COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ

October the 04th, 2014

Stirling Castle, King James VII of Scotland and II of England, and Jacobins in Scotland in the 18th century. Mayer Amschel Rothschild - the Illuminati, 1776. The Knights Templar in 1791 and The Order of Mark Master Masons, 1769.

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Education and information - Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Part 2 - Intelligence.
Scotland, Ireland, Estonia, Switzerland, Russia.
France 1789, Russia 1917, Poland 1989. F. W. Rose, A Serio-Comic Map of the Year 1877, London: G. W. Bacon & Co., British Library; an earlier Dutch map at the University of Amsterdam upon which this map is based is identical except for the wounded tentacle. A later Rose map, even more obviously depicting the British perspective, is 'John Bull and his Friends' from 1900 in which John Bull (Great Britain) faces a continent full of hostile, disinterested, or preoccupied 'friends' and an even more threatening octopus-Russia, reaching out in all directions. On the eve of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5), a Japanese take on the Serio-Comic map shifts the focus decidedly eastward and portrays Russia as the black octopus. And for a completely contrary view, a Japanese print self-identifies with the octopus after the war commenced with the Battle of Port Arthur. Copyright by http://streetsofsalem.com/2013/01/22/teaching-with-tentacles/
Bolshevik Revolution 1917.

Key note. Introduction and general remarks.

I think I managed to investigate and decipher a system: this is a conspiracy inside the headquarters of military intelligence of the Tsarist Russia: deep political espionage (anarchists, Lenin, Marxists) and strategic technological-scientific intelligence (telegraph, radio, electricity, aircraft, engines, ignition magnetos, automatic pilots, helicopters, airships, submarines, lights, etc.). Taken over in a certain period by British intelligence.

An influential leadership role in the formulation of foreign UK policy ca 1895 to ca 1921 played Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner b. 1854, a British statesman.
Acc to Aydelotte: "...in 1888 Rhodes made his third will ... to LORD ROTHSCHILD (his financier in mining enterprises), but ... for strategic reasons Lord Rothschild was subsequently removed from the forefront of the scheme. Professor Quigley reveals that Lord Rosebury, replaced his father-in-law Lord Rothschild, in Rhodes' next and last will. ... Quigley informs us that the central part of the 'secret society' was established by March, 1891, using Rhodes' money.
The organization was run for Rothschild by Lord Alfred Milner - the ROUND TABLE worked behind the scenes at the highest levels of British government, influencing foreign policy and England's involvement and conduct of WW I.
... Between 1894 and 1907 a number of international treaties were signed to have Russia, France, England and further nations unit against Germany in the case of war. It was the task of the
COMMITTEE OF 300 to set the stage for the First World War. From the ROUND TABLE group emerged as a front the 'Royal institute for International Affairs' ... known as 'Chatham House' and had among its founding members Lord Albert Grey, Lord Arnold Toynbee ... of the MI6, H. G. Wells, Lord Alfred Milner - head of the Round Table, and H. J. Mackinder - inventor of the so-called geopolitics.
... sums of money from the international bankers, among others from ALFRED MILNER - by Jan Van Helsing - who later took over the secret Round Table, were poured into the Ochrana that already had infiltrated the Bolshevik movement. Agents steered many of its activities. The infiltration was so strong that in 1908 four of the five members of the Petersburg committee of the Bolshevik party were Ochrana agents".

Some details:

Hubert Bland, a bank-journalist, worked for the London Sunday Chronicle, a paper owned by newspaper magnate Edward Hulton, formerly of the Liberal Manchester Guardian. Bland was a co-founder of the Fabian Society in 1884 and became a treasurer. He also recruited Bernard Shaw. Bernard Shaw was working for the London Pall Mall Gazette, where William T. Stead served as editor and Alfred Milner as his assistant, both Stead and Milner were close to diamond magnate and Rothschild associate Cecil Rhodes and were involved in the formation of the influential secret organisation known as the Milner Group. Having been recruited to the Fabian Society by his friend Bland in 1884, Shaw recruited Annie Besant and his friends Sidney Webb, Sydney Olivier and Graham Wallas in 1885 and 1886.

Shaw married Charlotte, daughter of Horace Payne-Townshend, a wealthy Stock Exchange investor. He was employed by millionaire William Waldorf - Lord Astor, owner of the Pall Mall Gazette, and became a close friend of the Milner Group leader - Waldorf and his wife Nancy. Shaw's friend, Sidney Webb married Beatrice - a close friend of Rothschild associate and Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, the daughter of Richard Potter, a wealthy financier with international connections, the chairman of the Great Western and Grand Trunk Railways of England and Canada. Shaw, Webb, Olivier and Wallas became the Fabian Society's dominant Big Four with John Passmore Edwards, an leader of the Liberal Manchester School, and with Richard Cobden. The Fabian Society was in close touch with the Rothschilds both directly and through Lord Arthur Balfour, and has also been close to David Rockefeller. Cecil Rhodes the South African diamond millionaire, used his fortune to promote the scheme of federating the English speaking peoples around the globe. Rhodes and other acolytes of Ruskin, formed a secret society known as the Round Table Group, were able to gain access to Rhodes' fortune after his death in 1902. The Milner Group, the secret society formed by Cecil Rhodes, dominated the British delegation to the Peace Conference of 1919, founded the UK Royal Institute for International Affairs in 1919 / 1920 (the British Institute of International Affairs was founded in London in July 1920), the US Council on Foreign Relations, and parallel groups in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India. In 1919 British and American delegates to the Paris Peace Conference, under the leadership of Lionel Curtis, conceived the idea of an Anglo-American Institute of foreign affairs to study international problems with a view to preventing future wars - at Chatham House, Number 10 St. James's Square in 1923 (Professor Arnold Toynbee became the leading figure until his retirement in 1955).

Retinger was very close to Lionel Curtis, the founder of Chatham House and Retinger was politically active in London exactly at the same time when Chatham House was established in 1921-1923; the Chatham House / the Royal Institute of International Affairs represented by both ideologies of the Rhodes - Milner ideology with the ideology of the Fabian society and Retinger had links to both these groups; his the Bilderberg Group had their first meeting in May 1954 at the Bilderberg Hotel, near Arnhem in Holland.

I wrote above that the Round Table was started by Freemason and Rothschild agent, Lord Alfred Milner; but Rhodes, who was connected to the Freemasons, first formalised his idea with William T. Stead;
in 1910, The Round Table Journal: A Quarterly Review of the Politics of the British Empire was founded by Lord Milner and members of Milner's Kindergarten: Lionel Curtis, Philip Kerr and Geoffrey Dawson; by 1915 Round Table groups existed in seven countries: in the United States acted George Louis Beer, Walter Lippmann, Frank Aydelotte, Whitney Shepardson, Thomas W. Lamont, Erwin D. Canham.

Victor Rothschild (Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild b. 1910 d. 1990; son of Charles Rothschild; a member of the Apostles Club at Cambridge, a secret society, there he became friends with the future Soviet spies Guy Burgess and Anthony Blunt, and Kim Philby - not a member; he was recruited to work for MI5 during World War II, and was the head of B1C, continued to work in security as an adviser to Margaret Thatcher; 1971 to 1974 The Think Tank), who worked for J. P. Morgan & Co., was one of the members of the Round Table.

The Rothschilds had financed Cecil Rhodes, co-operated with the Morgans and the Rockefellers, and they financed the activities of Edward Harriman (railroads) and Andrew Carnegie Steel.

Roundtable inner Circle of Initiates included Lord Milner, Cecil Rhodes, Arthur Balfour, Albert Grey and Lord Nathan Rothschild (Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild b. 1840, d. 1915, a British banker in issuing loans to the governments of the USA, Russia and Austria; a close relationship with Benjamin Disraeli, he also funded Cecil Rhodes in the development of the British South Africa Company and the De Beers diamond conglomerate, and administered Rhodes's estate from 1902 and set up the Rhodes Scholarship scheme at Oxford).

According to Gary Allen's expose, Milner financed the Russian Bolsheviks on Rothschild's behalf, with help from Jacob Schiff and Max Warburg.

The Round Table movement, founded in 1909 - acc. to historian Carroll Quigley - was connected to a secret society named the 'Society of the Elect' with
Cecil Rhodes, Stead and Lord Rothschild as his designated successors, and also Milner, Reginald Baliol Brett Lord Esher, Cardinal Manning, Lord Arthur Balfour, Lord Albert Grey and Sir Harry Johnston;
Carroll Quigley claims in 'Tragedy and Hope' that Rhodes's 'Society of the Elect' was established in 1889 - 1891; an outer circle known as the Association of Helpers was later organised by Milner as the Round Table;
its sister organisations: Lionel Curtis founded the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 1920, and Walter Lippmann in 1921 - the Council on Foreign Relations, in America. See also: Alexander May, The Round Table, 1910-66, ed. by University of Oxford.

When Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, drowned on 5 June 1916 when HMS Hampshire sank west of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, then Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, from December 1916 to November 1918, was one of the most important members of David Lloyd George's War Cabinet. His mother was a daughter of Major General John Ready, former Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island and later the Isle of Man. Upon his return from South Africa, Viscount Milner occupied himself mainly with business interests in London, becoming chairman of the Rio Tinto Zinc mining company, a director of the Joint Stock Bank, in January 1917 Milner led the British delegation, with Henry Wilson, in Russia, to boost Russian morale and see what equipment they needed; he was an advocate of inter-allied cooperation, in St. Petersburg in February 1917.
But Trotsky in his book 'My Life' tells of a British financier, who in 1907 gave him a large loan to be repaid after the overthrow of the Tsar. Arsene de Goulevitch, who witnessed the Bolshevik Revolution, has identified both the name of the financier and the amount of the loan: over 21 million rubles were spent by Lord Alfred Milner in financing the (March 1917) Russian Revolution.
It was a big dream of Pilsudski and Poles to Tsarist Russia collapsed, and then in the revolutionary chaos appeared Lenin had passed into Russia by the Germans.
A documents made it clear, that this above mentioned funding was provided by Milner and channeled through Sir George Buchanan, who was the British Ambassador to Russia at the time, acc. to Goulevitch, p. 230.

The conspiracy in Russia created curtains and protected from the beginning by the modern counterintelligence of the Tsarist Russia created by Benkendorff and Dubbelt from Estonia and Latvia - thanks to this major role in this system can be played a German families from Estonia.
They anchored (Fabian Pilar von Pilchau of Parnu) in Lithuania / Belarus and joined with families from Belarus: Piłsudski, Dzierzynski, Konstantynowicz and so on. Thanks to this connections the German Empire took over from the top of all this political system according to some theorists, and by others - the British intelligence.
This statement is not true, or not true fully. The main ally of Britain during the First World War was Russia, and the Romanov dynasty with its last tsar. This is confirmed by the organization of the Allied mission to Russia in January 1917 and earlier such a mission to Romania. Too much in the military - political - intelligence structure is discussed below, is Irish and Scots. Ireland fought then about freedom, just like the Poles. Scotland also fight, like Estonia.

When Irish immigration to the United States of America began, the Irish Charitable Society was founded in Boston, in 1737, then as the Ancient and Most Benevolent Order of the Friendly Brothers of Saint Patrick, founded in New York, and the Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick for the Relief of Emigrants in Philadelphia in 1771.
The Irish Free State was established in 1922 as a Dominion of the British Commonwealth of Nations under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, following uprising - The Easter Rising, also known as the Easter Rebellion, in Ireland, 1916. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798.
Remember!
In 1915 Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Thomson, a fluent French speaker, was sent to Bucharest as British military attache on Kitchener's initiative to bring Romania into the war.
Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, drowned on 5 June 1916 when HMS Hampshire sank west of the Orkney Islands, Scotland. He was making his way to Russia in order to attend negotiations but the ship struck a German mine.

After the Great War (1914 - 1918), a number of conspiracy theories were put forward, one by Lord Alfred Douglas, positing a connection between Kitchener's death, the recent naval Battle of Jutland, Winston Churchill, and a Jewish conspiracy. Churchill successfully sued Douglas for criminal libel, and the latter spent six months in prison. Another claimed that the Hampshire did not strike a mine at all, but was sunk by explosives secreted in the vessel by Irish Republicans. Frederick Joubert Duquesne, a Boer soldier and spy, claimed that he had assassinated Kitchener after an earlier attempt to kill him in Cape Town failed. Duquesne's story was that he posed as the Russian Duke Boris Zakrevsky in 1916 and joined Kitchener in Scotland.
In 1883 Kitchener became a Freemason. He was initiated in Cairo.

In the spring of 1916 Herbert Asquith decided to send Lord Kitchener, his Secretary of State of War, to Russia in an attempt to rally the country in its fight against Germany. On 5th June 1916, Horatio Kitchener was drowned.
Horatio Bottomley, the editor of the John Bull magazine, promoted the idea that Kitchener had been murdered.
In July 1920, Alfred Douglas, the former boyfriend of Oscar Wilde, according to Michael Kettle, continued his campaign against Winston Churchill.
Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas b. 1870 in Powick, Worcestershire; the third son of John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, and his first wife, Sibyl nee Montgomery. Above John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry b. 1844 in Florence, Italy, was a Scottish nobleman, the eldest son of Scottish politician Archibald, Viscount Drumlanrig and Caroline Margaret Clayton. His daughter, who became Lady Edith Gertrude Douglas, married the inventor St. George Lane Fox-Pitt. Above named Archibald William Douglas, 8th Marquess of Queensberry b. 1818, Viscount Drumlanrig - south of Douglas - was the son of John Douglas, 7th Marquess of Queensberry, by Sarah Douglas, daughter of Major James Sholto Douglas. Married Caroline Margaret Clayton at Gretna Green,
Scotland - on border of England, Gretna Green, Scotland is south of Queensberry.
Above John Douglas, 7th Marquess of Queensberry b. 1779, was a Scottish Whig politician. Queensberry was the son of Sir William Douglas, 4th Baronet.

Queensberry - south-west of Jedburgh and of Selkirk; south-east of Douglas.

"...In January 1917 Milner led the British delegation, with Henry Wilson as chief military representative, and including a banker and two munitions experts - on the mission to Russia. There were 50 delegates in total including French, led by de Castelnau, and Italians. The object of the mission, stressed at the second Chantilly Conference in December 1916, was to keep the Russians holding down at least the forces now opposite them, to boost Russian morale and see what equipment they needed with a view to coordinating attacks...".
Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner b. 1854, was a British statesman and colonial administrator who played an influential leadership role in the formulation of foreign and domestic policy.
Above Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, b. 1864, and "...Loyd George wanted Russia persuaded to make the maximum possible effort... on a British mission to Russia in January 1917 (delayed from November 1916), the object of which was to keep the Russians holding down at least the forces now opposite them, to boost Russian morale ... The War Office briefing advised that Russia was close to revolution. Wilson met the Tsar but thought him 'as devoid of character and purpose as our own poor miserable King'. Even senior Russian officials were talking openly of assassinating the Tsar or perhaps just the Tsarina. Wilson was impressed by Generals Ruzski (Rucki) and Danilov ... Knox, who had been British military attaché since 1911. He toured Petrograd, Moscow ... and Riga ... His official report (3 March 1917) said that Russia would remain in the war and that they would solve their 'administrative chaos'. However, many other observers at the time, e.g. the young Archibald Wavell in the Caucasus, felt that the advent of democracy in Russia would reinvigorate her war effort, so Wilson's views were not entirely unusual. ... Wilson was appointed Chief of British Mission to the French Army on 17 March 1917, with a promotion to permanent lieutenant-general which Robertson had blocked in November 1916...".
Noël Edouard Marie Joseph, Vicomte de Curieres de Castelnau b. 1851, was a French general in World War I. "...After the dismissal of Joffre ... in 1916 Castelnau was retired from active service. He was sent on the Allied Mission to Russia in the early months of 1917, just prior to the Fall of the Tsar. ... Castelnau was recalled to the command of the Eastern Army Group ... in 1918...".

Today it is difficult to say who, what country, either a government, or an institution, maybe a NGO managed this complicated structure.

Those who have studied the roots of this complex structure, the most common commit certain substantive and methodological mistakes, runs the risk of retaliatory attacks and ridicule, and even fully social ostracism.

This structure had a military - intelligence - political nature. This structure created for decades the leading politicians, and drove to the spectacular political internationally events. The mystery of the complicated machines - several octopuses - caused the birth of conspiracy theories, such theories and journalism as Archibald Henry Maule Ramsay b. 1894.

For a 100 years such theories indicate specified states, as well as some nations or particular politicians, as drivers of the intelligence structure - this situation lasts from 1916 to today, 2014.

The answer to the above question at the moment is gone. In the history of Tsarist Russia, it is difficult to find a detail, because there is difficult to get to archives of a special services and political institutions. Below I quote the text of the book 'The Anglo-American Establishment' by Carroll Quigley ed. in 1981 (copyright by The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliveden. 1981, New York: Books in Focus, 354 pages, ISBN 0-916728-50-1; reprinted by Rancho Palos Verdes: GSG & Associates, date unknown, ISBN 0-945001-01-0). The author of this book reveals details of secret intelligence and political structures of the United Kingdom and the USA in the second half of the 19th century and in the first half of the twentieth century.

These data obviously yet not suggest who or what was the driving force of the intelligence network and the military-political structures, which in details is discussed on this web site, and broadening data on the site designated as part two. Both of these parties were formed in the second half of 2014. So Carroll Quigley wrote in 1981:

"... in February 1891, three men were engaged in earnest conversation in London. From that conversation were to flow consequences of the greatest importance to the British Empire and to the world as a whole.
For these men were organizing a secret society that was, for more than fifty years, to be one of the most important forces in the formulation and execution of British imperial and foreign policy. ... The leader was Cecil Rhodes, fabulously wealthy empire-builder ... The second was William T. Stead, the most famous, and probably also the most sensational, journalist of the day. The third was Reginald Baliol Brett, later known as Lord Esher, friend and confidant of Queen Victoria, and later to be the most influential adviser of King Edward VII and King George V. ... the three drew up a plan of organization for their secret society and a list of original members. The plan of organization provided for an inner circle, to be known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers. Within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be exercised by the leader, and a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was to be Rhodes, and the junta was to be Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner. In accordance with this decision, Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner was added to the society by Stead ...
Rhodes had been planning for this event for more than seventeen years (around 1873). Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. ... in modified form, it exists to this day. From 1891 to 1902, it was known to only a score of persons. During this period, Rhodes was leader, and Stead was the most influential member. From 1902 to 1925, Milner was leader, while Philip Kerr (Lord Lothian) and Lionel Curtis were probably the most important members. From 1925 to 1940, Kerr was leader, and since his death in 1940 this role has probably been played by Robert Henry Brand (now Lord Brand).
During this period of almost sixty years, this society has been called by various names. During the first decade or so it was called 'the secret society of Cecil Rhodes' or 'the dream of Cecil Rhodes'. In the second and third decades of its existence it was known as 'Milner's Kindergarten' (1901 - 1910) and as 'the Round Table Group' (1910 - 1920). Since 1920 it ... has been called 'The Times crowd', 'the Rhodes crowd', the 'Chatham House crowd', 'All Souls group', and the 'Cliveden set'. ...
The Milner Kindergarten and the Round Table Group, for example, were two different names for The Association of Helpers and were thus only part of the society, since the real center of the organization, The Society of the Elect, continued to exist and recruited new members from the outer circle as seemed necessary. Since 1920, this Group has been increasingly dominated by the associates of Viscount Astor. In the 1930s, the misnamed 'Cliveden set' was close to the center of the society, but it would be entirely unfair to believe that the connotations of superficiality and conspiracy popularly associated with the expression 'Cliveden set' are a just description of the Milner Group as a whole.
In fact, Viscount Astor was, relatively speaking, a late addition to the society, and the society should rather be pictured as utilizing the Astor money to further their own ideals rather than as being used for any purpose by the master of Cliveden...".

Above mentioned Archibald Henry Maule Ramsay b. 1894, d. 1955, was a British Army officer who later went into politics as a Scottish Unionist Member of Parliament. Ramsay was from a Scottish aristocratic family, a descendant of the Earls of Dalhousie
(Dalhousie Castle near by Edinburgh - 16 km south-east, and Glenmark in the County of Forfar - Angus was historically a county, known officially as Forfarshire, borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee, Perth and Kinross);
in 1913 he served in France for two years, then at the War Office in London; married on 30 April 1917 Lady Ninian Crichton-Stuart, nee Ismay Preston, daughter of Viscount Gormanston; served at the British War Mission in Paris to 1920; the 1920s was a company director,
near Arbroath (25 km ENE of Dundee), and Angus (area borders Dundee and Perth);
in 1936 he pointed to links between Spanish Republicans and the Soviet Union. Ramsay and Tyler Kent, a cypher clerk at the Embassy of the United States in London, were members of the Right Club but they were arrested - Ramsay was arrested under Regulation 18B on 23 May 1940. "The New York Times" published an article on "Britain's Fifth Column" in July 1940 which claimed Ramsay had sent to the German Legation in Dublin treasonable information given to him by Tyler Kent; in 1952 Ramsay wrote "The Nameless War" as an autobiography, theory re-interpreting the whole of modern history.

Above named the Earls of Dalhousie:

George Ramsay (d. 1705), younger son of the second Earl, served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Scotland in 1702. William Ramsay was created Baron Panmure in 1831;
John Ramsay (1775 - 1842), a Lieutenant-General of the General Staff of India. John Ramsay b. 1775 in
Cockpen, Midlothian, Scotland that is Cockpen and Carrington Parish, ca 15 km south-east of Edinburgh
- d. 1842. Son of George Ramsay, 8th Earl of Dalhousie
- 16 km south-east of Edinburgh -
and married in
Edinburgh in 1800 to Mary, daughter of Philip Delisle of Calcutta, India.
John Ramsay was maj.-gen. 1830; lt.-gen. 1841. Ramsay in 1793 served in Holland, then was stationed in Ireland in 1798, and proceeded to Egypt, 1801;
John Ramsay of Ochtertyre - 32 km west of Perth, Scotland - met him in 1801.
He was put up for Aberdeen Burghs in 1806 by his brother William Maule. He was Commander-in-Chief of the 79th Highlanders, Military Secretary to the Governor-General of Canada, 1819 and 1828.
He was Military Secretary to the Viceroy of India, the 9th Earl of Dalhousie between 1829 and 1832. He gained the rank of Lieutenant-General in the service (1833 ? to 1842 ?) of the General Staff, India - 1841.
Children of Lt.-Gen. John Ramsay and Mary Delise:
1. William Ramsay (1804–1871), a Major-General in the Bengal Army,
2. Admiral George Ramsay, (the twelfth Earl, he served under William Ewart Gladstone as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1886; his eldest son, the fourteenth Earl, was succeeded by his eldest son, the fifteenth Earl - a Deputy Lieutenant of Angus),
3. James Ramsay (1808–1868), a Major-General in the Bengal Army,
4. Lt.-Col. John Ramsay, 5. Anne Finlay Anderson,
6. General Sir Henry Ramsay (1816–1893), a General in the Bengal Army, whose grandson was mentioned above politician Archibald Maule Ramsay;
7. Lt.-Col. Robert Anderson Ramsay.

See in Bengal: Latour and
Alexander Ramsay, Lieutenant to the 57th Bengal Native Infantry, died at Lahore in 1855. Son of Colonel Michael Ramsay who served the Bengal Infantry. Born at Calcutta, 1821.
Balcarres Dalrymple Wardlaw Ramsay, Lieutenant-Colonel, died on 26th January 1885 in Rome, Italy; b. 17 Sept. 1822, son of
Robert Wardlaw Ramsay of Tillicoultry and Whitehill. Tillicoultry is located 18 km east of Stirling! Whitehill - 15 km south-east of Edinburgh.
Bonn Univ.; Lt.-Col. of the 75th Regt. in 1870; A.D.C. to Sir George Arthur, Gov. of Bombay, and to Sir Colin Campbell in India; ret. 1877. Married in 1851 to Anne, daughter of Edward Collins of Frowlesworth, Leicestershire.
George Spottisworde Ramsay, Lieutenant of Royal Artillery, died 7th June 1873 in Bangalore.

Too much in the military - political - intelligence structure is discussed below, is Irish and Scots. It used French families located in Switzerland, Ceylon, France, Russia. Scottish and Irish families combined to Naples and Marseille, Ceylon, Odessa and Japan; Russians, English and Pilsudski entered by Japan to Ceylon; parallel from Odessa the Zionist movement came out founding a base of the state of Israel. Odessa has paired their to Berezino, Ireland - Japan - Ceylon.

And the whole system took over the movement of German from Estonia, and underground combat movement of Pilsudski, combining the objectives of the independence of these two states: Poland / Lithuania / Belarus + Estonia / Latvia, and as I wrote above Israel. Then they created a counterintelligence and intelligence of new Bolshevik Russia and the USSR. It already was a masterpiece, but totally wrecked by Stalin in 1937 - have to say that in this case, Stalin was a genius.

At the end part of that intelligence system of Soviet Union took over the colony by building its so-called People's Polish Republic and the Ministry of Defence, through affinitized of the Konstantynowiczs: the Jaroszewicz, Spychalski, Zarako Zarakowski families and friendly Swierczewski family. Interesting in all of this is the use of Frenchmen to the creation of this system, most moved on the Konstantynowiczs - not so completely. This is the connection: Waclaw Sieroszewski a colleague of Azbelev, who was in Nagasaki - his brother is a director of the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz; so, the Nobel family with Sydney Reilly, an Irishman and a Jew from Odessa - this is the same family of Nobel, where the brother of above-mentioned was the head of the board of the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - this is short way to the Swedish Enigma! Waclaw Sieroszewski of course was mate to a brother of Jozef Pilsudski - Bronislaw, which of course anchored in Nagasaki, and then here sailed Reilly. One very interesting figure - erased from history: Nikolay Russel / N. K. Sudzilovskiy / Sudzilowski from the Mscislaw district.

It's amazing that the October Revolution in 1917, which swept the Russian Empire, allowing the reconstruction of Poland, broke out just on the anniversary of the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, exactly the 100th anniversary of his death, and around Lenin appeared figures of the Polish nobility, which adopted a sense of the Kosciuszko Polish patriotism.
"Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kosciuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east".

On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.

The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities. This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland.

Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state.

Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

Józef Piłsudski, Walery Sławek, Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz were 'collaborators' of military intelligence service of Austria - Hungary, with nickname "Stefan" since 1908; co-operated Aleksander Prystor, Gen. Bolesław Roja, Józef Beck, Gen. Edward Rydz-Śmigły, and Gen. Kordian Zamorski. Pilsudski in 1904 collaborated with Japan intelligence; Captain Joseph Rybak took care on Pilsudski, placing a group of agents in paramilitary organizations in Galicia, described as "The Informer R". Jozef Pilsudski was dismissed from the Austrian army in September 1916. Brigadier General Wlodzimierz Zagorski was born in 1882 in France. He grew up with his brother in Germany. In 1900 joined the Austrian army. Eleven years later, he began to work for "K-Stelle", 1914, as a captain, he was Chief of Staff Headquarters of the Legions. Formally, was the head of Jozef Pilsudski, who gave him the reports. Cooperation was not the best. When the Japanese-Russian war broke in 1904, Pilsudski decided to use the conflict for the Polish cause, get technical and material help for Polish irredentist aspirations. Japanese will give us the money to buy weapons and facilitate its reception in Hamburg, and we will collect them messages about the movements of the Russian troops sent to the East. These relations were surrounded by the biggest mystery. Only Pilsudski, Jodko, Filipowicz and Stanislaw Wojciechowski knew of them over one and a half year (April 1904 - October 1905).

Pilsudski had its plans to create in Galicia conditions for the military training of volunteers in the event of war between the aggressors and would create Polish troops fighting against Russia and would become the reborn Polish Army personnel.

In 1908 in Lviv, Cpt. Gustav Iszkowski teamed up with the Pilsudski movement. Probably by the end of 1908 Pilsudski spoke with the chief of the Intelligence Census Bureau, Maximilian Ronge. Then probably come to an agreement to organize the grid intelligence and sabotage against Russia in exchange for allowing the activities of the independence movement. In March, 1909 representatives of the Census Bureaus conferring with Pilsudski, Jodko and Slawek in Vienna. The project is called intelligence operation Informer R, directed the same Ronge - hidden it even from his own intelligence apparatus. The management of the organization called The Informer R were Jozef Pilsudski, Valery Slawek responsible for ongoing contacts with the representative of the interview, Captain Joseph Rybak; and Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz. By the end of 1912 Pilsudski organization might only auxiliary information.

Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1864 in Słuck, d. 1924 in Warsaw, nickname A. Wroński, Jowisz, diplomat; his parents: Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1834 - d. 1898 (probably son of Onufry) and Maria Sokołow - Skwarcew b. ca 1842. His father was ophthalmologist. Witold Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz member of the Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat since 1889, and Polish Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat / as II Proletariat, or Small Proletariat established in February 1888 and operated for March 1893. From January to July 1885 he studied medicine at the University of Dorpat / Tartu, Estonia; he came to Warsaw, then in September 1885 he went to Lviv, expelled from Austria, 1886, he studied in Würzburg, and then in Paris, graduated in 1889; London next; collaborator of the Centralization Social-Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat. In 1892 co-founder of the Polish Socialist Party; Jodko-Narkiewicz counted on the war between the aggressors and on ​​an armed uprising against Russia. Above
Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz, born on 23 Dec. 1834 in Puków in the Ihumen district,
died 1898 - Bobownia; Onufry Jodko - Narkiewicz was living in Pukow. Pukau / Pukowo / Pukow, at present: Komsomolskaja, a few km west of Sunaje and Kisiele;
north-west of Truchanowicze and Gresk, Anufrovichi and Anufri, north of Kondratowicze; south-west of Marina Gorka. In 1870, to the Минская губерния, the Игуменский уезд, in the Пуковская волость; Pukowo / Пуков is situated south-east of Tatury / now Charitonowka, and Kutschinka, east of Starica, Sloboda, Dumitshi; north-east of Kopyl. North of Sluck.
Janina Wiktoria Jodko-Narkiewicz, b. 1869
in Warsaw / Warszawa, was daughter of Witold Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz from Puków.
The Polish well-off proprietors in the Ihumen (Cerven) district in the second half of 19th cent. was the Jodko family in landed properties Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo and Onufrowo / Anufri.
Gardening in estates of the Ihumen district: Kuchcice, Tolkaczewicze, Malackowszczyzna, Pukowo, Cieplen, Smilowicze and Rawanicze.
In Pukow is a church, in the 16th cent. to the Puk / Пук family; 17th cent. to Olelkovich / Олельковичь and Radzivill / Радзивилл family; at the beginning of the 18th century to the Neuburg / Нойбург family from German taken from Boguslaw Radziwill / Богуслав Радзивилл, because his daughter Людвика Каролина / Ludwika Karolina Radziwill married to Karl Filipp Neuburg / Karl III Philipp von der Pfalz / Carl Philipp, b. 1661 in Neuburg; that is he married on August 10, 1688 in Berlin to Princess
Ludwika Karolina Charlotte Radziwill of Birze, daughter of Bogusław Radziwill, from this marriage four children were born: Leopoldine Eleonore Josephine, Maria Anna, Elisabeth Auguste Sophie m. Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach.
At Пуково / Pukowo in 1731 wielded the earth Franciszek Drucki-Lubecki / Франтишек Друцкий-Любецкий. In 1744 again to the Radziwill family, but at the beginning of the 19th cent. Dominik Radziwill / Доминик Радзивилл lost Pukowo, now Pukowo and Bobownia to the Narkiewicz - Jodko / Наркевич-Иодко;
in 1846 to Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz / Томаш Наркевич-Иодко, Catholic. 1857 new church; close to Пуково (now Komsomolskaja) is Кондратовичи and here in 1862 was the second church;
Ksawery / Ксаверий was son of above named Tomasz Jodko-Narkiewicz, and he bought from Wojnillowicz / Войниллович the Lopuchi estate / Лопухи, 3 km of Pukowo / Пуково; a father of Edward Wojnillowicz / Эдвард Войниллович - Adam was proprietor of above Lopuchi.
Estate of "Оттоново" to Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Онуфри Наркевич-Иодко;
Jakub Jodko-Narkiewicz / Якуб Наркевич-Иодко has the Nadnieman / Наднеман estate;
Onufry Jodko-Narkiewicz / Наркевич-Иодко has son Otton Jodko-Narkiewicz, in 1840 owner of 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm of Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina 1848.

Jodko-Narkiewicz owner of the 'Ottonowo' court that is a farm Chaniczewo / Ханичево, and the Малысковщина Наднёманом / Malyskovshtschina in 1848. Наднёман was property of

Jakob Jodko - Narkiewicz son of Otton Jodko - Narkiewicz, biologist, meteorologist, physicist and electrician, lived 1848–1905;

next owner Konrad Jodko - Narkiewicz, son of Jakob, in 1921 moved to Cracow;

next of kin Kristian Narkiewicz - Lein is living now in Chicago.

Наднёман is located north of Kopyl, near by Piasocznaje, south-west-south of Uzda, and north-west of Pukowo. Ханичево / Атонава / Калінаўка or Оттоново / Ханічава is located north-west of Pukowo, south of above Наднёман, near by Piasocznaje.

Above mentioned Jodko-Narkiewicz in Pukowo ca 80 km west of Osipovichi and north of Sluck. See near by:

1. Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666;

2. Michal Zbieranowski born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904;

3. Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Sluck! His mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749; grandfather: Florian Stanislaw Bulhak;

4. Zofia Bulhak daughter of Hipolit Bulhak / Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесницы / Колесничи of the Копыльски р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937.

5. The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинович Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county.

6. The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk.

7. 1867-1913 I. Bulhak (?) or Bulgak purchased (1861) from Lipovskii, villages Kamionka or Matseevich; Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.

8. Hieronim Bulhak son of Stanislaw Bulhak / Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and ca 26 km west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937.

9. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи - 15 km west of Bobruisk; south-east of Osipovichi (I check my mistake), close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933.

10. Bulhak family in 1870 in the Minsk government, Sluck district, the Lanska area - Kosmowicze; Kosmowicze / Kosmowiczi - close to Pukielevshcina, Bychovshcina, Tshanovici, north of Kleck, south of Niezviz / Nieswiez, near by Osmolowo, Lan, Leonowiczi.

11. Konstantynowicz, Wiesielowo / Veselovo village in the Osipovichi district, Mogilev region;

12. Konstantynowicz in 1894, Spustik village, the Igumen County; Byelorussian, individual farmer, lived in the Osipovichi district, Yasenovka / Jasieniowka;

13. Szymon Bułhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrówka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodwórek, Osipowszczyzna, Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze close to Kleck, Połoneczka by Dzwieja. Mikołaj Bułhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bułhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak ca 1695 - 1745?

14. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913); the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places. The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela.

And now we look at the text below written in January 2014. Bogdan Konstantynowicz, the author of this website believes that we can already, after a quarter-century of research on my genealogy, give to my readers to analyse and rethink, a few comments on the role of our family Konstantynowicz and the Polish-French family Armand from Moscow, in the deep structures of political intelligence of Tsarist Russia and in the strategic network of Russia's technology military intelligence and then even of the Soviet Union.

This is the text for further discussion.

Approximately one hundred years infiltrating of the military intelligence of Tsarist Russia by Polish agents in the years around 1814 - about 1922, brought unprecedented positive effect - Polish independence in 1918. But the Polish country was destroyed completely after the events of 1939, and above all after the creation of the Soviet protectorate in 1944/1945. Jozef Pilsudski served for the military Austro - Hungarian intelligence, rose to the rank of brigadier general there / Brigadier. So he took advantage from the Germans and Austrians structure worked out into Tsarist Russia, which created artificial figures in the revolutionary socialist movement: Trubeckoj Nestor, Peter Kropotkin, Lenin Ulyanov, as well as in Russian networks of the military and industrial structures of the second half of the 19th century: electricity, telegraph, ciphers, decryption, generators, radio lamps, lighting lamps, aircraft, aircraft engines and vehicles, magneto for engines, new types of steel, electrical cables, airships, cars, radio, then television and soviet nuclear industry. At the same time, the French military intelligence expanded in Russia, by the old French families, and others: English, Polish and Georgian in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The network intelligence gone back to the Napoleonic times and the Italian Legions. Through these Cracow networks have developed for a family Trubeckoj, Kalinowski, Oginski, Konstantynowicz, Paszkowski, Armand, Demontet, Duflon, Rey, Diserens. Russian military intelligence and counterintelligence created by Baltic German families from Latvia and Estonia, went back as far to families: Schilling, Benkendorf, Dubbelt, Rosenberg, Gernet, Rehbinder, Rosen, and next a military intelligence network reached Georgia and Svaneti - Racha: Japaridze, Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Maipariani - full this system took over the Pilsudski movement from the top, among others by family Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Moscow, Tallinn and Viljandi.

The great importance in this system of underground operation had Armand family from Moscow, next of kin with the Wild, Demontet, a Georgian families, Konstantynowicz and Paszkowski. Therefore they were relatives of Trubecki, Siedych, Rosenberg, Armand, Manfred, and had a Georgians family: Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Japaridze and Maipariani.

The Russian counterintelligence climb on this system. Now appeared Spychalski family, Jaroszewicz, Zarako Zarakowski, Swierczewski, Żymierski.
On the margin remained Malkiewicz and Horodecki, Szostak and Zbieranowski and Andrzejak of Lodz and many others from Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Belarus and Russia, and Finland, and of course in Sweden: Nobel, Damm, Hagelin, Hakker.
With the intelligence system of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and of the Tsarist Russia fully used by the Jozef Pilsudski,
in order to rebuild Polish state.
Took over the structure in Lodz, Krakow, St. Petersburg, in Belarus and Moscow. Inesse Armand and Anna Konstantynowicz were planted to Lenin, not counting other Armands.

Pilsudski always spoke he has got a few or a dozen years to build and re-build the independent Polish state, because then Russia raise with knees.
It was surely Stalin who idolized the Russian imperial state. However, it succeeded smash Russia in the 1917 - 1922 and rebuild Poland in 1918.

Curiously enough: 

New Russian military intelligence under different names operated from October 21, 1918. At this time the Red Army was already a huge and powerful body but after October, 1917, Bolsheviks faced with many difficulties, including the collapse of the army. Therefore, reorganizing the old army, they left in the War Department that is the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs - General Directorate of the General Staff (GUGSH) and this body consisted the 2nd Division of the General Quartermaster in December 1917, which was the central organ of intelligence and counterintelligence services of the armed forces of Russia. So by the end of 1918, Soviet military intelligence in full was as the legal successor of the pre-revolutionary military intelligence. GUGSH headed General V. V. Marushevsky (Polish?) who refused to cooperate with the new government. 

Then Quartermaster-General Nikolai Mikhailovich Potapov was new chief of the military intelligence (in 1915-1917, Potapov was the Main Director of the General Staff at the office of General Quartermaster. However, according to some reports, he - from July 1917 - collaborated with the military organization of the Petersburg bolshevik Committee. In November, 1917 to May 1918, Potapov served as Chief of Staff, and acting as assistant manager of the Military Department; in June 1918, he became a member of the Supreme Military Council, and from July 1919 Chairman of the Military Legislative Council). 

Colonel Yudin was the bolshevik Commissar and Peter F. Ryabikov, after the coup, was had remained in the office because the Bolsheviks did not touch the military intelligence, as opposed to counter-military intelligence, which they immediately dispersed, as it was involved in the campaign of charges the Bolsheviks was spying for Germany in the summer of 1917. Crisis of foreign intelligence commenced with the end of December 1917: colonel Andrey Stanislavsky (Polish?) entered the service for the French intelligence, and intelligence reports from the allies - the French military mission in Moscow - came to the end in July 1918. In February 1918, the country faced with bloody civil war, and in March 1918 the Soviet government established the Supreme Military Council for the organization of the armed forces of Red Army with a military leader, former tsarist general M. D. Bonch-Bruevich and two political commissars Shutko and P. Proshyan. On March 17, 1918, the Supreme Military Council included: a military leader, his assistant, Quartermaster-General with several assistants, and intelligence chiefs, a field inspector of artillery, and others; on March 19, 1918: Chairman - People's Commissar for Military Affairs Leon Trotsky, the Council members and above named General N. Potapov. In June, 1918 the Supreme Military Council was reorganized and included: a military leader Bonch - Bruevich, chief of staff and staff occupied by former officers, the deputy of the military leader appointed a former Major General of General Staff Alexander Alexandrovich Samoylo, an assistant Chief of Operations of the Supreme Military Council was Colonel Alexander Kovalevsky (Polish? April - May 1918). Kovalevsky, soon will move to the South, where he headed the mobilization management of the North Caucasus Military District; here he with General Nosovich (Polish?) were arrested by Stalin, but after Nosovich was fleeing to the 'white', Kovalevsky was again arrested and shoted.

Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich / В. Д. Бонч-Бруевич was publisher and one of Lenin's closet associates. Curiosity! Lenin signed certificate for V. Bonch-Bruevich on July 7, 1920 because of a month's holiday and travels to Kulgaevka / Kulgajewka village in the Klimovichi county, Moghilev / Mogilev province, when the Red Army went on the general offensive - begun on July 4, 1920 - against Poland. Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich had got a cabin in autonomous Finland and Lenin had hiding place there in period July - October 10th, 1917 [Old Style] i.e. to 23rd October; Vladimir Bruevich was administration manager at the Council of People's Commissars from November 1917; cf. F. Antoni Ossendowski, "Shadow of the bleak East", edition of 1919 and 1921, p. 57 - 58: he was known to sphere of Petersburg high society, Polish "old nobleman", secret chieftain of  socialists; he concealed of Trocki - Bronstein in Petersburg A.D. 1905 and also directed Chrustalow - Nosar or Chrustalov - Nosari in 1905.

The second brother, older - general Michail (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich either Bonch - Bruyevich Mikhail Dmitriyevich or Michal Bonc - Bruevic, see - if you read Russian - here:  http://history.tuad.nsk.ru/index.html (b. 1870 - died 1956; son of Dmitry who stayed in Moscow) who was tsarist general. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich from 1892 to 1895 served as an officer with the Lithuanian Guards Regiment at Warsaw. He was in command of the 176th Perevolochensky Regiment, based at Chernigov in 1914 and had known Russian aviator Pyotr Nesterov. The chief of staff and deputy commander of the Russian Northern Front and commander of the Northern Front from 29 August 1917 to 9 September 1917. September 1917 (?) a chief of the Russian military counterintelligence.
Above inf. acc. to http://www.x-libri.ru/elib/ by Arsen Martirosyan Benikovich, 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union'.
'Germane-norden' and 'Balticum' were extremely influential in Germany, and in Russia - representatives of the ancient aristocratic families of the number pro-German Ostsee (Baltic) Barons played a crucial role in large-scale after February and October 1917 Revolutions in Russia, close to the head of the Russian military counterintelligence Gen. M. Bonch-Bruevich (brother of Lenin's closest aide). Different source: On September 9, 1917, Бонч-Бруевич / Bonch-Bruevich was replaced as commander by Gen. V. A. Cheremisov / В. А. Черемисов and appointed to the Supreme Commander. Arriving at the General Headquarters in Mogilev, Bonch-Bruevich established contact with the Mogilev Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies and 27 September 1917 was co-opted into its executive committee in Mogilev by Dnieper river. In early October 1917, Bonch-Bruevich rejected the appointment of Governor-General of the Southwestern Region in Kiev and Omsk and took over as head of the Mogilev garrison.
But acc. to Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917-1990: A Biographical..., by Michael Parrish, we read that M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was a General in Tsarist Counterintelligence.
Next M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was chief of staff of the Supreme Commander after November 1917. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the military director of the Supreme Military Council and chief of general field staff of the Red Army (field staff of the Revolutionary Military Council) in 1918 - 1919.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the specialist in take a pictures from airplanes and organized the first technical office of aerial photograph in 1925; he wrote "The aerial photograph" in 1931 and similar book in 1934 (and  Grigorij - his son Mikolaj (2nd) b. 1896 was general of the Soviet air force).

The family von Pilar Pilchau from Pärnu and south-western foreland of Tallinn, played a major role in the political activities of Estonia in the nineteenth century, combining both stories Polish struggle for independence with history of Estonia.

Among relatives and next of kins of our Konstantynowicz 'Mscislau' branch appeared the Zarako Zarakowski family in the second half of 19th cent. and in the 20th cent.; 

the Spychalski family from Lodz was related to kinsmen of our lineage at the turn of the 20th century and in the middle of the 20th cent.; 

the Jaroszewicz family had connection to our line in the middle of the 20th cent. (the Jaroszewicz house derived from the Vicebsk province and had Prus the 1st arms, they possessed here the Ostupiszcze estate from Gruzewski family since 1710 to the end of the 18th cent.; Jerzy Piotr Jaroszewicz with Kwaczynski nickname was an officer here in 1713 - 1714 and somebody here in 1716; related to Kownacki, Rymaczewski and Kopakowski according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3; among others several of the Jaroszewiczs died in Old Bychow in 1655; priest Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666, Roman Jaroszewicz in Mahileu in 1682, and Jan Jaroszewicz in Vilna 1720 - 1722, another Jan Jaroszewicz and also his son Jan lived in Szaule near by Mejszagola in 1753, Ludwik Jaroszewicz lived in the Mscislau province in 1764; the Jaroszewiczs were related to Jankowski, Olszewski and Chodasiewicz families in the Dzisna district and also they served Radzivill family in the Minsk government at the turn of the 20th cent.; Dmitrij Jaroszewicz son of Konstantin, Russian admiral); 

Constantinovich / Konstantinovitz / Constantinowitz family in Russia, 18th and 19th cent. to the November Revolution 1917

the Swierczewski family was near socially associated with us, for instance in the sixtieth of the 20th century. 

Some Generals, Prime Minister, the Head of State and one marshal of the communistic Poland - creators of the Soviet   transitory administration 1943 / 1990 - derived from these families. Relatives of our Konstantynowicz branch kept in touch  with  Jozef  Pilsudski, Michal Zymierski and Wladyslaw Sikorski at the moment in the first half of the 20th century - marshals  and  General with different political views. 

It wonder that three Marshals and General - military prosecutor died with natural death but three remaining Generals died with tragic death.

The Jaroszewicz marriage was murdered by former Secret Service and the Soviet KGB officers, acc. to http://nowahistoria.interia.pl/historia-na-fotografii/. Jaroszewicz was supposed to suggest that Charles / Karol Swierczewski 'Walter' betrayed him in 1947, the secret disclosed by the Soviet General, concerning the replacement of the Polish communist leaders by Soviet agents-look-alikes.

About a backstage of murder of the Jaroszewicz couple writes in book 'Famous couples PRL', Sławomir Koper, ed. by 'Red and Black', at website http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/ on 11 February 2014. "...Jaroszewicz apparently had financial problems, but saved a sell-numismatists, which Peter has accumulated during his long career. ... journalist Bohdan Roliński published two interviews with former Prime Minister. ... indicated that Jaroszewicz spoke with Karol Świerczewski, who told him that the Russians used the 'method of matrioszka', of substituting Polish communist by Soviet agents - look-alikes. Jaroszewicz and Świerczewski have identified several 'matrioszka', including Jozef Swiatlo and Boleslaw Bierut. Jaroszewicz suggested that the death of Świerczewski could be related to this knowledge. ... Even more sensational hypothesis has a journalist of the weekly Angora, Leszek Szymowski, who stated that the reason for the murder was the Jaroszewicz archive, which contained a copy of the documents incriminating Wojciech Jaruzelski, Czeslaw Kiszczak and other politicians 80s. This crime was part of a broader plan to eliminate all that could stopped the conduct of political transformation, directed by generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski. Weekly Wprost published information suggesting that the death of Jaroszewicz has connected with the secret wartime archives of the Reich Security Office, which at the end of World War II went to the baroque palace in Radomierzyce near Zgorzelec. ... among others Gestapo informers lists, documents relating to French collaboration with the Third Reich ... In 1945, Colonel Piotr Jaroszewicz and several other officers had some explosive packages of securities before the archives were transferred to the USSR. ... Tadeusz Steć was killed in his own home at the hands of unknown assailants just a few months after Peter. Before his death, he was tortured... Jerzy Fonkowicz was assassinated in 1997. In 2007, the theory that the murder was related to the Jaroszewicz Nazi archive has placed the Criminal Intelligence Bureau of the Police Headquarters (in Poland). ... ignored the testimony of the witness (who said he saw one woman and two men the morning on September 1 came out of the house). At the end of 2005, analysts Archive X (section dealing with the explanation of complex criminal cases) found that from the register of the murder of Jaroszewicz lost key evidence, that is, the three bags with traces of unidentified fingerprints. The prints were found at the glasses of Jaroszewicz and cabinet doors located in his office... Biography of Jaroszewicz overgrown in many myths. The future prime minister was born in 1909 in Nieśwież ... ... In August 1943 he was still Private, but after several months already a colonel, and after a further eight (after the war) general! Even Napoleon Bonaparte promoted from lieutenant to general took a little more time...".

Generals of communistic People Polish Army: Karol Swierczewski, Piotr Jaroszewicz and Marian Spychalski (later on the Marshal) in the fourties of the 20th century were deputies of Michal Zymierski - Marshal and communistic Minister of Defense. The genealogy of my Mscislau "inlet" of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century  and after  when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo  but especial at the turn of the 20th century. It was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.  

This connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?

The historical and genealogical details.

The family von Pilar Pilchau from Pärnu and south-western foreland of Tallinn, played a major role in the political activities of Estonia in the nineteenth century, combining both stories Polish struggle for independence with history of Estonia.

Below I present abbreviation of the von Pilchau Pilar genealogy.

Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870, and Sauga. Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough. Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, nickname Alf, b. in Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa. His wife Julie Olga Eugenie von der Pahlen born in Pleskau or Pskow / Pihkva in 1865, her mother Helene Charlotte Louise von der Pahlen nee von Toll 1833 - 1910, and her grandmother Olga Karoline Olga von Toll nee von Strandman 1796 - 1861, her brother Karl Gustav von Strandmann 1787 - 1855, and her sister Wilhelmine Charlotte von Ungern-Sternberg nee von Strandmann 1785 - 1813.

The father of Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, born and died in Audru / Audern, 1814 - 1870. Grandfather Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814, who has brothers:
1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830; his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.
2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and
3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn. They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1767 in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jőgisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia. Jőgisoo (Jőgisuu) ca 3 km south-west of Kullamaa, south-east-east of Haapsalu, Läänemaa county.

On the Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt family:
Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina. She was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano.
She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Charlotte Julie Pila von Pilchau; Ada Pilar von Pilchau (Helene Bertha Johanna Adele von Gruenewaldt 1853-1889); Theodor Gustav Otto Peter Pilar von Pilchau; and Hilda Pilar von Pilchau.
We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano from Neapol. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau or Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor Mariano.
Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna Adele Gruenewaldt or Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt; she died in 1889 in Cannes; her husband Walter Johann Georg Konstantin von Grünewaldt was born 1843 in Hapsal /Haapsalu; his family owned Koik (Koigi) in Järvamaa: father Alexander Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1805 in Koik; his grandfather Johann Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1763 in Koik (Koigi), Järvamaa; great-grandfather Johann Adam von Grünewaldt died 1792 in Koik / Koigi). Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia. His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son:
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864 - 1944, and his mother Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie von Gernet (nee von Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt; her father Johann / Iwan Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt, from Hukas and Koik = Koigi; her grandfather - above named - Johann Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1763 in Koik (Koigi), Järvamaa; her great-grandfather Johann Adam von Grünewaldt b. 1719, landlord of Koigi) 1833 - 1909, near by the Pilchau Pilar family.
Richard Adolf von Gernet of 1863, known as Adolf, or Adolph. He was born on 14 April 1863 in Sellenkull / Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km, and south-west of Lehola. He was a graduate of the cathedral school / 'Domschule zu Reval' (a German-language institution, but it was closed in 1893) 1876 - 1881, and Dorpat in 1881-1886. He was a noted metallurgist after 'M. Inst. M.M.' that is the 'Institute of Mining and Metallurgy'. Adolf von Gernet worked in 'Privatlaboratoriums von Dr. Werner Siemans' in Berlin by Erik Thomson, where he was made ​​head of this laboratory of Werner von Siemens. In 1889 he built a gold wash in Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In 1892 he was representative of the company in America. Around 1895 he followed his brother Rudolf to South Africa where he was a Director of the 'Central Rand Gold Mine Ore Reduction Works'. He patented a process for extracting copper, which became known as Siemens-Halske electric precipitation process later. He presented a paper before the 'Society of Chemists and Metallurgists' in Johannesburg on electrical precipitation; von Gernet, representing the firm of Siemens & Halske, of Berlin, introduced the process in the Transvaal, and for several years it was extensively used. In the 1890s he studied with John Hays Hammond off the coast of Cape Town, the gold content in the sea water ('investigations off the coast of South Africa, not far from Capte Town, to determine the gold content of sea water in that place'). There was a 'Von Gernet Copper Company', but it was liquidated in October 1905. In 1898 he became the first Russian Vice Consul in Johannesburg. In 1901, he traveled through Peru and Bolivia. Later he was in Brussels. Acc. to me he back to Estonia / Russia 1906 ? - to 1917 ? He died on January 4, 1942 in Dingolfing, Bavaria. Adolph von Gernet married in 1898 Leonilla princess of Mestscherski with whom he had a daughter, Alexandra von Reitzenstein (1900-1965).
Above Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864, as Rudolf. He was born on 30 December 1864 in Sellenkull, Poenal, Laanemaa, (Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km and south-west of Lehola) Estonia. A doctor, who was latterly appointed by the Boer authorities to superintend the hospital, by James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine Rosslyn.
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet, migrated to South Africa in the late nineteen nineties together with his wife Olga Antoinette Vera von Dehn.

We back now to the first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar.
Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 / von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig - his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 in 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:
1. Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?),
2. Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774,
3. Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871, that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia; his father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army. His son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska / Zofia Januszewski.
She came from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806, she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.

Jacek Gilewicz from Marseille - grandson of Justin Dzerzhinsky / Justyn Dzierżyński, a cousin of Felix Dzierzynski, the adoptee by his parents. He has an archive of the sister of Felix - Aldona Dzierzynska, suddenly three pages of the manuscript; he was convinced that Stalin was poisoned Felix. He has cousin in Radom, Mrs. Wanda from Dzierżyński, died in 2011, owned a memorabilia of sister of Felix, Aldona, including a manuscript of 1909, photocopies of letters; Felix began to write to his sister when he went to high school of Vilnius, the last letter he sent to Aldona in 1919. In Moscow is living grandson of Felix - Felix Dzerzhinsky Janowicz / Feliks Janowicz Dzierżyński; old man, a professor at Moscow University. We remember that in 1923, Soviet intelligence resident living in Warsaw, Mieczyslaw Łoganowski had a group of young communists and came up with the idea that they had to go to Sulejowek, to pay homage to Pilsudski and then throw a bomb or shoot him. Łoganowski sent a plan of attack to Moscow. Felix categorically forbade him to implementation because of Anthony Bulhak Dzerzhinsky married a niece of Pilsudski. They have for some time lived with Pilsudski in Sulejówek. It was a very tragic situation. His brother Stanislaus Dzierzynski in 1917, was stabbed to death in their family mansion. Probably they were some deserters. Escaped from the front, returned to Russia, spent the night in the mansion. Felix had command track down the group. They have to be tracked and shot. From a letter to his sister Aldona Bulhak - Kojałłowicz (April 15, 1919): 'I am sending you things from Dzierżynow. Very solid gold jewelry was confiscated because of our rights... I know that this confiscation touches you, but I could not otherwise - that is the law of gold'. We have data of Jan Bułhak b. 1871 in Nowa Wilejka / New Wilejka, son of Mikolaj Bułhak and Antonina Zamkowicz.

Александр Карл Пилар фон Пильхау born 1802, in Wilno / Вильнюс, was married to Ионна Станиславовна Кульвинска / Joanna nee Kulwinska daughter of Stanislaw Kulwinski. His mother
Maria Cecylia von Bécu / Мария Цецилия фон Бекю and father Магнус or Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born 1768. His grandfather Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау born 1734, married 1756 in Tallinn / Ревель, to Катарина Хелена фон Таузас. Place of living: Халлик and Йоггис; Hagar / Hallik in Tamsalu, Estonia, county of Laane-Viru, south-west of Rakvere - eastern Eesti. Augustas Ludvikas Becu / August Ludwik Becu / August Ludwik Bécu b. 1771 in Grodno, his father - Jan Ludwik Bécu.
August Ludwik Bécu owner of Mickuny, married ca 1800 to von Pilar Pilchau 1770-1816
(we are looking for! Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780),

and he has two daughters: Aleksandra Mianowski nee Becu 1804-1832, closest friend of Juliusz Słowacki, and Hersylia Januszewski 1808-1872.
Teofil Januszewski, was brother of Salomea - mother of poet Juliusz Słowacki.

August Ludwik Bécu in August 1818 married second time to Salomea Słowacki,
when Juliusz Slowacki aged 8. August Ludwik Becu was sent in 1803 - 1804 from (Russia) the Vilna University to Scotland (UK).
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830:
his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801.

Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:

Major Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау / Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 or 1769
(his wife was Maria Becu
with her children: Zofia / София Пилар фон Пильхау and a son was born in Wilno / Вильнюс, Alexandr / Alexander Karl /
Aleksander Karol Pilchau Pilar, b. 1802),
Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, and
Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.
Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin:

Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein;

фон Людер / Luder died 1857;

Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779;

Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Becu (Maria Becu was married Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау / Magnus Maksymilian Fabian Pilar Pilchau b. 1768; her children: Zofia / София Пилар фон Пильхау and in Wilno / Вильнюс, was born Alexandr / Alexander Karl / Aleksander Karol Pilchau Pilar, b. 1802);

Katarina Elizabiet Pilar von Pilchau / Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау born 1769, d. 1835, in 1798 married to Johann Ditrich B. von Althann / Althan or Altham / Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан;
Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838;

Catharina Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau / Katarina Elizabiet Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1769 in Hallik, Estonia, d. 1835; daughter of
Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas;
she was wife of Johan Diedrich Benjamin Althan / Althann; and she was mother of Johan Heinrich Althan; Georg Benjamin von Althann and Emilie Helene Althan; her family:
Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau; Jakob Johann Baron, and Reinhold Woldemar; Margarethe Elisabeth Gfin. Manteuffel; and Gotthard Johann III Reichsgraf Zoege von Manteuffel.
Inf. by Elle Kiiker. Above mentioned
Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died 1801 in Jöggis / Jőgisuu; he was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia; Garde-Lt., Major of the Polish Army.
Inf. by Peter Trefilov. Above named Johan Diedrich Benjamin Althan: b. ca 1760 ? Above Georg Benjamin von Althann, b. 1803 d. 1856, husband of Sophie Cecilie von Hirsch and Olga Helena Kornrumpf; father of Elisabeth Sophie von Althann; Georg Alexander, Anna Adelheid, Ernst Moritz, and Adolph Richard. He was attorney, by: Elle Kiiker. Above Dr. Georg Alexander von Althann b. 1839 in
Pernau (Pärnu), Estland;
died 1898 in Aachen; son of Georg Benjamin von Althann and Sophie Cecilie von Hirsch; a medical practitioner, 'Korporatsiooni Livonia'. Above Elisabeth Sophie von Althann b. 1837 in Pernau (Pärnu).

фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779;

фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919;

фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.

Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau / Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau born in 1841 and died on January 11, 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia came from Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau b. 1734.
Maria Pilar von Pilchau b. 1839 in Санкт-Петербург / St Petersburg, d. 1922; daughter of Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau.
Evdokya Dmitrievna Horvath was born in St Petersburg in 1902, and married first in 1921 to Cecil Lewis, second time to Cedric Williams; she was the daughter of the military engineer General Dmitri Horvath, the second of six children of General Horvath and his wife Camilla Benois. Dmitri Horvath was the great-great-grandson of Marshal Mikhail Kutusov, and was connected to the Baltic aristocracy through his mother, Baroness
Maria Pilar von Pilchau. Camilla Benois,
a member of a distinguished family of artists, sculptors, architects and musicians, was herself a talented artist and sang and played the piano. Acc. to (Copyright in 2005) The Independent.

