.

Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze was the brother of named above Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Japaridze.

Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to mentioned Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand (Inessa Armand relatives).
Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV / Saparian was the daughter of Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), and his wife Varvara Maypariani.

Ivan Iaparidze and AGRAFINA were children of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze
(Ivan b. ca 1860; his father Konstantyn / Constantin / Constantine Japaridse died in 1860 !) from the upper Racha region of Georgia.

Ivan Japaridze b. ca 1860, had sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau, b. 1855, nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze.
Constantine married Melania Japaridze.

Lev Armand was the son of Emil E. ARMAND and his wife Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.

Emil Armand was the brother of Eugene ARMAND of Moscow.

Emil Armand had six children.

LEW ARMAND / Leo Armand (1880 - 1942) married to TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE / Saparova Tamara Arkadevna Japaridze. Lew / Leo Emilievich ARMAND was the 2nd husband of Tamara Japaridse.

Above Agrafina Japaridse married 1st Tariel Dadiani. She was 2nd wife of named TARIEL / Tarieli Dadiani. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani. And in 1882, Constantine OLDENBURG entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze-Dadiani.

Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838, the daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria.
Tarieli's father:
Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani.
And his grandfather:
Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764 - Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia.

Mentioned Princess Agrafina JAPARIDSE / Japaridze-Dadiani married 2nd Konstantin's son ie. Constantine Oldenburg / Constantin of Oldenburg (b. 1850, St. Petersburg - died in 1906 in Nice, France).

AGRAFINA JAPARIDSE DADIANI / Agrafena Djaparidze, was created Countess von Zarnekau.

Above Constantin of Oldenburg (b. 1850, St. Petersburg - died in 1906 in Nice, France) came from
Peter OLDENBURG and Frederica who had two sons:
August (born in 1783) and
George / Georg (born in 1784), ie. Paul Friedrich August, Grand Duke of Oldenburg;
and Duke Georg Peter Friedrich of Oldenburg.

GEORG OLDENBURG married Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, ROMANOV.

GEORG's son was Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (1812 in Yaroslavl, Russian Empire - 1881 in St. Petersburg) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg.

"[copyright by Wikipedia on Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg]
He was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as
grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.

His great-great grandson, Nicholas Romanov, was the President of the Romanov Family Association until his death in 2014".

KONSTANTIN's [ie. Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg] daughter -
Alexandra of Oldenburg (1838, St. Petersburg - 1900 Kiev, Ukraine), m. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831-1891), ROMANOV.

Konstantin's son -
above named Constantin of Oldenburg (1850, St. Petersburg - 1906 in Nice, France), married AGRAFINA JAPARIDSE / Agrafena Djaparidze, created Countess von Zarnekau.

See Armand - Konstantynowicz home in Moscow.

Network:

the King of Naples, Marshal Joachim Murat - General Armand - General Axamitowski of Poznan - General Franciszek Paszkowski
[+ Maria Paszkowska Armand - Apolon Konstantynowicz - BREGUET] -
Colonel / General JAN DEMBOWSKI, the Freemason, the friend of Ignacy Potocki and Artur Potocki [of the Grand Orient in 1818] -
and from ARTUR POTOCKI to Wojciech Paszkowski + Br. Bystrzanowski and the Mark Masons Order
[and here the line to Kalinowski and Tadeusz Grabianka / Marcin Tarnowski / Stadnicki / Ilinski - the ILLUMINATI and the TEMPLARS]

+ Tadeusz Kosciuszko in 1776 [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski and General Stanislaw Fiszer (Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN)]:

Freemasonry in Italy:

"Grande Oriente d'Italia was founded in June of 1805 to Milan, and was set under the regency of Eugene Beauharnais. With the fall of the French empire and of its Murat's appendage in Naples, the Italian Freemasonry fell in a deep crisis. ... especially in Sicily".

"The extreme precedent dispersion of the Masonic groups, combined to the formation of 'secret societies' similar to the Freemasonry, but active on the political plain only, contributed to make difficult and hard- working the following Masonic reconstruction". (by Wikipedia) "The lodge founded in Milan in 1756 was quickly discovered by the Austrian authorities... However the lodge continued to exist and in 1783 joined the Grand Lodge of Vienna. ... In 1797, most of Northern Italy east of Piedmont and north of the Papal States became the Cisalpine Republic. ... The Grand Orient of France formed the new state's first lodge in Milan in 1801, and in 1805 Milan also hosted a Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. The Grand Orient of Naples amalgamated with the new body, and a new Grand Orient was born, recognised by Paris. ... By 1867 the Grand Orient was based in Florence ... Two Scottish Rite Councils existed in Palermo and one in Milan. Garibaldi personally intervened. His masonic congress in Naples in 1867 started a process of unification of the grand bodies ... when the Supreme Council of Palermo amalgamated with the Grand Orient".

Wincenty Aksamitowski
born 1760 in Nagorzany near Kamieniec Podolski [see Tadeusz Grabianka + Stadnicki], died in 1828 in Warsaw. The General of division of the army of the Warsaw Duchy. One of the most important masonic lodges operating at the French army was "Brothers from the Great Army." Wincenty Aksamitowski performed function in the office of the First Caretaker. Les Freres Anglais et Francais Reunis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, and it was subordinated to the French Grand Orient; consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; General Wincenty Axamitowski / Wincenty Aksamitowski was the champion for a long time.

General Wincenty Axamitowski / Wincenty Aksamitowski was the son of Ignacy Aksamitowski (Ignacy died in 1810), of Podole [see Kajetan Bystrzanowski and Jan Paszkowski], and Tekla de Witte;

GENERAL AXAMITOWSKI WAS THE GRANDSON OF General Jan de Witte.

{Jan de Witte senior, b. 1709, d. 1785, in Kamieniec Podolski [see Grabianka, Kalinowski, Tarnowski and Stadnicki]; Polish military engineer; Dutch origin, architect, representative of the Baroque, from 1781 general- lieutenant of the Crown troops; father of Joseph Witte.
Jan de Witte and his wife Marianna Lubonski were buried in the Catacombs of the Cathedral in Kamienec Podolsky.

Jan de Witte (1705-1785) - Commandant of the fortress and border strongholds in 1768-1785. Builder and defender of Kamienec Podolski;
co-operated with Lubomirski in Lviv, and in Rivne.

Jozef Zefiryn de Witte (Witt) Count, 1739 - 1815, General, the son of above JAN, senior.

Karolina Rozalia Tekla Sobanska nee Rzewuska (1793/1795 - 1885) - Countess, an agent of the Russian tsarist police, wife of Jerome Sobanski.
Carolina Rzewuska was born as a daughter of Adam Lawrence Rzewuski and her siblings were Ewelina Hanska, and Adam RZEWUSKI, Russian general. After completing education in Vienna, she married Jerome Sobanski, landowner close to Odessa; 1818 he met Karolina by General Ivan Osipovich de Witte / Jan de Witte. She participated in the social life of the city, and 1823 met Alexander Pushkin.
Pushkin fall in love with Sobanska.

The next exile, who found himself, surrounded by Witt and Sobanski, was Adam Mickiewicz.
Sobanska was known as a traitor; August to October 1825, Mickiewicz and Sobanski participated in the expedition to Crimea, but Woroncew arranged Mickiewicz's transfer to Moscow. In 1829 Mickiewicz probably thanks to her left Russia and went to Germany on board an English ship.

General Witt [Iwan Osipowicz de Witt, Jan de Witte junior, b. 1781, Kamieniec Podolski, d. 1840 in St Petersburg; General and Count; the son of named Jozef Zefiryn de Witte + Zofia Glavani]
was appointed martial law governor of Warsaw in 1831. General Witt was appointed as the military governor, while Nikolai Korff, one of the Baltic German generals, took over as the city commandant}.

Wincenty Aksamitowski in 1774 served the Polish army, a cadet at the School of Crown Artillery in Warsaw. A second lieutenant in 1781. He fought as captain in the war aginst Russia in 1792. The Poles in June 1797 formed two legions in ITALY, and artillery under the head of Vincent Aksamitowski.

Wincenty Aksamitowski was in 1812 the Governor of Poznan.
In the Moscow campaign of 1812, Wincenty Aksamitowski replaced the chief of staff of the king of Naples, Joachim Murat, and Wincenty Aksamitowski fought in the campaign of 1813.
Wincenty Aksamitowski fought at Lipsk and Hanau, then again in the service of J. Murat [see Franciszek Paszkowski and Jozef Sulkowski].
In the French campaign of 1814, he commanded the Brigade of General J. Defranca. After the fall of Napoleon he was the deputy chairman of the Central Council of Administration of the Polish Corps. In 1815 he returned to the country and was active in the army of the Kingdom of Poland.
In Paris, in 1802, Wincenty Aksamitowski was a graduate of the 33rd degree of the Scottish Rite of the upper classes [the TEMPLAR - see Artur Potocki]. The administrative steps rise from 31 to 33 degrees, creating the white Freemasonry. The Mason, entering the administrative stages, becomes a follower of the Gnostic monism (the belief that Lucifer is a god) and performs the function of authority over the Masons from the lower levels of initiation.
In 1803, Wincenty Aksamitowski co-operated with General Tadeusz Kosciuszko and his secretary Franciszek Maksymilian PASZKOWSKI.

The Scottish Rite
- one of the dominant and more extensive masonic rituals, deeply permeated by the tradition of Judaism. Despite the name, it was not created in Scotland, but in Napoleonic France. It has 33 degrees of initiation. Connected above all with regular freemasonry.

Wincenty Aksamitowski was the master of the Polish United Brothers of the Freemasonry, founded by General Alexander Rozniecki.
Wincenty Aksamitowski in 1820 was a great guardian of the Seals - of the National Polish Great East. He died in Warsaw 1828 or in 1829.

Wincenty Aksamitowski (1760-1829) and Michal Sokolnicki (1760-1816) represented the group of former legionaries, who after 1801 decided to enlist in the French army. Wincenty Aksamitowski the son of Aksamitowski Ignacy (1736 - 1771); married Aksamitowska Vincencja (1782 - 1838).

Wincenty Aksamitowski was the Great Seal keeper; he keeps a list of all the acts he has saved in the seals with the date of the order under which they were seized and the date of supply with stamps. Before him: 1815, Stanislaw Wegrzecki; 1819, Jozef Lubowidzki; and in 1820 Wincenty Aksamitowski; next was - 1821, Jozef Miklaszewski.

Officials of the Grand Orient, appointed by the Grand Master: there were also six officials from the East, appointed for a year by the master: speaker, secretary, master of rituals, hospice, Stuart and director of harmony. Samples:
1816, Ksawery Kossecki;
1820 - Stanislaw Potocki General;
1821, Wincenty Aksamitowski.

So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka. The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The first step to limit Russia to its ethnic territory was made by Jozef Sulkowski, then Adam Mickiewicz, and Israel Parvus from Berezina. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was the political movement of Jozef Pilsudski.

Remember here on connections:

Jozef Pilsudski - Andrzejak - Karol Zbieranowski - Marshal Marian Spychalski - Miezonka - Konstantynowicz, and then Moscow: General Franciszek Paszkowski - Armand - Demonsi of Kazan - Apolon Konstantynowicz + Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand - LENIN; and further Breguet - Duflon - Piotr Maleszewski - Michal Poniatowski - Venture de Paradise - and we return to Jozef Sulkowski; here, Marshal Murat and Napoleon Bonaparte; again from Marshal Jozef Pilsudski we have lines to Aldona Dzierzynski + Feliks Dzierzynski and Pilar Pilchau of Parnu / Parnawa - Oziemblowski and Terlecki.

And again, we return to Wojciech Paszkowski + Franciszek Paszkowski, but this time we are going to Sebastian Bystrzanowski in Trzebniow and the Templars in Scotland. We're joining Br. Bystrzanowski with George Washington. We similarly connect General Franciszek Paszkowski - General Tadeusz Kosciuszko - General Stanislaw Fiszer - and then Mielzynski of Chobienice - von Unruh / Niepokojczycki of Sluck and Kargowa - Oppeln-Bronikowski of Kunowo {Kiedrzynski}; Wojciech Paszkowski + Artur Potocki and again the Templars. Artur Potocki with a network of connections to Cracow / Krakow, Berezina / BEREZYNA, and Lubuszany close to Miezonka. And Miezonka: Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Oskierka, Prozor, Stafania Radziwill, and Chrapowicki of Swolna. And Chrapowicki of Swolna - this line leads to Wankowicz from Kaluzyca and to Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Swolna, Tallinn, and Moscow.

The structure of the Illuminati was taken over as a whole in the Spring of 1937 in the Soviet Union by Stalin and our enemies. This network of multi-country intelligence underwent degeneration and it transformed around 1961 into a globalist movement.

The main role is currently played - after 2015 - by Russia and China as the heirs of this globalist movement and Soviet ideology - currently the main enemies of Donald Trump, the USA and contemporary anti- Communist Poland.

My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century.

Initially it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British [1791], French [from the 40s of the 18th century] and Germans [1769/1776], and by the Polish independence conspiracy [was established 1792/1799] starting from a years 1870/1878.

Compare three dates: 1.
6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg.
2. 1870, Brown of London - takes over the Breguet company [below];
3. and the letter of 1871 from Albert Pike to Mazzini.

Only a curiosity - Ilinski in 1805 introduced Tadeusz Grabianka to St. Petersburg - and the granddaughters of this Ilinski family were associated with a credit bank in St. Petersburg, who gave loans to Duflon & Konstantynowicz, as well as to Nobel.
For example, for submarines and their electricity.

The Nobels and the Armands were on the board of directors to the Duflon & Konstantynowicz.

The Oldenburg family sold to the Duflon and Co. a lot of ground in St. Petersburg, and Popov worked on the side, etc. Oldenburg is part of Romanov family.

They bound themselves with Japaridze - Saparian / Saparov, and siblings of the Japaridzes were Armands, just children and grandchildren of Maria Paszkowska-Armand, the daughter of general Franciszek Paszkowski - he was the secretary of Kosciuszko together with Stanislaw Fiszer and together they cooperated with Aksamitowski;
Franciszek Paszkowski lived at Kosciuszko house near Paris and built a mound in Cracow. The House of Japaridze-Armand-Paszkowski-Konstantinovich in Moscow, this is a story remained in the memory of Zofia Konstantynowicz-Plaszczewska, as Georgians in "their family."

And now we back to the Mecinski of Jedlno
[a branch of the Stadnicki family, and after 1740 the Walewskis next of kin - the Masons] also they had Trzebniow - on the south-east from Czestochowa.

Then Trzebniow moved to the Bystrzanowskis. Bystrzanowski with Kosciuszko in 1776 sailed together to Martynika, and they crashed there and only they saved themselves!
French threw them to the colony of Britain - to George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.

Bystrzanowski was the head of the Masons Lodge, in which George Washington was a simple freemason.

And Kosciuszko went to Jefferson.

In Trzebniow already in the 19th century, Wojciech Paszkowski was the manager, the brother of above General Franciszek Paszkowski.

But Wojciech Paszkowski was also the manager of Krzeszowice near Krakow, the Artur Potocki's estate, and his plenipotent, too. Artur Potocki was a Templar, 33 degrees.

And again, we return to Wojciech Paszkowski + Franciszek Paszkowski, but this time we are going to Sebastian Bystrzanowski in Trzebniow and the Templars in Scotland. We're joining Br. Bystrzanowski with George Washington. We similarly connect General Franciszek Paszkowski - General Tadeusz Kosciuszko - General Stanislaw Fiszer - and then Mielzynski of Chobienice - von Unruh / Niepokojczycki of Sluck and Kargowa - Oppeln-Bronikowski of Kunowo {Kiedrzynski}; Wojciech Paszkowski + Artur Potocki and again the Templars. Artur Potocki with a network of connections to Cracow / Krakow, Berezina / BEREZYNA, and Lubuszany close to Miezonka. And Miezonka: Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Oskierka, Prozor, Stafania Radziwill, and Chrapowicki of Swolna. And Chrapowicki of Swolna - this line leads to Wankowicz from Kaluzyca and to Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Swolna, Tallinn, and Moscow.

The structure of the Illuminati was taken over as a whole in the Spring of 1937 in the Soviet Union by Stalin and our enemies. This network of multi-country intelligence underwent degeneration and it transformed around 1961 into a globalist movement.

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR [she died in 1892] to AUGUST POTOCKI, 1847-1905; then, in 1905, it belonged to widowed Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka Potocka, the widow after death of AUGUST POTOCKI. Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka, 1870-1925. And ca 1908/1909, Eugenia sold the estate Zator to Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz, of Krzeszowice [I had explained incorrect inf. on Jerzy Dunin-Wasowicz of the 18th century].

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold [? ca 1887/1890] Luboszany / LUBUSZANY [she died in 1892]
(K. Lipinski - the manager of Berezyna, Tepliki, Zwinogród. LUBUSZANY - 13 km to MIEZONKA),
to hands of Krystyna nee Tyszkiewicz
(born in RIGA in 1866; died in 1952! - the daughter of Jan Witold Emanuel Tyszkiewicz b. 1831 in WOLOZYN; the granddaughter of Jozef Tyszkiewicz b. 1805 in PALANGA; the great-granddaughter of Michal Tyszkiewicz Count, b. 1761 in BIRZAI / Birze; the great-great-granddaughter of Józef Ignacy Tyszkiewicz b. 1724, d. 1815 in Valozyn),
the wife of the Galicja governor - Andrzej Potocki.

But the last owner of BEREZYNA
{Beata Terczynska inf. Maurycy Potocki was the owner of Berezyna in the 80's of 19th cent. ? - but we know Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR and Lubuszany [when ?], and named Luboszany / LUBUSZANY took Krystyna nee Tyszkiewicz, Potocka, of Krzeszowice, 1866-1952!
BEREZYNA belonged to above mentioned
Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice or in Paris in 1880, and to his sons}

before 1916 until Dec. 1918 was Maurycy Stanislaw Potocki b. May 1894 in Jablonna, died in 1949 - the son of
August Adam Potocki b. 1847, died in 1905 in Warsaw - the owner of BEREZYNA Ihumenska

{a widow after death of August POTOCKI, in 1905 took ZATOR and maybe Berezyna [1905-1909];
she sold Zator in 1908; she sold Berezyna after 1909 to hands of her son - MAURYCY POTOCKI.

August Potocki also was the owner of JABLONNA.

Next owner of ZATOR in 1908 - Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz of KRZESZOWICE, and her son Adam Potocki, 1896-1966};

the grandson of Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice or in Paris in 1880, the landowner of BEREZYNA

{Maurycy Eustachy Ludwik Potocki b. 1812 - died in 1879 in Krzeszowice in AUSTRIA, or in Paris in 1880 - was the owner of BEREZYNA in Russia!

In 1880 his son August Potocki took JABLONNA, Zator, and HALF of the BEREZYNA ESTATE.

The second half of named BEREZYNA took August's brother Eustachy Potocki / Eustachy Maurycy Aleksander 1859-1914.

August Potocki - the Austrian citizen - bought in 1890/1891 the second part of BEREZYNA belonged to named Eustachy with Baron Eugeniusz WULF, Klimkiewicz manager, Colonel KOZLOWSKI, and Zaglowski};

the great-grandson of Aleksander Stanislaw Potocki b. 1778

{the husband of Anna Maria Ewa Apolonia Dunin-Wasowicz

[the daughter of Ludwik Tyszkiewicz b. 1748 in WILNO - Ludwik was the owner of Poloziny in the IHUMEN county and BEREZYNA - LUBOSZANY
(Luboszany took his wife Konstancja nee Poniatowska)
in 1793 after Sapieha]

and Izabella Potocka MOSTOWSKA [her son Stanislaw Potocki Count, ca 1824 - 1887]. Partner of Aleksandra Stokowska};

the great-great-grandson of
Stanislaw Kostka Potocki 1755 - 1821, the FREEMASON.

Aleksandra Potocka / Aleksandryna Potocka sold ZATOR in Austria [she died in 1892] to AUGUST POTOCKI, 1847-1905; then, in 1905, it belonged to widowed Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka Potocka, the widow after death of AUGUST POTOCKI.

Eugenia Wojnicz-Sianozecka, 1870-1925.
And ca 1908/1909, Eugenia sold the estate Zator to Krystyna Potocka nee Tyszkiewicz, of Krzeszowice near CRACOW.

Andrzej Potocki died in 1908
= Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki born in KRZESZOWICE in 1861 in Austria, died in LWOW, the owner of Krzeszowice, the orderly officer of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria.

Andrzej's wife was KRYSTYNA Tyszkiewicz Potocka, 1866-1952, and she was the owner of ZATOR in Austria, ca 1908/1909, and since ca 1887/1890 {?} of LUBOSZANY / Lubuszany - 13 km to MIEZONKA in Russia

[they had children:
Maria Teresa Tyszkiewicz; Izabela Maria Krasinska; Kystyna Siemienska-Lewicka; Adam Wladyslaw Franciszek Potocki; Artur Antoni Bonawentura Hubert Maria Potocki born in 1899 in Krzeszowice close to CRACOW].

Above
ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice,
the son of Adam Jozef Mateusz Potocki; died in Krzeszowice in 1872 - acted in STASZOW;
the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.

The great-grandson of Jan Nepomucen Potocki 1761-1815, who was the son of
Jozef Potocki 1735-1802, and the
grandson of Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760
and the great-grandson of
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735 {see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski};
Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748
- who was the son of Andrzej Potocki died in 1691 in Stanislawow; and
the grandson of Stanislaw Potocki Rewera b. 1589 in Podhajce, d. 1667.

His, Arthur Potocki, grandchildren, were the owners of Berezina and Lubuszany, 13 km from Miezonka of the Konstantynowiczs. My grandfather walked as a courier to mentioned Lubuszany in 1918.

Cool trivia only!

Those Lubuszany earlier were owned by the Sapiehas - compare Sapieha what he died in Kenya.

As already a curiosity:

The Mycielskis were around Pleszew, a few kilometers from Kiedrzynski, like from Stadnicki-Wezyk-Jordan line, and one of them, Erasmus Mycielski, the greatest secret conspirator of the 90s of the 18th century, was born obviously in Kamieniec Podolski.
His biggest trust was Bardzki - it is Jakub Kiedrzynski's family - Jakub was the brother of Izydor Kiedrzynski, who moved home in 1775/1776, to Jedlno [Mecinski-Walewski-Stadnicki net].

Of course, Mycielski and Stadnicki were the highest officials in Kamieniec Podolski, where in 1767 Carsten Niebuhr was arrived, from Malta in 1761 [Illuminati under Russian influence].

And in this Kamieniec Podolski the supreme bishop was obviously Krasinski, the one who had a property near Przasnysz [Krasne close to Leszno village], for a 200 years the land of the Krasinskis, friends of the Leopold Kronenberg family.

Leopold Kronenberg was related to Severin Lowenstein-Lenval born 1833 in Warsaw. This is a branch of Anna Teresa Tymieniecka born on Feb 28, 1923 in Marianowo.

NOTE:

Bohdan Wladyslaw Zaremba Tymieniecki or Bogdan / Bohdan ZAREMBA-Tymieniecki, was born in Warsaw, then he was living in Paris, war in 1939 in Poland, Colonel in Italy [author with a nickname Visconsini, Amadeo], a landowner before 1939 - was the brother of ANNA-TERESA Tymieniecka!

Anna Teresa was born on Feb 28 1923 in Marianowo, close to Stargard Szczecinski or in the Rypin County, close to Golub-Dobrzyn and RYPIN - but not near by Mlawa.

Her mother was Maria-Ludwika de Lanval Tymieniecka / LENVAL.

Wife of above Bogdan / Bohdan was Joanna Tymieniecka Burhardt, b. 1920, the daughter of Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki and Jadwiga Beck.

Above Jadwiga Beck nee Salkowska, b. 1896 in Lublin, died in 1974 in London, UK, daughter of Waclaw Salkowski and Jadwiga Maria; wife of General Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki and Colonel Jozef Beck, III - mother of Joanna Tymieniecka.

Above Stanislaw Seweryn Burhardt-Bukacki b. 1890 in Cannes, France, died in 1942 in Edinburgh; he was the son of Jan Krzysztof Burhardt and Salomea Otylia Burhardt; father of Joanna Tymieniecka.

Above Jozef Beck, III born in 1894 in Warszawa, died in 1944 in Stanesti, Romania, son of Alojzy Beck, II and Bronislawa Filipina; husband of Maria Wiktoria Janiszewska and Jadwiga Beck;

Jozef Beck - Polish politician, a diplomat, a close associate of Josef Pilsudski, Colonel of the Polish Army.

Named Krasne is situated 5 - 7 km from Leszno village were born Jaworska Halina, Wodkiewicz, the one from neighbors of my grandparents on the mother's side in 1955, and the one from Krokusowa Rd, and her house is bordered on Krokusowa Rd with Sedzicki - Bogucki, the one from Internal Security Agency, ie. Security of the Internet and Mobile, which lived over me in a special apartment to observation and hearing.

My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century by Russia [and in 1937 by Soviet Union].
Let the example be an ominous figure of Jakob Johann von Sievers who has been active in the Russian intelligence since 1748.

His genealogy from Joachim Johann von Sievers, b. ca 1674 - d. 1753, SENIOR:
1.
His younger son Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg, the father of:
Elisabeth Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata [she was wife of Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808];
Johann Carl Sievers of Ropkoy b. Lais (Livl.) 1749 d. 1805 acc. to: Peter Trefilov;
Benedikte b. 1750;
Peter;
and Karl Gustaf Joachim of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg.
2.
Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808,
the son of Joachim Johann von Sievers (b. 1699), JUNIOR;
the grandson of above Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753, SENIOR.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, the FREEMASON; Caunt in 1798, Extraordinary Ambassador to Poland. He was buried at the cementery in Wolmar in Livonia / Valmiera / Wolmar, is a town in northern Latvia, about 100 km north-east of Riga and 50 km from the border with Estonia. From 1749 to 1755 as a diplomat in London and Kopenhagen (links with the embassy of Prussia) in 1748

[in 1740 King Frederick II (Frederick the Great) came to the throne. In 1744 Frederick invaded Silesia again. He failed, but French pressure on Austria's ally Great Britain led to a series of treaties and compromises, culminating in the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle that restored peace and left Prussia in possession of most of Silesia].

The Sievers family descended from Holstein.
The relative of Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers was Joachim Karl, born in Finland [Karl Gustaf Joachim von SIEVERS of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg], a servant of Ernest Biron [Ernst Johann von Biron, 1690 - 1772, was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740. In 1734, SYCOW in Silesia, on the Polish-Austrian border, was acquired by Ernst Johann] - the favorite of Empress Anna [Anna Ivanovna / Anne, was regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740]. In 1743, Karl [Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg] took him to Saint Petersburg, then twelve-year-old boy.
Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, the FREEMASON, became a writer at the College of Foreign Affairs [1743]. The next level was reading the encrypted messages. Finally, in 1748 he was sent to the Russian diplomatic mission in Copenhagen. About ten months later, he was sent to London, where his uncle Karl [Karl Eduard von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg] had the friend - ambassador Piotr Czernyszew.
The stay in LONDON until 1755 was a real school for Sievers. He was a diplomat with the knowledge of foreign languages. During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) he served Russian Army.
He took part in the siege of Kolobrzeg. In 1759-1760 he was the secretary of the Russian-Prussian commission appointed to exchange prisoners of war. He was promoted to general of the Guard. Catherine II appointed him governor of Novgorod in 1764, and in 1776 also Pskov and Tver, and thus the general-governor of these three provinces.
In 1767 he married his cousin Elzbieta Sievers Puciata, Lisinka, a childhood companion. As the administrator of the lands entrusted to him, he showed great energy. In May 1781 he wrote a request for resignation.
He moved back to Bauenhoff.
Platon Zubov send a letter of November 13, 1792 and he announced that the Empress's wish was to go to Poland as her extraordinary ambassador to the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Aleksander Chrapowicki - Katarzyna's personal secretary - noted that Sievers' departure to Poland was being prepared by Zubow and Morkow, and Bezborodko.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, Count Jacob Sivers b. 1731, in Wesenberg / Rakvere, Estonia; died 1808, in Bauenhof, Governorate of Livonia, near WOLMAR = Valmiera; he was appointed general governor of Novgorod (1764-1776), Tver (1776 - 1781 as governor of Tver and Novgorod - Viceroy) and Pskov; son of Joachim Johann von Sievers, JUNIOR;
he was gifted with great possessions:
several villages near Minsk in Belarus
[Dec. 1792 in Grodno. He acted in Belarus in 1799-1803; the Minsk governorate was reorganized in 1795],
in Estonia (Heimar, Rasik and Kampen),
Livonia / LIVLAND (Bauenhof, Neuhall, Zarnau and Ostrominsky),
Ingria (Gadebusch, Lopatino, Selco / Seltso, and Muratovo),
the province of Polotsk (Kasian in 1781, and Dobra Rudnia),
in Finland (Sackala).

In Poland SIEVERS was in the company of
the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski,
King's sister,
Lady Zaluska,
Css Mniszech;
Bishop Michal Jerzy Poniatowski,
Lady Radziwill,
Count UNRUH / Aleksander Unrug, of the Great Poland
[director of the royal mint, previously in the army of Saxony and friend of Igelstrom, Stackelberg and Madalinski; Stanislaw August brought him to Warsaw as the leadership of the mint. He was jailed in Warsaw on 18 May 1794];
Kazimierz Poniatowski;
Lady Tyszkiewicz

[Maria Teresa Tyszkiewicz (1760 - 1834) - the sister of Duke Jozef Poniatowski;
Maria Teresa Antonina Jozefina Poniatowski married Tyszkiewicz, born in Austria, the Lady of the Maltese Order; the daughter of General Andrzej Poniatowski - the brother of the KING. She was taken under guardianship by her father's brother, King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
She married Wincenty Tyszkiewicz (1757 - 1816) of LOHOJSK and SWISLOCZ.
He was the son of Antoni Kazimierz TYSZKIEWICZ, 1723-1778;
the grandson of Michal Jan TYSZKIEWICZ, 1692-1762];

and widowed Lady Grabowska the lover of the KING Poniatowski.

In 1794 Holowczyce [in 1793 in Russia] - the estate of Oskierka - was taken by Russians, then the estate belonged to General JAKOB Sievers;
and next of Stanislaw Horwatt in 1825 [then to his cousin Maurycy; and Maurycy's son - Stanislaw Horwatt].
Holowczyce is situated 14 km south-west to Narowla, close to Ukraine. Holowczyce in 1764 owned by Oskierko = Oskierka.

Ludwik Tyszkiewicz born 1748 in Vilnius, d. 1808, Field Lithuanian Commander in 1780 to 1791, Great Lithuanian Treasurer in 1791, Great Lithuanian Marshal from 1793. Stanislaw August Poniatowski had a niece Konstancja Poniatowska, the daughter of mentioned Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski, and Konstancja married in Warsaw on April 4, 1775 to Ludwik Tyszkiewicz. They took in 1793 Berezyna - Luboszany.
Their daughter Anna Tyszkiewicz married Count Aleksander Stanislaw Potocki.

During the Grodno Sejm, Ludwik Tyszkiewicz was chosen as a negotiator with the Russian ambassador Jacob Sievers, and so on 22 July 1793 he signed the treaty of the cession of lands to Russia, and then on 25 September to Prussia, as part of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, married mentioned Elisabeth Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata SIEVERS, b. 1746 in St. Petersburg, Russia, died in 1818. Daughter of Karl Eduard von Sievers, of Lagena and Waiwara; the granddaughter of Joachim Johan von Sievers / Johann, b. 1677, d. 1753 in Rujen-Grosshof;
the great-granddaughter of
Joachim Sievers died March 1700 in Tallinn.
ELZBIETA was also wife of Nikolai Abramovich Putjatin. Above Nikolai Abramovich Putjatin b. 1749 in Kiev.
He was the family of ARTEMIJ Vasilievich PUCIATA / Putjatin, the landowner in 1706 of RZEW.

Note to Gotha-ALTENBURG:

A.
Ernest II, b. 1818; Master Mason, in 1857; Joint Grand Master of the Order of the Ernestine House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
more - Kenning's Masonic Encyclopedia.

Ernest II was the elder child of Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld / later Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and his wife, Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Compare on mentioned above ERNEST I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha:

Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth II, the daughter of the Duke and later King George VI, Emperor of India, and Queen Elizabeth, Empress of India;
the granddaughter of King George V b. 1865;
and the great-granddaughter of Prince Albert Edward / Edward VII, b. 1841;
the great-great-granddaughter of
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, b. 1819;

and above ALBERT was the son of
Ernest I b. 1784, as duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I);
and the grandson of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Coburg, on 15 July 1750).

Compare -
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
In 1787, he granted Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the secret society, asylum in Gotha.

His son was Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. 1772;
and the granddaughter -
above Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to
Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I).
They had 2 sons:
mentioned Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1818;
and
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1819, married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom in 1840. In 1901, his eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

B.
Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III).
Pss Louise was the granddaughter of
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
Ernest II Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha / Ernest II, b. 1818; Master Mason, 1857; Joint Grand Master of the Order of the Ernestine House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
Ernest II was the elder child of named above Ernest III, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld / later Ernest.

C.
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, on 30 January 1745,
the son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen.

Above Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. on 14 April 1699 in Gotha,
was the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst.
Above
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. on 28 July 1676, in Gotha - d. on 23 March 1732, in Altenburg), was a duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

He was the fifth child and first son of mentioned above
Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, born in 1646,
and Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
[Anna von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, 1709 - 1758 married in 1742 to Wilhelm Carl Christian von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, 1701 - 1771, the son of Duke Friedrich II, Duke of von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg; the grandson of Frederick I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, b. 1646].

Friedrich Wilhelm II b. 1744.

Frederick William II, in 1781, had joined the Rosicrucians.

Frederick William II married 1st in 1765 to Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, b. 1746, the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, was dissolved in 1769. Charles b. 1713. Charles was the oldest brother to Ferdinand, the Duke of BRUNSWICK.
Friedrich Wilhelm II married second in 1769, Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He had mistress, Wilhelmine Enke (created Countess Wilhelmine von Lichtenau in 1796).

Louise of Brunswick - Wolfenbuettel was the sister of Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel. Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel / Luise Amalie, b. 1722, d. 1780, was daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel and his wife Duchess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel.
Her older sister was Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Bevern, the wife of Frederick the Great.
She was also the sibling of the Queen of Denmark and Norway,
and the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, the TEMPLAR [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721].

Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel was the sister of Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
MARTINISTS Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the 18th century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany. Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as FREDERICK, the Duke of Brunswick, Duke Kassalsky, Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Hindmarsh was the founder of Theosophical Society in England. Together with
De Thome;
Count Cagliostro;
with the member Chastanier - he was also the member of "illumine d'Avignon"
[with H. JONES in England;
Marquis de THOME in Avignon;
Thomas Duche - the son of Jacob Duche in 1785/1786].
Chastanier was a supporter of a Plan for a Universal Society [with JACOB DUCHE] of SWEDENBORG [Richard Brothers, too].
Benedict Chastanier and Count Tadeusz Grabianka, fell into the New Church only to fall rapidly out of it, others, Jacob Duche and General Rainsford, for example, kept their distance while maintaining their enthusiasm.
... Richard Brothers, who had taken up Swedenborgian doctrines at Avignon with the Abbe Pernety, and Count Tadeusz Grabianka. Both Brothers and Grabianka attended meetings in London at the home of the Revd. Jacob Duche.
In 1775 Chastanier and the Marquis de Thorn joined the Philalethes, a Masonic society founded by Savalette de Langes in Paris. Chastanier founded the Philalethes regime and the martinism was the foundation of this new rite. This lodge welcomed Cagliostro, Mesmer, and Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin.
Chastanier also presided over the Philosophical and Masonic Congress of Paris, in 1785 and 1787. Co-founder in 1783 to the revolution of the "The Olympic of the Perfect Estime". Deputy of the Grand Orient of France for many years, first supervisor of the Chamber of Grades in 1782, he participated in the codification of orders of the French Rite. The last philosophical convent of philaleths was in 1787.
Philaleths or philatelists which translates as: friend or seeker of truth; this regime of philosophical or mystical masonry was founded in 1773 by the Marquis Charles-Pierre-Paul Savalette of Langes in the Lodge "Les Amis Reunions".
This ritual lasted until the death of its founder in 1797; it had such a representatives:
Saint Martin,
the brothers Lavater,
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721],
and Joseph de Maistre.

In 1776, Benedict Chastanier (b. 1739 - d. ca 1816), founded Universal Society in London to disseminate Swedenborg's writing.
In 1782 Chastanier and Charles Rainsford reached out to kindred Illuminist groups in Berlin and Paris by publishing a brochure in French about degrees of the Universal Society.
Chastanier was in contact with the Illumines of Avignon.

Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg (born in 1721, d. 1792, Vechelde),
was a Prussian field marshal (1758-1766).
"... 1757 to 1762 he led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany which successfully repelled French attempts to occupy Hanover."
He also was a freemason, initiated in 1740 into the Lodge of The Three Globes in Berlin, and received the degree of Master Mason in 1743 at Breslau.
He was in the closest touch with Frederick the Great, who supervised the instruction of the guard battalion. Ferdinand was one of the most intimate friends of the king.
In 1759, "... Ferdinand retreated in the face of a French advance, but managed to check them with a decisive victory at the Battle of Minden. This ended the immediate French threat to Hanover, as the French army was in no condition to continue its advance".
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, 1721 - 1792, is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list; the patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld
[see the visit of Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 in Skala Podolska to Kossakowska and her FRANKISTS. In 1761 Carsten Niebuhr was at MALTA to Manuel Pinto, the Illuminati acc. to CAGLIOSTRO who was here, of course].

The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast, with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790]. The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1805. A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful. From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785. Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries; Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years, but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.
It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia was not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.

But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century. Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.

Today it is difficult to say who, what country, either a government, or an institution, maybe a NGO managed this complicated structure in the 19th century. Those who have studied the roots of this complex structure, the most common commit certain substantive and methodological mistakes, runs the risk of retaliatory attacks and ridicule, and even fully social ostracism.

Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, b. 1721, was the fourth son of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg. Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg was a freemason, initiated in 1740 into the Lodge of The Three Globes in Berlin, and received the degree of Master Mason in 1743 at Breslau.

Ferdinand's of BRUNSWICK [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] sibilings:
1.
Charles b. 1713;
2.
Philippine Charlotte b. 1716;
3.
Antoine Ulric b. 1714;
4.
Louis Ernest b. 1718;
5.
above Ferdinand Duke of BRUNSWICK, b. 1721;
6.
Pss Elisabeth Christine / ELISABETH, b. 1715, of Brunswick-Wolffenbuttel + FREDERIC II, the King of Prussia, b. 1712
[Augustus William's brother was King Frederick II / Frederick the Great];
7.
Louise Amelie, b. 1722 / Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel + AUGUSTE GUILLAUME / Prince Augustus William of Prussia, died in 1758, the second son of King Frederick William I of Prussia;
with the son
Frederick William II / Friedrich Wilhelm II, b. 1744,
and the grandson
Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Frederick William II, in 1781, had joined the Rosicrucians.
8.
Sophie Antoinette b. 1724 + ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG;
9.
Therese Nathalie b. 1728;
10.
Julienne Marie b. 1729 + FREDERIC V, the KING of DANEMARK, d. 1766
[compare Carsten Niebuhr sailed from DENMARK to Malta in 1761; in 1767 back to Kamieniec Podolski to the Stadnickis and Bishop KRASINSKI of Krasne close to Przasnysz. Bishop ruled in Kamieniec Podolski].

Frederick William / Friedrich Wilhelm II b. 1744; was born in Berlin, the son of Prince Augustus William of Prussia and Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. His mother's elder sister, Elisabeth, was the wife of Augustus William's brother King Frederick II (Frederick the Great).
See: the Illuminati and the second Partition of Poland in 1793.
Frederick William II of Prussia was the son of Prince Augustus William of Prussia / August Wilhelm, b. 1722, was Prince of Prussia, and a younger brother of Frederick II. Prince Augustus William of Prussia was the second son of King Frederick William I of Prussia.
Prince Augustus William of Prussia married Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. Her elder sister, Elisabeth, was the wife of Augustus William's brother King Frederick II (Frederick the Great).
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.

Cagliostro appeared in the group of "Lovers of Truth" under the pseudonyms "Mosmy", "St. Germain "or just "Grabianka"! The legends also include the version about the visit of Cagliostro in Podolia, to Tadeusz Grabianka, which was to take there in 1775.
Michal Aleksander Ronikier - in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podole. Until 1785/1787 he lived mainly in Zalozce / Zalizci, in Podolia [47 km north-west to Tarnopol], and he took in 1783/1785 the Count title in Austria.
And if we are already talking about the family of RONIKIER, counts who had contacted with the ILLUMINATI and Cagliostro, then this is the opportunity to look at their genealogy -
this is a great example of how the ILLUMINATI by means of marriages, have penetrated into the environment that they needed. In this case, the Illuminati came close to the imperial court, being associated with the Bobrinsky / Bobrzynski family, derived from Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, born
Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.
Nevertheless Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802, the Illuminati, was living in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county, and in Podolia. Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802 in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county;
parents:
Piotr RONIKIER and Dorota von Cosel, b. ca 1700. In 1771, Zatonie acquired the countess von Cosel, the widow of Frederic August COSEL, the son of Augustus II and Countess Cosel. After the death of the Countess in 1784, Zatonie inherited her son, Gustav Ernest, whose scandalous lifestyle led to the sale of the estate in 1789 to Johnston von Krogeborn.
In 1809, the property was bought by Peter von BIRON / Piotr Biron, it was designated as a dowry for the youngest daughter -
Dorothy von Biron, Talleyrand / Dorota Biron, wife of Maurycy Talleyrand-Perigord, later Princess de Dino.
Princess Dorothy returned from France to Zatonie in 1840 and lived here until 1844.

In Warsaw, Tadeusz Grabianka had joined the reformed order of "Templars" or "Strict Observance" Masons, founded around 1760 by Baron Charley Hund (d. 1776) and, through that connection, he met Pernety in Berlin in 1778
(acc. to Scholem, 1961, 287-296; Garrett in 1975, p. 102).

The Illumines practiced the "true science of numbers" and posec questions to a divine intelligence whom they called "Sainte-Parole" ...
The Illumines had frequent contact with Strasbourg [to the Rohan].
Each member had an occult number. Pernety's being no. 135. When consulted by Brumore concerning Grabianka, known as "Dear King 1.3.9," Sainte-Parole intoned: "Oh my son, his heart is pure. Do not fear to mix your incense with his, because one day he will become seven times greater than you!"
(acc. to Bricaud 1927, 46; see also 43; Harrison in 1979, p. 71).

And now we show to you connections of the Illuminati, Berlin and St Petersburg.
Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, in 1745, was the son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen.
Above Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1699 in Gotha), was the eldest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
and
Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst.

Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, Princess, b. 1679, d. 1740, was, by birth, a Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst and, by marriage, a Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
She was the maternal grandmother of George III of the United Kingdom.
She was born Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst. Her father was Karl of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1652, and her mother was Duchess Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels.
Named KARL b. 1652, had three children:
1.
John Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1677;
2.
Karl Frederick b. 1678;
3.
Magdalene Auguste, b. 1679, d. 1740, married to Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

And Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, was born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.

Above Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, b. 1676, in Gotha, d. 1732, in Altenburg, was the first son of mentioned above Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, born in 1646, and Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels.

Catherine II the Russia, born as Catherine d'Anhalt-Zerbst / Sophie Augusta Fredericka de Russie, Empress in 1762-1796, born in 1729 in Szczecin; was the daughter of
Christian August von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst (1742-1747), b. 1690;
and the granddaughter of
Johann Ludwig I von Anhalt-Zerbst.

Johann Ludwig von Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1656, and Karl of Anhalt-Zerbst b. 1652, were brothers.
KARL's parents:
Johann VI von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst, born 1621, m. in 1649 to Sophie Augusta von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
Above JOHANN VI had children:
1.
Karl Wilhelm von Anhalt-Zerbst, prince de Anhalt-Zerbst 1652-1718, had the daughter Magdalena Augusta von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1679-1740, married in 1696, to Friedrich II von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.
2.
Johann Ludwig I von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1656-1704, m. Christine Eleonore von Zeutsch;
with his granddaughter -
Catherine II de Russie, 1729-1796;
3.
Sophie Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, 1663-1694, married to Johann Ernst III von Sachsen-Weimar.

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. in Gotha, 1745; in 1783, he became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and / or Timoleon, and in 1784, he was made Supervisor of Abessinien for Upper Saxony.
In 1787, he granted Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the secret society, asylum in Gotha.

His son was Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg b. 1772;
and the granddaughter -
Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1800 - 1831, married in 1817 to
Ernest I / Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig, b. 1784, the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, from 1826, the first sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I).
They had 2 sons:
1. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1818;
and
2.
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha b. 1819, married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom in 1840.
In 1901, his eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, b. 1819, was the son of Ernest I b. 1784, as duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) and, duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Ernest I);
and the grandson of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. in Coburg, in 1750).

Ferdinand's of BRUNSWICK [the Illuminati - Templars; Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] sister:
Sophie Antoinette b. 1724 + ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of Saxe-Coburg / SAXE-COBOURG;
ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG / Saxe-Coburg b. 1724,
was the son of
Pss Anna Sofie of SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT,
and the grandson of
Pss Anna Sofie of SACHSEN-GOTHA (and Altenburg)
and the great-grandson of
Duke Friedrich I SACHSEN-GOTHA (1646 - 1691);
and the great-great-grandson of
Duke Ernst I, the Pious, of SACHSEN-GOTHA + Elisabeth Sofie of SACHSEN-ALTENBURG.

Above ERNEST FREDERIC, Duke of SAXE-COBOURG b. 1724 was the son of
Duke Franz Josias of SACHSEN-COBURG (1697 - 1764);
the grandson of
Duke Johann Ernst of SACHSEN-SAALFELD;
the great-grandson of
Duke Ernst I, the Pious, of SACHSEN-GOTHA + Pss Elisabeth Sofie of SACHSEN-ALTENBURG, b. ca 1613.

Mentioned
Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel (1724 - 1802, Coburg) was the daughter of
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg.
She was the sister of Ferdinand of BRUNSWICK [Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Luneburg, born in 1721] with connections to the Templars and ILLUMINATI.
She married Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1749 at Wolfenbuttel.
Her son
Franz Frederick Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, b. 1750, d. 1806, was the father of Leopold I of Belgium and grandfather of Leopold II.
This is branch of
Empress Carlota of Mexico,
Queen Victoria of Great Britain, and her husband Prince Albert;
Ferdinand II of Portugal.

Louis XVI was stripped of his legislative power by the National Assembly and he was guillotined on 21st January 1793. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1793) in a near-unanimous vote and condemned him to death by a simple majority.
And the Revolutionary Tribunal executed him by guillotine on the Place.
Marie Antoinette was executed nine months later, on 16th October 1793. Marie Antoinette was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution.

Two days later, on 23rd January 1793, the second partition of Poland was approved by the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia in the aftermath of the Polish-Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792.
Frederick William II of Prussia saw those events as an opportunity to strengthen his country.
On 23 January 1793, Prussia signed a treaty with Russia, agreeing that Polish reforms would be revoked and both countries would receive broad swaths of Commonwealth territory.

The outbreak of new borderline wars between revolutionary France and the European coalition on 1st February 1793, was the result of the execution of a king Louis XVI after a trial on 21st January 1793.
This united all European governments, including Spain, Naples, and the Netherlands against the Revolution. France declared war against Britain and the Netherlands on 1 February 1793 and soon afterwards against Spain. The Holy Roman Empire (on 23 March), the kings of Portugal and Naples, and the Tuscany declared war against France. Thus the First Coalition was formed.

The Chrapowicki family - SWOLNA and MIEZONKA - Kennedy and BOUVIER

- I explain mistakes, which appeared in other sources; my brief explanation in Nov. 2017 -

Siemon Y. Khrapovitsky / Семён Яковлевич Храповицки / Chrapowicki (1752 - 1819), was a nobility marshal of the Yukhnovsky district
[Lieutenant Nikolai Sergeyevich Khrapovitsky / Khrapovitsky Nikolai Sergeevich / Храповицкий Николай Сергеевич died 1905.05.15 close to Cushima / Tsushima or in Port Arthur, China. He was the son of Sergei Yasonovich Khrapovitsky b. 1829, the husband of Alexandra Pavlovna Khrapovitsky, staff captain retired in 1879.
SERGEI Chrapowicki was the son of Jason S. Khrapovitsky / Ясон, and the grandson of named above Siemon Y. Khrapovitsky / Chrapowicki and Maria Lvovna Chernysheva.
Mentioned above NIKOLAJ Chrapowicki / Nikolay Chrapovytsky had a daughter Maya de Chrapovitsky's.
Count NIKOLAJ / Nicolas Chrapovitsky, Lieut. Col., born Sankt-Peterburg, Russia. NIKOLAJ / NIKOLAS Chrapowicki married to Margharita Taylor b. 07.02.1872, d. Los Angeles, 1942,
with daughters:
1. Olga Chrapovitsky b. 1898 m. Edward R. Condon; and above
2. Maya Chrapovitsky b. 1899 m. 1st Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr, 2nd Eldbridge Rand.

See John Fitzgerald KENNEDY, President of US, and the BOUVIER family - compare George de Mohrenschildt.

Named Olga de Chrapovitsky b. 1898, Saint Petersburg, d. 1991, Laguna Beach, CA].

Siemion Chrapowicki was the son of JAKOB Chrapowicki [see below].

Named JAKOB Chrapowicki was the son of DOMINIK CHRAPOWICKI / Dementij Chrapowicki who was a taskmaster. Named Dominik Chrapowicki born before 1700 [ca 1695], d. 1729, was the husband of Rozalia Rypińska.

Dominik Chrapowicki
[his branch come from KRYSTYNA Łowejko and JAN Chrapowicki, senior] was the father of
1.
Eustachy Chrapowicki senior

[Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki, 1730-1791, senior, the judge in Polotsk, in
1765 the Swolna estate owner,
inf. in Starodub in 1765, 1775, married twice: in 1779, 2nd to Teresa Szczyt / Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1730-1778,

with a son
Jozef Chrapowicki {junior}, 1750-1812, who married 2nd Pss Magdalena Oginska, b. ca 1750 / 1760 {her brother was Ignacy Oginski b. 1755, d. 1787, m. Jozefa}. Jozef Chrapowicki junior, divorced with 1st wife Franciszka Hryniewiecka (she m. Woyniłłowicz).
Arkadiusz Chrapowicki, 1821 - ca 1900 {of MIEZONKA}, the son of Michal Chrapowicki b. ca 1790, d. ca 1850, and Jozefa KORSAK. The grandson of Jozef Chrapowicki b. ca 1750, d. 1812, and Magdalena Oginska [the 1st wife was Anna Radziwill, Narbut].

JOZEF junior Chrapowicki + MAGDALENA's sons:

A.
Antoni Chrapowicki, b. ca 1780 {Anthony, 1775-1851}, married Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI, b. ca 1790 / ? 1800 {Ewelina Kamilla Ewa Swiatopelk-Mirska}.
Antoni Chrapowicki married twice, 1st to unknown Wolska b. 1790; 2nd to Ewelina.
Ewelina SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI was a daughter of Stanislaw Wojciech SWIATOPELK-MIRSKI (1756-1805), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Writer, and Stanislawa Koszczyc.
Named Antoni Chrapowicki was the son of Jozef Chrapowicki junior, 1750-1812, and Pss Magdalena Oginska b. ca 1750 / 1760; grandson of Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki 1730-1791 and Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1730-1778.

ANTONI Chrapowicki was the great-grandson of Dominik Chrapowicki of Somilisko, 1700-1729.

B.
Michal Chrapowicki
{Michal Mikolaj Chrapowicki b. 1780 / Michał Chrapowicki, Marschall of Dzisna county, and Minsk Province, owner of Jasnogorki and Korolla in Zmudz, and Prozorok in the county of Dzisna, m. 1st Joanna Okuszkowna / Joanna Okuszko, with a son
Kazimierz Chrapowicki and a daughter. Named
Kazimierz Chrapowicki, 1817-1881 married to Adela Ciechanowiecka, 1823-1887.

KAZIMIERZ's brother was Arkadiusz Chrapowicki / Arkady, m. to Stefania Radziwill.
Michał Chrapowicki with his second wife, Jozefa Korsak, had the son Arkadyusz married Stefania Julia Radziwiłł 1825-1896. STEFANIA RADZIWILL was the owner of MIEZONKA - see Dominik Konstantynowicz, his son Antoni Konstantynowicz, grandson Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz}.

C.
Eustachy Chrapowicki, jr., b. 1790
{Eustachy Chrapowicki junior, b. 1790, m. in 1810 to Amelia Gorska 1793-1866, daughter of Stanisław August Gorski b. 1745 and Anna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1767-1796}.

EUSTACHY Chrapowicki senior married 1st to Balbina PAKOSZ / Pakoszowna
{sometimes we have the wrong information that EUSTACHY CHRAPOWICKI was the father of Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki. Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki, born ca 1780, the Russian top officer}.