Above Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau b. 1791, was son of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Magdalene Wilhelmine Staël von Holstein, and was brother of Ottilie Gustava von Lüder, Hermann Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Gustav Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Georg Pilar von Pilchau, acc. to: Henno Linn, Peter Trefilov, Marc Peter Bauer and Anita Kuzmina.
Above Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau b. 1761 son of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.
Above
Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734, was father of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau,
Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau,
Catharina Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau and Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau; was brother of Dorothea Charlotta Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau. Acc. to Peter Trefilov and Bernard von Schulmann.
Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau b. 1803 in Padis. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau b. 1761 son of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Above
Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814,
has brothers:

1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830
(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 / von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, his father was retired major of the Polish army -
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801).
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.

2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and

3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Zofia Januszewski / Zofija Pilar von Pilchau
died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896. Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar! Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871, that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia; his father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida.

Mickiewicze Wielkie: in 1870 situated in the Minsk Governorate, the Slutsk district, volost Kleck, but in 1923 in the Poland, Province Nowogródek, the district of Nieswiez. Mickiewicze situated on way from Niasviz / Nieswiez to Klieck / Kleck, close to Asmolawa. It was the Витгенштейн family estate as Быховщизна in 1870 (Wittgenstein - Byhovschizna / Bykowszczyzna).
P. L. Wittgenstein to E. K. Pilyavskaya / E. Pilawska in 1886-1887. In 1887, Peter / P. L. Wittgenstein died, the son Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein; Peter L. Wittgenstein b. 1831, Vilna Province, Lieutenant-General, a military agent in France, the Russian-Turkish war, one of the richest landowners of the Russian Empire. Wankowicz family / the Vankovichs were living in the Slutsk county, lived near Kleck, Byhovschinka / Byhovschizna / Byhovschina and Ostreika / Astrejka in the Bobruisk (?) county, lived in the Borovische village in the district of Hlusk / Glussk. This Byhovschizna was in the Slutsk County. It was into the property of the Prince D. Radziwill, of Nesvizh. Above Lew / Prince Lev Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn b. June 7, 1799, the eldest son of Field Marshal Count Peter Xristianovich Wittgenstein / Piotr Christianovich Wittgenstein and Antoinette Stanislavovna Snarskii / Antuanetta Snarski / Antuaneta Snarska. He was married twice:
1. 1828 to Princess Stefania nee Radziwill, daughter of above Dominik Radziwill and Theophile Morawska;

with two children:
Maria or Antoinette Carolina - Stefania, and above Peter / Peter Dominic Ludwig 1832-1887, Adjutant General, Lieutenant General.
2. Princess Leonilla Baryatinskaya Ivanovna.
Stefania Wittgenstein b. Paris 1809, d. 1832, nee Radziwill - father Dominik Radziwill b. 1786, d. 1813; mother Teofila Morawska. Stefania was owner about 12000 km˛ that is 1 mln ha in Belarus (Miezonka...) and Lithuania. Her children: Piotr Wittgenstein b. 1831 and Maria b. 1829 with husband Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Her husband from 1828 Ludwik Adolf  F. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn) born 8 June 1799 in Kowno, He was first son of Ludwik Adolf Piotr / Pjotr Christianovich zu Sayn und Wittgenstein / Пётр Христианович Витгенштейн, who was born 1769 in Pierejaslawl Zalesskij either Нежин / Negine or Переяславл, and died 11 June 1843 in Lwiw / Lwow.
Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze
(Witold Bulhak / Bułhak owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. After death of dad and uncles he taken more Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow).
His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor; parents of Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789: mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749.
Florian Stanislaw Bulhak (a branch of photographer Jan Brunon Bułhak) + Krystyna Ciekawianka were parents of
Florian Bułhak b. 1750 d. 1806, Józef Bułhak (see below), Jan Bułhak, Wincenty Bułhak, Ignacy Józefat Bułhak / Ignacy Jozafat Bułhak / Josafat Ignatius Bulhak, Jerzy Onufry Bułhak b. 28 April 1749: branch of Aldona Dzierzynska (see below) and Władysław Bułhak.
Above Josafat Ignatius Bulhak b. April 20, 1758, d. February 25, 1838, Greek Orthodox priest, Uniate bishop of Pinsk (1787-1795), bishop of Brest (1798-1828), Bishop of Lithuania (1828-1833) and Archbishop of Polotsk (1833-1838), in 1817-1838 the Metropolitan of Kiev. Above Jozef Bulhak, the Uniate bishop of Pinsk and Turow, abbot of the monastery of the Basilian in Suprasl.
Great-grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 (father of FLORIAN STANISLAW, KAZIMIERZ, KATARZYNA, JAKUB m. BARBARA Wolk - Traby, FRANCISZKA, DOROTA, MARCIN m. MARIANNA WERESZCZAK, JAN b. 1700 m. NN MOGIELNICKA, Nowogrodek clark: probably from Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 come a branch of Gabriel Bulhak and Ignacy Bulhak of Bobruisk / Bobrujsk marshal and next generation here:
Witold Bulhak / Bułhak owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. After death of dad and uncles he taken more Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow, and south-east of Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family and Borki of 'Nadberezyncy'. Bułhak Gabriel, office clark in 1793 and 1810. Gabriel Bułhak with Syrokomla coat of arms, born ca 1750 / 1754, married in 1790), m. to Marianna Imielinski - Prawdzic; he taken estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. His parents: Benedykt Bulhak (b. ca 1640?) and Eufemia Protasewicz. Benedykt was from Konstanty Bulhak and Anna Zablocki, acc. to aordycz.republika.pl. Above Eufemia Bułhak (Protasewicz - Jastrzębiec) b. ca 1650 was mother of Mikołaj Bułhak, Jerzy Piotr Bułhak and Szymon Bułhak - by: Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska in 2007.
Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966. Her husband Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856 - his father Rudolf Jerzy Bulhak 1824-1894; grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789. Great-grandfather Jerzy Onufry Bułhak b. 28 April 1749. Children of Jerzy Onufry Bulhak: Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak, Beata Bułhak - Lopott - Trzeciak, Krystyna Bułhak - Niezabitowski, Ostroberta Bułhak - Woyna b. 1793, Duklana Pilecki b. 1795 and Julian Bułhak. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913) close to Marina Gorka. We know that BULHAK, J., was in Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk. Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor.
Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn Murowany. Here was living Jan Bulhak / Ян Булгак, son of Валериан Булгак, Walerian Bulhak or Walery; Jan Brunon Bułhak's parents were Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak - Syrokomla b. 1842 in Ostaszyn d. 1905
(he was brother of Karolina Karpowicz, Antoni Bułhak b. 1850 d. 1898, NN Bułhak, Barbara Bułhak from Sadek d. 1907 and Helena Kiersnowska; Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak was son of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak b. 1795 in Woroncza and JULJA HROMYK, and grandson of Florian Bulhak b. ca 1740, great-grandson of Florian Stanisław Bułhak from Mikolaj Bulhak and Katarzyna or Marianna)
and Józefa née Haciska - Roch (b. 1848 in Miratycze, daughter of Władysław Dachnowicz Haciski - son of Tadeusz Dachnowicz Haciski - and Anna Haciska), landowners in Ostaszyn. Jan Bulhak from 1897 to 1899, studied literature, history and philosophy at Jagiellonian University, Kraków. Back home, he lived in the village of Peresieka (Пярэсека) near Minsk, where he inherited a manor after his great-uncle's death (brother of one's grandparent or uncle of one's parent). Пярэсека, Минская область / Pereseka, close to Czurylawiczi, Kaikawa, ca 16 km south of Minsk core; 7 km south-west of Karaliszczawiczi / Koroliszczewiczi / Koroliszczewicze - here Konstantynowicz family.
Children of FLORIAN BULHAK b. ca 1740 and HELENA JABLONSKI: JÓZEF, WINCENTY, WLADYSLAW, IGNACY, MACIEJ b. 1794 d. 1863, JAN ANTONI FRANCISZEK b. 1795 in Woroncza d. 1850, and FLORIANA.

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Part 1 - Intelligence. Scotland, Ireland, Estonia, Switzerland, Russia. Bolshevik Revolution 1917. Key note.

Part 2 - Intelligence. Scotland, Ireland, Estonia, Switzerland, Russia. Bolshevik Revolution 1917. Key note.

Espionage and intelligence in Russia 1772, 1914, 1917, 1937, 1989.

We stayed in 

St Petersburg and Moscow

"Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co." 

abbreviated as 

DEKA 

Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho was a key figure in the development of the Russian  air force; well-bred in

Georgia  /  საქართველო  /   Sakartvelo  

Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich born 13 / 25 October 1832 in Peterhof, Field Marshal and on December 6, 1862 was appointed governor in the Caucasus and commander the Caucasian Army, with all rights chief of the army to July 23, 1881. Initiator of the compilation of the 'Caucasian Collection', published in Tiflis in 1876-1912. In marriage he had six sons and one daughter, among others Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April
1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France.
Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies. Mason, and called himself Philalethes. Receiving education at home in Georgia, often went for long voyages: 1886 - 1889 made a voyage round the world on the corvette 'Rynda' and in 1890 - 91, at his own yacht 'Tamara' traveled to India, described in his journals. In 1892 he commanded the destroyer 'Revel', in 1895, was a senior officer of a battleship and in 1899, on the battleship 'Admiral Apraksin', then transferred to the Black Sea Fleet, where he commanded the battleship 'Rostislav'. With the beginning of the 1st World War, in fact, led the fleet of Russia. In 1915, Admiral, with the December 1916 field inspector - general of military aircraft; after February 1917 was in the Crimea, and in 1919 went into exile. Since 1903 an honorary member of the Nikolaev Naval Academy, was also the chairman of the Eng. Technical Society. In exile, was the honorary chairman of the Union of Russian military pilots and he was the patron of the National Organization for Russian scouts. He was in France in 1909 and next established the Volunteer Aerial Association under his presidency (All Russian Aero Club) and set up the first military aviation school in Sebastopol in 1909 or 1910 - finally formed at Sevastopol (Sebastopol) for the winter 1912 and in Gatchina for the summer 1912; near to Russian military intelligence. The Duke, Freemason, Vice-Admiral was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian  Military Air Fleet  in 1914 or 1915  and  he  became Inspector of Aviation; aide-de-camp to Nicholas II, an old friend of the Tsar and  married to  his sister Xenia.

1892

At the beginning Louis Franzevich Dyuflon founded technical office in the 2nd half of the 19th century in Moscow. L. Duflon / Dyuflon and Apollon Konstantynowicz acted in the St. Petersburg branch of the 'Breguet' Company

(A. Konstantynowicz / Apollon Konstantinovich / Constantinovich for the Breguet Moscow branch).
At present the Montres Breguet SA is a member company of the Swatch Group of western Switzerland in L'Abbaye (L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne). It was founded by

Abraham-Louis Breguet in Paris in 1775.

Abraham-Louis Breguet or Bréguet b. 10 January 1747 and died on 17 September 1823, born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland (Neuchatel - see Duflon, Schaub, Christian Frautschi / Fraucci/ Frautchi / Frauchi b. 1839).


Acc. to 'rootsweb': Willaim Milton at Taunton in Somerset, died in 1844. CHILDREN: John Milton b. 1822, and wife Ann Cook had child Sydney Milton b. 1862 - who was living in Clifton Bristol. In 1890 Sydney Milton married Lina Susette Schwab / Lina Schaub b. 1867, St. Blaise / Hauterive in the Neuchatel district, Switzerland; Lina's parents were Jakob Schwab / Schaub probably b. in Ferenbalm, Bern canton, and Susanna Teuscher born in Daerstatten, Bern.
Ferenbalm / Les Baumettes, is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, 25 km east of Neuchatel, ca 20 km south-east of St. Blaise, and ca 22 km north of Fribourg.
Saint-Blaise is a municipality in the district of Neuchâtel in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. St. Blaise, close to Neuchatel, ca 6 km north-east. Hauterive is 5 km of Neuchatel, near by St. Blaise. Among others Pierre Duflon was living in Lausanne and Neuchatel, Suisse; Marc Duflon from Neuchâtel and BOVERESSE, 16 km north-west of Concise, and south-west of Nauchatel.
Sydney Milton / SIDNEY MILTON had the following children: Lina Rosalie Milton b. 1890, John Sidney Milton or Sidney John Milton b. 1891, William Frederick Milton, George Albert, Albertina Marguerit Susette Milton, Ellen Frances May Milton, Charles William Milton. Sidney was off in the Boer war; Lina died in 1904. The family SCHAUB, come from Neuchâtel, in 1868. Lina Schaub / Schwab, 1901 and was living in Bristol, England, but was born in canton de Neuchatel and married John Sidney Milton. It is believed that they died in Bern in the early 1900's; may have been living later in Canton de Friborg / Fribourg / Fryburg.
In Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel, Suisse, 21 km north-east of Concise (Schaub family; maybe as the Schwab), and 14 km south-east of Neuchatel, 19 km north-west of Fribourg; probably in the 18th cent. in Saint-Aubin were the Schaubs. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel and in Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Cobham - British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy.

Let's look again on ambassadors in the 18th century in Poland, France, in London. Let us remember about such persons as:
Stanian / Stanyan, Schaub from Switzerland, Sivers / Sievers from Estonia and Latvia. In the background are the family Rebinder / Rehbinder and von Pilar - Pilchau from Estonia. Of course, it is the branch of
Pilar Pilchau, which settled in Mickuny and Parnu.
Now details:
1. Anna Sophia Pilar von Pilchau nee von Berg, b. 1710, d. 1784 in Tallinn, Harju, Estonia; daughter of Jakob Johann von Berg and Agenete Wilhelmine von Meck; wife of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau; mother of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau; Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau; she was sister of Reinhold Wilhelm von Berg and Jakob Friedrich von Berg; Otto Gustav von Berg and Robert Johann von Berg. Copyright by Peter Trefilov. Mentioned Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died 1801 in Jöggis (Jőgisuu), Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia, and had children: Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich, Jakob Johann, Catharina Elisabeth, Reinhold Woldemar. Copyright by geni.com and Peter Trefilov.
Ebba Emilie Pilar von Pilchau b. 1866, her parents: Olga Marie Emilie von Staal and Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilchau von Pilar. Above Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 in Padis / Padise, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland / Estonia and died in 1862, and grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 from Jöggis / Jőgisuu, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland).
2. Father of above Anna Sophia Pilar Pilchau: Jakob Johann von Berg b. 1686 d. 1734. Husband of above Anna Sophia: Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau b. 1709, d. 1752, son of Friedrich Jakob Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth von Knorring, father of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau; Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau, all by Peter Trefilov.
3. Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, son of Joachim Johann von Sievers (b. 1699); grandson of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753 (his son Karl Eduard / Карл Ефимович von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg, father of Elisabeth / Елизавета Карловна Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata, Johann Carl Sievers of Ropkoy b. Lais (Livl.) 1749 d. 1805 acc. to: Peter Trefilov, Benedikte b. 1750, Peter and Karl Gustaf Joachim of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg); count 1798, Extraordinary Ambassador to Poland. Cementery in Wolmar in Livonia / Valmiera / Wolmar, is a town in northern Latvia, about 100 km north-east of Riga and 50 km from the border with Estonia. From 1749 to 1755 as a diplomat in London and Kopenhagen (embassy of Prussia), here he also had the opportunity with his superiors Count Tschernschew to travel to France and Germany and next to England. After he was active in the Livonian District and became in 1792 Russian ambassador to Poland. Then he initiated the process for the second partition of Poland. In 1794 he was an ambassador, after successful negotiations, recalled. Jakob Johann von Sievers b. 1731, from Wesenberg / Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland; brother of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. 1741; Carl Eberhard von Sievers b. 1745; Marie Helene von Guldenhof; Anna Magdalena von Köhler and Peter Christian von Sievers b. 1754, by Are Saarne.
4. Above Friedrich Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1675. Above Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 was daughter of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and was wife of Georg Johann von Sivers / Sievers b. 1750
(son of Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval and Leonette Wilhelmina Rehbinder / Lunetta Wilhelmina von Rehbinder
[family of Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers b. 1716 d. 1781 and Leonette Wilhelmina von Rehbinder 1729 - 1753: son Georg Johann von Sivers (b. 1750, Euseküll, Estonia; died Hiitola / Pukinniemi / Khiytola / Хийтола - a rural settlement of the Republic of Karelia, Russia) married in 1773 in Tallinn to Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau (b. 1749, Wait, Estonia) with children: Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers 1780, Anna Charlotta Christina von Sivers 1783, Dorothea Wilhelmina Johanna von Sivers, Elisabeth Christina, Catharina Hedvig Elisabeth];
grandson of Peter von Sivers b. 1674
[maybe Peter von Sivers b. 1674 = Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671 d. 1726, son of Joachim Sievers; this above named Christian Peter Sievers had children: Anna Magdalena / Анна Магдалена, Joachim Christian / Joachim von Sievers and Maria Elisabeth Gunzel, but Peter Trefilov in 2011 not informed about Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval;
Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671 had brother Joachim Johann b. ca 1674 - his son Karl Eduard or Карл Ефимович von Sievers b. 1710 of Nybygard; in this branch was Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, son of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. 1699, grandson of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753]).
5. Mother of Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 (wife of Georg Johann von Sivers / Sievers b. 1750), was Anna Sophia Pilar von Pilchau nee von Berg, b. 1710. Georg Johann von Sivers was son of Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval and Lunetta Wilhelmina von Rehbinder; grandson of Peter von Sivers b. 1674 / maybe Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671.

Luke Schaub, Lukas Schaub, Lucas Schaub b. 1690 in Basel, Swiss descent. Son of a notary, a study of law in Basel, diplomatic career in the service of England; 1715-1716 he was a British charge d'affaires to the Holy Roman Empire; 1720, he was - by the English King George I - knighted; 1721-1724 he was an English ambassador in Paris; 1737 he mediated in the so-called salmon fishing dispute between Basel and France. He married Marguerite de Ligonnier du Buisson, b. 1717, d. 1789. Father of Hans Heinrich Schaub (you must check!) and Frederica Augusta Schaub b. 1750, d. 1832 - she married William Lock; her child William Lock 2nd b. 1767, d. 1847. He married Elizabeth Jennings (d. 1847), daughter of Henry Constantine Jennings / Jennings-Noel, in 1805. He lived at Norbury Park, Surrey, England.
Above William Lock / Locke, William, the younger (1767-1847), amateur artist, friend of Henry Fuseli; Locke painted historical and allegorical subjects, after 1819 he lived at Rome and Paris (Paszkowski family in Cracow, Moscow, Rome and Paris also!); leaving one son, William 3rd, and a daughter Elizabeth. Locke, William, the third (1804-1832), captain and amateur artist, published some illustrations to Byron's works. He was drowned in the lake of Como, Italy; married Selina, daughter of Admiral Tollemache; he had daughter, Augusta Selina Locke b. 1833, married
1. Ernest Lord Burghersh,
2. the Duca di San Teodoro
(Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, 1840 - was an Italian philosopher and historian. Cecilia / Cecylia Mariano Pilar von Pilchau died 1896 in Italy, Neapol. She was born 1847 in Audern, close to Parnu, Livonia. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor of the University of Naples. Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna von Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt). That is on Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847–1896), from Italian cementery. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. Gorki was living on Capri Island (Lenin and Dzierzynski were here). Capri is close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani - was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW),
and 3. Thomas de Grey, the present Lord Walsingham.
Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham b. 1843 in Stanhope Street, Mayfair, London, d. 1919, was an English politician, 1874 to 1875 he served as a Lord-in-Waiting in the second Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli. Marriages to Augusta Selina Elizabeth LOCKE / Selina Lock in 1877, Marion GWYTHERNE-WILLIAMS and Agnes Baird HEMMING.

Child of William Lock and Elizabeth Jennings: Elizabeth Lock b. 1806, d. 1877 (Baroness of Wallscourt or Bessie). In 1822 she married Joseph Henry Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt, son of Colonel Henry James Blake and Anne French;
children of Elizabeth Lock and Joseph Henry Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt: Henry Joseph Blake b. 1823, William Richard Blake b. 1825, Elizabeth Frederica b. 1827, Elizabeth Nina b. 1830, Erroll Augustus Blake, 4th Baron Wallscourt b. 1841, d. 1918: 1874 married, firstly, Lady Jane Harriet Charlotte Stanhope, daughter of Charles Wyndham Stanhope, 7th Earl of Harrington and Elizabeth Still de Pearsall; married, secondly 1896, Mary Ethel Palliser, daughter of Sir William Palliser and Anne Perham; educated at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire; he was extra Aide-de-Camp to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Children of Erroll Augustus Blake, 4th Baron Wallscourt: Charles William Joseph Henry Blake, 5th Baron Wallscourt b. 1875, Erroll Wyndham Lincoln Blake b. 1875, unmarried, Elizabeth Lucy Eily Blake b. 1877, d. 1966 (she married Major Leycester Penrhyn Storr, son of Reverend John Storr and Amy Theodosia Leycester, 1907 and had: Norah Storr, b. 1908, m. F. D. Atkinson; Leila Storr, b. 1909, 1958 m. Edward McGarel-Groves; Winifred Storr, b. 1911; Jane Storr, b. 1916; Eliabeth Storr, b. 1918, m. Ian Spence), Elizabeth Honoria Blake, Margaret Phyllis Blake. Above Charles William Joseph Henry Blake, 5th Baron Wallscourt was married Ellen Mayo, daughter of Joseph Mayo. Literature by Rudolf Massini, 1953; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography in 2004; Stefan Hess. Above data copyright by www.thepeerage.com.

STANYAN, ABRAHAM (1669 ? - 1732), diplomatist, elder son of Laurence Stanyan of Headley, Middlesex. 1702, he was appointed secretary to the Earl of Manchester at Paris; 1705, as envoy to the Swiss cantons, taking with him bills of exchange upon the bankers of Genoa for the allied forces in Italy. Stanyan at once hastened to Neuchâtel; Stanyan returned home in February 1709, but was soon back again in Switzerland, and was in 1710 with a mission to Piedmont and 1712 at Milan. 1716 - 1717 appointed envoy to Vienna. 1719 - 1720 ambassador to the Porte in Constantinople, succeeded Edward Wortley Montagu; member of the Kit-Cat Club, Stanyan was on friendly terms with Pope. Abraham's younger brother, Temple Stanyan (d. 1752), appointed secretary under Viscount Townshend, 1719 he was appointed clerk in the room of his brother, and numerous diplomatic letters addressed to him from Paris during the embassy of Sir Luke Schaub; he left a daughter Catherine (d. 1801), who married Admiral Sir Charles Hardy the younger. Above Charles Edward Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester, d. 1722, educated at Cambridge,
envoy to Vennice, ambassador to France.

Sir William Trumbul d. 1716, was English envoy at Tangir. Lord Cobham, on a secret mission to Vienna to the Emperor Charles the Sixth; with General Cadogan and Sir Luke Schaub (he was secretary to Richard, lord Cobham, who was English ambassador at Vienna in 1715) were sent to Vienna to negotiate the Barrier Treaty. 1714, Cobham and Stanhope went together on an embassy to Vienna. Viscount Cobham = Richard TEMPLE, b. 1675, son of Richard Temple senior, 1706 Major-General, Field Marshal in 1742, Envoy to Vienna 1714-1715, Constable of Windsor Castle, 1716-1723; created Baron Cobham, 1714; created Baron Cobham and Viscount Cobham, 1718; 1749, the Barony of Cobham of Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England.
Admiral Sir Charles Le Hardy (1714 or 1716-1780) was the son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Le Hardy and Elizabeth Burchett. In 1749 he married Mary Tate and in 1759, following her death, he married Catharine Stanyan (see: Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland and Abraham's younger brother, Temple Stanyan d. 1752). The couple had three sons and two daughters. Sir Charles Hardy died at Spithead, leaving his estate at Rawlins, Oxfordshire, to his eldest son, Temple Hardy. By Catharine's death in 1801, only Temple survived of the three sons. Hardy's brother, Josiah, was a merchant and Governor of New Jersey. Captain Temple Hardy / Charles Temple Hardy (1765 – 1814) was an English naval officer active during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the capture of the Cape Colony in 1795. He was a son of Admiral Charles Hardy, at Rawlins, in Oxfordshire. The will, left his possessions to his wife and to his two unmarried sisters, Clare and Rachael Emilia. Rawlins, in Oxfordshire - Rawlins House, in Adderbury, close to Banbury, in Oxfordshire, north of Oxford.
In Concise (Suzanne Jean SCHAUB lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866. In Concise, Vaud, close to Grandson, Cortaillod, south-west of Neuchatel; north of Lausanne, ca 45 km), in the Vaud canton - 14 km north of Demoret / Démoret (Démoret in the canton of Vaud - ca 30 km north of Lausanne and Cully, 9 km north of Moudon). Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

The Schaub family in Switzerland - details: Sebastian SCHAUB, b. 1705, wife Elizabeth TSCHUDI, had Jacob, Elizabeth, Hans Heinrich b. 1735, Sabastian, Jr b. 1738, and Anna b. 1739. Hans Schaub b. 1700 in Ormalingen, d. 1760; Hans Jakob Schaub b. 1725 in Ormalingen, d. 1785; Heini Schaub b. 1728 in Ormalingen; Hans Schaub b. 1729, Ormalingen; Martin Schaub b. 1730, Ormalingen; Catharina Schaub b. 1734 - Ormalingen. Johann Jacob Frey b. 1648 in Baregg, Knonau, Zurich, Switzerland, husband of Anna Maria Schaub(en) b. 1649 in Langensoultzbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France, daughter of Matthias Schaub and Ursula Lange. Matthias Schaub from Langensoultzbach, Bas-Rhine, France. Lucas Schaub b. 1690, d. 1758, father of Hans Heinrich Schaub, by Carl Theodor Ekelöf and Magnus Ljungkvist. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. in Sissach, Switzerland in 1681 to Bastian Schaub and Maria Kirsteiner. Hans Heinrich married Ursula Horand and had a child. Sebastian Schaub 1704-1733, in Switzerlamd 1704 to Hans Heinrich Schaub and Ursula Horand. Sebastian married Elisabeth Tschudi and had 3 children, died 1733 in Sissach, Basel, Switzerland. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. 1681. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. 1695 d. 1745. Sebastian Schaub b. 1715 in Sissach + Elsbeth Tschudin. Anna Maria 1751-1820 m. to Martin SCHAUB 1742-1826. Johannes 1728-1818 m. 1749 to Anna KESSLER 1724-1804 had Anna 1749, Maria 1751, Hans Jakob 1756-1828, Elisabeth 1758, Anna Barbara 1760, Johannes 1766 m. 1792 to Catharina MEIER 1771-1792 with children: Hans Jakob 1792 m. 1821 to Anna LUEDIN; above Johannes b. 1766 m. second time in 1800 to Elise NEFZGER: Johannes 1801 + Barbara SCHWOB, Martin 1802, Martin II 1804 m. Barbara HEID, with children: Luise 1837, Martin 1841-1889 + 1869 to Elisabeth ERB 1845-1924 with children: Lina 1872 died 1923, Auguste 1876, Luise 1877, Elisabeth 1811.

As an independent director of the Noblessner was elected nobleman A. Shaub / A. Schaub / А. В. Шауб, co-owner of two St. Petersburg industrial enterprises, acc. to: M. N. Baryshnikov, Noblessner: Formation of Financial and Industrial Group in St. Petersburg in the Early Twentieth Century, ed. 2013 - this article is devoted to the research of the formation of financial and industrial group Nobel-Lessner in St. Petersburg in the early twentieth century. It should be noted that for the Nobel interest is important activities of his brother (cousin acc. to me) - Gustav Schaub, owner of the mechanical production company in Estonia and director of the Society Volta in Revel (company, also co-operated with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, specialised in the production of dynamo maschines and electricity motors, and in 1917 its authorized capital amounted to 2,000,000 rubles) and Director of the Company called Karl Winkler in St. Petersburg. Society Volta supplied also the plant Noblessner in Revel / Tallinn.

The Tallinn plant Volta / 'Volta tehas', was one of the largest enterprises of the Estonia, specialized in the production of electric motors of different types and capacities. It was in Tallinn, street Teestuze; historical Volta factory was founded in 1899.
On April 15, 1899 Joint Stock Company Volta, had shareholders:
Карл-Вильгельм Лутер / Carl Wilhelm Luter / Charles William Luther, Кристиан Лутер / Christian Luther, Girard, Кристиан-Бертольд Роттерманн / Christian Berthold Rottermann, Rosen and Ingmann and the Riga Commercial Bank (former German company AEG).
Joint Stock Company Volta has acquired land in Revel and began construction of the plant, received its name from the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta; the plant began work on January 5, 1900 and was originally produced electric motors, generators, lighting systems, including equipment for the Tallinn power station. Generators produced at the Volta, gave the first electricity for homes of Tallinn in 1913. Before the revolution, the plant employed about a thousand people; In the summer of 1903 Carl Wilhelm Luter, during a trip to Berlin, died aged forty-four. Carl Wilhelm Luther - the eldest son of Alexander Martin Luther / Александр Мартин Лютер, the founder of a furniture factory, famous not only in the province of Estonia; after graduating from Riga Polytechnic, he worked for several years in St. Petersburg, after which he returned to his hometown. In Revel, son of the founder of a furniture factory, Luther was not only the owner of the enterprise, but also led the technical management of production; 1899, together with his younger brother Christian, Carl founded the electro-mechanical factory Volta, becoming its director; he is the author of Charles Luther Public House in Revel, 1904.

Carl Wilhelm Luther born 1859 in Tallinn, d. 1903 in Berlin, as a son of the German Baltic merchant and entrepreneur Alexander Martin Luther (1810-1876) and his wife Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). Carl's older brother was the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914); Carl Wilhelm Luther concluded in 1885, the Polytechnic of the Livonian capital Riga in mechanical engineering, working in St. Petersburg, and next he returned to Estonia. Carl Wilhelm Luther was son of Alexander Martin Luther and Henriette Caroline Luther, and was husband of Sidney Frances; he was father of Winifred Luther, by Ilmar Raudmägi. Alexander Martin Luther b. 1810 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Christian II Wilhelm Luther and Johanna Amalie Amalie. Brother of Gerdruta Carolina Paulsen; Auguste Charlotte Luther; Catharina Henriette Luther; Helene Amalie Luther; Johann Christian Luther; Leopold Luther; Moritz Wilhelm Luther and Ferdinand Wilhelm Luther, by Lasse Söderström, Raul Kalev, Epp Ehasalu. Above mentioned Johanna Amalie Amalie Luther nee Gebauer b. 1774; daughter of Johann David Gebauer, II. Above Christian II Wilhelm Luther b. 1774 in Tallinn, Harju; d. 1841. Son of Georg Christian Luther, II and Maria Helene. Copyright by Lasse Söderström and Ehasalu. Above Georg Christian Luther, II was born 1717 in Breslau / Wroclaw, Poland. The entrepreneur Georg Christian Luther (1717-1800) in 1742 emigrated to the Russian Empire to Tallinn. Above mentioned Alexander Martin Luther b. 1809 / 8th Jan. 1810 in Tallinn, Estland; d. 22 September 1876. In 1870, Alexander Martin Luther co-operated with the businessman Markel Makarov; from 1848 to 1864 Luther was councilor in Tallinn, 1855 to 1864 he was treasurer of Tallinn. Luther's sons: Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and Carl Wilhelm Luther (1859-1903). Alexander Martin Luther was married three times, to Louise Gebauer, to Therese with three daughters and a son, and to Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). In last marriage, three sons were born: the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and Carl Wilhelm Luther (1859-1903) and the theologian John Henry Luther (1861-1932) in Kadrina, and in Narva; Kadrina in the Lääne-Viru in Estonia. The A. M. Luther Company was founded in Tallinn in 1877; it was winner of the Grand Prix of Paris for a waterproof glue, with alliance of other companies such as

Venesta of London - A. M. Luther Venesta, which operated the tea trade between Ceylon and London. Christian founded a shareholder company Luterma which later went into a partnership with Venesta, in London; 1909 he started a factory in Staraja Russa; Martin began his career at Venesta but returned to Tallinn to run Luterma.
Henry Kerr Rutherford / Henry Rutherford was working for Venesta since 1908 and in 1912 as managing director of Venesta, partner of the A. M. Luther AG. Next the chairman 1944; born 1886 in London, UK, d. 1972 in Banstead, Surrey. Son of Henry Kerr Rutherford senior; husband of Dorothea Elizabeth Olga and father of Henry Christian Rutherford, and Bevan. The A. M. Luther AG / Luterma / A. M. Luther Mechanical Woodworking Factory was founded in 1883, in 1908 Luterma established a sister company in London, the Venesta Plywood Company and branch offices in many European countries including Germany, Sweden, France, and Italy. Above
Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England.
He heard about waterproof plywood that was being made in Estonia, it might be suitable for packing tea; he sent his son, also Henry, to Tallinn; he met Christian Luther and also met his daughter Dorothea Dolly; Dolly and Henry were married in Tallinn in 1910. Their son Henry called Harry, was born in Tallinn in 1911 and the family moved back to England in 1912. Henry became CEO of Venesta which was the UK partner firm of A. M. Luther. Above Dorothea Elizabeth Olga Rutherford nee Luther, b. 1890 in Tallinn; she was daughter of Christian Wilhelm Luther and Nelly; Christian Wilhelm Luther b. 1857 in Tallinn, son of Alexander Martin Luther and Henriette Caroline; Mentioned above Nelly Luther nee Greiffenhagen was born 1861 in London, and died 1934 in London; she was daughter of August Greiffenhagen / Augustus Samuel, b. 1820 in Kuznechikha, Arkhangelsk province in Russia.
For the Venesta acted B. J. Butler 1909, director 1946; S. A. Field.

Ken Rutherford in 1896 had been in Tyllyrie; he was the prominent figure in Ceylon's planting annals, in an article published in 1907, Rutherford describes the progress made by Ceylon in the plantations sector, in the decade just passed. Working together with D. Reid and E. A. Cooke, he had purchased land in the Dickoya valley for coffee and tea at estate called Tillyrie. Ceylon’s growers agreed with Rutherford and in 1886 they formed a voluntary tea syndicate. At the Colonial and Indian Exhibition held in London in 1886, Tillyrie was awarded. This was followed by a certificate awarded in 1889 by the United States of America. Kelani Valley Plantations ca 70 km east of Colombo (Luccommbe & Rutherford). Tillyrie Estate Dickoya / Dickoya is 24 km east of above named Kelani, south of Kandy, capital of The Central Province of Sri Lanka. J. H. Rutherford Lee in Kohowalla, manager 1912 in the Pillagoda Valley 1927-1928. Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England; was born as Henry Kerr Rutherford b. 1886 in London, UK in family of Henry Kerr Rutherford senior, b. 1846, d. 1943, (Ceylon Tea Planter's Note-Book by H. K. Rutherford, 'Times of Ceylon', Colombo, 1931) who was son of Peter Rutherford and Eliza nee Kerr. Peter was brother of Mary Aitken; Robert Ruecastle, Elizabeth Ruecastle Davies; Janet Roberts and Peter.

Peter Rutherford was tea planter in Sri Lanka, but Peter Rutherford was born in 1794 in Kelso, at Scottish Borders, in Scotland, died 1856, was son of Robert Rutherford and Elizabeth Ruecastle daughter of Walter Ruecastle who died in Hawick, Scottish Borders. Mentioned Robert Rutherford b. 1769 in Jedburgh, Scottish Borders, was son of Patrick Rutherford and Isobel Common. Jedburgh located in the Scottish Borders and historically in Roxburghshire, south-east of Edinburgh.

Henry Kerr Rutherford (b. 1886) heard about waterproof plywood that was being made in Estonia, it might be suitable for packing tea; he sent his son, also Henry, from Ceylon to Tallinn. Henry Kerr Rutherford / Henry Rutherford was working for Venesta since 1908 and in 1912 as managing director of Venesta, partner of the A. M. Luther AG. Next the chairman 1944; born 1886, d. 1972 in Banstead, Surrey. Nelly Luther nee Greiffenhagen was born 1861 in London, and died 1934 in London; she was daughter of August Greiffenhagen / Augustus Samuel, b. 1820 in Kuznechikha, Arkhangelsk province in Russia; wife of above named Rutherford Henry junior. Her sons: Henry Christian Rutherford; Bevan. Above Henry Christian Rutherford, called Harry, b. 1911 in Tallinn, d. 1991 in Haywards Heath, West Sussex. His son Christopher Rutherford.

More at www.clanrutherfurd.org: 1. Sir John Rutherfurd, Lord Edgerston, b. 1687, wife: Elizabeth Cairncross of Langlee; 2. John Rutherfurd (1712-1758), younger, of Edgerston, born 1712, died at the battle of Fort Ticonderoga, he represented Selkirkshire and Roxburghshire in Parliament. 3. John Rutherfurd of Edgerston (1748-1834), born at New York. 4. Jane / Jean Rutherfurd, sister of John Rutherfurd of Edgerston, wills 1753 and 1758, died 1820, married William Oliver of Dinlabyre in Liddesdale. 5. William Oliver-Rutherfurd (1781-1879), eldest son of Jane and William Oliver, born at Weens 1781 and educated at Eton and Edinburgh University.

And now compare the data concerning the Ceylon with another English - French family:

Daniel Carlier, b. 1766, London, England; died 1829 in Palamcottah, Tamil Nadu, India, son of Jacob Carlier and Susanne Mercier; inf. by Marco Alexander Herbst. Daniel Carlier m. Mary Marlain; he was born in 1770 / 1766 at London, England (? - in Colombo, Sri Lanka), d. 1822 / 1829 in Palamcottah, Tamil Nadu, India. Husband of Mary Marlain; father of Henry Augustus Carlier; Mary Carlier; William Evans Carlier; David Evans Carlier and Daniel Carlier; brother of Isaac Carlier, half brother of Abraham Carlier, inf. by Marco Alexander Herbst at geni.com in 2009; Mary MARLAIN b. ca 1770, d. 1855 Ootacamund; Daniel Carlier born in 1770 / 1766 was working as Conductor of Madras Invalids; is the man who leaves the Huguenot community in London to go to India. Daniel's parents were Jacob Carlier and Susanne Mercier, both born in London; he married a woman from Colombo, Mary Marlain, in 1807 in India, but he had also son Daniel, born about 1796. He had son Daniel second who married Eliza Grace Evans in 1829 in Palamcottah, Madras province, from his third wife - her father may be William Evans. Mary Carlier (Marlain) b. ca 1770 in Colombo, Ceylon; d. 1855 in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.

At this same time Peter Rutherford was tea planter in Sri Lanka since 1840 ? In 1824 a tea plant was brought to Ceylon by the British from China. Experimental tea plants were brought from Assam and Calcutta in India to Peradeniya in 1839 by the East India Company.

The CARLIER name is French Huguenot, French Protestants and in 1720 Jan CARLIER born in Amsterdam, North Holland had two children born in Colombo, Sri Lanka which was colonized by the Dutch. Marriage record for Daniel CARLIER in 1807 to Mary Marlain from Colombo, lived in Fort St George, Madras. But Elizabeth CARLIER b. 1828 had parents D. CARLIER and Elizabeth. It is possible that the Huguenot CARLIER from England went to South India with the East India company; above data under copyright by Moira Breen from USA.

The A. M. Luther furniture factory was created by Christian IV Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914); Alexander was the father of both Ferdinand Justinus, Fred Luther's grandfather, and of Christian IV; another Alexander Martin was Uncle Martin. Father Christian IV Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and son Martin Christian Luther (1883-1964) were successive directors of the plywood factory in Tallinn since 1884. The fire at the Venesta Works, Silvertown, London on January 19th, 1917, occurred at a munitions factory; 50 tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploded. The factory was built in 1893, but production of TNT began in September 1915. The method used was invented by F. A. Freeth; another plant, at Gadbrook, was built in 1916; in 1896 'The Venesta Syndicate' was formed for the tea-chests, and in 1906 Venesta Ltd. used the southernmost portion of Napier Yard, as manufacturer of wood and metal cases, boxes and barrels.

In France in some large French cities were set up some phone lines by formed the first French telephone companies. The Maison Breguet in Paris supplied them from the French concessionaire, Cornelius Roosevelt. In Britain they were made for William H. Reynolds by the THE INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND TELEGRAPH WORKS COMPANY, LIMITED, known by its location near London as

The Silvertown Company - The Gutta Percha Co., High Street, Stratford; 3 and 1/2 km north of Venesta, walking by Prince Regent Ln!

At the beginning Dr. William Montgomerie from Malaya, Michael Faraday and Charles Mackintosh, manufacturer of waterproof clothing, Thomas Hancock and his brother Charles found gutta percha the ideal material, and Henry Bewley, manufacturer of soda water, formed the Gutta Percha Company on 4 February 1845. Venesta of London - A. M. Luther Venesta. The factory was built in 1893 on the south side (River Thames side) of North Woolwich Road (now the A1020, nearly opposite Mill Road) by Brunner Mond, a forerunner of Imperial Chemical Industries, to produce soda crystals and caustic soda. Venesta Ltd., now Aluminium Foils Ltd., North Woolwich Road, Silvertown.

Василий Васильевич Шауб / Wilhelm Schaub / Wilhelm Johann-Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub, 1861 - 1934. Vasily Schaub / Wilhelm Johann Christian, Russian architect, also being built in Moscow, Saratov, Yekaterinburg. Son of Василии Иванович Шауб (1834 in Göttingen, d. 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia) / Wilhelm Karl Albert Emil Schaub. Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony. Grandson of Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub (b. ca 1800 ?).

Probably Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub come from Johannes b. 1766 m. second time in 1800 to Elise NEFZGER, who had child Johannes 1801 (Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub) + Barbara SCHWOB.
Wilhelm Johann Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub was father of Woldemar Schaub and Gustav Schaub. Brother of Amalia Marie Julie Wasmer (1862 Petersburg - 1935 Berlin, wife of Richard Julius Wasmer); Alexander Schaub (1866 - 1934, husband of Emma, father of Boris Schaub; Wera Kudrevich / Wiera Kudrewicz and Alexander Schaub junior) and Heinrich Wilhelm Schaub. All above data acc. to Karin Lindsalu Heermeyer at geni.com, his mother Julia Maria Schaub nee Zeh. Above Gustav Schaub, b. ca 1885? husband of Sophie, father of Sophie younger. Brother of Woldemar Schaub who was husband of Waleska Schaub / NN nee Walewska?
Hans Jakob 1768-1827 m. Elise MEYER and Verena WALLISER had: Verena 1794-1849 + Rudolf SCHAUB 1778, Hans Jakob 1797, Hans Jakob 1798 + Anna Barbara EHRSAM 1806 with children: Johan Jakob 1829 (Johann Jakob Schaub b. 1828 in Itingen, 1 km near by Sissach), Anna Barbara 1829, Johan Jakob 1831-1890 + Anna Margaretha TSCHUDIN b. 1845 with children: Anna Maria 1867, Anna Barbara 1868, Johan Heinrich 1869, Johan Heinrich 1870, Anna 1877, Rudolf 1883; Rosina 1833, Anna Barbara 1835, Johan Rudolf 1837 + Anna Maria BOLLIGER 1839-1907 with children: Arnold 1880; Johan Rudolf 1837 + Elisabeth TSCHUDIN 1841-1879 with children: Johan Jakob 1860, Rudolf 1862, Elisabeth 1863, Emil 1865 + Regula STAUFER had Jakob Ewald 1891-1913; Wilhelm 1867 + Elisabeth KYBURG had Johan Wilhelm 1891-1912, Ernst 1896-1918; Albert 1869, Maria 1873 + Alexandre CEPPI; August 1876, Emilie 1879; Johannes 1839-1911 + Anna Margaretha GISIN 1837-1872 had Johan Jakob 1858 + Elise GENTSCH with Elisabeth 1885, Anna Barbara 1859, Johannes 1861, Elisabeth 1863, Johannes 1864-1923; Johannes 1839-1911 + Verena BUSER had Arnold 1873, Verena 1878, Arnold 1886; Ursula 1845, Johannes Heinrich 1849 + Emma FLUBACHER had Johan Heinrich 1873-1919 + Sophie WAGNER, Karl 1875.
Around 1750, the baker, Johann Jakob Schaub, bought the Inn zum Engel in Basel, and in 1801, the son-in-law of Johann Jakob Schaub, Martin Leutenegger. Above baker is maybe Johannes 1728-1818 m. 1749 to Anna KESSLER 1724-1804. Conrad Schaub was born 1843, in Oberglatt county - 13 km north of Zurich, Switzerland, to Solomon Schaub and Susanna Maag. Solomon was born 1805, in Switzerland; Conrad Schaub became a civil engineer in southern Germany, Worms; married Maria Anna Alker in 1867. They moved back to Switzerland in 1869, and Karl Conrad jr. was born to them in 1869, Zurich. Descendants of Johannes Friedrich Schaub b. 1717 in Buss (?), Switzerland, and died 1801 in Bethania, N.C. He married DESERTE MARIA SCHUMAKER in 1743 in Marienborn, Germany.
Heinrich Schaub b. 1802 in Sissach, close to Basel; Swiss politician in the Basel canton 1832, 1838 und 1850, 1869 to 1870.
Jakob Schaub b. 1862 in Gelterkinden, 4 km east of Sissach, south-east of Basel; editor and printer, Basel, Zürich, in Sissach.
Johann Jakob Schaub b. 1828 in Itingen, 1 km near by Sissach.
Others in Switzerland: Otto Schaub (1886–1955), Samuel Schaub (1882–1962), Walter Schaub b. 1885 in Sissach; d. 1957 in Bottmingen, near to Basel, Swiss politician. Schaub family in Ferenbalm / Les Baumettes, is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, 25 km east of Neuchatel, ca 20 km south-east of St. Blaise, and ca 22 km north of Fribourg.
At this time to Basel in Switzerland goes Parvus of Berezina in the Minsk province from the Russian Empire, too. Alexander Lvovich Parvus / Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (1867-1924), from Jewish family in Berazino, the Ihumen county; next he moved to Odessa to Israel's paternal grandfather; he had left wife Tanya Helfand and his son; 1886 - 1887 in Basel, Switzerland; and again in 1888 Gelfand at the University of Basel to 1891; next Germany, 1900, met Lenin in Munich and begin publishing his revolutionary paper 'Iskra'; he again met Lenin in Bern in May 1915.

Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel, Suisse, 21 km north-east of Concise (Schaub family), and 14 km south-east of Neuchatel, 19 km north-west of Fribourg; probably in the 18th cent. in Saint-Aubin were the Schaubs. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel and in Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Cobham - British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy.

François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (near by Cully in the Lavaux; the Lavaux is a region in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, in the district of Lavaux-Oron; the Lavaux at northern shores of Lake Geneva; village Forel = Lavaux, north-east of Lutry) and Villeneuve was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km. The Demontet family - in Villette in the Vaud province. Villette on way from Lutry and Cully. Cully is near to Riex. The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds - is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. Also St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne (St-Aubin-Sauges is 6 km north-east of Concise where the SCHAUB family lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866), Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel. La Chaux-de-Fonds 15 km north of Neuchatel.

Originally Prussian, Abraham Louis Breguet began his career as a watchmaker but also a physicist.

His son Louis-Antoine Breguet. His ancestry was French but his family were Protestants so they fled to Switzerland after Edict of Nantes in 1685.
He met
Abraham-Louis Perrelet and Xavier Gide.

In 1795 Breguet returned to Paris. Circa 1807 Breguet brought in his son, Louis-Antoine (born 1776) as a business partner, and from this point the firm became known as Breguet et Fils. He sent his son to London to study with the great English chronometer maker,

John Arnold.

Abraham-Louis Breguet died in 1823 and it was carried on by Louis-Antoine to 1833 (he died in 1858), and after the business continued under Abraham-Louis' grandson

Louis François Clément Breguet born on 22 Dec. 1804

in Paris.


Louis Francois Clement Breguet work in the early days of

telegraphy, educated in Switzerland. Louis François Clément Breguet

was a French physicist, "1835 and 1840 he standardized the company product line of watches, ... and diversified into scientific instruments, electrical devices, recording instruments, an electric thermometer, telegraph instruments and electrically synchronized clocks

(Masson, Antoine Philibert and Louis Breguet in 1841 ed. 'Memoire sur l'induction', Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris, 4 (3), p. 129-152; Masson describes the toothed wheels that functioned as an interrupter).

With

Alphonse Foy, in 1842 he developed an electrical needle telegraph to replace the optical telegraph system ... and a later step-by-step telegraph system in 1847 ... manufactured the rotating mirror Fizeau-Foucault apparatus ... and 'spark coil'

(archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Ruhmkorff)

is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses ... were widely used in

x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s ... lighting Geissler tubes ... Tesla coils...".

Breguet, Louis François Clément / Louis Clément Bréguet / Louis Francois Clement, born on December 22, 1804 in Paris, died 1883 in Paris, returned to Neuchatel (Switzerland), where he lived with his godfather J. F. Huguenin. He acted in the early days of telegraphy, educated in Switzerland. Louis Clément Bréguet was husband of Eugénie Caroline Lassieur and father of Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882 and Louise Bréguet - wife of Ludovic Halévy and mother of Elie Halévy (Élie Halévy b. 1870 d. 21 August 1937, was a French philosopher and historian who wrote studies of the British utilitarians, born in Étretat, Seine-Maritime, where his mother had fled as the German army marched on Paris, 1892, Emile Boutmy invited Halévy to lecture on English political ideas at the newly founded School of Political Science, and on the history of socialism) and Daniel Halévy.
Marie Eugénie DUBOIS 1858-1903 married to Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882 (son of Louis Clément Bréguet) with children: Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900, Louis BREGUET 1880-1955, Jacques BREGUET 1881-1939 (see: Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company in Petersburg). Madeleine BREGUET 1878-1900 married Jacques Bizet b. 10.07.1872, d. 1922.
Breguet, Louis François Clément was son of Antoine Louis / Antoine Breguet b. on August 13, 1776 in Paris, d. 1858 in Champcueil and JeanneFrançoise Venture / Jeanne Françoise Venture b. 1774 in Cairo, Egypt; died 1813 in Bourg-la-Reine, France.
He was son of Louis Abraham Breguet and Cécile Marie-Louise L'Huillier / Cécile Marie Louise L'huillier d. 1780; grandson of Jonas Louis Breguet b. June 11, 1719 in Neuchatel, Switzerland; died 1758; m. Susanne Marguerite Bolle / Suzanne-Marguerite Bollein; she was mother of above mentioned Louis Abraham Breguet and Louise Breguet - wife of David Lassieur and mother of Jonas Louis Lassieur, grandmother of Sophie Niaudet, great-grandmother of Daniel Berthelot, Marcel André Berthelot, Camille Berthelot, Marie Helene, Philippe, Rene Berthelot.

Abraham-Louis Breguet / Bréguet b. 1747 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland d. 1823, was a horologist in France; Breguet's mother remarried to Joseph Tattet, watchmaker in Paris; in 1762, he was sent to an unknown Versailles master watchmaker; he took classes in mathematics under
Abbe Marie, tutor of de Berri, and Breguet was introduced to King Louis XVI; met Abraham-Louis Perrelet in Switzerland in 1784, Xavier Gide 1787 - 1791; 1792 the Duke of Orléans, John Arnold, revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat, who also was from Neuchâtel; Breguet escaped to Switzerland, from where he travelled
to England, for two years he worked for King George III; Breguet returned to Paris 1795;
1807 Breguet brought in his son, Antoine-Louis as a business partner; sent his son to London to study with John Arnold; entered the French Academy of Sciences in 1816.

Alphonse Foy informed Morse that his system would not be accepted in France. He also requested Louis Francois Breguet (b. 1804), grandson of Abraham Louis Breguet to produce an electrical telegraph with needles in France. The resulting Breguet - Foy telegraph used two needles. It was first tried in 1842. In 1842 tests were made with optical telegraph at night. In 1845 test of electrical telegraph was made along the railway route, the Breguet two - needle telegraph, too.

As a result the Breguet equipment was installed in 1845 on the Paris-Rouen route. Breguet replaced his telegraph also called the French telegraph, which was standard equipment on French railways and L. Breguet in 1851 had in Paris a fourth floor added to his building for this work.

Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century), in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London, who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax), d'Arlincourt (transmitter);
Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
Note: Winnie Buller b. in Bacton, Norfolk, receives pilot's license from Breguet School at Douia, France.

In Russia, St Petersburg - Moscow electrical telegraph line was established as the first; in 1853 a line to Kronstadt, 1854 to Warsaw. The Russian state telegraph network of 11000 km was constructed by Siemens - Carl Siemens - in the period 1853 - 1855. 1863 to Tbilisi in Georgia upon the initiative of Grigola Orbeliani, d. 1883. 1860 to Sweden from Russia.

"...The first electromagnetic telegraph created a Russian scientist Paul L. Schilling in 1832. ... Paul Schilling also developed the original code in which each letter of the alphabet corresponded to a specific combination of symbols that might appear with black and white circles on the telegraph ... the electromagnetic telegraph was built in Germany - Carl Gauss and Wilhelm Weber (1833), in the UK - Cooke and Wheatstone (1837), and the U.S. patented electromagnetic telegraph S. Morse in 1837. ... In Russia, the P. L. Schilling continued B. Jacobi, built in 1839 writer telegraph...".

In 1874, Pärnu - Kuressaare telegraph line was building. At first the two times a week between Kuressaare and Pärnu were transported mail. Telegraph to continent was set up in 1875. The first line at Hiiumaa Island was built by the Government of the Navy, ca 1854, this service was expensive and slown. The big change in the transmission of messages in the history came when it started to use electric telegraph by a German physician Samuel Thomas von Sommer; it have not found practical use; In Tallinn, the Russian scientist, electronic technician, Schilling in 1832 constructed an electromagnet powered telegraph; 1837, Cooke and Wheatstone patented telegraph which was introduced in Paddington; 1837 was designed by American Samuel Morse an electromagnetic telegraph, which became the forward points, had a paper tape machine. By 'wiki.wifi.ee/index.php/Telegraaf'. Estonia can the beginning of the development of telecommunications in 1855 when the first telegraph from Petersburg via Narva to Tallinn was put to work, with the Morse telegraph device; in 1857 Tallinn - Pärnu to Riga; Telegraph opened in Pärnu to Haapsalu with a branch line in 1859 to Tallinn; 1863 was built telegraph Tartu - Valga to Riga; 1864 Tartu - Narva - Jőhvi; 1866 Rakvere was post office; 1867 Pärnu - Viljandi telegraph; in 1872 Vőrru; 1875 Pärnu - Kuressaare; 1883 between Tallinn and Pärnu new line linking the Märjamaal open telegraph; 1900 in Pärnu a wide range telegraph; all telegraph were used Morse-type telegraph devices and Hughes high-speed type; the longest telegraph cable was built in 1898 between Pärnu and Kihnu, Saarema Island; 1914 the First World War, continued development of the telegraph, but in the meantime begun to evolve rapidly new phone. 1875, the final decision on the issue of Saaremaa telegraph, taking Pärnu, Kuressaare, Virtsu, Kärdla telegraph line; 1875, G. Schmidt, managing Pärnu - Kuressaare route building intermediate stations Lihulas / Lihula, Virtsus, Vahtna, Illikulaiu; Kuressaare and Pärnu base stations were set up in 1875. 1906, the city telephone network was a state monopoly, to set the phone on the island port of Roomassaare - Oskar Kesk. 1908, in Saaremaa, Julius Sander, chaired the meeting where it was decided to install telephones in rural houses. The Roomassaare Port had the first electric power plant in 1912.

Electrical Power Base in Estonia started in 1882, when the Tallinn F. Wiegandi factory (later Ilmarine) and the Narva Kreenholm Factory set up the first generator lighting; 1885 Drümpelmanni metal factory in Tallinn and mentioned Kreenholm (Dvigatel wagon factory in Tallinn); 1893 started work of two generators with a total capacity of approximately 200 kW in a cement factory in Kunda; The first public power station founded in 1907 in Pärnu, the power was 100 kW, it operated a steam engine; on the right bank of the Pärnu River power plant has not survived, but is still the building, which was built and opened in the 1911; this was followed by Tartu, Viljandi, Valga and Vőru city.

The Pärnu city council decided to build the plant on 16 February 1907; building itself was built by the city by the total cost of 65,000 rubles. In early June began to pull the power lines, and on 20 October 1907 began producing electricity in Pärnu; city street had 69 light bulb, thus it was at the forefront of the whole empire; as early as in 1908 were built power plant additions (see on my grandfather Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Marian Stankiewicz / Marian Konstantinovich in Parnu 1908/1909 to 1912):
batteries provided power during peak periods; electric lights brighten the beach and on 29 September 1910 the council decided to build a new power plant (completed in autumn 1911); as early as in 1912 in Pärnu electric street lighting had bulbs to 355, before the war, 425. It used for heating the wood chips and milled peat. Estonian electrical networks, of Pärnu, is very interesting, the power station was constructed with two subsea cables through the Pärnu River, as the city's street lighting network was located on one side of the river, and the other side was the power plant.
Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau or Paulina Julia Elisabeth / Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (or Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth, 1847-1896) b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern, was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau / Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu). The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. She was sister of above mentioned Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau (burial in Pärnu; born 1774, d. 1814) and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. Above named Adolf Pilar von Pilchau in 1899 served magistrate of Pärnu; became a Viljandi church curator; 1902 he became also an economic Livonia president; 1905 arrived in Tallinn; 1906 Pilar von Pilchau moved to Riga. 1908-1918 he was the marshal of the Livonian knighthood, 1912 he was elected to the Baltic provinces of Russia as a representative member of the Supreme Council, to share life in Riga and St. Petersburg; 1916 in Tartu, Riga.

Paul L. Schilling / Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling / Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt b. 1786 in Tallinn and died 1837 in St. Petersburg, diplomat, electrical engineer and inventor, the Baltic German origin, who built a pioneering electrical telegraph.

Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, an English scientist and inventor: the stereoscope Playfair cipher for an encryption technique ("...it was used by the militaries of several nations through at least World War I, and is known to have been used during World War II by British intelligence services. It was initially resistant to cryptanalysis...", acc. to Marks, Leo, Between Silk and Cyanide. New York 1998), Wheatstone bridge, telegraph; in 1835 he lectured on the system of Baron Schilling, and the five-needle telegraph was similar to that of Schilling; the Breguet telegraph was similar in many ways to the Wheatstone model. It was simply built and adhered to basic engineering principles.

In 1917, after Russian revolution, cryptographers took the counterrevolution side. Soviet Government used both tsar and revolutionary ciphers. In 1921, a special department was founded by the government, for exploitation of ciphers. Andrei Andreevich Markov gave a classification of ciphers which do not propagate distortions. Aleksandr Osipovich Gelfond investigated the complexity of the discrete logarithm problem. Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903‑1987), graduated of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1925, acc. to Valentin A. Nosov.
By 1860 large codes were in common use for diplomatic communications, and cipher systems had become a rarity for this application. The invention of telegraph and radio pushed forward the development of cryptographic protection of telecommunications, acc. to https://www.cryptochallenge.com/home/history.
The British scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, developed the Playfair Code, a table system that was easy to use.
Friedrich W. Kasiski developed a cryptanalysis method in 1863. In 1883, the French teacher and writer Auguste Kerckhoffs set forth six basic requirements of cryptography. He formulated procedures for long-term diplomatic codes. In 1917, the Americans formed the cryptographic organization MI-8, with Herbert Osborne Yardley as the director. The ADFGVX system was put into service by the Germans near the end of World War One. This was a cipher which performed a substitution, fractionation and then transposition of the letter fractions. It was broken by the French cryptanalyst, Lieutenant Georges Painvin.

Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography, "Ernst Fetterlein was in the Tzarist Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1896, and solved German, Austrian and British codes. He was eventually made chief cryptographer. ... 1917 he fled to Britain, and was recruited to Room 40 in June 1918 to work on Austrian, Bolshevik, and Georgian codes. The Russians used an overly complicated version of the Vigenere Cipher... The French Army employed Georges Painvin, and Etienne Bazeries..., on German ciphers...".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

The Korostovetz family:
Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya, was the youngest daughter of the poet K. K. Sluchevsky / Konstanty Slichevski. She was born in St. Petersburg in 1890.
Her mother was Agnes F. Snetkova. Agnes F. did not belong to the nobility. 1896 to 1903 in St. Petersburg, first at the Nikolayev street, 7 then on the Fontanka, 127; Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevskaya after the death of her elder brother Constantine, in 1913, married Vladimir Konstantinovich Korostovets, its close relative; Vladimir K. Sluchevsky graduated from the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University; Vladimir Konstantinovich Sluchevsky was hired by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served under P. N. Milyukov. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov (К. Д. Набоков next of kin with В. В. Набоков), was on friendly terms with Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky. Vladimir Konstantinovich and Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky and V. D. Nabokov were members of the Law Society at St. Petersburg University. Brother of Vladimir Dmitrievich - Konstantin Dmitrievich Nabokov served in the Foreign Ministry with nephew of K. K. Sluchevsky - I. Ya. Korostovets / Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian prominent diplomat, scholar, author of books on the history of China; The Pfalz-Fein family, was in close kinship with the family Nabokov. Korostovetz Konstantin b. 1857 died 1912, his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz (Tallinn, where the last Governor-General before the revolution was Ishmael V. Korostovetz). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912. Nicholas Sluchevsky (1882-1920), Power Engineer / energy engineering profession, son of the poet K. K. SLUCHEVSKY; Nicholas was born in a noble family Kapitonovna Olga nee Longinov and Konstantin Konstantinovich (1837-1904) Sluchevsky; Nicholas's mother came from a wealthy family; father was a famous poet. 1911 he was married. Korostovetz Ivan Yakovlevich (1862-1933). Korostovets Michael, Vadim and Natalia. Korostovetz Lidia, landowner, she decided to go to the Cheka, and a few days later was shot; Along with her was shot her son, Anthony K. Korostovetz, 24-25 years old, just graduated from university. Ancestry Sluchevsky with family Korostovetz three times were affinity for the last century. Kirill K. Korostovetz married Valentina Fyodorovna Buhmeyer; Valya Elizabeth Skuling - Korostovetz living in England; Rall family was very friendly with family Korostovetz as Catherine Rall studied with Lydia Alexandrovna Sluchevskaya, niece of the poet, in Switzerland. CYRIL Korostovetz KONSTANTINOVICH / Korostovetz Kirill Konstantinovich b. 1885 Petersburg, d. 1961; of the nobility, participated in Russian - Japanese war. In 1915 he was sent to England, where oversaw the construction of the first five icebreakers for Russia after 1917, to Russia has not returned; died in London.

Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian diplomat, from the Poltava province; A graduate of the Imperial Alexander Lyceum in 1884; the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1890 in Beijing, 1894 in Rio de Janeiro, 1896 Lisbon; 1899 Port Arthur, 1900 Tianjin, 1913 Korostovetz was appointed ambassador to Persia, 1915 - June 1917 he was a member of the Board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Emigrated to Finland. Lived in exile in Berlin. From marriage to Alexandra V. Gordanov, had children: Olga, Flavia and Vadim.
Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovets / Ishmael Vladimirovich Korostovetz / Измаил Владимирович b. 1863 died 1933 in Poznan (the Gernet family, too); General and Senator, Governor of Estland, graduated from the Corps of Pages 1884, Lieutenant-General in 1915, as vice - governor of Courland 1903-1905 and governor of Estonia 1907-1915; 1915 he was appointed a senator for the Department of Heraldry, he emigrated to Poland, lived in Poznan. Brother of above Ishmael: Korostovetz Konstantin / Коростовец Константин Владимирович b. 1857, died after 1912. Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.
Ludmila Korostovetz (1794 - 1883), married to the famous traveler,

Admiral P. I. Rikord, Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776, Russian admiral, explorer, scientist, diplomat, writer, shipbuilder, from Toropets in the Pskov province, now Tver region, his father:

Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan =
Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea,
after in Poland,
in 1772 major in the Russian service. 1843 P. I. Rikord was promoted to admiral, 1850 appointed chairman of Marine Scientific Committee, an honorary member of the Imperial Moscow University, the State Department of the Admiralty.

Jean François Ricord
was appointed judge of the revolutionary court of criminal department and he was elected to the District Court of Nice; Jean François Ricord (1760-1818) was a French advocate of d'Aix / Aix and in Grasse; and was elected deputy of the Var to the National Convention in 1792; close to Robespierre, he was sent as a representative mission in Toulon; 1794 he was commissioner of the Convention with Augustin Robespierre to the army of Italy. 1794 requisitioned for oil for the city of Genoa; Jean François Ricord arrived in Nice to install a Robespierre's system; May 1795 the Thermidorian period begins. In 1815 during the Hundred Days of Napoleon appointed him as Commissioner General of Police to Bayonne; died 1818 at Paris or Belgium. In Cannes born RICORD Françoise Marie in 1811. In Grasse was RICORD Louis in 1776.
In Nice Ignatius Ricord 1734-1736.

Probably Ignatius Ricord born ca 1710 / 1715 and maybe he was a father to Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea (b. ca 1745 / 1750), who was after in Poland, Russia and USA.
From this family we know about:
John Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord-Madianna II, b. 1813 in New Jersey, died in Paris in 1861; was a lawyer and world traveler. His father, Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna, was a physician and naturalist who had escaped the French Revolution with his parents.
Brother of above named John Ricord:
Frederick William Ricord, a judge and Mayor of Newark, New Jersey.
Philippe Ricord (1800 in Baltimore - 1889) was a French physician. His father had escaped the French Revolution in 1790 from Marseille (to Poland and Russia, next in USA); Philippe Ricord back to Paris in 1820.
He was the brother of mentioned above Jean Baptiste Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna (1777–1837) who was a physician and naturalist in America. Jean Baptiste's son (Phillipe's nephew) took the name John Ricord, traveled through the Republic of Texas, Oregon Territory, the Kingdom of Hawaii, and the California. Jean Alfred Fournier, student of Ricord, was actually his son-in-law?
Probably Admiral P. I. Rikord, Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776, Russian admiral, explorer, scientist, diplomat, writer, shipbuilder, was brother of above mentioned Jean Baptiste Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna (1777–1837) who was a physician and naturalist in America, and brother of Philippe Ricord b. 1800 in Baltimore.
This Russian Admiral was living in Toropets / Toropiec, in the Pskov province, now Tver region.
His father was Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan = Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea (b. ca 1745 / 1750), who escaped the French Revolution in 1790 from Marseille to Poland, and in 1772 was major in the Russian service; next in USA.

RICORD Boniface, born in 1722.
RICORD Marianne, who died in 1760.
RICORD Ignace, born in 1782.
Above named Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan = Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea, next in Poland and Russia.

Many years later the Armand family, which take roots in France, lived in Nice when Alexander E. Armand's wife released without scandal and the couple Inessa and Alexander Armand immediately went to the Cote d'Azur in Nice.

Many years later Grand Duke Sandro settled in Nice. Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich Sandro Sasho was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; b. 1866 Tbilisi, d. 1933, Nice, France. Freemason, Philalethes, near by the Russian military intelligence service.

Next Ignace Ricord was born November 4, 1782. Parents Jean RICORD and Marguerite MOUTTET.

Marie Madeleine RICORD, from GUAVA. Guava / Goyav, a French commune, located in the department of Guadeloupe. We know on RICORD Philippe (1800-1889) and John Ricord (1711-1733).

By Andy Drummond: Xenia Loginov /
Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova, was born 1807 on Kamtchatka.
Ksenia was brought up in Petropavlovsk in 1817, in the household of the Governor of Kamtchatka, Pyotr Ivanovich Rikord (1776-1855), and his young wife Ludmila Ivanovna Korostovez (1794-1883). She married
John Cochrane in 1822 in Irkutsk
(Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone and his brother the Admiral Alexander Cochrane in the West Indies; servant of Prince Alexander Labanov in Russia; Charles Stuart Cochrane b. 1796, son of Alexander Cochrane, career in the Royal Navy, 1823 in Gran Colombia, the firm of Rundell, Bridge & Rundell, for exploitation of the pearl fisheries in Gran Colombia; 1830 in France; next in Glasgow);
after the death of John Cochrane in 1825, Ksenia Cochrane remained in Great Britain to London to John's Cochrane sister Eliza until 1827; next in Petersburg in 1827; here
she met the famous Arctic explorer, Pyotr Anjou (b.1796 / 1797), and married him in St Petersburg; Ksenia Anjou had six children: Ludmila, Pyotr Anjou a naval man, Fedor, Ivan, Aleksandra, and Elisaveta in St Petersburg and Oranienbaum.
Pyotr Anjou / Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Пётр Фёдорович Анжу, was an Arctic explorer and an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.
Pyotr Anjou / Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou b. 1796 or 1797
in Vyshny Volochyok, near Tver

(see:
A.
Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region; he enjoyed high confidence and patronage of the king. Von Dubelt, Leonti Vasilyevich / Leonti Wassiljewitsch Dubelt (b. 1792 died 1862), born into a family of Vasily Ivanovich Dubbelt by his wife - Mary Grigorievna Shperter vel Medina Celli, Princess; his brother Peter, Colonel. Von Dubelt is the German noble family from Livonia since the beginning of the 18th century. Ivan Dubbelt entered the Russian service. His sons, Vasily and Mikhail Dubbelt. Above Leonti V. Dubbelt married Anna Nikolaevna Persian nee Mordvinov in 1818. In marriage, had two sons: Nicholas / Nikolai (1819-1874) and Michail / Michael (1822-1900). Michael Leontievich was Lieutenant-General (1897). Dubbelt / Dubelt Michael or Michail Leontievich who was born February 8, 1822 in Kiev, Russian cavalry Major General, he was commandant of the Tiflis Alexandropol / Aleksandrapol fortress 1887-1890. His first wife Nataly / Natalia Puszkin / Natalja Aleksandrovna Pushkin since 1853, born May 23 / 4 Jun 1836 in St. Petersburg, was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, poet. This son - M. Dubelt in 1860, lost above named Kuvshinovo factory in gambler to hands of Peter Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1826 died 1880, the leader of the provincial nobility.
B. Now about the Pushkin family tree: Interesting reading from the book 'BEFORE THE STORM' by Carl, Baron Wrangell-Rokassovsky, dedicate this story to his mother BARONESS VERA ROKASSOWSKY / Wiera Rokossowska: "...on the wall of the Kolpino gallery was a portrait of Joseph Juriewicz/ Jozef Jurewicz, a direct descendant of a Lithuanian princely family. Their appanage was the Orsha district in the province of Mogilev. ... He came into possession of Kolpino after his marriage to Anna Deszpot-Zienowicz, my great-grandmother. His principal estates were Kraszuty (Wielkie-Kraszuty / Krashuty, a village in the Mikolajewska area, a district of Polock, goverment of Witebsk / Vicebsk; Soltan, 1853-1905, engineer from Lodz, the Congress Poland, owner of Kraszuty, married to Amelia Maria Weyssenhoff; this estate located north-east of Polock / Polatsk, close to present border of Belarus and Russia; Savino 3.6 km north east) and Porzecze, and in Kolpino he was only a visitor. ...At the time of his marriage to Lady Joanna, he had informed his brothers and his sister, Anna von Wrangell, who was seventeen years younger than he, that he had decided to give up in their favor his share in the landed estates of his father's family. The estates were in Belorussia, and after the death of his parents, Stanislaw Juriewicz, as the oldest brother, divided these properties among his brothers. His brother, Michal Juriewicz, received Kraszuty, a large estate covered by a dense forest, known to contain bears, moose, and other big game. His brother Jan received two estates, Franopol and Porzecze. Franciszek, another brother, lived in St. Petersburg, where he occupied an important position in a government department. ... My grandmother, Anna von Wrangell received three estates: Kolpino, Reblio, and Zabelja. The estate Kolpino had belonged to her mother, Zienowicz / Despoth / Deszpot - Zienowicz. Originally, this estate had belonged to the Princes Oginski; Polonia Oginska / Apolonia Oginski was the maternal grandmother of Anna von Wrangell. The title to the estate Porzecze was left in the name of Stanislaw Juriewicz ... The only son of Stanislaw Juriewicz, Mieczyslaw, was a student at St. Petersburg University. ... By that time, Czar Peter the Great was dead, and on the throne of Russia was his widow, Empress Catherine I. The young Hannibal joined an artillery company with the rank of Lieutenant. However, in 1727, this young Lieutennat got into a dispute with the all-powerful Field- Marshal Prince Alexander Danilovitch Menshikoff, a favorite of the late Tsar / Czar, who, during the short reign of his widow, was the actual ruler of Russia. As a result of this dispute, the Field-Marshal banished the poor Negro to Siberia...".
C. Carl Wrangell-Rokassovsky / Karol Wrangel - Rokossowski calls his book "History of the life of my father." But in reality, it tells the story of his family from 1787 to 1913. ...the family estate Kolpino - what was then Sebezhsky county. Until 1924 the county was part of the Vitebsk province. Now Kolpino Pustoshka is in the district of the Pskov region... Wrangel, more precisely, the two branches of this kind. The first branch - the family Gyubentalya von Wrangel, the second - the family Wrangel, who lived in Pskov. ..."Stanislav Karlovic Frangel von Gyubental", Lutheran, who owns an estate in Kolpino, Soinskoy parish. Alexander Pushkin back in 1824 from Odessa to Mikhailovsky, was in Kolpino, close to present city Pustoshka. In those years it was owned by Ignatius Despot-Zenovich, a member of the Masonic Lodge in St. Petersburg. In the second half of the XIX century, owner of the Kolpino estate was Stanislav Wrangell (1844-1913) - son of the famous physician Carl Philipp von Wrangel Gyubentalya (1786-1858). Carl Wrangel was married twice. From his first wife Constance, he had two sons. After the death of Constance in 1832, he married Anna Yurevich. In 1844 they had a son Stanislav, the future judge and the owner of the estate in Kolpino. Anna Jurevich had three estates in Vitebsk - Kolpino, Reblino and Zabel. Kolpino belonged to her mother, nee Despot-Zenovich. Originally, the estate was owned by the Duchess of Polonia Oginska. The first owners of the estate were the descendants of Rurik, the princes Oginski / Ahinskis. Princess Polonia Oginskaja married Joseph Deshpo-Zenovich, and their daughter married Joseph Jurevicha (Jurewicz - Polish princes). Stanislav Yurevich, with whom the poet Pushkin met in Mogilev, accounted Ignatius Despot Zenovich nephew owner of the estate. Apolonia Oginska has twice married to Jerzy Szemet and Michal Despot Zienowicz.

D.
KONSTANTINOVICH Lev, son of Lev / Lew Konstantynowicz, was born in 1900 in Toropets / Toropiec; in 1918 / 1919 a student of a secondary school in Pskov. During the occupation of 'white' was mobilized and after during their retreat, came to Poland. At the beginning of 1922 return to Soviet Russia and arrived in Pskov; May 22nd was arrested and in November, 1922 again re-arrested, 16 March 1923 - sentenced to 2 years in a concentration camp and sent to Petrograd. In March 1923 his mother Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich wrote to the chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Kalinin. Ольга Васильевна Константинович / Olga Vasilievna Konstantinovich was living in Pskov, str Kalinin, No 15/11, Apt. 1. Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich / Olga Tchelischev daughter of Vasilij Chelishchev and she was married to Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875. Olga b. ca 1875, her son Lew Lwowicz Konstantynowicz born 1900. Above named Vasilij Chelishchev was born ca 1840 / 1850. Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875, was next of kin with Aleksander and Konstantyn / Konstantin Konstantynowicz from Riga.
E. Olga's Konstantynowicz relatives:
1. Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. Lyadno / Liadno / Лядно - a village in central part of the Porkhov / Порхов / Порховск / Porchovsk district in the Pskov oblast; close to Туготинская волость / Tugotinskaya volost - around 50 / 55 km east - south - east of Pskov / Pskow.
2. Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900.
3.
Константинович / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinowicz / Konstantinovich Anna Petrovna was a daughter of Brigadier-General Piotr H. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович (b. ca 1785) and was the second wife of Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky. Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович born 1837 - died 1898. H. Konstantinovich that is Христофорович, son of Christofor / Hristofor Konstantinovich that is Krzysztof Konstantynowicz (here was error: Henryk, Gawrila, Havrila) born 1741.
F.
Tver Oblast, Kuvshinovo, close to Puzakovo; ca 120 km west of Tver. Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway.
G.
Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov b. 1891, Tver region. Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of Popov landowner, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver. Cheesemaker was working in the estate Mykolaivka, and Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province. Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region.

Apashkovo, Tver province / Paszkowo / Pashkovo 1, by Kiesma small river; in the Тверская oblast, in the Весьегонский count: Пашково, close to Staroje Shilkovo, Kuliberovo, Vanievo, Kiesma, Danilkovo; south of Viesiegonsk; east of Sandovo. The Тверская oblast, area of Молоково, Пашково 2, close to Kostromino, Cholm / Holm; south-west of Kiesma; north of Krasnyj Cholm; north-east of Tver.
The Frautshi / Frauchi family was living in a village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver; east of Wyshnij Volotshek; ca 85 km south of Krasnyj Cholm.

H.
Admiral P. I. Rikord / Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776 in Toropets in the Pskov province, now Tver region.
I.
Pyotr Anjou / Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Пётр Фёдорович Анжу, was an Arctic explorer and an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy. Pyotr Anjou / Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou b. 1796 or 1797 in Vyshny Volochyok, near Tver.
Vyshny Volochyok / Вышний Волочёк, close to Borkovo, ca 80 km north of Torzok; 85 km north-east of Kuvshinovo; 140 km north-west of Tver. 1773 to 1782, Count Sivers Jakov / Яков Ефимович Сиверс acted here, was Tver and Pskov governor; next Jozef Korycki / Осип Иванович Корицкий in 1824/1828).

Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou Young - his grandfather, a Protestant, fleeing religious persecution settled in Moscow and served as a watchmaker profession. Anjou's grandfather was a Frenchman who entered the service of Russia in the middle of the 18th century. His son, Fyodor Andreyevich Anjou (1758-1824) was as a doctor and took Russian citizenship. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou Young was noticed by Sorokin, professor of mathematics in college, that he had a passion for the sea and distant travel. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou made his entry into the Naval Cadet Corps in 1808; he met Count Ferdinand von Wrangel, after graduation, the young men were assigned to the port of Revel in Estonia.
In 1812, Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou was promoted midshipman, in 1815, a naval officer. In 1816, in a squadron under the command of Anton Vasilyevich Moller, went to Kronstadt, next in Cadiz. Two years later, they took part in the expedition to the land of Yakuts.

The Anjou family in France:
Sebastian of Anjou (1619-1658), lawyer at the Parliament, at Aix in 1651, whose descendants took the name of Anjou Mazargues to the end of the eighteenth century.
Joseph of Anjou (1652-1730) is maintained noble in 1702. Married in Marseille in 1688, have only sons, three of which are military officers!! Younger son, an officer in the regiment of Vendôme, married in 1725 in Rouen, is the father of
Pierre-André d'Anjou, officer in the regiment of Traisnel, whose son,
Jacques d'Anjou (1752-1835) officer at the provincial battalion of Normandy, by his marriage settled in the town of Greges near Dieppe, where he is acting as mayor during forty years.
Eldest daughter of Melchior d'Anjou (1671-1745), of Pertuis, married in 1680 the historian François-Joseph Rémerville.
Charles Melchior, Lieutenant in 1770, stayed in Marseille, leaves two daughters, Emily and Flora, married in 1806 and 1807 (to lawyer Hilarion of Boulie, which will be under the Restoration vice-president of the civil court of Marseille).
Marie d'Anjou, sister of Charles Melchior, had married in 1771 in Pertuis to Jean-Baptiste Viany whose took the name Viany d'Anjou.
A fourth branch was installed at the beginning of the seventeenth century in Tour d'Aigues. The name of the Anjou family often is writing in records as Danjou, Danjo, Daniou, even Anjot / Aniot / Daniotte / Dangeot.
Jean d'Anjou from Pertuis, baptized at Aix in 1656, m. in 1695 to Françoise GOYRAN born in Aix in 1664, daughter of the advocate in the parliament of Provence, and Therese of Saurat; children:
1. Margaret Theresa of Anjou born 1696 in Aix, 2. Suzanne of Anjou born 1697, in Pertuis, Melchior Anjou godfather, godmother Suzanne Cornarel, 3. Jean Joseph Anjou, 4. Anne-Gabrielle d'Anjou born 1700 in Aix, Jean Antoine Silvecane godfather, godmother Anne d'Anjou,
5. Jean-Baptiste d'ANJOU of Puy Sainte-Réparade, born 1701 in Aix, godfather Jean-Baptiste Estienne, godmother Martha Therese Gouin, died 1765 in Le Puy-Sainte Reparade, married 1735 in Puy Sainte-Réparade to Therese OLLIVIER LA FOREST daughter of Jean Francois Bourgeois and Magdeleine LA BERGE, in the presence of Mathieu Gastaud Pourrieres priest, Joseph and Louis Granon Rocamus. She died before 1773 (1748) in Puy-Sainte-Réparade.
Children: in Puy Sainte-Réparade (godfather Jean Joseph d'Anjou, godmother Magdeleine Berge) 1. Mary Magdalene Therese of Anjou born 1736, married 1766 in Puy Sainte-Réparade her cousin, Joseph Gaspard d'Anjou of Mazargues, infantry officer.
2. Jean Félicien François d'ANJOU in 1738 in Puy Sainte-Réparade but died in 1754,
3. Marie Françoise Victoire d'ANJOU born 1740, in Puy Sainte-Réparade (Jean Louis Ollivier godfather, godmother Marie Françoise Vaugier).
4. Marie Anne of ANJOU born 1742, died in Aix in 1823, married Jean-Joseph HONNORE royal notary in Pertuis, son of Marie Therese ABEL,
5. Magdalene Elisabeth d'ANJOU in 1744 in Puy Saint Réparade, godmother Magdeleine La Berge,
6. Elisabeth lady ANJOU 1745, married 1783 in Puy Sainte-Réparade, to Jacques Denis BARLATIER of FONTMARIN from Rognes,
7. François of ANJOU was born 1748.
Others: 1. Laurent Joseph ANJOU born 1702 in Aix, baptized in Saint-Sauveur, godmother lady Therese d'Anjou Mazargues,
2. Pierre of ANJOU baptized 1703 in Aix, godmother Teresa of Saurat, d. 1711.

3.
Adrien-Jean d'Anjou from noble French family, was born probably ca 1700 / 1710, in France! Circa 1740 in Russia (ca 1750 had home in Moscow; Protestant by Людмила ВЛАСОВА, Борис Худяков and Georges Cyrille C. in 2011 - 2013); named Andrej Anjou by Russian. He lived before 1740 (the first maybe in Germany because he known German language) in Switzerland (here like watchmaker!). He had son in Russia in 1758.

Branch of Jean Joseph ANJOU of Pertuis - Melchior d'Anjou, his cousin - born 1698, baptized in the church of Pertuis, sponsor Louis Archimbaud, godmother Magdeleine Goyran, died in 1739, married in 1730, Mary Françoise of BESSIERE daughter of Francis, and Marie Olympe de SAVOURNIN, children:
1. Jean-Baptiste d'Anjou was born in 1732, 2. Pierre Paul ANJOU born 1734, in Pertuis (godfather Jean-Baptiste Bessiere, godmother Suzanne Cairel), 3. Joseph Gaspard, 4. Therese Ursula of Anjou born 1738 in Pertuis (sponsor Dominique d'Anjou, first consul, godmother Marie Anne Bessiere).
Branch of Joseph Gaspard d'Anjou of MAZARGUES, an officer in the regiment of Infantry in 1770, born 1735, Puy-Sainte-Réparade, wife in 1766 in Aix, kids:
1. Marie Marguerite d'Anjou of MAZARGUES born 1768, 2. Marguerite Françoise of ANJOU of MAZARGUES born 1769.

By Людмила ВЛАСОВА, Борис Худяков and Georges Cyrille C. in 2011 - 2013:

The Anjou first arrived to Moscow in 1740 as a master watchmaker at the request of Catherine the Great. This is
Adrien-Jean d'Anjou from noble French family, might come from Germany or
Switzerland because they spoke German and was Protestant.
They received Russian citizenship and were sailors, admirals and commanders of the ship and the name D'Anjou was given to new islands of Siberie. All Protestant archives burned in Moscow during Napoleon's entry into this city. Xenia Anjou, is the great-granddaughter of the famous Admiral Peter Fedorovich Anjou, discoverer, Arctic explorer. Вышний Волочек / Vishny Volochek - is a home of the most famous of Russian Anjou. Fedor Anjou / Федор Анжу was a naval doctor; Anjou, Peter F. - Admiral; his son Peter Anjou / Анжу sailed on the frigate Pallada, his grandson was the captain of the first rank and the commander of the squadron, who brought the king of France to
sign a treaty between France and Russia in 1909. But the first of Anjou in the 1750s was a watchmaker.
In Russia, his watches were very much needed. In general, all the sailors. They are French, of course, by origin, but may have come from Germany, as spoke German and were Protestants. I am thinking from Switzerland. Maybe come from Anjou - a former county, with Angers of western France; traditional name was Andegavia, and left France when Catholics slaughtered Protestants; from France to Switzerland, and next to Russia? The Anjou family built in Moscow a house, between 1740 and 1750; 1759 there was a mansion. Admiral
Peter Fedorovich Anjou, was the great friend of Wrangell. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou born 1796 / 1797. Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel / Фердина́нд Петро́вич Вра́нгель / Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangel b. 1796 / 1797 in Pskov, died in Dorpat in Estonia; was a Baltic German explorer; graduated from the Naval Cadets College in 1815; took part in Vasily Golovnin's world cruise in 1817–1819. A governor of the Russian settlements in Alaska. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou made his entry into the Naval Cadet Corps in 1808; he met Count Ferdinand von Wrangel, after graduation, the young men were assigned to the port of Revel in Estonia.

Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova was daughter of Ivan Loginov, was adopted by Captain Rikord.

Count Beniowski / Moritz Benyovsky, the Polish adventurer, b. 1741, was exiled to Kamchatka in 1770; escaped on the island of Okinawa, and then Formosa, to Macao, sailed across the Indian Ocean, at Mauritius, and then Madagascar, rounding the Cape, Paris - all above database
copyright by http://www.andydrummond.net/Novgorod.

John Dandes Cochrane / John Dundas Cochrane / Cochran, British explorer, Captain of the Royal Navy, b. 1793 - d. 08/12/1825.
In 1820 journey across Siberia, which went to Kamchatka and back; from Ekaterinburg he went to Tobolsk and Omsk, Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and to the Chinese border, Zmeinogorsk, Kolivan and Barnaul and Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, to Yakutsk, then Verkhoyansk, and Lower Kolyma and the Upper Kolyma and Oymekon to Okhotsk, crossed to Kamchatka to Petropavlovsk; a year in Kamchatka, he moved to Okhotsk, to Yakutsk and the Lena up in Irkutsk, Nercinsk and Tsuruhaytu on the Chinese border, Kiakhta, Irkutsk (John Dundas Cochrane / John Cochrane was in 1822 in Irkutsk or 1823), Tomsk, Omsk, Tobolsk, the Urals. John Cochran, at journey from St. Petersburg across Siberia to Kamchatka, married in 1822 to the Siberian girl and returned to England and published an interesting book about his journey in Philadelphia (1824) and Edinburgh (1824), Weimar, 1825, Jena, 1825, Vienna, 1826.

Kotchoubey suspected him of being a spy, in a letter to Speranskii in 1872;

Cochran is called "the British fleet service captain" and 'Englishman Cochran took foot journey across Siberia'; and returned to England, acc. to "Complete Poems", Khvostova, 1829, p. 219. Death of John Cochrane in 1825, Ksenia Cochrane remained in Great Britain in London with John's Cochrane sister Eliza until 1827; next in Petersburg in 1827.

Note: James Holman met Captain Rikord in the city of Kazan.
Captain John Dundas Cochrane, d. 1825, was a Scottish naval officer,
son of Scottish adventurer Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone; he was a

cousin of Admiral Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, and nephew of Admiral Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane.

"Cochrane married Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova (1807-1870) in 1822; she was an adoptive daughter of Admiral Pyotr Rikord, the Russian governor of Kamchatka. As a widow, she married Pyotr Anjou, an Arctic explorer and Russian admiral", by Wikipedia. John Dundas Cochrane died in 1825 in Valencia, Colombia. Above mentioned

Andrew James Cochrane-Johnstone b. 1767, a Scottish soldier, politician and adventurer; was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The youngest son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald b. 1691, from Jane Stuart b. 1722; 1793 he married Georgiana Hope-Johnstone, a daughter of James Hope-Johnstone, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun;

had one daughter. 1797 was promoted to Colonel and then made Governor of Dominica; next he had married Amelia Constance Gertrude Etienette, a widow and the only child of a French governor of Guadeloupe, in 1803. Above named

Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald b. 1691, a Scottish nobleman, army officer and politician.

Thomas was born in 1691, the seventh son of William Cochrane of Ochiltree, and Lady Mary Bruce, eldest daughter of Alexander Bruce, 2nd Earl of Kincardine, by Wikipedia.

Vladimir Konstantinovic Korostowec / W. K. von Korostowetz, Polnische Auferstehung; Publisher: Berlin, Verl. f. Kulturpolitik, 1929. Vladimir K. Korostovetz b. ca 1880 ?