The above EUSTACHY's senior CHRAPOWICKI, and Eustachy's junior line:

MARIA CHRAPOWICKA the wife to Karol Epstein b. ca 1890, that is Maria Chrapowicka born to Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki 1864 -1930 and Maria Jaksa-Dębicka 1863-1909. Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki was the son of Ignacy Antoni Chrapowicki b. 1817 in Witebsk, Vitebsk; d. 1893; grandson of Eustachy Chrapowicki / Chrapovickis junior b. circa 1790. Eustachy Chrapowicki junior was the son of named above Jozef Chrapowicki 1750 - 1812 and Magdalena Ogińska b. 1760, daughter of Jozef Ogiński and Apolonija WYHOWSKA - Oginskiene];

2.
Jerzy Chrapowicki / Юрий (Георгий) Дементьевич Храповицкий;

3.
Иван Дементьевич Храповицкий / Jan Chrapowicki

[JAN CHRAPOWICKI was the father of named above Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki. Piotr Celestyn Chrapowicki, born ca 1780, the Russian top officer, was grandson of Dominik Chrapowicki of Somilisko];
Jan Chrapowicki, b. ca 1730, official in POLOCK.

Piotr Celestine Chrapowicki bought Sielut in 1805, served the Russian Army, m. ca 1800 to Helena Gorecka b. ca 1790, with his son
Michał / MICHAL CHRAPOWICKI, Marshal of the province of Vitebsk {the Witebsk governorate Marshal}, who married to Countess Lidia Apraksin born 1820. Michal Chrapowicki, b. 1810, had 2 sons: Aleksander Chrapowicki m. unknown Teplow, and Dymitr Chrapowicki born ca 1840.

4.
JAKOB CHRAPOWICKI / Jakov - Colonel of Smolensk (1741), and a judge of Smolensk (1780) [see KENNEDY and BOUVIER in US];

5.
Jozef Chrapowicki b. ca 1729 [senior], the son of Dominik Chrapowicki. Jozef senior had brother Eustachy Chrapowicki.
JOZEF Chrapowicki was Major General; the member of Smolensk, and the Polotsk Province to the election of King Stanisław August. In 1765, a judge of the Smolensk land. Jozef Chrapowicki was the official in Mścisław in 1784; inf. of 1786, 1785, 1787, 1774 - owner of Dworzno. He married in 1791 to Helena Suffczynska, childless.

Note to EWELINA HURKO:

Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt / Szczyt / Szczyth, died in 1677, the official in POLOCK in 1666-1670; and in 1673-1677; MP, acted in Prozoroki. The son of Krzysztof Szczyt Niemirowicz and Zofia Lisowska / Lissowski, 2 voto married Jozef Skinder. Justynian was the grandson of Mikolaj Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the Polock top official, and the great-grandson of Mikolaj Niemirowicz Szczyt older, the Court Marshal.

Justynian Niemirowicz had 3 brothers:
Jan Szczyt; Mikolaj Szczyt younger, Aleksander Szczyt; and 2 sisters:
Anna; Halszka.

Justynian Szczyt married in 1648 to Anna Tukowicz, d. 1694, the daughter of Bazyli Tukowicz and Zofia Siehen.
Justynian had 6 sons:
Konstanty Marcjan Szczyt, the father of JAN Szczyt Niemirowicz - the governor in Inflanty; the grandfather of Justynian Niemirowicz SZCZYT junior;
Bronislaw Szczyt;
Krzysztof Benedykt Szczyt - the father of the governor of MSCISLAW, Jozef Szczyt; and the grandfather of the Brzesc Litewski official - Jozef Szczyt Niemirowicz and Jozef's brother - Krzysztof Szczyt Niemirowicz;
Samuel Karol Szczyt - the grandfather of Marcin Niemirowicz Szczyt;
Olbracht Szczyt, the Wenden official and in Smolensk.
Kazimierz Szczyt, the monk.

Justynian died in 1677, and he was buried in Prozoroki.

Above
Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt junior, b. 1740, died in 1824, MP; the son of the Inflanty governor, Jan Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt (1705-1767) and his second wife Barbara Chominski d. 1775, widow after death of Kazimierz Kociell. Barbara was the daughter of Ludwik Jakub Chominski and Anna Koziell-Poklewski of Oszmiany.
Anna Chominski, Koziell Poklewski, was the stepdaughter of Duke Leon Kazimierz Oginski.

Justynian Szczyt had 3 stepsibilings:
of his father and 1st wife, Helena Rypinski - Jozef Szczyt; and Dorota Szczyt m. Jan Szadurski

[Jan Szadurski d. 1771 in Pusza; the Inflanty official in 1766-1771, and in 1752-1766, 1758-1762, 1744-1748, 1759-1762, MP. Dorota and Jan Szadurski had a daughter Barbara Szadurska m. the son of Mikolaj Tadeusz Lopacinski, ie Tomasz Lopacinski; and
second daughter, Konstancja Szadurska married the Wilkomierz official, Jozef Marykoni / Jozef MORYKONI, General Major of 1794, ie. Jozef or Tomasz Morykoni b. 1751, the Wilkomierz official, in 1772 the Lithuanian Army Major, acted in 1789 and in 1794, together with Michala Oginski in Inflanty; then in Warszawa and Praga in 1794.

Note on the MORYKONI family -

KAZIMIERZ Tyzenhauz / Kazimieras Tyzenhauzas b. ca 1740 - son of Benedykt Tyzenhauz SENIOR - was the husband of Barbara Gielgud, and father of ZOFIA Tyzenhauziene.
Kazimierz Tyzenhauz was the brother of
Barbara Wawrzecka; Benedykta Niezabitowska;
Aleksandra Anna Morykoni;
Teresa Tyzenhauz, and
Magdalena Maria Ewa Walewska.

Kolyszko (Kolysko) Adam (1796-1870), insurgent in 1831, a member of the parliament; acted in the area of Wilkomierz;
his mother came from a noble Lithuanian family Morykoni, who came from Italy, farming in the property of Palisze in area of Wilkomierz.

Michal Lisiecki (1803-1882) was born in Porakiszki. He finished high school in Kiejdany. In 1818, he studied at the University of Wilno; he graduated with the degree of law candidate. He was an officer in the Russian army, he was dismissed and lived in Vilnius, where he participated in a secret youth organization. In 1831, he was ordered to organize an uprising in the region of Rakiszki and on the border with Courland.
The branch was organized in Solachy [?], in the court and with the help of Count Benedykt Marykoni

{Benedykt Beniamin Morykoni / Morykoni Pucini / Moriconi, the owner of Towiany, north to Wilkomierz, 1790-1812. Benedykt Morykoni, 1752-1812, married Maria Wiktoria Maja Radziwill (b. 1756), the daughter of Duke Michal Radziwill "Rybenko" (1702-1762). Benedykt Morykoni - a great Lithuanian writer in 1777, chamberlain of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski in 1771; MP. A member of the Andrzej Mokronowski confederation and a member of parliament in 1776 from the Wilkomierz county; member of Parliament in 1780. A member of the conspiracy in Lithuania, preparing the outbreak of Kosciuszko Uprising. Member of the Lithuanian Government. In 1794 he was a member of the Secret Deputation. Head of the Food Department of the Central Deputation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794}.

ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province
{TADEUSZ had daughter Helena Wazgird (Morykoni) and also he had son ADAM BILLEWICZ / Adomas Bilevicius, b. ca 1750, who was father of Kazimierz Tomasz; and Kaspar Bilewicz, and so on.
Above KASPAR - Kasparas Bilevicius, b. ca 1782, d. 1840, had son
Antoni Billewicz or Tadeusz BILEWICZ, b. ca 1815, + Helena Michalowska b. 1820, with:
Pranas Bilevicius;
Maria Pilsudska / Maria Billewicz (1842 - 1884; born 1842 in Adomava) + Jozef Wincenty Pilsudski

(1833 - 1902. Note:
Antoni Bulhak b. 1898, married to Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873, d. 1921 -
her parents:
named above Maria Pilsudska nee Billewicz + Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833.

MARIA JUCHNIEWICZ had the brother - Jozef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867);

Wiktor Billewicz and
Zofia Zubow b. ca 1860.

Above ZOFIA:
Zofia Zubow nee Billewicz, was born circa 1860, married Wlodzimierz Zubow before 1887, with son Wlodzimierz Zubow b. 1887 Szawle [Siauliai / Siaule north of Raseiniai] - d. 1959 in Kowno},

2. Jerzy BILEWICZ, studied in Krolewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};
3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz;
4. Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ; Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons.

We back to
Jan Szadurski - the landowner of the father properties:
Inflanty - Pusza, with Dorotpol; Duksztygaly; Wolkimberg / Zielonpole; Zwirdzin / Zwierdzin / Zwirzydyn; Cecyny; Dunakla / Dunakle; Malnow / Malnowo / MALNAVA - see the Malkiewicz family; Poszmuciowo / Puszmuciowo / Poszmujciowo; Siedlikowszczyzna; Hofftenberg / Jozefow; Jasmujze.
In the POLOCK province: Zlotowo Kozadawlowo / Synkowo.

Jan's children:
Konstancja and Barbara - more above;
Jozef; Ludwika; Salomea;
Ignacy SZADURSKI;
Franciszek Ksawery SZADURSKI],

and Justynian Szczyt had a sibiling of the 1st marriage of his mother -
a brother, Tadeusz Kociell, m. Anna Tyszkiewicz, the daughter of Jozef Benedykt Tyszkiewicz and Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the daughter of the Smolensk governor, Krzysztof Benedykt Niemirowicz-Szczytt.

Justynian Szczyt in POLOCK was the envoy to Petersburg, with the help of Ivan ORLOV and Grigorij Orlov, for the maintenance of the Polish language in the judiciary of the POLOCK ex-province.
Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt was twice married; 1st to Kazimiera Barbara Lopacinski (1746-1773), the daughter of Mikolaj Tadeusz Lopacinski and Barbara Kopec, the daughter of Michal Antoni Kopec.

And named Justynian had a son - Feliks Szczyt, the noble Marshal in DRYSSA, who was the father of Jan Szczytt, exiled in Siberia. Also Justynian had 4 daughters:
Barbara m. Jozef Rudomin-Dusiatski the son of Mikolaj Rudomin Dusiatski, with children:
Elzbieta Rudomin m. Pakosz, the writer;
Anna + Stanislaw Gorski, with Kornela Gorska m. Count Karol Przezdziecki;
Jozefa m. Kajetan Swirski;
Tekla.

Justynian Szczyt married 2nd to Kazimiera Woyno-Jasienski d. 1783, the daughter of the Polock official, Jozef Woyno and Ludwika Sulistrowski.
With 4 children:
Jozef Szczyt, the Russian Court official, m. Franciszka Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki, the mother of
Ewelina Szczyt m. Stanislaw Chominski;
Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczyt, the POLOCK Marshal, married to the daughter of Jozef Hurko-Romejko, ie. Ewelina HURKO !
Jan Szczyt, d. 1851, the DRYSSA Marshal, m. Anna Bobrowski;
and Dorota m. Mikolaj Siostrzanek-Karnicki / Siestrzanek KARNICKI
with children:
Aniela m. Aleksander Wielhorski, Count, the son of Michal WIELHORSKI;
Adela m. Konstanty Radziwill, Duke, ie.
Konstanty Mikolaj Stanislaw Juliusz Franciszek Radziwill b. 1793 in Rome, d. 1869 in Poloneczka,
in 1800 Count in Szydlowiec, known as Maciej Konstanty RADZIWILL.
The son of Maciej Radziwill and Elzbieta Chodkiewicz, the daughter of Jan Mikolaj CHODKIEWICZ.
In 1840, Konstanty Radziwill married 3rd time to Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka, the daughter of the LUCYN marshal, Mikolaj KARNICKI, and Dorota Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the daughter of Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt.
Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka and Konstanty had 8 children:
Mikolaj Antoni Radziwill;
Maciej Jozef

{Maciej Jozef Konstanty Radziwill, b. 1842 in Poloneczka, d. 1907 in Konstanca,
the owner of Zegrze,
- see the von Gersdorff family in Pomiechowek !

Maciej Jozef Konstanty Radziwill, come from the branch of Dominik Mikolaj Radziwill, 1643-1697; Dominik was the owner of Kleck; the son of Aleksander Ludwik Radziwill.
Dominik Radziwill was the father of Jan Mikolaj Radziwill; and of Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill.

Mikolaj Faustyn married in 1710 in Rohotna to Barbara Franciszka Zawisza - Kiezgajllo (1690 - 1746), with 15 children:
Albrecht Radziwill;
Udalryk Krzysztof; Jerzy;
Stanislaw Radziwill.
Stanislaw Radziwill b. 1722, d. 1787, the son of Mikolaj Faustyn. The father of Anna Olimpia Mostowski.
Stanislaw had the daughter Franciszka Teofila Radziwill.

Named Franciszka Teofila Soltan nee Radziwill, b. ca 1751, the mother of Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan;
Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka;
Helena Soltan
and Anna Soltan.

Named KAROLINA:
the mother of Emilija Augusta Justina Kublicka;
Adolf Kublicki;
Valentina Kublicka / Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka;
Anna Benislawska and
OKTAWIA Piottuch Kublicka, the daughter of JOZEF Kublicki and Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka. Oktawia was the wife of JOZEF SZUMSKI [with the son Wilhelm Szumski] and DOMINIK Konstantynowicz [sometimes as Vincentas Konstantinovicius] of MIEZONKA.

Note:

The Minsk Governorate Middle School {not in Volhynia!}, in June 1829, award to Wincenty Konstantynowicz together with: Julian Jacyna, Tadeusz Dybowski, Ignacy Kreyczman, Leon Mirecki, Alexander Bielecki, Antoni Godziewski. Acc. to Kuryer Litewski in August 1829; ie. 11 years old Wincenty Konstantynowicz was born in 1818}.

About above EWELINA HURKO:

Jozef HURKO JUNIOR, had 2 sons:
Leopold Hurko (1783-1860) the Russian Major General;
Wlodzimierz Hurko (1795-1852) the Russian General;
and the daughter
Ewelina HURKO (d. 1821 in ROMA) - the wife of Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the POLOCK official (1778-1840), the son of Justynian Niemirowicz.

Wlodzimierz Hurko [1795-1852], had a son {the grandson of Jozef HURKO [died in 1811]} the Russian Field Marshal and the Warsaw governor, Jozef Wladimirowicz Hurko / Romeiko-Gourko (1828-1901).

Above
Justynian Niemirowicz - Justynian Niemirowicz-Szczytt / Szczytt-Niemirowicz / Szczytt, b. 1740, d. 1824, MP.

NOTE:
Rafal Oskierko + Stanislawa Teresa Oginski, 1724-1744, that is Rafal Alojzy Oskierka m. in 1741.

In Dec. 1819 - Jan. 1820 was meeting of General Jan Nepomucen Uminski with Colonel Dobrogoyski, envoy of Kalisz. Dobrogoyski informed on the secret network in Cracow, and Uminski was claiming that is always ready to establish a branch in the Great Poland; he had confidential relations with
Lieutenant Colonel Ludwik Sczaniecki;
the secret organisation was formed - probably at the beginning of 1820 in Poznan - the National Freemasonry:
Sczaniecki,
Count Wiktor Szoldrski,
Gajewski,
Czapski,
Pawlikowski, Morawski, Jarochowski,
Karol Stablewski,
Klaudiusz Sczaniecki,
brothers Bojanowski, Zaborowski, Radomski, Stanislaw Chlapowski,
Skorzewski,
three brothers Mielzynski,
two Potworowski,
Tytus Dzialynski,
Jozef Krzyzanowski,
Garstkiewicz, Monkowski, Bukowiecki, Alojzy Zaborowski,
Kalinowski,
General Pradzynski also in Warsaw.

The Dobrzyca parish and the surrounding areas, from Kotlin and Pleszew to Rozdrazew and Krotoszyn, are the center of the Illuminati and conspirators after 1767. The noble families - Stadnicki, Wezyk, Jordan, Rozdrazewski, Kiedrzynski, Mycielski, Sokolowski, Ciesielski, Bardzki - which I presented below, had direct connections with Kamieniec Podolski and Jedlno.
It was in Kamieniec Podolski in 1767 that Carsten Niebuhr was returning through India and Turkey to Warsaw and Denmark. In 1761, he started the expedition, and guided the ships to Malta. Here Illuminati and Pinto greeted and welcomed him.
Everything, however, had a beginning in Russia - and its main goals were the weakening of England - 1776, France - 1789, Spain, and the liquidation of Poland - 1772/1795. After 1799, the Order of Malta evacuated to St. Petersburg, its main ally.

Rozdrazew - 15 km south-west to Dobrzyca and 27 km west to Sobotka [see below].

In Sobotka:
22 km west to KALISZ; 8 km north-east to BIEGANIN of the Kiedrzynskis; 10 km north-east to Skrzebowa.

JAKUB Kiedrzynski had 2 daughters:
A. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD / Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. 1770/1772 - 1811. In Sobotka {Sobotka - 22 km west to KALISZ; 8 km north-east to BIEGANIN of the Kiedrzynskis but NOT on south-west to KROSNIEWICE !}, in 1798, married to Jan Arnold 1751 - 1840, the owner of Pecherzow / PECHERZEW - 8 km north-east to Turek and 19 km north to DOBRA.
Julianna Kiedrzynska was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw - 27 km west to Aleksandrow Kujawski.
Witness Maciej Bogdanski, the official in KALISZ.
He was 3rd married in 1813 in LISKOW, 17 km west to WILCZKOW [the locality with the Kiedrzynskis], south to MADALIN, 8 km south-west to BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski.
In 1831 Jan Arnold and Jan Lindeman, citizens of the capital, and footwear manufacturers have distinguished themselves. They gave footwear for the Polish army.
B. Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW' - married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski.

Juliana's son Mateusz Arnold was studied in Warsaw in 1823, b. 1804, m. Jozefa Ilowiecka, with grandson Julian Pius Ludwik Arnold, b. 1840.
Juliana's granddaughter, 1845-1935, married in 1867 in OSZCZEKLIN to WOLOWSKI ie. Marian Jozef Edward Wolowski, 1838 - 1909, the son of Ksawery WOLOWSKI, b. Dec. 1792 - Warsaw, d. 1867 in Oszczeklin, studied in Warsaw, married Agnieszka Basinska.

Mentioned OSZCZEKLIN, ca 1790, was bought Stanislaw Potocki. In 1854 Oszczeklin was owned by Ksawery Wolowski, with new village Ksawerow.

Mentioned Jan Arnold b. 1751 - died in 1840 in Pietrzykow [Pietrzykow / Pietrzykowo, a village in the Kozminek community, within the Kalisz County. South to named Kozminek, 6 km north-west to Oszczeklin. Mentioned OSZCZEKLIN, ca 1790, was bought Stanislaw Potocki. In 1854 Oszczeklin was owned by Ksawery Wolowski, with new village Ksawerow]. Jan Arnold, 1751 - 1840, was the son of Maciej ARNOLD, and Bogumila Zebrowska.

KOTLIN:

Nepomucena Pradzynska, 1790 - 1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847
[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797. Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka.
{Melchior's brother was named Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.
Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825}.

Melchior Jan Pradzynski b. 1753 in Mrowino [at half way from Szamotuly to Poznan], died 1797, son of Antoni Pradzynski 1710-1761, and Marianna Czaplicka; husband of Petronela KIEDRZYNSKA !; father of 1. Andrzej Pradzynski and 2. Jozef Pradzynski;

1. Andrzej Pradzynski, 1794-1872; born in Kowalew / KOWALEWO close to PLESZEW, 5 km east to Orpiszewek of Kiedrzynski; north-east to Dobrzyca. His father Melchior Pradzynski born in MROWINO, in 1753 [at half way from Szamotuly to Poznan]. Petronela Pradzynska - Kiedrzynska, b. 1767/1769, was the mother of above Andrzej Pradzynski born in KOWALEWO / Kowalew close to PLESZEW, 4 km to south-west [14 km north-east to DOBRZYCA, north to Bieganin, 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK], in 1794, d. in ZERKOWO, was living in WODZISKA close to STRZEMBORZA [close to Koluszki is situated Strzemboszewice]; and
2. Jozef Pradzynski b. ca 1792.

Andrzej Pradzynski 1794-1872 -
born in KOWALEW / Kowalewo - 12 / 13 km east to DOBRZYCA; close to Pleszew, and 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK; close to Lutynia, Fabianow and KOTLIN.
Died in 1872 in Zerkowo / ZERKOW close to Nowe Miasto by the WARTA river, and north to Jarocin, north-west to PLESZEW.

The Polish Republicans Society and The Free Poles Association [Zwiazek Lechitow] together with other underground organizations like the Union of Scytheman - it was just life, genealogy and history of Mycielski Erazm; Jakub Kiedrzynski; Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski; Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI; Pawel BARDZKI; Wincenty Jozef PRADZYNSKI; Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski:

Mycielski Erazm (1769-1800), Colonel, activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and of The Polish Republicans Society.
He was the son of Aleksander MYCIELSKI and Konstancja Marianna Dahlke. He was born probably in Kamieniec Podolski.
Co-operated with Dzialynski in the autumn of 1793 in Grodno.
Erazm was already in a plot of officers of the Warsaw garrison with Jan Henryk Dabrowski, against entering Prussian army.
He was a member of the lodge 'Temple of Isis' and probably joined the underground in the autumn of 1793. Co-founder of the underground plot in 1794 and activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection. In 1795 he managed the Great Poland underground club in Poznan. In 1796 Erazm Mycielski was associated with the Lviv Centralization. After the March arrests of 1794 and Erazm entered the new body of the reborn conspiracy, the so-called Civil and Military Council.
Jozef Wybicki, as well as Jan Kilinski, assessed very high the activity of Mycielski Erazm.
In the autumn 1794 Erazm moved to the PLESZEW county:
Wyszki - 17 km north-west to PLESZEW; 4 km north-west to KOTLIN; 11 km north to DOBRZYCA; 8 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of Kiedrzynski !
And in
Magnuszewice - 4 km west to KOTLIN; 6 km north-west to Orpiszewek.

GOLUCHOW

- 14 km south-east to PLESZEW, at way to KALISZ;
5 km north to Czerminek;
12 km south to Rokutow [compare Kiedrzynski];
14 km north-east to Sobotka;
20 km south-east to Broniszewice [Mycielski Erazm alias ERASMUS Mycielski (1769-1800) - the conspirator after the fall of the uprising in 1794].

Goluchow Castle was built between 1550 - 1560. Leszczynski sold in 1695 named Goluchow to Suszko;
then next owners:
Gorowski;
Chlebowski;
Swinarski;
Suchorzewski.

In 1853 / 1856, Tytus Dzialynski [the family from PAKOSC] bought the Castle for his son Jan Kanty Dzialynski and his wife Izabella Czartoryski married Dzialynska, the daughter of Duke Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.

Jan Kanty Dzialynski financed and organized the January Uprising in Greater Poland in 1863.
The collapse of the uprising and the default conviction handed down to him by the Prussian authorities (set aside only in 1871) forced him to emigrate.
To protect Goluchow against confiscation, Izabella Dzialynska bought the castle from Dzialynskis' hands. In 1875 - 1885 she carried out a reconstruction combined with renovation.

After Izabella's death in 1899, the property was transformed into the ordination, with the museum, inherited by her nephew, Prince Witold Czartoryski.
Goluchow remained in the hands of the Czartoryski family until the outbreak of World War II.
I wrote above, in 1853, the Goluchow castle was bought by Tytus Dzialynski, for his son Jan Kanty. Tytus Adam Dzialynski (1796 - 1861, was the son of Ksawery Dzialynski, the owner of Pakosc - compare Tadeusz Wolanski and the Czolgosz family) was a Polish political activist and protector of arts and a Prussian politician.

Above Ksawery Szymon Tadeusz Dzialynski b. 1756 in Konarzewo, and died in 1819 in named Konarzewo; Senator of the Warsaw Duchy and the Congress Kingdom.
KSAWERY Dzialynski and Ignacy Dzialynski, both, were the owners of PAKOSC, close to Inowroclaw and Znin.
Then PAKOSC belonged to the Knights Council Lieutenant, Johann Carl von Gerhardt of Flatow, ie. in 1789/1792 until 1802.
Ksawery Dzialynski was the son of Augustyn Dzialynski, the Kalisz governor [Augustyn was the owner of PAKOSC], and Anna Radomicka, the daughter of Jan Antoni Radomicki, the Inowroclaw governor. In 1782 he was MP. In 1786 Count in Prussia.

Very interesting that the family of Countess Maria Dorota Leopoldyna Czapska (nick-name Dorota Obuchowicz, Maria Strzalkowska, and Dorota Thun), b. 1894 in Praga, died 1981, Maisons-Laffitte, Polish historian, the sister of Jozef Czapski, the grand-daughter of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, met and was talking in Belarus to (in 1892) Bogdan Hutten-Czapski, the next of kin of the Belarussian branch of the Czapskis, who described an estate of the Czapski family close to Minsk; she was in Paris 1925 - 1930.

Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Czapski Hutten born 1725
(son of Ignacy Hutten-Czapski b. ca 1699 / 1700, who was the brother of
Franciszek Hutten-Czapski [m. Katarzyna Skorzewska - compare SKORZEWSKI in Raszkow of the Kiedrzynskis],
Jozef Piotr Hutten-Czapski, and
Teresa Pawlowska.
And - acc. to me - Jakub Hutten-Czapski b. ca 1700),
d. 1802 in Warsaw; his children:
a.
Maria Hutten-Czapska b. 1760 m. Gen.-Major Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski of Bukowiec, 1804 Count, with children:
1. Franciszek Ignacy Dionizy Hutten-Czapski b. 1797;
2. Antonina Skorzewski

[Css Antonina Barbara Skorzewska, nee Hutten-Czapska, 1802 - 1872 in Kretkow; the daughter of Mikolaj Adrian Joachim Hutten-Czapski and Maria Hutten-Czapska.
Wife of Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski b. 1803 in Nekla.
Mother of Joanna Helena Gliszczynska; and Wanda Szymanowska.

Above Antoni Beniamin Bartlomiej Skorzewski was the son of Jozef SKORZEWSKI and Helena Lipska.

See -
TADEUSZ WOLANSKI and Rajmund Skorzewski of Czerlejno / Czerniejew / Czerniejew-Radomice, ie. Rajmund Jozef Jan Skorzewski, Count, b. 1791 in Nekla, at the way from Kostrzyn to Wrzesnia.

Rajmund Skorzewski d. 1859 in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county, 9 km east to Przemet, 6 km south-west to Popowo Stare, 9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.
RAJMUND Skorzewski in 1823 married Marianna Balbina Seweryna Lipska.
He was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska - compare above.
Jozef Skorzewski leased RASZKOW from the Kiedrzynskis.
Marianna was the daughter of Jozef Lipski, and she was his cousin. Rajmund Skorzewski was the insurgent in 1848, in Czerniejewo. In 1840 in Berlin he took a title of Count. Rajmund's mother was above Helena Skorzewska, nee Lipska, 1766 - 1832, married JOZEF Skorzewski = Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski, b. in 1757 in Komorze, close to Nowe Miasto by Warta river, and died ca 1809.
Helena was the daughter of Jan Lipski and Marianna Kozminska];
b.
Anna Hutten-CZAPSKI b. ca 1765

[Anna was the granddaughter of
Augustyn Dzialynski, 1715 - 1759. Augustyn Dzialynski was the owner of PAKOSC. Augustyn was the Wschowa official - see Stanislaw Kostka Kiedrzynski in Wschowa - in 1742-1743, the governor of Kalisz in 1750-1758;
Augustyn Dzialynski in 1730 - the owner of PAKOSC; Kornik, Koscielec, Dzialyn, Konarzew, Sokolow and Zakrzew.
Augustyn married Anna Radomnicka of Inowroclaw, with 4 daughters and 2 sons:
Ignacy Dzialynski and Ksawery Dzialynski; both of the sons owned Koscielec near to PAKOSC].

Anna Czapski married Jozef Oskierka

[JOZEF Oskierka was the son of Antoni Oskierka, b. ca 1740, and Teresa Eperyaszy.

Antoni Oskierka was the son of Ludwik Gerwazy Oskierka, 1710 - 1770 and Teresa Tyzenhauz.
And the grandson of
Antoni Oskierka, senior, 1670-1734 {see: Miezonka of the Konstantynowicz from Radziwill} and Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda];
c.
Ignacy CZAPSKI born 1770,
d.
Franciszek CZAPSKI b. ca 1770;
e.
Karol CZAPSKI, b. in Minsk 1777 - died in 1836, m. Fabianna Obuchowicz (next generation -
Emeryk CZAPSKI, b. 1828);
f.
Stanislaw CZAPSKI, 1779-1844, m. Zofia Obuchowicz, Colonel under Napoleon.

Above Anna Czapska married Jozef Oskierka.

Anna Czapska Oskierka, b. 1762, was the daughter of
Franciszek CZAPSKI and Dorota Dzialynska / Dorota Jozefina Dzialynska, b. 1743 in NAKLO by the Notes river, and she died in 1763
[Dorota Dzialynska Czapska was the daughter of mentioned above
Augustyn Dzialynski, b. 1715 in Naklo - died in 1759 {see PAKOSC};
the granddaughter of Jozef Dzialynski].

Goluchow - Karsy with Bona Kiedrzynska and Teodor Billewicz:

In Sobotka in 1783, Teodor Bilewicz - from Lithuania, official in Zmudz, m. Cecylja Kozuchowska;
witnesses:
Jozef Gomolinski, the official at the Royal Court, Antoni Szkulski, and Andrzej Kaczkowski; wedding was in KARSY.

Sobotka in 1779, bpt.; but in Gutow in the Malczewski manor, was born Marjanna Wardenska, the daughter of Antoni Wardenski and Ludwika Kiedrzynska Wardenska; godparents: Kasper Zakrzewski and Marjanna Bogdanska.

In 1788, Antoni Szkulski owner of Szkudl; his friends - Jan Nepomucen Kozuchowski and Juljanna Kozuchowska - owners of Karsy, Wierzchoslaw, Czechel.
1751, Bartlomiej and Joanna Boguslawski, the owners of Sobotka.
1824, Kasper Wyssogota Zakrzewski died; the owner of Gutow; born in 1738.
1830, Jozef Otto Trampczynski died; the owner of Karsy; buried in Kucharki; born in 1733.
1790, Katarzyna Radolinska of Chorze died; owner of Karsy, buried in Kalisz.
1763, Stanislaw Kostka Dydak Aleksander Jozef was born; son of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Walichnowska;
Walichnowska was the daughter of an owner of Karsy, Wierchoslaw, Bobry, Ciechel, Grudzielec, Magnuszewice.

Gutow - 3 km south to Sobotka; 6 km north to Bedzieszyn; 5 km south to KARSY; 18 km west to KALISZ.

1801, in Karsy, Jan Kromer, the Prussian lieutenant, married Wiktorja Grudzielska. She was born 1755; witnesses:
Jozef Trampczynski owner of Karsy;
Osinski owner of Czechel.

Mentioned above Teodor Billewicz / Bilewicz - the Confederate Marshal of the WILKOMIERZ county in 1764.
But we know on Teodor Bilewicz, the friend of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill.
Starygrod - 11 km north-west to Krotoszyn, the city.
Starygrod in 1686: Petronella Jadwiga, was born to Stanislaw Walichnowski and Dorota from Kuklinow.
Kozuchowski - compare the family of Trubecki - Kalinowski.

KARSY - here BONA Kiedrzynska of KARSY - is situated in the Kalisz prov.; close to Goluchow - 8,5 km; near Pleszew - 14 km.
Karsy - 2,5 km west to Kucharki, 5 km north-east to SOBOTKA; 8 km north to GUTOW; and south-west to GOLUCHOW.

Mentioned above Teodor Billewicz / Bilewicz - the Confederate Marshal of the WILKOMIERZ county in 1764. In Sobotka in 1783, Teodor Bilewicz - from Lithuania, the official in Zmudz, m. Cecylja Kozuchowska; witnesses:
Jozef Gomolinski, official at the Royal Court,
Antoni Szkulski, and
Andrzej Kaczkowski; wedding was in KARSY.

Genealogy of TEODOR Billewicz, Motiejus Bilevicius, and Tadeusz Billewicz / Tadas Bilevicius:

Walerian Billewicz, the officer in Dyrwiany Male in 1788-1795, d. 1785 or 1795. Dyrwiany - Dirvonenai, west of Siauliai / SZAWLE [here was living ca 1785 Jan Wolanski, the father of Tadeusz Wolanski of Pakosc], north of Raseiniai.
Walerian Billewicz was father of
Joachim Billewicz;
Anna Pilsudska;
Jozef Billewicz the Freemason and CONSPIRATOR;
Wojciech Billewicz;
Eufrozyna Biallozor and
Emiliana.

Kazimierz Pilsudski b. ca 1750, d. ca 1820, officer in Rosienie, married in 1786 in Krakes, near Kiejdany [Krakes - east of Raseiniai], to above named Anna Billewicz 1761 - 1837.

Mentioned Walerian's father was Piotr Billewicz, who was son of Zygmunt Billewicz, born ca 1640.
Zygmunt was brother of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor Stefan Billewicz, 1655-1697,
and Teodor Billewicz, senior, had a son
Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Billewicz, b. 1690.
Aleksander was father of TADEUSZ BILLEWICZ / Tadas Bilevicius,
and Teodor Billewicz of KARSY.

Named above Zygmunt's father was Stefan Billewicz / Bilevicius, ca 1610 - 1678.

Teodor Billewicz - Chamberlain of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski from 1765; the member of the Bar Confederation of the Duchy of Samogitia; he was living together with Tadeusz Billewicz, brother, from 1771.
Teodor was the official in Wilkomierz in 1765, MP three times; in 1764 he was the district administrator of the Wilkomierz county to the confederation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1764 he was an supporter of Stanislaw August Poniatowski from the Wilkomierz county. The deputy of the Vilnius province to the parliament of 1764.

Above named Tadeusz Billewicz - died on August 12, 1788/1790, the Castellan of Troki from 1788, governor of Mscislaw since 1786, Castellan of Mscislaw from 1783, a marshal of the Duchy of Samogitia to the Bar Confederation from 1771, a consort of the Perpetual Council, the official in the province of Torun in 1764. He was an supporter of Stanislaw August Poniatowski in 1764 from the Duchy of Samogitia. Member of Parliament from 1776 of Duchy of Samogitia. Consulter of the Military Department of the Perpetual Council in 1788.
Billewicz Tadeusz, was the eldest son of Aleksander Jerzy (b. 1690 - 1755).

Remember -
Jan Billewicz b. ca. 1790 was the grandson of named Aleksander Jerzy BILLEWICZ (b. 1690), who was the supporter of Stanislaw Leszczynski in 1733, so apparently a supporter of Czartoryski and not Radziwill. He has the brother - Jan.
Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, he was MP in 1744. Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz b. ca 1690 - died in 1764 or 1755, was son of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor STEFAN Billewicz and Helena Gruzewska / Elena.

Tadeusz Billewicz 1728 - 1788 was son of above Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius and Ona Bileviciene.

Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, was living in Ruszcza, and also in the Vilkomir county. Married Anna Romer; he send his sons: Tadeusz and Jerzy Billewicz to schools in Koenigsberg.
In Nieswiez, Teodor Billewicz and Mateusz Billewicz - his next sons - were living.
Orphaned (1755) brothers at first were supported the Radziwill prince - Michal "Rybenko".
Brigadier Golicyn arrested Jerzy Billewicz and Mateusz Billewicz in Rosienie, before 17 October 1768. In the following year, nothing was heard about the Billeviches. Only in connection with Oginski, son-in-law of Michal Czartoryski, the Billewiczs supported the Bar confederation.

Teodor Billewicz, in July 1771, is recruiting, at the secret meeting, Jacek Antoni Puttkamer, the former marshal of the duchy. Teodor Billewicz not wanting to recognize the partition, sat in Gdansk in 1772;
in the autumn of 1773 together with K. Radziwill visited Mainz, Dresden, he went to Gdansk, and again, to leave for a few years to Germany.
Probably he returned to Zmudz at the same time when back to Nieswiez Radziwill (1778).
At that time, he accepted the chamberlain post from Stanislaw August Poniatowski ca 1779/1780 - compare Jan Wolanski in Szawle ca 1770/1795.

See:
Jozef Billewicz (b. ca 1760/1765 - d. 1850) - the Marshal of Rosienie; the son of Mateusz Billewicz b. 1735/1740, and Anna Eugenia Lopacinski (1753-1789), the daughter of Ignacy Blazej Stanislaw Lopacinski, 1722-1776 + Judyta Prozor / Jutyta Prozor, 1730-1812.

Mentioned MATEUSZ Billewicz (born ca 1735) = Motiejus Bilevicius - was the son of Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius / Aleksander Jerzy Billewicz, b. ca 1690 - died in 1764 or 1755
[who was the son of Teodoras Steponas Bilevicius / Teodor Billewicz and Helena Gruzewska / Elena.
Tadeusz Billewicz 1728 - 1788 was also the son of above Aleksandras Jurgis Bilevicius and Ona Bileviciene].

JOZEF Billewicz, the Conspirator - b. ca 1760/1765, the marshal of the Rosienie county. The son of Mateusz Billewicz (b. ca 1735) and Anna Eugenia Lopacinska.
Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ;
Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons:
Jozef, b. ca 1760/1765, MP in 1793 {Jozef Billewicz (died 1850) - the marshal of the Rosienie county; the member of the Patriotic Society};
Jan;
Ignacy;
Tadeusz junior.

Named above
ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province;
2. Jerzy BILEWICZ (born circa 1730), studied in Krolewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};
3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz [in KARSY] (he was born ca 1734);
4. Mateusz Bilewicz (b. ca 1735) also lived in Smorgonie, and NIESWIEZ.

Named above JOZEF Billewicz (b. ca 1760/1765) - in 1789 in Samogitia; Ruthenian civilian-military commissar of the Duchy of Samogitia (1790), the confederate of the Targowica Confederation (1792), a member of the Grodno Parliament (1793),
chamberlain of the Rosienie (1800).
On August 15, 1812, elected him the deputy to the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, later he became the marshal of the gentry in ROSIENIE.
Master of the "Palemon" of the Masonic Lodge (1820-21) and honorary member of Vilnius lodges: "Perfect Unity" and "Good Shepherd".
In May 1821, he was admitted to the Patriotic Society during the meeting of the Society near Vilnius.
He married Anna Szemiot, they had two daughters:
Urszula Billewicz (the later wife of Ludwik Pilsudski)
and Kunegunda (the later wife of Ezekiel Staniewicz);
after his death, the Billewicze estate (today's Biliunai village) passed into the hands of the Pilsudski family.

We back to the Dzialynskis:
The Dzialynskis of Dzialyn in the Dobrzyn district, and in the Great Poland, Kujawy (Runow, Bnin, Szarlej, Pakosc, Bakowo, Konarzew).
Zygmunt Dzialynski (d. 1685), the official in Nieszawa and Inowroclaw, the owner of Pakosc, had a daughter Helena, and 5 sons:
Andrzej;
Maciej (d. 1694/1695);
Jakub (d. 1730);
Jan (d. 1692/1693) and
Pawel Dzialynski (d. 1693/1695) the owner of Kornik and Pakosc - Koscielec.

Pawel's sons [+ Magdalena Leszczynski]:
1.
Aleksander Dzialynski (1683 - 1739), a bishop of Kujawy and Wloclawek;
2.
Zygmunt Dzialynski (d. 1719/1721), the owner of named Kornik and Pakosc - Koscielec;
3.
Jozef Dzialynski, m. Marianna Potulicki, with daughter Magdalena and 2 sons:
Marcin (d. 1746), and
Augustyn Dzialynski (1715 - 1759) [see above], the Wschowa official [see Stanislaw Kostka Kiedrzynski in Wschowa] in 1742-1743, the governor of Kalisz in 1750-1758;
1730 - the owner of Pakosc;
Kornik, Koscielec, Dzialyn, Konarzew, Sokolow; Zakrzew.
Augustyn married Anna Radomnicka of Inowroclaw, with 4 daughters and 2 sons:
Ignacy Dzialynski and Ksawery Dzialynski [both of the sons owned Koscielec - Pakosc].

Ignacy Dzialynski (1754 - 1797), MP in 1788, and the Constitution of 3 May 1791 supporter.

And above Ksawery = Franciszek Ksawery Dzialynski (1756 - 1819), MP, the member of the Provisional Temporary Council during the uprising in 1794, a member of the Government in Warsaw, the governor of the Kingdom of Poland - 1815.

The Dzialynski family was the owners of PAKOSC for over 200 years.
Pakosc / Stadt Pakosch in 1772-1807 belonged to Prussia. The landlord Augustyn Dzialynski in 1751, owned Koscielec and Pakosc / Pakosch.
The Dzialynski family sold the Pakosch estate, for political reasons. The last owners, the two brothers, Ignaz Dzialynski and Xaver Dzialynski, sold their possessions in West Prussia through a contract, completed on May 13, 1789, and on January 10 1792 was confirmed by the court, to the hands of the Knights Council Lieutenant, Johann Carl von Gerhardt of Flatow.
The older of the brothers Dzialynski, Xaver [Ksawery Dzialynski], bought Kornik at the Poznan province, the estate was still part of Poland; his line died with his son, Count Tytus Dzialynski.
The younger one line, which is located in Podolia, is still flourishing today.

Named Johann Karl von Gerhardt, born in Konigsberg on 27 Oct 1752, died in Berlin on 16 Apr 1829 with the Prussian patent of nobility on 9 Oct 1787. By the way, Johann Carl von Gerhardt was only a few years in possession of the Pakosch estate - he already has sold them at the end of 1802, to the Knights Council member, Joseph / Jozef Mieczkowski.

Landlords - the owners of the Pakosch land since 1803:
Norbert Zielinski, Justice of the Peace of Inowrazlaw district / Inowroclaw.
Ignacy Suminski / Ignatz von Suminski since 1804 together and since 1808 alone.
In 1821 we have inf. on the citizenship of Pakosch and noblemen, such as Skorzewski owned Lubostron [10 km north-west to Barcin], and Lochocki the owner of Bartschin / Barcin, 17 km north-west to Pakosc.

The above mentioned Norbert Zielinski retained the rule until the year 1820, then moved to the royal capital of Berlin, and
from Zielinski again in 1829, the district Inowroclaw administrator Thaddeus Wolanski / Tadeusz Wolanski bought Pakosc / Pakosch.

Tadeusz Wolanski of Inowroclaw / Inowrazlaw was the last landlord of Pakosch / PAKOSC, who still has the material relations with citizens. It seems that he has goodwill enough to lead a successful solutions for both parties to the conflict in Pakosc.

Mentioned Augustyn Dzialynski b. 1715, d. 1759, in 1750 the Kalisz governor.
The son of Jozef Dzialynski + Marianna Potulicki.
Augustyn was the owner of Pakosc - Koscielec; Kornik; Dzialyn; Konarzew; Sokolow; Zakrzew.

Parishes close to Pleszew:

The Broniszewice estate was at half way from the church in Chocz to the church of Czermin.

In Kotlin was the St Kasimir parish;
a church in Lutynia - 2 km south-west to Orpiszewek;
and a church in Dobrzyca - 6 km south-west to Lutynia;
Magnuszewice - 4/5 km west to the Kotlin church;
Wyszki - 3 km north to named Magnuszewice;

7 km east to Dobrzyca - the Sosnica church is situated;
Kowalew near to Pleszew - a church was 6 km north-east to Sosnica;

Grodzisko - 4 km south-east to the Broniszewice landestate;
Rokutow - 9 / 10 km east to the Lenartowice church; Rokutow is situated 8 km south-east to mentioned GRODZISKO.

Rozdrazew - 15 km south-west to Dobrzyca and 27 km west to Sobotka.

Brief note to
Jozef WEZYK older + Helena Jordan, born ca 1730, lived in BRONISZEWICE:

Broniszewice / Bronischewitz, 11 km north-east-north to PLESZEW [see Jakub Kiedrzynski], 9 km north-east to CZERMIN; 5 / 6 km north to Pacanowice and 4 km north-west to GRODZISKO. 18 km north-east to KOTLIN, 22 km north-east to DOBRZYCA, 24 km north to SOBOTKA.

Broniszewice -
Kazimierz Wielowiejski and Maksymilian Wielowiejski, the owners ca 1730/1749; they sold BRONISZEWICE in 1749 to Jozef WEZYK of Osiny.

JOZEF Wezyk was the Konary official in 1768-1771, in Wielun in 1758-1768; the member of the Radom Confederation in 1767, husband of named Helena Jordan. They had children born in BRONISZEWICE:
1. Teresa WEZYK married Franciszek Stadnicki,
and
2. Konstancja Wezyk married Pawel Skorzewski.

Jozef Wezyk died bef. 1775; and the Skorzewski family took Broniszewice: Pawel, and next Michal Skorzewski, the Poznan official, m. Ludwika Hutten-Czapska, 1709-1799, buried in PYZDRY
[with a daughter Anastazja Sczaniecka born 1752 in Komorze near to Nowe Miasto by the Warta river, and Anastazja was buried in Michorzewo, the Nowy Tomysl County; Anastazja was the mother of BRYGIDA MIELZYNSKA - b. 1775, died in Poznan, m. Mikolaj Gorgoni Mielzynski - the grandson of ANDRZEJ MIELZYNSKI b. 1698 - see PAWLOWICE close to Leszno, Poniec and ROKOSOWO;
It was the family of MIELZYNSKI in BASZKOW near to KROTOSZYN - see Angela MERKEL].
Michal in 1786 was the owner of Broniszewice.
Michal Skorzewski died in 1789, and Broniszewice inherited STADNICKI ie. the children of above Teresa WEZYK married Franciszek Stadnicki:
1. Antoni STADNICKI, younger [the owner of Broniszewice 1789 until ca 1800; then he was living in ZMIGROD, died in Trzcinica close to Jaslo in Austria in 1836];
2. Ignacy Stadnicki [he was living bef. 1809 in Cracow; died in 1818 in LAGANOW, close to PROSZOWICE, north-east to Cracow, the Kingdom of Poland under Russia],
3. Anna, Tekla, and Helena.

Next landlord of Broniszewice [11 km north-east-north to Pleszew; close to ROKUTOW; 4 km north-west to Grodzisko !] - Michal's Skorzewski son - Jozef Ignacy Wojciech Skorzewski.

Helena Jordan, b. ca 1730, was the daughter of Jan Jordan, the Krakow official, 1690-1735, who married twice - with 1st wife had the son:
Spytek Rogatian Jordan, the Krakow official, 1730-1777;
from 2nd wife:
Helena Jordan, b. ca 1730 + Jozef Wezyk older [Jozef Wezyk was the Konary Sieradzkie (1768-1771) official; 1710-1771], with children:
Teresa Wezyk b. 1740/1748 [Franciszek Stadnicki 1742-1810 + Teresa Wezyk b. ca 1748] and Konstancja Wezyk, 1750/1760-1778.

Teresa Wezyk married ca 1768/1770 to named Franciszek Stadnicki, 1742-1810.
Franciszek STADNICKI was the son of Antoni Stadnicki, the Ostrzeszow official, older, 1710-1777 + Teresa Potocka.

Franciszek's daughters and a son:
1. Helena Stadnicka, 1770-1841 + Count Wojciech Mecinski, younger, born 1760
- see below !;
2. Tekla Stadnicka 1775-1843 + Jan Kanty Edward Stadnicki;
3. Anna Maria Stadnicka 1776-1852 + Stanislaw Aleksander Ignacy Malachowski;
4. Ignacy Stadnicki, 1777-1828 + Ksawera / Xawera Zboinska.

Franciszek Stadnicki (1742 - 1810), the Bar insurgent in 1768, defender of Cracow / Krakow. The Ostrzeszow official; MP of Wielun in 1764; the owner of Rymanow and Dukla (1809). Stadnicki Franciszek was the General of the Kalisz troops in 1792 and in 1794.
The son of Antoni STADNICKI of Ostrzeszow and Wyszogrod + his 2nd wife, Teresa Potocki Stadnicka, the daughter of Franciszek POTOCKI, Colonel + Marianna Stradomski, Szembek, Potocka.

Named Antoni Stadnicki, the Ostrzeszow official, 1710-1777 + Teresa Potocka. Antoni was the son of
Wladyslaw Jozef Stadnicki, b. ca 1670, d. 1737;
the grandson of
Jan STADNICKI + Katarzyna Kowieska.

Above named
Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow) younger, General of the Duchy of Warsaw, member of parliament and Senator of the Polish Kingdom.
Wojciech Mecinski younger in 1806 was appointed by the gen. Jan Henryk Dabrowski to the organizer and commander of the common uprising in the department of Kalisz [see Sulkowski, Mielzynski, Paszkowski and Fiszer]. There he formed a regiment / Lancers, and served under gen. Joseph Zajaczek; he actively defend members of the Patriotic Society. The November uprising in 1831.
Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow), younger, owner of ZARKI, was a member of the Masonic lodge in 1813.
The son of Adam Albert Mecinski + Aniela Stadnicka.
ADAM's parents:
Wojciech Mecinski of Radom, 1691-1752 / 1754, older
[his grandfather was Wojciech Kazimierz Mecinski of Wielun, 1630-1670 or Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka]
and Marianna Mecinska b. 1700 / 1710 [see below !].

Michal Mikolaj Mecinski [see below !] owner of Dzialoszyn, married Felicjanna Rudzka - daughter of Lukasz Rudzki, and Marianna Rzeczycka - with daughters:
Marianna and Anna.

Marianna Mecinska b. ca 1700 ? / 1710 !, m. Wojciech Mecinski (1691 - 1752 / 1754 in Czestochowa) older, officer in Radom, MP in 1736, Wielun in 1712, Ostrzeszow in 1717, the owner of Choruny, Domanowice, Ryczow, Kielczowice, Karlin, Bogdanow, Krezna, Wulka, Bobolice, Zaleze, Niegowonice, Mzurow, Mstyczow, Rodakow, Nowa Wies, Zimnowoda, Ogrodzieniec, Kleszczow,
Wola Krzysztoporska;

WOJCIECH Mecinski older was the son of Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka.

Above Michal Mecinski m. RUCKA / Rudzka also had 2 sons:
a. Jan Mecinski of Wielun, General, friend of AUGUST III;
b. second son was Wojciech Mecinski [3rd]
of Wielun and Radomsko [Wojciech Mecinski, 1698-1771], owner of DZIALOSZYN, MP, m. ANNA GLOGOWSKA-STADNICKA [Anna Glogowska b. 1700]
with son Stanislaw

[Stanislaw Mecinski, 1732-1799 in Lublin, was landowner of Dzialoszyn, Ossym, Barwinek, Tylawa, officer in Wielun, MP 5 times, co-operated with August CZARTORYSKI, m. Rozalia Kurdwanowska of Baranow with 3 sons and daughters

{TEKLA m. Aleksander Giedrojc of Lithuania.
Anna Mecinska b. 1775 daughter of Stanislaw b. 1732, owner of Dzialoszyn and Trebaczow, officer in Wielun 1759}:

Jozef,
Nepomucen,
Wincenty.
Named Jozef Mecinski was the lieutenant],

and with daughters [of mother ANNA GLOGOWSKA-STADNICKA-MECINSKA]:
1. Anna MECINSKA + Adam Myszkowski of Wielun
[Anna was the 2nd wife of Adam Myszkowski 1705 - d. after 1778, MP in 1738, stayed in Kielczyglow; Anna Mecinska b. ca 1718 - died after 1774, great-granddaughter of Konstanty Tomicki and Agnieszka Myszkowska];
2. ELZBIETA MECINSKA b. ca 1720, the Lady-owner of Jedlno + Aleksander WALEWSKI.

Aleksander Walewski {Alexander / Aleksander Walewski b. 1700 - d. 1751 or 1778} married Elzbieta Mecinska of Jedlno, born ca 1720;
Aleksander was the son of FRANCISZEK Walewski born ca 1675 / 1690, died 1745, owner of Rusiec {!}, Wieruszow
[before him to the Mecinski family],
Dabrowka, Jastrzebice, Broszecin, Wola Wiazowa {!}, Lesniaki.

Elzbieta's son -
Jozef WALEWSKI / Jozef Kalasanty Walewski, b. 1747 or 1743, died 1792, m. PAULINA RADOLINSKA;
in ca 1775 Jozef Walewski was heir of JEDLNO, Borki and Jankowice close to Jedlno, and also of Kalinowa close to Zdunska Wola.
Jedlno was property of Elzbieta Walewska nee Mecinska and her son, who sold Wieruszow in 1793; then this family owned also Wola Wiazowa and Rusiec.

My family:
Izydor Kiedrzynski who was born 1749 in Bieganin, married to HELENA born in 1762, and she died in Wola Wiazowa in 1828.
Izydor Kiedrzynski (Jan ? - a mistake) b. 1749 in Bieganin, the Raszkow parish (not in 1763; lived then in Galonki), m. ca 1785; his family lost assets before 1815; he lived in 1776/1798 in Jedlno with wife Helena b. 1762; Catholic, He died bef. 1802/1803. Helena Kiedrzynska back to Raszkow, and was owner of a manor in Raszkow, and the part of estate, with the Arnold family and with Ms Kiedrzynska-Arnold, to 1818. Helena Kiedrzynska was living then in Wola Wiazowa, in 1820/1821 until her death.
Helena Kiedrzynska lived in Jedlno, Raszkow until 1818; Rusiec, and since 1820 / 1821 in Wola Wiazowa; she died in Wola Wiazowa in April 1828. Izydor Kiedrzynski died bef. 1802/1803 in Jedlno. Above named Galonki - 9 km north-west of Radomsko, north-east of Wola Jedlinska and Jedlno [3 km south-west to Dobryszyce and 8 km south-east to Lgota Wielka].

Adam Kiedrzynski b. ca 1660 / 1670, son of Zofia Lubienska 1640 - 1692, the daughter of Wojciech LUBIENSKI, d. 1653, and Teofila Gorska, d. 1668, was living in Galonki.
They come from Jakob Kiedrzynski, the 1st senior, who b. 1668.

KAJETAN'S RADOLINSKI children:
1. Paulina Pulina Radolinska b. 1750, married mentioned above Jozef Kalasanty Walewski of Sieradz, 1747-1792,
with:
Ludwika Walewska 1775-1863 m. Jozef Niemojowski, 1760-1836;
Aleksander Jozef Colonna-Walewski 1778-1845 m. Tekla Walewska 1783-1862;
Wincenty Walewski 1785-1820 m. Konstancja Salomea Jozefa Walewska 1791-1843;
2. Karolina Radolinska 1757-1824,
3. Piotr RADOLINSKI, MP in 1790, 1760-1823, m. Tekla Celestyna Eleonora Lanckoronska of Brzezie, 1774-1849.

The SISTER of Antoni Jozef Lanckoronski of Brzezie, 1777-1850 + Ewa Mecinska, b. 1789 / 1790 {maybe ca 1780}, the daughter of ADAM MECINSKI, 1740-1796 - see JEDLNO and KIEDRZYNSKI.

Antoni Lanckoronski b. in Lanckorona in 1777, d. Paryz 1850, Count in the Polish Kingdom, 1824; orderly officer on the staff of Napoleon I, m.
Ewa Mecinska, the daughter of Adam Mecinski, and Aniela Stadnicka.

Antoni Lanckoronski had son Henryk Stanislaw Wojciech Lanckoronski, b. Mianocice close to Ksiaz Wielki in 1816, m. in Berlin in 1850 to Jadwiga Maria Walewska, the daughter of Karol Walewski and Maria Radolinska;
with a daughter Henryka Lanckoronska or Henrietta b. in Berlin in 1852 m. Henryk Gustaw Algernon Breza b. 1844.

BREZA'S second wife was Helena Soltyk 1857-1947
{her great-grandfather was Jozef Soltyk, 1750-1803 who was the brother to Maciej Kajetan SOLTYK, the Crown secretary, Senator and Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw};
he was the son of Fryderyk August Breza
{b. 1808; his grandparents were
Michal Breza of Lubaczow, 1718-1771, Ewa Zurawska, 1720-1794, Jozef Stanislaw Radolinski of Wschowa, 1730-1781 and Katarzyna Raczynska, 1744-1792}
and he was brother of Edward Breza 1847-1906 and Fryderyk August Leon junior Breza 1859-1908.

The genealogical branch of Kiedrzynski - Walewski - Sulimierski - Psarski - Madalinski - Galecki-Poniatowski - with Wola Pszczolecka and Wola Wiazowa [here my family]:

Michal Woroniecki was the husband of Eufemia ZIELINSKA, Woroniecka b. ca 1840, the daughter of Antoni Tymoteusz Zielinski b. 1792, and Anastazja PSARSKA b. 1810.

Anastasja was the daughter of Antoni Piotr Fabian Psarski b. 1766, the granddaughter of Wladyslaw Psarski b. after 1725;
the great-granddaughter of Franciszek Ksawery Psarski, 1691 - 1772 in Myslniew, the Ostrzeszow County, Greater Poland; burial in Ostrzeszow.
Son of Aleksander Psarski / Aleksander Marek Psarski, b. ca 1650.

Above PSARSKI ALEKSANDER MAREK died ca 1726, m. Marianna with sons:

A.

MIKOLAJ Psarski died 1762 (the branch of Tomasz Psarski married Kiedrzynska) m. Teresa Skrzynska. Mikolaj Psarski was the owner of Zielonczyn and Teresa Skrzynska, in 1786 was the owner of Wola Dzierlinska.

They had a son TOMASZ Psarski (born ca 1730 - died in 1807).

Tomasz Psarski married to Dorota Kiedrzynska, the daughter of:
Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720 and Franciszka Jackowski.

Dorota was 1 voto Wawrzyniec Grabinski.

Tomasz Psarski was 2nd voto Franciszka Rupniewska died 1826.

Dorota Kiedrzynska Psarska m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784, with son Jozef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809.

Tomasz Psarski had daughter Marianna Psarski, the owner of Wola Dzierlinska, m. Mikolaj Sulimierski son of Michal Sulimierski [the Sulimierskis were owners of Wola Pszczolecka] and Jadwiga Jaroszewska.

Jadwiga Sulimierska Jaroszewska had also a daughter Justyna, who married to Mateusz Tomasz SULIMIERSKI died 1842, the owner of Wilamow (12 km north of Uniejow) and Wola Pszczolecka.

Justyna Sulimierska, d. 1842, was the daughter of Jadwiga Jaroszewska.
Justyna had children:
a) Marianna SULIMIERSKI m. in 1826, to Jan Prawdzic Gowaszewski,
b) Antoni SULIMIERSKI 1800 - 1853, exiled to Siberia,
c) Wincenty SULIMIERSKI 1803 - 1871, clerk in Wola Dzierlinska.
d) Walenty SULIMIERSKI 1809-1847, found guilty of high treason, and with the brothers considered civilly deceased (see Gabriel Kiedrzynski in Jan. 1833)!
e) Faustyn SULIMIERSKI, major, died in Mchy in 1865, born in Kalisz in 1808, studied in Kalisz, an insurgent and the rebel in 1831, wounded in Ostroleka, emigrated, 1848 back to Krakow, then lived in Mchy in Ludwik Karsnicki's home.

Above Mateusz Tomasz Sulimierski had a brother Jozef Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec [near to Wola Pszczolecka !], and of Stryjow.

Mateusz Tomasz was the son of IGNACY SULIMIERSKI, the owner of Wola Pszczolecka (in 1781) married to Marianna Wyszlawska, the daughter of Mikolaj Wyszlawski and Elzbieta Wierzchleyska.

Ignacy Sulimierski was the brother of JOZEF SULIMIERSKI -
the owner of Lubiec, and Kuznica Lubiecka close to Wola Pszczolecka.

Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska. Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805, had a son Jan Sulimierski [born ca 1770 ?].

Jan Sulimierski married Magdalena Krasicka = Maria Krasicka.

Jan had a son Marceli Sulimierski / Marceli Jan Sulimierski, b. ca 1805, married to Zofia Szolowska / Joanna Szolochowska.

Wladyslaw Jan / Wladyslaw Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, the owner of Lubiec, south of Wola Pszczolecka [Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, m. Wladyslaw Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka], was the son of Marceli Sulimierski / Marceli Jan Sulimierski, b. ca 1805.

Above Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, m. Wladyslaw Sulimierski, the owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka (see Adam Kiedrzynski in Sulmierzyce).

Wladyslaw Jan / Wladyslaw Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka,
was son of Marceli / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, and Zofia Szołowska / Joanna Szolochowska.
Parents of above Marceli:
Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena Fundament-Krasicka.
Father of above Jan:
Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska.
Parents of above Jozef:
Michal Sulimierski [son of Marianna Stokowska], and unknown wife.

Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, was the daughter of
Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gorzuchow, Lisy, + Natalia Kreska d. ca 1833, the daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karsnicka.

Napoleon had a sibilings:

A.
Michal Walewski b. 1804, owner of Krzeslow (see Wola PSZCZOLECKA), Kurow, Wypychow, Podlesie, Dziuby, Stara Poczta,
B.
Justyna b. 1807,
C.
Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski b. 1795, owner of Parzymiechy, + Marianna Radolinska, a daughter of Piotr RADOLINSKI and Tekla Lanckoronska.

Napoleon was the son of Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI, 1754 - 1820, MP in 1776, + in 1784 to Martyna / Maksyma Wezyk, d. 1792 - owner of Kalinowa and Ligota, 1v. Andrzej Niemojowski, 2v. Ludwik Wezyk;

Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI 2nd m. in April 1794 to Kalinowska Janina / Antonina Kalinowska of Lelow, the daughter of Ignacy KALINOWSKI and Justyna Borzecka.

Antonina Kalinowska Walewska was 2nd time married in 1822 in Swierzyny, to Mikolaj Jaksa Krobanowski, b. ca 1771.

Ludwik Mikolaj WALEWSKI, 1754 - 1820 had the sister Rozalia Walewska + Jakub Madalinski.

Ludwik Mikolaj was the son of Wojciech WALEWSKI died in 1757, owner of Pstrekonie / Pstrokonie, m. in 1730, to Teresa Laszowska.

Wojciech had a brother Karol WALEWSKI died ca 1757, owner of Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. Brygida Galecka, the daughter of
Franciszek GALECKI and Ludwika Poniatowska
(BRYGIDA was 2nd married to Jan Radolinski).

Karol was the son of Stanislaw Franciszek WALEWSKI d. 1716, officer of Sieradz, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gronow, Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. in 1694, to Marianna Rozalia Siemianowska, 2nd to Krystyna Rychlowska - Trzebicki (she was 3rd married to Jan Feliks Walewski).

Note to above:
Stefan Walewski + ZAPOLSKA had son
ZYGMUNT d. 1689 + Anna Gostynska,
and grandson - mentioned Stanislaw Franciszek b. ca 1670, died 1716 + Siemianowska, + Rychlowska; with two sons:
Wojciech Walewski d. 1757 + Teresa Laszowska;
and KAROL WALEWSKI d. 1757 + BRYGIDA GALECKA 2v. RADOLINSKA.

We back to the PSARSKIs:

B.

FRANCISZEK KSAWERY Psarski, 1691 - 1772, owner of Cieszanowice, Poradzew, Gawlowice, part of Biala, Unikow, Myslniew close to OSTRZESZOW; and of Szklarka; and m. Teresa Silnicka / Sielnicka in 1726. Teresa Sielnicka b. 1700.

Teresa had children, among others:
1.
Jan Kanty Psarski b. ca 1730/1740; owner of Wielgie and DYMKI [in Dymki also Kiedrzynski], m. Teodora / Honorata Pstrokonska b. 1730 [the Pstrokonskis were relative of Kiedrzynski], with
a. Tomasz Psarski, junior, m. Jablkowska;
b. Honorata Psarska 1770-1831 m. Jakub Madalinski 1775-1833.
2.
Jakub Fryderyk PSARSKI, born ca 1730, d. 1805, owner of Myslniew close to Ostrzeszow.
3.
Konstancja Psarska m. in 1784, to Franciszek Ksawery Walewski d. ca 1805, owner of Wola Wiazowa, the son of
Franciszek Walewski, 1710-1745, the Rozprza official + DAMBSKA, 1700-1740;
the grandson of Zygmunt Walewski 1656 - 1716 + Marianna Koniecpolska.
The great-grandson of
Franciszek Walewski b. ca 1625 + Katarzyna Maczynska;
and the great-great-grandson of
Jan Franciszek Walewski b. ca 1605 + Konstancja Bogumila Zapolska.

Compare -
Stefan Walewski b. ca 1605 + ZAPOLSKA who had the son ZYGMUNT, b. ca 1640, d. 1689 + Anna Gostynska.

Maybe Jan Franciszek Walewski, b. ca 1605, was the brother of named above Stefan Walewski, b. ca 1605.

Ksawery Franciszek Walewski b. 1739, d. 1796 or ca 1805.

4.
Wladyslaw Psarski b. ca 1725.

Note to above Aniela Stadnicka Mecinska:

Wojciech Mecinski (1760 - 1839 in Cracow), younger, owner of ZARKI, was a member of the Masonic lodge in 1813.
The son of Adam Albert Mecinski + Aniela Stadnicka.
ADAM's parents:
Wojciech Mecinski of Radom, 1691-1752 / 1754, older
[his grandfather was Wojciech Kazimierz Mecinski of Wielun, 1630-1670 or Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka]
and Marianna Mecinska b. 1700 / 1710 [see below !].

Michal Mikolaj Mecinski [see below !] owner of Dzialoszyn, married Felicjanna Rudzka - daughter of Lukasz Rudzki, and Marianna Rzeczycka - with daughters:
Marianna and Anna.

Marianna Mecinska b. ca 1700 ? / 1710 !, m. Wojciech Mecinski (1691 - 1752 / 1754 in Czestochowa) older, officer in Radom, MP in 1736, Wielun in 1712, Ostrzeszow in 1717, the owner of Choruny, Domanowice, Ryczow, Kielczowice, Karlin, Bogdanow, Krezna, Wulka, Bobolice, Zaleze, Niegowonice, Mzurow, Mstyczow, Rodakow, Nowa Wies, Zimnowoda, Ogrodzieniec, Kleszczow,
Wola Krzysztoporska;

WOJCIECH Mecinski older was the son of Kazimierz Jan Jozef Mecinski (1660 - 1703), of Radom, and Barbara Teofila Warszycka.

BIEGANIN - 21 south-east-south to ORPISZEWEK; 18 south-east to DOBRZYCA:

In the autumn 1794, the conspirator Erazm Mycielski moved to the PLESZEW county:
in Wyszki - 17 km north-west to PLESZEW; 4 km north-west to KOTLIN; 11 km north to DOBRZYCA; 8 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of Kiedrzynski !
And in
Magnuszewice - 4 km west to KOTLIN; 6 km north-west to Orpiszewek.

Lutynia in 1852,
Franciszka Izabela KURCEWSKA, a daughter of Kurcewski Dezydery and Pelagia Kurcewska;
witnesses: Teodor Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska, b. ca 1820?

Lutynia - close to Pleszew and Dobrzyca by the Lutynia river; half way from PLESZEW to JAROCIN.
North-east of KROTOSZYN. Ca 1830, the owner - Jozefina Bogdanska.
Jozef Bogdanski aged 75, nobleman, was buried in Lutynia, at church in 1852, but he was died in Krotoszyn !

The GATKIEWICZ family and Rokossowski in the PAKOSLAW - KROTOSZYN region:

Pepowo in the Gostyn county, 16 km south-east of Gostyn, at half way from Gostyn to Krotoszyn, and east of Rokosowo!
In 1775 Zofja Rokossowska, wife of Klemens Karsznicki with her son Waclaw-Michal Karsznicki, together with Tomasz Rokossowski, the purpose of considering matters of inheritance after death of Marianna Rokossowska 1 voto Bogurska [Bogucka ?], 2nd voto Korytowska;
the estate was in Czeluscin close to PEPOWO, west of Krotoszyn [see Mielzynski and Merkel].

In 1772, Jakub Rokossowski, priest, a son of the widow of the deceased Karol Rokossowski;
mother nee Grodzicka, was an owner of Szczytniki; grandmother was nee Rokossowska - wife of Dankowski.

KAROLINA Gatkiewicz nee Korytowska was the daughter of Piotr Korytowski who died before 1783, and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska;
Karolina was born in Pakoslaw {south of above Pepowo, 14 west of RAWICZ, south-west of KROTOSZYN, see Mielzynski and Sulkowski}, d. 1850
[Piotr KORYTOWSKI m. also to Weronika Tekla Bartoszewska, 1730 - 1756; above
Ewa Rokossowska Korytowska was married also to Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski d. 1756].

Mikolaj Korytowski was the husband to Ewa Rokossowska [the 2nd; she was maried twice], the daughter of Karol Rokossowski and Marianna GRODZIECKA. Ewa Rokossowska Korytowska, the 2nd, was 2nd married to BONAWENTURA WALKNOWSKI / Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski, d. 1756, who was the brother of OWIDIUSZ WALKNOWSKI [Owidiusz married Brygida Bardzka sec. voto Jakub Kiedrzynski]. Mentioned Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1720, was the son of Antoni WALKNOWSKI and Urszula Mielzynska !
Kalisz in 1776:
Jozef Wierusz Walknowski, b. ca 1720/1730, the son of Franciszek Walknowski, judge in KALISZ, and Marianna Bilinski, 1 voto;
named Jozef Walknowski was a nephew to above Antoni Walknowski b. ca 1680/1690 [Antoni and Franciszek Walknowski b. ca 1690 were brothers ?], the official in WIELUN, and his wife Urszula Mielzynski.
In KALISZ in 1750:
Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski, the son of named Antoni Walknowski, the official in Wielun + Urszula Mielzynski; married Ewa Rokossowska, the daughter of Karol Rokossowski and Marianna Grodzicki.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA b. 1689 + Antoni Walknowski b. 1680.
With sons - OWIDIUSZ Walknowski;
Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski; and
Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski.
Urszula d. ca 1743, Wierusz-Walknowska born Mielzynska, had also a daughters
Katarzyna Sokolnicka born Wierusz-Walknowska
and Franciszka Bogucka nee Walknowska.
Urszula born Mielzynska in 1689, to Maciej Mielzynski and Katarzyna Anna Mielzynska born Mycielska.
Maciej MIELZYNSKI was born on August 31, 1636, in Niegolewo. Katarzyna was born ca 1655. Urszula had 5 siblings: Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, Krzysztof Mielzynski, and others.
BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770;
she was married two times:
to Owidiusz Walknowski and
to Jakub Kiedrzynski.
Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [Jakub was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
BRYGIDA's father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Brygida Bardzka Walknowska + JAKUB Kiedrzynski had two daughters:
1. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 / 1772-1811;
2. and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'. Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski.

Kiedrzynski, Jakub, died on 4 February 1798. His wife Brygida Bardzka - marriage in 1767, died in 1786 [her 1st husband Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski
with children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski, junior, b. 1769;
and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska.
OWIDIUSZ'S brother - Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski, senior, b. ca 1710, official in Kalisz, died in 1778 or in 1783.
Inf. about named Franciszek: in 1769, Jozef Wierusz Walknowski, the son of Franciszek, official in Kalisz, a court case of Bieczyny - close to Koscian and 7 km north to Czempin.
BIECZYNY - with Srocko Wielkie, belonged to Kwilecki in 1846.

ROKOSOWO is situated south-west of GOSTYN.

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz, b. 1800 - d. 1852 in Wola Pszczolecka [here was my family], was son of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz
[Tomasz GATKIEWICZ was a son of officer of Dyneburg who was b. before 1750, + mother who died in Kwaskow in 1824 and Tomasz was brother of Wiktoria Gatkiewicz b. after 1765-1838],
1766-1837 + Karolina Korytowska, b. 1760 - died in 1850 in Kwaskow / Kwaskowo - ca 4 km east of Blaszki
[Wrzaca south of BLASZKI and above Kwaskowo were in the same estate].

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz was married in 1827, in Sosnica to Franciszka Chlapowska 1800-1836, the daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski 1768-1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka, 1776-1848,
with a daughter Klementyna Karolina Tekla GATKIEWICZ, b. ca 1827, m. Cezary Wawrzyniec Ignacy Gatkiewicz b. ca 1820,
with a son Alojzy Wincenty Jozef Gatkiewicz, b. ca 1850 + Jozefa Bialecka.

Above Sosnica - 7 km west of Dobrzyca, south-west of Pleszew, north-east of Krotoszyn
[see Merkel, Bilewicz, Mielzynski].

Sosnica was the estate of Michal Chlapowski.

WLADYSLAW Sokolowski, b. 1836, was the member of the Agricultural Society of the Kingdom of Poland in 1861 - with Wolowski, Szymanowski and Leopold Kronenberg.
Wladyslaw Sokolowski lived in Biejkowska Wola by the PILICA river, south to GROJEC. 1880 - Sokolowski Wladyslaw was the owner of Bedziechow, from hands of KIEDRZYNSKI.
His parents:
Walenty Sokolowski b. ca 1799 - Juchnowiec Koscielny, 21 km south of Bialystok; studied in Warsaw, died in 1851 - Warsaw, married in WARSAW in 1830 to Eufrozyna Katarzyna Cissowska b. ca 1811 - Radomin, east of GOLUB DOBRZYN, d. 1851.
We know on
Franciszka Duszynska born Sokolowska in 1784, to Michal Sokolowski and Katarzyna Fidorow;
Michal was born in 1735, in Ostrow Mazowiecka. Franciszka had one brother Walenty Sokolowski
[compare:
Wladyslaw Ignacy Sokolowski, b. 1836 - Warszawa, was the son of Walenty Sokolowski born in 1799. Walenty b. 1799 maybe was the son of
KAZIMIERZ SOKOLOWSKI b. ca 1750 + Magdalena Mieroslawska b. 1769, d. 1829,
the daughter of Antoni Mieroslawski b. ca 1740, d. 1797, the official in Inowroclaw, and in Kruszwica, the judge in Inowroclaw, the Royal Court official + 1st wife Marianna Radonska b. ca 1745, d. 1775, + he married bef. 1779 2nd to Ksawera Franciszka Uminska].

Franciszka SOKOLOWSKA married Mateusz Duszynski b. 1788, in Dobrzyca, POLAND.
Franciszka married 2nd to Franciszek Brzostek in 1803, born in 1775, in Ostrow Mazowiecka.

The Ciesielski family, Trampczynski and Kiedrzynski were relatives:

Jozef Kiedrzynski born ca 1848.
Janina Ciesielska 1921 - 2006, was a granddaughter of Jozef Ciesielski b. 1871, in Jezyce, d. 1929 in Tomislawice; Janina was the great-granddaughter of
Franciszek Ciesielski b. ca 1839, d. 1906, in Trzebuchow +
Bibianna Dembinska, marriage in 1866 in Dobrzyca;
Franciszek was working in Sosnica close to Dobrzyca; Franciszek's father was Wojciech Ciesielski b. ca 1805, d. ca 1887, m. in 1825 to Malgorzata Bieganska.

Above named Dobrzyca, 18 km west of PLESZEW; north-east of Krotoszyn and west of GOSTYN.

Jozef Dembinski from Sieroszewice [14 km east of Ostrow Wielkopolski, north of OSTRZESZOW], b. 1821, son of Wojciech Dembinski + Konstancja nee Kiedrzynska [b. ca 1790/1800 ?],
m. in 1844 in Gorzyczki to Zuzanna Lawicka.

Nepomucen Dembinski b. 1823, brother of above Jozef DEMBINSKI, m. in 1843 in Dobrzyca, to Anastazja Szukalska, b. 1818 in Dobrzyca, with daughter Bibianne Dembinska / Bibianna DEMBINSKA Ciesielska, above named.

Kotlow in 1820, inf. on Juljanna Kiedrzynska from KOTLOW,
godmother - Rozalja nee Szeliski, Wiesiolowska owner of Strzyzew; Jozef Wiesiolowski of Strzyzew, and Marjanna Kaszynska of Nowolepsze; Mikolaj Garlicki of Nowolepsze.

KOTLOW, 1818 - inf. on Juljanna Kiedrzynska, Mss of Kotlow [JULIANNA b. ca 1800]; Kotlow - 18 km north of OSTRZESZOW [south to Kalisz].
In 1844, Gorzyczki, Jozef Dembinski of Sieroszewice, b. ca 1820/1821, son of Wojciech DEMBINSKI, and Konstancja Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1795 ??], married to Zuzanna widow from Gorzyczki, b. ca 1806, a daughter of Jan and Agnieszka Lawicki.

Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski had the son Aleksander Mycielski, born before 1723 - died in 1818
[died in Wyszki {Aleksander was living in Wyszki in 1790-1818}, close to KOTLIN {at half way from PLESZEW to Jarocin} and south-east to JAROCIN, and 10 km north to Dobrzyca; 9 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of the Kiedrzynskis],
the Crown Army lieutenant general in 1791 [in 1778 - General major], envoy, MP in 1780 of the Poznan province; very close to Jozef Aleksander Sulkowski, b. 1695, of RYDZYNA.
But Franciszek Sulkowski b. 1733 in Dresden, was in January 1776 established a treasurer, collector, and administrator of the Polish Priory [Maltese Order], and from October became the superior of the commandery of Saint John the Baptist [Maltese Order], from hands of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, ie. Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc, b. 1725, in la Mancha, Spain; the 70th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of St. John from 1775 to 1797 [in 1797 the Maltese Order in Russia].
Franciszek Sulkowski did not join to Rydzyna estate, created by his brother August Kazimierz Sulkowski, b. 1729 in Dresden.
ANTONI Sulkowski b. 1735 {the member of the Malta Order}, Franciszek Sulkowski {the Maltese Order} and August Sulkowski were the sons of named Aleksander Jozef Sulkowski b. 1695 + Maria Franciszka Stein zu Jettingen.

Mentioned Aleksander Mycielski, b. bef. 1723, served in 1758 - 1771 in Kamieniec Podolski; and had the son, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794
- a top CONSPIRATOR [see: Bardzki and Kiedrzynski].

Madalinski Aleksander, the owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow, m. 1725 to Barbara Walknowska - Walichnowska,
with children:
A. Kontancja Madalinska, m. in 1757 to Dominik Zelislawski, 2nd time married to Maksymilian Pradzynski, the son of Michal Pradzynski and Teresa Malachowska;
B. Kajetan Madalinski, d. ca 1784, the owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow, m. Dorota Kiedrzynska, the daughter of Andrzej KIEDRZYNSKI, and Franciszka Jackowska;
Dorota Madalinska was the owner of Wola Dzierlinska;
children of Kajetan Madalinski:
1. Michal Stanislaw Kostka b. 1776,
2. Anna;
3. Julianna b. 1775,
4. Waleria Jozefa b. 1778;
5. Jozef Wawrzyniec Kajetan Madalinski, b. 1774, Captain, owner of Kraszyn and Chodaki, m. Julianna Bogdanska, 1 voto Jakub Kiedrzynski;
with children:
a) Kunegunda b. ca 1809 in Orpiszewek (of the Kiedrzynskis), m. 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Jozef CHRZANOWSKI;
b) Sebastian Fabian Madalinski;

6. Jakub Hiacynt Madalinski b. 1775, m. Honorata Psarska daughter of Jan Kanty Psarski;
with children:
a) Anna Madalinska, b. 1797, m. in 1821 to Jozef Julian Walewski, the son of Andrzej WALEWSKI and Antonina Czartkowska, owner of Wola Balucka; she m. 2nd to (??) Jan Kanty Psarski, owner of Wielgie,
b) Eliza 1800-29, m. Grzegorz Chrzanowski,
c) Pulcheria Anna Magdalena b. 1795 in Parcice,
d) Ludwik Jozef Augustyn Madalinski, b. ca 1803, d. 1854, the landowner of Koscielec and Madalinow, m. in 1829 in Restarzew, to Pelagia Krystyna Jozefa Wegierska, b. ca 1810, the daughter of Petronela nee Psarska, Wegierska;
with son
Stanislaw Madalinski, b. ca 1835, lived Iwanowice, m. in 1857 in Biala, to Felicja Malgorzata Sylwestra Szeliga Potocka, b. ca 1838 in Stypuly.

Above Jozef Madalinski in 1809, as Captain, a husband of Julianna Bogdanski, 1 voto Kiedrzynska; she died in Orpiszewek in 1809 - the Lutynia parish [Orpiszewek - not Orpiszew - 3 km north-east to Lutynia; Lutynia - 5 km north-east ot DOBRZYCA, 6 km south to Kotlin].

The Templar Order of Scotland in 1689 and the Grand Master, Philippe, Duke of Orleans in 1705 in France.

St Petersburg of Peter the Great, Robert Erskine in 1706 and James Francis Edward Keith [he came from the 4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716]; Russian intelligence net in 1741-2015; Malta and Master Manuel Pinto + Althotas, Carsten Niebuhr in 1761-1767, and Cagliostro in 1778-1781 - Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan the Knight of Malta before 1713.

In 1650, Earl William Sinclair was killed at the Battle of Dunbar.

In 1689, "James Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, died at the battle of Killiecrankie wearing the Grand Cross of the Order". Acc. to me - James Graham, d. 1689, but not in 1684.

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722. Robert Graham, Master of Montrose, born in 1521. James Graham, 5th Earl of Montrose (1612-1650) became Marquess of Montrose in 1644.
James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1633-1669), was the second son of the 1st Marquess.
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657-1684/1689 !), only son of the 2nd Marquess.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, was a Scottish aristocratic statesman; he was the only son of James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.

"The Order didn't dissolve, it only drew back from public view and its next operation remained hidden for more than a hundred years mainly because it became purely Templar again. This secret functioning had not been compromised until 1689 when John Graham of Claverhouse [ie. James GRAHAM] known as 'Bonnie Dundee' was killed in the battle of Killiecrankie. The cross of the Order (Pectoral) was been found under the breast plate of Bonnie Dundee's armour. Graham of Claverhouse was a Grand master of a Jakobite 'Convent' of Templars in the area of Montrose under the authority of Dom Calvet. After his Dom Calvet's death, the office passed on Mar [John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite] and subsequently on Atholl".
Copyright by Templar Church in 2014; and The Autonomous Grand Priory of Scotland.

"However there is clear documentary evidence of famous Knight Templars in Scottish history particularly within the Christian Jacobite movement: these include James of Claverhouse (Bonnie Dundee), the Grand Prior of Scotland who was murdered by a Unionist assassin at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689 - he was succeeded in his post by John, The Earl of Mar as Regent
[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot in 1679. Charles was the son of John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605]".
Copyright by 'rosslyntemplars.org'.
Also Charles Edward Stuart, who held a meeting on the evening of the 24/9/1745 with the Knight Templars in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. These same Templars installed Charles Edward Stuart as the Sovereign Grand Master of Scotland that very night when the Prestonpans victory having just been won on the 22/9/1745
[on 21 September 1745, Charles Edward Stuart defeated the only government army in Scotland at the Battle of Prestonpans].

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732),
in 1729 went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689).
They came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

In 1705, General Statutes was published and Election Charter edited [of Templars]. And Robert Erskine was moved to Russia in 1706.

Philippe, Duke of Orleans, was elected the Grand Master of the Templar Order in 1705. He had convened a General Convent at Versailles in 1705. It was during the course of this Convent that the General Statutes were presented.
Philippe, Duke of Orleans, elected Grand Master of the Templar Order, was later also Regent of France. The Charter was suggested it was the work of a Jesuit named Father Bonani, who assisted Philippe II, Duke of Orleans in 1705 to fabricate the document, to re-establish the 'Societe d'Aloyau' (Society of the Sirloin), who claimed to be a continuation of the Knights Templar, and also with the Order of Christ in Portugal. This Order was dissolved in 1792 during the French Revolution by the death of its Grand Master.
Philippe II, Duke of Orleans / Philippe Charles, b. 1674, d. 1723, was a son of Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orleans. In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin, Francoise Marie de Bourbon.
His daughter Marie Louise Elisabeth d'Orleans b. 1695, married Charles of France, Duke of Berry.
By Florence Pellegrin, dite la Florence, a dancer at the Opera House, he had a son Charles de Saint-Albin, Archbishop of Cambrai, legitimized in 1706, 1698 - 1764, known as Louis Charles de Saint-Albin.

In 1737, "Templar Knight, Andrew Michael Ramsay, Prince Charles Edward Stuart's tutor, held a public speech in Paris. In his speech, he claimed that Freemasonry had spread among the Crusaders and that they had founded the Lodge of St John. Knight Ramsay was a Scott born in Ayr near Kilwinning".

"Another famous Templar was the Duke of Montrose, a Protestant who kept his Templar Oath of Religious Freedom for all, this at the cost of his own life, in opposing John Knox and other Unionist Quislings".

The Duke of Montrose survived quite well until he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished as a result. In St Petersburg as Robert Belford, Count!

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722.

Andrew Michael Ramsay b. 1681, in Ayr, but in 1695-1698 moved to Edinburgh.
He was a tutor to the children of the 4th EARL of WEMYSS in FIFE until 1706. He was Presbyterian-Calvinist, became attracted to the mysticism of Quietism, and Episcopalian church.
He was a member of the PHILADELPHIANS with GNOSTICISM ideas.
In 1706 he studied under Nicholas Fatio de DUILLIER; traveled to NETHERLANDS ca 1708, when France-Spain fought against England-Austria;
in 1710 under command of the English Army;
visited Pierre POIRET at RIJNSBURG, close to FENELON, Archbishop of CAMBRAI. In 1711-1715 RAMSAY went to stay in Femelon's house in CAMBRAI like Catholic. In 1717 RAMSAY was in BLOIS.
In 1718 - 1722, he was the tutor of the Comte de SASSENAGE in Paris and made the acquaintance of JACOBITE exiles from Scotland and Ireland, amongst these the Earl of DERWENTWATER.
Ramsay was writing letters to James Francis Edward STUART.

RAMSAY is famous for his 'Oration' in 1737 on the TEMPLAR origins of Freemasonry. ORATION was the cause of the condemnation of Freemasonry by the Roman Catholic Church. "The Stuarts in the 17th century made an effort to revive the Order of St. John and the Temple, THEN OF MALTA, and a North Convent seems to have existed about MONTROSE, and it is alleged, on the authority of DOM CALMET, that VISCOUNT DUNDEE was Grand Master of 'the Order of Templars' in SCOTLAND...".

Ramsay was born as a Calvinist, he became involved in unconventional religious groups untill finally converting to Roman Catholicism
[inf. by Martin I. McGregor in 2007].
He was a staunch Jacobite. Top figure in the French Freemasonry. The originator of the ECOSSAISE or Scottish 'higher' degrees including the KNIGHTS TEMPLAR and ROYAL ARCH, with also the Scottish RITE.
Ramsay was the member of the LOUIS L'ARGENT Lodge [formed after 1727], as Orator [Ramsay back to Paris in 1730]. He was the originator of the HIGHER TEMPLAR degrees of the Freemasonry, after 1736/1737, by 1740. Rite of Clermont had 3 higher degrees in 1754.

In 1722 Ramsay talked over tax on the assets of Jacobite exiles propose by the British Government. Ramsay acted together with:
Carteret;
"JOHN ERSKINE the DUKE of MAR";
General DILLON;
the Duke of Charost;
de Gramont;
and the Marquis de FENELON.

James Francis Stuart exiled in Rome, later in January 1723 invited Ramsay to tutor his only three years old son CHARLES EDWARD STUART in Rome. 1723 - Ramsay was knighted a Chevalier of St. Lazarus and he was granted a patent of nobility by JAMES FRANCIS STUART.
His mother's side came from House of MAR.
In November 1723 Ramsay back to PARIS, but published a book in LONDON. He received from the future KING GEORGE II invitation to tutor the young DUKE of Cumberland!
1725-1728 Ramsay was the guest of the Duc de SULLY. And was a member of the gentleman's CLUB de L'ENTRESOL.
1728 - Ramsay was in London, Scotland, to DUKE of ARGYLL at INVERARY; in 1729 to London to MONTESQUIEU, and both were elected Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY.
In March 1729 Ramsay was made a Freemason, at the Horn Lodge in Westminster, under the Duke of Richmond, Master.
Together with Marquis of Beaumont; Earl Kerr; were members of the Ancient Society of Free and Accepted Masons.
In 1730 he was a member of Club in SPALDING with Newton and A. Pope, and with Freemason Dr. JOHN DESAGULIERS.
1730 - in Oxford. In July 1730 returned to Paris to Comte d'EVREUX closest ot Jacobite Court. Next Ramsay was tutor to Prince of Turenne until 1741.
In 1735 Ramsay married Marie Nairne the daughter of Sir David Nairne, undersecretary to JAMES EDWARD STUART who awarded Ramsay the title of Baronet.

Ramsay was the Grand Orator of the French Freemasonry. The first Lodge was formed in Paris in 1725 by CHARLES RADCLIFFE the Earl of DERWENTWATER, who was a Jacobite exile and closest to JAMES FRANCIS STUART. Radcliffe acted together with Maskelyne and D'Henguelty.
The secon Lodge St. Thomas formed in 1726 by an English lapidary, GOUSTAND = JOHN COUSTOS, who went to Spain and was arrested.
IRISH supporters of JAMES II in 1688, formed Lodge in the Palace of SAINT GERMAINE, Jame's Stuart headquarters.
Maybe the first Lodge was in DUNKIRK in 1721 under Grand Lodge of England. In 1738 were three lodges warranted by the Grand Lodge of England.
In 1743 in France under the COMTE de CLERMONT, Prince of the Royal Blood, founded Grand Lodge ANGLAISE DE FRANCE.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the TEMPLAR Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order. One resided in Paris until 1788 [Charles Edward Stuart].
The second was in St Petersburg until 1765 [Count Belford ie. The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, 'Eques a Sole aureo', died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford].

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III).
In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart

[+ Maria Clementina Sobieska, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski],

the grandson of James II = VII

[above James Francis Edward Stuart b. 1688, nicknamed The Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena. Above James II of England / VII of Scotland, b. 1633, King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland in 1685. His father was Charles I, b. 1600, King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland in 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, ie. James VI and I / James Charles Stuart, b. 1566, King of Scotland as James VI in 1567. The grandfather was Henry Stuart (or Stewart), Duke of Albany, b. 1545, as Lord Darnley until 1565, was king consort of Scotland in 1565.
HENRY was the second son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, and his wife Lady Margaret Douglas.
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, b. 1516, was the fourth Earl of Lennox, and a leader of the Catholic nobility in Scotland.
MATTHEW was the son of
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox, b. 1495 in Lennox Hills, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, and Lady Elizabeth Stewart,
the daughter of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl].

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788) the pretender after 1766 to the throne of Great Britain. During his lifetime, he was also known as "The Young Pretender" or "The Young Chevalier". His father had been given a residence by Pope Clement XI. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart spent almost all his childhood in Rome and Bologna.

Above Maria Clementina Sobieska, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski, the great-granddaughter of Jakub Sobieski + Zofia Teofillia Danilowicz.
Zofia Teofila was the daughter of Jan Danilowicz and Zofia Zolkiewska, the daughter of Stanislaw Zolkiewski.
Jan Danilowicz (1570-1628) married 1st to Barbara Krasicka (1575-1600).

The Templar Order of Scotland sent to St Petersburg two envoys:
Robert Erskine in 1706
and
James Francis Edward Keith
[he came from the 4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716]
but Russian military intelligence took all assets in 1741.

In 1741 in Malta, Master Manuel Pinto took government, and co-operated with Althotas, Carsten Niebuhr in 1761-1767. Cagliostro combined in 1778-1781 both St Petersburg and Malta.
Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta already before the year 1713.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788. After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order.
These Scottish degrees, or so-called Templar system, made rapid progress, and as it had headquarters in the Jesuit College of CLERMONT at PARIS, was termed the System of Clermont.
The specific "Knights Templar" fraternal order connected to Freemasonry originated from Thomas Dunckerley toward the end of the 18th century.

In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris [or in 1742]. He was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.

The System of Clermont was introduced in Germany in 1751, by the Baron HUNDT, as the Strict Observance rite. System of Clermont contemplated the restoration of the Stuarts to the throne. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart, was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland. "This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836".

"The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".

In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed,
in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself.

Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.
The Pretender was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.

In 1767 or 1768, J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar. Von Starck was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Gottingen / Getynga [south to HANOVER] but left for St. Petersburg in 1761, and
while teaching in St. Petersburg [1761-1765 and in 1768], Starck had met a Greek by the name of
Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-1797, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights.
Named Pyotr Ivanovich Melissino or Pierre De Mellisino, died ca 1797, known many languages including Russian, German, Italian, French, Turkish as well as his native Greek, he also knew some Latin and English.
"... Melissinos arrived in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and ended his career as Vice-President of the Commerce Collegium in 1740-1745.
During the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, Pyotr Melissino was in charge of the Russian artillery", by Wikipedia.
He was a prominent figure in Saint Petersburg society.

Then Starck traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library; back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-1768).
At this time, they participated in the Finland war, 1741-1743: Major General George Brown and Patrick Stuart, Peter Lacy's son-in-law, who had been promoted to major general in 1741.

Countess Helena Dornicelta Browne / Hanora de Lacy was the wife of Major General George Brown and she had sisters and a brother:
Martha Philippine Gfin von Lacy;
Countess Anna Louisa Stuart [see below !];
Countess Apollonia von Witten;
Franz Moritz, Graf von Lacy;
Catharina Maria Eleonora von Boije.

Reichsgraf (Count) George Browne (1698 - 1792) married Countess Helena Dornicelta Browne of Camas, ie. HELEN / Hanora / Honora de LACY, b. 1717, died 1764, the daughter of Peter Edmond von Lacy and Margareta Filippina von Funcken, ie. Field Marshal Peter Lacy, or of Edmond DeLacy of Rathcahill, Esq.

Mentioned Count Patrick Stuart / Pavel Stuart, b. ca 1699 in Banffshire, in northern Scotland (United Kingdom). Died in 1765, and he was the son of Esquire of Bogs, John Stuart, 1st of Bogs and Jean Stuart, of Farskane.
PATRICK STUART was the husband of Countess Anna Louisa Stuart,
with children:
Graf Patrick Andreas von Stuart and Martha Philippine O'Rourke.

Above Countess Anna Louisa Stuart (de Lacy) b. 1718, was the daughter of Peter Edmond von Lacy and Margareta Filippina von Funcken.

Count Patrick Stuart "from whom descend the Counts of Austria, who, together with Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria, are were the only lawful representatives of the old Stuart Dynasty of England." Quoted from Edward de Lacy-Bellingari 1928.
By geni.com:
"Count Patric Stuart was fighting from 1731 in Italy in the Spanish army against the Austrian army. He stayed in Spanish service until 1735, in October 1735 after a meeting with the Russian General Field Marshal Peter de Lacy, Count Stuart entered in Russian service as the generals adjutant, in April 1740 became Colonel and was the commander of the infantry regiment of Yaroslavl".

Count Patrick Stuart was fighting together with his father-in-law Field Marshal Peter de Lacy and his brother-in-law Major-General George Browne during the war with the Swedes 1741 to 1743.
He was promoted to Major General by Empress Elizabeth of Russia in 1742.

Mentioned Esquire of Bogs, John Stuart, 1st of Bogs, Chamberlain of the Enzie, b. bef. 1643 or circa 1665, d. 1715 in Sheriffmuir, Scotland. Son of Patrick Steuart 3rd of Tannachy [northern Scotland] and Marjorie Stuart. Husband of Jean Stuart, of Farskane, b. circa 1677, the daughter of 1st Laird of Farskane, William Gordon.

Named above 3rd Laird of Tannachy Patrick Stuart, of Tannachy, b. ca 1600, died in 1643, the son of Andrew Steuart 2nd of Tannachy and Catherine.

Mentioned 2nd Laird of Tannachy Andrew Stuart, of Stradown, ca 1580 - before 1637.
Son of Alexander Steuart 1st of Tannachy and Marie.
Husband of Catherine GORDON, Stuart.

Erskine - Drummond - Keith - Carnegie - Belford-Graham-Montrose clan - Stuart - Douglas - Lord Kames - Stirling and the TEMPLARS of Scotland in Russia - Browne of Camas; Peter Lacy; von Medem [and the branch of von Biron]; von Borch:

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732),
in 1729 went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689).
They came from
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

In 1706, 'Journal de Trevoux' wrote that sciences were moving up-North, where 'presently ruling Tsar Peter Alekseyevich has a strong intention to enlighten his state'.
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.
Robert Erskine had to accompany the Tsar in his military expeditions, and, therefore, he hired Johann Daniel Schumacher, the secretary of the Apothecary Chancellery, who was born in Colmar and graduated from the University of Strasbourg in 1711. Schumacher arranged preparations for opening the public Museum and public Library.
It happened in 1714 when Schumacher came to St Petersburg to Robert Erskine.
"J. D. Schumacher, who had been in charge of the Kunstkamera and Library for many decades, mentioned 1714 as the date of the establishment of the first Russian State Public Museum and Library". The Kunstkamera became organized as a state-of-the-art for that time universal museum.

Robert Erskine (1677 - 1718) wrote in Paris about Jacob Le Mort and his alchemical works. Erskine undertake alchemical experiments in Moscow in 1706 - 1709, and in the Kikin Palace in St Petersburg.
Here was Cornelius Le Bruyn. In 1716, the Tsar designated him to privy councillor.
Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court.
Albert Seba in 1711 sent to Robert Erskine a letter on exotic medicines and phosphorus. Johannes de Wilde in Amsterdam in 1717 took corespondence from Robert Erskine. About secret chemical recipe wrote de Wilde in 1740 to Empress Anna of Rusia. Jacob Bruce wrote to Erskine in 1712. Robert Erskine was together with Peter the Great in Teplice in Czech in 1712.
Robert Erskine had in his library among others two books:
1. the Rosicrucians Manifestos in 1615 in Frankfurt; and
2. the Strasbourg edition of "The Chemical Wedding ...", of Christian Rosencreutz in 1459. And works of Paracelsus published in Strasbourg.

Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great.
He came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and the 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII.
Emperor Napoleon would descend from James de Rohan-Stuardo / Rohan - Stuart, the natural (legitimate) son of the English king Charles II, with his mistress, Marguerite, duchess of Rohan. Charles II had 14 children, of his illegitimate ties with several lovers. Charles II (1630 - 1685) with Marguerite de Rohan (1617 - 1684) met when the English King arrived in France in 1649. Napoleon's grandfather would have been the grandson of James de Rohan - Stuardo, the son of English King Charles II. In 1647, Charles Stuart, the future King Charles II of England, had a son, Prince Enrico de Boveria Rohan-Stuardo / Rohan Stuart. He died in Naples in 1669, but his widow gave birth to a post-son, Prince Giacomo Stuardo of Naples. Giacomo lived for a long time in Germany and Italy, and in 1722 he had a son, prince Joseph Stuart of Roehenstart, who fought alongside Bonnie Prince Charlie during the rebellion of 1745. Joseph Stuart had himself a son named Prince Eduard Maximilian de Roehenstart, also known as Dr. Ferdinand Smith-Stuart.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas, first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine,
daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie. John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Above Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling. Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias.

David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571. David was the son of
Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

The Grand Lodge of Russia:

In 1731, when the Grand Lodge of England appointed a Captain John Phillips as Provincial Grand Master of Russia and Germany, masonry in Russia was mainly the preserve of foreign residents; in 1741 a Scots Jacobite,
James Keith (1696-1758),
who fought in the Russian and Prussian service, was Master under the English system. James Francis Edward Keith or Jakob von Keith, b. 1696, FREEMASON, fought during the Jacobite uprising of 1715, then he escaped on the Continent. James Keith went to Paris, where he had relatives. In 1717, in June, he met Peter the Great, Ist of Russia. He obtained a recommendation from the King of Spain to Peter II of Russia in 1727/1728. In 1728, served under James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick and Duke of Liria. His commander there, Peter Lacy, had fled Ireland. In Finland became its viceroy.
The Freemasonry at St. Petersburg in 1771;
in 1772 the first native Provincial Grand Master, Ivan Yelagin (1725 - 1794), secretary to Catherine the Great.

Above James Francis Edward Keith b. 1696, a Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal, a Jacobite.
He was the son of William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland, b. ca 1664, married
Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729,
the daughter of
James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, SENIOR, born in 1648, and his first wife, Lady Jane Douglas.

Mary's brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND.

Mary came from John Drummond born ca 1584. Above John Drummond, b. ca 1584 in Crawford, d. 1662. The son of Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay.

Patrick Drummond b. ca 1550 in Crawford, d. 1611 in Crawford, was the son of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond.

Above David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571 in Stobhall.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.
Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias. David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
came from Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of above
Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
They came from
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling; John was the son of Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine.

Above Lady Barbara Erskine was married in 1670 to James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas.
Barbara was the daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie.
They came from
Sir John Erskine, the 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.

Named James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas was first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine. James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646, was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII, b. 1633, who was the King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, who was created Earl of Ormond, was the son of
William Douglas, the 1st Marquis of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589-1660)
and the grandson of
William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Countess Elizabeth Oliphant,
the eldest daughter of Laurence Oliphant, 4th Lord Oliphant.

William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus, b. 1552 in Huntly, d. 1611 in Paris, was the son of
William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia, ie. William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie, and
grandson of
Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes.

But James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, was the Grand Master of England in 1741. In 1746 he visited France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille, as a Jacobite. He came from
Earl Robert Douglas, I, b. 1562 in Rothesay.
Robert younger came from
Robert Douglas oldest, b. 1505 in Kilmarnock, d. 1547 in Inveresk.

James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine, 5th Earl of Rosslyn, 1869 - 1939,
came from above
Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
And this is a branch of Charles Erskine, of Alva, born in 1611 in Stirling, Scotland, died in 1663;
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Lady Marie Stewart;
They came from Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. He married Annabelle Murray.

Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795,
was the daughter of
James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739. His father
George Drummond, 5th of Blair, 1st of Blair-Drummond, b. 29 Nov 1638, in Blair, Stormount, Perthshire, Scotland, died in 1717;
grandfather was George Drummond, 4th Laird of Blair;
great-grandfather was George Drummond, 2nd Laird of Blair.
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the wife of Henry Home, Lord Kames.

In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] at Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh.
In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.
Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771.
He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames.
In 1775 FRANKLIN returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States.

The MONTROSE / GRAHAM / BELFORD family; the Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:

Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of 100, rising to pounds 800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother -
the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed;
and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), the Pretender, was Grand Master of the Order, under the title of 'EQUES A SOLE AUREO', from 1743, until his death in 1788.
After escaping from Scotland in 1745, there were two secret Great Masters of the Templar Order. One resided in Paris until 1788 [Charles Edward Stuart].
The second was in St Petersburg until 1765 [Count Belford ie. The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford].

Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Acc. to Starck:
"... I made the personal acquaintance of the last Grand Master of the Order of the Temple whose name in the series of the Magister Ordinis is a Sole aureo.
This was Count Belford
... The last ... Lord Belford, who lived at ... Voroncof's house ... told me that [Lord] OGHIV imparted the only true and real facts but to a minority of Brethren. ...
[in 1813] The last one [Chapter] was established by Scotland in St Petersburg through Oghiv and Williams,
but in the 60s or 70s [of the 18th cent.] it had only three members left".
Who was the last Grand Master of the Order of the Temple whose name in the series of the Magister Ordinis was a Sole aureo?
This was Count Belford = "Lord Belford".
Charles Stuart had some very clever and brave men around him, for one, the infamous, The Duke of Montrose [= Lord Belford] a 'proddie' who kept his Templar oath, quite strange for a protestant to do this but he did, and survived quite well untill he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished [disappear] as a result.
Acc. to Andrew David Doyle.

The Duke of Montrose = Count Belford / Earl = Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765 but born ca 1704 or in 1706 = Lord Belford.

The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford in the county of Northumberland:
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose; he was a Scottish aristocratic statesman in the early eighteenth century.
He was the only son of
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.

On 31 March 1702 James Graham, 4th Marquess, married Christian Carnegie, the daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk.
Together they had 4 or several sons, including
William Graham b. 1712, and
Lord George Graham;
James Marquess GRAHAM;
eldest David marquess of GRAHAM, peer, earl and baron of BELFORD from hands of King George I in 1722;
and
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose, 1st Duke of Montrose, had next son [acc. to me]:
Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765. Born ca 1704 or in 1706.
The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford was in the county of Northumberland.

Robert Belford, Count = Robert Graham = "Duke of Montrose" or "Earl / Count of Belford".

"However there is clear documentary evidence of famous Knight Templars in Scottish history particularly within the Christian Jacobite movement:
these include
James of Claverhouse (Bonnie Dundee), the Grand Prior of Scotland
who was murdered by a Unionist assassin at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689 - he was succeeded in his post by
John, The Earl of Mar as Regent
[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732) Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot in 1679. Charles was the son of John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605]".
Also Charles Edward Stuart,
who held a meeting on the evening of the 24/9/1745 with the Knight Templars in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. These same Templars installed Charles Edward Stuart as the Sovereign Grand Master of Scotland that very night when the Prestonpans victory having just been won on the 22/9/1745
[on 21 September 1745, Charles Edward Stuart defeated the only government army in Scotland at the Battle of Prestonpans].

"Another famous Templar was the Duke of Montrose, a Protestant who kept his Templar Oath of Religious Freedom for all,
this at the cost of his own life, in opposing John Knox and other Unionist Quislings".
The Duke of Montrose survived quite well until he directly opposed the infamous John Knox at his own peril and perished as a result. In St Petersburg as Robert Belford, Count!

The title of Count Graham of Belford was created in the Great Britain in 1722. The Baron Graham of Belford - in the Great Britain in 1722. Robert Graham, Master of Montrose, born in 1521.
James Graham, 5th Earl of Montrose (1612-1650) became Marquess of Montrose in 1644.
James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1633-1669), was the second son of the 1st Marquess.
James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657-1684/1689), only son of the 2nd Marquess.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, was a Scottish aristocratic statesman; he was the only son of James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose and Lady Christian Leslie.
On 31 March 1702 he married Christian Carnegie, daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk. Together they had several sons, including William Graham and Lord George Graham.

James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose (1682-1742) became Duke of Montrose in 1707 = James Graham, the 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose, had sons:
1.
James Graham, Earl of Kincardine (b. 1703), eldest son of the 4th Marquess, died in infancy.
2.
"David Graham, Marquess of Graham (1705-1731), the second son of the 1st Duke, predeceased his father without issue". Earl Graham of Belford, in 1722 as David [Graham], styled Marquess of Graham later 1st Earl Graham. The 1st survived son and heir ap. of James [Graham], 1st Duke of Montrose, by his wife Lady Christian Carnegie, 2nd daughter of David [Carnegie], 3rd Earl of Northesk. Born 8 Jun 1705.
"... Created on 23 May 1722 as Baron Graham, of Belford in the County of Northumberland, and Earl Graham, with a special remainder failing heirs male of his body, to his brothers Lord William Graham and Lord George Graham, in like manner suc. by brother."
3.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1712-1790), seventh son of the 1st Duke. He was also Earl Graham of Belford. Married Lucy Manners. With son Graham, b. 1755.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose was the Governor of the Bank of Scotland.
William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose had a daughter Lucy, b. 1751, m. 1771 to Archibald Douglas, 1st Lord Douglas, of Castle DOUGLAS.
4.
James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose, 1st Duke of Montrose, had next son [acc. to me]:
Robert Belford, Count, Eques a Sole aureo, died in Russia in 1765.
Born ca 1704 or in 1706.
The title of earl and baron Graham of Belford was in the county of Northumberland. Robert Belford, Count = Robert Graham = "Duke of Montrose" or "Earl / Count of Belford".