(V. K. Korostovtsev, a former official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at the Ministry he did not enjoy the sympathy, until 1930 he lived in Berlin

(in Poland 1919);

then met with an Englishman Mound Gregory, a wealthy man who was interested in politics; Mound Gregory was a Catholic and a monarchist; invited Korostovtsev to England to write anti-Soviet themes and generously funded its publication; Korostovetz published in London monthly review 'Whitehall Gazette and St. James Review'; since 1930 Korostovetz started a violent propaganda in England; he hated Russian more than the Bolsheviks),

his wife Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya b. 1890 - her father

Sluchevsky Konstantin (1837 - 1904), Russian poet, writer, translator;

his son Nicholas and his sister Olga; Konstantin Sluchevsky was born in St. Petersburg, 1837. Descended from the nobility of the Chernigov province, son of Constantin Afanasevich Slichevski 2nd / Sluczewski b. 1793, Colonel, St. Petersburg police chief, Constantine Afanasevich 2nd began his military career with the rank of captain at the age of 19 years, participated in the war with Napoleon. Constantine, originally followed his father, was educated in the First Cadet Corps, 1855 after graduating stood in Gatchina, and will later be transferred to Tsarskoye Selo; Several years studying in Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg, where in 1865 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; a member of the Board of the General Administration of Press. In 1870, Konstantin married Olga nee Longinov 1849-1921, who came from a wealthy family; died on September 25, 1904.
Александра Константиновна Случевская has unknown mother; but her father was Константин Константинович Случевский b. 1837 - 1904, father's ex-wife Ольга Капитоновна Лонгинова. Husband of above Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevsky that is Vladimir K. Korostovetz / Владимир Константинович Коростовец (born ca 1880?), from unknown father!

Maybe his father: Korostovetz Konstantin Vladimirovich b. 1857 died after May 1912 (his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz, in Tallinn, where he was the last Governor-General before the revolution). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.

"...Another significant mistake of the Germans was to be excessively systematic in sending daily routine official reports to naval units and even to individual ships by radio. For example, a detailed radio message sent by the Germans in the first hour of each day with the new reencryption key contained about 10% of the information needed to decrypt it. Often within 30 minutes - almost always within 90 minutes - either the Russians or the British had the new key worked out and then passed it on to the other. Even in 1916, when the German Navy introduced a new codebook with new words and phrases, the later edition kept the same alphabetical order as the replaced version, which allowed the Russians to interpolate unknown locations with those already known. The ultimate success of this cryptanalytic operation can be attributed, on the Russian side, to the efforts of Captain Rengarten, Fetterlein-Popov, and the cryptanalysts of Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn. ... Following on these early efforts, it was decided that a more systematic effort at cryptanalysis was needed. Therefore it was decided to concentrate the cryptanalytic effort in the Baltic at the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn radio intercept station. For this purpose, six officers who know the German language well and had experience in cipher work were selected. At the head of this operation the Naval General Staff placed ... E. Fetterlein".
Ernst Fetterlein was from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and he assigned to the 'Black Cabinet', as the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn cryptanalytic group was known; here was a group of the naval officers: captain Nepenin and cpt. Rengarten. The main task was still discovering the daily key which served to reencrypt the German code, and British Navy Headquarters also worked closely with the Russian Naval Headquarters in this efforts. All material published by the Russians was sent to the British, that within an hour of intreduction of the new FEK into operation by the Germans, the Russian or British side would report it immediately to their counterparts.
All above acc. to: Cryptolog. April 1984, NSA, 2012 declassified.

Adrian / Andrian Nepenin Ivanovich, b. on October 21, 1871 in The Great Luke / Wielkie Luki and died on March 4, 1917 in Helsinki / Helsingfors; he was Vice - Admiral, the last commander of the Imperial Baltic Fleet; the founder of naval intelligence and communications; in service since 1889. He graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1892. Captain 1st rank - 1911 and since 1911, the Chief of Staff of communication for the Baltic Sea Fleet; 1911 - 1914 the chief of the communications service of the Naval Commander of the Baltic Sea headquarters. Rear Admiral on December 23, 1913 (30 July 1915). Founder on July 17, 1914 and the first chief (A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service) of the Baltic Sea communications, organized for the Baltic Fleet aviation exploration and effective service of decoding of German radio messages. When A. I. Nepenin, on July 13, 1914 was appointed chief of defense of the sea fortress of Emperor Peter the Great , captain 2 rank M. P. Davydov, by order of August 18, was ordered to start execution responsibilities of the Chief of communications.
On August 6, 1916 - Vice-Admiral and Commander of the Baltic Fleet. During the February Revolution in Helsingfors, Vice Admiral A. N. Nepenin joined the revolution happening, recognizing the power of the State Duma. Nepenin arrested Finnish Governor-General Franz Albert Zane / Zein. On March 2, Nepenin supported Nicholas II abdicated the throne. On March 4, 1917 was issued order number 302: "...On behalf of the new Government and the Free Great Russian officers once again urge for calm and unity with the team and strictly prohibited the shedding of blood, ... Russia needs a victorious war against a foreign enemy". On March 4, 1917 Nepenin was killed in Helsingfors port by unknown persons. After him was Andrew S. Maximov b. 1866 d. 1951, Russian Vice - Admiral, 1915-1917 he was head of the mine defense of the Baltic Sea, after the February Revolution of March 4, 1917 elected to the sailors of the Baltic Fleet as commander - in this post was to June 2, 1917; September 1917 - Chief of Naval Staff of the Supreme Commander, after the October Revolution as a senior inspector of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic in 1918. And it is important to note that the radio issues were not organizationally united under a single leadership in Russian Navy until 1917: were in charge of different heads, shipboard radio was headed by mine specialists and a navy coastal radio stations were part of the Communication Services of fleet, headed by the Chief of Communications; these positions in the Baltic Fleet occupied Senior Lieutenant Ivan Rengarten and captain Adrian I. Nepenin: I. Rengarten was recognized in the Navy authority on radio, both in the technical and tactical aspects of the use of radio communication in the Navy; Nepenin, had no special training in radio matters; between Rengarten and Nepenin existed oral agreement. In the winter of 1911-1912 the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet was organized the shore stations involving ships wintering in Libau. In June 1912 the flagship radiotelegraph officer Rengarten put forward the idea of the special reconnaissance campaign in areas of combat training of the German fleet to gather information about the organization of radio and radio specifications of the German ships. The flagship radiotelegraph senior lieutenant A. M. Shchastny wrote in a report on the radiotelegraph of Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea for 1911. To solve this problem was chosen cruiser 'Hercules', and was developed a wide-range reconnaissance receiver on this ship. In Kilkonde, a signals intelligence missions have begun to tackle on September 8, 1914, in Gange, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and on November 12 - the third - the lighthouse top at Dagerort / Dago. Were later installed in Windau, in Hapsal / Haapsalu and elsewhere of Baltic coast.

Acc. to I. I. Rengarten we read on a number of important additional information about the activities of Russian radio intelligence service in fall of 1914. Thus, in early October 1914 at the headquarters of the fleet were found approaches to disclosure of existing German ciphers, and in the second half of November 1914, fully decrypted code 'gamma - alpha', introduced on October 7, 1914, that led to a successful reading of the German fleet ciphers, and were read so well many previously adopted radiograms. The Baltic Fleet initiated the establishment of a special coastal radio station that would resolve problems of intelligence signals, with support and guidance of the Naval General Staff. In February 1915, the Minister of Marine decided to organize the Southern District of the Baltic Sea stations, with three officers (chief radio, 2 assistants) and 50 privates. In the spring of 1915 this station was organized on the southern coast of the Gulf near Cape Shpitgamn. Order of the Commander of the fleet number 308 of March 19, 1915, appointed as chief, Lieutenant P. A. Kolokoltsov. Later, in July 1915, P. A. Kolokoltsov replaced V. P. Przhilentsky / Przylencki, who served in the office until 1917; during February - April 1915 on the radio were appointed Lieutenant D. P. Izmalkov, V. I. Markov, O. O. Proffit and I. M. Yamchenko. According to experts in the field of radio intelligence, the radio station has successfully solved all the tasks assigned to it. It should be noted that in the decryption Bureau, with naval experts also participated representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In July 1915, were appointed Y. Pavlovich / Павлович and Б. Орлов / B. Orlov. And in early 1916, when appeared the first serious problems with deciphering of the German radio messages, caused by the introduction of new ciphers and a new signal book, here was specially sent one of the leading cryptologist E. Fetterleyn, with co-operation of the British radio intelligence service, sharing the most confidential information on signals intelligence and cryptanalysis. A documents suggest about such contacts with specialists of the French decryption service, by the beginning of the campaign in 1915; introduced on March 8, 1915 the new German code gamma - alpha was discovered two days later, a work headed by the radiotelegraphic officer I. I. Rengarten.

Ernst Constantin Fetterlein was born in St Petersburg in 1873 d. 1944, was a Russian cryptographer. The son of Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein, a German-language tutor, and Olga Fetterlein, née Meier. "She was almost certainly Jewish and so Ernst can certainly be counted as of Jewish origin". Above named Karl was a German-language instructor at the Saint Petersburg Military-Judicial Institute and director at the Imperial Public Library ca 1900.

Carl F. Fetterleyn or Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein born 1828 in Riga and died on 16.06.1902 in Gapsal / Haapsalu / Hapsala / Haapsal, Estonia (check Pushkin and von Gernet and Dunkel Baltic German families); was librarian; son of Prussian actor, until 1858 he studied at Tartu University, arriving to St. Petersburg, 1859 began teach at the 1st military Gymnasium / 1st Cadet Corps, to 1878.

The Pavlovsky Military School, since 1880. The friend of Schilder and M. Korf (for collecting materials about the life and reign of Nicholas I), also S. N. Urusov and I. D. Delianov. Actively participated in the work of F. and N. K. Schilder on collecting materials on the reign of Alexander I. He was closest assistant of M. A. Korf; the friend of Vladimir Stasov.
By L. A. Shilov for the National Library of Russia, 2011-2013. Ernst Constantin Fetterlein in 1896 joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became the chief cryptologist. Ernst was a cryptanalyst under Tsar Nicholas in his 'Black Cabinet' and reached the equivalent rank of admiral. During World War I, he was known as Ernst Popov; he solved German, Austrian and British codes. In 1917, Ernst Constantin Fetterlein fled to Western Europe with his wife on board a Swedish ship. He contacted the British and French intelligence services and on 9 March 1918 a letter to the Director of Naval Intelligence, Rear-Admiral Reginald Hall, the British naval attache in Helsingfors / Helsinki, from Captain W. H. Cromie in Petrograd, described Fetterlein as 'a cipher clerk in the Russian Foreign Office for twenty-five years' who came 'highly recommended'. Fetterlein began work for the British intelligence in June 1918; he was recruited to Room 40 to work on Georgian, Austrian and Bolshevik codes. After the end of World War I, he worked for the Government Code and Cypher School - worked on Soviet Communist traffic; his brother, P. K. Fetterlein, also worked for the Government Code and Cypher School.
See: Victor Madeira, 2004; Ralph Erskine, 2004; Stephen Budiansky, 2000; Michael Smith; Thomas R. Hammant; David Kahn and Budiansky, 2000.
Acc. to: A. V. Sinel'nikov, 'Codes and Russian revolutionaries': By the beginning of the World War I Russia had the strongest in the world decryption service, and some of its employees as a result of all the troubles were after October 1917 in the Entente countries. But we know that in the early 1920s, the Russian section of the British decryption service taken Ernest Fetterleyn, since 1897 leading cryptanalyst for the Committee of tsarist Foreign Ministry, in reading a diplomatic correspondence of hostile states. His superior was V. Sabanin.

A note on the Gernet family from Estland / Estonia:

Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder b. 1796 died 1862, her father Peter Woldemar Rehbinder b. 1757 d. 1823; her husband Alexander August von Gernet b. 1786 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia and died on October 5, 1865 in Lehhola. Lehola is a settlement in Keila Parish, Harju County in northwestern Estonia, 15 km south-west of Harku, and 18 km west of Saku. His father Carl Gustav von Gernet b. 1747 died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia.

Brothers of above Aleksander Gernet: Georg Gustav von Gernet 1780 - 1846, Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet 1792 - 1867, Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 who died on November 8, 1857 in Lauenhof, Podrala, Valdamaa / Valgamaa County, Estland / Estonia.

Son of above Karl Johann Gernet:

Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia.

His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son:
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864 - 1944, and

his mother Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie von Gernet (nee von Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt) 1833 - 1909, were near by the Pilchau Pilar family.

Brother of Rudolf: Richard Adolf von Gernet of 1863, known as Adolf, or Adolph. He was born on 14 April 1863 in Sellenkull / Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika; north-east of Haapsalu - 27 km, and south-west of Lehola. He was a graduate of the cathedral school / 'Domschule zu Reval' (a German-language institution, but it was closed in 1893) 1876 - 1881, and Dorpat in 1881-1886. He was a noted metallurgist after 'M. Inst. M.M.' that is the 'Institute of Mining and Metallurgy'. Adolf von Gernet worked in 'Privatlaboratoriums von Dr. Werner Siemans' in Berlin by Erik Thomson, where he was made ​​head of this laboratory of Werner von Siemens. In 1889 he built a gold wash in Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In 1892 he was representative of the company in America. Around 1895 he followed his brother Rudolf to South Africa where he was a Director of the 'Central Rand Gold Mine Ore Reduction Works'. He patented a process for extracting copper, which became known as Siemens-Halske electric precipitation process later. He presented a paper before the 'Society of Chemists and Metallurgists' in Johannesburg on electrical precipitation; von Gernet, representing the firm of Siemens & Halske, of Berlin, introduced the process in the Transvaal, and for several years it was extensively used. In the 1890s he studied with John Hays Hammond off the coast of Cape Town, the gold content in the sea water ('investigations off the coast of South Africa, not far from Capte Town, to determine the gold content of sea water in that place'). There was a 'Von Gernet Copper Company', but it was liquidated in October 1905. In 1898 he became the first Russian Vice Consul in Johannesburg. In 1901, he traveled through Peru and Bolivia. Later he was in Brussels. Acc. to me he back to Estonia / Russia 1906 ? - to 1917 ? He died on January 4, 1942 in Dingolfing, Bavaria. Adolph von Gernet married in 1898 Leonilla princess of Mestscherski with whom he had a daughter, Alexandra von Reitzenstein (1900-1965). Above Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864, as Rudolf. He was born on 30 December 1864 in Sellenkull, Poenal, Laanemaa, (Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km and south-west of Lehola) Estonia. A doctor, who was latterly appointed by the Boer authorities to superintend the hospital, by James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine Rosslyn. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet, migrated to South Africa in the late nineteen nineties together with his wife Olga Antoinette Vera von Dehn.

Rudolf Jakob von Gernet b. 1864 in Sellenküll (Seljaküla), d. 1944, was son of Magnus Friedrich and Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie; his children: Hedwig Alexandra and Hans Jürgen; his brothers and sisters: Hedwig Alexandrine Kitty, Johann Friedrich, Anna Julie, Richard Adolf (b. 1863, in Seljaküla / Sellenküll, 'Estonia' member, managing metallurgy), Hedwig Luise Elisabeth, Eva Natalie, Julie Alexandrine Sara Mühlen and Adam Richard Ernst von Gernet. He was Dr. med., lived in Pretoria, Transvaal.

Here in the text below I hid a certain curiosity of family history Konstantynowicz, one of the interesting facts on the life of our ancestry, the Gernet and the Pilar family / von Pilchau Pilar:

Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912, was the first boss - the Commodore Club - of the Estonian Marine Yacht Club, which was founded in 1888 (Eestimaa Meri Jaht-Klubi or Эстляндский морской яхт-клуб) and which began to operate in Haapsalu (address: Veskiviigi port, Holmi No 14, Haapsalu). The club's Admiral, an honorary position, was His Imperial Highness, The Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovitch.

Pilar von Pilchau family was owner of Enivere, a village in Martna Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia, north-east of Kiideva and Haeska; a village on the south-east of Haapsalu, also famous Karjaküla / Karjaküll, Haeska, and Palivere.

Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau (1841 - 1918), was mayor of Haapsalu in 1878.

On the Eestimaa Mere-jahtklubil Commodore in Haapsalu:

The Estonian Marine Yacht Club / German yacht club was the first to organize in Haapsalu and Tallinn in 1890, founded by the 'Baltic Sail Sport', became the Imperial Yacht Club.

The club had nine Commodore. The first was in Haapsalu - Rudolf Gernet, and he remained in that position for 24 years (Rudolf V. Gernet was Haapsalu Marine Yacht Club Commodore 1871-1878 acc. to others sources; or 13 December 1888 was elected to the club commodore Rudolph von Gernet in Haapsalu [Eestimaa Merejahtklubi]; who remained in office for the next 28 years!?) that is 1888 - to 1912. That is son of Karl Johann Gernet - Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet b. 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu (Carl Jacob Rudolph born in Neuenhof, son of Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul; he was brother of Julie Johanna von Kursell, Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen, Richard and Magnus Friedrich). Honorary members of the club have been crowned heads: Kristjan X, King of Denmark, Crown Prince Olaf of Norway and Prince Wilhelm of Sweden - the Duke of Södermanland.

Haapsalu was a small resort town in his time with the Estonian Yachting center; Foundation was held in December 1888, the club's office was located in a villa 'Friedheim', In 1897 the Estonian Marine Yacht Club had the center in Tallinn; the Board of Estonian Maritime Yacht Club went to Tallinn, but Haapsalu remained as an Department. In 1885 built villa 'Friedheim', where Katharina von Gernet organized chamber music evenings; had a rich library of music books. In the 1920s, the house rented August Hanko. The club was based in Haapsalu. In 1890 the club owned 12 sailboat, who organized his yacht anchorage in Tallinn.
In 1936 the Commodore was Voldemar Vau,

and the Harbor Master Mr. A. Jansen.

In the Parnu Marine Yacht Club acted Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau / Adolph Jacob Constantin (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu), who was the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu.

Friedrich Rudolf Hermann von Gernet, b. 1857 in Polve, Waimel, Vőru, Estonia. Son of Richard von Gernet and Magdalene Pauline Charlotte von Stackelberg; his children: Ludwig Richard, Maguerite / Margarethe von Roth and Madeleine von Gernet; his brothers and sisters: Magdalene Molly, Olga, Adam Ludwig Richard, Marie Elisabeth Pauline Hedwig, Pauline Katharine Sophie, Johann Peter, Konstantin August Richard, Henriette Marie Luise.
Dr Rudolf Gernet died on 18 February 1893. He was living in Kiideva / Kiwidepäh, a village in the Ridala Parish (Jula Dunkel b. 1840 from the Ridala Parish, Lääne County and her father Kustas Dunkel b. 1814 from Haeska, 7 km east of Kiideva (Gernet) and south-east of Haapsalu), and lived in Pikkjärve - Karula (Langensee), east of Valga, close to the Latvia border. Dr. Rudolf Gernet of Kiideva / Kiwidepäh that is Friedrich Rudolf Hermann von Gernet b. June 26, 1857 in Polve, Waimel, Võru, eastern Estonia. His son Ludwig Richard von Gernet born in Hapsal (Haapsalu), but his two daughters were born in Sompa (Sompäh) / Сомпа - east of Rakvere, eastern Estonia.


At margin on the history of the Yacht Club in Pärnu (Pärnu Sail Club, 1908 - the Pärnu Yacht Club):
it was proposed by a Russia Navy officers, led by Chief of Harbor, Dmitri Lukhmanov / Luhmanov on June 21st, 1906. Dmitri Lukhmanov was elected to be the first Commodore, three yachts were registered - Nora, Pai and Anna in 1907. On March 28th, 1908, William Bett was elected Commodore (acted Dmitri Lukhmanov and Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, Country Marshal of the Livonian Knighthood, the owner of the Audru / Audern, estate - 8 km west of Parnu).

Protestant Cemetery, Rome (or Napoli / Neapol): Stone 1202, inf. on death in Neapol, 1896: Cecyl Mariano born = native Pilar Pilchau (Cecilia / Cecylia Mariano Pilar von Pilchau died 29th December 1896 in Italy, Neapol; Марьяно Сесилия Ливония from Аудерн, the Лифляндская government, b. 1847.01.21, see: Genealogisches Handbuch der Baltischen Ritterschaften. Teil Estland, Band II, Gorlitz). She was born on January 21, 1847 in Audern, close to Parnu, Livonia. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Charlotte Julie Pila von Pilchau; Ada Pilar von Pilchau (Helene Bertha Johanna Adele von Gruenewaldt 1853-1889); Theodor Gustav Otto Peter Pilar von Pilchau; and Hilda Pilar von Pilchau. We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano - a church history professor at the University of Naples. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor of the University of Naples. Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna von Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt). That is on Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847–1896), from Italian cementery. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Gorki was living on Capri Island (Lenin and Dzierzynski were here). Capri is close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani - was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW.

Data on Мариано / Mariano Mariani (born in Capua, ca 35 km north of Napoli): his book: 'Il fatto cooperativo nell'evoluzione sociale', Bologna, 1906. The Mariani family genealogy:

A. in FLORENTIA: Palace of La Giostra was never finished, after the death of the last of the family of dell'Antella the old palace passed to the Biagi, and then to the Delia Stufa, it now belongs to Signor Mariani. B. Bartolomeo Mariani, provost of Sant'Angelo, canon of Rieti.

C. Below data under copyright by geni.com:

1. ALESSANDRO Mariani, b. 1853, Cetona, Siena, Tuscany (north of Roma), Italy; son of DOMENICO Mariani and VIOLANTE Buoni (VIOLANTE Buoni, b. 1824, daughter of SILVESTRO Buoni and CATERINA, wife of DOMENICO Mariani, mother of SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani [SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani b. 1849 in Cetona, Sienna, Tuscany; husband of SAVINA Saracini and ROSA Basili, father of DOMENICO Mariani], ALESSANDRO Mariani and NATALE Mariani), husband of ANNUNZIATA Baglioni, father of RAFFAELLO Mariani (this RAFFAELLO Mariani, b. on November 25, 1882 in Cetona, Sienna, Tuscany, son of ALESSANDRO Mariani and ANNUNZIATA Baglioni, husband of CESIRA Roghi, father of CORRADO Mariani and ANNA Mariani; copyright by MASSIMO Cinelli on January 24, 2012 at geni.com); brother of SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani and NATALE Mariani; Copyright by: MASSIMO Cinelli in 2012 at geni.com. 2. DOMENICO Mariani, b. 1817 in Chianciano Terme, Sienna (north of Roma), Tuscany, Italy; he was son of GIUSEPPE Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, husband of VIOLANTE Buoni. Brother of LUIGI Mariani; copyright by MASSIMO Cinelli at http://www.geni.com/people/GIUSEPPE-Mariani/. 3. GIUSEPPE Mariani b. 1747 / 1801, son of GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani and ANNA Finocchi Balestrieri?; husband of MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, brother of ANGIOLA Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 4. GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani b. 1719 / 1779, husband of ANNA Finocchi Balestrieri?; father of ANGIOLA Mariani; GIUSEPPE Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 5. Above GIUSEPPE Mariani father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, brother of ANGIOLA Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 6. Above GIUSEPPE Mariani, son of GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani and ANNA Finocchi (Balestrieri?), husband of MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, 7. Above LUIGI Mariani b. 1802, son of GIUSEPPE Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, husband of MADDALENA Grinchi and ASSUNTA Mariotti; father of ASSUNTA Mariani; CAROLINA Mariani; SANTI Mariani; PIETRO Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Mariani; brother of DOMENICO Mariani. And on above Santi Mariani: b. on November 11, 1843 in Cetona, Siena, Tuscany, son of LUIGI Mariani and MADDALENA Grinchi, husband of MARGHERITA Basili, father of ENRICHETTA Mariani; brother of ASSUNTA Mariani; CAROLINA Mariani and PIETRO Mariani, half brother of MARIA DOMENICA Mariani. We know about Agostino MARIANI, b. 1809 in Borgotaro, Parma, Italy, brother of Antonio MARIANI b. 1816 (by GMS in 2009 and by Anderson) and second brother b. 1805 / 1820?!. And next branch: Adamo Mariani, b. between 1709 and 1769, husband of Crisandra, father of Gaetano Mariani and Rosa Mariani. This Gaetano Mariani, b. 1775, d. 1854, father of Pasquale Mariani (no other data); Giuseppe Cesar Mariani (private inf.) and Filippo Angiolo Giuseppe Mariani (no other inf.). Copyright by Tina Rossi on March 4, 2009 at geni.com.

Raphael Mariano, wrote in International Journal of Ethics, No 4, 1894. MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, an error which no administration has yet to be corrected; b. in Capua, on September 5, 1840 - d. Florence, 1912; was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera, took philosophy and the history of religions; professor of Church History at the University of Naples 1885-1904; oriented towards the interpretation of Hegel, as a philosopher can be placed together with his teacher in the trend established in the second half of the nineteenth century that called orthodox Hegelianism, that 'philosophy must be ensured by religion'; Benedetto Croce, responds harshly to the arguments proposed by Mariano on the 6th number of 1908 the 'Criticism. Magazine of Literature, history and Philosophy'; 1864 in a debate on the the death penalty, as his teacher Augusto Vera. The hometown of the philosopher, Capua. Italian Encyclopedia (1934) by Guido Calogero: MARIANO, Raphael, scholar of philosophy and the history of religions, born in Capua 1840, died in Florence in 1912. From 1885 to 1904 he was professor of church history at the University of Naples. Follower of Hegelianism in southern Italy, was in fact animated by a tendency of Eclectic, which on the one hand drew him to the Christian faith and the other left him between Catholicism and Protestantism; among his writings are: Lassalle ..., The individual and the state, The return to Kant and neo-Kantians, Buddhism and Christianity, Francis and some of his most recent biographers, Judaism, paganism, Roman Empire; The conversion of the pagan world to Christianity; Christianity in the first centuries; Pope, the clergy and the Church in Italy; Around the Church's history.

Georg Lukács in 1936 wrote 'Eulogy for Maxim Gorky: A Great Proletarian Humanist', that: '...The last great writer of the European galaxy of realists is dead. And with him died the first great classic writer of Socialist realism. ... however, Gorky’s style differs fundamentally from that of Tolstoy. Gorky inherited Tolstoy’s broad view of the world, ... of which Hegel spoke, and which results in the world also taking a 'reasonable view' of such men...'. 'Hegel, Freedom and the Ideological Roots of Soviet Foreign Policy', by IGOR LUKES: "...In the preface to the Science of Logic, Hegel wrote, 'If it is remarkable when a nation loses its constitutional theory ... it is certainly no less remarkable when a nation loses its metaphysics'. In this article, Mr. Lukes examines the Hegelian notion offreedom and traces its development in the writings of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Lukacs. ... On November 7, 1917, reports Gorki, both Lenin and Trotsky were already poisoned with the venom of power, and this was 'evidenced by their shameful attitude toward freedom of speech, the individual, and the sum total of those'. ... Maxim Gorki, Untimely Thoughts, ed. New York, p. 83. Hegel, Phenomenology, p. 377. ... The new leaders, as the Romanov government before them, 'seize and drag off to prison all those who think differently'. Hegel noticed that antiquity saw wisdom and virtue in living 'in accordance with the customs of one's own nation'. Lenin, on the other hand, came to impose his will upon it. Gorki writes: 'The working class cannot fail to understand that Lenin is only performing a certain experiment on their skin and on their blood, that he is striving to push the revolutionary mood of the proletariat to its furthest extreme and see - what will come of this?' Life, in all its complexity, warns Gorki, is unknown to Lenin, who is not without the psychological traits of a Russian nobleman. The anarchy does not disturb Lenin; he has learned from his books how to raise masses on their hind legs. 'The working class,' concludes Gorki, 'is for Lenin what ore is for a metalworker ... What does Lenin risk if the experiment should fail?' ... Gyorgy Lukacs was a true philosopher and also a brilliant practitioner of an important art: survival in Stalin's Russia as well as in Nagy's government. His Hegelian roots are well known; some of his works are quite serious, honest, and scholarly. Sadly, however, an equally voluminous part of his production is less serious...".

Richard Ernst Adam von Gernet, Fridrichovic, that is son of Friedrich von Gernet and Katheerin von Gruenewaldt, was born on 17.8.1878 / 29.8.1878 in Kiwidepäh and d. on 1.7.1944 in Hamburg; and his wife: Jul. Marg. Bar. Maydell b. on 22.6.1882 in Mitau.


Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870. He returned to independent Estonia in 1923. Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough. Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, nickname Alf, b. in Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa. His wife Julie Olga Eugenie von der Pahlen born in Pleskau or Pskow / Pihkva in 1865, her mother Helene Charlotte Louise von der Pahlen nee von Toll 1833 - 1910, and her grandmother Olga Karoline Olga von Toll nee von Strandman 1796 - 1861, her brother Karl Gustav von Strandmann 1787 - 1855, and her sister Wilhelmine Charlotte von Ungern-Sternberg nee von Strandmann 1785 - 1813. The son of above Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau was Adolf Constantin Theodor Baron Pilar von Pilchau born in Sauga, Pärnumaa in 1885; the daughter Olga Marie Hildegard Bertha Pilar von Pilchau b. 1886 and her sons Nikolaus Eduard Roderic Adolf and Friedrich Adolf Walther Konstantin. Olga's Marie Hildegard Bertha Pilar von Pilchau husband: Charles Wilhelm Eduard von Lillenfeld b. 1880 in Kehtna, Rapla County, Estonia. The sister of above Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau was Johanna Sophie Konstanze von Keyserling nee Pilar von Pilchau 1856 - 1925.