William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1712-1790), was the seventh son of the 1st Duke. But we have information on James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755-1836) = LORD GRAHAM.

Remember:
Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling. Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias.
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.

Carnegie was established as a trading company in 1803 when David Carnegie, Sr., a Scotsman, founded D. Carnegie & Co AB in Gothenburg.
The management of the company was later succeeded by Carnegie's nephew, David Carnegie Jr., who later returned to Scotland, leaving the company, which by then had considerable interests in brewing and sugar production, in the hands of Oscar Ekman.

David Carnegie, Sr. (8 February 1772, Montrose, Angus - d. on 10 January 1837)
was a Scottish entrepreneur who founded D. Carnegie & Co. in Gothenburg, Sweden, today known as Carnegie Investment Bank.
At geni.com:
David Carnegie Jr b. 1813 and died in 1890 in Stirling, Scotland;
son of James Carnegie and Margaret Gillespie;
above James Carnegie b. 1773 and died 1851 was son of
George Carnegie and Susan Scott.

Note at margin:

Sir Alexander Burnes was born in Montrose, Scotland, to the son of the provost, who was first cousin to the poet Robert Burns.
Sir Alexander Burnes demanded that Dost Mohhamad concluded an agreement with Ranjit Singh and renounced claims to Peshawar; at the same time Witkiewicz returned to St. Petersburg with nothing.

Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz from Ursus - Warsaw in Poland, born in 1966.
On 11 January 2020.

Polish Civic Intelligence Agency, 2002 - 2019.
Marxist communist coups led by Russian intelligence in USA, 1881, 1901, 1963, and against Poland in 1943, 1992 and April 2010.
The communist revolution in 1917 in Russia.

Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was the Knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta [in 1713 or before].
Entered the Navy in 1713 and he was retired in 1723. Then he studied at the Theological Faculty of La Sorbonne University.

A little later it was Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, elected in 1741, the first Frenchman to attain the Grand Mastership since 1697, and under his rule a distinguished period opened in the history of Malta. Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, b. 1681, d. 1773, was the 68th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1741, and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, 1741 - 1773; he was mistakenly known as ALTHOTAS.
His foster son was Claude Charles DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, Vicomte DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, 1731-1800.

Manuel Pinto da Fonseca was a friend of Cagliostro. He met Balsamo-Cagliostro in MESSINA. Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1741, was considered by Count Cagliostro as a true Illuminati.
In 1790, in front of a Roman tribunal of the Holy Inquisition, the Count of Cagliostro claimed that all his knowledge of alchemy was taught to him many years before in Naples by "a prince who had a great passion for chemistry."
Probably Tadeusz Grabianka also brought di Cagliostro to Sutkowce and Grabianka set up an alchemical workshop - laboratory for Cagliostro in July-August 1780. Tadeusz Grabianka was living in the Latyczow county, in Rajkowce and Sutkowce. Tadeusz Grabianka - like with Cagliostro - with count Michal Aleksander Ronikier [in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podolia] and Brumer, in accordance with the method set by Pernety, led the work to create a homunculus. But in order to create a homunculus you would require advanced genetic engineering beyond our current scientific scope. It is a representation of a small human being.

Tadeusz Grabianka co-operated with the French intelligence.
Tadeusz Grabianka also knew that in every country [Berlin, London, France, Austrian Galicia, Russian Podole and Ukraine; in Russia] after some time his conspiracy would be taken over by counterintelligences of these countries.
However, Tadeusz Grabianka's aims were at the same time attractive to France and Great Britain.
Thus, the situation will appear in which our Polish resistance conspiracy will help to other countries - including the US and not only through official state channels, as Thomas Jefferson said - and to the royal courts [George III, Duke of Kent].
And the reverse, other countries gladly use our underground networks. It was not alchemy and sect. These were chemical laboratories where it was possible to produce poisonous and hallucinogenic drugs for Polish intelligence in the absence of an independent state.
The goals have changed over the next years.

JAN WOLANSKI - the chemist and the alchemist, after settling in a new estate, in Krotoszyn in ca 1795/1796 [Krotoszyn was the part of BARCIN estate under Prussian rule] founded a chemical laboratory and an astronomical observatory there, and placed his son Tadeusz Wolanski in a chemist and an alchemist in Mitawa / MITAU.
Krotoszyn close to Barcin, in the ZNIN county [compare Czolgosz], 14 km north-west to PAKOSC; 7 km west to Zalesie - again see CZOLGOSZ.
There in Courland our Tadeusz Wolanski spent time with collecting plants, minerals and various peculiarities of nature [1795-1800].

In 1776 Starck went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.

Cagliostro from Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI. He went to Konigsberg and in COURLAND, Mitau / Mitava, and went to Saint Petersburg. Then from Warsaw [compare Tadeusz Grabianka in 1778 in Warsaw to the Templars; 1778/1779 in Berlin], in a few months Cagliostro appears in Strazburg / Strasbourg in 1780;
he met Cardinal Rohan, to play a prominent role in Paris in 1781. In 1782, he founded the Order of Egyptian Masonry and stood at its head.
As the Great Kopta he organized the Egyptian rite lodges in: England, France, Germany and Russia. He studied alchemy, the Kabbalah, magic in MALTA.
Count Alessandro de Cagliostro or as Giuseppe Balsamo, of Sicily, an occult practitioner, was initiated into the Illuminati at Mitau in 1780.

Tadeusz Wolanski returned home as a fifteen-year-old boy in 1800 and assisted his father in laying the herbarium and gathering the collections, listening to his lectures on the works of the mystic Jakub Boehm
[Jakob Bohme / Jacob Boehme / Behmen, d. 1624, influenced mystical movements, as Radical Pietism; Society of the Woman in the Wilderness; the Philadelphians, the Harmony Society; Rosicrucianism; Martinism. Bohme's mentor, Balthasar Walther, had travelled to the Holy Land in search of kabbalistic and alchemical wisdom]
and Welling
[Opus mago-cabalisticum et theologicum, was writing by Georg von Welling. Georg von Welling d. 1727, but was born in Kassel in Hesse, alchemical and theosophical writer, lived near to Frankfurt. The work have been influential on Rosicrucians and Goethe in alchemy, and the Urfaust writings].

MANUEL Pinto died on 23 January 1773 [Manuel Pinto de FONSECA]. His foster son was Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena - Vicomte DE DAMAS DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), Chevalier de l'Ordre de Malte, Ordre des Cincinnati (1783), Gouverneur de la Guadeloupe (1782-1783), Gouverneur de la Martinique (1783 - ca 1789 or until 1791), b. in 1731.

"True Mason", or Academy of True Masons, was instituted in 1778. The rite of Pernetty, or Illuminati of Avignon, established in 1779 [in Berlin], but in 1778, it was in Montpellier, under the name of Academy of the True Masons.
This Lodge, or the Academy, constituted, on March 5th, 1785, at Saint-Pierre of Martinique.
In 1776, in MARTINIQUE was Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Br. BYSTRZANOWSKI.

On 9 March 1772 to 15 March 1776 Vital Auguste, marquis de Gregoire, comte de Nozieres, was the Governor.
On 15 March 1776 to May 1777, Robert d'Argout - GOVERNOR.
Robert's son,
Robert Maurice D'ARGOUT, 1760 - ca 1800, in Saint Domingue or in London, married Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND.
Her brother was Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839, married 1st ca 1790 to VIGEE, ca 1770-/1794;
Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND married 2nd in 1795 to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801
- see below!

In March 1783 to March 1791, Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas, was the Governor of Martynika in Saint-Pierre of Martinique.

Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas either Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena or Vicomte DE DAMAS, DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), Chevalier de l'Ordre de Malte, Ordre des Cincinnati (1783), Gouverneur de la Guadeloupe (1782-1783), Gouverneur de la Martinique (1783 - ca 1789 or until 1791), b. in 1731
- his foster father Manuel PINTO DA FONSECA, Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte, 1681-1773.

Claude Charles de Marillac, vicomte de Damas either Jose Antonio Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena or Vicomte DE DAMAS, DE MARILLAC, Page du Grand Maitre de l'Ordre de Malte (1742), b. June 20, 1731 in Lyon and died June 30, 1805 in Margency in Val-d'Oise - north to Paris;
the Viscount of Damascus - the title received in the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem on December 23, 1744 or in 1745, but they will allow him to get married in 1773.
He is named governor of Martinique, in 1783, with steward Joseph-Francois Foulquier, then Governor-General of the Windward Islands of America, until 1791. When the revolutionary agitation reached the West Indies, the Viscount of Damascus to maintain the authority of the King and he managed not only to reestablish public order, but also to sent all leaders of the insurgents in France.

We back to "True Mason", or Academy of True Masons, instituted in 1778. In 1785, at Saint-Pierre of Martinique. As an academy of the True-Masons, ie. the Academy of Real Masons of Montpellier [120 km south-west to Avignon], of the Rite of Pernety of Avignon.

Note to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801:

Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS (Anne GILBERT DE VOISINS) born about 1770, d. 1801. Married in 1795 to Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839.
Anne was the daughter of
Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS / Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792; acc. to George J. Homs.
Pierre, senior, b. 1749, had 2 children:
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801;
Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte de l'Empire, 1773-1843.

Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1800-1863, was the son of named Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1773 - 1843 in PARIS.

Mentioned
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS married in 1832 to Marie Sophie TAGLIONI, Classical dancer artist, 1804-1884.
They had a daughter Eugenie GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1835-1901
[Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the daughter of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins, d. June 1863 + Maria Sophie Taglioni];
and sons:
Georges GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte DE VOISINS, 1843- 1893; and
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Officer, 1846-1870.

Remember on Robert Maurice D'ARGOUT, 1760-ca 1800; died in London, who was married Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND.
Anne Elisabeth Rose D'OSMOND had the brother Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839, married 2nd in 1795 to Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801.

Compare with Alexander Troubetzkoy, born 14 July 1813, General Major,
his parents:
Vassily Troubetzkoy b. 1776, died in 1841, and Sophia Marianna von Weiss b. 1795.
Above
Alexander TRUBECKI married on 24 November 1852 to Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin, b. 1835,
with his children:
Margarita Troubetzkoy b. 1857
and Alexei b. 1866.

Above Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the daughter of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins, d. June 1863 + Maria Sophie Taglioni.
Jean Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1800-1863, was the son of named
Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, 1773 - 1843 in PARIS.

Above Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, d. 1901, Trubeckaya / TRUBECKA, was the granddaughter of
Pierre Paul Alexandre Gilbert de Voisins, born in 1773.
Great-granddaughter of Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792,
acc. to George J. Homs.
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS (Anne GILBERT DE VOISINS) born about 1770, d. 1801, married in 1795 to Joseph Eustache D'OSMOND, Vicomte D'OSMOND, 1756-1839.
Anne was the daughter of above
Pierre GILBERT DE VOISINS / Pierre Gilbert, seigneur de Voisins, born 1749, killed in 1792.
Pierre, senior, b. 1749, had 2 children:
Anne Marthe GILBERT DE VOISINS, ca 1770-1801; and Pierre Paul Alexandre GILBERT DE VOISINS, Comte de l'Empire, 1773-1843.

Mentioned Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was 'Eminent Highness', as Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg.

In 1773 - 1775, Ximenez was the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
The election that followed Ximenez's death in 1775 was won by Emmanuel de Rohan de Polduc [until 1797], originating in the ancient Kings of Brittany. The family branch of de Rohan-Polduc come from Jean II de Rohan-Gue-de-l'Isle, died in 1517; and Louis de Rohan-Polduc, died in 1584.
Next figure was
Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1670 ?] d. 1711, m. in 1690, to Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, the daughter of Philippe de la Bouexiere.
Above Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc was the son of Isaac de Rohan-Polduc [1620-1690 ?], m. in 1638 to Alienor de Kerpoisson.
And the grandson of Jerome de Rohan-Polduc [b. ca 1590 ?], married in 1610 to Julienne Le Metayer.

Mentioned Jean-Baptiste I de Rohan-Polduc d. 1711, m. Pelagie Martin, dame de Chateaulin, with the son
Jean-Baptiste II de Rohan-Polduc d. 1755, m. Marie Louise de Velthoven
and grandson
Jean-Baptiste de Rohan-Polduc b. 1724
[his sister was Marie Pelagie de Rohan-Polduc (1724-1753), the wife of (1737) Francois de Groesquer, comte de Groesquer
and his brother was
Emmanuel Marie-des-Neiges de Rohan-Polduc
(b. 1725 in la Mancha in SPAIN - d. 1797 in Valletta; ambassador, general of the galleys, bailiff of Justice, general of the land and naval forces,
Knight of Malta, grand master of the Order of the Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem).

Mentioned Cagliostro with Althotas, the member of the Knights of St. John, visited Turkey in 1762, and they back to Malta. Cagliostro again visited Malta after trips to North Africa and Europe, where new Grand Master de ROHAN-POLDUC, grant him a chivalrous dignity. In 1776 Giuseppe Balsamo came to London.

In Poland in turn Franciszek Sulkowski b. 1733 in Dresden, was in January 1776 established a treasurer, collector, and administrator of the Polish Priory [Maltese Order], and from October 1776 became the superior of the commandery of Saint John the Baptist [Maltese Order],
from hands of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, ie.
Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc, b. 1725, in la Mancha, Spain; the 70th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of St. John from 1775 to 1797 [the Maltese Order of Russia in 1797 was brought to life].

Franciszek Sulkowski did not join to Rydzyna estate, created by his brother August Kazimierz Sulkowski, b. 1729 in Dresden.

ANTONI Sulkowski b. 1735 {the member of the Malta Order},
Franciszek Sulkowski {the Maltese Order} and
above August Sulkowski were the sons of
Aleksander Jozef Sulkowski b. 1695 + Maria Franciszka Stein zu Jettingen.

Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta before 1713.
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was preceded by
Armand de Rohan-Soubise ie. Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne), a French Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg

[LOUIS CESAR CONSTANTIN in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and was the titular bishop in Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel)].

Named above Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was succeeded by
Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church,
the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

Louis de Rohan / Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), in 1779,
succeeded his uncle,
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779) / Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort,
as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.
In 1789 Louis RENE was chosen to the Estates-General in 1789, in Haguenau and Wissembourg. In 1791 he back to Ettenheim, in the German part of his diocese. He was the titular
Bishop of Canopus / Canopo, Egypt in Alexandria / Alessandria.
Louis-Rene-Edouard de Rohan-Guemenee of Guemene, b. 1734, d. 1803; in 1760 appointed, and in 1779 succeeded, Bishop of Strasbourg. Members of the Rohan family had the office of Bishop of Strasbourg since 1704.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), appointed Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg and Graf of Alsace in 1756 on the death of his uncle Armand de Rohan-Soubise / Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne).

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg.

Compare the visit from COURLAND in Strasbourg, ca 1740/1745.
Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem [Dorothea von MEDEM], b. 1761 at Mezotne, now Latvia, d. 1821, Duchess of Courland, married to Peter von Biron,
had elder half sister,
poet Elisa von der Recke [Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke], from her father's previous marriage.

Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke born in Schunberg, Courland,
was the daughter of
Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem / Georg Johann Friedrich Medem [Imperial Count Frederick of Medem], b. 1722, d. 1785,
and she was the granddaughter of
Georg Christoffer von Medem and Sibylle Charlotte.

Named Dorothea von MEDEM had two famous daughters:
A.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836,
the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688.
B.
Dorothea von Biron, Prinzessin von Kurland, 1793-1862, married to Edmond de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duca di Dino, 1787-1872.

Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], but earlier he visited some important people and places in the following order: Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779; Konigsberg / Krolewiec on 25th February 1779; Mitau / Mitawa in Courland about 01st March 1779 [to von Medem and von Recke].

Cagliostro met in Mitau in March 1779, Charlotte Elisabeth Konstantia v. Recke, ie. ELISA.

Elisa's father was Freemason, like her uncle -
OTTO von Medem, the brother of her father.
They together [ca 1740/1745] in Strasbourg learned alchemists.
They were members of the Strict Observance lodge in MITAU [the Rite of Strict Observance was a Rite of Freemasonry, from 1749/1751/1754].

Karl Gotthelf, Baron von Hund und Altengrotkau b. 1722, Unwurde, a German freemason; in 1751 [1749 or 1754], he founded the Rite of Strict Observance. Von Hund came from Silesia. In 1741 Hund was at the coronation of Charles VII of BAVARIA, in Frankfurt, where he was admitted to the Masonic brotherhood. In 1742 / 1743 he was in Paris, and there converted to Catholicism. In 1743, he became Master of a lodge. He claimed that it was
in Paris in 1743 that he was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and was the introduced to the pretender to the British throne, Prince Charles Edward Stuart as the Grand Master of the Knights Templar.
Present were the Earl of Kilmarnock and other senior Jacobites.
He was initiated by the "Knight of the Red Feather, whose identity he was pledged to conceal, but he may have tried to hint that it was Charles Edward Stuart".

In 1781 Cagliostro worked in Strasbourg as a teacher for occultism and successfully as a magical healing artist.
Johann Caspar Lavater went from Zurich to Strasbourg specifically to check whether his method of treatment was similar to that of the exorcist Gasner.
In Strasbourg, then the stronghold of mystical masonry, Cagliostro acted under the Cardinal and Archbishop Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan-Guemene and entered the French court.
Cagliostro set up an Egyptian lodge.

In 1774, the Grand Priory of the Order of Malta in Poland was established, headed by Prince Adam Poninski, junior [see CAGLIOSTRO and MALTA]. Then the Order of MALTA was headed by the Sulkowski family - see Jozef Sulkowski [compare Venture de Paradise - Breguet - Maleszewski net]!

In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte setting off on the Egyptian campaign took Malta and the Order was exiled.

Above Adam Poninski b. 1732, was the Speaker of Parliament from 1773 to 1775, and the Prior of the Priory of the Polish Order of the Knights of Malta. In Poland were two 'komandorie' (Commanderies).
Before Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], he visited some important people and places, among others of
mentioned Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779.

And we have the network:
Wiktor SZOLDRSKI and the Szoldrski family of Wilkowo Polskie - Adam Poninski of Derazne [38 km west to Kostopol in Volhynia], and Count Alessandro di Cagliostro in Russia, in 1779-1780 - de LACY - von MEDEM - von RECKE of Courland [1779].

Ebenezer Sibly was deeply involved in occult, but his brother Manoah SIBLY was the member of the Swedenborgian Theosophical Society; and was living in London like Swedenborgian minister.
Manoah SIBLY thus provided a tangible connection between Ebenezer SIBLY / Ebenezer Sibley, and the Swedenborgian enthusiasts
Philippe de LOUTHERBOURG,
Peter Lambert de LINTOT
and
Charles RAINSFORD
- and in ca 1776 to CAGLIOSTRO [acc. to Susan Mitchell Sommers].

Hindmarsh was the founder of Theosophical Society in England. Together with
De Thome;
Count Cagliostro;
with the member Chastanier - he was also the member of "illumine d'Avignon"
[with H. JONES in England;
Marquis de THOME in Avignon;
Thomas Duche - the son of Jacob Duche in 1785/1786].

Chastanier was a supporter of a Plan for a Universal Society [with JACOB DUCHE] of SWEDENBORG [Richard Brothers, too].

"... A fascinating account of Cagliostro's exploits in Mittau is provided by Charlotta Elisabeth von Recke (1754-1833), the daughter of Friedrich von Medem, a prominent Courland aristocrat and Freemason.
Von Recke was among one of three women (along with her aunt and cousin) who were admitted into Cagliostro's mixed lodge on 29 March 1779.
According to von Recke, Cagliostro had persuaded the city's Masonic grandees, including her father and Count von der Howen
... Cagliostro's entrance into Petersburg society had been brokered through Masonic connections, as Count von Howen wrote a letter of introduction to Baron von Heyking, a fellow Courland Mason
... the German Rosicrucian Mason Baron G. Schroder, recorded in his diary that 'Elagin wanted to learn from Cagliostro how to make gold'.
Apparently, the latter wanted the necessary ingredients to be sent from Poland ... The narrator also states that Cagliostro had previously carried out alchemical experiments in Poland, in the company of Prince Adam Poninski (1732-1798).
... In terms of alchemical healing, Corberon noted in his journal on 2 July 1781 that Cagliostro had treated the prominent official (and leading Freemason) Count Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov (1733-1811)
... Cagliostro had cured Ivan Isleniev of an open cancer ...
Grigorii Potemkin attended some of Cagliostro's alchemical meetings and even developed something of a crush on Lorenza, his wife.
What transpired between Lorenza and Potemkin is unknown, but it is fascinating to note that Catherine the Great wrote a number of letters to her famed lover ..."
[posted on November 30, 2012 by Robert Collis].

Count Alessandro di Cagliostro / Giuseppe Balsamo (born 1743 in Palermo, died 1795 in San Leo), was the founder of the Order of Egyptian Freemasonry and his Great Kopta; he was the ILLUMINATI.
Balsamo left the fatherland, Sicily, and with Armenian named Altotas, he went on a journey through the East: Greece, to Egypt, they came to Malta, but Altotas disappears -
Althotas / Altotas was German name Kolmer, who from Malta came to the German, and there he built the first lodges of the well-known Illuminati Order.

Balsamo appeared again in 1775. And in 1776, he came to Naples, Florence, Rome. He was expelled from the Papal State in 1776. Earlier in Rome he married Lorenza Feliciani. Cagliostro moved in Spain in 1776, then
in England in 1776;
next, he stopped in France, Holland, Germany, entered Masonry [1776-1777], and became a member of the Illuminati Order [1778 ? or in Courland in 1780].
I said, in 1776 Giuseppe Balsamo came to London. He learned here about Freemasonry. He was admitted to the London 'Expectation' lodge on April 12, 1777 thanks to his influential friends. In England, he took the name of Count di Cagliostro. He wanted to reform this movement. In 1777 he was sent to prison for a short time; from London in 1778, went to the Netherlands, came
to Paris in 1778. He found there a patron - Cardinal Louis de Rohan.
From Paris in 1778, came to Germany, and the Great Poland to ADAM PONINSKI [Summer 1778 - maybe Cagliostro met the Szoldrskis in Wilkowo Polskie
- compare the text of this webpage, below !].
He went to Konigsberg [February 1779] and in COURLAND, ie. Mitau / Mitava, and went to Saint Petersburg. In Mitava, at the court of the Duke of Courland, he met Miss Eliza von der Recke/ ELISA, the sister [half-sister] of the duchess of Courland [now look for the family of von Medem and von KORFF].

Chancellor von KORFF in Konigsberg on 25th February 1779 thought Cagliostro is the secret Jesuit agent on a mission.
German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779. You will look at interesting connections and not only, genealogical:
von Korff family from Courland;
the Armand family from Moscow;
here is a known step towards general Franciszek Paszkowski [+ Artur Potocki, the Templar - and to Lubuszany close to Miezonka of the Konstantynowiczs]
and Apolon Konstantynowicz, together with Lenin [+ Inessa Armand] and Anna Konstantynowicz;
and Cagliostro in Konigsberg and Mitau in Courland in February - March 1779, and St Petersburg in 1779-1780.
And Cagliostro - with the visit of Tadeusz Grabianka in London - and again the Breguet family and Edward Brown of London appear: and we have just returned to the air-telegraph-military company Duflon & Konstantinovich in St Petersburg and Zaporozhe in Russia.
So the main thought of the [Polish-French] Illuminati Order is the work of Tadeusz Grabianka.
The thought of taking power in Russia was a central idea guiding the Polish underground from the 80s of the 18th century until 1917. The continuator of the main thought of Tadeusz Grabianka about taking power in the tsar state - in the Russian Empire - was Jozef Pilsudski.

Cagliostro back to WARSAW - in June 1780, Cagliostro had a performance at the Boguslawski Palace.
In this year, he founded the Egyptian Masonic Lodge in Warsaw.
Cagliostro came to Warsaw in the first days of May 1780.
He got introduced to Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski, chamberlain, and count AUGUST Moszynski.
Prince KAZIMIERZ Poniatowski, chamberlain
- Stanislaw Poniatowski, younger, was the son of Prince Kazimierz Poniatowski (b. 1721), a Deputy Chamberlain of Lithuania (1742-1773), Commander of the Royal Army.
Kazimierz Poniatowski was the brother of the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Stanislaw II Augustus, who saw in his nephew a possible successor and heir to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Kazimierz's family owned BEREZYNA - LUBUSZANY landestate, close to Miezonka.
Both, Kazimierz and the KING were born to Konstancja Czartoryska (b. 1700).

Probably Tadeusz Grabianka also brought di Cagliostro to Sutkowce and Grabianka set up an alchemical workshop - laboratory for Cagliostro in July-August 1780. Tadeusz Grabianka was living in the Latyczow county, in Rajkowce and Sutkowce.

Grabianka - like with Cagliostro - with count Michal Aleksander Ronikier [in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podolia] and Brumer, in accordance with the method set by Pernety, led the work to create a homunculus.
But in order to create a homunculus you would require advanced genetic engineering beyond our current scientific scope. It is a representation of a small human being. Popularized in sixteenth-century alchemy.
"In 1775, Count Johann Ferdinand von Kufstein, together with Abbe Geloni, an Italian cleric, are reputed to have created ten homunculi with the ability to foresee the future, which von Kufstein kept in glass containers at his Masonic lodge in Vienna [by Wikipedia]".
But Jerzy Siewierski gives evidence that [p. 107-108, ed. Warsaw in 2003] Cagliostro was not in Sutkowce in 1780 [compare: Sophie de Korwin-Piotrowska in 1976; Ujejski; Danilewicz-Zielinska].
"Tadeusz Grabianka is the only Pole considered by the nineteenth-century English Masonic encyclopaedias. One of them (Mackenzie) provides information about his connections with the Parisian philanthropists. Beswick went further, stating that the famous
Cagliostro appeared in the group of "Lovers of Truth" under the pseudonyms "Mosmy", "St. Germain "or just Grabianka!
The legends also include the version about the visit of Cagliostro in Podolia, to Grabianka, which was to take there in 1775.
Dr Antoni J. Rolle also mentions several years of correspondence Cagliostro-Grabianka, lost in the mid-nineteenth century".

Michal Aleksander Ronikier
- in 1773 the owner of Kryniczany in the Kamieniec Podolski county, at Podole. Until 1785/1787 he lived mainly in Zalozce / Zalizci, in Podolia [47 km north-west to Tarnopol], and he took in 1783/1785 the Count title in Austria.
Zalozce - in the hands of Potocki. In 1768, together with the castle, belonged to Michal Alexander Ronikier, general-lieutenant. The wife of Ronikier was Teresa Miaczynska.
And if we are already talking about the family of RONIKIER, counts who had contacted with the ILLUMINATI and Cagliostro, then this is the opportunity to look at their genealogy -
this is a great example of how the ILLUMINATI by means of marriages, have penetrated into the environment that they needed.
In this case, the Illuminati came close to the imperial court, being associated with the Bobrinsky / Bobrzynski family, derived from Catherine II also known as Catherine the Great, born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the Empress of Russia.
Nevertheless Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802, the Illuminati, was living in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county, and in Podolia.
Michal Aleksander Ronikier, 1728-1802 in Nowosiolki, the Oszmiana county;
parents:
Piotr RONIKIER and Dorota von Cosel, b. ca 1700.
In 1771, Zatonie acquired the countess von Cosel, the widow of Frederic August COSEL, the son of Augustus II and Countess Cosel.
After the death of the Countess in 1784, Zatonie inherited her son, Gustav Ernest, whose scandalous lifestyle led to the sale of the estate in 1789 to Johnston von Krogeborn. ...
In 1809, the property was bought by Peter von BIRON / Piotr Biron, it was designated as a dowry for the youngest daughter -
Dorothy von Biron, Talleyrand / Dorota Biron, wife of Maurycy Talleyrand-Perigord, later Princess de Dino.
Princess Dorothy returned from France to Zatonie in 1840 and lived here until 1844.

In Warsaw, Tadeusz Grabianka had joined the reformed order of "Templars" or "Strict Observance" Masons, founded around 1760 by Baron Charley Hund (d. 1776) and, through that connection, he met Pernety in Berlin in 1778
(acc. to Scholem, 1961, 287-296; Garrett in 1975, p. 102).

The Illumines practiced the "true science of numbers" and posec questions to a divine intelligence whom they called "Sainte-Parole"
... The Illumines had frequent contact with Strasbourg [to the Rohan].
Each member had an occult number. Pernety's being no. 135. When consulted by Brumore concerning Grabianka, known as "Dear King 1.3.9," Sainte-Parole intoned:
"Oh my son, his heart is pure. Do not fear to mix your incense with his, because one day he will become seven times greater than you!" (acc. to Bricaud 1927, 46; see also 43; Harrison in 1979, p. 71).

Pernety brought in others like the French priest Guyton de Morveau, known as Brumore,
along with Morinval,
Melle Bruchier,
Countess Stadniska
[STADNICKA / Teresa Stadnicka Grabianka, 1749-1826],
the Count and Countess Jean Tarnowski
[JAN TARNOWSKI / Jan Amor Tarnowski, general of the Crown troops, and his wife Tekla Grabianka Tarnowska from Pankracewice (1740-1805) - the Vinnytsia county],
and others.

In 1778 or in 1779, with the arrival of Count Tadeusz Grabianka, the Illumines were formally constituted (acc. to Garrett in 1975, p. 101; and to Harrison in 1979, p. 70)" in BERLIN.

Among the prominent Illumines were
the Chevalier Marie Daniel Bourree de Corberon (1748 - 1810);
Dr. Bouge;
Jean Pierre Moet (1721-1806), the Marquis de Thome;
and Esprit Calvert, a professor of physiology at the Avignon medical faculty.

The group in BERLIN worked under the control of Louis Joseph Bernard Philibert Guyton de Morveau, called Brumore (1738-1786);
and under command of the alchemist and former Benedictine Dom Antoine Joseph Pernety (1716-1796);
and the Polish count Tadeusz Grabianka financed the alchemical experiments of the sect [Kalinowski's money].

Brumore / Louis-Joseph-Philibert de Morveau, 1738-1786, known as Abbe de Brumore, born in Dijon, 1738; 1773 - at Langres.
1774 - he is, according to ALICE JOLY, lector of the wife of the heir to the French throne, dauphine Marie Antoinette, at Versailles;
the lector of the abbey of VERMOND. Librarian of Prince HENRI of PRUSSIA.

"... By the end of the Eighteenth Century numerous enthusiasts for Swedenborg's reported experiences, and for some of his ideas, were to be found in England and in continental Europe. ... e.g.
Benedict Chastanier and Count Tadeusz Grabianka, fell into the New Church only to fall rapidly out of it, others, Jacob Duche and General Rainsford, for example, kept their distance while maintaining their enthusiasm.
... Richard Brothers, who had taken up Swedenborgian doctrines at Avignon with the Abbe Pernety, and Count Grabianka.
Both Brothers and Grabianka attended meetings in London at the home of the Revd. Jacob Duche
who, while studiously avoiding a commitment to the New Church, encouraged the study of both Swedenborg and Jacob Boehme, the German mystic ...
Pernety established his Hermetic Rite of Freemasonry at Avignon in 1766,
but it did not contain Swedenborgian elements until Pernety returned from Berlin in 1785 and transformed his Rite into the Illumines d'Avignon.
They were joined by Count Grabianka, a confirmed Swedenborgian, who attempted to bring Pernety's Rite to London. Here he might have expected support from a fellow mason and Swedenborgian, Benedict Chastanier ..."
- above under copyright by Robert A. Gilbert published in Things Heard and Seen, the Newsletter of the Swedenborg Society, London, No. 15 (Autumn 2004) pp. 44-51.

The Reverend Jacob Duche (1737-1798) was a Rector of Christ Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and
the first chaplain to the Continental Congress.

Above
Adam Poninski (1732 or 1733 - 23 July 1798, junior)
was a Polish Prince, the leader of the Radom Confederation of 1767, Grand Treasurer of the Crown (from 1775), member of the Permanent Council, the Marshal of the Parliament in 1773-1775.

Poninski Adam [junior] was
the grandson of the POZNAN governor, Adam Poninski, oldest [ca 1680 - 1732],
and was the son of Maciej Poninski, the WSCHOWA official + 1st wife Franciszka Szoldrska, the daughter of Ludwik SZOLDRSKI from Wilkowo Polskie.

Adam Poninski [junior] in 1775 visited LONDON [he was the chief of the Malta Order in Poland in 1774 ! - compare Cagliostro in London].
The owner of Derazno in Volhynia / Wolyn until 1779; and Bar, Cudnow, Lubar and Lysobyki in Volhynia; Lipowiec near Winnic.
FREEMASON in 1774 in LWOW, and - in 1777 - he received from J. L. Toux de Salverte a higher initiation in the Warsaw's "Bon Pasteur" with the rank of "bachelor of the East and the Shield".
In 1779 Adam Poninski was affiliated to the "Parfait Sileone" Lodge with the honorary dignity of the "protector".
Considered by many contemporaries and historians a traitor, serving Russian ambassadors, he was stripped of all titles and exiled by the decree in 1790.

Mentioned above
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski (1675 in Czempin; d. 1749 in Czempin, 15 km north-east to KOSCIAN, and 29 km north-east to WILKOWO POLSKIE
- see Pradzynski, Kiedrzynski, Szoldrski, Lady Zamoyska-Kiedrzynska in 1775),
the Gniezno governor, and Inowroclaw, Kalisz, Poznan. The owner of WILKOWO POLSKIE !
The son of Andrzej SZOLDRSKI (d. 1703), and Zofia Radomicka.

Ludwik Szoldrski married Marianna Bogumila Unrug (d. 1754) / Marianna UNRUH.

Cagliostro arrived in St Petersburg in 1779 [until 1780], but earlier he visited some important people and places in the following order:
Adam Poninski in Poland [maybe in Wilkowo Polskie - the land of the SZOLDRSKI family, his next of kin] in about September 1778 - February 1779;
Konigsberg / Krolewiec on 25th February 1779;
Mitau / Mitawa in Courland about 01st March 1779 [to von Medem and von Recke].
Cagliostro met in Mitau in March 1779, Charlotte Elisabeth Konstantia v. Recke, ie. Elisa von der Recke (1754 - 1833); she will be the future author, German writer and poet.
Elisa / Elisabeth Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke born in Schunberg, Courland; was the daughter of the Imperial Count Frederick of Medem and his wife Louise.
In 1787 a small document appeared in Berlin and caused a sensation:
"News of ... Cagliostro stay in Mitau in 1779 and its magical operations." By Charlotta Elisabeth Konstantia von der Recke, nee Countess of Medem.
"To my friends in Kurland and Germany." So it was on the front page. It was the unmasking of Cagliostro as "a gross deceiver", "to use the weaknesses and inclinations of people, with crafty cunning, ... though rather clumsy, but also know how to play mischievously" (Treger, p. 397).
In 1787, it appeared news of the notorious Cagliostro stay in Mitau in 1779 and its magical operations;
Catherine the Great, as a reward for the book, gave ELISA lands near Mitau. This was financially independent of von Recke.

Cagliostro in 1779 in Courland, and Elisa who was the Freemason, were very close to people like [all Freemasons]:

her cousin LOUISE
[acc. to me:
Louisa Elisabeth von Nolde, b. 1754, the daughter of Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel-Szoege-von NOLDE;
Luise Charlotte was the wife of Gerhard Christopher von Nolde, of Kalleten
and Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem];

her cousin Charles;

her aunt Madame von Medem nee von Keyserling / de Kayserling
[Anna Rgfin. von Keyserling (ca 1732 - 1793 in MITAU). The wife of
Christoph Dietrich George von Medem, b. 1721,
who was the son of Georg Christoffer von Medem, 1684-1746.
Christoph's brother -
Georg Johann Friedrich baron von Medem, b. 1722, was the father of
Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von der Recke (von Medem), b. 1754.
Count Hermann Karl von Keyserling (1697-1764) was a Russian diplomat from the Keyserlingk family of Baltic German nobility based in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. Hermann Karl's daughter was named above Anna von Medem];

her stepmother AGNES
[the father of Elisa von RECKE, was the husband of
Luisa Dorothea von Medem;
Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel - Szoege - Platon,
and 3rd to Agnes];

her friend Otto von HOVEN, the governor of Mitau
[Otto Hermann von der Howen, b. 1740 in Fockenhof, Courland / Kurland, Latvia; died in 1806 in Gulben (Livl.). The son of Otto Christopher von der Howen and Elisabeth Dorothea von der Howen. Otto was the Senator];

major von Korff - chancellor
[Russian spy!
Chancellor von KORFF in Konigsberg on 25th February 1779 thought Cagliostro is the secret Jesuit agent on a mission.
German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779.
Besides, a high official, the Chancellor von Korff, was hostile to Cagliostro. The eminent Mason in Mitau];

and Sigismund von Schwander.

All above under the influence of the wife of Cagliostro - Seraphina, on the 29th March 1779 in Mitau.

Elisa's father was Freemason [husband of Luisa Dorothea von Medem; Luise Charlotte von Manteuffel - Szoege - Platon, and 3rd to Agnes]
and her uncle - OTTO von Medem, the brother of her father.
They together [ca 1740/1745] in Strasbourg learned alchemists.
Members of the Strict Observance lodge in MITAU [the Rite of Strict Observance was a Rite of Freemasonry].

The Polish conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3.
Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski,
Andrzej Kapostas,
Michal Kochanowski,
Alexander Linowski,
Stanislaw Woyczynski,
Ludwik Gutakowski,
Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki,
Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
To the second group belonged radical activists of conspiracy, among whom we find Freemasons as:
Eliasz Aloe,
Piotr Grosmani,
Joachim Muszynski,
Erazm Mycielski who lived close to Pleszew and near by the Stadnickis,
Jozef Herman Pawlikowski,
Stanislaw Wegrzecki and
Wojciech Boguslawski.

Mentioned above
Dorothea von Biron, Prinzessin von Kurland, 1793-1862, married to Edmond de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duca di Dino, 1787-1872.

In February 1779 Cagliostro traveled to Mitau, where he met the poetess Elisa. Goethe wrote that Cagliostro was of Jewish origin, Balsamo comes from the hebrew Baal Shem. He travelled as a child to Medina and Cairo, to Malta to have been admitted to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
Giuseppe Balsamo found in PARIS a patron - Cardinal Louis de Rohan. Named Louis Rene de ROHAN born in 1734; Archbishop of Strasbourg, the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene, b. 1688.

Cardinal Louis de Rohan had sibilings:
1.
Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux and of Cambrai; b. 1738, d. 1813. He had illegitimate children with Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany, illegitimate daughter of the English pretender.
Ferdinand's son - Charles Edward Stuart.
Charlotte was the daughter of Charles III Prince Charlie STUART, Duke of Albany, born in 1720 - Rome, and Clementina, Css of Aberstroff, WALKINSHAW.
2.
Jules, prince de Guemene, born in 1726.
This a branch of Dorothea von MEDEM who had two famous daughters:
The first was
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836
[the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688].

Count Alessandro de Cagliostro or as Giuseppe Balsamo, of Sicily, an occult practitioner, was initiated into the Illuminati at Mitau in 1780,
"in an underground room. He later said, that an iron box filled with papers was opened, ... a member read the oath of secrecy, which began:
'We, Grand Masters of Templars...'.
... The book was an outline of their plans, which included an attack on Rome.
He discovered that they had money at their disposal in banks at Amsterdam, Rotterdam, London, Genoa, and Venice. ...
Cagliostro was instructed to go to Strasbourg, France, to make the initial contacts necessary for the instigation of the French Revolution.
Identified as a Grand Master of the Prieure de Sion,
... He was arrested in 1790, in Rome, for revolutionary activities".

We back to the Poninskis:
Duke Adam Poninski, 1758 or 1759 - 1816, youngest, the Insurgent in 1794, the son of the Parliament Marshal, Duke Adam Poninski
[Adam invited the Cagliostros to Warsaw],
1732-1798.
And the great-grandson of
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski, 1675 - 1749;
Adam Poninski, 1680 - 1732, the son of Hieronim and Teresa Chociszewska.
And also of Marianna Bogumila Marcjanna Unrug / Marianna Unruh, 1670-1754.

Adam's youngest [1758/1759-1816] brother:
Aleksander b. 1766 m. Zofia Poletylo.
Adam's youngest relative -
Apolonia Poninska, born [ca 1750 ?] bef 1758 - d. 1800, m.
Karol Ernest Biron, the Babimost official in 1771, the Sycow owner, 1728-1801.
Apolonia was the daughter of Maciej Poninski, the Wschowa official, 1700-1758, and Apolinara Jaraczewska.
And Apolonia Biron was the granddaughter
of Adam Poninski, oldest, 1680-1732, the son of Hieronim and Teresa Chociszewska.

Apolonija von Biron / Apolonija Biron / Poninska, Biron von Curland, b. 1759 in Wrzesnia, d. 1800 in St Petersburg.
The wife of Prinz Karl Ernst von Biron / Karol Ernest Biron, 1728 in Konigsberg - 1801. Brother of Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron.
Named Peter von Biron / Piotr Biron, 1724 in Jelgava, Latvia - 1800 in Schloss Gellenau / Jeleniow, close to Lewin Klodzki, west to Klodzko.
He was supported by the Czartoryskis.
Husband of Anna Dorothea Duchess of Kurland;
of Caroline Louise / Luiza von Waldeck Pyrmont,
and Eudoxia von Biron.
Mentioned Duchess of Courland, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron, Css von Medem, known as Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem / Dorothea von Kurland, 1761 in Mezotne, Latvia - d. 1821 in Lobichau, Thuringen.
Daughter of Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Count von Medem and Lovisa Charlotta von Manteuffel, Szoege, Platon.
Wife of Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron.
Sister of Johann Friedrich von Medem;
Karl von Medem and
Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem,
half sister of Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von Medem / ELISA,
and
Louisa Elisabeth von Nolde.
Named Dorothea von MEDEM had two famous daughters:
A.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, 1781-1839, relationship in 1798 with Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, 1757- 1814.
Wilhelmine von Biron, Herzogin von Sagan, married in 1800 to Jules Armand Louis de Rohan, Principe di Rohan 1768-1836
[the son of Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, b. 1745, duc de Montbazon and Victoire Armande Josephe de Rohan.
The grandson of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan b. 1726 in Paris;
the great-grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene born in 1688].
Above named ELISA / Charlotte Elisabeth Konstanze von der Recke (von Medem), 1754 in Skaistkalne, Latvia - 1833 in Dresden, Germany. Daughter of Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Graf von Medem and Luisa Dorothea von Korff.
She met CAGLIOSTRO in Courland.
Above Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) Graf von Medem, 1722 - 1785, the son of Georg Christoffer von Medem and Charlotte von Knigge.
Husband of Luisa Dorothea von Korff / Louise, 1736 - 1757, the daughter of Nicolaus VII von Korff, Baron.
And the husband of Lovisa Charlotta von Manteuffel, Szoege, Platon / Louise Charlotte von Medem, 1732 - 1763. The daughter of Christoph Friedrich Von Manteuffel. Wife of Gerhard Christopher von Nolde, and Johann Friedrich (Ivan Fedorovich) von Medem.
And husband of Agnes von Medem / von Brukken / von Fock, 1718 - 1784.

DUBNO - Mitawa / Mitau line:

Main supporter of Tadeusz Grabianka, the Illuminati [Tadeusz Grabianka in 1778 in Warsaw to the Templars; 1778/1779 in Berlin to the Illuminati and Stadnicki], was August Jozef Ilinski was born on 18.08.1766 in Romanow, and had sibilings:
1.
Janusz Stanislaw Ilinski b. 1765, Romanow; killed in 1792, Markuszew; Chamberlain of the Polish King Stanislaw August in 1785, captain of the national cavalry, General Inspector of Cavalry in 1789, the deputy of the province of Kijow in 1791.
2.
Anna Maria Ilinska b. ca 1765, 1st m. Franciszek Zabierzowski, Chamberlain of the Polish King Stanislaw August in 1786; 2nd she was married to Franciszek Ksawery Brockmann.
3.
Ludwika Ilinska b. ca 1766, married Bartlomiej Gizycki, the 2nd, d. 1827, Moloczki, 56 km SW to Zytomierz; General, the nobility Marshal in Volhynia in 1825,
the son of Kajetan Gizycki,
the grandson of Bartlomiej GIZYCKI, the 1st, b. 1682.

Mentioned August Jozef Ilinski was the son of Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski, born in 1731 in the DUBNO parish + Jozefa Wessel
[Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski was the owner of Romanow, the Zytomierz official, MP of Kiev, in 1779 Count;
m. 1st Marianna Jozefa Wessel 1 voto Jan Aksak;
m. 2nd Katarzyna Bielska the daughter of Jozef Bielski b. ca 1700;
m. 3rd to Anna Jakoba Braconnier].

Above Jan Ilinski was the son of Kazimierz Ilinski born ca 1670/1690, died in 1756 in DUBNO, and Anna Suszczewicz.
Above KAZIMIERZ ILINSKI - the owner of Romanow / Romaniw ca 1710 ?; Kazimierz Ilinski the owner of Romanow and Kuren / Kurne, in 1722 Colonel.

We back to von MEDEM - von BIRON branch of Courland + Chocen with the Zakrzewskis and Wilkowo Polskie of the Szoldrskis:

Piotr Biron / Peter von Biron, b. 1724 in Mitawa, d. 1800 in Jeleniow south-west to Nowa Ruda, west to KLODZKO;
Duke of Courland in 1769 - 1795, the Zagan duke in 1786 - 1800.
His 3rd wife was Dorota von Medem.

Karol Ernest Biron von Curland / Karl Ernst Biron von Curland, b. 1728, d. 1801, the Babimost official, General-Major, FREEMASON, the son of Ernest Jan Biron. KARL was the brother of mentioned Piotr Biron.
Karl married in 1778 in Dubno, to Apolonia Poninska.
Named Dorota von Medem, closest to German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) who wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was in Mitau on 01st MARCH 1779. In October 1789, Elisa and her sister, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron / Dorota von Medem (1761 - 1821), went for a diplomatic mission to the court of Stanislaw August.

We back to von BIRON:
Ernst Johann von Biron, 1690 - 1772, was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740.
In 1734, SYCOW in Silesia, on the Polish-Austrian border, was acquired by Ernst Johann von Biron, "whose descendants held Wartenberg even after the Prussian annexation of Silesia in 1742, until they were expelled in 1945"
[by Wikipedia].
Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 back from Warsaw to Germany at way Wieruszow - Sycow. So, Niebuhr was in Sycow owned by Ernst Johann von Biron. And Cagliostro was in Courland in 1778. Niebuhr and Cagliostro were in Malta to Manuel Pinto.
Ernst von Biron was succeeded - in 1772 - as Duke of Courland by their son, Peter von Biron. Peter, prince of Courland, had a brother Karl Ernst von Biron (1728-1801). They took SYCOW, west to Polish Wieruszow [see the Kreski family and the Psarskis - Kiedrzynskis].
In 1723, Ernst Johann von Biron / Ernest Biron married Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha / Treyden (1703-1782), lady-in-waiting to Regent Anna of Russia.
In 1763, Catherine II of Russia re-established him in his duchy of Courland, which he bequeathed to his son Peter von Biron. He died in Mitava / Mitau, his capital, in 1772. Biron was succeeded as Duke of Courland by their son, Peter von Biron.
Peter, prince of Courland, had a brother Karl Ernst von Biron (1728-1801).
Peter had a sister - Hedvig Elizabeth von Biron of Courland (1727-1797), a princess of Courland and a Russian courtier; "she was the Ober-Hofmeisterin of the Empress Elizabeth of Russia and an influential person at the Russian court". Elizabeth Petrovna b. 1709, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death. She led the country during the two major European conflicts of her time.

Above Karol Ernest Biron von Curland / Karl Ernst Biron von Curland, b. 1728, d. 1801, the Babimost official, General-Major, FREEMASON, the son of Ernest Jan Biron. The brother of Piotr Biron. Karl married in 1778 in Dubno, to Apolonia Poninska. Mentioned Piotr Biron / Peter von Biron, b. 1724 in Mitawa, d. 1800 in Jeleniow, 3rd married to Dorota von Medem. Dorota von Medem, closest to German writer and poet from Courland - Elisa von der Recke (1754-1833) who wrote in 1787 on an alchemist and an adventurer, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. Elisa and her sister, Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Biron / Dorota von Medem (1761 - 1821), went for a diplomatic mission to the court of Stanislaw August. She arrived in Wilanow along with her sister on October 25, at the invitation of Prince Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha (1757 - 1798), who gave a large feast to the honor of the princesses. Beautiful ladies visited the Lubomirski family palace in Mokotow and Krolikarnia.

Mentioned Apolonia Poninska (1760 - 1800) married twice:
Marceli Poninski, the Gniezno official,
and 2nd to
Karol Ernest Biron, the Courland Duke.
Apolonia was the daughter of Maciej PONINSKI with 3rd wife.
Above Maciej Poninski had the 2nd wife Apolinara Jarczewska, with
1.
Eleonora Poninska (1747 - 1812) m. 1st Onufry Bierzynski, 2nd to Count Klemens Poninski;
2.
Kalikst Poninski (1753 - 1817), General, Duke in 1773; m. twice - Pss Barbara Lubomirska and Ludwika Chrzczonowska.

Above Maciej PONINSKI - the Babimost official; m. 1st to Franciszka Szoldrska of Wilkowo Polskie.
Wilkowo Polskie was owned short time by Kiedrzynska-Zamoyska.
Wilkowo Polskie has line to the Pradzynskis in Wola Wiazowa - here my family, come from Izydor Kiedrzynski.

Adam Karol Poninski (1732 - 1798), the Speaker of Parliament, Duke in 1773, m. Pss Jozefa Lubomirska;
was the son of Maciej PONINSKI - the Babimost official + 1st wife SZOLDRSKA.
Maciej Poninski, the Wschowa official, 1700 - 1758 + Franciszka Cecylia Szoldrska, 1714 - 1745;
and Cecylia Franciszka Szoldrska was the daughter of Ludwik Bartlomiej Szoldrski, 1675 - 1749 + Marianna Bogumila / Marcjanna Unrug, 1675/1680 - 1754.
Ludwik Szoldrski was the owner of Wilkowo Polskie close to BIALCZ.

And now we back to the genealogy of above Freemason, Mayor - President of Warsaw, Ignacy Zakrzewski. Ignacy Zakrzewski, the FREEMASON, came from Andrzej ZAKRZEWSKI [b. ca 1670/1675] and Franciszka Mielzynska, 1677 - 1764.
And now we back to Wilkowo Polskie of Szoldrski [+ Adam Poninski, older and junior] and of Zamoyska-Kiedrzynska, and to Stary BIALCZ of Izabela RADOMICKA, m. in 1731 to Izydor Zakrzewski from Pakoslaw [b. ca 1710], east to Rawicz.

Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski b. 1745 in Stary Bialcz [not in Pakoslaw] and died in 1802 in Zelechow, the first President of Warsaw, the Poznan official in 1790-1795, 1787-1790, and in 1786-1787, MP, the Freemason, was the son of
Izydor Zakrzewski [b. ca 1710], the SANTOK governor, and Izabella Radomicka, the daughter of Wladyslaw Radomicki, the Poznan governor.

Stary Bialcz is situated north to Smigiel.

See relationships and camaraderie between
TADEUSZ WOLANSKI [net of the Illuminati of Courland in 1795-1800] and Rajmund Skorzewski of Czerlejno / Czerniejew / Czerniejew-Radomice, ie. Rajmund Jozef Jan Skorzewski, Count, b. 1791 in Nekla, at the way from Kostrzyn to Wrzesnia.

Rajmund Skorzewski, died in 1859, in Bucz, in the WOLSZTYN county
[24 km south-east of Wolsztyn], 18 km south-west to STARY BIALCZ, 8 / 9 km east to Przemet, 6 km south-west to Popowo Stare, 9 km south-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Szoldrski and Zamoyska-Kiedzynska.
RAJMUND Skorzewski was son of Jozef Skorzewski and Helena Lipska.

Jozef Skorzewski / Jozef Ignacy was the Gniezno official; Jozef Ignacy Skorzewski leased Raszkow in 1802 from hands of Juljanna Arnold, the daughter of Kasper Kiedrzynski and Marjanna; and from Helena Kiedrzynska widowed after death bef. 1802 Izydor Kiedrzynski in JEDLNO [my family].

Izabela in 1731 m. Izydor Zakrzewski of Pakoslaw, and Bialcz was taken by ZAKRZEWSKI.

Pakoslaw - 15/19 km east to RAWICZ. Pakoslaw is a village in the Rawicz County, Greater Poland. Zakrzewski bought in 1788 Kobylniki [4 km east to Bialcz] and a half of Krzan, 2 km north to Bialcz.

Izydor Zakrzewski was the owner of Stary Bialcz, from hands of his wife - Izabela RADOMICKA, Zakrzewska, the owner of Stary Bialcz.

Ignacy Zakrzewski of CHOCEN [close to Wloclawek], married to Konstancja Zakrzewska, 1760 - 1840,
the daughter of Antoni Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, the governor of LAD, 1710-1779, and Agnieszka Anna Bielinska, 1731-1779.

Above Adam Karol Poninski (1732 - 1798), Duke in 1773, the Prior of the Polish Maltese Order.
Adam Poninski (1732 or 1733 - 23 July 1798), one of the leaders of the Radom Confederation of 1767, Grand Treasurer of the Crown (from 1775), member of the Permanent Council, he is remembered as the infamous Marshal of the Parliament, together with Michal Hieronim Radziwill, in 1773 - 1775.
His son, Adam Poninski, born in 1758, General.