The father of Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, born and died in Audru / Audern, 1814 - 1870.
Grandfather Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814,
has brothers:
1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830

(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801.
Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1767 in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jőgisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia.
Jőgisoo (Jőgisuu) ca 3 km south-west of Kullamaa, south-east-east of Haapsalu, Läänemaa county. But we know about different Jöggis, ca 5 and 1/2 km south from Saue, and south-west of Saku, also ca 7 km south-east of Keila and east of Lehola.
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik
north - east of Tallinn or rather
south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757),

2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and 3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - died 1819 in Reval / Tallinn. They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar: Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Above named Adolf Pilar von Pilchau in 1881 rented Sauga in Pärnu County, Estonia and took out a lease production of potato vodka under the name 'Audru'. Acc. to Wikipedia, the political career he started in 1876 in Pärnu region as the parish judge; 1878 the supervision of the district judge and the Pärnu / Pernau city councillor in 1879; he was elected a member of the Livonian Noble Corporation in 1882, and in 1899 he became a church curator of Livonia, Pärnu and Viljandi; 1902 he became also an economic Livonia president. In 1884 married to Julie Olga Eugenie / Jenny von der Pahlen born in Pleskau in 1865; Julie Eugenie von der Pahlen was daughter of the Pskov governor, Konstantin Magnus von der Pahlen; their four children: Adolf Konstantin Theodor von Pilar Pilchau 1885-1958, Olga von Pilar Pilchau, Friedrich von Pilar Pilchau 1888-1914 and Andreas von Pilar Pilchau; 1891 - 1906 they moved to more spacious home close to Parnu. 1905 Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was in Petersburg; 1906 relocated to Riga and Livonia, and he moved to Riga; 1908-1918 he was the land marshal of the Livonian knighthood to carry out economic and administrative reforms, 1912 he was elected to the Supreme Council from the Baltic provinces of Russia as a representative member, to share life in Riga and St. Petersburg; 1915 the Russian soldiers of Pavel Rodzjanko raided his house in Pärnu; 1916 he was living in Tartu and Riga. In April 1917, he performed his duties for the last time in St. Petersburg. After 3 September 1917 in Riga he participated in negotiations with the German occupation authorities to restore the power of knighthood, which failed. In July 1918, he resigned from the office. On 12 April 1918 it was sent a joint petition of Estonia, Livonia, Courland nobility on the creation of the Duchy, and on 22 September 1918 an independence was recognized by the emperor and the Baltic Duchy was formed in November 1918 - he was the regent of the United Baltic Duchy in 1918. On 3 January 1919 Adolf Pilar von Pilchau escaped on a ship from Riga to Stettin, and he lived in Berlin. 1923 returned to Estonia but his estate in Pärnu had already been nationalized. Removed to Tallinn, died 17 June 1925, and was buried in Audru.


Genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Роман Людвиг Пилар фон Пильхау / Ромуальдас-Людвикас Адольфович Пилляр фон Пильхау. Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau / Roman Pilljar / Romuald Pilar von Pilchau / Romuald Ludwig von Pilar Pilchau, born 1894 in Mickuny close to Wilno / Vilnius. 1905 to September 1910 - Vilnius secondary school, followed by Zurich in real school (1910 - 1911), where he graduated in 1911. In September of the same year, he continued study in Kuressaare Gymnasium. When German troops occupied the Saaremaa, Pilar von Pilchau evacuated to the Yaroslavl Province.
Some details of the genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau:
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt, von Pillar-Pilchau, Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811.
Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:
Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.
Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871 (that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia, father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army) in Wilno; his son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska

(from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806),

she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.

Counts Pilar von Pilchau of the Wilno province: Stanislaw owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, his wife Januszewska Zofia - relatives of Feliks Dzierzynski. His father - Aleksander (1871). And unknown: Fiodor Pilar von Pilchau (1835 - died ?). Major of the Russian Army in 1859, Czeczelnik, Olhopol and Balta = Józefgród, under command of colonel Kozlianinow.
The Vilnius Bernardine Cemetery, Lithuania (genealogia.okiem.pl), 1. Zofija Pilar fon Pilchau (? - 1898); 2. Wilhelmina Matulaitis Mackiewicz died in 1962 at the age of 95, good Bolshevik, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, her daughter Aldona died in 1986, widow executed by firing squad Janisie Bruninsz, she lived more than 85; Aldona's son - Volodar (Darik) died in 1990; her daughter Aldona (Ada), the Lithuanian writer, lives in Vilnius. Tombs of the Matulaitis family are at the Vilnius cemeteries: Wilhelmina Idalia Marozzeti. 3. Pilar von Pilchau: Alexandra von Pilar Pilchau, died 25 October 1901 and her sister Wilunia 1866-1872, died Jan. 1, 1872; Pilar Kulwinska Joanna, died in 1876. Izabella Pilar von Pilchau Kulwinska, died in 1891, aged 83. Zofija Pilar von Pilchau died January 28, 1898 (sister of buried in the same cemetery Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, deceased in 1896); Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, judge of the border in the county of Vilnius, died in 1871 (grandfather of Roman Pilar). Pilar Pilchau Henryk, 1818 - 2.VI.1876.

From Mickuny / Mickūnai of the Becu family and the Pilar Pilchau property (near by Terlecki, Ozieblowski, Januszewski, Dzierzynski and Pilsudski families), to Zalesie / Zalesse / Залесье of the Oginski family - close to Smorgon / Smargon / Smorgonie - is ca 60 km to south-east.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century the property Mickuny belonged to August Becu (1771-1824) - Professor of Medicine at the Imperial University of Vilnius (he was in Scotland 1803 - 1804), the second husband of the Salome / Salomea Slowacki, the mother of the famous poet Juliusz Slowacki (he was next in Switzerland in the years 1834-1835).

In the Part III of Adam Mickiewicz's 'Forefathers' Augustas Ludvikas Bekiu (1771—1824) served as a 'Doctor'. August Bécu as a professor and board member of the University of Vilnius was received by the Adam Mickiewicz, as a traitor and collaborator of Senator Nikolai Nowosilcow. In 1832, Juliusz Slowacki, after reading Part III of 'Dziady' / 'Forefathers', believed that a presentation of his stepfather is unfair and defamatory; he wanted to challenge to a duel with Adam Mickiewicz; and it ended up mutual dislike of poets. In response Juliusz Slowacki in 1834 had wrote 'Kordian' - drama.

Probably about 1815 Mickuny / Mickūnai became the property of Alexander Pillar von Pilchau / Pilar Pilchau, then judge of the district of Vilnius. Alexander Pillar, in Mickuny in 1826 built a new chapel. In the mid-nineteenth century Mickuny / Mickunai belonged to Stanislaw Pillar, the son of Alexander. 1923 owner of Mickuny - next Alexander Pillar.

But Roman Pillar (1894 / 1895 - 1937) before World War I, began to study law at the University of St. Petersburg, where he was soon involved with the Bolsheviks activity of Felix Dzierżyński.

See: Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918). Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1851 - 1925, b. in Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland.

Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау
born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin:

Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein;

фон Людер / Luder died 1857;

Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779;

Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Bekiu / Becu;

1798 m. to Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан; Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838; фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779; фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919; фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.

On the Dziershynski / Dzierzhynsky / Dzierzynski family:
"...I say that not only Slovatsky, but Roman Pilar, and Dzerzhinsky on this stone had sat and dreamed himself of liberty, equality and fraternity. ... Roman's mother, Helena Pilarowa / Helena Pilar. She lived deep in old age. Halina Radkiewicz, a resident of Mickuny remembers it well. Pilar Helena, the wife of Count Alexander. The Pilar count's title is not used. Von Pilchau survived on the tombstones of the cemetery. I wrote not Pilhau, but Pilchau. A very decent family. Alexander, has three names, but only use the first name. Helena Joanna nee Krzywiec. Alexander and Helena were married in 1890. In 1894 (or 1895), was born their first-born, Roman. And then gave birth to his younger brothers. It is common in human memory that was still two. Well, Roman had three brothers. The youngest was named Marian, Marys ... All the boys were very well, very capable, with the exception of the latter. Marys / Marian Pilar Pilchau was a child of bad health, mentally ill and died at the age of ten years. The boys were brought up in the spirit of patriotism, a Catholic, even though their father, Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, was a Lutheran. The Lutheran, but two of his houses gave for the use of the Roman Catholic Church rectory. In education the greatest influence has mother, Helena Pilar, loved by all three sons. It's true, Roman Pilchau von Pilar was definitely under the influence of his uncle, Felix Dzerzhinsky. Because it was a family. The sister of Dzerzhinsky's mother, Zofia Januszewski, married to Stanislaus Pilar of Mickuny. Stanislaw Pilar - the father of Alexander, the grandfather of Roman. ... The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland. Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed. Halina Radkiewicz a long time worked in a school as a teacher. Conducted historical museum. And all of this museum was from Pilar Helena, mother of Roman. They were together in good contacts. Pilar gave her the souvenirs. Halina Radkiewicz all this gave to the school... Old, historic photographs from the nineteenth and early twentieth century, signed by famous photograp names in Vilnius / Vilna, FLEURY, and the last letters written to his mother by Roman. ... On July 20, 1926, news of the death of the Iron Felix went around the whole of Russia, and soon the world. With a significant delay (26 July 1926) also reported on the Cracow 'Time': "He died suddenly in Moscow, one of the most famous actors of the Bolshevik revolution and the most prominent of Lenin Soviet governments, Felix Dzerzhinsky, of Polish origin. He was a man uncommonly clever...". The sudden death of Felix Dzerzhinsky aroused a wave of rumors about unnatural character. ... about suicide. A murder or poisoning. Conducted the autopsy showed a general slowing of the blood vessels, and death due to heart aneurism. The ruling was signed by a few most prominent Moscow doctors and professors. ... the French Prime Minister, Edouard Herriot in 1922, visited Moscow and Warsaw. In Warsaw, met with Jozef Pilsudski, which also spoke about Dzerzhinsky... The niece of Winston Churchill, a young English aristocrat, sculptress Clare Sheridan in October 1920 went secretly to Soviet Russia to sculpt Lenin and Dzerzhinsky. When the family learned of her intentions, she became enraged. Winston Churchill said that he would not talk to her. Clare returned to England. In 1921, in London wrote the book 'Russian portraits', and seven years later in New York, '... truth'. In her memoirs, Dzerzhinsky appears to be extremely interesting, handsome man... The second wife of Pilar Roman was supposedly Polish woman exceptionally beautiful. Pilar had with her two children (born 1927 and 1932). In Moscow, the Pilars often were in the company of the Wilno girls. Apolonia and Bronislawa Kozlowski. ... Bronisława Kozłowska (document dated March 30, 1967). She came from a peasant family. She was a few years younger than Pilar (born December 9, 1898). What's been doing in Vilnius during the First World War ... In 1918, she met members of the Bolshevik illegal organization. It was the family of Joseph Lickiewicz. He was a shoemaker, he worked at home, had three sons - John, Mieczyslaw and Stefan. Also met Elena and Anna Drabowicz. ...met a young Vilnius residents, Joseph Adamowicz, Stanislaus Kobak and Albina Ejdukiewicz, the daughter of Francis Ejdukiewicz / Eidukevičius ... June 20, 1919, after the treatment... Jan Lickiewicz, Joseph Adamowicz / Adasiek, Roman Pillar / Pilar Pilchau, the son of Alexander ('Romuald'), Constantine Kiernowicz and Albina Ejdukiewicz, the daughter of Francis. At the end of 1919 in December as a first was transported to exchange Roman Pilar and Constantine Kiernowicz. ... Kiernowicz Constantine was born in 1887 in Vilnius. He came from a working class family. He was a good carpenter. From early youth sympathized with the revolutionary movement... In 1905 he was a board member of the carpenters union in Vilnius. Soon was among the Polish socialists, ... It is known, however, that since 1918, after returning from Russia Roman Pilar and Kiernowicz were a close associate. He and Pilar will be a delegate to the congress of the party. In 1922 Kiernowicz acted in Minsk GPU, so again, along with Pilar. He worked there until 1930. And suddenly in 1931 Kiernowicz is already in Rostov-on-Don, works there as an ordinary carpenter. In 1937, Constantine Kiernowicz is arrested and charged with espionage to a foreign country (Poland) ... Shot him in Rostov on September 11, 1938. On March 28, 1937 or May 16, 1937 was arrested Roman Pilar? ...after all, in the years 1915-1917 he studied law at the University of Petrograd (earlier studies in Estonia and Switzerland). Particularly puzzling mistake is the birthplace of Roman Louis Pilar / Roman Ludwik Pilar Pilchau. Sources of Soviet special services provide Vilnius. Lithuanian encyclopedias, on Romanas Liudvikas Pileris that was born in Poland, in Łapy (Bialystok province). The year of birth. The sources of Soviet secret police: 08/08/1894. The Lithuanian Soviet encyclopedias: 08/08/1895. I believe to the Lithuanian Soviet encyklopedia. Bialystok lie near by Krzywice - a family estate of Louis Roman mother's: Pilar / Pilarowa Helen (nee Krzywiec). Roman Pilar, shot on September 2, 1937 and was buried in Kommunarskie NKVD headquarters in Moscow. The nephew of Felix Dzerzhinsky, spy since 1920, and later from 1935 the Soviet general. The head of the NKVD in Saratov, who speaks five languages ​​fluently (including German). ... Kiernowicz was removed in 1930 from Minsk. Earlier, a year after the death of Dzerzhinsky, was killed in unfortunate circumstances, Joseph Opański, which Pilar worked together. JOSEPH OPAŃSKI (aka Juozas Opanskis). Born in Onikszty in Lithuania. He joined the Bolshevik Party in Petrograd in 1916. He met there at that time a student Pilar. In 1918 Opański returned to Lithuania, where, together with Pilar formed the Bolshevik party structure. In 1921, Felix Dzerzhinsky sent him together with Jonas Gruodis to Minsk. Opański Joseph died in 1927, in a car accident. ARTHUR Nowicki (aka Kazys Naujokaitis). He was about a year (or two) younger than Pilar. Born in 1896 in the village Auszkadary in Lithuania. He came from a peasant family. Doctor. He studied medicine at Dorpat, where he met Roman Pilar. In May 1917 Nowicki was in Minsk, where he drew the revolutionary movement. In 1918, in Minsk. Nowicki - Naujokaitis - Nowickij working within the structures of the GPU in Minsk, moved to Novosibirsk, then to Tashkent. In 1934 arrives to Saratov. It is not known whether Pilar pulled him there, whether it was the opposite. In 1937 he was arrested, August 21 - shot. ... (Others figures) A close associate of Dzerzhinsky - Stanislaw Pestkowski, Soviet agent and diplomat. In the great purge, Bolesław Przybyszewski (son of writer Stanislaw Przybyszewski). ... November 7, 1988 published an article of 1919, when Pilar Pilchau Roman came at the hands of Polish legionnaires. During the exchange of political prisoners was given him to sign a document that he has no pretensions to the Polish Foreign Ministry. He signed, and shortly afterwards, when Pilar worked in the Soviet Union, reported to him a man from Poland, and pointed him to the last sentence in the document, in which he - Pilar - undertook to submit the information to the Polish intelligence. ... Who was born August 8, 1894 in Vilnius and was arrested on 28 March 1937 in Saratov, or - who was born on August 8, 1895 in Łapy, in the province of Bialystok and was arested in the Saratov May 16, 1937? The text of Danguoli Repšiene (written in 1988), say to us, on a document confirming Roman Pilar death. On what basis Roman Pilar in 1957 was rehabilitated? ... The Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol 3, ed. 1968, given the date of death of Roman Pilar / Romanas Pileris - September 2, 1937 and the similarly specified, where he died - in Moscow. As published in Vilnius, 1978, by the same publishing house Mintis, in Volume 3, the date of death - September 2, 1937. There is also a word that Pileris was rehabilitated...".

All above according to Alwida A. Bajor.
And details:

Alexandra von Pilar Pilchau, died October 25, 1901 and her sister Wilunia, died January 1, 1872;

Pilar Joanna nee Kulwiński, died in 1876.

Izabella Pilar von Pilchau Kulwiński, died in 1891, aged 83 years.

Zofija Pilar von Pilchau died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896.

Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar!
Father of Roman Pilar, died Oct. 12, 1939.

Александр Карл Пилар фон Пильхау born 1802, in Wilno / Вильнюс, was married to Ионна Станиславовна Кульвинска /
Joanna nee Kulwinska daughter of Stanislaw Kulwinski
(Kulwiński with the Bończa coat of arms was living in 1819 in Wilno; Kulwiński Antoni, 1810-28 in Wilno; and Kulwinski in Jaminy, close to Augustow, Russia 1759-1800; in Suwałki; from 1584 in Kulwy in the Wilno province).
His mother
Maria Cecylia von Bécu
/ Мария Цецилия фон Бекю and father Магнус or Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born 1768. His grandfather Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау born 1734, married 1756 in Tallinn / Ревель, to Катарина Хелена фон Таузас. Place of living: Халлик and Йоггис; Hagar / Hallik in Tamsalu, Estonia, county of Laane-Viru, south-west of Rakvere - eastern Eesti.

Bécu: Augustas Ludvikas Bekiu / August Ludwik Becu /
August Ludwik Bécu b. 1771
in Grodno, his father - Jan Ludwik Bécu, in 1775 noble family, mother Karolina nee Hein.

August Ludwik Bécu owner of Mickuny, married
ca 1800 to von Pilar Pilchau 1770-1816,
and has two daughters: Aleksandra Mianowski nee Becu 1804-1832, closest friend of
Juliusz Słowacki,
and Hersylia Januszewski 1808-1872, m.

Teofil Januszewski, brother of Salomea - mother of poet Juliusz Słowacki.

August Ludwik Bécu in August 1818 married second time to Salomea Słowacki, when Juliusz Slowacki aged 8.
August Ludwik Becu was sent in 1803 - 1804 from (Russia) the Vilna University to Scotland (UK) to investigate smallpox vaccination.

Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814, has brothers:

1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830
(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757),
2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland,
and 3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn.
They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

On October 12, 1826 in Mickuny consecrated a chapel built by Alexander Pilar. The ceremony was attended, among others, by Juliusz Slowacki with his sisters Hersylia and Aleksandra Becu.

Romuald Roman baron Pilar Pilchau, Sept. 1905 in Wilno, Zurich, Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland government, Даниловo / Danilovo in the Jaroslav government.

Above Arensburg:
Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland.
Johanna Apollonie / Polly Pilar von Pilchau 1820, died in Arensburg, lived in Orriküll or Oriküla, ca 55 km north-east of Parnu. Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781, died 1860 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), his father Georg Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau 1748 died 1804 in Kergel (Kärla), Ösel (Saaremaa). Grandfather died in Hafik - Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau (1720 - 1771).
Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 died 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal). His children: Annette Luise Pilar von Pilchau in Haapsalu (Hapsal), 1881, but next child Marie Dagmar Pilar von Pilchau born in Lääne County in 1887, and Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau in Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, in 1887. Hedwig Luise von Sass nee Pilar von Pilchau 1818 - 1852 from Sandel (Sandla), Ösel (Saaremaa), died in 1852 in Arensburg (Kuressaare). On the Stadtschule in Arensburg is a book.

Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, his sons: Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau b. 1887 in Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, Estonia, and next son Karl (Charly) Alexander Pilar von Pilchau b. 1871 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, and them sister for example Marie Dagmar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1881 from Sternberg, Lääne County. Pilar v. Pilchau, Reinhold Friedrich, Landmarschall, born in Wolde (Ösel) in 1781, and died in Arensburg 1860.

Pilar Roman / ПИЛЛЯР РОМАН АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ (РОМУАЛЬД ФОН ПИЛЬХАУ) in Arensburg / Аренсбург on Saaremaa Island, September 1911 to March 1917. Ösel-Wiek was also known as Osilia and Rotalia - modern Saaremaa and Läänemaa.
Famous persons:
1813 - 1816, Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Peter von Buxhoeveden; Alexander von Nolcken; von Güldenstubbe; von Ditmar; Nolcken, von Aderkas, von Loringhoven, von Ekesparre and 1906 - 1919 Axel Baron Buxhöveden, last Swedish Landmarschälle.
The Baltic Provinces are formally transferred to German authority by Russia in 1918 following the Treaties of Brest-Litovsk and of Berlin. Power is transferred to a new council for the island on 18 November 1918.
The von Gernet family was in Harju County, more in Lehole, Kostivere, Salajőe and Vaemla.
The Baltic German historian Axel von Gernet (1865-1920), or Konrad Axel von Gernet from
Sallentack (Salutaguse / 2 km east of Kohila, 19 km south-east of Saku), Raplamaa, Estland,
died 1920 in St. Petersburg. He was writing on the history of Arensburg. His wife Magdalene Marie Olga Freiin von Tiesenhausen b. 1868. His son Wilhelm Oskar von Gernet b. 1900 from St Petersburg. His brother Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet b. 1867 in Sallentack (Salutaguse); and his father Adam Oskar von Gernet b. 1834 - 1908, from Tallinn. Author Gernet, Axel von, 'Forschungen zur Geschichte des baltischen...', ed in Hannover, on Teutonic Knights, Harju area in Estonia.
Kohila, Estonia is located ca 17 km south of Saku! Konrad Axel von Gernet was from Sallentack
(Salutaguse / 2 km east of Kohila). The estate 'Тохисоо' has belonged to various Baltic German families, including the Wrangel family, who owned it for more than 200 years, since 1744. Berend Johann von Schulmann (b. 1660 - d. 1746) / Генрих фон Шульманн, d. Reval in 1658, husband of Хедвиг фон Таубе, daughter of Вильгельм ам Этц and Aнны фон Цёге; 2nd time to Гертруда фон Ферфюлль; Генрих фон Шульманн served the Russian Army with
Berend Johann von Wrangell of Koil / Kohila (b. 1662 Reval - d. 1731) / Беренд Иоганн фон Врангель
1711 - 1713; he was son of Hans von Wrangell and Sophie Helene Taube; father of Ewert Wolmar von Wrangell; Nils Gustav von Wrangell; Sofia Helena Wrangel; Johanna Christina Charlotte von Gersdorff; Berend Johann von Wrangell
(b. 1714, died in Tois, 1761; his son Otto Gustav Baron von Wrangell b. 1754, and grandson: Georg Wilhelm Wrangell b. 1799 - his children: Auguste Katharina, Gotthard Harald Adam, and Julie Wilhelmine Henriette; above Gotthard Harald Adam b. 1838 in Tois (Tohisoo), Kohila vald, Raplamaa).
We back now to above Hans von Wrangell b. 1638 Reval, he was son of Hans Wrangell af Fall and Katharina von Niekirchen. Copyright by Peter Trefilov at geni.com.

Johanna Apollonie (Polly) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1820 - 1880 in Arensburg. Her father Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860. Grandfather Georg Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau 1748 - 1804, great-grandfather Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau 1720 - 1771. Hedwig Luise von Sass nee Pilar von Pilchau 1818 - 1852 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), Estland. Her father Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860. Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), Estland. Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia. His son born February 28, 1887 in (Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau) Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, Estonia. Louise Christine von Rehbinder / Luise Christine von Rehbinder b. circa 1764 and d. on March 24, 1827 in Narwa / Narva; she has four husbands: Wilhelm Droßmann, Otto von Rehbinder, Georg Gustav von Ditmar and Carl Gustav von Gernet; her father! - Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, b. circa 1706 and d. on June 17, 1775 in Arensburg / Kuressaare in Saaremaa and her grand-father acc. to Reet Laherand: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. ? died ca. 1745 and her grand-mother Anna Elisabeth nee von Poorten, d. 1720.
Several genealogical family connections between families Rehbinder and Gernet, and Arensburg, Saku and Lehola in this configuration: on 6 March 1865 between the Lord Captain Alezander Gernet / Alexander Gernet (Alexander August von Gernet 1786 - 1865, born and died in Lehhola / Lehola; his wife died in Lehola - Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder 1796 - 1862) - as owner of the property in the Harri / Harrifchen or (Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland) Harjumaa county, Keila parish, close to Lehola - and the farmer Tönnis Elling concluded agreement on the sold on 20 April 1865. And agreement between Gernet and the farmer Karel Keippar on the site Wanna Iürri, as owner of the property in the Harri / Harrifchen close to Lehola. Captain Alexander von Gernet and the farmer Hans Limberg on the site Old (?) concluded decreed, as owner of the property in the Harrifchen / Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, close to Lehola. Konrad Axel von Gernet b. 1865 in Sallentack / Salutaguse - ca 19 km south-east of Saku, Raplamaa, died February 5, 1920 in St. Petersburg; his son Wilhelm Oskar von Gernet was born in St Petersburg in 1900; his daughter Magdalene Charlotte Sperrlingk nee von Gernet was born in Tartu / Dorpat in 1896. His father Adam Oskar von Gernet (1834 - 1908), grandfather Hans Moritz von Gernet (1775 - 1860) and sister of the grandfather - Auguste Luise von Rehbinder (von Gernet) b. 1772 - 1851: her husband Johann Bernhard / Ivan Vladimirovich von Rehbinder (1760 - 1819); father of this husband: Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder b. 1706 - died 1775 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Saaremaa, and grandfather of this husband: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. 1685.


Julian Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski Kojallowicz Bulhak at the Bobruisk region
Now we back to Feliks Dzierzynski:

Besides Felix Dzierzynski was still six sons and three daughters. The youngest brother, Witold, died in childhood. Stanislaw, a biologist and manager of the court, death at the hands of marauders in 1917. Wladyslaw, was a famous neurologist and psychiatrist. Captured in 1942, shot in Zgierz. Casimir, who was killed with his wife in 1943. Fifth of the brothers, Ignatius / Ignacy Dzierzynski, died in 1953, at the age of 73. The younger sister, Jadwiga - we do not know anything more than that she died in 1949. Aldona who was always support for Feliks Dzierzynski. Aldona, whose son was adjutant of Jozef Pilsudski!

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living in the Bobruisk district, near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (he was born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).

Wanda had died as a result of an inadvertent shot, but acc. to Hedwig Żukowska, neighbor of Dzierżyński and future wife of General Sosnkowski, shot gave Felix. Feliks Dzierzynski basic education received at home. So the first teachers of Felix was his father and sister Aldona. The situation changed in 1883, when their father died (1882), Edmund. Aldona was sister of Witold Dzierżyński, Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska, Stanisław Dzierżyński, Kazimierz Dzierżyński, Feliks Dzierżyński. Acc. to Andrzej Hennel in 2010.

Stalin still a few years after the death of Feliks Dzierzynski, given to him the Trotsky name.

Hit in a table, and scissors ... - Polish proverb says. A biography of Felix Dzerzhinsky, written by Sylvia Frolov, will be released in August 2012 in the Cracow publisher 'Znak', said in 'New Poland: Social and political and literary monthly', No 2 (138) in February 2012, by Helena Shimanskaya. But two years later, Onet.pl on 26 January, 2014, wrote that Sylwia Frolov '...expected that my book will trigger a sharp controversy. From the very beginning I had to deal with such reactions...'. "Dzerzhinsky. Love and Revolution", by Sylvia Frolov is an attempt a new look at one of the most terrifying person of the first half of the twentieth century. Broadcast prepared by Bartosz Panek on 31.01.2014, at Polish Radio SA show more on the life and choices of Felix Dzerzhinsky, and how it is perceived in Russia today, which was attended by Sylvia Frolov and sovietologists - prof. Andrzej de Lazari and Dr Łukasz Jasina (historian, who recently returned from Moscow). 'Dzerzhinsky. Love and Revolution' ed, on 2014/01/13 and 2014-01-14, by Sylvia Frolov.

Aldona Dzerzhinskaja - at first marriage Bulhak, second Koyallovich. Her husband Bulhak / Bulhac didn't like Feliks Dzierzynski, and removed out him from the Aldona Dzierzynska - Bulhak home. Aldona Bulhak later moved to Vienna / Wieden in Austria. Her husband was a millionaire. In 1945, after the war, she lived in Vilna. Then moved to permanent residence in Poland, where he lived in Lodz. There is evidence that during the trial of the officers in 1949 petitioned to the Boleslaw Bierut for Sila - Nowicki, her relative.

In the 30's of the 20th cent. Jadwiga (she worked in the Commissariat of Railways) Dzierzynska was repressed. Stanislav Dzierzynski was killed in 1917 in a family Dzerzhinsky home. Kazimierz Dzierzynski / Casimir during the war fought as a partisan in the Baranovichi area. Was issued by the German traitor and executed along with his wife. Ignacy / Ignatius Dzierzynski was related to Unszlicht. Wanda was accidentally killed at age 14. Feliks Dzierzynski was arrested in Warsaw in April 1908. 1909 exiled to Siberie, village Bielskoje / Бельское, then Suchowo / Сухово and Tasiejewo / Тасеево, the Jenisiej government / Енисейская губерния, escaped November 1909 and moved to Capri Island in Italy to М. Горьки / Gorki; 1910 back to Poland, March 1910 in Cracow / Краков, married to С. С. Мушкат / Muszkat. In February 1911 closest to Lenin. In January 1912 back to Warsaw, September arrested; 1914 - 1916 prisoner, Moscow prison 1916 to 1 March 1917.

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov / Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в b. 1868 d. 18 June 1936, known as Maxim / Maksim Gorky or Макси́м Го́рький; born in Nizhny Novgorod, Gorky was brought up by his grandmother; he wrote under the pseudonym Иегудиил Хламида / Jehudiel Khlamida. 1892, he was working in Tiflis for the newspaper Кавказ / The Caucasus; 1899, he was associating with the Marxist social-democratic movement; 1906, the Bolsheviks sent him on a fund-raising trip to the United States; 1906 to 1913, Gorky lived on the island of Capri, to support the work of Russian social-democracy: Anatoly Lunacharsky in 1908, Bogdanov and Vladimir Bazarov; In 1921, he hired a secretary, Moura Budberg (Capri close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, on September 5, 1840 - d. Florence, 1912; was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW). In August 1921, when Nikolay Gumilev, his friend was arrested by the Petrograd Cheka, he obtained an order to release Gumilev from Lenin personally, but in October 1921, Gorky returned to Italy, to 1928 living mostly in Sorrento (near by Capri); visited the USSR several times after 1929, and in 1932 Joseph Stalin invited him to return. Above Maria Ignatievna Budberg / Мария or Мура Игнатьевна Закревская-Бенкендорф-Будберг / Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg, as Countess Benckendorff, Baroness Budberg born 1891 or 1893 died 1974, daughter of Ignacy Zakrzewski / Ignaty Platonovitch Zakrevsky b. 1841, a Russian nobleman and diplomat. Above Мария Игнатьевна / Maria Будберг / Budberg / Закревская / Zakrevskaya, b. 1891 or 1893 in Charkow, d. 1974, daughter of Игнатий Платонович Закревский and Мария Николаевна Закревская, wife of Johann / Hans von Benckendorff, and Nikolai / Lay von Budberg and Алексей Максимович Пешков / Максим Горький, by: Henrik Manitski on January 25, 2012. Above Ignacy Zakrzewski / Игнатий Платонович Закревский b. 1839, son of Platon Zakrevsky and Анна Ивановна Закревская, 1804 - 1882, Son of Aleksei Zakrevsky and Варвара Ивановна Закревская. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg was double agent of OGPU and British Intelligence Service. She first married Count Johann von Benckendorff, a high-ranking Russian diplomat, in 1911. To Autumn 1917 Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff worked in the Russian Embassy in Berlin where she became acquainted with British diplomat R. H. Bruce Lockhart. They owned the mansion Jendel in Jäneda, in Estonia where he was shot dead in 1918; 1918, she was arrested in a suspicion of spying for England and transferred to the Lubyanka prison. Bruce Lockhart, tried to vouch for her; they were lovers; Lockhart was expelled from Russia soon after, Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff was released as well under the condition that she would cooperate with the intelligence service; then she met Maxim Gorky as secretary and wife of Gorky, with a few interruptions from 1920 to 1933; 1920 she met H. G. Wells and became his mistress, renewed in 1933 in London, where she emigrated. Later, she was married to Baron Nikolai von Budberg-Bönningshausen, as a double agent for the Soviet Union and British intelligence. Her older half-sister, Alexandra Alla Ignatievna Zakrevskaya b. 1884, married Baron Arthur von Engelhardt before 1909, was the great-grandmother of Nick Clegg, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 2010. Above Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart, b. 1887, journalist, secret agent, British diplomat in Moscow, Prague; Bruce Lockhart joined the British Foreign Service and was posted to Moscow as Vice-Consul. At the time of his arrival in Russia, (copyright by Wikipedia) "...he was invited to turn out for Morozov a textile factory team that played their games 30 miles east of Moscow – the manager of the cotton mill was from Lancashire, England. Bruce Lockhart was Acting British Consul-General in Moscow when the first Russian Revolution broke out in early 1917, but left shortly before the Bolshevik Revolution of October that year. He soon returned to Russia at the behest of Prime Minister Lloyd George and Lord Milner as the United Kingdom's first envoy to the Bolsheviks in January 1918 in an attempt to counteract German influence. Lockhart, on his return, was also working for the Secret Intelligence Service ... Moura Budberg, the widow of a high-ranking Czarist diplomat Count Johann von Benckendorff, became his mistress. ... Later, Bruce Lockhart spoke out for Arthur Ransome, ... recommended official assistance to bring Trotsky's secretary, Evgenia Petrovna Shelepina, to England; she later married Ransome ... In 1918, Bruce Lockhart and fellow British agent, Sidney Reilly, were dramatically alleged to have plotted to assassinate Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. He was accused of plotting against the Bolshevik regime ... he escaped trial in an exchange of 'secret agents' for the Russian diplomat Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov".