De Toux / Detoux / de Thoux, de Salvert / de Salverte b. 1707, died in 1797 or 1794.
Toux de Salvert was a mathematics' scholar, ... draughtsman, and polyglot, was born near Tournai. FREEMASON in Poland.
Named Tournai / Tornai, as Dornick in English, is a municipality of Belgium, 85 kilometres southwest of Brussels {THUIN is situated south of Brussels}. "In 1713, under terms of the Treaty of Utrecht the former Spanish Netherlands, including Tournai, came into possession of the Austrian Habsburgs".
In 1794, France annexed the Austrian Netherlands.
In 1804 the County of Walhain
{Walhain is the Municipality, Province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium - south-east to Bruxelles}
was owned by Armande Victoire Rohan Soubise.

Victoire-Armande-Josephe de Rohan (b. 1743, d. 1807) was the daughter of Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise.

Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise was the son of Jules Francois Louis de Rohan and the
grandson of Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise, b. 1669

[Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise had the brother
Armand de Rohan, cardinal de Strasbourg;
and sisters - Emilie Sophronie Pelagie de Rohan and Constance Emilie de Rohan, princesse de Rouhen-Soubise].

Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise was the great-grandson of Francois de Rohan, Principe de Soubise;
the great-great-grandson of Hercule de Rohan, 2nd Duke of Montbazon and Count of ROCHEFORT.
Named here Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the second Duke of Montbazon

[his great-grandson also was Charles III de Rohan-Guemene (1655 - 1727), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guemene, Peer of France].

ROHAN-POLDUC branch come from the Rohan-Gue-de-l'Isle branch and of Rohan eldest branch; from Rohan eldest branch come Rohan-GUEMENE and from Guemene line come
1. Rohan-Rochefort and
2. Rochan-Soubise.

Mentioned Victoire-Armande-Josephe de Rohan (b. 1743, d. 1807) / Victoire de Rohan was married to Henri Louis Marie de Rohan, duc de Montbazon,
the son of Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, b. 1726
[the branch of Courland],
and the grandson of
Hercule 2nd Meriadec de Rohan, prince de Guemene, b. 1688
- the son of named above
Charles III de Rohan-Guemene (1655 - 1727), Duke of Montbazon, Prince of Guemene, Peer of France.

Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan known as Cardinal de Rohan (25 September 1734 - 16 February 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, was a French bishop of Strasbourg, the cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

Louis de Rohan was the brother of above Jules Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, b. 1726.

Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan,
His parents were
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.
In 1760, he was nominated coadjutor to his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, and he was appointed a bishop of Canopus, Egypt.
Louis de Rohan was opposed to the Austrian alliance. In 1771/1772, Louis de Rohan was sent to Vienna, because of the partition of Poland.
Empress Maria Theresa was hostile to his intrigues. Rohan was soon returned to Strasbourg.
In 1778, Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan was made a cardinal on the nomination of Stanislaus Poniatowski (Stanislaw August Poniatowski, the king of Poland).
In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, ie. Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg [Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), see below !].
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779, was succeeded by Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, the son of Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.
In 1789 Louis was chosen to the Estates-General in 1789, in Haguenau and Wissembourg. In 1791 he back to Ettenheim, in the German part of his diocese. He was
the titular Bishop of Canopus / Canopo, Egypt in Alexandria / Alessandria.
Louis-Rene-Edouard de Rohan-Guemenee of Guemene, b. 1734, d. 1803; in 1760 appointed, and in 1779 succeeded, Bishop of Strasbourg;

Louis de Rohan had parents:
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

Members of the Rohan family had the office of Bishop of Strasbourg since 1704.

Mentioned Louis Cesar Constantin de Rohan (1697, Paris - 1779, Paris) was the son of
Charles III de Rohan, and his 2nd wife, Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet.
The cousin of Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan.
His brother Armand-Jules de Rohan-Guemene, was the archbishop of Reims.

Louis-Cesar-Constantin de Rohan was the Knight of Malta.

Above Charles de Rohan (1655 - 1727) was Duke of Montbazon, and prince de Guemene. He was the son of
Charles de Rohan and Jeanne Armande de Schomberg.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779), appointed Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg and Graf of Alsace in 1756 on the death of his uncle Armand de Rohan-Soubise

[Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne)].
He was created cardinal by Pope Clement XIII in 1761.

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan b. 1717, d. 1756 in Saverne, was the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg.
His parents,
Anne Julie de Melun and Jules, de ROHAN, Prince de Soubise, ie. Cardinal de Soubise.

Above Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, in 1742, was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. Compare the visit from COURLAND here.
He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and
Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, was named as the bishop of Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel).
Compare Pinto in Malta in 1741 and Althotas.

Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan, was consecrated a bishop in 1742/1743 and a cardinal in 1747.
Upon the death of his great-uncle
[Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749) was a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704]
in 1749, he became Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1749.

Mentioned Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749, a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704, Cardinal in 1712,
Grand Almoner of France in 1713 and member of the regency council in 1722
[compare a trip of Peter the Great of Russia to West Europe in 1697, incognito with the so-called Grand Embassy to seek the aid of the European monarchs. In 1697 he traveled to the Netherlands, in England, visited Manchester, and "in 1698 Peter sent a delegation to Malta to observe the training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet"].

Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
A granite memorial tablet to Sir Robert Erskine, the 6th son of Sir Charles Erskine of Alva is situated at the Alva Kirkyard in Scotand.
Above Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet (1643 - 1690), of Alva, Fife, was sat in the Scottish Conventions in 1665 and 1667.
Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet b. 1643,
was the son of
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, and Mary Hope;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine.

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (born ca 1510/1520, died 1572), the 18th earl (in the 1st creation) or the 1st earl; the regent of Scotland,
was a son of
John ERSKINE, 5th Lord Erskine [his father as 6th Lord Erskine died maybe in 1552 or 1551], who was guardian of King James V and afterwards of Mary, Queen of Scots.

By Wikipedia:
"Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great. He became one of the Tsar's most powerful advisors. He is the first cousin of
John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)".
John Erskine, Earl of Mar,
(born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND
[Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Falkirk]
- died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle
[in 1729 he went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln],
now Aachen / Akwizgran, North Rhine-Westphalia in GERMANY.
Mar intrigued against James, and by 1725 he was no longer welcome at James's court in exile),
Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689),
Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, was regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th). He raised the 21st Regiment of Foot, or Royal Scots Fusiliers, in 1679.
Charles was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Mentioned Robert Erskine studied medical department in Edinburgh, then in Paris and Utrecht and was made a member of the Royal Society in 1703. "He arrived in Russia in 1704. Head of the entire medical chancellery, he was the Tsar's chief physician. ... he was appointed the first director of the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera and library"
In 1716, the Tsar designated him to privy councillor.
Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court ...".
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.

Royal Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland.
John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, began building his residence on becoming keeper of Stirling Castle.
James, Duke of Albany, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681.
At the accession of King George I in 1714, John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar,
was the 23rd Earl of Mar in the first creation of the earldom. He was also the sixth earl in the seventh creation (of 1565). Other sources count him as 22nd earl, still others number him 11th earl.
John Erskine, Earl of Mar, born in 1675 in Alloa, 9 km east of Stirling, and he was died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle. In 1729 he went to Aix-la-Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln. Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates.

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII

{James II and VII b. 1633, was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland. The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II.

James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales b. 1688, nicknamed the Old Pretender,
was the son of
King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
In 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married at the chapel of the Episcopal Palace in Montefiascone, near Viterbo, to
Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702-1735), the daughter of Jakub Sobieski, the granddaughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland.
He had two sons:
1. Charles Edward Stuart b. 1720, nicknamed "Bonnie Prince Charlie";
2. Henry Benedict Stuart b. 1725, a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church}.

His [James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas] first marriage was in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine,
daughter of
John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie.
He later married Mary Kerr, daughter of Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian and Lady Jean Campbell.
Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian, b. 1636, known as the 4th Earl of Lothian from 1675 to 1701.

James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine, 5th Earl of Rosslyn, 1869 - 1939,
the son of
Robert Francis St. Clair-Erskine, 4th Earl of Rosslyn and Blanche Adeliza St. Clair-Erskine.
He come from
James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn, 1762 - 1837,
who gone from
John Erskine, b. ca 1675 in Tillicoultry, Scotland, died in 1739.
Son of Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
Husband of Catherine St Clair.
And this is a branch of
Charles Erskine, of Alva, born in 1611 in Stirling, Scotland, died in 1663;
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Lady Marie Stewart;
husband of Mary Hope.

Above Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, m. Mary Hope; Charles was the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. He married Annabelle Murray.

See also:
Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar (1650 - 1689), a Scottish nobleman.
He is regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th) [= the 21st Earl of Mar (who died in 1689)].
On 2 April 1674 he married Mary Maule, daughter of George Maule, 2nd Earl of Panmure.
Their son
John Erskine succeeded to the title [John Erskine, 22nd and de jure 6th Earl of Mar, (1675 - May 1732), Scottish Jacobite].

Charles b. 1650, was the son of
Sir John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar, 9th Lord Erskine, b. 1605 in Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, died in 1668.
John 21st was the son of
John, Earl of Mar and Lady Jean Hay, ie.
John Erskine, Earl of Mar, b. ca 1580,
the son of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Erskine. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, born in 1556 in Stirling, near DRUMMOND, died in 1634, Stirling, Scotland.
Son of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. ca 1510/1520, and Annabelle Murray;
husband of Lady Marie Stewart and Anne Erskine.

John Erskine, Earl of Mar, b. ca 1580 was the husband of Lady Jean Hay.

Note:

"Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686 - 1743), commonly called the Chevalier Ramsay,
was a Scottish-born writer who lived most of his adult life in France. He was a Baronet in the Jacobite Peerage.
Ramsay was born in Ayr, Scotland, the son of a baker. In 1710 he visited Francois Fenelon in the Netherlands ... remained in France until 1724 ... 1724, Ramsay was sent to Rome ... Ramsay was associated with the court party of
John Erskine, Duke of Mar
... 1724 Ramsay was back in Paris. Ramsay was in England in 1730 ... died at St Germain-en-Laye ... 1743. ...".
Ramsay was associated with Freemasonry from its introduction in France (1725 - 1726).
Charles Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, who acted as Grand Master for France beginning in 1736, was present at Ramsay's funeral.

Peter the Great, the Russian Tsar took two trips abroad, his first trip in 1697-1698, and the second one in 1717-1718.
In 1716 and 1717, the Tsar revisited the Netherlands and went to see Herman Boerhaave. He continued his travel to the Austrian Netherlands and France; the Electorate of Hanover and the Kingdom of Prussia.
The Tsar's navy was powerful enough that the Russians could penetrate Sweden.
In 1717 Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.
The trips originated from political and military interests of Russia, to creation of a new image of the changing Russia. Russian diplomats and publishers wrote about the new Russia on the European magazines. In 1706, 'Journal de Trevoux' wrote that sciences were moving up-North, where 'presently ruling Tsar Peter Alekseyevich has a strong intention to enlighten his state'.
Peter's Chief Physician, President of the Apothecary Chancellery, Robert Erskine, was charged with supervision over the books and naturalia.
Erskine had to accompany the Tsar in his military expeditions, and, therefore, he hired
Johann Daniel Schumacher, the secretary of the Apothecary Chancellery,
who was born in Colmar and graduated from the University of Strasbourg in 1711.
Schumacher arranged preparations for opening the public Museum and public Library.
It happened in 1714 when Schumacher came to St Petersburg to Erskine.
"J. D. Schumacher, who had been in charge of the Kunstkamera and Library for many decades, mentioned 1714 as the date of the establishment of the first Russian State Public Museum and Library".
The Kunstkamera became organized as a state-of-the-art for that time universal museum.

Robert Erskine (1677 - 1718) wrote in Paris about Jacob Le Mort and his alchemical works.
Erskine undertake alchemical experiments in Moscow in 1706 - 1709, and in the Kikin Palace in St Petersburg.
Here was Cornelius Le Bruyn.
Albert Seba in 1711 sent to Erskine a letter on exotic medicines and phosphorus.
Johannes de Wilde in Amsterdam in 1717 took corespondence from Robert Erskine.
About secret chemical recipe wrote de Wilde in 1740 to Empress Anna of Rusia.
Jacob Bruce wrote to Erskine in 1712.
Robert Erskine was together with Peter the Great in Teplice in Czech in 1712.
Robert Erskine had in his library among others two books:
1. the Rosicrucians Manifestos in 1615 in Frankfurt;
and
2. the Strasbourg edition of "The Chemical Wedding ...", of Christian Rosencreutz in 1459.
And works of Paracelsus published in Strasbourg.

Above Armand de Rohan / Armand Gaston Maximilien, 1674 - 1749, a French bishop of Strasbourg in 1704,
had a brother -
Hercule Meriadec de Rohan, Duke de Rohan, principe de Soubise, b. 1669.
Others sibilings -
Emilie Sophronie Pelagie de Rohan and Constance Emilie de Rohan, princesse de Rouhen-Soubise.
They were children of Francois de Rohan, Principe de Soubise.
Grandchildren of Hercule de Rohan, 2nd Duke of Montbazon and Count of ROCHEFORT.

Above Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the second Duke of Montbazon. Hercule de Rohan, Duke of Montbazon, b. 1568, d. 1654 in Chateau de Couziers.
He was the son of Louis VI de Rohan, prince de Guemene and Leonore de Rohan.
Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the husband of Madeleine de Lenoncourt and Marie d'Avaugour, with:
1.
Louis VIII de Rohan, duc de Montbazon
[Louis VIII de Rohan, prince de Guemene, b. 1598, married Anne de Rohan, princesse de Guemene];
2.
Marie Aimee de Rohan, duchesse de Chevreuse
[Marie Aimee de Rohan, b. 1600 m. Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes Claude de Lorraine, duc de Chevreuse];
3.
Francois de Rohan, prince de Soubise, b. 1630, married Catherine de Lyonne Anne de Rohan-Chabot, dame de Soubise;
4.
Anne de Rohan and
5. Marie Eleonore de Rohan.

Hercule de Rohan (1568 - 1654) was the brother of Louis VII de Rohan, duc de Montbazon; and Pierre de Rohan, prince de Guemene.

Mentioned Louis VI de Rohan, prince de Guemene, comte de Montbazon, b. 1540, m. Eleonor de Rohan, comtesse de Rochefort, b. 1539.

We back to Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779).

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Louis Constantin de Rohan-Rochefort, the Strasbourg bishop, ie. Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg [Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779)].

Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779.
Son of Charles III de Rohan, and Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet (1657-1719). See below.
Note -
Louis Rene de ROHAN born in 1734; Archbishop of Strasbourg, his parents were
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan. He was born in Paris.
Grandparents:
above Charles de Rohan, 5th Duc de Montbazon + Charlotte Elisabeth de Cochefilet.

Charles de Rohan [III] (30 September 1655 - 10 October 1727) was a French Duke of Montbazon, and prince de Guemene.
He was the son of Charles de Rohan and Jeanne Armande de Schomberg.

Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779, was preceded by
Armand de Rohan-Soubise ie. Cardinal Francois-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1717, Paris - 1756, Saverne), a French Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg

[1742, he was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Strasbourg. He was the great-nephew of the Prince-Bishop, Cardinal Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan, and was the titular bishop in Ptolemais in Palestine (now Acre, Israel)].

His parents, Anne Julie de Melun and Jules, Prince de Soubise.

Named above
Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697 - 1779), the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg in 1756-1779,
was succeeded by
Louis Rene Edouard de Rohan-Guemene, Cardinal de Rohan (1734 - 1803), prince de Rohan-Guemene, a French bishop of Strasbourg, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church,
the son of
Hercule Meriadec, Prince of Guemene and Louise Gabrielle Julie de Rohan.

In 1779, Louis de Rohan succeeded his uncle, Constantine de Rohan-Rochefort, as bishop of Strasbourg, though he spent much of his career working in Paris.

Net of Polish conspirators, 1767/1768-1918:

Romanow in the Zhytomyr county [Stebnicki; compare Gizycki, Oskierka], Kamieniec Podolski and Skala Podolska [Carsten Niebuhr in 1767 to Kossakowski, Stadnicki, Krasinski]; Felsztyn and Kamionka Wielka [Krasicki with Pradzynski and Sulimierski branch]; Rohatyn [Wilhelm Reich and homosexual ideology, with line to Krasinski, Jan Klemens Branicki and the Poniatowskis],
Krasne close to Przasnysz [Krasinski with the Leopold's Kronenberg family], Wieniec and Chocen close to Wloclawek [see Osiecz Wielki with net to Zakrzewski, Skorzewski, Kiedrzynski], Wilkowo Polskie close to Przemet [a line of Cagliostro - Szoldrski - Poninski - Kiedrzynski - Mielzynski - Walknowski - Bardzki and Erasmus Mycielski], Jedlno near to Radomsko [Stadnicki - Mecinski - Walewski; my family Kiedrzynski - a line to Raszkow south to Pleszew and the Skorzewski - Tadeusz Wolanski branch], Pleszew and Raszkow [Skorzewski - Kiedrzynski - Arnold - Wolowski (the connections to Szymanowski - Brzezinski - Adam Mickiewicz - Woroniecki close to Przasnysz and Rozan)],
Pakosc close to Inowroclaw [with Krotoszyn, Znin and Inowroclaw, Wloclawek masonic movement; Tadeusz Wolanski the godson of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Illuminati and Jefferson, Courland and Cagliostro. Pakosc owned the Dzialynski family, also in Goluchow; the relatives of Oskierka of Miezonka],
Miezonka (Oskierka - Dzialynski; Chrapowicki - Bouvier; Stanislaw Radziwill and his family: Stefania Julia Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan) - Lubuszany - Berezyna - Rawanicze and Kaluzyca [Konstantynowicz, Potocki, Poniatowski, Tyszkiewicz, Branicki branch - compare Branicki and Kalinowski in 1840; Slotwinski - Koziell Poklewski - Wankowicz and a line to Swolna and Oswieja - here the Prozor family and Malkiewicz];
Viljandi and Parnu in Estonia [the fate of my family Konstantynowicz with Krauze and Dunkel; Rosenberg];
Moscow and Kazan [Demonsi, Konstantynowicz, Armand, Paszkowski, Japaridze, Oldenburg];
Swolna [Wankowicz, Chrapowicki - Bouvier - Miezonka of Stefania Julia Radziwill came from Stanislaw Radziwill; Zarako Zarakowski and Konstantynowicz], Dryssa and Oswieja in Belarus [Malkiewicz, Prozor, Zarako Zarakowski, Konstantynowicz].

The Illuminati genealogical net and Polish conspirators roots:

Stefania Ilinski (1841 - 1920) m. Wladyslaw LASKI = Lasek, banker, in 1870 the President of the International Bank in St. Petersburg. The group included the Petersburg International Bank and Russian Bank for Foreign Trade from Russian side.
Their rivals may be called as 'Rothschilds' group', including besides Rothschilds their allies with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank.
The French side included Credit lyonnais [see Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company] and Credit industriel et commercial.
Petersburg International Bank and Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank acted as intermediaries between the syndicate and the Russian government.
WLADYSLAW LASKI / Vladislav Ljasskij (1831-1889) and Discount and Loan Bank's director, Abram Zak (d. 1893) played the roles of financial advisers of Ivan Vyshnegradsky, the Russian minister of Finance in 1888-1892. The minister was suspected of close connections with 'Rothschilds' group'.
The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company co-operated with the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank. The St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank was cooperating especially closely with the St. Petersburg International Bank by taking part "in the military industrial group to build submarines for the Baltic Navy.
The group included Lessner's Plant and Nobel's Plant in St. Petersburg, which played a leading role in the group, as well as Fenix, Atlas, and Gatchinsky Ironworks".
Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich b. 1862, political and public figure, banker, was Director of Moscow Discount Bank; heading a defence Commission 1907-10.
In St Petersburg, he was a member of St Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank's board. From 1915, he was Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee and a member of Special Meeting for defence. At the end of 1916, he designed plans for dynastic coup.

We know on Stefania Ilinski (1841 - 1920) m. Wladyslaw LASKI = Lasek, banker, in 1870 the President of the International Bank in St. Petersburg. Stefania Ilinska was the daughter of Janusz Ilinski / Jan Ilinski, b. 1785 in Romanow;
the granddaughter of Jozef August Ilinski b. 1760 [the friend of TADEUSZ GRABIANKA !];
the great-granddaughter of Jan Kajetan Benedykt Ilinski, b. 1731.

Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter:
Jozef August Ilinski b. 1760 or in 1766 in Romanow in the Zytomierz county, MP, senator, chamberlain, Polish and Russian general lieutenant and the general inspector in 1792;
a Maltese bachelor in 1797.

Kajetan's GIZYCKI children:
1. Salomea Gizycka m. Dominik Oskierko, born ca 1770, the owner of Krasnopole;
2. Bartlomiej Gizycki, the 2nd, d. 1827 in Moloczki, 1792 adjutant of Jozef Poniatowski, General, married ILLINSKA - the Illuminati family.

Jan Mikolaj Oskierka, 1735-1796 [see the plot of Tadeusz KOSCIUSZKO and PROZOR],
had children:
A.
Rafal Michal Oskierka, 1761-1818 + Maria; he was the official in MOZYRZ, CONSPIRATOR. He was married to Maria Oskierka b. ca 1790,
the granddaughter of Ludwik Gerwazy Oskierka, 1710 - 1770 and Teresa Tyzenhauz;
the great-granddaughter of
SENIOR, Antoni Oskierka, 1670 - 1734 + Zofia Stadnicka-Kolenda,
and Michal Jerzy Tyzenhauz + Anna Barbara Bychowiec.

RAFAL's son -
Jan Oskierka b. 1819 + Julia Oskierka b. ca 1815,
the daughter of Pawel Oskierka, b. ca 1770, the official in RZECZYCA and
the great-great-granddaughter of Antoni Oskierka, 1670-1734 + Anna Grabowska, b. 1692 in Rubiezewicze. Anna was the sister of Stefan Grabowski died in 1756, and of Wiktoria Grabowska m. Faustyn Benedykt Kosciuszko.
Stefan Grabowski had a son Jan Jerzy Grabowski d. 1789, m. in 1769 to Elzbieta Szydlowska, 1748 / 1749 - 1810. Elzbieta of PLOCK, was a mistress and the morganatic wife of the last King of Poland, Stanislaw August Poniatowski [see Cagliostro and Niebuhr].
Wirydianna Fiszer knew her.

B.
Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka,
with the son:
Kajetan Oskierka, b. 1820/1821 + Stefania Julia Radziwill of MIEZONKA, 1825-1896
[Miezonka belonged to the Konstantynowiczs in 1842 - November 1918].

C.
Aniela Oskierka, 1770-1804, married Ignacy Kajetan Prozor, b. ca 1770,
with the son
Maurycy Prozor, 1st senior, 1801 in UK, the TEMPLAR church - 1886 + Anna Chlopicka, b. ca 1810.

Jozef August Ilinski, the Tadeusz Grabianka's supporter, b. 1760 or in 1766 in Romanow in the Zhytomyr / Zytomierz county,
had the sister
Ludwika Ilinska b. ca 1766, married Bartlomiej Gizycki d. 1827, Moloczki,
56 km SW to Zytomierz; General, the nobility Marshal in Volhynia in 1825, the son of Kajetan Gizycki, the grandson of Bartlomiej GIZYCKI, older, b. 1682.

Jozef August Ilinski was owner of the Romanow palace; the palace was surrounded by a manor park, in which there was
a three-meter granite monument in the shape of a pyramid [ILLUMINATI],
dedicated to the memory of General Janusz Ilinski who died in 1792 near Markuszow.
JOZEF ILINSKI born on 18th August 1760 [or 1766], had the daughter Joanna Ilinska b. 1830 or 1834 - d. 1900, Wisbaden;
1st she was married Stanislaw Worcell;
2nd to Edward Keller.
Stanislaw Worcell was the son of Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell. Joanna Ilinska, 1830-1900. Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell b. 1799 in Stepan; the CONSPIRATOR, the son of Stanislaw Grzegorz Worcell b. ca 1760.

Above Stanislaw Gabriel Worcell b. 1799 was the member of the Masonic Lodge. Participant of guerrilla fights in Volhynia. On August 11, 1831, decorated with The Silver Order of Virtuti Militari. In 1831, he was elected a deputy from the Rowno to the insurrectionary parliament. After the November Uprising he emigrated to France and England. First he was in the Polish Democratic Society, was removed in 1835, then he was founder of the Polish People's Group; and the Union of Emigration; he returned to the Polish Democratic Society again.
He was friends with Italian politician Giuseppe Mazzini!
His brother Mikolaj Worcell, imprisoned in 1827.

The Illuminati genealogical net:

Jan Karol Mniszech - Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - Antoni Jablonowski - Jan Franciszek Stadnicki -
Adam Poninski younger + Szoldrski of Wilkowo Polskie -
Marianna Kalinowska married Jozef Kajetan Grabianka - Tadeusz Grabianka married Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826 -
Napoleon Walewski - Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka-BARDZKA -
JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH - Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski -
Ludwika Mniszech (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki -
Jozef Mieczyslaw Ujejski, the Messianic author, ILLUMINATI, b. 1883 - Doctor Gustaw Ujejski and Sylwia Krasicka - Jan Krasicki / Colonel Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki / Jakub Jan Krasicki b. 1785 / 1781 in Kamionka Wielka - SYLWIA PRADZYNSKA, the sister of GENERAL IGNACY PRADZYNSKI - Jakub Krasicki and Kunegunda Ciecierska.

At the beginning Pierre Le Fort / LEFORT in 1749 in Dukla acted together with Jerzy August Mniszech b. 1715.
And
Jean Luc Louis de Toux de SALVERT with Jan Karol Mniszech b. 1716, in Wisniowiec by the Horyn river, in 1742.

A.
Jozef Mniszech (1670 - 1747) was the father of:
Jerzy August Mniszech;
and
JAN KAROL MNISZECH.

Katarzyna Mniszech / Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech / Katarzyna Zamoyska born 1722, married Jan Karol Wandalin Mniszech 1716-1759, General.
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski was the father of above Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech / Katarzyna Zamoyska born 1722. Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, 1679-1735. Michal Zamoyski [b. 1690 ?] acc. to me, was born ca 1679, that is Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, the 6th landlord of ZAMOSC, b. ca 1679 or after 1679, died 1735 in Zamosc, married three times;
the 3rd time to unknown with two daughters born ca 1723 / 1730 {ie. Marianna Zamoyska [Marjanna nee Zamoyska - KIEDRZYNSKA - REMBOWSKA, inf. in 1775]} and the 3rd daughter after 1723.
B.

Antoni Jablonowski was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge Bouclier du Nord in 1818; a member of the Patriotic Society of Walerian Lukasinski. In 1825, Antoni Jablonowski negotiated with the Decembrists. After the fall of the Decembrists' uprising, he was arrested in 1826.
About 1810 Antoni Jablonowski married Paulina Mniszech, the daughter of Michal Jerzy Mniszech.
Count Michal Jerzy Wandalin Mniszech (1742-1806) was the son of FREEMASON, Jan Karol Mniszech 1716-1759 and of Katarzyna Zamoyska, 1722-1771;
and the grandson of
Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski the governor of Smolensk, 1679-1735 and also of the
Lithuanian Marshal and the Crown Marshal, Jozef Antoni Mniszech, 1670 - 1747;
and the great-grandson of
MP, Jerzy Jan Mniszech (d. 1693) - the family of Maryna Mniszech.

Jozef Mniszech b. 1670, m. bef. 1694 to the daughter of Szymon Karol Oginski (1619-1699), ie. Dss Elenora Oginska.

Above JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH had daughter Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski.

Jozef Wandalin Mniszech 2nd married Konstancja Tarlo with 4 children:
Freemason, Jerzy August Mniszech (1715-1778),
Freemason, Jan Karol Mniszech (1716-1759),
Elzbieta Mniszech (d.1746), m. Karol Wielopolski;
and Ludwika (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki.
Jozef POTOCKI was the son of Jozef Stanislaw Potocki, 1673-1751. Jozef Stanislaw Potocki was an enemy of Stanislaw Poniatowski in 1726; the Kiev and Poznan governor; the Cracow governor. Closest to TEODOR POTOCKI.

C.
We back to the branch of Walenty Kalinowski b. ca 1615 + Eufrozyna Bydlowska b. ca 1610
- his son:
Marcin Kalinowski 1640-1738 + Anna Katarzyna Tarnawska / Anna Tarnowska b. ca 1640
with son
Ludwik Kalinowski b. ca 1680 + Zofia Potocka b. ca [not ca 1670, KALINOWSKA - PUZYNA] 1700 + 2nd in 1723 to Elzbieta Poninska b. 1700.

ELZBIETA PONINSKA was the daughter of Adam Poninski, SENIOR, 1680-1732; and
Adam Poninski senior was the grandfather to Adam Poninski younger, the Illuminati - met Cagliostro.

The King PONIATOWSKI, met just before his election, mentioned foreign occultist Toux de Salverte, who was friendly with Moszynski.

Adam Poninski, junior, FREEMASON in 1774 in LWOW, and
in 1777 Adam Poninski, junior, received from J. L. Toux de Salverte a higher initiation in the Warsaw's "Bon Pasteur" with the rank of "bachelor of the East and the Shield".
In 1779 Adam Poninski was affiliated to the "Parfait Sileone" Lodge with the honorary dignity of the "protector".

Jean Luc Louis de Toux de Salvert / SALVERTE acted together with Jan Karol Mniszech (1716 - 1759), in 1742 in WISNIOWIEC by the Horyn river.
De Toux de Salverte stayed for some time in Bavaria [1745-1748], where he organized the Masons lodges, then he went to Poland and settled in Podhorce [RZEWUSKI], at the court of Waclaw Rzewuski.

Ludwik Kalinowski b. ca 1680, had daughters:
1. Marianna Kalinowska b. ca 1720
[not ca 1700 - she was the daughter of named above ZOFIA POTOCKA Kalinowska]
married J. K. GRABIANKA
[Marianna Kalinowska married Jozef Kajetan Grabianka born ca 1710; the official in LATYCZOW in 1740-1744
{Jozef was the son of Bernard Grabianka and Helena Kaminski. Bernard was born in 1680}.
Marianna had a son Tadeusz Grabianka 1740-1807, the ILLUMINATI and
the daughter Tekla Grabianka + Jan Amor Tarnowski, 1735-1799],
2.
Tekla Kalinowska b. ca 1700/1720 married to Antoni Bielski died in 1789;
3. and
Barbara Kalinowska born circa 1725/1727.

Above
Tadeusz Grabianka married Teresa Stadnicka, 1749-1826, the daughter of Stanislaw Stadnicki and Marta Lanckoronski.

Tadeusz Grabianka and Teresa owned Sutkowice, Ostapkowice and Rajkowice / RAJKOWCE at Podole / Podolia [see FELSZTYN !].

Named Stanislaw Stadnicki b. 1710/1720, was the son of Jan Stadnicki and Katarzyna Peplowska - Stadnicka.
Stanislaw was the brother of Franciszek Ksawery Stadnicki.

Above JAN STADNICKI: b. maybe ca 1680/1690, died in 1740, the son of Mikolaj Franciszek Stadnicki. Above MIKOLAJ: b. ca 1660 ?, died in 1714.

D.
Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Wozniki, Swierzyna, Gorzuchow, Lisy, + Natalia Kreska, d. ca 1833, the daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karsnicka.
Napoleon Walewski married Brygida Galecka, daughter of Franciszek GALECKI and Ludwika Poniatowska
(BRYGIDA Galecka, married 2nd to Jan Radolinski; she come from the family of the King Poniatowski - Ludwika nee Poniatowska / Countess Ludwika Maria Poniatowska (1728 - 1781) as "Luds" was the sister of King. Brygida Walewski was born to Franciszek Galecki and Ludwika Galecki born Poniatowska).

Above Ludwika Maria Zamojska nee Poniatowska, 1728 - 1781, was wife of Jan Jakub Zamoyski; and was mother of Urszula Maria Wandalin-Mniszech
[Urszula was the wife of Michal Jerzy Mniszech born 1742, the son of
Jan Karol Mniszech and Katarzyna Wandalin-Mniszech, 1722-1771,
the daughter of Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski]
and was the mother of mentioned Brygida Galecka / Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Galecka {but with a different partner}. Brygida Walewski was born to Franciszek Galecki and Ludwika Galecki born Poniatowska.

E.
Michal Zamoyski [b. 1690 ?] acc. to me, was born ca 1679, that is Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski, the 6th landlord of ZAMOSC, b. ca 1679 or after 1679, died 1735 in Zamosc; he married three times; 3rd time to unknown with two daughters born ca 1723 / 1730 {ie. Marianna Zamoyska [? = Marjanna nee Zamoyska - KIEDRZYNSKA - REMBOWSKA, inf. in 1775]} and the third daughter after 1723.

Above Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski was also the father of
Ludwina Wielhorska;
Tomasz Antoni Zamoyski;
Jan Jakub Zamoyski;
Andrzej Zamoyski, Count;
Helena Potocka;
Teresa Anna Hutten-Czapska, and
Katarzyna Mniszech born 1722, married Jan Karol Mniszech 1716-1759, General, FREEMASON.

F.
PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797.
Petronela was the daughter of Brygida nee Bardzka, 1 voto Walknowska, 2nd married JAKUB Kiedrzynski.
Petronela's sister was Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska m. Arnold, b. 1770, co-owner of Raszkow, together with the widow after death of Izydor Kiedrzynski from JEDLNO - the author's family.

Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka-BARDZKA.
Melchior's brother was Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous
Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.

Mentioned above Jakub Kiedrzynski, junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798, buried in KALISZ, in Church of St. Family. Jakub Kiedrzynski born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798, the owner of ORPISZEWEK = Orpiszew / Orpiszewko, the brother of Izydor Kiedrzynski,
the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski, b. 1715/1720;
the grandson of Jan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1670/1680 close to Czestochowa [Kamyk or Kiedrzyn].

G.
Note to above Jozef Mniszech / Jozef Antoni Mniszech, 1670 - 1747:
Jozef Mniszech m. bef. 1694 to the daughter of Szymon Karol Oginski (1619-1699), ie. Dss Elenora Oginska.
Above JOZEF WANDALIN MNISZECH had daughter Teresa Mniszech (1694-1746) m. 1st Jan Franciszek Stadnicki; 2nd to Jozef Lubomirski.

Jozef Wandalin Mniszech 2nd married Konstancja Tarlo with 4 children:
Freemason, Jerzy August Mniszech (1715-1778),
Freemason, Jan Karol Mniszech (1716-1759),
Elzbieta Mniszech (d.1746), m. Karol Wielopolski;
and Ludwika (1712-1785), m. in 1732 Jozef Potocki.

Above Jan Karol Mniszech had a son
Jozef Jan Tadeusz Wandalin Mniszech (b. 1742 - 1797), General major, the Sanok official, the Austrian Count in 1783;
and the graddaughter
Julia Teresa Krasicka nee Mniszech b. 1777 in Laszki Murowane, d. 1845, Css, the owner of Lesko and Sobien by the San river.
Sobien was the property of the Mniszech family until 1803, and the Stadnickis in 1580-1713, as dowry of Teresa Stadnicka to her husband Jozef Kanty Ossolinski; and in 1803-1939 the Krasickis.

Julia Mniszech married in 1799 in Lwow to Count Franciszek Ksawery Krasicki (1774-1844), the insurgent. She assisted her husband in the fight for the liberation of Poland.
Her sons: Edmund Konrad Ignacy Krasicki b. 1808, and Ksawery Krasicki.

Laszki Murowane / Murowane, 4 km south-west to Skeliwka = FELSZTYN of Tadeusz GRABIANKA!
Near to Stary Sambor.
Julia Teresa Wandalin-Mniszech, b. 1777 in Laszki Murowane, m. Ksawery Franciszek Krasicki, b. in Ksawerow in 1774 - d. in Posada Leska in 1844.
Laszki Murowane belonged to the Mniszechs until 1815; then Edward Zerboni de Spoletti bought it from Stanislaw Mniszech, next to Marceli Bogdanowicz, and in 1861 Michal Krasicki.
Ksawery Franciszek Krasicki b. 1774, General, insurgent in 1794; in Sanok in 1809, fought against Austrians; insurgent in 1831, the owner of Lesko.
The son of Antoni Krasicki b. 1736, Wielicko, and Rozalia Charczewska;
the grandson of
Jan Wincenty Krasicki b. 1704. Named Jan was the brother of mentioned below Wincenty Franciszek Krasicki, 1709-1752.

Ksawery's son - Edmund Krasicki + Aniela Brzostowski.

H.
Jozef Mieczyslaw Ujejski, the Messianic author, ILLUMINATI, b. in Tarnow in 1883, d. 1937; was the son of Doctor Gustaw Ujejski and Sylwia Krasicka

[SYLWIA KRASICKA UJEJSKA - the daughter of Jozef Boleslaw Krasicki b. 1834,
and the granddaughter of
Colonel Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki / Jakub Jan Krasicki b. 1785 / 1781 in Kamionka Wielka {see Illuminati and STADNICKI} close to Nowy Sacz, in Galicia; the owner of MALCZEWO close to GNIEZNO and he was living in Malczewo / Malczew in 1814-1831 {the family was buried in NIECHANOWO}, 1832 jailed in Prussia,
married SYLWIA PRADZYNSKA, the sister of GENERAL IGNACY PRADZYNSKI - see Wola Wiazowa + Pradzynski + Kiedrzynski -
Jakub Jan KRASICKI was the son of Jakub Krasicki and Kunegunda Ciecierska].

Above Jakub KRASICKI married Kunegunda Ciecierska. Jakub Krasicki b. ca 1745/1750. His son Colonel Jan Krasicki (1785-1848) married Sylwia Pradzynski.
Jan Krasicki was the friend of Ignacy Pradzynski. Ignacy Pradzynski and his wife Emilia, wrote many letters to his parents, and to Wincenty Jozef; and to sister Sylwia Pradzynska and her husband Jan Krasicki.

Jan Krasicki = Jakub Jan Karol Krasicki b. 1785, and not in 1781, but in Kamionka / Kamionka Wielka.
His father JAKUB KRASICKI confirmed nobility in 1795 in Lwow.
JAKUB Krasicki b. ca 1745/1750, was the manager of the Laszki Murowane in 1791.
In this year Wiktor Aleksander Krasicki was born, to Kunegunda Ciecierska Krasicki + Jakub Krasicki.
Laszki Murowane is situated close to FELSZTYN [the Illuminati center of Grabianka - Kalinowski - Stadnicki].

Jakub's [b. ca 1745/1750] father - Count Jan Krasicki, b. 1726 / 1728, m. Marianna Malachowska b. ca 1730.
The grandfather was above named Wincenty Franciszek Krasicki, 1709-1752.
The great-grandfather - Karol Krasicki + Eleonora Rzewuska.

Too much in the military - political - intelligence structure is discussed below, is Irish and Scots. It used
French families located in Switzerland, Ceylon, France, Russia. Scottish and Irish families combined to Naples and Marseille, Ceylon, Odessa and Japan;
Russians, English and Pilsudski entered by Japan to Ceylon; parallel from Odessa the Zionist movement came out founding a base of the state of Israel. Odessa has paired their to Berezino, Ireland - Japan - Ceylon.

And the whole system took over the movement of Germans from Estonia, and underground combat movement of Pilsudski, combining the objectives of the independence of these two states: Poland / Lithuania / Belarus + Estonia / Latvia, and as I wrote above Israel.
Then they created a counterintelligence and intelligence of new Bolshevik Russia and the USSR. It already was a masterpiece, but totally wrecked by Stalin in 1937 - have to say that in this case, Stalin was a genius.

At the end part of that intelligence system of Soviet Union took over the colony by building its so-called People's Polish Republic and the Ministry of Defence, through affinitized of the Konstantynowiczs: the Jaroszewicz, Spychalski, Zarako Zarakowski families and friendly Swierczewski family. Interesting in all of this is the use of Frenchmen to the creation of this system, most moved on the Konstantynowiczs - not so completely. This is the connection: Waclaw Sieroszewski a colleague of Azbelev, who was in Nagasaki - his brother is a director of the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz; so, the Nobel family with Sydney Reilly, an Irishman and a Jew from Odessa - this is the same family of Nobel, where the brother of above-mentioned was the head of the board of the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - this is short way to the Swedish Enigma! Waclaw Sieroszewski of course was mate to a brother of Jozef Pilsudski - Bronislaw, which of course anchored in Nagasaki, and then here sailed Reilly. One very interesting figure - erased from history: Nikolay Russel / N. K. Sudzilovskiy / Sudzilowski from the Mscislaw district.

The Swierczewski family was near socially associated with us, for instance in the sixtieth of the 20th century.
Among relatives and next of kins of our Konstantynowicz 'Mscislau' branch appeared the Zarako Zarakowski family in the second half of 19th cent. and in the 20th cent.;
the Spychalski family from Lodz was related to kinsmen of our lineage at the turn of the 20th century and in the middle of the 20th cent.;
the Jaroszewicz family had connection to our line in the middle of the 20th cent.

Some Generals, Prime Minister, the Head of State and one marshal of the communistic Poland - creators of the Soviet transitory administration 1943 / 1990 - derived from these families. Relatives of our Konstantynowicz branch kept in touch with Jozef Pilsudski, Michal Zymierski and Wladyslaw Sikorski at the moment in the first half of the 20th century - marshals and General with different political views.

It wonder that three Marshals and General - military prosecutor died with natural death but three remaining Generals died with tragic death.
The Jaroszewicz marriage was murdered by former Secret Service and the Soviet KGB officers, acc. to 'nowahistoria'. Jaroszewicz was supposed to suggest that Charles / Karol Swierczewski 'Walter' betrayed him in 1947, the secret disclosed by the Soviet General, concerning the replacement of the Polish communist leaders by Soviet agents-look-alikes.
About a backstage of murder of the Jaroszewicz couple writes in book 'Famous couples PRL', Slawomir Koper, ed. by 'Red and Black', at website 'wiadomosci-wp' on 11 February 2014.
"...Jaroszewicz apparently had financial problems, but saved a sell-numismatists, which Peter has accumulated during his long career. ... journalist Bohdan Rolinski published two interviews with former Prime Minister. ... indicated that Jaroszewicz spoke with Karol Swierczewski, who told him that the Russians used the 'method of matrioszka', of substituting Polish communist by Soviet agents - look-alikes. Jaroszewicz and Swierczewski have identified several 'matrioszka', including Jozef Swiatlo and Boleslaw Bierut.
Jaroszewicz suggested that the death of Swierczewski could be related to this knowledge. ... Even more sensational hypothesis has a journalist of the weekly Angora, Leszek Szymowski, who stated that the reason for the murder was the Jaroszewicz archive, which contained a copy of the documents incriminating Wojciech Jaruzelski, Czeslaw Kiszczak and other politicians 80s. This crime was part of a broader plan to eliminate all that could stopped the conduct of political transformation, directed by generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski.
Weekly 'Wprost' published information suggesting that the death of Jaroszewicz has connected with the secret wartime archives of the Reich Security Office, which at the end of World War II went to the baroque palace in Radomierzyce near Zgorzelec. ... among others Gestapo informers lists, documents relating to French collaboration with the Third Reich ... In 1945, Colonel Piotr Jaroszewicz and several other officers had some explosive packages of securities before the archives were transferred to the USSR. ...
Tadeusz Stec was killed in his own home at the hands of unknown assailants just a few months after Peter. Before his death, he was tortured...
Jerzy Fonkowicz was assassinated in 1997. In 2007, the theory that the murder was related to the Jaroszewicz Nazi archive has placed the Criminal Intelligence Bureau of the Police Headquarters (in Poland). ... ignored the testimony of the witness (who said he saw one woman and two men the morning on September 1 came out of the house).

At the end of 2005, analysts Archive X (section dealing with the explanation of complex criminal cases) found that from the register of the murder of Jaroszewicz lost key evidence, that is, the three bags with traces of unidentified fingerprints. The prints were found at the glasses of Jaroszewicz and cabinet doors located in his office...

Biography of Jaroszewicz overgrown in many myths. The future prime minister was born in 1909 in Nieswiez ... ... In August 1943 he was still Private, but after several months already a colonel, and after a further eight (after the war) general! Even Napoleon Bonaparte promoted from lieutenant to general took a little more time...".

Generals of communistic People Polish Army:
Karol Swierczewski, Piotr Jaroszewicz and Marian Spychalski (later on the Marshal) in the fourties of the 20th century were deputies of Michal Zymierski - Marshal and communistic Minister of Defense.

The genealogy of my Mscislau "inlet" of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century and after when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo but especial at the turn of the 20th century
[with Irish-Scottish clans and the Holynskis in the 18th century. With the Templars - Prozor, Oskierka - from the beginning of the 19th century. The Illuminati Order in the 19th cent. - Romanow in Ukraine and Ilinski with Tadeusz Grabianka. The Freemasonry close to the family of Kiedrzynski: Wilkowo Polskie near to Koscian - Chocen close to Wloclawek. Polish conspirators, ca 1790 - 1990].
It was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.

This connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?

The chief of Clan Erskine, John Erskine, 22nd Earl of Mar [acc. to me John was the 23rd Earl {John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)}]
had traveled to London in 1714 expecting the post of Secretary of State of Scotland. However he was not given the job and as a result he became a Jacobite. John Erskine, the Earl of Mar then fled Scotland to Saint-Germain in France, whereupon he betrayed his Jacobite associates.

"Robert Erskine (1677-1718) was an advisor to Tsar Peter the Great. He became one of the Tsar's most powerful advisors. He is the first cousin of John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675-1732)".
Robert Erskine in 1716, was designated to privy councillor by the Tsar of Russia, Peter the Great. Robert Erskine was a part of masonic network of Scottish Jacobites that influenced the Russian court.
Robert Erskine born 1677 in Alva, in the Clackmannanshire, Scotland, died 1718 in Olonets, Karelia, in Russia.
The son of Sir Charles Erskine 1st Baronet of Alva and Christian Dundas.
Above Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet (1643 - 1690), of Alva, Fife, was sat in the Scottish Conventions in 1665 and 1667. Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet b. 1643,
was the son of
Sir Charles Erskine of Alva b. 1611, and Mary Hope;
and the grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, b. 1556 in Stirling;
and the great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar, b. 1510/1520 in Erskine. John Erskine, Earl of Mar (born ca 1510/1520, died 1572), the 18th earl (in the 1st creation) or the 1st earl; the regent of Scotland, was a son of
John ERSKINE, 5th Lord Erskine [his father as 6th Lord Erskine died maybe in 1552 or 1551], who was guardian of King James V and afterwards of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Above John Erskine, Earl of Mar, born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND. He died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle. He was the Scottish Jacobite,
was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), ie. Charles, Earl of Mar, b. 1650, d. 1689, who was regarded as both the 22nd earl (in the 1st creation) and the 5th earl (in the 7th).
Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Above Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie, married James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas.
Above John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605, was the son of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The grandson of Sir John Erskine, the 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond.
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

Named James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas was first married in 1670 to the Lady Barbara Erskine.
James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas b. ca 1646,
was the son of
Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, and Lady Anne Stuart.
James, second marquis of Douglas, born in 1646, succeeded his grandfather in 1660, and was a privy councillor to Kings Charles II and James VII.
James II and VII b. 1633, was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII.
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales b. 1688, nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of mentioned the King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
In 1719, James Francis Edward Stuart married to Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702-1735), the daughter of Jakub Sobieski, the granddaughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland.

Mentioned Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and 1st Earl of Ormonde, married Lady Anne Stuart. Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, 1st Earl of Ormond, b. 1609 in Drumlanrig, died in 1655 in Edinburgh.
The son of William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas, ie. William Douglas, the 1st Marquess of Douglas, b. ca 1589 in Huntly, d. 1660 in Douglas.

The grandson of William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Elizabeth Oliphant. Mentioned William Douglas, b. 1552 in Huntly - d. 1611 in Paris.

The great-grandson of William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia. Above named William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus / 9th Lord Earl of Douglas, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie, d. 1591 in Glenbervie, Aberdeenshire.

The great-great-grandson of Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes Douglas, Countess.

Note to mentioned above
William Douglas, the 1st Marquis of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589-1660) was the eldest son of William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Countess Elizabeth Oliphant, the eldest daughter of Laurence Oliphant, 4th Lord Oliphant.
His younger brothers were James Douglas, 1st Lord Mordington and Lord Francis Douglas.
His sons by his first wife were
1. Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, who was created Earl of Ormond,
and 2. Lord James Douglas.
With the 2nd wife:
1. William, created Earl of Selkirk and later Duke of Hamilton for life,
and 2. George, created Earl of Dumbarton.

The 1st Marquess of Douglas was succeeded in his titles by his grandson, above named James Douglas, the son of mentioned above Archibald DOUGLAS.

The 1st Marquess of Douglas, b. ca 1589 in Huntly [Tantallon Castle], was the son of
William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus and Elizabeth Oliphant. William Douglas b. 1552 in Huntly, d. 1611 in Paris.

The grandson of William Douglas, Earl of Angus and Egidia, ie. William Douglas, 9th Earl of Angus, b. ca 1532 in Glenbervie,
and the great-grandson of
Sir Archibald Douglas of Glenbervie and Agnes.

In 1739 - 1740, James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, was the Grand Master of England in 1741. In 1746 he visited France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille, as a Jacobite.
His son was Colonel Sholto Charles Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, b. ca 1732;
and the grandson was
George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton, b. 1761, served as vice-president of the Royal Society of London occasionally from 1795-1819. Lord Morton was a Scottish Freemason. He was Initiated in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, on 30 November 1789.
He was elected as Grand Master Mason of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1790
[in 1788-1790, Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier; in 1790-1792, George Douglas, 16th Earl of Morton. In 1792-1794: George Gordon, Marquess of Huntly. 1796-1798, Francis Stuart, Lord Doune, 10th Earl of Moray. In 1798-1800, Sir James Stirling, 1st Bt., Lord Provost of Edinburgh. In 1806-1820, The Prince of Wales, King George IV].
He was succeeded in the earldom by his first cousin, George Sholto Douglas.
George Sholto Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton, b. 1789, known as George Douglas until 1827, was a Scottish Tory politician. Douglas was the son of
the Hon. John Douglas, the second son of James Douglas, the 14th Earl of Morton.
George Sholto had a son the Hon. George Henry Douglas, the Admiral of the Royal Navy.
The Hon. George Henry Douglas-Pennant was born in Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom in 1876, the second son of George Sholto Gordon.

James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, b. 1702/1703, was a Scottish astronomer, President of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.
Son of Sir George Douglas, 13th Earl of Morton, b. 1662.
The grandson of
James Thomas Douglas, 10th Earl of Morton, b. after 1605 in Morton.
The great-grandson of William Douglas, b. 1582 in the Dalkeith Castle.

The great-great-grandson of Earl Robert Douglas, I, b. 1562 in Rothesay.
The great-great-great-grandson of
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton, b. 1540 in Loch Leven Castle,
as the son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven. Named Robert Douglas b. 1505 in Kilmarnock, d. 1547 in Inveresk.

The Grand Lodge of Russia:

in 1731, when the Grand Lodge of England appointed a Captain John Phillips as Provincial Grand Master of Russia and Germany, masonry in Russia was mainly the preserve of foreign residents;
in 1741 a Scots Jacobite, James Keith (1696-1758), who fought in the Russian and Prussian service, was Master under the English system;
at St. Petersburg in 1771;
in 1772 the first native Provincial Grand Master, Ivan Yelagin (1725 - 1794), secretary to Catherine the Great.
Novikov was imprisoned in 1792, and by 1794 all lodges were forced to close. The Grand Lodge Astrea, founded at St. Petersburg in 1815.

Above James Francis Edward Keith b. 1696, a Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal, a Jacobite, was born at Inverugie Castle near Peterhead - north of Aberdeen in eastern Scotland,
the second son of
William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland [= Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal], who b. ca 1664, and was also a Jacobite politician of Scotland.
WILLIAM's parents were the army officer
George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal (born ca 1614, d. 1694 = 7th Lord Keith, the 7th Earl Marischal, Privy Counsellor) [= George Keith, 7th Earl Marischal] and the courtier Lady Mary Hay, the daughter of the 2nd Earl of Kinnoull - 2 km east of Perth.
William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland
[Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, also known as "9th Earl Marischal", "8th Earl of Marischal", "KT"]
b. ca 1664, married Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729

[her brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND,
the father of
1. James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth born in 1713 in the Drummond Castle;
and of 2.
John Drummond, 4th Duke of Perth born in 1714 in FRANCE],

the daughter of James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, SENIOR

[4th Earl of Perth, Sir James Drummond b. 1648, died in France, Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1716 - he was the son of
James Drummond, 3rd Earl of Perth b. ca 1615, died 1675;
the grandson of John Drummond born ca 1584 - more below !],

born in 1648, and his first wife, Lady Jane Douglas

(died in 1676 or 1678 - the daughter of
William Douglas, 1st Marquis of Douglas and Mary Gordon)

[compare:
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795,
the daughter of
James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739

(his father
George Drummond, 5th of Blair, 1st of Blair-Drummond, b. 29 Nov 1638, in Blair, Stormount, Perthshire, Scotland, died in 1717;
grandfather was George Drummond, 4th Laird of Blair;
great-grandfather was George Drummond, 2nd Laird of Blair),

and Jean Carre born in 1681.

Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the wife of Henry Home, Lord Kames.
Agatha Drummond, 1711 - 1795, was the daughter of James Drummond, Laird of Blair-Drummond born in 1673, died in 1739].

Note to Lord KAMES:

Lord Kames - the owner of Blair Drummond, a small rural community, 5 miles north-west of the city of Stirling in the Stirling district of Scotland; it is within the Perthshire. Close to Kippen; Doune; Nyadd; Deanston; Thornhill.

The Carse of Stirling
- in 1766, Agatha Drummond inherited the ancestral estate of Blair Drummond on the north side of the Carse (about five miles from Stirling). Agatha was married to the eccentric, Henry Home, Lord Kames, a judge of the Court of Session.
"... He was over 70 when he and his wife took up residence at Blair Drummond. They found that over 1500 acres of the soaking moss lay within the inherited estate and he turned his undoubted intellect towards the problem of draining it. In 1768, the first tenant was settled on the Low Moss, nearest to Blair Drummond, and by 1774 another eleven were established".
The resident of Blairdrummond House was enlightenment thinker Lord Kames whose wife inherited the house in 1766.
"... Lord Kames began the transformation of the carse area of Blair Drummond; turning it from an often water-laden moss into productive agricultural land...".

Benjamin FRANKLIN in 1757, "was sent to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a colonial agent to protest against the political influence of the Penn family, the proprietors of the colony. He remained there for five years. In London, Franklin opposed the 1765 Stamp Act. Unable to prevent its passage, he made another political miscalculation and recommended a friend to the post of stamp distributor for Pennsylvania".
With this, Franklin suddenly emerged as the leading spokesman for American interests in England.
"During his stays there, he developed a close friendship with his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her circle of friends ... house, which he used on various lengthy missions from 1757 to 1775 ...".
He belonged to a gentleman's club, which included members such as Richard Price, the minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church who ignited the Revolution Controversy, and Andrew Kippis.
In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] at Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh.
In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.

Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Luneburg Lieutenant General. Emmerich Otto August von Estorff took part in the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759. Estorff was sent with the victory message to London in AUGUST 1759 [Wilhelmshaven 04th August ?; London on 08th August 1759 ? - in the 18th century journeys of ships from London took approximately 100-150 miles per day on average - or about 100 to 140 miles per day], where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 10, 1759 by King George II.

Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771. He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames.
There is mention of passing en route the Forth and Clyde Canal then under construction; Franklin and Marchant stayed at Blair-Drummond, in part held up by bad weather, until 16 November.
At Glasgow, the travellers again visited the University; back to Edinburgh on 17 November. Dr Franklin dined with Lord Kames and with Adam Ferguson, leaving Edinburgh on Thursday 21st, taking two full days to reach Carlisle;
visit to Sir Alexander Dick.
In 1775 FRANKLIN returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States.

Jean Home born ca. 1745 / Jean Heron, the daughter of Henry Home, Lord Kames and Agatha Drummond. Married (1761) to Patrick Heron; divorced in 1772; she was exiled to France by her parents; In 1782, Boswell had a long conversation with Lady Kames about Jean.
JEAN was sent to France accompanied by a teacher of french, Alexander Drummond who was going there with a daughter.
James Boswell had affair with Jean in 1761 - 1762 at Kirroughtrie.
Above PATRICK HERON:
born ca. 1736, died 1803. Patrick Heron of Heron and Kirroughtrie, was the son of Patrick Heron (d. 1761) and Margaret, daughter of John Mackie of Palgoun.
Married (1761) to Jean Home, daughter of Henry Home, Lord Kames.
They divorced in 1772 following Jean's adulterous affair with a young officer.
Re-married (1775) to Elizabeth Cochrane (1745-1811), a cousin of James Boswell.

Elizabeth Cochrane (1745-1811), the daughter of the 8th Earl of Dundonald.
She married Patrick Heron.
She was the composer of an air, 'The Banks of Cree'.

Above 8th Earl of Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 1691 - 1778, was a Scottish nobleman, army officer and politician. He was Member of Parliament for Renfrewshire.
His cousin, William Cochrane, 7th Earl.
Thomas was born in 1691, the seventh son of
William Cochrane of Ochiltree, and his wife Lady Mary Bruce,
the eldest daughter of Alexander Bruce, 2nd Earl of Kincardine.

David Hume / David Home, b. 1711.

Lord Kames near Stirling - Henry Home, Lord Kames; 1696 - 1782, a Scottish judge and writer;
"... a central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, a founder member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and active in the Select Society, his proteges included David Hume, Adam Smith, and James Boswell".

Sir William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, also known as "9th Earl Marischal", "8th Earl of Marischal", "KT", b. ca 1664, married Mary Drummond / MARIE DRUMMOND, born ca 1670 in PERTH, d. 1729.
Mary's brother was James Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth, born 1673, in DRUMMOND.

Above John Drummond, b. ca 1584 in Crawford, d. 1662.
The son of Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond and Elizabeth Lindsay. Patrick Drummond b. ca 1550 in Crawford, d. 1611 in Crawford,
was the son of
David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond.

Above David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571 in Stobhall.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, Master of Drummond and
Elizabeth Graham of Montrose.
David was the brother of 1. Walter Drummond, and 2. the branch of Perth.

Above Anna Drummond married Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.
Anne Drummond b. ca 1566 in Crawford, was the daughter of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond and Lilias. David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond, b. ca 1515 in Machany, close to Perth, d. 1571.
David was the son of Walter Drummond, the Master of Drummond and Elizabeth Graham of Montrose. David was the father of Jean Drummond; Patrick Drummond, 3rd Lord Drummond; and James Drummond, 1st Baron Maderty.

Charles Erskine [Charles had a sister Lady Barbara Erskine, the daughter of John Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar and Jean Mackenzie]
was the son of
John Erskine, 21st / 4th Earl of Mar, b. 1605,
and the grandson of
John Erskine, 20th Earl of Mar, b. 1585.
The great-grandson of
Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar and Anne Drummond. Sir John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, was born in 1556 in Stirling.

It's amazing that the October Revolution in 1917, which swept the Russian Empire, allowing the reconstruction of Poland, broke out just on the anniversary of the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, exactly the 100th anniversary of his death, and around Lenin appeared figures of the Polish nobility, which adopted a sense of the Kosciuszko Polish patriotism.

"Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kosciuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east".

On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.

The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities. This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland.

Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state.

Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

Jozef Piłsudski, Walery Sławek, Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz were 'collaborators' of military intelligence service of Austria - Hungary, with nickname "Stefan" since 1908; co-operated Aleksander Prystor, Gen. Bolesław Roja, Jozef Beck, Gen. Edward Rydz- Śmigły, and Gen. Kordian Zamorski. Pilsudski in 1904 collaborated with Japan intelligence; Captain Joseph Rybak took care on Pilsudski, placing a group of agents in paramilitary organizations in Galicia, described as "The Informer R". Jozef Pilsudski was dismissed from the Austrian army in September 1916. Brigadier General Wlodzimierz Zagorski was born in 1882 in France. He grew up with his brother in Germany. In 1900 joined the Austrian army. Eleven years later, he began to work for "K-Stelle", 1914, as a captain, he was Chief of Staff Headquarters of the Legions. Formally, was the head of Jozef Pilsudski, who gave him the reports. Cooperation was not the best. When the Japanese-Russian war broke in 1904, Pilsudski decided to use the conflict for the Polish cause, get technical and material help for Polish irredentist aspirations. Japanese will give us the money to buy weapons and facilitate its reception in Hamburg, and we will collect them messages about the movements of the Russian troops sent to the East. These relations were surrounded by the biggest mystery. Only Pilsudski, Jodko, Filipowicz and Stanislaw Wojciechowski knew of them over one and a half year (April 1904 - October 1905).

Pilsudski had its plans to create in Galicia conditions for the military training of volunteers in the event of war between the aggressors and would create Polish troops fighting against Russia and would become the reborn Polish Army personnel.

In 1908 in Lviv, Cpt. Gustav Iszkowski teamed up with the Pilsudski movement. Probably by the end of 1908 Pilsudski spoke with the chief of the Intelligence Census Bureau, Maximilian Ronge. Then probably come to an agreement to organize the grid intelligence and sabotage against Russia in exchange for allowing the activities of the independence movement. In March, 1909 representatives of the Census Bureaus conferring with Pilsudski, Jodko and Slawek in Vienna. The project is called intelligence operation Informer R, directed the same Ronge - hidden it even from his own intelligence apparatus. The management of the organization called The Informer R were Jozef Pilsudski, Valery Slawek responsible for ongoing contacts with the representative of the interview, Captain Joseph Rybak; and Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz. By the end of 1912 Pilsudski organization might only auxiliary information.

Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1864 in Słuck, d. 1924 in Warsaw, nickname A. Wroński, Jowisz, diplomat; his parents: Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1834 - d. 1898 (probably son of Onufry) and Maria Sokołow - Skwarcew b. ca 1842. His father was ophthalmologist. Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz member of the Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat since 1889, and Polish Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat / as II Proletariat, or Small Proletariat established in February 1888 and operated for March 1893. From January to July 1885 he studied medicine at the University of Dorpat / Tartu, Estonia; he came to Warsaw, then in September 1885 he went to Lviv, expelled from Austria, 1886, he studied in Wurzburg, and then in Paris, graduated in 1889; London next; collaborator of the Centralization Social-Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat. In 1892 co-founder of the Polish Socialist Party.
Jodko-Narkiewicz counted on the war between the aggressors and on an armed uprising against Russia.
Above
Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, born on 23 Dec. 1834 in Pukow in the Ihumen district,
died 1898 - Bobownia; Onufry Jodko - Narkiewicz was living in Pukow. Pukau / Pukowo / Pukow, at present: Komsomolskaja, a few km west of Sunaje and Kisiele;
north-west of Truchanowicze and Gresk, Anufrovichi and Anufri, north of Kondratowicze; south-west of Marina Gorka. In 1870, to the Минская губерния, the Игуменский уезд, in the Пуковская волость; Pukowo / Пуков is situated south-east of Tatury / now Charitonowka, and Kutschinka, east of Starica, Sloboda, Dumitshi; north-east of Kopyl. North of Sluck.
Janina Wiktoria Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1869
in Warsaw / Warszawa, was daughter of Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz from Pukow.

The Polish well-off proprietors in the Ihumen (Cerven) district in the second half of 19th cent. was the Jodko family in landed properties Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo and Onufrowo / Anufri.
Gardening in estates of the Ihumen district: Kuchcice, Tolkaczewicze, Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo, Cieplen, Smilowicze and Rawanicze.
In Pukow is a church, in the 16th cent. to the Puk / Пук family; 17th cent. to Olelkovich / Олельковичь and Radzivill / Радзивилл family; at the beginning of the 18th century to the Neuburg / Нойбург family from German taken from Boguslaw Radziwill / Богуслав Радзивилл, because his daughter Людвика Каролина / Ludwika Karolina Radziwill married to Karl Filipp Neuburg / Karl III Philipp von der Pfalz / Carl Philipp, b. 1661 in Neuburg; that is he married on August 10, 1688 in Berlin to Princess
Ludwika Karolina Charlotte Radziwill of Birze, daughter of Bogusław Radziwill, from this marriage four children were born: Leopoldine Eleonore Josephine, Maria Anna, Elisabeth Auguste Sophie m. Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach.
At Пуково / Pukowo in 1731 wielded the earth Franciszek Drucki-Lubecki / Франтишек Друцкий- Любецкий. In 1744 again to the Radziwill family, but at the beginning of the 19th cent. Dominik Radziwill / Доминик Радзивилл lost Pukowo, now Pukowo and Bobownia to the Narkiewicz - Jodko / Наркевич-Иодко;
in 1846 to Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz / Томаш Наркевич-Иодко, Catholic. 1857 new church; close to Пуково (now Komsomolskaja) is Кондратовичи and here in 1862 was the second church;
Ksawery / Ксаверий was son of above named Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, and he bought from Wojnillowicz / Войниллович the Lopuchi estate / Лопухи, 3 km of Pukowo / Пуково; a father of Edward Wojnillowicz / Эдвард Войниллович - Adam was proprietor of above Lopuchi.
Estate of "Оттоново" to Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Онуфри Наркевич-Иодко;
Jakub Jodko-Narkiewicz / Якуб Наркевич-Иодко has the Nadnieman / Наднеман estate;
Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Наркевич- Иодко has son Otton Jodko-Narkiewicz, in 1840 owner of 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm of Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina 1848.

Jodko-Narkiewicz owner of the 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina in 1848. Наднёман was property of

Jakob Jodko - Narkiewicz son of Otton Jodko - Narkiewicz, biologist, meteorologist, physicist and electrician, lived 1848 - 1905;

next owner Konrad Jodko - Narkiewicz, son of Jakob, in 1921 moved to Cracow;

next of kin Kristian Narkiewicz - Lein is living now in Chicago.

Наднёман is located north of Kopyl, near by Piasocznaje, south-west-south of Uzda, and north-west of Pukowo. Ханичево / Атонава / Калінаўка or Оттоново / Ханічава is located north-west of Pukowo, south of above Наднёман, near by Piasocznaje.

Above mentioned Jodko-Narkiewicz in Pukowo ca 80 km west of Osipovichi and north of Sluck. See near by:

1. Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666;

2. Michal Zbieranowski born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904;

3. Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrowek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Sluck! His mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749; grandfather: Florian Stanislaw Bulhak.

Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966, had son Antoni Bułhak b. 1898.
His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and
Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873.
She was daughter of Jozef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Jozef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.
The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895.
Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.
Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895, his brother Antoni Bułhak born 1898;
Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski and husband of Wanda Kadenacy, niece Marshal (mistake!?).
After the invasion of the Germans in Poland in September 1939, he was taken from Warsaw to its assets in the Suwalki region:
Pilsudski wife - Alexandra / Aleksandra Szczerbinska and her daughters, her sister and their cousin Anna.
Jozef Klemens Pilsudski + Aleksandra Szczerbinska has daughter Jadwiga Jagoda Pilsudska married to Andrzej Jaraczewski
(Andrzej Jaraczewski / Andrzej Antoni Jaraczewski, nickname Andrew, b. 1916, d. 1992, a Polish Navy lieutenant, the Zaremba coat of arms. In 1944 he married Jadwiga Piłsudska, an Air Transport Auxiliary pilot and daughter of Marshal Jozef Piłsudski.
They had a son, Christopher Joseph / Krzysztof Jozef, and daughter, Jane Mary / Joanna Maria, who married Janusz Onyszkiewicz);
they had daughter Joanna Jaraczewska / Jane Mary / Joanna Maria, married to Janusz Onyszkiewicz / Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz born 1937.
Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow m. 1st to NN 1933-1967, and m. 2nd Joanna Jaraczewska b. 1950.
Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Jozef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (1845 - 1918), her daughter
Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake!?), the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski.
We need check this genealogy!
Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898;
married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of
Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska.
The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.
So, we are thinking, Antoni Jerzy Bułhak / Antoni Bulhak, the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, had wife Wanda nee Juchniewicz.

Above mentioned Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow / Lviv; a Polish mathematician and politician. 2007 until 2009, he served as the Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the European Parliament. Minister of Defence under Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka, and again from 1997 until 2000 under Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek. 1984 - 1986 member of the Warsaw University Senat; his parents:
Stanisław Onyszkiewicz and Franciszka Cencora b. ca 1910;
he was older child;
we know on Karol Mościcki + Maria with Franciszka vel Maria Mościcka + Onyszkiewicz with children: Jerzy Onyszkiewicz d. 1939 in Zamość and Maria Onyszkiewicz + Handzel.
Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz was born Dec. 1937 in Lwow m. NN 1933-1967, and m. 2nd Joanna Jaraczewska b. 1950, with Danuta, Wanda, Witosława, Andrzej, and Stanisław Onyszkiewicz.
Above named Stanisław Onyszkiewicz, born 1910 and Franciszka Cencora had one child?
But Stanisław Onyszkiewicz, 1906 - March 1989, was born to Tomasz Onyszkiewicz and Katarzyna Mucha. Stanisław had one brother Kazimierz Onyszkiewicz. Stanisław married Franciszka Cencora in 1936, at age 30. He had 2 children: daughter married to Bogobowicz.
We know on Tadeusz Stanisław Onyszkiewicz b. 28 Apr. 1906 in Lwow, d. 21 Nov. 1989 in Zamośc, doctor, son of Stanisław Onyszkiewicz and Agata Keller. 1946 in Zamośc. He had older brother Edwarda and sister Jadwiga, He had children: Tomasz (Lublin then) and Jerzy (Warsaw then) b. 1940, and Andrzej b. 1941.

4. Zofia Bulhak daughter of Hipolit Bulhak / Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесницы / Колесничи of the Копыльски р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937.

5. The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинови ч Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county.

6. The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk.

7. 1867-1913 I. Bulhak (?) or Bulgak purchased (1861) from Lipovskii, villages Kamionka or Matseevich; Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.

8. Hieronim Bulhak son of Stanislaw Bulhak / Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and ca 26 km west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937.

9. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи - 15 km west of Bobruisk; south-east of Osipovichi (I check my mistake), close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933.

10. Bulhak family in 1870 in the Minsk government, Sluck district, the Lanska area - Kosmowicze; Kosmowicze / Kosmowiczi - close to Pukielevshcina, Bychovshcina, Tshanovici, north of Kleck, south of Niezviz / Nieswiez, near by Osmolowo, Lan, Leonowiczi.

11. Konstantynowicz, Wiesielowo / Veselovo village in the Osipovichi district, Mogilev region;

12. Konstantynowicz in 1894, Spustik village, the Igumen County; Byelorussian, individual farmer, lived in the Osipovichi district, Yasenovka / Jasieniowka;

13. Szymon Bułhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrowka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodworek, Osipowszczyzna, Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze close to Kleck, Połoneczka by Dzwieja. Mikołaj Bułhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bułhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak ca 1695 - 1745?

14. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski
(of Bulhak in 1867-1913); the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family)
from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.

The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela.

Some quotes from studies on James Jesus Angleton (1917 - 1987):

James Jesus Angleton (1917 - 1987) was chief of CIA Counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975.
Angleton grew up mostly in Italy, where his father owned the National Cash Register subsidiary. He attended an English preparatory school before entering Yale in 1937. He entered Harvard Law School and then joined the Army in 1943.
Angleton was recruited into the Office of Strategic Services and first worked in the super-secret X-2 counterintelligence branch in London. In 1954, he became the head of the new Counterintelligence Staff.
"Among Mr. Petty's concerns was
Angleton's once-close relationship with Kim Philby, who rose to the highest levels of the British intelligence service before he was unmasked as a Soviet mole in the early 1960s.
... According to his unpublished memoir, Mr. Petty spent more than two years working secretly to investigate his supervisor. He gathered intricate details about Angleton's movements and close associates through the years, looking for - and finding, he thought -
evidence that Angleton could have collaborated with the Soviets.
... Mr. Petty admitted that it was a messy conclusion based largely on the circumstantial suggestion of guilt.
'It was not a clear-cut case,' he told David Martin for 'Wilderness of Mirrors,' Martin's 1980 book about the Cold War-era CIA. Whatever his misgivings, Mr. Petty reported concerns about Angleton to agency superiors in 1974. He delivered several drawers full of notes and documents supporting his view, then spent at least 26 hours over the course of a week explaining his work to a senior officer in tape-recorded interviews. The price of that move was Mr. Petty's job - he retired almost immediately - and his reputation.
His accusation against Angleton was dismissed in a CIA study,
and Mr. Petty remains one of the more controversial figures in the agency's history...".

Jefferson Morley on the new JFK files:

"... Did you consider the possibility that Angleton himself may have been the mole as Clare Petty and Douglas Valentine suspected ...
There were at least four internal CIA studies that look at the issue of the mole after Petty made his allegation (Cram, Goodpastur, Fischer, and Hart). None came to the conclusion that Angleton was not the mole, and all came to the conclusion that there was no mole during Angleton's tenure.
Petty's report has never been declassified so the details of his argument are unknown and impossible to judge. While Cleveland Cram's voluminous study of Angleton has not been made public, there is nothing in Cram's public comments to indicate that Cram saw evidence suggesting Angleton was the mole. Cram's personal papers on the subject were withdrawn from public view by the CIA when I began to research the issue. ...
In addition, I consulted the work of Christopher Andrew, semi-official historian of the British services and custodian of the Mitrokhin archive, the most complete collection of Soviet intelligence files available in the West. Andrew does not believe that Angleton was the mole. Nothing that has been published about the Mitrokhin archive supports the notion that Angleton was the mole. ..."

Angleton shaped CIA counterintelligence for 20 years from 1954 to 1974.

"... Angleton, some of them say, was a paranoid who effectively shut down Agency operations against the Soviet Union".

Tennent H. Bagley insists that Nosenko's first contact with CIA in 1962 was designed to conceal
the presence of Soviet penetration agents who had been operating in US intelligence since at least the late 1950s and that his reappearance barely two months after the JFK murder was a risky change in the operation.

Clare Edward Petty was born 1920, in Norman, Oklahoma. He was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Oklahoma. Clare Edward Petty investigation of Heinz Felfe caught the attention of James Jesus Angleton, the head of the CIA's counter-intelligence unit.
In 1966 Petty joined the Special Investigations Group (SIG) and was given the task by Angleton to find the Soviet mole that Anatoli Golitsin had suggested had penetrated the CIA. Angleton suggested that Petty should take a close look at David Edmund Murphy.
... Angleton's suspicions were increased by Murphy speaking fluent Russian and marrying a woman who had previously lived in the Soviet Union. Murphy had been accused of being a Soviet spy by one of his own officers, Peter Kapusta. Newton S. Miler, a member of SIG had investigated Murphy in the early 1960s.
Petty concluded that a phrase in a letter from Michal Goleniewski, the Polish intelligence officer who called himself Sniper ... the KGB had advance knowledge that could only have come from a mole in the CIA.
Angleton's mentor and friend, British intelligence officer Kim Philby, has been a longtime double agent for the Soviets.
As a result of this trauma, Angleton was about to become obsessed with searching for mole in the CIA itself, destroying the accomplishments and career of many agency officers.
Allegedly his long-term investigations led to the paralysis of the CIA, disrupted the team and introduced general distrust, which ended with no significant successes.

David Wise wrote:
"... Wise started a biography of Angleton ...
on the search for 'Sasha' - the alleged Soviet mole inside the CIA. Wise drew on many of Martin's and Mangold's sources but also turned up new information from previously silent Agency officers and in formerly classified records, including about compensation provided to victims of the molehunt. Wise also revealed details about the penetration agent, who did not damage CIA nearly as much as Angleton feared or as the molehunt itself did - although he goes well beyond the facts to claim that the search 'shattered' the Agency. ...".
Angleton died in 1987.
In later articles, Epstein did become more skeptical of the Angleton-Golitsyn interpretation of Soviet foreign policy. Most recently, he noted that the observation of Aldrich Ames's KGB handler that Angleton's suspicions about a mole inside CIA 'has the exquisite irony of a stalker following his victim in order to tell him he is not being followed'...".

David C. Martin does not identify where he got much of his specific information.

Angleton initially cooperated with Martin but cut off contact when he learned that the author also was in touch with some of his critics. One of them was Clare Petty, an ex-CI Staff officer who had come to believe that Angleton was either a fraud or a KGB asset.
Five months before landing in Normandy, Angleton's first meeting with Kim Philby came to an end.
According to the historian Antony C. Brown "at the meeting Angleton had ambitions, and had no appointment. It was Philby who suggested he take up the job - counter-intelligence. ... It was Kim who taught Angleton the structure of secret service, explained to him how he was intercepted. ...
Kim [Philby] became a mentor to James and a teacher.
If that was the case, Angleton quickly became independent ...
Kim was hired to work for the NKVD, and a few months later he became confident.

... At the beginning of April 1944, Angleton learned that Princess Maria Pignatelli, the wife of influential politician and conspirator ... crossed the border between Allied and German troops and paid a visit to several high-ranking Wehrmacht officers. According to Angleton's informant, the duchess was to inform the Nazis of the planned Allied offensive in Italy ... the Duchess was registered by OSS as their agent. ... double agents.
... Although the case came to light, and Poletti was shot by the British ...
Angleton was about to use the Prince's connections. Immediately after the war he decided with Pignatelli create an organization fighting the Communist Party of Italy and supporting the right-wing forces of Prime Minister Alcide de Gasperi. These actions were also supported by the British ... R5, its counterintelligence section also operating in Italy. Head of section in London was Kim Philby ...".
In September 1945, the Consul General of the USSR Konstanty Wolkow reported to the British consul in Istanbul, offering in exchange for asylum ... information about Soviet spying in Turkey and the Middle East. ... his information showed that the Foreign Office and the SIS counter-intelligence had three NKWD agents. ... Information ... was sent to the head of the SIS "C", and for the hearing of ...
Philby, head of the Soviet section of counterintelligence.
Kim was going to Istanbul for three weeks ...".

Even without the sensational New York Times front-page story by Seymour Hersh in December 1974 about CIA domestic operations that prompted Angleton's dismissal, it was more than time for him to go, as even his longtime defender Richard Helms came to admit.

Petty continued to search for the Soviet mole and eventually reached the conclusion that it was the man who had ordered the investigation, James Jesus Angleton, who had penetrated the CIA, and was in league with Anatoli Golitsin, who was not a genuine defector
... PETTY:
I began rethinking everything. If you turned the flip side it all made sense. Golitsin was sent to exploit Angleton. Then the next step, maybe not just an exploitation, and I had to extend it to Angleton. Golitsin might have been dispatched as the perfect man to manipulate Angleton ... Angleton was a mole, but he needed Golitsin to have a basis on which to act ... Golitsin was a support for things Angleton had wanted to do for years in terms of getting into foreign intelligence services. Golitsin's leads lent themselves to that. I concluded that logically Golitsin was the prime dispatched agent.
In 1971 Petty began "putting stuff on index cards, formulating my theory".
Petty later told David C. Martin: The case against Angleton was a great compilation of circumstantial material. It was not a clear-cut case. ...
Petty told James H. Critchfield, the CIA head of the Eastern European and Near East divisions about his theory.
As he later pointed out:
"I reviewed Angleton's entire career, going back through his relationships with Philby, his adherence to all of Golitsyn's wild theories, his false accusations against foreign services and the resulting damage to the liaison relationships, and finally his accusation against innocent Soviet Division officers."
As a result of his investigation, Petty concluded that there was an "80-85 percent probability" that Angleton was a Soviet mole.
Petty decided not to tell his boss, Jean M. Evans, about his investigation. "Petty worked in absolute secrecy, ... he was gathering information to accuse his own boss, James Angleton, as a Soviet spy.
By the spring of 1973, after toiling for some two years, Petty felt he could not develop his theory any further. He decided to retire."

Clare Edward Petty died in April, 2011.
Mr. Petty joined the fledgling CIA in 1947. Within a few years, he played a key role in identifying and catching Heinz Felfe, one of the most successful Soviet agents of the Cold War.

Douglas Valentine (Author):
Valentine's research into CIA activities began when CIA Director William Colby gave him free access to interview CIA officials who had been involved in various aspects of the Phoenix program in South Vietnam. Angleton was key to understanding the CIA. Weiner hasn't detailed Angleton's relationship with the underworld through the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. ...
"Through Angleton's relationships with Italian royalty, Tibor Rosenbaum [Mossad agent], Charlie Siragusa [FBN agent], Hank Manfredi [FBN], and Mario Brod, he was certainly aware of Meyer Lansky's central role as the Mafia's banker in the Caribbean - where Lansky's mob associate from Las Vegas, Moe Dalitz, opened an account at Castle Bank - as well as in Mexico, where Angleton's friend, Winston M. Scott, was station chief, and certainly kept tabs on Lansky's associate, former Mexican president Miguel Aleman. As ever, Angleton and Lansky were the dark stars of the intelligence and financial aspects of international drug smuggling. Alan Block devotes some pages to this in his book, Masters of Paradise. ...

Angleton thought William Colby might be a mole.

Angleton exposed the divisions within the CIA after 1966, the Colby vs. Helms factions. He also represented the literary sensibility the CIA once had, where finding secrets was like teasing the meaning out of a poem. Now we have sledgehammer spies. ... Cord Meyer worked with Angleton and used people like labor leader Irving Brown and Jay Lovestone to travel around Europe in the early 1950s. Despite all the strum and drang about battling the Soviet Union, what the CIA was really trying to do was court Socialists away from Communists to form Social Democracy governments to counter the influence of the Soviet Union. Eventually that strategy worked. That was really what was going on behind the scenes.
... Angleton ran the CIA's narcotics operation, in league with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, until 1971, when Helms put it under Tom Karamessines at operations; Karamessines was the former CIA Athens chief. I know for a fact that Angleton in the counterintelligence division of the CIA was in charge of its relations with law enforcement agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which is one of the reasons organizationally that he ended up having relations with people like Charlie Siragusa, a high ranking official in the FBN. This is how Angleton enters into relationships with Corsican drug traffickers ...
Suzan Mazur: Speaking of affairs, Weiner's mention of Cord Meyer on the show had to do with Meyer's ex-wife (no name), who was one of JFK's lovers, being mysteriously murdered and Angleton turning up at her house to see if there was a diary. But as you illuminate in Strength of the Wolf, Mary Pinchot Meyer took LSD given to her by Timothy Leary and also distributed it to the Washington Establishment, possibly to JFK as well. ... You also say that Joseph Civello ran the heroin business in Dallas with John Ormento and the Magaddino family in Buffalo and that they were linked to Carlos Marcello, Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Jimmy Hoffa ... Jackie Kennedy in a kind of premonition of Dallas wrote in one of her letters to Clark Clifford that she was concerned about the 50 businessmen in Texas who said: 'Why should we do anything to help the Kennedys?'
... Valentine: First of all, I don't pretend to know who killed Kennedy. For all I know it could have been Lee Harvey Oswald. That chapter on JFK in my book is speculative...
Jack Ruby went to Dallas in 1948 working for White and actually infiltrated Bugsy Siegel's Mafia drug connection with the Kuomintang in Mexico. As far as I know nobody was ever arrested. Bugsy Siegel was killed because he was getting a little out of control...".

James Angleton's supporters:

Frank Gardiner Wisner (1909 - 1965)
was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945.
He served as the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans in charge of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to January 1, 1959.
He was also tapped for the Seven Society. The Seven Society is the most secretive of the University of Virginia's secret societies. Members [Edward Stettinius, Jr., secretary of state under Presidents Roosevelt and Truman] are only revealed after their death.
FRANK G. Wisner in Washington was associated with the 'Georgetown Set':
George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, Felix Frankfurter, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. The Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Cynthia Helms, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell.
In 1948, the Office of Special Projects was unveiled as the renamed Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) with FRANK Wisner still in charge as Executive Director.
With James Angleton, Wisner ran Operation red sox.
JAMES ANGLETON was associated with Frank Wisner in Albania and Poland.
Frank Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British agent who was a Soviet spy.
The FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, described the OPC as "Wisner's gang of weirdos" and had discovered that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Hoover gave McCarthy inf. on an affair that Wisner had with Princess Caradja in Romania during the war; Caradja was a Soviet agent.

Princess Catherine Olympia Caradja born Ecaterina Olimpia Cretulescu in 1893, grew up in England and France, and lived
in Romania from 1908 to 1952, as "Angel of Ploieşti" in PLOESTI.
She resided in the U.S. since Dec. 1955, mainly in Comfort, in the Hill Country of Texas. In 1978 she befriended Ottomar Berbig, an antiques dealer in West Berlin.
FRANK WISNER was also involved in establishing the Lockheed U-2 spy plane program run by Richard M. Bissell, Jr.
On August 23, 1951, Frank Wisner succeeded Allen W. Dulles and became the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans; with
Richard Helms as his chief of operations.
This office had control of about 75% of the CIA budget.

Allen Dulles in September 1954 selected ANGLETON to be chief of a countrintelligence staff.

Angleton was greatly influenced by DONALD McLEAN and KIM PHILBY.

Donald Duart Maclean (1913 - 1983) was a British diplomat and member of the Cambridge Five who acted as spies for the Soviet Union.

Wisner's gang of weirdos: MEYER, BRADEN, and FARMER in CIA.

BRADEN, and FARMER left CIA in 1954.
Tom Braden ran the C.I.A.'s covert cultural division in the early 1950's. Mr. Braden goes on in the 1980's to become the leftist foil to Patrick Buchanan on the CNN program ''Crossfire.''

In 1951 Allen W. Dulles took Cord Meyer to join the CIA.

Named Thomas Braden / Thomas Wardell Braden (1917 - 2009) an CIA official, journalist; co-host of the CNN show Crossfire. 1941 - served the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), with the OSS director William Donovan.
After the war, Braden met Robert Frost. Robert Lee Frost (1874 - 1963) was an American poet. His mother was a Scottish immigrant. He attended the Theta Delta Chi fraternity and then he moved to Washington, becoming part of a group of former OSS men: known as the Georgetown Set.

Richard Mervin Bissell Jr. was the son of Richard Bissell, the president of Hartford Fire Insurance. Two of his fellow pupils at Groton were Joseph Alsop and Tracy Barnes. Bissell worked closely with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), which had helped to organize guerrilla. 1947 Bissell was recruited by W. Averell Harriman.

The Georgetown Set was formed in 1945-1948 by a group of former Office of Strategic Services veterans:
Frank Wisner - the founder, George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop - the founder, Thomas Braden - a founder, Walt Rostow - a founder, Eugene Rostow, Charles Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averell Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, Allen W. Dulles, and Paul Nitze. The Georgetown Ladies' Social Club: Katharine Meyer Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Antoinette Pinchot, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, and Annie Bissell.

Bissell worked for the Ford Foundation but Frank Wisner took him to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Bissell in February 1962 left the Central Intelligence Agency and was replaced as head of the Directorate for Plans, by Richard Helms.
Braden joined the CIA and he was working closely with Allen Dulles and Frank Wisner, "believing that the cultural milieu of postwar Europe at the time was favorable toward left-wing views, and ... best served by supporting the Democratic left", by Wikipedia.
Braden's efforts were guided toward promoting left-wing elements in groups such as the AFL-CIO: Irving Brown, Jay Lovestone, a noted former communist follower.
Braden left the CIA in November 1954 and co-operated with his friend Nelson Rockefeller. Active in California Democratic politics, he served as president of the California State Board of Education.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908 - 1979) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 41st Vice President of the United States from 1974 to 1977;
served as Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman.
Rockefeller was politically liberal and progressive.
He was the second son of John Davison Rockefeller Jr. and philanthropist Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich. He had brother - John III. Their father, John Jr., was the only son of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller Sr. and Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman.
Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman Rockefeller (b. 1839) was an American abolitionist and philanthropist.
Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich Rockefeller (b. 1874) was an American socialite and philanthropist.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller in 1956 created the Special Studies Project, directed by Henry Kissinger and funded by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund.
Rockefeller "...outlawed job discrimination based on sex or age; appointed women to head the largest number of state agencies in state history; prohibited discrimination against women in education, employment, housing and credit applications".

Back to BRADEN who became a newspaper columnist with Kennedy's press secretary, Frank Mankiewicz.

Frank Fabian Mankiewicz II (b. 1924) was an American journalist and political adviser. The son of Sara Aaronson and screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz; his son Josh Mankiewicz is an NBC News correspondent.

Wife of named Thomas Wardell Braden - Joan Braden "...worked as coordinator of consumer affairs in the State Department, a position created for her in 1976 while her friend Henry Kissinger was secretary of state. Among her other close friends were former ambassador Averell Harriman and CIA Director Richard Helms".
After replacing Mankiewicz as the "voice from the left" on the syndicated radio show Confrontation, Tom Braden co-hosted the Buchanan-Braden Program; hosted the CNN program Crossfire.

Patrick Joseph Buchanan (b. 1938), co-hosted a radio show with liberal columnist Tom Braden; on NBC radio from 1978 to 1984; and CNN's Crossfire;
his partners included Braden, Michael Kinsley, Geraldine Ferraro, and Bill Press.
His father was of Irish, English, and Scottish ancestry, and his mother was of German descent.

Michael Kinsley (born 1951) is an American political journalist and commentator. Kinsley was born to a Jewish family; 1989 to 1995, Kinsley appeared on CNN's Crossfire.
In 2002 Kinsley married Patty Stonesifer, a top executive at Microsoft and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; on the MSNBC.

Remember:
Thomas Braden, head of the International Organizations Division (IOD);
Frank Weisner, the Director, Office of Special Projects.

David Bruce, appointed by Dwight Eisenhower to investigate covert propaganda, stated that Mockingbird is responsible for over 50% of international politics over the last half of the 20th Century. Operation Mockingbird was an program of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that began in the early 1950s and attempted to manipulate news media; Deborah Davis wrote, that the
Operation Mockingbird was established by Frank Wisner, director of the Office of Policy Coordination; Wisner recruited Phil Graham from The Washington Post to run the project;
"By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of The New York Times, Newsweek, and CBS...".

In 1951, Allen Dulles enlisted Cord Meyer to the CIA. Meyer became Mockingbird's "principal operative."

Philip Leslie "Phil" Graham b. 1915, was a member of both Florida Blue Key and Sigma Alpha Epsilon (Florida Upsilon chapter) and was both a fraternity brother and roommate of the late Senator George A. Smathers.
In 1941 he was law clerk to United States Supreme Court under Justice Felix Frankfurter, who had been his professors at Harvard.

1940, he married Katharine Graham, the daughter of Eugene Meyer, the owner of The Washington Post.
Eugene Isaac Meyer b. 1875, to Marc Eugene Meyer and Harriet Newmark, both Alsatian Jews. In 1946, when Washington Post publisher Eugene Meyer was named the first president of the World Bank, he passed the position of publisher to Graham.

Thomas Braden, head of the of International Organizations Division (IOD), played an important role in Operation Mockingbird.

Cord Meyer -
Operation Mockingbird was, in the 1950s, organized by Cord Meyer and Allen W. Dulles, it was later led by Frank Wisner after Dulles became the head of the CIA.
It also worked to influence foreign media and political campaigns.

Cord Meyer Jr., b. 1920, was a US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official. The son of a diplomat and grandson of a New York State Democratic chairman.
In about 1949, he began work with the CIA, until 1977.
He married Mary Pinchot in 1945; and she was mistress to President John F. Kennedy. Her 1964 murder remains unsolved.
His grandfather, also called Cord Meyer, was a property developer and a chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee. Junior was a member of the Scroll and Key society. Mary Eno Pinchot, was the second daughter of Amos Pinchot.
In 1951, Allen W. Dulles made contact with her husband.

Nicolae Ceausescu's strongest ally was Elena, his wife since December 23, 1947.

Let's compare the information contained in the book 'Shadows of War' by Mike Johnson - 2010, with reality:
Joe and GABRIELLA BALAS BARTON were as close as the CEAUSESCUS.

Joe Barton, a young man who joins the United States Foreign Service after graduation from Ohio University in 1938. In Washington, he meets Gabriella Balas, clerk in Romania's Washington Embassy. Gabriella was from PLOESTI. In 1938 she met JOE BARTON, Foreign SERVICE officer in Washington. And the two enjoy romance before Joe is posted to Singapore, which proves to be a very dangerous assignment. Dec. 1941 Gabriella back to Romania.
In Romania since 1941 Gabriella teamed with Princess CATHERINE CARADJA in Ploesti.
In 1945 Joe moved to Romania. Gabriella and her parents Cornel [died in 1960] and Elena, lived in Ploesti, where Joe married Gabriella Balas, now Mrs. Joseph Barton.
Gabriella BARTON in Washington befriended ALICE MANESCU [from TIMISOARA], from the Romanian embassy before 1939 in US; LAURA Ramaschi from Bucharesti, married English professor at the University of Bucharest, named STENTZ.
Gabriella BALAS BARTON was friend of Princess Catherine Olympia Caradja born Ecaterina Olimpia Cretulescu on January 28, 1893.
"... According to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, Princess Caradja had an affair during the war with Frank Wisner, who was working in Bucharest as chief of OSS operations in southeastern Europe. Claiming that Caradja was a Soviet agent, Hoover passed that information to Senator Joseph McCarthy...", by Wikipedia;
Frank Gardiner Wisner b. 1909, was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe in 1944-1945; and served as the 2nd Deputy Director of Plans in charge of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency from August 23, 1951 to January 1, 1959.

Among those attending Catherine's memorial service [1993 in Romania] were Gabriella Balas Barton and Jeff Wolfrom.
Catherine's youngest daughter, Alexandra, died in 1997, at 77.
Gabriella met Jeff Wolfrom and his American colleagues in Ploesti during second World War. Jeff Wolfrom was experiencing a strong sense of deja vu.

Above named Elena Ceausescu, n?e Lenuta Petrescu, b. 1916, was the wife of Nicolae Ceausescu, the Communist leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. She was also the Deputy Prime Minister of Romania. She was born in Petresti commune. She moved along with her brother to Bucharest, where she worked as a laboratory assistant.
Author Mike Johnson wrote on real people, among the most compelling historical characters are a Romanian princess who was devoted to caring for orphans and Allied prisoners of war.
Gabriella BALAS BARTON visited Romania in 1966.

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1912 - 1988)

"...was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963. He served as both an INO NKVD and KGB operative. In 1963, Philby was revealed to be a member of the spy ring now known as the Cambridge Five
[he was the member of Cambridge University Socialist Society / CUSS. Closest friend of Maurice Dobb, who was a lecturer at Trinity College, and under his influence, "...Philby became convinced that the world was endangered by fascism, and that the only effective weapon in the fight against this evil was Marxism and the Comintern..." {compare Lee Oswald + Paine, and about Leon Czolgosz + Emma Goldman}],
the other members of which were Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt and, possibly, John Cairncross".

His grandfather was Harry Montagu Philby (1864 - 1913), born to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Bridger.

H. Montague Philby was the secretary of the Passara Planters' Association

[tea in CEYLON - see my websites -
Naminacooly close to Badulla in the District of Passara, established in 1893: Deaker., Geo.kent, 1898 - 1899, Manager; Macfarlane, 1893, Manager; Owners: Estates Ld, Namunukula Tea in 1898 - 1899; Macfarlane, Messrs. in 1893. 50 km east to NUWARA ELIJA, and south-east to KANDY. 1867 - the first tea estate in Sri Lanka was established by scotsman James Taylor in Loolecondera Estate.

Namunukula = Naminacooly mountains, west to URY estate; west to Passara, Sri Lanka, about 5 km; and 5 km east to SPRING VALLY. Namunukula village: south to named SPRING VALLY and 13 km south-west to PASSARA; 20 km to north-west is situated BADULLA - the capital of the province of Uva, Ceylon is situated 54 m. S. E. of Kandy. There is a botanic garden; and the town is overshadowed by the Naminacooly Kande range of mountains.

Sir Anthony Oliphant's tea estate, the Oliphant Estate, situated in the hill country in Nuwara Eliya - 55 km south-east-south of Kandy, east of Colombo, 26 km east of Hatton, close to Lindula and Meepilimana - was the first estate to grow tea in Ceylon;
Anthony and his son Laurence are the first people to grow tea in Ceylon. Sir Anthony's son, Laurence Oliphant, went on become a Member of the House of Commons. Laurence Oliphant was the only child of Sir Anthony Oliphant (1793 - 1859), a member of the Scottish landed gentry. Laurence spent his early childhood in Colombo, and the Oliphant Estate in Nuwara Eliya. In 1848 - 1849, he was in Europe, 1851 to Nepal,
returned to Ceylon, travel in Russia at the Black Sea in 1853 (Odessa ?), next to 1861 Oliphant was secretary to Lord Elgin; visited the Circassian coast during the Crimean War. 1861 Oliphant was appointed First Secretary of the British Legation in Japan, a visit to Korea, where he discovered a Russian force;
met Alice le Strange, married in London, 1872.
In 1879, Oliphant left for Palestine, where he promoted Jewish settlement for Jewish suffering in Eastern Europe. This was the first wave of Jewish settlement by Zionists in 1882 in the Galilee. Oliphant settled in Haifa, and on Mount Carmel.

The Worms Brothers estates:
Pussellawa,
Keenakelle in Badulla {Keenakelle Group including Keenakelle (13 km north-west to BADULLA), Keenagashena (17 km north-west to BADULLA) and Serendib},
Meddecombra in Dimbulla,
Thotulagalla in Haputale, Condegalla and
Labookelle in Ramboda, the Norwood in Dikoya.
There was Delta estate, adjoining Rothschild,
James Glenie, Captain Harry Bird's Black Forest and F. R. Sabonadiere, the founder of Sabonadiere & Company in Colombo.
Loolecondera situated in the Hewaheta district, of G. D. B. Harrison, W. M. Leake, and James Joseph Mackenzie in 1841. James Taylor referred as the father of tea planting in Ceylon at the Peradeniya gardens from about 1865. The Government sent Arthur Morice, an experienced coffee planter to Assam to learn the art of tea cultivation. In 1875, James Taylor had planted 100 acres in tea in Loolecondera in Hewaheta lower, Jenkins on Hope in Hewaheta upper.

The estates opened up in the Nuwara Eliya district:

L. A. Rossiter in 1875 owned 203 acres; Fairyland, Hazelwood, Oliphant, Alston Scott & Company. He also owned Florence in Yakdessa. Other plantations were Pedro owned by F. Bayley and Tullibody owned by G. Armitage, both under the supervision of E. A. Watson.
Above the ALSTONS, SCOTT & CO. was founded in 1848 by J. B. Alston and Alex Scott who were joined in 1853 by George Alston. BORRON, A. G. K. - Archibald Glen Kidson Borron was a coffee planter at Crystal Hill at Matale. The fourth son of William Geddes Borron, J. P., of Scafield Tower, Ardrosan, Scotland; A. G. K. Borron died in Ceylon in 1872.
CAREY, STRACHAN & CO. established in 1869 under the name of Carey and Strachan, the partners being L. St. George Carey and Charles Strachan. In 1896, a company was formed in London, and develop certain tea estates, tea factory as the Galaha Factory.
CEYLON COMPANY LTD. in 1863 of G. and M. B. Worms in Colombo (1842-1862). The Ceylon establishment was managed by J. Mercer (Mercier ?) and C. B. Smith.
In 1883 the Company owned St. Sebastion Mills for Coffee and Grandpass for Tea. CEYLON PLANTATION CO. under the auspices of the Ceylon Plantation Company by George Wall in Ceylon in 1846. The office of the company was in Kandy and George Wall took up his residence at Haramby / Aramba House.
COLOMBO COMMERCIAL CO., THE - in London and Ceylon by John Burn, an engineer, who was born in Aberdeen, Scotland; since 1848 in coffee planting and in 1876 tea.
The Worms brothers, cousins of the Rothschild family.

Baron Solomon Benedict De Worms, b. 1801, d. 1882, and his brothers Maurice and Gabriel purchased a large estate at Pussellawa, the Rothschild Estate in 1841. The brothers established the Eastern Produce and Estates Co Ltd, and G. and M. B. Worms; at the Condegalla Estate, near Ramboda Pass they planted the first tea trees with derived from China.
Sir Emerson Tennant, Colonial Secretary 1845 - 1850 visited their estate at Pussellawa.
Above mentioned Sir James Emerson - Tennent, 1st Baronet b. 1804 in Rockvale, County of Down, an Irish politician and traveller, was the third son of William Emerson, a merchant of Belfast and Sarah daughter of William Arbuthnot of Rockville / Rockvale, County of Down; James Emerson Tennent, 1st Baronet married Letitia, only daughter of William Tennent, a banker and wealthy merchant at Belfast, who died in 1832. James Emerson Tennent entered parliament in 1832 for Belfast],

"...conveying the Association's thanks for Ferguson's support for the extension of the road from Naminacooly
{JOHN Ferguson, in Ceylon in 1893; close to Hakgala - 7 km south to NUWARA ELIJA, and Oodapusilawa}
to Passara, 1895...".

Passara Planters' Association: Mr. George Kent Deaker, planting politician, chairman Passara Planters' Association, 1896-97, died 1924; ca 1907, Mr. Bisset is the hon. sec. of the Passara Planters' Association, and is a member of the Badulla Club.

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby was born at Ambala in the Punjab Province of British India.
He was the son of Dora Johnston and HARRY St John Philby
[born at St John's (hospital ?), Badulla, Ceylon - the second son of Harry Montagu],
who convert to Islam in 1930, a member of the Indian Civil Service
[deputy of the Governor ! after 1908; the closest friend of lieutenant Bernard Montgomery],
a civil servant in Mesopotamia and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia.

Named
Harry St John Bridger Philby (1885 - 1960) / Jack Philby / Sheikh Abdullah, was also colonial office intelligence officer; "the first Socialist to join the Indian Civil Service" in Lahore in the Punjab in 1908. In later years St. John Philby was interned as an fascist and potential enemy of Britain
[compare Hugh Angleton, an executive of the National Cash Register Company, since 1931 in Milan, very impressed with Benito Mussolini, ultra-conservative, a sympathizer with Fascist officials].

Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby in 1933 acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, delivered money to refugees from the Nazis [compare the parents of Zbigniew Brzezinski]. In Vienna Philby met Litzi Friedmann / Alice Kohlmann, Austrian Communist of Hungarian Jewish origins [compare origin of George SOROS]. A friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart, a Soviet agent, "...first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence" in 1934. Litzi Friedmann was "almost certainly the person who recruited him to the Soviet cause." Theodore Maly / Man, Hungarian, and Anatoly Gorsky / Kap, of the OGPU in London, a German known as Reif / Mar, also co-operated with Philby. In February 1937, Philby came to Seville, Spain, but in 1938, Walter Krivitsky / Samuel Ginsberg, a former GRU officer in Paris, published an account of two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the British Foreign Office and a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain.
Hester Marsden-Smedley introduced Kim Philby to Marjorie Maxse of the War Office.
Philby was appointed as an instructor of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in 1940 - in the Secret Intelligence Service known as MI6, the British intelligence service - with the support of his then influential father, who had sponsored him at MI6 Major General Stewart Menzies.

Ivan Chichayev / Vadim, re-established contact with Kim Philby.

Kim Philby met James Jesus Angleton, a US counter-intelligence officer working with SIS in London, Section V.
Angleton "...became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. It later emerged that the agent - known as Schmidt - had also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow".

Acc. to 'spartacus-educational':

"...On 28th December, 1943, James Jesus Angleton, arrived in London to work for the Italian section of X-2 C.I.
Soon after arriving in England he met Kim Philby, who was head of MI6's Iberian section. It was the start of a long friendship:
"Once I met Philby, the world of intelligence that had once interested me consumed me. He had taken on the Nazis and Fascists head-on and penetrated their operations in Spain and Germany. His sophistication and experience appealed to us ... Kim taught me a great deal."

Phillip Knightley, the author of Philby: KGB Masterspy (1988), has pointed out:
"Philby was one of Angleton's instructors, his prime tutor in counter-intelligence; Angleton came to look upon him as an elder-brother figure."

Angleton impressed his senior officers and within six months he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant and was appointed as chief of the Italian Desk for the European Theater of Operations. A colleague, John Raymond Baine, later remembered him as a well-respected officer...".

In September 1949, Philby arrived in the United States, as First Secretary to the British Embassy and as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. 1952, Philby was working as a journalist, in 1954 a diplomatic newsletter.
In October 1955, Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan.
"...On the evening of 23rd January 1963, Kim Philby vanished from Beirut, ..." either on board a ship or escaped through Syria, to Soviet Armenia.

On 1 July 1963, Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed.

Baliszewski and Tadeusz Kisielewski point out the opportunity the Soviets had at Gibraltar.

"... At about the same time that Sikorski's plane was left unguarded at the Gibraltar airfield, a Soviet plane was parked nearby; it carried Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky, giving the Soviets an officially confirmed presence at the site of the accident".
Philby was in charge of security for the Gibraltar area at that time.

"...Muller knew Harold Kim Philby before World War II and he renewed their contacts when Philby was sent to Washington as a British intelligence officer to cooperate with the FBI and CIA. In his journal, under the date of January 8, 1950, Heinrich Muller noted the conversation he had with Philby regarding what happened on Gibraltar on July 4, 1943. ... In Philby's opinion, Stalin wanted General Sikorski's death.
As the chief of the British counterespionage for the Iberian Peninsula, Philby could easily find out the date of Sikorski's visit to Gibraltar on his way from the Near East to London. In his version of events, the Soviets arranged for Maisky, their ambassador to London, to fly back via Gibraltar, and to be there at the same time as General Sikorski. Philby believed that Sikorski was dangerous for Stalin. He told the former chief of the Gestapo that Maisky's passenger list included two professional assassins.
As Muller recalls, the British, except for Philby's treasonable activities, had no direct connection with the murder of Sikorski.

According to Philby, Churchill had been tipped off that this would happen, but he was so frightened about the possible rupture with Stalin over the death of Polish officers that he said nothing by way of warning.
... On March 31, 1941, in a conversation with the Czechoslovakian legate to the Soviet Union, Zdenek Fierlinger, Maisky stated that he can guarantee that General Sikorski will never enter Warsaw again..." - by Jozef Kazimierz Kubit with translation by Kasia Miszta.

Copyright by telegraph.co.uk:
Stalin's accusers claim that Gen Sikorski's plane was left unguarded on the runway at Gibraltar, and could easily have been sabotaged. They also point out that on the day of the crash, July 4, 1943, a plane carrying the Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky and a small retinue of Soviet troops parked next to the doomed Polish leader's aircraft. Allegations of a plot by the Soviet Union, determined not to let Polish nationalism get in the way of communist expansion after the war, have been further fuelled by the presence on Gibraltar of Kim Philby - he was in charge of British intelligence operations in the territory from 1941 to 1944. ...
Claims that a Polish government office in London received a telephone warning of Sikorski's death in Gibraltar weeks before it happened, the fact that the British spy Kim Philby had been in Gibraltar, and the lack of bodies have all fuelled conspiracy theories.

Kim Philby prior to that functioned as instructor specializing in sabotage behind enemy lines [an instructor with the Special Operations Executive in 1940]; then he was the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service's counterintelligence for the Iberian Peninsula from 1941 to 1944.

Copyright on October 27, 2017 by Carl Schreck, a senior correspondent for RFE/RL.:

"... The declassified document - dated November 23, 1963 - states that according to an intercepted phone call in Mexico City, Oswald was at the Soviet Embassy on September 28, 1963 [and "...the American had been there the previous day" ?!].
... The CIA document states that Oswald called the Soviet Embassy on October 1, 1963, "identifying himself by name and speaking broken Russian, stating" that he'd spoken to Kostikov "and asking the guard who answered the phone whether there was 'anything new concerning the telegram to Washington'." ...
the links between Kostikov, who was serving as vice consul at the embassy as Oswald tried in vain to get a Soviet visa there in September 1963, and the KGB's "assassination" department appear to be far from definitively established, according to previously classified documents now available to the public.
... Valery Kostikov, was identified by the CIA [on November 23rd, 1963] a day after Kennedy's assassination [in Dallas on November 22, 1963] as a KGB officer in an operation allegedly being run by the Soviet spy agency's 13th Department "responsible for sabotage and assassination."

... Oswald's contacts with Kostikov were previously known [before 2017]

... But their interactions at the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City nonetheless grabbed headlines in both Russian and Western media following the October 26 [2017], release of nearly 3,000 records on Kennedy's killing.

... memo to the CIA's director in September 1964, FBI head J. Edgar Hoover said his agency's files "do not contain any information to fully support" the CIA's assessment that Kostikov worked for the KGB's 13th Department.
... Hoover's memo also cited a letter the FBI received from the CIA's counterintelligence chief [J. ANGLETON] five months before Kennedy's killing stating that the CIA "could locate no information in your files to indicate Kostikov was a representative" of the KGB's assassinations department.

... The CIA said in early 1964 that Oswald's contact with Kostikov and other KGB officers stationed under diplomatic cover in Mexico City "was nothing more than a grim coincidence." ...

[Valery Vladimirovich Kostikov was born in 1933, died in 2002, served in Spain, Mexico and Cuba; and again in Mexico City in the Soviet Embassy]. ...

Kostikov's appearance matched the description an "FBI-controlled double agent" gave of a Soviet intelligence officer he met in Mexico, the CIA memo says. That agent's Soviet handler in the United States was Oleg Brykin of the KGB's 13th Department, according to the CIA background memo.

... October 26, 2017, Litman states that Kostikov was a captain in the KGB's 13th Department, which was responsible for assassinations, calling the Soviet officer a "trained 'neutralizer'." ...".

News on October 28, 2017:

1. FBI informant claimed Dallas police officer was real assassin;
According to an April 1964 note, an informant claimed to the FBI that slain Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit was the real gunman behind Kennedy's assassination. The informant also told the FBI that a week before the assassination, Tippit met with a third party - possibly gunman Lee Harvey Oswald - at Jack Ruby's nightclub.
JFK files have revealed that Lee Harvey Oswald and his killer Jack Ruby / Jacob Rubenstein met in the weeks before Kennedy was assassinated. The pair were seen together at Florida's Key West airport in 1963
and were overheard speaking in code about 'Big Bird', according to the documents of the airport manager George Faraldo. Oswald and nightclub owner Ruby were apparently both part of a large group of 'mostly young' people heading to Cuba. Mr Faraldo told the FBI that Ruby and Oswald were dressed casually in a sport shirts and trousers. The airport manager added that Ruby 'spent most of the time not mingling with the group but standing against the doorway that led from the waiting area to the rear plane boarding area'.

2. Hoover said the public must believe Oswald acted alone:
'The thing I am concerned about, and so is [Deputy Attorney General Nicholas] Katzenbach, is having something issued so we can convince the public that Oswald is the real assassin', Hoover wrote in a November 1963 memo.

3. Oswald spoke to a KGB agent in the department responsible for assassinations:
A memo from Nov. 23, 1963, reveals that Oswald secretly met with Russian spies at the Soviet Embassy in MEXICO CITY, less than two months before the assassination.
He met with Valeriy Kostikov, a KGB agent the FBI said worked for the agency's 13th Department, which was 'responsible for sabotage and assassination', on Sept 28, 1963.

Below Jefferson Morley on the new JFK files wrote down on 04 November 2017:

"... The document, a CIA cable dated October 8, 1963, has been partially released before but the slugline of the cable, LCIMPROVE, has now been declassified. ... According to previously released JFK files, LCIMPROVE was the agency's code name for 'counter-espionage involving Soviet intelligence services worldwide'. That was the undisputed domain of counterintelligence chief James Jesus Angleton, the subject of my new book. ...
The October 8, 1963, cable, written by Mexico City station chief Winston Scott, concerned contacts between an American named Lee Oswald and a Soviet consular official named Valery Kostikov. The LCIMPROVE slugline is strong evidence that Angleton was notified about Oswald's contact with Kostikov, a presumed KGB officer. Scott and Angleton had been friends since World War II. A JFK file released last week showed that some CIA officials suspected Kostikov might work for KGB's 13th Department, which was reputedly responsible for political assassinations. ... The story of Oswald's contact with Kostikov is not new.
The Mary Ferrell Foundation has a good primer on Kostikov. ... Jim Angleton and Win Scott, CIA friends...
Oswald returned to Texas after his visit to Mexico City. As I recently reported for the Daily Beast,
a senior FBI agent reported Oswald's return to the Dallas-Fort Worth area to Angleton's office on November 15, 1963.
The Daily Beast story showed that Angleton knew, or should have known, Oswald was in Dallas. Now we know that Angleton also knew Oswald had been in contact with a KGB officer who some said was a KGB assassin. After receiving the October 8 cable, Angleton could have asked the FBI to locate and interview Oswald to explain his contacts with Kostikov. The FBI located him but Angleton is not known to have taken any action. Seven day later, President Kennedy was dead, allegedly shot dead by Oswald. ... In 1978, the House Select Committee on Assassinations re-opened the investigation of JFK's death. As the HSCA investigators began to review CIA records, they asked the agency to supply a list of codenames found in the documents. One of the code names they asked for was LCIMPROVE. In the CIA's response, the agency gave the definition. ...".

4. According to an FBI memo on the Soviet reaction to Kennedy?s death, Soviet spies believed President Lyndon B. Johnson was behind the assassination plot.

5.
According to a Nov. 26, 1963, memo from CIA Deputy Director James Angelton, the British newspaper the Cambridge News received a tip that a reporter 'should call the American Embassy in London for some big news, and then hung up'. According to Britain's MI5 intelligence service, the newspaper received the call 25 minutes before Kennedy was killed.
The reporter, who MI5 noted was 'sound and loyal', said he'd never received a call of that kind before.
Anna Savva, a reporter at the News, told the Associated Press the paper has no record of the tip being taken.
Above acc. to 'philly.com'.

April the 28th, 1961 - we read on the 'JFK Tells of Red Menace',
"President Kennedy told the nations newspaper publishers Thursday night that
no formally declared war ever posed as great a threat to American security as
does the rampant worldwide menace of communism.
In view of this deadly challenge, he urged newspapers across the land to re-examine their obligations in the light of global danger and, in presenting the news, to heed the duty of self-restraint.
Kennedy ... speaking at the annual Waldorf-Astoria dinner of the Bureau of Advertising of the American Newspaper Publishers Association, suggested there is a need for greater public information, and at the same time a need for greater official secrecy...".

On April 28, 1961, President Kennedy explained what is meant by the term:
"The Communist conspiracy".

We read The Address in Chicago at a Dinner of the Democratic Party of Cook County on April 28, 1961:
"Mayor Daley, Governor Kerner, Senator Douglas, Congressman Dawson, Chairman Cullerton ... ladies and gentlemen: ... We live in a hazardous and dangerous time. ... Now our great responsibility is to be the chief defender of freedom, in this time of maximum danger. Only the United States has the power and the resources and the determination. We have committed ourselves to the defense of dozens of countries stretched around the globe who look to us for independence, who look to us for the defense of their freedom. We are prepared to meet our obligations, but we can only defend the freedom of those who are determined to be free themselves. ... The Russians and the Chinese, containing within their borders nearly a billion people, totally mobilized for the advance of the Communist system, operating from narrow, interior lines of communication, pressuring on Southeast Asia with the masses of the Chinese armies potentially ready to move-of the Russians who hold great power potentially in the Middle East and Western Europe ...
There is no easy answer to the dilemmas that we face. Our great ally is the fact that people do desire to be free, that people will sacrifice everything in their desire to maintain their independence.
And as the true nature of the Communist conspiracy becomes better known around the globe, when people come to realize - as they surely will - that the Communist advance does not represent a means of liberation but represents a final enslavement,
then I believe that they will rally to the cause to which we have given our support and our commitment".

Mentioned above Bissell moved after 1949 to Washington, where he associated with a group of journalists and politicians:
Frank Wisner,
George Kennan,
Dean Acheson,
Desmond FitzGerald,
Joseph Alsop,
Stewart Alsop,
Tracy Barnes,
Walt Rostow,
Eugene Rostow,
Cord Meyer,
James Angleton,
W. Averell Harriman,
John McCloy,
Felix Frankfurter,
Allen W. Dulles,
and Paul Nitze.

In September 1960, Bissell and Allen W. Dulles, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, initiated talks with Johnny Roselli and Sam Giancana.

Later, with
Carlos Marcello,
Santo Trafficante, Jr.
and Meyer Lansky became involved in plot against Castro.

Meyer Lansky, original name Maier Suchowljansky born in Grodno, or Meier Suchowlanski, moved to the United States through the port of Odessa.

Bissell became head of the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) in 1962. IDA was a Pentagon think tank set up to evaluate weapons systems.
After Bissell was Richard McGarrah Helms who served as the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from June 1966 to February 1973.
Helms began intelligence work with the Office of Strategic Services.

At www.jfklibrary.org we have the speech of President John F. Kennedy; that is an Address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association, on April 27, 1961 at Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City.
"Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen: I appreciate very much your generous invitation to be here tonight. ... I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. ...
The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it is in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know. ...
Today no war has been declared - and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired.

If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent. It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions - by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper.
For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence - on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day.
It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations.
Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined.
Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed.
It conducts the Cold War, in short, with a war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match.
Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security - and the question remains whether those restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion. ...".

By Liz McNeil and Tierney McAfee on September 25, 2017:
"...She met John F. Kennedy at a prep school dance and in the early 1960s, began an affair with the president that lasted until the time of his assassination.
One year later, on Oct. 12, 1964, Mary Pinchot Meyer was shot dead while taking an afternoon walk on a Georgetown towpath in Washington, D.C., at age 43.
... there have been theories that Pinchot Meyer's death may have been linked to her affair with JFK. Says Burleigh: 'The theory is that she had to die because she knew too much.' 'Her murder just ten days after the Warren Commission report was released makes a lot of people suspicious that she had to be silenced,'
Burleigh notes, adding:
'She lived in a world of secrets ... the secrets of spies running complicated international plots, trying to control a dangerous world at the dawn of the nuclear age.'

Adding to the mystery, in the hours after Pinchot Meyer's death, chief of CIA counterintelligence James Jesus Angleton broke into her artist studio (which was attached to her brother-in-law Ben Bradlee's house) to find her diary. ... Pinchot Meyer, daughter of Amos Pinchot, a wealthy Progressive lawyer, and Ruth Pickering Pinchot, a writer and activist, 'was a true American aristocrat, the beautiful daughter,' says Burleigh. 'Mary was raised on Park Avenue ... educated at the finest schools, a debutante, basically an American princess.'
'She met JFK at a prep school dance,' says Burleigh, the national politics correspondent for Newsweek. 'They were teens. He supposedly cut in on her date.' After graduating from Vassar, Pinchot Meyer went on to marry Cord Meyer, a high-ranking CIA official, in 1945. ... 'Her name first appears on the White House logs in October 1962,' she says. 'She was by his side ... She was often signed in when Jackie was away...'...".

By Wikipedia:

"Mary Eno Pinchot Meyer (October 14, 1920 - October 12, 1964) was an American painter who lived in Washington D.C. At the time of her death, her work was considered part of the Washington Color School and was selected for the Pan American Union Art Exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art in Buenos Aires. She was married to Central Intelligence Agency official Cord Meyer from 1945-1958, and she was linked romantically to the late President John F. Kennedy after her marriage to Meyer. ...".
Her parents - copyright by geni.com:
Ruth Pinchot (Pickering) b. 1893 in Elmira, Chemung County, NY, USA; d. 1984; daughter of George Pickering and Rebecca Iredell Pickering. Wife of Amos Richards Eno Pinchot. Mother of Mary Pinchot Meyer; Antoinette Bradlee; and Gifford Pinchot.

Above Rebecca Iredell Pickering (Thomas) b. 1857, daughter of Nathan Spencer Thomas and Hannah Ann Thomas.

And now we look at
Jerzy Sergius von Mohrenschildt / George Sergius de Mohrenschildt / Георгий Сергеевич де Мореншильд / Jerzy Sergiusz,
who studied at the Institute of Higher Commercial Studies, the University of Liege and the University of Texas at Austin. He was petroleum geologist. The friends with Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin of President John F. Kennedy.
George De Mohrenschildt met Oswald after his return from the Soviet Union.
"...While in Atsugi, Japan, Oswald studied the Russian language ... He studied by himself a great deal in late 1958 and early 1959 after he was transferred from Japan to California. ... When he reached the Soviet Union in October of the same year he could barely speak the language. During the period in Moscow while he was awaiting decision on his application for citizenship, his diary records that he practiced Russian 8 hours a day. After he was sent to Minsk in early January 1960 he took lessons... Marina Oswald said that by the time she met him in March 1961 he spoke the language well enough ... Oswald resided in the city of Minsk from January 1960 until June 1962...".
George de Mohrenschildt (Pole-German from Estonia, Belarus and Poland) knew perfectly Jacqueline Kennedy's family practically since childhood.
During the Second World War he was followed by the FBI as a German agent, and in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century he maintained close contacts with the Bush family, including future head of the CIA, George H. W. Bush (41st President of the United States in 1989 - 1993; see 1989 in Poland);
one piece of Kennedy death's evidence was an amateur film made by Abraham Zapruder (1905-1970), a Polish-Jewish immigrant from Volhynia, city Kowel / Kovel in Tsarist Russia, who owned a small company, the Jennifer Juniors, Inc., located in front of the Depot handbooks in Dallas (see Lee Oswald position on 22nd November, 1963, who was ex Minsk of Belarus citizen).

Abraham Zapruder was an American clothing manufacturer who witnessed the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He received only four years of formal education in Russia. In 1920 (see: von Mohrenschildt moved to Poland in 1922), his family emigrated to the United States, settling in Brooklyn, New York.

George de Mohrenschildt was friend of the Oswalds;
Lee Oswald on November 24, 1963 had to participate in a press conference, and then would be taken to the local jail. At 11.21 Oswald was escorted by policemen.
Surprisingly, Jack Ruby / Jacek Leon Rubenstein (son of the orthodox Jews from POLAND - Sokolow Podlaski), owner of the nightclub, jumped and shoted Oswald who was being led through the Dallas Police Headquarters toward an armored car.

Zapruder himself and approx. 60 peoples claimed that at least one shot fell down at front of the limousine, but their testimonies were ignored by the Warren committees.

Zapruder's film showed three or four shots within 8.3 seconds.

Jim Garrison (1921-1992), the district attorney of New Orleans for the period 1962-1973, discovered evidence of conspiracy
(but we have data about letters on 12 Nov. 1963 to
James Webb and
to John McCone, Willim Colby and
James Angleton; need to be check!);

Garrison arrested the New Orleans businessman - Clay Shaw. A key witness was Perry Russo, twenty-five insurance agent from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Russo said that David Ferrie, Shaw, and Lee Oswald discussed the assassination of Kennedy. In 1993, the television photographs showed Oswald and Ferrie at picture of CAP cadets - Civil Air Patrol;
on July 17, 1979 after more than two years of work, the new commission published its report; concluded Oswald was the assassin, but most likely the assassins were two; concluded that fell four shots, but failed to identify the second shooter.

The Commission also said that there was a plot to assassinate Kennedy; in 1984 the Commission report was completed and published.

The authors also draw attention to the fact that on June 4, 1963 the Regulation No. 11110 of limiting the competence of the Federal Reserve (Fed) was published, including takeover by the federal government the right to issue money based on values for gold parity. In fact, the Federal Reserve is a private bank managed by federal authorities, created in 1913. Its functions include, among others supervision of banks, issue of money, and maintain a strong system of payments.

GEORGE DE MOHRENSCHILDT who was born in Mozyr / Mozyrz, and escaped with family to Poland, in 1939 worked for Humble Oil in Houston, Texas. 1941 his cousin Baron Maydell offered de Mohrenschildt job making documentary movies.
Met Lilia Pardo Larin through "King of Bananas" of Brazil, Dr. Paulo Machado, and went to live with her in Mexico 9 months; invested in sugar company.
In 1942 he met Dorothy Pierson in Palm Beach, and married her in 1943.
1944 moved to Texas, applied at Colorado School of Mines, Rice Institute and University of Texas. Worked in Venezuela.
1946 returned to the United States. Went to work for Rangely Field Committee in Colorado;
met Phyllis Washington during vacation in New York.
1947 went to Haiti.

Washington's step-daughter, Fifi / Phyllis married von George / Jurij / Yuri de Mohrenschildt on July 11, 1948 or in 1947. In 1949 he divorced from Phyllis Washington. Washington was descended to the brothers of first President George Washington. This would have been on both his mother and father's side of the family. S. W. Washington worked for the State Department from 1926 to 1954;
Washington had been assigned to CIA from the Foreign Service in September 1950.

Samuel Walter Washington father-in-law to George de Mohrenschildt, was in charge of more than 250 CIA agents between 1950-53, but George was Lee Harvey Oswald's closest friend.

Mr. Washington worked with Allen Dulles,
Frank Wisner,
Robert P. Joyce,
J. Caldwell King and other top CIA officials.

George Mohrenschildt then married Wynne Sharples. 1952 terminated partnership with Ed Hooker, returned to New York. Formed Walden Oil Co. with wife's uncle, Col. Edward J. Walz.
Traveled to Nigeria, France, Mexico on oil exploration, also Ghana, Togo, Cuba, in Yugoslavia for International Cooperation Administration and Yugoslav Government.

Met Jeanne Le Gon in Dallas.

Visited Poland for 10 days. Visited Dominican Embassy in Washington;
1959 or 1960 moved to Mexico City for Texans Eastern Corp. and encountered Mikoyan. Early 1962 he went to Haiti; returned to Luisiana,
began geology consulting work in Dallas.

Summer 1962 told by George Bouhe of Oswald; went with Colonel Orlov to visit Oswalds;
introduced him to Samuel Ballen in December 1962 or January 1963.

Oct. 1962 George Mohrenschildt visited Elena Hall while Marina was living with her.
March 1963 went to Haiti; Dominican Republic.
Easter 1963 visited Oswalds at Neely Street address;
May 1963 left Dallas for Haiti - June 1963.
April 1964 went to Dominican Republic from Haiti.

Acc. to MS. SURELL BRADY.

After Second World War George de Mohrenschildt advanced within State Department, CIA and governmental circles. George H. W. Bush knew George de Mohrenschildt since 1942.

Allen Dulles knew de Mohrenschildt's brother in 1953.

George knew Jackie Kennedy and her mother Janet Bouvier in 1938,
also knew Mrs. Kennedy's dress designer Oleg Cassini and his brother Igor.

George was business partners with Mohamed Al Fayed in 1964. Fayed had an affair with Alexandra de Mohrenschildt and James Angleton of the CIA was interested in this.

See more: Bruce Campbell Adamson's book.

In 1964, a CIA report states,
"...(George's daughter) Alexandra was being monitored by CIA's James Jesus Angleton because she was having an affair with Mohammed al Fayed shortly after JFK assassination".

James Jesus Angleton b. 1917, was chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's Counterintelligence Staff from 1954 to 1975 as 'Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence'. Under his signature is that of CIA asset, Jane Roman. Roman was CIA agent who record shows was charged with monitoring movements of Lee Harvey Oswald for two months preceding assassination.

George DEMOHRENSCHILDT / DE MOHRENSCHILDT "was business partners with Mohamed Al Fayed in 1964. Fayed had an affair with Alexandra de Mohrenschildt...".
George DE MOHRENSCHILDT and Mohammad Abdel Fayed were in contact in Haiti, and Mohammad Abdel Fayed was suspected of having been a member of Egyptian intelligence in 1953 in Saudi Arabia, in Haiti in June 1964 while official guest of Haitian Government.

"...Alexandra deMohrenschildt Gibson, daughter of George deMohrenschildt, while visiting her father in Haiti in December 1964 without her husband, ... was dating Mohammed Fayed. Fayad purchased Harrods in London in early 1980s. Fayed's son, Dodi, was killed in an automobile accident in Paris on August 31, 1997 that also killed English Princess Dianna.

GIBSON, DONALD and ALEXANDRA DEMOHRENSCHILDT were planning to leave Wingdale, NY and move to Florida. Daughter of George deMohrenschildt "...married to Gary Taylor in Nov. 1959, divorced in April 1963 following birth of son, Curtis Taylor on Feb. 10, 1962. Married to Donald Gibson by 1963. Friend of William Sprott, Attorney ... in 1977. In 1993, owns boutique ... In 1994, ... moved to Tubac, AZ ... In 2001, Alexandra and Giorgio Miola ... moved to Green Valley, AZ".

In 1953 future Warren Commissioner Allen Dulles was working with the father-in-law of George de Mohrenschildt in the Guatemala Coup. Three days after Allen Dulles took over as CIA Director in February of 1953 he was writing to Dimitri Mohrenschildt - the brother of Lee Harvey Oswald's pal, George de Mohrenschildt.

Russian diplomat in the US, Ferdinand Nikolai Alexander von Mohrenschildt, b. 1885 in Haiba, Kernu Parish, Harju County, Estonia, d. March 4, 1919 in New York.
Burial at Sleepy Hollow, Westchester County, New York.
He was son of Thomas Ferdinand or Ferdinand von Mohrenschildt and Mary / Marie von Mohrenschildt daughter of Behrend / Boris Mohrenschildt and Marie Luise von Bremen.

Above Ferdinand's wife was Nona Hazelhurst McAdoo b. 1893, daughter of William Gibbs McAdoo, U.S. Senator and Secretary of the Treasury and Sarah Hazelhurst Houston.

Above Thomas Ferdinand von Mohrenschildt b. 1833 in Haiba, Hageri kihelkond, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland. He was son of Behrend Robert von Mohrenschildt and Gertrude Elisabeth.

Above Berend Robert (Behrend) von Mohrenschildt b. 1786 in Kreuzhof (Risti), Padise vald, Harjumaa, Estland.
He was son of Berend Reinhold von Mohrenschildt and Gustava Stephanie.

Above Gustava Stephanie Grafin von Douglas b. 1758 in Reval (Tallinn).
She was daughter of Robert Wilhelm Douglas and Margarethe Juliane von Knorring.
Above Robert Wilhelm Douglas (on the Douglas in Estonia, ITALY and Scotland see my domain) b. 1724 Tallinn - died in 1778 in Jorvamaa - was the son of Gustaf Otto Douglas and Helena von Schlippenbach.

In 1920, Ferdinand's (von Mohrenschildt) nephew Dimitri von Mohrenschildt, the older brother of George, arrived in the United States and entered Yale University. His admission was likely smoothed by the connections of the Harriman family; Dimitri von Mohrenschildt after graduating from Yale, was offered a position teaching the exclusive Loomis School near Hartford, Connecticut, where John D. Rockefeller III was a student.

There, Dimitri became friendly with Roland and Winifred Betty Cartwright Holhan Hooker;

Dimitri served the Office of Strategic Services, later cofounding Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. In 1941, Dimitri also founded a magazine, the Russian Review, and later became a professor at Dartmouth. Dimitri in the summer of 1936 traveled to Europe, followed a week later by Betty Hooker.

The relationship between Bush and Hooker lasted for three decades, until 1967, when Hooker died. 1937, Betty Hooker and Dimitri von Mohrenschildt married.

By then, Dimitri had been hired by Henry Luce as a stringer for Time magazine.

Meanwhile, Dimitri's younger brother, George, had been living with their family in Wilno; in May 1938, George arrived from Europe to US and lived with his brother and new sister-in-law in their Park Avenue apartment.

Future Warren Commissioner, CIA Director Allen Dulles' knew George de Mohrenschildt's brother Dimitri.
He wrote to Dimitri three days after he took over the office as CIA Director in Feb. 1953.
Allen Dulles' uncle Robert Lansing and de Mohrenschildt's grandfather-by-marriage, William Gibbs McAdoo co-founded the Secret Service together during the Woodrow Wilson administration.
in 1964 Allen Dulles interrogated the de Mohrenschildts' for more than 250 pages during The Warren Commission Report and Dulles did not think the public should know about his ties to de Mohrenschildt; Allen Dulles dated Mary Bancroft who was the best friend of Michael Paine's mother, Ruth Forbes Paine. It was Michael who put the Oswalds' up in his home; his wife found him a job.

George H. W. Bush did not disclose that he knew Oswald's closest friend, George de Mohrenschildt, since 1942.
Adamson was the first to publish letters betweeen the de Mohrenschildts to President Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Vice-President Lyndon Baines Johnson, CIA Directors Allen Dulles and George H. W. Bush.
Since 1953 future Warren Commisioner Allen Dulles had been working with de Mohrenschildt's brother and his father-in-law.

The death of George de Mohrenschildt:

At Image CE-133A, "sent by Oswald (as a first generation copy) to his friend George de Mohrenschildt in April 1963, dated and signed by Oswald on the back of the photo, named Oswald holds a Carcano rifle in one hand. Furthermore he holds two Marxist newspapers in the other hand: The Worker, which followed closely a Moscow party line (and up to being pro-Stalinist until the death of Stalin), and The Militant, a Trotskyist newspaper which followed an anti-Stalinist and anti-Moscow line".

Lee Oswald - in 1954 - considered himself a Marxist and he wrote to the Socialist Party of America in 1955. At Dallas Police Headquarters in 1963 Lee Oswald said 'I am a Marxist' ['I am a true Karl Marxist' - by Smith, Jeffrey K. in 2008]. Marxism and communism have been important factor in his motivation. Oswald was reading in March 1963, two Marxist newspapers, 'The Militant' and 'The Worker'.

On March 16, 1977, Mohrenschildt returned to the United States,
and on March 29, Mohrenschildt gave an interview to author Edward Jay Epstein,
and said:
"... in 1962, Dallas CIA operative J. Walton Moore and one of Moore's associates had handed him the address of Lee Harvey Oswald in nearby Fort Worth and then suggested that Mohrenschildt might like to meet him. Some help from the U.S. Embassy in Haiti would be greatly appreciated by him, he suggested to Moore...".

"On the same day as the Epstein interview, Mohrenschildt received a business card from Gaeton Fonzi, an investigator for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, telling him that he would like to see him. ... That afternoon, Mohrenschildt was found dead from a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head in a house where he was staying in Manalapan, Florida. The coroner's verdict was suicide".

"...In the book Killing Kennedy (2012), reporter Bill O'Reilly claimed he had been knocking at George de Mohrenschild's front door when he heard a shotgun blast that marked the suicide. This claim, however, has since been proven false. A contemporaneously made phone call recording between O'Reilly and Fonzi confirms the inaccuracy of O'Reilly's claim".

Gaeton Fonzi / Gaetano Fonzi (1935 - 2012) was an American investigative journalist, "... was hired as a researcher in 1975 by the Church Committee and by the House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations in 1977, and in 1993 published a book on the subject...". In 1975, he was hired by Senator Richard Schweiker as a researcher for the Church Committee into the activities of US intelligence agencies.

On March 29, 1977, George de Mohrenschildt was visiting a family friend in Manalapan, Florida.
Copyright by NEWSWEEK:
Bill O'Reilly visited Manalapan, Florida, where George de Mohrenschildt "and his 33-year-old daughter Alexandra were staying as guests. During the interview on March 29, de Mohrenschildt asked me to get him a photograph from his Dallas lawyer to confirm part of his story. Then, at around 1 p.m., we broke for an hour for lunch. De Mohrenschildt drove back to Manalapan. As the reporter knocked on the door of de Mohrenschildt's daughter's home, he heard the shotgun blast that marked the suicide of the Russian, assuring that his relationship with Lee Harvey Oswald would never be fully understood. By the way, that reporter's name is Bill O'Reilly. ...
Less than two hours later, de Mohrenschildt was found shot to death on the second floor of the Tilton home. The West Palm Beach deputy sheriff arrived at my hotel and questioned me and my research assistant, Nancy Lanoue, who had been taking notes during the de Mohrenschildt interview. We both were then taken to the county courthouse, where I was interviewed by state's attorney David Bludworth. The next day, two FBI agents questioned me ...
But de Mohrenschildt was not at his daughter's home (158 Villa Longine in Mexico City); he was at Tilton's home in Florida.
Another minor problem is O'Reilly's claim to have been an ear-witness to the death. In the 2013 version of his book for younger readers, he wrote: "As I knocked on the door, I heard a shotgun blast. He had killed himself."

According to the police report, however, no one inside or outside the house heard the shot (which was fired in the second-floor hallway outside Nancy Tilton's bedroom). A maid, Anna Vitsula / WISTULA {who ?}, said she had been in Mrs. Tilton's room a few minutes earlier to turn on an external recorder to tape a television show, but did not hear a shot. Five other people on the staff also said they didn't hear the report of the shotgun. When I asked Bludworth why no one in the house heard the shot, he said it was probably because the blast was partly absorbed by the body, the carpet and the furnishings. In any case, because no one heard a shot, the body was not discovered for some 15 minutes after the shooting...".

On April 1, 1977, Jeanne de Mohrenschildt gave the House Select Committee on Assassinations a print of a photograph showing Lee Harvey Oswald standing in his Dallas backyard holding two newspapers and a rifle ... -
a photograph taken by Oswald's wife Marina.

On the back was written 'To my friend George from Lee Oswald', and the date '5/IV/63' (5 April 1963). ... along with the words 'Copyright Geo de M', and a Russian phrase translated as 'Hunter of fascists, ha-ha-ha!' ...

Mohrenschildt wrote in his manuscript ... that he had missed Oswald's photograph in packing for the move to Haiti in May, 1963, and this was why he had not mentioned it to the Warren Commission.
"According to Mohrenschildt, the photograph was not found among his stored papers until he and his wife found it in February 1967. When analyzed by the HSCA in 1977, this photo turned out to be a first generation print of the backyard photo already known to the Warren Commission as "CE-133A" and which had probably been taken on March 31, 1963".
Copyright by WIKIPEDIA:
"On April 2, 1977, Willem Oltmans told the House Select Committee on Assassinations that Mohrenschildt had implicated himself in the conspiracy to kill President Kennedy. ... Oltmans testified for three hours behind closed doors and told the committee that Mohrenschildt had told him he had discussed the assassination of Kennedy with Oswald from A to Z. 'De Mohrenschildt told me that Oswald acted at his (De Mohrenschildt's) instructions and that he knew Oswald was going to kill Kennedy,' Oltmans said.

Willem Oltmans / Willem Leonard Oltmans (1925 - 2004) was a Dutch investigative journalist;
by Wikipedia:
"... in 1963, Oltmans interviewed the mother of accused assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, Marguerite. Further investigation led him to Oswald's acquaintance George de Mohrenschildt. In 1977 De Mohrenschildt agreed to disclose information to Oltmans, but disappeared from their meeting place and was found dead in Florida a few weeks later. ...
On March 29, 1977, De Mohrenschildt was found dead ...
L. Richardson Preyer of the House Select Committee on Assassinations investigating the assassination of Kennedy stated that De Mohrenschildt was "crucial witness, based on the new information that he had".
A few days later, Oltmans told the HSCA that George de Mohrenschildt had implicated himself in the conspiracy to kill President Kennedy. And Pat S. Russell, who was De Mohrenschildt's attorney said "I definitely feel there was a conspiracy and that definitely was the opinion of George."
Oltmans ... told the committee that De Mohrenschildt told him he had discussed the assassination of Kennedy with Lee Harvey Oswald from A to Z. De Mohrenschildt told me that Oswald acted at his (De Mohrenschildt's) instructions and that he knew Oswald was going to kill Kennedy, Oltmans said.
Although Oltmans had given information to the Committee shortly before, De Mohrenschildt's death had released Oltmans from his promise not to divulge certain information.
Oltmans revealed that De Mohrenschildt, whom he had known for ten years, had told him that there had been a conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy and that he had played a role in the conspiracy. De Mohrenschildt said that CIA and FBI personnel were involved as well...".

... On July 6, 1978, Joseph Dryer told the House Select Committee on Assassinations that he and Mohrenschildt were associated with a woman named Jacqueline Lancelot.
Dryer's relationship with Lancelot included passing messages for her to people in the United States whom Dryer assumed were connected in some way to the CIA. Dryer said in the interview that Lancelot told him shortly after the Kennedy assassination that a substantial sum of money, $200,000 or $250,000, had been deposited in Mohrenschildt's account. Dryer said that Mohrenschildt had claimed he came to Haiti to scout for oil, but Dryer stated that "I could never figure out what he did."

Dryer expressed the belief that Mohrenschildt had "some intelligence connection".
... Congressional researcher Gaeton Fonzi noted that in late 1963 "several large deposits popped up in de Mohrenschildt's Haitian bank account including one for two hundred thousand dollars from a Bahamian bank". ...

In a 1976 CIA internal memo regarding Mohrenschildt, Director George H. W. Bush stated: "At one time he had / or spent plenty of money."

Brief on J. Walton Moore:
James Walton Moore, employed by the FBI since April 1940, begins service in the U.S. Navy on 6 January 1945. He was in Tsingtao China in 1948; the same time Robert Emmett Johnson was there. Although James Walton Moore's employment is listed as being "FBI Washington DC" from January 1942 to January 1945, his residence is listed as being "San Francisco, Calif." from 1942 to 1945. J. Walton Moore died on the 18th of June, 2006. In 1963 J. Walton Moore was employed by the Central Intelligence Agency in Dallas, Tex., in the Domestic Contacts Division. According to Moore's CIA personnel file, he was assigned to the Domestic Contacts Division in 1948.
"... In an Agency memorandum dated April 13, 1977, contained in George de Mohrenschildt's CIA file, Moore set forth facts to counter a claim which had been recently made by WFAA-TV in Dallas that Lee Harvey Oswald was employed by the CIA and that Moore knew Oswald. In that memo, Moore is quoted as saying that according to his records the last time he talked to George de Mohrenschildt was in the fall of 1961. ... Moore said that he had no recollection of any conversation with de Mohrenschildt: First, in the spring of 1958 to discuss the mutual interest the two couples had in mainland China: and then in the fall of 1961 when the de Mohrenschildts showed films of their Latin American walking trip".
By Richard Booth on 3 Sep 1997:
"...According to DeM, Dallas CIA official J. Walton Moore first mentioned Oswald to him in late 1961 - when Oswald was still in Minsk. According to Richard Case Nagell and DeM himself, Demohrenshildt "debriefed" Oswald for the CIA. From August 1962 to October 1963, Richard Nagell was intermittently employed as an informant and / or investigator for the CIA. In April of 1963, Nagell conducted an inquiry concerning the marital status of Marina Oswald and her reported desire to return to the USSR. During July, August and September Nagell conducted an inquiry into the activities of Lee Harvey Oswald, and the allegation that he had established a Fair Play for Cuba Committee in New Orleans. Former CIA finance officer James Wilcott testified to the House Select Comittee on Assassinations in 1977 that "he learned that Oswald was paid by the CIA while still stationed at Atsugi."

Wikipedia said:
Mohrenschildt testified to the Warren Commission in 1964 that he had met the Oswalds through George Bouhe. When he asked 'Do you think it is safe for us to help Oswald',

Bouhe said he had checked with the FBI.

Mohrenschildt also stated that he believed he had discussed Oswald with Max Clark, whom he believed was connected with the FBI, and with J. Walton Moore, whom Mohrenschildt described as "a Government man - either FBI or Central Intelligence", and who had debriefed Mohrenschildt several times following his travels abroad, starting in 1957.
... When interviewed in 1978 by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, J. Walton Moore said that he had no recollection of any conversation with Mohrenschildt concerning Oswald.

... According to Mohrenschildt, J. Walton Moore flatly denied that the CIA was involved in any way.

By Ralph Lopez Nov 8, 2013 in Politics:

"...On March 29, De Mohrenschildt granted an interview to author Edward Jay Epstein, during which he claimed that in 1962, Dallas CIA operative J. Walton Moore had given him the go-ahead to meet Oswald. "I would never have contacted Oswald in a million years if Moore had not sanctioned it," de Mohrenschildt said. On the same day as the interview, De Mohrenschildt was contacted by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA.) That afternoon, he was found dead from a shotgun blast to the head. The verdict was suicide. Rep. Richardson Preyer, a member of the HSCA, said De Mohrenschildt was a "crucial witness."...".

"...It has long been known that, before his death, Oswald's "best friend" George DeMohrenschildt admitted that local CIA man J. Walton Moore had suggested that George strike up an acquaintance with Oswald. In corroboration for Marina's statement above are the released documents showing that Ruth Paine's sister worked for the CIA, and her father was an informant to it. Another case is Priscilla Johnson, the reporter who interviewed Oswald in Moscow and later wrote 'Marina and Lee'. Documents show that she applied for a job at the CIA, but was turned down, but was also viewed as a potential "witting asset" for the Agency. If Lee Oswald was not a U.S. intelligence agent, he was certainly surrounded by them. ...",
by Rex Bradford in November 2001.

Michael Ralph Paine, born in 1928, engineer, he was an acquaintance of the President's purported assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. His wife, Ruth Hyde Paine, housed Lee's estranged wife, Marina Oswald. Lee Harvey Oswald stored the rifle that he used to assassinate U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Ruth Paine's garage. In 1959 Michael Paine got a job with Bell Helicopter in Fort Worth, and the Paines moved into a house in the suburb of Irving - Michael Paine's step-father, Arthur M. Young, invented the Bell Helicopter.

As liberals in Dallas, the Paines were isolated.

His wife - Ruth Paine had been studying Russian since 1957, participated in the East-West Contact Committee
{The American Committee for East-West Accord is the name of two related organizations - 1974 / 1977, founding members included George F. Kennan, Stephen F. Cohen, Jerome Wiesner, and Theodore Hesburgh. "... that "common sense" should determine U.S. trade policy with the USSR, specifically, that the U.S. should avoid economic boycotts and sanctions against the Soviet Union as such measures rarely worked. Instead, it argued, expanding American-Soviet trade would help advance the cause of d?tente..."};
sponsored visits by three Soviets to the US. In 1963 she signed up to teach a summer class in Russian at St. Mark's School in Dallas.

Ruth Paine met the Oswalds through her interest in Russian, in Everett Glover home
[the testimony of Everett D. Clover was taken on March 24, 1964, in the office of the U.S. attorney, in Dallas, Tex., by Mr. Albert E. Jenner, Jr.: "... June 2, 1955, I took a position with Socony Mobil Oil Co. ...
I met Marina first at the home of George De Mohrenschildt. ... I am not able to say when she (Marina) came to the De Mohrenschildts. Marina came to the De Mohrenschildts several times. ... Oswald had gone to Russia to live and had become a citizen.
... I have started to study Russian in connection with scientific work, because it is very valuable to be able to speak Russian, and I have always wanted to learn to speak Russian, but somehow I never got to do this..."],

on February 22, 1963 because he thought she would be interested in meeting people who spoke Russian. The party was arranged by Oswald's friend, 51-year-old Russian emigre George de Mohrenschildt, petroleum geologist with intelligence connections. The Paines and Oswalds spent much time together after the party.

Ruth befriended Marina.

Ruth Paine drove Marina Oswald to New Orleans when the Oswalds moved there in May 1963 and back to Dallas when they moved again in September 1963. Marina and Lee's child, June, moved in with Ruth Paine the suburb of Irving, Texas while Lee stayed in a boarding house under the name O. H. Lee.
"...Marina helped with the housework and Ruth's Russian studies while Lee visited on weekends. By this time Michael and Ruth had separated, ... Michael was a frequent visitor. At the suggestion of a neighbor, Ruth Paine told Lee Oswald about a job opportunity at the Texas School Book Depository".

Lee Harvey Oswald stayed at the Paine home with Marina and his children unannounced on Thursday night, November 21, 1963.

"...When Oswald left for work on the morning of November 22, he brought a large package that he had kept in the Paine's garage with him to work at the Texas School Book Depository".
Now brief explanation:
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
is a nonpartisan nonprofit organization whose defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties ... It works through litigation and lobbying. ... Current positions of the ACLU include: ...

supporting same-sex marriage and the right of LGBT people to adopt; supporting birth control and abortion rights; eliminating discrimination against women, minorities, and LGBT people...

The ACLU consists of two separate organizations: the American Civil Liberties Union, and the ACLU Foundation.
The ACLU was founded in 1920 by Helen Keller, Roger Baldwin, Crystal Eastman, Walter Nelles, Morris Ernst, Albert DeSilver, Arthur Garfield Hays, Jane Addams, Felix Frankfurter, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,
"...and its focus was on freedom of speech, primarily for anti-war protesters".

Many of the ACLU's cases involved the defense of Communist party members and Jehovah's Witnesses.
Above
Felix Frankfurter (1882 - 1965) was an lawyer, who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
He became a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Frankfurter was born into a Jewish family in 1882, in Vienna, Austria; son of Leopold Frankfurter, a merchant, and Emma Winter; uncle, Solomon Frankfurter, was head librarian at the Vienna University Library;
Frankfurter's forebears had been rabbis for generations.

At margin:

Jozef Hieronim Retinger (17 April 1888 - 12 June 1960) was a Polish political adviser.
Since 1906 in Paris, among his new friends was the Marquis de Castellane, and an artists from Left Bank cafes; 1908 docteur of Sorbonne, next Univ. of Munich, Florence ca 1907?, 1908 met masonry in London, 1911 Cracow under procection of Count Zamoyski and the Godebski family, and again in 1911 or 1912 to London, 1912 return to Cracow, married Otylia Zubrzycka; sometimes to Paris and again London where Jozef Hieronim Retinger opened a bureau of the Supreme National Council; met with Joseph Conrad, 1914 ? and next he fled to Spain and met L. N. Morones and P. E. Calles,
moved in 1917 to Mexico; Jozef Hieronim Retinger travelled to USA and met Felix Frankfurter and Sir Edward Bedington-Behrens. Felix Frankfurter b. 1882, in Vienna and immigrated to New York, Harvard Law School, friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1939; was born into a Jewish family of Leopold Frankfurter, a merchant;
Felix Frankfurter worked for Tenement House Department of New York City, friend with Walter Lippmann and Horace Kallen; an editor of the Harvard Law Review; law firm of Hornblower, Byrne, Miller & Potter in 1906, assistant to Henry Stimson, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York; law officer of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, used a donation from the financier Jacob Schiff to create a position;
was appointed Judge Advocate General, supervising military courts-martial for the War Department; he was encouraged by Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis to become more
involved in Zionism.

In 1918, he participated in the founding conference of the American Jewish Congress in Philadelphia; 1919, Frankfurter served as a Zionist delegate to the Paris Peace Conference.
Roosevelt nominated Frankfurter to the Supreme Court in 1939 (to 1962).

During 1st World War and after Jozef Hieronim Retinger met in England with
Stafford Cripps,
Winston Churchill,
Marshall Horatio Herbert Lord Kitchener.

In Paris since 1906:
with Georges Clemenceau, Paul Valery, Andre Gide, Maurice Ravel; in 1916 in Paris met with Arthur Capel, 1924 to Edmund Dene Morel in London.

In 1917 Jozef Hieronim Retinger traveled to Mexico, where he became an unofficial political adviser to union organizer Luis Morones and President Plutarco Eloas Calles.

Later, during World War II, he advised the Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile, General Władysław Sikorski.

After 1930 Jozef Hieronim Retinger co-operated with Sikorski, Korfanty, Kot, Popiel, Witos and Paderewski.

Mentioned
Helen Adams Keller (1880 - 1968) was an American political activist;
"...a member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, antimilitarism...".

Back to PAINE:
Michael Ralph Paine b. 1928;
his mother was
Ruth Forbes Young, financial backer of International Peace Academy;
"... a founder of the International Peace Academy in 1970. She also co-founded Berkeley's Institute for the Study of Consciousness with her third husband, Arthur M. Young. ... the daughter of Ralph Emerson Forbes and Elise Cabot. She was a great-granddaughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson and a niece of William Cameron Forbes (Governor-General of the Philippines 1908 - 1913). ...

Forbes married architect Lyman Paine in the mid-1920s...".

Note:
The International Peace Institute / IPI / the International Peace Academy,
policy development institution; chairman of the Board of Directors:
Rita Hauser / Rita Eleanor (Abrams), born of Jewish parents;
Hauser was the daughter of Nathan and Frieda (Litt) Abrams.

Vice Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer of The International Peace Institute:
Mortimer Benjamin Zuckerman, owner, Editor-in-Chief and Publisher of the New York Daily News newspaper
and U. S. News and World Report magazine; Mortimer Benjamin "Mort" Zuckerman born in 1937, in Montreal, Canada, the son of Esther and Abraham Zuckerman;
family was Jewish, and his grandfather was an Orthodox rabbi.

Back to Michael Ralph Paine:
Paine worked at Bartol Research Foundation in Swarthmore; then worked for his mother's third husband Arthur M. Young, making helicopter models in Pennsylvania. In 1958, Paine became employed at Bell Helicopter through Young;
"...on February 22, 1963, Ruth Paine attended a party ... at the home of Everett Glover, who knew Ruth spoke Russian and thought she would be interested in meeting a couple he knew, Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald. ...

Michael met the Oswalds for the first time on April 2, 1963. when he picked up Lee, Marina, and their baby daughter, June at their apartment at 214 West Neely Street in Dallas so that they could join with him in the small meet and greet dinner Mrs. Paine had cooked for them ...

Lee Harvey Oswald rented a room in Dallas but stored some of his possessions in Paine's garage, including a supposed rifle wrapped in a blanket which Paine thought to be camping equipment. Paine's wife helped Oswald get a job at the Texas School Book Depository. ...

In 1964, Paine testified that he was a member of [named above] the American Civil Liberties Union".

Rita Eleanor (Abrams) b. 1934
[in 2001, George W. Bush and Barack Obama (in 2009) appointed her to the President's Intelligence Advisory Board],
and her genealogy:

she married Gustave M. Hauser, the Chairman and CEO of Hauser Communications, Inc.
{co-operated with 'Women in Informal Employment: 'Globalizing and Organizing' ie. WIEGO};
she come from the Jewish parents:
Frieda (Fanny) Abramoff (Abrams), died in 1953,
married Nathan Abramoff (Abrams), 1878 - 1955,
the son of Charles David Abramoff
[b. 1845 in ?; the son of
Hyman Nayach HaCohen Abramowitz, b. ca 1820 in Russia, and Sylvia Herman b. 1820 in the Russian Empire,
acc. to me - in Vilna (1891) or Ilya (1898)

{Ilja / Ilya is a village in Belarus, 34 km south-east-south to Wilejka / Vileyka, belonged to
the Radzivills,
leased by SAWICKI; then to
Sollohub in the 18th cent.;
General SOLTYK until 1804, sold to
General ZDZIECHOWSKI;
but in 1806, to the hands of the Minsk Marshal, Jozef WOLODKOWICZ, 1765-1822, and his wife KAROLINA Brzostowski b. ca 1762

(Jozef Wolodkowicz was the son of Michal Wolodkowicz, 1712 - 1790.
Jozef was next of kin to Jozef Chrapowicki, ca 1750 - 1812, the son of Eustachy Chrapowicki.

MICHAL Wolodkowicz was the son of
Franciszek Antoni Wolodkowicz b. 1680 + Zofia WANKOWICZ born ca 1690

{Zofia was the daughter of Teodor Antoni Wankowicz, 1670 - 1709,
and the granddaughter of Piotr Wankowicz b. ca 1620, and Anna Gluszynska.

Named Piotr Wankowicz, officer in Minsk, Belarus, owner of Wolma and Skarabagatawa farm in the Minsk county in 1654, died before 1670, married to Anna / Hanna Dunin - Gluszynska of Wolkowysk;
his son was Stanislaw Wankowicz b. ca 1652. Above Stanislaw Wankowicz of Smolany north-west of Orsha, bought from Tomasz Cedrowski and Katarzyna nee Drucka-Lubecka, Siemionkowicze, and Slobodka / Slobudka in the Minsk county in 1672, landowner of Domaszewicze / Damashevichi, in the Minsk county in 1682, 1st married to Krystyna Cedrowska, 2nd to Hanna Korsak / Anna of Polock.
All sons of above Stanislaw:
Kazimierz Wankowicz;
Andrzej Wankowicz killed in 1700 near Olkienniki;
Tomasz Wankowicz, officer in Minsk in 1704, exiled in 1706, died before 1746, married Teofila Korsak;
Jan Antoni Wankowicz, officer in Minsk - 06.10.1744, owner of Zabaszewicze in the Minsk county in 1753, d. before 1766, married Katarzyna Brzuchowski / Bruchanska / Brzuchanska;
Emercjanna / Emerencjana, m. Michal Rowinski of the Dobrzyn county.

Mentioned Jan Antoni Wankowicz had sons:
Aleksander + lady Hrehorowicz;
and Mateusz Wankowicz m. in 1750 to Katarzyna Janiszewski
with sons:
Kasper + Eleonora MAKOWIECKA, and
Jozef Wankowicz + Marianna b. ca 1775.

Jan Antoni Wankowicz had also son Piotr Wankowicz.

Above Mateusz Wankowicz (Mateusz m. in 1750 to Katarzyna Janiszewski) was son of Jan WANKOWICZ that is Jan Antoni Wankowicz and Katarzyna Brzuchowski},

the grandson of Marcin Kazimierz Wolodkowicz and Helena KOSTROWICKA.

Karolina Wolodkowicz Brzostowska
was the daughter of Stanislaw Brzostowski and Teofila Radziwill, b. ca 1743,
the granddaughter of Jozef Brzostowski, 1692-1745, the Smolensk governor.
The Wolodkowiczs of Dekszniany; Brzostowski in 1710 in MICHALISZKI and in 1796; the Brzostowskis from Mosarz in the Glebokie county).

A note to Brzostowski:
Jozef Mikuta was born 1816, to Mateusz Mikuta and Marianna. Jozef married Marianna Karp; 2nd he married to Katarzyna Marianna Bernatowicz born Karp {maybe with son JOZEF MIKUTA junior born ca 1855}.
Marianna KARP was born in 1818, in Krylatka, the Sztabin district, the estate in 1827 owned by Karol Brzostowski, Count, Captain. In 1820 Brzostowski introduced social reforms in above KRYLATKA.
Karol Brzostowski b. 1796, d. 1854 in PARIS. KAROL was grandson of
Stanislaw Brzostowski + Konstancja Radziwill and / or Teofila Magdalena Radziwill Brzostowska d. 1769.
Teofila Magdalena Radziwill = Teofila Magdalena Fersen / Brzostowska / born Radziwill in 1745,
had the daughter
Karolina Wolodkowicz nee Brzostowska.

TEOFILA'S parents:
Leon Michal Radziwill, 1722-1751 + Anna Luiza Mycielska 1729-1771.
Teofila's husbands:
1. Hermann Gustav Fersen, Russian General, son of
Georg Johann von Fersen + Anna Elisabeth von Derfelden;
2. the 2nd to Stanislaw Brzostowski 1733-1769, the son of Jozef Brzostowski, 1692 - 1745 + Ludwika Maria Sadowska.

Karol Brzostowski, b. 1796, d. 1854 in PARIS, was born in Michaliszki close to Worniany and Swir; north-east to Wilno.
KRYLATKA - 26 km south-east to AUGUSTOW - see: WOLLOWICZ.

Mentioned Leon Michal Radziwill, 1722 - 1751, was the son of
Michael Antoni Radziwill / Duke Michal Antoni Radziwill, b. 1687 - Kletsk, d. 1721 in Uciecha, the Barysauski rajon / the Borysow district.
and the grandson of prince Dominik Mikolay Radziwill.

The FERSEN family:
1.
Ct Alexis Bobrinsky, b. St. Petersburg in 1893, d. London in 1971;
m. 1st in St.Petersburg in 1915 to Css Natalia Fersen (b. Paris in 1890);
m. 2d Paris in 1940 to Olga Kosolup-Pchenitchny;
m. 3d to Css Olga de Bertren.
2.
Ct Alexander Schouwalow / Szuwalow / Shuvalov, b. Vartemiagui in 1881, d. London 1935;
m. 1st in St.Petersburg in 1903 (div) Pss Helene Demidova di San Donato (b. St. Petersburg in 1884, d. Florence in 1959);
m. 2d in Paris in 1916 to Css Sophia Fersen (b. St. Petersburg 1888, d. Davos in 1927).
3.
Pawel SCHUVALOV younger (Schouwalov; Schuwalov) b. 1830,
m. 1st in 1855 to Pss Olga Belosselsky-Belozersky and
m. 2nd to Maria Aleksandrovna Komarov;
his son named Aleksander b. in Vartemiagui in 1881,
m. 1st in 1903 (div) Pss Jelena Demidov di San Donato / Elena Demidov, b. St.Petersburg 1884 - died in Florence in 1959,
m. 2nd in 1916 to Sophia Gfn von Fersen;

Jelena / Elena b. Switzerland, Vevey in 1864 - d. Paris 1932,
m. in Batignolles 1881 to Ct Andrei Bobrinsky (d. Paris);
she was daughter of Pjotr (b. 1819), and grand-daughter of
Pawel SCHUVALOV older (b. 1776)
m. Pss Barbara Szachowska / Warwara Shakhovsky (b. 1796),
the great grand-daughter of Andrei (b. 1743 - above mentioned!) m. Css Jekaterina Petrovna Saltykov (d. Rome 1816).

Russian killed in Ilja ca 200 Polish insurgents in 1863/1864 - strong emigration from Belarus after 1865 ? -
but we know also on the Abramowitz family in Panevezys, Mazeikiai / Mozejki, and in Plunge, Lithuania at present}]

+ Frieda (Fanny) Abramoff (Abrams).

It was on North Rd that a shot was fired from a smoothbore weapon at my bus, but bullet hit 3 meters in front of me in the window glass. I have interesting photos. Approximately 7 minutes earlier, a woman, 53 years old, maybe 50 years old, round face, very made-up cosmetics / painted, orange hair, slim legs, sat down in front of me and watched me in the mirror while painting her face. The shot was at 11.52 / 11.54 on 11th November 2019, Monday.
Based on the analysis of events, starting from the shot to the city bus on which I was traveling on November 11, 2019, 11.53, you can still point to [morning 16 November 2019]: a Gypsy observer at the bus stop, where I boarded around 11.30. The Poles worked it out as originating in Serbia.
So let's give some conclusions linking the Polish Foreign Civil Intelligence Agency with international homosexual-liberal ideology, created in Moscow, and let's do it an hour after the described shot [11 November 2019]. It is a mix of European nations - the "famous" minority controls the whole, although they are rootless people, atheists hiding their origin, with only one purpose: money. It is a racist, nationalist and strongly xenophobic, anti-Polish and aggressive structure. They are helped by a second national minority injured during an extermination during World War II by Germans. Mainly they are going from Poland [the center near Wloclawek - Osiecz Wielka - Chocen], Romania [incl. Ploiesti], Spain [Andalusia], Latvia [Rezekne], Estonia [Viljandi], Lithuania [Ignalino], assisted from minority in the USA, Russia, England and Berlin. They are supported by homosexuals, feminists, the abortion movement, the mentally ill peoples, drug addicts [hashish], Negroes [Senegal, Ghana, Jamaica, Tanzania], and the whole is headed by the Russian Army from the Kremlin.

Amazing but true. In 1955, Soviet communists established in Poland the first counterintelligence hearing installation for my family.
The monitoring was carried out by a woman brought down from the village of Leszno near Przasnysz. The village Leszno is situated near Krasne.

Krasne was the property of the Krasinski family.
Among others bishop Adam Krasinski from Kamieniec Podolski. Bishop Krasinski was there in 1767; he and Carsten Niebur.

Bishop was in friendly social relations with the Stadnicki family, and Grabianka - the Illuminati.

Niebuhr returned from India, but he was in Malta in 1761.
After him, in 1762, here was Cagliostro - Illuminati in Malta.
Pinto, head of the Maltese Order, was also Illuminati and was in Malta from 1741.
The French invasion of Malta -
then ruled by the Order of St. John and the Grand-Master Hompesch who was pro-Austrian - by the French First Republic led by Napoleon in June 1798,
was the revenge of France and Napoleon at the Maltese Order; it was obvious. And Russia's help to the Maltese Order was clear and obvious.

The invasion ended the 268-year-long Hospitaller rule in Malta. The Grand Master and many of 332 knights left the island, and the Tsar Paul I offered final assistance to the Order, raising money from Polish 'Commanderies' and founded the Grand Priory of Russia (1797).
Paul I of Russia was proclaimed Grand Master by some knights. The Order evolved into the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
In 1800 Malta Protectorate was under British protection. Then the island was a British Crown colony in 1813.

Mentioned above woman from Leszno near Krasne and Przasnysz is one neighbor-family group with a young lawyer from the Internal Security Agency in Poland, which led another eavesdropping installation, around the next apartment of my family, but not in 1955, only after 2001.
Previously ie. 1983-2000, above flat for Security Services, and monitoring, was registered on a name of a resident in Chocen near Wloclawek, near to Wieniec and Bedkow - assets taken over by Leopold Kronenberg. Leopold Kronenberg was the creator of the assimilation ideology among national minorities in the 70s of the 19th century.

The Kronenberg family was very friendly with The Krasinskis.
And now we have a branch: Brzezno, Wieniec and Bedkow - to the Krasinskis of Przasnysz - Krasne, for 40 years until the end of the 19th century.

WLOCLAWEK - KOWAL - CHOCEN and the Madalinski family with ties to the modern communist intelligence network [+ Izbica Kujawska and Inowroclaw - Pakosc]:
Borzymowice, 4 km west to Chocen [Necki - Sikora clan + Baran of Nowa Ruda - compare Olga Tokarczuk with abortion and homosexual movement].
Chocen - 13 km south-west to KOWAL [Jaroslaw Slota].
Chocen - 20/25 km south to Wloclawek. A dentist of Chocen, J. Slota, the net of underground communist movement in July 1983 until 2001 [+ PM Miller, Bogucka, to Wodkiewicz - Jaworska of a village Leszno close to Krasne, the estate of the Krasinskis - the net to Rohatyn and Kamieniec Podolski; compare Frankists].
Along with contemporary events around Necki, Daszewska, with the village Borzymowice, in the administrative district of Chocen, within Wloclawek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Borzymowice 4 km west to CHOCEN.
And brief note to SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI - 12/13 km north-west to Radziejow
[RADZIEJOW - Maciej Mielzynski was the district administrator of Radziejow in 1762; he was living 1733-1793; the son of Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, b. 1682 and Krystyna Skalawska; the father of Prokop Mielzynski]; 20 km west to RUSZKI
[ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska (1729-after 1784), the daughter of Andrzej Uminski and Apolinara Niemojewski; she was widowed in 1784; b. in Pieranie and married in 1743 to Michal Slubicki (ca 1710-before 1784), the Bydgoszcz official, with children:
Apolinara Justyna Slubicka (b. 1743, in Sobiesiernie, the Pieranie parish - north-west-north to RADZIEJOW).
Pieranie - 22 km north-west to RUSZKI and 26 km north-west to BADKOWO.
Sobiesiernie - 1 km west to PIERANIE and 27 km north-west to BADKOWO.
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki [17 km north-east of Radziejow], Krotoszyn [7 km south-east to Ruszki], Pocierzyn [west to Ruszki], Wysocie [Wysocin, east to named Krotoszyn] -
see the granddaughter of JAKUB Kiedrzynski ! - close to Badkowo.
Ksawera Franciszek Uminska with son Adam Kasper Mieroslawski born 1785 in Ruszki near Krotoszyn the village, close to BADKOWO, Wieniec and Brzezie; died on November 16, 1837 in Bar-le-Duc];

21 km west-south-west to Koscielna Wies

[compare: the children of Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730, of Ruszki; he in 1746 bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; an official in Brzesc KUJAWSKI {see - Maciej Igor Wojtczak - acted with Andrzej Pisz}; m. Teresa Besiekierski, d. 1798.

And grandchildren of Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / Wysocin.
Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO; west to BRZEZIE and west to Wloclawek; bef 1750 the estate also included Krotoszyn and Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish; the owners:
ca 1750 - Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska.
His descendant - Onufry Uminski, grandfather of Wladyslaw Uminski (1865 -1954), writer];

26 km west to BADKOWO

[Bedkowo - BADKOWO, 15 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski. JAN Madalinski was the grandfather of GENERAL Antoni Madalinski. Jan Madalinski b. 1665/1670; then he was living in BADKOWO after a death of his wife Marjanna Klobski ca 1704; he became a priest in BADKOWO parish ca 1705. His daughter Franciszka + Jozef Kicki, inf. 1754 about Franciszka and her brother - Jozef.

Great-grandfather of General Antoni Madalinski:
Feliks Jan, MADALINSKI, b. 1630, married Katarzyna Porczynski, b. ca 1650.

Osiecz Wielki is situated 10 km south-west of Chocen; 10 km north-west of CHODECZ; east of Izbica Kujawska; south of Wloclawek, BADKOWO and Brzesc Kujawski.
Osiecz Wielki - here was born Jacek Plater in 1932, son of Count and landowner. Jacek come from Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater, b. 1791 in Pinsk, d. 1854, the son of Jozef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater, b. in SZADEK in 1750.
Jozef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750 was the son of PETRONELA NAGORSKA and Wilhelm Jan Plater, 1715 - d. 1769 in Vilnius,
who was the son of Jan Plater and Elena Filipina OGINSKA, b. ca 1694 in Mogilev by Dniepr river.

Elena Filipina OGINSKA was the sister of Michal Antoni Oginski b. 1696 in Stakliskes - north-east of Alytus / Olita];

near Bodzanowo - west to Ruszki and BADKOWO

[Bodzanowo / Bodzanowek is a village in the Dobre commune, within the Radziejow County. The village in the Radziejow county, near to Dobre; the royal village, which L. Mielzynski since 1616 has received in the pledge; in 1789 - Aleksander Modlinski. 1795 - gen. Henryk Rudolf Bischofswerder; the village is situated 11 /12 km west of BADKOWO - that is 14 / 15 km east to above SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI];

37 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski

{Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Jozef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847 [note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

Nepomucena Pradzynska married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski, ca 1810 to ca 1825, a son of Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846, and Marianna Radziminska.
Nepomucena's children:
Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Michal MADALINSKI, m. 2nd (?) time to Katarzyna Rudzki, with children:
Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski;
and Franciszek Madalinski, the priest in Kruszwica and in Brzesc Kujawski in 1724;
also the son Samuel Madalinski,
Lukasz Madalinski,
Walenty Madalinski.

Above Samuel Madalinski in 1731 was the owner of CHOCEN.
Samuel Madalinski died before 1738, left children with his wife Wiktorja Wierzbowski: Jakob Madalinski and Eufrozyna Madalinska + Jakob Krasnicki.
Mentioned Jakob Madalinski in 1748 was the owner of Cerekwia / CEREKIEW, 8/9 km west to RADOM. But sold this property - he was living close to Brzesc Kujawski and KOWAL.

Above Lukasz Madalinski, official in KOWAL close to Wloclawek, in 1727, in 1748; he bought a part of named above Cerekiew in 1748;
his brother - Walenty Madalinski - inf. 1767. Married Ewa Estka, with the daughter
Teresa + Stanislaw Dambski in 1771, official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI. Teresa died after 1796.

Lukasz's son - Zenon Bonawentura Madalinski.

Named above Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN; m. Helena Umiastowski,
with the son - Jozef Madalinski, and daughter - Franciszka Krystyna, born in 1734 m. 1st to Piotr Skarbek; 2nd she married to Kasper Slawinski - official in KONIN in 1782.

Mentioned here Jozef Madalinski, official in Inowroclaw [compare Tadeusz Wolanski and PAKOSC; and a modern homosexual movement] in 1770, and in Kowal in 1770;
died in 1775;
his aunt Skarbkowa / Skarbek, had a court case about Borzymowice and Laki Markowe in 1775 with the Parliament envoy; they took Swietoslawice in 1778 [4 km south to IZBICA KUJAWSKA].
Jozef Madalinski married Teodora Polichnowska, with sons:
Ludwik Madalinski the son probably to the 1st wife Teodora Modlinski;
and Aleksy Antoni Madalinski, b. June 1762; and a daughters.
In 1796 a court case vs Libiszowski; in 1797 Ludwik Madalinski and his son Aleksy Madalinski bought Kieszkow / KIESZEK, Cerekiew and Zatopolice, from General Antoni Madalinski.

Kieszek close to Radom [20 km north-east to Radom].
Zatopolice west to CEREKIEW - both situated 12 and 8 km west to RADOM}.

Named above Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN; m. Helena Umiastowski, with the son - Jozef Madalinski, and daughter - Franciszka Krystyna, born in 1734 m. 1st to Piotr Skarbek; 2nd she married to Kasper Slawinski - official in KONIN in 1782.

Cerekiew
- 12 km north-west to Mazowszany of the POPIEL family [Woroniecki - Brzezinski branch].

The Roman noble family lived in the Krasinski circle - it was Zbigniew Brzezinski's mother.

Brzezno, Wieniec and Bedkow are near Brzesc Kujawski, Wloclawek, Chocen and Kowal - here there is a strong communist underground in the Polish counterintelligence apparatus and near me in 1981 - 2014.
They are supplemented by a similar group from Opoczno - Przysucha - Mariowka [close to the Kiedrzynskis estate ie. my family !].
And a group of Suwalki [Lowczynski] - Raczki - Olecko.

From the Wloclawek and from Przasnysz to Mlawa, came the Szymanowskis and Wolowski - Brzezinski families - and the Roman clan connected with family Chosciak-Popiel / Popiel - Woroniecki - Krasinski.
These families lived near Przasnysz and near Rozan. Rozan was the residence of Bronislaw Geremek / Lewartow, in the 2nd half of the 20th century.

To this whole puzzle dating back to 1767 and Niebuhr in Kamieniec Podolski, and ended in 2019, let's add the family Kiedrzynski, which was bound by ties of PSARSKI - MADALINSKI - WALKNOWSKI - PRADZYNSKI.

Let us remember that Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were the creators of ideology [40's of the 19th cent.] about the inequalities of people due to nationality. They divided the nations of Europe into better and worse ones.

Currently, a strong social movement is operating in Poland, in 2019, on the faith of persons from national minorities and sexual minorities, and managed by neo-communists, now repainted as 'liberals'.
These people have one main feature - hatred for Poles and Poland, ruled by the current right-wing camp [in September 2019].

All this powerful structure has headquarters in Inowroclaw in Kujawy - if we are talking about current Poland. But what's interesting, in the first quarter of the 19th century Tadeusz Wolanski, slavophilist and alchemist, right here was a head of the German administration.

Mentioned Tadeusz Wolanski was the owner of Pakosc, not far from Inowroclaw.
The family of Czolgosz from Belarus, of the Grodno region, then lived in Pakosc. Leon Czolgosz murdered US President McKinley in 1901.
But Leon Czolgosz claimed that Emma Goldman was the main driver of the action, and her family came from SZAWLE, where Tadeusz Wolanski was also born, the son of an alchemist at the court of the King Stanislaw Poniatowski.

Emma Goldman around 1900/1910 was the main ideologist of the lesbian and feminist movement.

On 16th September 2019 TVP.Info - supporting the current Polish government in Poland - informed that an anti-Polish structure operates in Inowroclaw, which spreads hatred, depends on the 'SilniRazem' website.
'Strong Together' / 'SilniRazem' is headed by a homosexual. All his activity was - from March 2019 until August 2019 - subordinate to the neo-communist party dependent on Leszek Miller of Lodz.

From September 2019 'SilniRazem' became the ideological tool of the Civic Coalition.
And in this way we came back to Inowroclaw and Tadeusz Wolanski, who founded two Masons' lodges in the first half of the 19th century, in WLOCLAWEK.
It's just in WLOCLAWEK is the center of the pro-Soviet underground [Lipno; Brzesc Kujawski, around Aleksandrow Kujawski, Wloclawek, Kowal and Chocen] from the second half of the 20th century, and also in the years 2010/2018 - a conspiracy operating abroad also around my person [March 2019 until 29 August 2019].

Notes about named LIPNO:

LIPNO is small town north of the city Wloclawek - here military service served Lech Walesa. And we accidentally came across Polish Facebook and head of this online portal, Mrs. Barthel.

Comparison:

Nadroz close to Rogowo, in the Rypin county. The village belonged to Nadrowski, and then at the end of 18th cent. to Balinski and Kretkowski; ca 1812 Adam Nadrowski taken all estate.
Nadroz ca 1850 bought Wilhelm Fryderyk Barthel von Weidenthal, who was an administrator of Antoni Suminski estate in Zbojno. Then in 1856 to his son Alfred Kalikst Barthel. 1886 Nadroz with Balin belonged to Alfred Jozef Barthel, the son of Alfred Kalikst Barthel. The last in Nadroz - to 1939 - was Artur Barthel, son of Alfred Jozef Barthel who acted also in Rypin.
Nadroz - 9 km south of RYPIN; north of Wloclawek and LIPNO.
See Swiedziebnia - 16 km north-east of RYPIN;
Brzezno near to Lipno [see Golub-Dobrzyn and PLOCK !]; Marianowo, in the Rypin County, close to Golub-Dobrzyn and RYPIN - 13 km north-west of RYPIN.

CHOCEN close to KOWAL and Izbica Kujawska [see my history since 1981].
Brzezie, BADKOWO and Wieniec - west of Wloclawek [the core of Leopold Kronenberg estates - ideologist of Polish Jews, seeking to assimilate].

Barthel de Weydenthal - in BEDKOW or BADKOWO and also BRZEZIE
[KRONENBERG - see Tyminska and Cardinal Wojtyla], 7 km east of Bedkow / BADKOWO.

Brzezie - west of WLOCLAWEK [see Lipno and Plock !], close to Radziejow and Brzesc Kujawski / Brzesc Kujawski. BRZEZIE was the land property of Jozef Dambski, b. ca 1810, the son of Jozef Walenty Dambski, b. 1777 and Marcjanna Marianna Leszczynska born 1785.
Jozef Dambski's great-grandparents:
Tomasz Dambski of Inowroclaw, 1690-1748;
and
Lukasz Madalinski of Kowal, b. 1700

[Michal MADALINSKI m. Katarzyna Rudzki, with children:
1. Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski,
2. Franciszek Madalinski, the priest in Kruszwica, and in Brzesc Kujawski (?) in 1724;
3. Samuel Madalinski;
4. mentioned above Lukasz Madalinski;
5. and the last - Walenty Madalinski.

Samuel MADALINSKI in 1731 secured the money and gave it to a comission - from the Chocen estate close to KOWAL and Wloclawek - at hands of Anna Stempczynski married Gostkowska;
also SAMUEL with his brothers - Lukasz Madalinski and Walenty Madalinski, signed and chose the King Stanislaw Leszczynski in the Brzesc Kujawski county. Samuel Madalinski d. bef. 1738, left children with his wife - Wiktoria Wierzbowski Madalinska].

Russian and Soviet intelligence carried out two coups in the US: 1901 and in 1963. It was one and the same organization that in 1917/1918 worked in Bolshevik Russia without a break and without change.
Acc. to Longin Pastusiak on 19 July 2019:
"... In 1976, the House of Representatives set up a special commission. The commission published the report on July 17, 1979, which answered some questions, but also gave birth to many new ones. The report agreed with the conclusions of the Warren Commission that Oswald shot President Kennedy, but did not agree with the conclusion that he acted alone. Studies of acoustic experts have shown that it is highly likely that two people shot. "The commission believes (...) that President Kennedy probably fell victim to the conspiracy."
But the commission was unable to identify the second killer. On the basis of acoustic tests [the Foreign Intelligence Agency of Lodz-Szczecin-Bydgoszcz damaged my ears in 1913/1916 in my factory - I have note on above in MARCH 2023], the commission found that not 3, but 4 shots were fired in Dallas and one of them fell from a grassy hill in front of moving cars.
Forensic experts say Oswald, if he ever shot, he wasn't the only shooter. They put forward the thesis that there were three shooters, and five shots. The assassination itself was prepared professionally.
Abraham Zapruder's film indicates that the shot was also fired from the front.
Testimonies from doctors at the hospital in Dallas tell us that the large wound on the back of Kennedy's head was the exit wound.
Evidence of acoustic testing indicates that there were 4 shots, including one shot from the front.

In 1992, Dr. Crenshaw published his book titled 'Collusion of Silence'.
Dr. Creshaw, referring to what he saw with his own eyes on the operating table, said that Kennedy received a shot twice in front, once in the neck and once on the right side of the head.
This indicates that Oswald was not the only shooter.
While he was trying to save the president's life, a strange man walked nervously around the operating room with his gun out. Dr. Creshaw goes on to say that the same man with a weapon appeared in the operating room when he was operating Oswald. At one point, Dr. Crenshaw was dismissed from the operating table by phone. The newly sworn president Lyndon Johnson called, who wanted to get a testimony from dying Oswald and informed him that the agent in the operating room would accept this testimony. In this way, Crenshaw suggests that Johnson may have been part of the Kennedy plot. After Oswald was declared dead, he suddenly disappeared.
Dr. Charles Crenshaw ends his book with the following words:
'The murder was a brutal action that changed our internal policy and outside and changed history. People who participated in this collusion of silence they are not heroes or great Americans. At most, they can be considered cowards, and at worst for conspirators. This plot must end'.

In addition to Oswald and Jack Ruby, several died in a few years, and some say even about a dozen people who were involved in the investigation of events in Dallas on November 22, 1963.
There is no transcript of Oswald's auditions.
Authorities confiscated several films made by viewers during the president's journey.
After arriving at Bethesda near Washington, the president's body was wrapped in another material, and was in a different casket than when it was taken from the hospital in Dallas ... ".

On May 6, 2019 by Lawrence Goldstone about Leon Czolgosz in September 1901:

"... Within forty-eight hours, anarchist leaders were arrested in a number of American cities, most in Chicago, where Czolgosz had visited. Despite intense police grilling, although they admitted meeting Czologsz breifly, they denied all knowledge of the crime. In fact, one of the anarchists, Abe Isaak, published a warning in his newspaper, 'Free Society', that Czolgosz was likely a police agent. A warrant was also issued for Emma Goldman, the 'high priestess of anarchy', but she wasn't found until days later. ...".

J. L. Pattison in October 2018:

"... Another one of Oswald's ... friends was European emigre, Jerzy Mohrenschildt / George de Mohrenschildt, a petroleum geologist who just happened to be friends with CIA employee, George H. W. Bush. Yes, the same George H. W. Bush who would later become CIA director and the 41st president of the United States (and who claimed he couldn't remember where he was the day JFK was assassinated). ...
George de Mohrenschildt introduced Lee and Marina Oswald to Ruth Paine who allowed the Oswald family to move into her house in Irving, Texas.

Ruth Paine's mother-in-law was friends with Allen Dulles. Dulles was the United States CIA Director from 1953 until 1961 when he was fired by President John F. Kennedy.
... Conflict of interest notwithstanding, Allen Dulles was later assigned by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the Warren Commission to investigate the murder of JFK.
Not only did Ruth Paine's father, William Avery Hyde, have CIA connections - and at one time was under consideration for an undisclosed covert operation in Vietnam - and
her sister, Sylvia Hoke, was an employee of the CIA in Falls Church, Virginia.
...
It was Ruth Paine who recommended the job at the Texas School Book Depository (TSBD) to Lee Harvey Oswald. The TSBD was owned by Texas oilman, D. Harold Boyd who not only disliked JFK, but was also friends with George de Mohrenschildt.

Oswald began working at the TSBD on October 16, 1963 and was later accused of shooting JFK from that same building on November 22, 1963. Information that Oswald was an FBI informant came out during the Warren Commission investigation in January of 1964. ...
It was also discovered that Oswald was an informant for the CIA.
Former CIA accountant, James B. Wilcott, testified to the House Select Committee on Assassinations that Oswald was ... 'a regular employee, receiving a full-time salary for agent work for doing CIA operational work'.
According to Dallas District Attorney, Henry Wade, Oswald's CIA informant number was 110669.
...
According to Judyth Vary Baker, Oswald revealed to her that he had infiltrated a ring to assassinate JFK
... Oswald attempted to make an unsuccessful phone call from jail to a John David Hurt in Raleigh, North Carolina.
John David Hurt of Raleigh, North Carolina just happened to have been involved in U.S. counterintelligence during World War II.
... fingerprints of someone not employed at the TSBD were located in the 'sniper's nest'.
Those prints belonged to Malcom 'Mac' Wallace. Malcom Wallace was a convicted murderer who shot and killed John Kinser on October 22, 1951. Kinser had been having an affair with Josefa Johnson who just so happened to be the sister of Lyndon Baines Johnson.
The same Lyndon Baines Johnson who would later become president when JFK was assassinated.
... Kinser ... was subsequently released after Bill Carroll and M. E. Ruby, both Lyndon B. Johnson financial supporters, posted his bail. ... the defense lawyer that represented Wallace in the murder trial was none other than LBJ's own attorney, James Cofer. ...".

Ruth Hyde Paine, born 1932, was a friend of Marina Oswald, who was living with her at the time of the JFK assassination.

Marguerite Frances Claverie Oswald Ekdahl, b. 1907, was a conspiracy theorist and the mother of Lee Harvey Oswald.

Lee Harvey Oswald's host in Texas was George de Mohrenschildt a Polish-Baltic German born petroleum engineer, relative of the Pilar-Pilchau of Parnu / Parnawa [my grandfather Jerzy or Marian Konstantynowicz was here until 1912].
Roman or Romuald Pilar Pilchau was long time top chief of the Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence until 1937.
Father of named George / Jerzy Mohrenschildt was the Nobel Company top director [one Nobel was the member of our Duflon and Konstantynowicz board of directors, with the Armands, our next of kin, and the family to Inessa Armand, the famous lover of Uljanov Lenin] and the Marshal of nobility in our the Minsk governorate [Zapolska was the mother of Jerzy].

1.
"... Hale Boggs sat on the Warren Commission, which concluded that President Kennedy was slain by a lone assassin. Later, in 1971 and '72, Boggs said that the Warren Report was false and that
J. Edgar Hoover's FBI not only helped cover up the JFK murder
but blackmailed Congress with massive wire-tapping and spying.

He named
Warren Commission staff member Arlen Specter as a major cover-up artist. Congressman Boggs' plane disappeared on a flight to Alaska in 1972.
The press, the military, and the CIA publicly proclaimed the plane could not be located. Investigators later said that was a lie, that the plane had been found. On the plane were Nick Begich, a very popular Democratic Congressman, and Don Jonz, an aide to Mr. Boggs. All were killed.
2.
The architects for the Bay of Pigs were Vice President Richard Nixon and CIA director Allen Dulles. JFK inherited the plan from the Eisenhower administration. Nixon lost the race for the presidency to JFK and Dulles was fired by JFK for the failure of the Bay of Pigs. Yet Dulles is appointed by president Johnson as a Warren Commission member to "investigate" JFK's murder. The proof for Bush's lie about his CIA past can be found in a document, declassified in 1988. It's a
memorandum of FBI director J Edgar Hoover to the State department, dated 29 November 1963. It describes a meeting, one day after JFK's murder, between FBI and CIA officials talking about the reaction of the Cuban exile community to the Kennedy Assassination. The last paragraph states that the "the substance of the foregoing information was orally furnished to us and George Bush of the Central Intelligence agency".
Here we have the name of George Bush mentioned as a CIA official in direct connection to the Kennedy assassination. When asked by journalists, he initially stated "It's not me, must be another Bush!" This was checked and found to be NOT true. When asked again, a spokesperson for Bush declined to comment any further.
Copyright by http://jfkmurdersolved.com/bush3.htm
3.
In 1976, George H. W. Bush was appointed CIA director by president and former Warren Commission member Gerald Ford at the exact time that newly erected investigative committees were probing the possible role of the CIA into the assassination plots to kill Fidel Castro, Martin Luther King and John F. Kennedy. Bush appoints his old friend from JM / Wave and the Bay of Pigs, Theodore Shackley, as his deputy director for Special Operations, the CIA's most important division.
4.
During the preparations of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, pressure is applied to Texan, Bill Lord, not to testify for the committee. Bill Lord was a fellow marine and roommate of Lee Harvey Oswald on a ship voyage to France. Lord expresses his concern in a letter to president Carter. He writes that Oswald was connected to the FBI and CIA and concludes that the CIA and the FBI are complicit in JFK's death and the coup d'etat that occurred on 11/22/1963. He also states that one of the Midland, TX politicians applying pressure to him, was Mr. George W. Bush junior.
This letter to President Carter was declassified some years ago. Here's a fragment:
"...One of the parties which has blitzed me with telephone calls trying to persuade me to tell them what I know about Oswald, is engaged in a very costly project which allows them to locate, interview, monitor, and influence every single available person who ever knew Lee Oswald - and this, just in advance of the new governmental investigation by the house select committee on Assassinations. I finally consented, not to grant an interview, but to allow the publication's representative to explain their project to me in person. After a lunch interview with this researcher, I was told that if I had refused even to meet with him, pressure was in the offing from two Midland men: Mr. Jim Allison, publisher of the ultra-conservative Reporter-Telegram, my employer (out of necessity, and for the moment!), and Mr. George Bush, Jr. ...".
5.
George H.W. Bush failed to disclose his friendship with George De Mohrenschildt, a renowned oil geologist and Lee Harvey Oswald's best friend in Dallas. They knew each other since 1942, probably even longer, because in 1939 he went to work for Humble Oil, a company founded by Prescott Bush.

In 1977, when De Mohrenschildt is located by investigators of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, who want to interview him, he allegedly commits suicide the following day. The last person to interview him on the day he died, is Jay Edward Epstein, a writer / historian and a known apologist for the Warren Report since day one. Epstein married a CIA agent and is the biographer of former CIA-director James Jesus Angleton, presumably in charge of Oswald's "defection" to Russia. Interestingly, Epstein is also the "consultant" that was suddenly hired by NBC in 1995, when NBC was making a program for national TV on the confession of James E. Files. The program was promptly cancelled.
6.
David Atlee Phillips was one of the planning CIA officials in the plot to kill JFK. He was a member of the Dallas Petroleum club, as was George DeMohrenschildt / von Mohrenschildt, and George Bush. All three were CIA, and knew each other.
Yet time and again, during the Warren Commission, during the HSCA as a CIA director, and during the Assassinations Records Review Board as President, George Bush keeps his mouth shut about these liaisons, who were both CIA supervisors for Lee Harvey Oswald.
7.
James Files, the confessed assassin of JFK, also says that
Sturgis and Bosch were in Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963. Some researchers believe that Orlando Bosch was the unidentified dark complexed man on the curb of Dealey Plaza.
...".
All above COPYRIGHT 2003 jfkmurdersolved.com - All Rights Reserved. Adres: Ruysdaelweg 14, 2051 EM Overveen, Holandia. Tefon: +31 23 526 8730.

Arlen Specter, b. 1930, d. 2012, was the assistant counsel for the Lyndon Johnson's Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The recommendation was given by Gerald Ford.
Arlen was the son of
Lillie Shanin
[from Russia, she was the daughter of
Mordecai Shanin, born in Mogilev by Dneper in Belarus {east to our Miezonka}!
The granddaughter of Yehuda Leb Shanin, b. 1847 + Anna UGEL;
and the great-granddaughter of Ansel Asher Shanin, b. 1825 in Russia, who was living in Dudino, the Monastyrshchina district, in the Smolensk prov.,
now in Russia - compare Konstantynowicz, HURKO, Holynski, Wollowicz and HORSKI]
and Harry Specter, from Bachkuryne in the Cherkasy district, Russia - now in Ukraine.
Specter was Jewish.
Harry Aaron Specter (1892 - 1964), died in Tel Aviv, Israel.
They were friends to the Dole family, ie. of the politician Bob Dole.
Specter's father HARRY, served in the U.S. infantry during World War I.
ARLEN was graduated Phi Beta Kappa, and he was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. In 1951 to 1953 - an officer in the Air Force Office of Special Investigations.
In 1953, he married Joan Levy.
In 1967 ARLEN SPECTER was co-operated together with Tom Gola, the son of Ike Gola and Helen Gola. Gola's father come from Poland, as Galinsky.

Arlen worked for the Philadelphia law firm Dechert, Price and Rhoads; it was formed by
MacVeagh, who was United States Attorney General under President James Garfield.
JAMES GARFIELD serving from 1881 until his death by assassination six and a half months later, by Charles J. Guiteau.

Guiteau was born in Freeport, whose family was of French Huguenot ancestry.
Guiteau acted together with utopian socialist, John Humphrey Noyes.
NOYES founded the Communities, and is credited with coining the term 'complex marriage'. Noyes found ordinary sexual intercourse to be [by Wikipedia]: 'a momentary affair, terminating in exhaustion and disgust. ... The exhaustion which follows naturally breeds self-reproach and shame, and this leads to dislike and concealment of the sexual organs, which contract disagreeable associations from the fact that they are the instruments of pernicious excess.' Masturbation and the practice of intercourse without intention to propagate was shameful and wasteful.
Noyes did believe that women had the right to choose if and when to bear a child.
Despite the "group marriage" aspects of that sect, GUITEAU was rejected during his five years there. He identified with the Democratic Party.

ARLEN Specter opened a law firm with Marvin Katz. Marvin Katz b. 1930, d. 2010.

Arlen Specter, b. 1930, d. 2012, worked for the Philadelphia law firm Dechert, Price and Rhoads;
it was formed by MacVeagh, who was United States Attorney General under President James Garfield.
Assassination of James Abram Garfield in 1881 by Charles J. Guiteau, and traces from the Warren Commission in 1963 led me to the Mscislaw province [now in Russia] that is to the village of Dudino - Monasterszczyzna. Everything points to the Holynski family and the small village of Dudino inhabited in the 19th century by the Jewish community.
Hale Boggs sat on the Warren Commission, which concluded that President Kennedy was slain by a lone assassin. Later, in 1971 and '72, Boggs said that the Warren Report was false and that J. Edgar Hoover's FBI not only helped cover up the JFK murder but blackmailed Congress with massive wire-tapping and spying.
BOGGS named Warren Commission staff member Arlen Specter as a major cover-up artist. Congressman Boggs' plane disappeared on a flight to Alaska in 1972. The press, the military, and the CIA publicly proclaimed the plane could not be located. Investigators later said that was a lie, that the plane had been found. On the plane were Nick Begich, a very popular Democratic Congressman, and Don Jonz, an aide to Mr. Boggs. All were killed.

Wayne MacVeagh, who was United States Attorney General, was born in Phoenixville, in Pennsylvania, in 1833, the son of Major John MacVeagh and Margaret Lincoln. His brother, Franklin MacVeagh, was a banker and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President William Howard Taft.
Wayne MacVeagh was a brother of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter).
In 1875, MacVeagh co-founded the law firm known today as Dechert LLP.
Dechert LLP is an international law firm.

Notable lawyers:

David N. Kelley, former United States Attorney and Deputy U.S. Attorney for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;

Norma Levy Shapiro, judge for the United States District Court Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

Arlen Specter, United States senator for Pennsylvania (1981 - 2011).

Scooter Libby, chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney (2001 - 2005), born to Jewish family in New Haven. his father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.

Cheryl Ann Krause, United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
In 2014, President Obama nominated Krause to serve as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

Steven Engel, deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Counsel under George W. Bush and United States Assistant Attorney General.

Above Shapiro, born Norma Sondra Levy in Philadelphia, was nominated to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by President Jimmy Carter in 1978.

Russian and Soviet intelligence carried out two coups in the US: 1901 and in 1963. It was one and the same organization that in 1917/1918 worked in Bolshevik Russia without a break and without change.
Assassination of James Abram Garfield in 1881 by Charles J. Guiteau, and traces from the Warren Commission in 1963 led me to the Mscislaw province [now in Russia] that is to the village of Dudino - Monasterszczyzna.
Everything points to the Holynski family and the small village of Dudino inhabited in the 19th century by the Jewish community. The Monasterszczyna was a great estate of the Holynski family from the Mscislav province of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [until 1772].

Dudino at present is the part of Monastyrshchina / Monasterszczyzna, it's just 1 / 2 km south-west to Monastyrshchina.
The Hoholowka farm was a part of this estate.

Michal Holynski, the Marshal of the nobility in Mohylew, b. ca 1760, married Teresa Ciechanowiecka, b. ca 1770, was the owner of named Monasterszczyna / Monasterszczyzna, and probably Dudino - ex Dukes Horski possession.
The Holynski family possessed also places:
Hejdekowka, in the Czerykow county; here the owner - Gaudenty Holynski, the Marshal of the nobility in this district. In the Kosciukowice parish.

Adelin,
Michejewicze in Chotowiz (i.e. Chatoviz east of Kritschew) area,

Diahowicze (or Diagoviczi 3 km from Russia now),
Mokre in Moszowe area,
Janopol (here duke Sergiusz Meszczerski at a later date),

Rudnia (or Rodnja) and
Szumiacze (or Sumjaci, Szumianicze by the Ascer river) in the Klimavicy district (or Klimowitschi);

Bolotnia in the Rahacou district;
Jozefow (that isn't Jozefowka near by Mscislau),
Brakovce and Radoml (Radomlja SW of Rasna) in the Cavusy (Czausy) district;
Buda Paleviczeva,
Szumianiczi (or Szumiaki, Szemienicze - map of 1859 - 4 km SE of Mstislavl at the beginning of the 19th cent.),

Janovka
(16 km SE of Mstislavl and near to villages Pniewo by Sozenka,
Kratorowka and
Babiczowka - here Charkiewicz and Kolkovski families, too - Russia now),

Kazimirowo,
Lupiszczyce (Lutiszcze probably for the present, near to Karol Swiacki's Nov. Belica),

Monastyrshchina / Monastyrscina (or Monasterszczyzna, Monastercza, Monastyrszczyna, NE of Mscislau in Russia now; with farm of Hoholowka),

Horodek (alongside family Suryn),
Sutok,
Tupiczyn,
Czarnilow
and
Saprynowicze (at the beginning of the 19th cent.),

Kopciewo - 15 km north-east to named Monastyrshchina
- NOT Kopciowo (or Kopceuka which belonged to the estates of the Konstantinovich family;
here Feliks Holynski son of Jan Holynski)
and
Kadzino (i.e. Kadino 2nd - 8 km NE of Samava - area of Bochot A.D. 1708, by Horodnia river) in the Mstislavl district;
Chocimsk (border of Russia now and in the 16th - 18th cent.),
Hajdukowka
(with farms:
Zielenkowicze, Kazimierzowo, Widujce),

Michalin,
Kritschew / KRZYCZEW,
Zadobrost,
Iwandar (here Catholic church since 1849; with above the
Hajdukowka farm at the beginning of the 19th cent.); Iwandar, in the Czerykow county, belonged to the Holynskis. The Catholic parish in the Czerykow - Czausy Catholic district; a church in 1849 was built by Ignacy Holynski. The chapels in Bludziml; Skalin and Hajdukowka.

And Choloblin (14 km SW of Kritschew in the 19th cent.) in the Cerykau district;
and Stefanowo in the Horki district.

The Konstantynowiczs:
Just after 1661 they partially moved house to the EAST BELARUS in the MSCISLAU / Mstsislaw province near to:
KRYCAU / Kritschew by Sosh / Kritchev / Krychaw where we had eight hundred peasants c. 1700;
neighbourhood:
the Brujewicz family (in Krycau A.D. 1745),
Czyz (Bazyli Czyz was an officer in Krycau in 1522),
Danilowicz (Russians burned down Krycau in 1655 and all assets of Pawel Danilowicz, too),
Holynski family (proprietors of towns Krychaw = Kritchev and Klimavici but after 1772),
Jerzy Malachowski,
Nowodworski,
Petrazycki,
dukes Polubinski or Polubenski (here as early as 1540),
Siemaszko (Jan Siemaszko + wife Tomila Saprynowski at the castle of Kritchev / Krychaw in 1695),
Siemienowicz (a priest Wasyl Siemienowicz in 1664),
a certain Szalus (clerk in Krycau in 1568 - he fought against Russians in the Smolensk province),
Mikolaj ZUKOWSKI / Shukovski (Nikolay Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski),
Usakowski (in Zarubec since 1878),
Weselowski (i.e. Wesolowski or Wiesiolowski in Kritschew as early as 1634 and next in 1663),
Jan Zadanowicz (or Zdanowicz, Zdanavicius in Kritchev = Krychaw A.D. 1662, he came from the Orsa / Orscha district),
Wacur (in Kritschew and nearby Zimonino or Zimonin) and others families.

Acc. to 'Secret Memoirs of the Court of Petersburg...' Zachary Konstantynowicz / Constantinowitz in 1796 was a valet (servant) of Yekaterina Alexeevna or Catherine II the Great, Empress of Russia - compare the ILLUMINATI.

Stephen (Stefan Holynski) Golynsky (Stefan Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1630/1640) was the third son of Davyd / Dawid Holynski, owned the estate Soin (Soino, Soino Wielkie, Woronowe Slobody).
In 1663 Golynsky / Stefan Holynski mentioned, and Mayor Zhmudsky, served in the regiment of Ilya Surin (mother of Stepan Holynski / Stefan Holynski was kind of Surin ancestry).

On January 31, 1664 a priest of the Mstislavl Church, Herman Konstantynowicz filed a complaint against Pawel Moskowicz / Paul Moskevich and Stephen Golynsky / Stefan Holynski for armed mob to his house, for loot his grain bread and torturing her daughters
(a data extracted from the Vitebsk and Mogilev documentary province books, stored in a central repository in Vitebsk, and published under the editorship of M. Verevkin, T. 24, Vitebsk 1893, p. 455 - 457).

Christina Golynskaya (Krystyna Holynska born ca 1680)
was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski / STEFAN HOLYNSKI, born 1630/1640.
She donated her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz Holynski and to her sister Franciszka Holynska / Frantiska.
In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits.
Franciszek Konstantynowicz / Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was her first husband;
the second husband:
Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714
(I think that the above error about the Rohoza nickname arose from confusion between this nickname and surname Rahoza; for example Michal Rahoza with the Szreniawa coat of arms from Kiev in 1579).

Jozef HURKO JUNIOR, had 2 sons:
Leopold Hurko (1783-1860) the Russian Major General;
Wlodzimierz Hurko (1795-1852) the Russian General;
and the daughter Ewelina Hurko Niemirowicz (d. 1821 in ROMA) - the wife of Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the POLOCK official (1778-1840), the son of Justynian Niemirowicz.

Above Wlodzimierz Hurko [1795-1852], had a son {the grandson of Jozef HURKO [died in 1811]} the Russian Field Marshal and the Warsaw governor, ie. Jozef Wladimirowicz Hurko / Romeiko-Gourko (1828-1901).

Zenaida Lubomirska nee Holynska, b. 1820 in Rowne / Rivne, was daughter of
Michal Holynski and Elzbieta Tolstoj;
Zenaida was the wife of Kazimierz Anastazy Karol Lubomirski
with children:
Stanislaw Michal Henryk Michal Henryk Lubomirski [1838-1918],
and Marie Lannes de Montebello.

Above Michal Holynski, b. 1784, was son of
Jan (Ivan Holynski) Holynski and Barbara KASZYC.
Above Jan (Ivan) Holynski, b. 1746, was son of
Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski and Petronela ZUKOWSKA.

Above Jozef Antoni Holynski / Juozas Antanas Holinskis of the MSCISLAU province of POLAND, born ca 1720/1730, was the son of
Kazimierz Holynski, b. ca 1670, and Teofila MOSKIEWICZ. Kazimierz Holynski b. ca 1670
- the son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski and Izabela Ostankiewicz.

KAZIMIERZ Holynski b. ca 1670, of the MSCISLAU province, was brother of
Franciszka Holynska born ca 1665;
Teofila Wojna;
Jan Michal Holynski;
Krystyna Romeyko-Hurko ie. Krystyna Konstantynowicz, born ca 1680;
Jakub Holynski;
and Barbara Romeyko-Hurko.

Note to above mentioned KAZIMIERZ Holynski b. ca 1670:
Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz, b. ca 1670/1680, near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings, and Hurko family also (from Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki or Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district / JAN HURKO born ca 1670) were in trouble with Holynski
(Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1670, the son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by border between Belarus and Russia, and from Soino and Uszpol, born ca 1630/1640)
family after 1714.

The above Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia:
the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.);
one our leg lived in the territory of present Belarus, but the second one stood at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992. A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. [see 1877/1878] or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.

Jozef Hurko-Romejko, JUNIOR, b. ca 1750/1760, was the son of SENIOR Jozef Hurko / JOZEF HURKO - ROMEJKO, born ca 1710 - in 1759-1780 the Vitebsk chamberlain.
Jozef Hurko / Gurko, senior, was maybe the son of JAN HURKO, born ca 1680 from KROTOWSZE-KRYNKI.

Christina Golynskaya (Krystyna Holynska) was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski. She gave her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz HOLYNSKI, and to her sister Frantiska. In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits. Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, born ca 1670 - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was the first husband of KRYSTYNA HOLYNSKA; the second husband: Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680 of Krotowsze-Krynki) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714.

General Jozef Hurko [next person with the name Jozef] owned in 1901 Sacharowo in the TWER province [compare inf. in my domain].

KRYNKI, south-east to KOPTI; west to Bolszaja WYDREJA; south-east to VICEBSK; north to Vyshacany. See KOLPINO - west to OSIPOVO; close to LUCHOSA.

BABINOWICZE / Babinavichy - in the 17th and 18th cent. belonged to OGINSKI. 1772 to Russia. Babinowicze, the Orsza county; by the Werchita River. Babinowicze is situated in the ORSHA county - Babinowicze - south to Liozno, of the Vitebsk region of Belarus. North to ORSHA.

See:
Stefan Holynski (1815 - 1878), the brother to Aleksander Holynski, was the friend to Juliusz Slowacki, and they were together in Near East. Stefan was co-owner of Krzyczew.
His parents -
Wincenty Michal Holynski, the Russian Colonel, b. 1770 + Emma Gonczarow-Mordwinow, b. 1790/1794;
the grandfather -
Jan Holynski = Ivan Holynski, 1746 - 1817 [the brother of MICHAL HOLYNSKI b. ca 1760];
the great-grandparents:
Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski, the official in Klimowicz, b. ca 1727, the Smolensk official; married Petronela Zukowska.
Above Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski, b. ca 1727, was the son of Kazimierz Holynski and Teofila MOSKIEWICZ, Holynska.
Jozef was the father of Jan Holynski and Michal Holynski [below !].
Jozef was the brother of Kazimierz Holynski.
Jozef Holynski was the official in MSCISLAW.
Above Michal Holynski, b. ca 1760, the son of Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski and Petronela. Michal was the husband of Tekla Holynska and Teresa. Michal was the father of Katarzyna Bulharyn and Klotylda Ciechanowiecka. Michal was the brother of Jan Holynski / Ivan Golynski.
Michal Holynski was the Adjutant of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski, and also the official in Mscislaw.
Above
Klotylda Ciechanowiecka (Holynska), b. ca 1790,
was the wife of JAN Ciechanowiecki / Jonas Cechanovieckis.
Mother of Konstancja SOLTAN;
Emilia ZUKOWSKA;
Zofia Makowiecka;
Klotilda Zukowska;
and Wlodzimierz Ciechanowiecki.
Klotylda was the half sister of Katarzyna Bulharyn.
Above Konstancija Soltan / Konstancja Soltan nee Ciechanowiecka, b. 1820, was the wife of Jan Soltan, and the mother of Idalia Maria Soltan.

Above Jan Soltan, b. ca 1820, died in 1884.

Above Wincenty Michal Holynski b. ca 1770, m. ca 1810 to Emma Gonczarow-Mordwinow. Wincenty was the son of Jan Holynski / Ivan.
They had:
1. Stefan Holynski, acted in Agricultural Society in Plock, in 1861; 1815-1878, m. Maria Kobylinska.
Stefan's 1815-1878 sons -
Wladyslaw Holynski b. 1848 + Michalina Orzelska;
and
Jan Holynski, 1863 - 1943 + Janina Ciechanowiecka.
2. a daughter
Emma Holynska, 1820-1868 + Jozef Kazimierz Piotr Borch
[more below !].

Above Jozef Kazimierz Piotr Borch, 1807-1881,
the parents:
Count Michal Jan Borch, 1753-1810, married Eleonora Krystyna Braun / Browne, 1766-1844
[the Irish secret societes];
the grandparents -
Jan Andrzej Jozef Borch, 1713-1780;
Ludwika Anna Zyberk Wischling, 1740-1788;
Jerzy Brown / Browne b. 1698 [George Browne - see more below !];
the great-grandparents:
Jerzy Gotard Borch, 1683-1722, the Royal official;
Jozefat Zyberk Wischling, 1684-1776, the governor of Inflanty / Livland;
Ludwika von Stock, b. 1680;
Magdalena Budberg z Bonninghausen.

Monasterszczyzna:

the owners: 1. in 1714, Jan Jakub Holynski; and in 1719.
2. in 1729, the Mscislaw official, Kazimierz Holynski, b. 1670.
3. Michal Holynski, the Marshal [in 1804] of the nobility in Mohylew, b. ca 1760, married Teresa Ciechanowiecka, b. ca 1770, was the owner of named Monasterszczyna / Monasterszczyzna, and probably Dudino - ex Dukes Horski possession. Michal Holynski, the Mohylew nobility Marshal,
was the son of
Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski, b. ca 1730, the Klimowicze official, married Petronela Zukowska.
The grandson of
Kazimierz Holynski, b. ca 1670.
The great-grandson of
Stefan Holynski and Izabela Ostankiewicz, ie. Stefan = Stefan Kazimierz Holynski (ca 1630 / 1640 - 1701).

Next Michal Holynski
[his grandson Ksawery Holynski, 1856-1901 + Emilia Bloch],
b. ca 1782, d. 1854, m. Elzbieta Tolstoj, b. 1773,
had the grandparents of him:
mentioned Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski, of Klimowicze, b. ca 1730 + Petronela Zukowska.

Monasterszczyzna / Monasterszczyna in 1772, according to the first division of Poland, as part of the Mogilev province, was transferred to Russia. In the 18th century, the Monasterszczyzna belonged to the Polotsk captain Mikhail Kuzmich Golynsky / Michal Jozwicz Holynski.
In 1791, Empress Catherine II established the Settlement for the Jewish people, in Dudino, and Monasterszczyzna, after which Jews began to actively settle in the town. By the middle of the XIX century, they accounted more than half of the population. Meanwhile, it is known about two Monasterszczyzna in 1784: a village and a town that belonged to one owner - the captain of Polotsk, Mikhail Kuzmich Golynsky. In the middle of the nineteenth century here lived more than 1240 inhabitants, including about 1000 Jews. There was a wooden Orthodox church, two Jewish prayer synagogues, and a large grocery. The Polotsk captain Golynsky M. K. = M. G. Holynski, but acc. to me he is Michal Holynski, Jozwicz, born circa 1760, to Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski and Petronela Holynska (born Zukowska).
Michal had one brother, Jan = Iwan Holynski. Michal married Tekla Nagorska / Nagurska, with 2 daughters.
Michal married 2nd to Teresa Ciechanowiecka.

Michal's father -
Jozef Antoni Tadeusz, the Klimowicze official in 1764, and in Mscislaw in 1759, born ca 1730, married Petronela Zukowska.
JOZEF was the son of Kazimierz Holynski Stefanowicz, born ca 1670.

MICHAL Holynski was the owner of Monasterszczyzna / Monasterszczyna. Michal Holynski was the Mohylew noble Marshal, b. ca 1760, married Teresa Ciechanowiecka, b. ca 1770. Michal Holynski m. twice: Tekla Nagurska; and Teresa Ciechanowiecka. Teresa's daughter was Klotylda Holynska b. 1790.
Michal was OLDER, and maybe he is the Polotsk captain as Mikhail Kuzmich Golynsky, the son of Jozef Antoni Tadeusz Holynski, of Klimowicze, b. ca 1730 + Petronela Zukowska. Above Michal with Teresa Ciechanowiecka had the daughter:
Klotylda Holynska, b. 1790, m. Jan Ciechanowiecki.
Jan's grandparents -
1. Marcin Ciechanowiecki, b. ca 1720
{the son of KRZYSZTOF Ciechanowiecki younger;
the great-grandson of Krzysztof Ciechanowiecki older, 1600-1655};
2. Robert Brzostowski b. 1748;
3. Anna Jadwiga Plater Broel, b. ca 1750.

Klotylda and Jan had children:
Wlodzimierz Ciechanowiecki, 1820-1900 + Ludwika Wojnicz-Sianozecka;
Emilia Ciechanowiecka, b. ca 1820 + Edward Zukowski;
Klotylda Ciechanowiecka + Aleksander Zukowski;
Konstancja Ciechanowiecka m. Jan Soltan, 1830-1884, with Idalia Maria Stanislawa Soltan, and Felicja Maria Pereswiet-Soltan, 1861-1956;
Teresa Ciechanowiecka + Aleksander Wojnicz-Sianozecki, b. ca 1850; Zofia Ciechanowiecka, 1822-1883, m. Stefan Makowiecki;
Adela Ciechanowiecka, 1823-1887 + Kazimierz Chrapowicki, 1817 in Lozno - 1881 in Warsaw

[the son of
Michal Chrapowicki and Joanna Okuszko.
The grandson of Jozef Chrapowicki, 1750-1812 + Dss Magdalena Oginska.
The great-grandson of Eustachy Jozef Chrapowicki, 1730-1791;
Duke Jozef Oginski, 1713-1776;
Teresa Niemirowicz-Szczytt, 1730-1778;
Apolonia Wyhowska.
The great-great-grandson of Dominik Chrapowicki, 1700-1729 + Rozalia Rypinska.
Compare - Kennedy; Onasis; Bouvier; Szumski - Piottuch Kublicki - Konstantynowicz of Miezonka],

with Wlodzimierz Wladyslaw Jan Chrapowicki, 1848-1909, and
Edward Chrapowicki, 1853-1905.