Above Lieutenant Sidney George Reilly, b. 1873, known as the Ace of Spies, was a Jewish Russian-born adventurer and secret agent employed by Scotland Yard, the British Secret Service Bureau and later the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS).

Above named Benckendorff, Johann Hans Ulrich von Nathanael 1882 - 1919, born in Jäneda of Alexander Benckendorff (Alexander Christoph Karl Otto Benckendorff b. 1888 in Jendel / Jäneda; son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin von Benckendorff, from Jendel [1846 Warrang (Varangu), d. 1910 Jendel] and Margarethe Ottilie Karoline Emilie von Bremen); studied at the Empress Catherine Imperial Lyceum in St. Petersburg; nicknamed Ivan / Jan / John, was one of the best students of his course, 1908 he was assigned to work in the Russian foreign ministry, and a little later was appointed state councilor. 1909 directed the work of the Russian embassy in Berlin, which was before World War I, Russia's most glorious representation abroad. 1910 he was promoted to secretary of the embassy. In the same year died Alexander Benckendorff and Johann became the new owner of the mansion in Jäneda. 1911 Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska married Johann in Berlin. From this marriage was born a son Paul and daughter Tatiana. When World War I broke out, they left the Russian embassy in Berlin. Johann joined the army as a volunteer, and he was appointed staff officer of the Russian Northern Army Headquarters (Brujewicz / Bruevich here!). In 1917, when the collapse of the state, Benckendorff was went to retire. He decided to bring his family to the province; 1918 April, the wife Maria, was in Petrograd, and the grace of Maria's adventures got divorced; 19 April 1919 Benckendorff, Johann Hans Ulrich von Nathanael was murdered in Jäneda but unknown circumstances (July Tomson Memories). The Jäneda lady of the manor, the legendary Maria Zakrevskaja - Benckendorff - Budberg, come from the eminent lawyers, the Russian Prosecutor-General and Senator from 1894-99, Earl Ignati Platonovitsh Zakrevski family (Berjozovkaja - Rudka mansion in Ukraine). Maria was the fourth and last child in the family, he was born in 1891 or 1893 in Kharkiv; after the death of his father in 1905, the family moved to St. Petersburg. Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska / Mura received his education from the home teachers, mastered English, French, German, and Russian; in 1910, when she was called to her sister Anja to Berlin, where the husband and brother of Plato / Platon Zakrzewski were the Russian Embassy officials. Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska / Mura will soon be presented to the Secretary of the Embassy - Johann von Benckendorff, who immediately fell in love; 1911 the wedding was held, and soon the two children born in the family. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg / Mura life was both in Berlin and St. Petersburg, where they had a flat; close to British Embassy staff, with fun trips to the Jäneda manor; 1914 the outbreak of the war did not change Mura's life, though husband was in the army; The situation changed after 1917 bolshevik coup, as many of the familiar fled the country, were killed or found themselves in the front lines of the civil war. 1918 re-moved to the Johann von Benckendorff Jäneda family home. Mura remained in Petrograd care for his sick mother. In March of the same year, he met Bruce Lockhart from the British Embassy in Moscow; it was six months of meeting with a passionate love story which has been reflected in the literature as a movie. 1918 Lockhart was arrested, in August 1918 on charges of organizing an assassination of Lenin and was sent out of the country. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff was also at some time in jail. Her mother died, and the outbreak of war between Russia and Estonia, which cut off the opportunity for children to come. Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff was released as well under the condition that she would cooperate with the Bolshevik intelligence service, and in 1919 Gorki fell in love with her at first sight. They became close people for many years. 1921 managed to escape to Estonia to kids. Estonian authorities and the Baltic German nobility saw her as a Bolshevik agent. Mura lack of citizenship, should have been sent back to the red Russia; in order to get an Estonian passport, she signed a fictitious marriage to Budberg Nicholas, Baron, who got the money for citizenship. 1922 fresh couple left Estonia to Berlin, where they parted - Baron Budberg traveled to South America, but the Lady Budberg went to Gorki, who lived in Germany and Italy. 1926 marriage Budberg was separated. Baroness Budberg with Maksim Gorki lived in Germany and Italy; as a writer Gorky did not speak any foreign languages; 1929 again Mura met science fiction writer Herbert George Wells. They had begun dating in 1920, when the Wells visited Russia - Wells was already in love with her; in London they lived in the same house, even. In London she began to organize the lives of children in their new homeland, 1933 a son, Paul, and daughter Tania was supposed to arrive in 1934. 1946 Welss died at the age of 76. Mura life began a new era at Cromwell Road. Above Johann von Benckendorff or Hans Ulrich Nathanael von Benckendorff, b. 1882 in Jendel (Jäneda - south-west of Rakvere, and south-east of Tallinn), Lääne-Virumaa, in Estland; d. on April 19, 1919, not in 1918 - in Jendel / Jäneda. He was son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin Benckendorff, from Jendel and Margarethe Ottilie Karoline Emilie von Bremen; his wife above Мария Игнатьевна. Her son Paul von Benckendorff and Tatiana / Tania. He was brother of Hermann Julius Konstantin von Benckendorff; Alexander Christoph Karl Otto Benckendorff; Gerhard Paul Konstantin, Anna Margarethe, Paul Boris - by Henrik Manitski in 2012. His father: Alexander Gustav Konstantin von Benckendorff, from Jendel, b. 1846 in Warrang (Varangu - north of Rakvereca 18 km), Väike-Maarja vald. Died 1910 in above Jendel (Jäneda - ca 65 km east of Saku). Grandfather Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff and Marie von Löwenstern. Above Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald. Great-grandfather

Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff and Elisabeth von Rehbinder. Above Dorothea Helene Margarethe Elisabeth Rehbinder was daughter of Gustav Wilhelm von Rehbinder and Sophie Christina von Rehbinder and granddaughter of Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder.

Above Алексей Максимович Пешков / Максим Горький b. 1868 d. 1936, son of Максим Савватьевич Пешков and Варвара Васильевна Пешкова. Father of Максим Алексеевич Пешков and Екатерина Алексеевна Пешкова, by: Peter Trefilov on January 25, 2012. "The sudden death of Gorky's son Maxim Peshkov in May 1934 was followed by the death of Maxim Gorky himself in June 1936. Speculation has long surrounded the circumstances of his death. Stalin and Molotov were among those who carried Gorky's coffin during the funeral. During the Bukharin trial in 1938 (one of the three Moscow Trials), one of the charges was that Gorky was killed by Yagoda's NKVD agents", by Wikipedia.

Few details on Feliks Dzierzynski: In the autumn of 1887 Aldona Dzierzynska drove with brother Feliks Dzierzynski to Vilna, where he successfully passed his exams and was accepted into the first class of the first Vilna school, where he studied until 1896. Feliks Dzierzynski lived with his grandmother Казимира Янушевская / Kazimiera Januszewska on the street Poplavsky 26. To her sister, Aldona Bulhak, he wrote soon after appointed People's Commissar of Internal Affairs: "I can not explain you only by letter. One truth, I can tell you, I'm still the same, as I was, although for many do not have the name much terrible then my one". This terrible name ... seems that the word 'soldier' (judging from the letters) becomes his favorite word. There is nothing surprising in the fact that Dzerzhinsky - man without education and profession - was the creator of the powerful intelligence services. Sixteen teenager, he went to the revolution. A prison, penal servitude and exile became his habitat. In cases of Polish and Lithuanian Social Democrats, Dzerzhinsky traveled almost the whole of Europe, learning the art of secrecy, the working methods of the secret police of different countries. Cheka became unique in the history of punitive body, align arrest, investigation, trial, punishment and a special right - shoot in good conscience. Dzerzhinsky descended from an ancient noble family, he was the absolute as an aristocrat, in the family called his - little Raphael. But from his ancestors, he did not inherit a single drop of aristocratic refinement. With Lenin, in 1906 he met in Stockholm. Author: Александр ГРИГОРЕНКО / Alexander Grigorenko. And now very interesting inf. about Italy, Capri, Genoa, Swiss Alps and visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, cantons of Valais and Bern in Switzerland. Gorki / Gorky was constrained not to return to Russia and went straight to Italy, on the blessed island of Capri. There Dzerzhinsky, Chaliapin, Lunacharsky and Bunin, Plekhanov and Stanislavsky came to visit him. In Berlin in 1906, Lenin and Gorki were not only on political conversations and when Lenin arrived at Capri, they went to the Naples Museum and Pompey. Thus, on Capri originated literary and political center, which included people who belong to extremist parties: Lopatin, Plekhanov, Lunacharsky, Bogdanov, Vladimir Lenin, Dzerzhinsky - and this is not a complete list of names. On 1909, 15 January Dzerzhinsky on verdicts of the Warsaw Court of Justice was denied the rights of state and condemned to exile in the Yenisei province. November, escape from exile; 1910 January - The Party send Dzerzhinsky in Italy; January - February, Dzerzhinsky acquainted with Maxim Gorky in Italy on Isle of Capri; March 1910 Dzerzhinsky directs illegal party work in Krakow. 1911, May - June, Dzerzhinsky with Lenin and Inessa Armand in Paris. From a Feliks Dzierzynski letter to А. Э. Булгак / Aldona Bulhak, Berlin on March 1, 1910: "...I have traveled around the world. That's really a month I went to Capri; I was in the Italian (in Genua like Frautchi?) and French Riviera, Monte Carlo ... then admired the Swiss Alps - the mighty Jungfrau and other snow-capped giants ... So wonderful world! ... and I have to come back again with tops in the valley, in the hole. A couple of days will be in Krakow, where settled on a permanent basis...". We remember now about trip of Lenin and Krupska: east of Montreux, it was the same way like Lenin and Krupska [from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz, Breguet, Rey, Duflon, Kropotkin, Bakst), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29/34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux or from Chateau d'Oex, Montbovon, Les Avants to Montreux some on a railway)]; Jungfrau is one of the main summits in the Bernese Alps, situated between the cantons of Valais and Bern in Switzerland. Together with the Eiger and Mönch, the Jungfrau forms a massive wall.

Details on above Frautchi in Russia now:
Eduard Sterling / Esterling / Edward Easterling / Эдуард Эстерлинг and Elena Shtaal / Елена Штааль has 4 daughters: Odilla / Одиллия, Alwina / Альвина, Berta / Берта and Sharlotte / Шарлотта; Berta Esterling / Берта Эстерлинг married August / Avgust Didrikil / Август Иванович Дидрикиль, and they has daughter Augusta nee Didrikil / Августа, son Edward Didrikil / Эдуард, next Maria / Мария, Pawel / Павел, Eleonora / Элеонора, Nina / Нина and Olga / Ольга; above Augusta nee Didrikil / Августа Августовна married Christian son of Petr Frautchi / Христиан Петрович Фраучи. Виктор Христианович / Viktor Frautchi son of above Christian Frautchi / Христиан Петрович Фраучи, b. 1902; next son Rudolf / Рудольф Христианович has 3 children: younger son Herman Frautchi / Герман died in camp in 1938. Daugter Ludmila / Людмила died. Viatseslav son of Rudolf / Вячеслав Рудольфович - lived in Moscow. Христиан Петрович Фраучи / Christian Frautchi has 6 children: Artur Frautchi / Артур Христианович - his branch living in Moscow; Eugenia nee Frautchi / Евгения Христиановна - now in Riazan; Nina / Нина Христиановна - in Vladimir; Rudolf Frautchi / Рудольф Христианович - has 2 children: Mila / Мила - died, and Wiaczeslaw Rudolfowicz Frautchi / Вячеслав Рудольфович, Wiera / Вера Христиановна - in Moscow, has daughter (85 aged in 2009, Ela / Эла Иогановна), Wiktor / Виктор Христианович - son Ilia / Илья - in Homel / Гомел (in Homel his children and grandchildren), but Denis / Денис (with daughter Ioana / Иоанна) and Ivan / Иван Викторович in North Osetia and next in Kazan - has daughter.

Jadwiga Edmundowna Dzierzynska, 1871 - 1949, summer 1916 near by Feliks Dzierzynski, in hospital of the Moscow governement prison, in 20s of 20th cent. working with brother of Feliks Dzierzynski; 1949 died in Moscow. Jadwiga Genrichowna Dzierzynska, Jadwiga daughter of Henryk Dzierzynski, relatives of Feliks Dzierzynski, b. 1900, died ?; she was working in Moscow in Soviet institutions. Wife of Feliks E. Dzierzynski, Zofia daughter of Zygmunt Lichyj?, nee Lichowa. 14 years no change surname to Dzierzynska. Dzierzynski Fiodor Janowicz, b. 1947. Grandson of Feliks Dzierzynski, he was younger son of Jan Dzierzynski, son of Feliks Dzierzynski. Engineer. Ryzow Vadim Vasilievich, 1917 - 1962, witness for L. F. Lichowa and Feliks Dzierzynski. He was working in Moscow. Dzierzynski Kazimierz Edmundowicz 1875 - 1943, born in Iody, the Wilno county, studied in Germania, working in Lublin, 1935 in Dzierzynowo. Dzierzynska Lucija / Lucea Wilhelmowna, 1887 - 1943, wife of K. E. Dzierzynski, brother of Feliks Dzierzynski. German wife. 1941 working for German in Iwieniec. Catholic. Nagotko Kazimierz son of Jozef Nagotko, next of kin with Faliks Dzierzynski, living in Tiesnowo, the Iwieniec area, his wife Anna; died in 1944 from hands of Polish; a cementery of Kamien. Kazimierz and Teresa Nagotko were living after 1944.

Dzierżyński family settlements in assets of Oziembłowo (later named Dzierżynow) and were neighbours of the Rutkowski family from Podgórze - owners of the property. These families maintained close contacts, as Karol Adam / Charles Adam Rutkowski and Edmund Dzerzhinsky, the owner Oziembłowo. Witold Rutkowski son of Charles Adam and Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky son of Edmund Dzierzynski came together to Warsaw during the study. Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky joined the Academy of Veterinary in Dorpat (Tartu, now Estonia). He came therefore to Dzierżynow, and to Warsaw on the Technical School of Wawelberg and Rotwand. He lived in lodgings with Witold Rutkowski, but he was arrested and then he went to Germany, in Frankfurt am Main, then moved to Karlsruhe. Rented apartment with a family of Italian origin - Schiotti. He fell in love with the daughter of the owners Lucy Schiotti and married.

Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Jelnica and Szabany, south-east of Minsk or Nowy Dwor close to Sluck!? His mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749; grandfather: Florian Stanislaw Bulhak (b. ca 1700? or 1730, 1681 and 1741; he was son of Mikołaj Bułhak and Katarzyna ... or Marianna; husband of Krystyna; father of Florian Bułhak, Józef Bułhak, Jan Bułhak, Wincenty Bułhak, Ignacy Józefat Bułhak / Ignacy Jozafat Bułhak, Jerzy Onufry Bułhak and Władysław Bułhak) and grandmother Krystyna Ciekawianka (above Josafat Ignatius Bulhak b. April 20, 1758, d. February 25, 1838, Greek Orthodox priest, Uniate bishop of Pinsk (1787-1795), bishop of Brest (1798-1828), Bishop of Lithuania (1828-1833) and Archbishop of Polotsk (1833-1838), in 1817-1838 the Metropolitan of Kiev. Above Jozef Bulhak, the Uniate bishop of Pinsk and Turow, abbot of the monastery of the Basilian in Suprasl). Great-grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 (husband of Katarzyna ... and next - ? - Marianna Bułhak; father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak), m. to Marianna Imielinski - Prawdzic; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. His parents: Benedykt Bulhak (b. ca 1640?) and Eufemia Protasewicz. Benedykt was from Konstanty Bulhak and Anna Zablocki, acc. to aordycz.republika.pl. Above Eufemia Bułhak (Protasewicz - Jastrzębiec) b. ca 1650 was mother of Mikołaj Bułhak, Jerzy Piotr Bułhak and Szymon Bułhak - by: Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska in 2007. Benedykt Bułhak circa 1630 / 1650 - 1698, son of Konstanty Kazimierz Bułhak and Anna, husband of Eufemia, father of Mikołaj Bułhak; Jerzy Piotr Bułhak b. ca 1665 / 1675 and Szymon Bułhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrówka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodwórek, Osipowszczyzna, Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze close to Kleck, Połoneczka by Dzwieja. Above Mikołaj Bułhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bułhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak ca 1695 - 1745? (his sons: 1. Florian Bułhak circa 1730 / 1750? - 1806, his mother Krystyna, husband of Helena Bułhak, father of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak [ b. 1795 and d. in Worończa, 1866, husband of Julia, father of Karolina Karpowicz; Antoni Bułhak; Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak; NN Bułhak (his wife Aldona nee Dzierżyńska, by Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska); Barbara Bułhak and Helena Kiersnowska (wife of Aleksander Kiersnowski, mother of Adam Kiersnowski and Karol Kiersnowski) and one other] and Maciej Bułhak; 2. Józef Bułhak 1723 - 1783; 3. Jan Bułhak 1719 - 1779; 4. Wincenty Bułhak 1720 - 1780? owner of Michałowo close to Stołowicze and Kroszyn in the Nowogrodek county, served for Maciej Radziwiłł from Połoneczka - his son Gabriel??; 5. Ignacy Józefat Bułhak; 6. Jerzy Onufry Bułhak and 7. Władysław Bułhak).

Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966. Her husband Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856 - his father Rudolf Jerzy Bulhak 1824-1894; grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789. Great-grandfather Jerzy Onufry Bulhak. Children of Jerzy Onufry Bulhak: Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak, Beata Bułhak, Krystyna Bułhak, Ostroberta Bułhak and Julian Bułhak.
Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913);

somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places. The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela. Probably not Lisowski but the Lipovskii / Lipowski family.

The case on Ignacy (?) Bulhak on transferring it out to them: Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861.

There are the Case of the redemption of the land at Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; or Macevichi or Macawiczy close to Sinialo, and Koroliszczewiczi - south-east; inf. of 2010 from http://forum.vgd.ru/post/45/). Marina Gorka / Mar'іna Hill, a center of Pukhavichy region. 1866-1913 Bulhak was guardian of Sventorzhetskaya.

Aldona Dzierżyński, oldest sister of Feliks Dzierzynski, 1892 married to Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak (died 1908), lived in the Bobruisk district and Wilno; second husband Artur Kojałłowicz, and moved to Lodz / Łodz, to her daughter Maria Staszewski. Her next of kin Władysław Siła-Nowicki. Jadwiga Zawadzki was her cousin. All acc. to: http://aordycz.com/. Aldona who was always support for Feliks Dzierzynski. Aldona, whose son was adjutant of Jozef Pilsudski!

Details on the Dzierzynski family: Róża Dzierżyńska b. 1835 m. Burzyński. Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński b. 1830, m. Róża Łucja Szembel, he died in 1904; his children: Józef Bernard Dzierżyński 1863 - 1910, Adam Dzierżyński 1871 - 1932 + Wanda Nekanda-Trepka, Ewa Wiktoryna Dzierżyńska 1872 - 1928, Antoni Dzierżyński 1874 - 1942, Jan Albin Dzierżyński 1877 - 1958, Felicjan Bonifacy Dzierżyński 1878 - 1927.
Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński b. 1822, m. Paulina Skibicka, d. 1859.
Acc. to http://www.aordycz.com/descendenci/dzierzynski.htm; address aord@aordycz.com; by Anna Ordyczynska: JAKUB DZIERŻYNSKI married BARBARA TALMONT and married SYRTOWT. Child of JAKUB is ANTONI JAKUBOWICZ DZIERŻYNSKI, b. 1755 d. 1816. Children of JAKUB and BARBARA TALMONT are: WAWRZYNIEC, ROCH and MARIANNA. ANTONI JAKUBOWICZ DZIERŻYNSKI married KONSTANCJA ADAMOWICZ, children: IGNACY JAN, JÓZEF JAN H. SULIMA DZIERŻYNSKI, b. 1788 d. 1854. JÓZEF JAN H. DZIERŻYNSKI married ANTONINA OZIEMBLOWSKA. Children: RYSZARD EDWARD WINCENTY b. 1817, ONUFRY ANTONI MODEST b. 1818 m. MAZURKIEWICZ, BERNARD LEONARD b. 1819 d. 1879; TOMASZ JUSTYN b. 1822; d. 1859 m. PAULINA SKIBICKA; ANTONI MIKOLAJ b. 1823 d. 1865; ANNA b. 1827, EDMUND b. 1829, in Dzierżynowo, d. 1872, m. HELENA JANUSZEWSKA, daughter of JANUSZEWSKI and KAZIMIERA JANUSZEWSKA; FELICJAN JAN 1830 - 1904; JÓZEFAT b. 1831 d. 1954; LEOKADIA b. 1833 and RÓŻA b. 1835 m. BURZYNSKI. RYSZARD EDWARD WINCENTY DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1817, married COLETTE OSTROWSKA. Child of RYSZARD and COLETTE OSTROWSKA is EUSTACHY. Children of EDMUND and HELENA JANUSZEWSKA are: WITOLD b. 1867; ALDONA b. 1869, Kojdanów (Dzierżynowo) d. 1966; JADWIGA b. 1871, Kojdanów, d. 1949 m. KUSZELEWSKI; and samples only: KAZIMIERZ b. 1875, Dzierżynowo, d. 1943 in Dzierżynowo, m. LUCY SCHIATTI (Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky joined the Academy of Veterinary in Dorpat / Tartu, now Estonia. He came therefore to Dzierżynow, and to Warsaw on the Technical School of Wawelberg and Rotwand. He lived in lodgings with Witold Rutkowski, but he was arrested and then he went to Germany, in Frankfurt am Main, then moved to Karlsruhe. Rented apartment with a family of Italian origin - Schiotti. He fell in love with the daughter of the owners Lucy Schiotti / LUCY SCHIATTI and married); FELIKS d. 1926, Moskwa; IGNACY b. 1879, Dzierżynowo d. 1953; WLADYSLAW b. 1881, Stołpce, d. 1942, Zgierz. FELICJAN JAN DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1830, and died 1904. He married RÓŻA LUCJA SZEMBEL. Children of FELICJAN and RÓŻA SZEMBEL are: ANTONINA, MICHAL b. 1862; d. 1867; ADAM b. 1871 d. 1932 m. WANDA NEKANDA TREPKA; EWA WIKTORYNA 1872 d. 1928; ANTONI b. 1874 d. 1942; JAN ALBIN b. 1877 d. 1958; FELICJAN BONIFACY b. 1878 d. 1927 and JÓZEF BERNARD 1963 d. 1910. ALDONA DZIERŻYNSKA was born 1869 in Kojdanów and died 1966. She married GEDYMIN JERZY BULHAK, son of RUDOLF and ANIELA OSTROMECKA. He was born 1856, and died 1908. She married second time to ARTUR KOJALLOWICZ. Children of ALDONA and GEDYMIN are: EDMUND 1894 - 1896, RUDOLF b. 1895 d. in Minsk, HELENA b. 1896, ANTONI JERZY b. 1898 m. JUCHNIEWICZ; MARIA b. 1900 m. MIECZYSLAW HARYSZEWSKI and second time m. JERZY STASZEWSKI; HELENA b. 1901 d. 1904. Child of ALDONA and ARTUR: RUDOLF KOJALLOWICZ. FELIKS was born 1877, married ZOFIA ZYGMUNTÓWNA MUSZKAT. She was born 1882 in Warsaw, died 1968 in Moscow. Child of FELIKS and ZOFIA MUSZKAT: JAN b. 1911. IGNACY DZIERŻYNSKI born 1879 in Dzierżynowo, and died 1953. He married STANISLAWA SILA-NOWICKA, children of IGNACY and STANISLAWA: OLGIERD and WANDA JÓZEFA. JAN ALBIN DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1877, and died 1958. Children of JAN ALBIN: JANINA and JERZY WITOLD DZIERŻYNSKI. JAN DZIERŻYNSKI born 1911, has children: TEODOR, and junior FELIKS. Acc. to http://www.aordycz.com/descendenci/dzierzynski.htm; address aord@aordycz.com; by Anna Ordyczynska. Her roots: Piotr Ordyczyński + Anna Danuta Stankiewicz from Leżajsk.

Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierżyński, died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bułhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozłowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Słuck. And his grandfather Mikołaj Bułhak b. 1670, m. to Marianna Imieliński; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwiłł.

Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966, acc. to http://www.geni.com/people/. Her son Antoni Bułhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873. She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.
The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895.
Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.

Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895, his brother Antoni Bułhak born 1898; about Antoni Bułhak by Małgorzata Wojciechowska in 2010 at http://www.geni.com/people/: Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski and husband of Wanda Kadenacy, niece Marshal (mistake?). After the invasion of the Germans in Poland in September 1939, taken from Warsaw to its assets in the Suwalki region: Pilsudski wife - Alexandra / Aleksandra Szczerbinska and her daughters, her sister and their cousin Anna. Jozef Klemens Pilsudski + Aleksandra Szczerbinska has daughter Jadwiga Jagoda Pilsudska with her husband Andrzej Jaraczewski has daughter Joanna Jaraczewska, married to Janusz Onyszkiewicz / Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz born 1937. Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Józef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (1845 - 1918), her daughter Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake?), the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski.

We need check this genealogy!
Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.
Above named Zawołoczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village, like Chromce (near Bobruisk), Dubrowna (near Minsk), Dukora (Svislach), Łahojsk, Szaciłki (Berezina); the monks served parishes in Borosowszczyzna, Ratutycze, Ustercha. Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz died 1884; daughter Zofia Zula Pilsudski Kadenacy, b. 1865, d. 1935; her husband Boleslaw Kadenacy died 1918; his son Czeslaw Kadenacy, b. 1896, grandson Tadeusz. Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz has 12 children, among others Helena Piłsudski b. 1864 d. 1917, Zofia Kadenac b. 1865 + Bolesław Kadenac, Bronisław Piłsudski, Józef Piłsudski, Adam Piłsudski / Адам Гинятович Косьчеша Пилсудский b. 1869, Kazimierz Piłsudski, Maria Juchniewiczowa b. 1873 + Cezary Juchniewicz, Jan Piłsudski, Ludwika Majewska b. 1879 + Leon Majewski, Kacper Piłsudski b. 1881, Piotr Piłsudski, Teodora Piłsudska, Piotr.
Antoni Bulhak (Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, son of Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak, and Aldona nee Dzierżyńska, his brother Rudolf Kojałłowicz; his wife nee Juchniewicz), b. 1898:

1. Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Józef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (b. 1845, his father Jan / Ivan Kadenacy; Boleslaw married Zofia Pilsudski; he died 22 Jan 1918 in Vilno; Jan Kadenacy b. 1811; wife of above Boleslaw: Zofia Pilsudski 1865-1935), her daughter Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake?);

2. Antoni Bułhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873 (d. 1921, her mother Maria Piłsudska nee Billewicz). She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.

Among the Poles, who got a Japanese visa, in winter, at the turn of 1940 / 1941, and recorded arrive in Vancouver were only two families with Polish passports: Anthony George Bułhak with his wife Wanda in 1940 and James Kaliski with his wife and children in 1941. Probably Bulhak when traveling by train in Soviet Union used the false passports. It is known that the Polish Embassy in Tokyo asked for a re-issue of passports; he came from a noble family.

Jan / John Bułhak, his uncle, the father of Polish landscapes photography. Jan Brunon Bułhak (1876–1950) or Jan Bułhak was born 1876 in Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn (Асташын, close to Liubaniczi, south of Dolginowo and Serwacz, ca 28 km south-east of Nowogrodek, 11 km north-east of Woroncha / Woroncza). Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn Murowany from 1922 to Otton Żywicki. Here was living Jan Bulhak / Ян Булгак, son of Валериан Булгак, Walerian Bulhak; he sold the estate to Грабовски / Grabowski (18th cent. to the beginning of the 20th. cent.) after 1900. Jan Brunon Bułhak's parents were Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak - Syrokomla b. 1842 in Ostaszyn (he was brother of Karolina Karpowicz, Antoni Bułhak, NN Bułhak, Barbara Bułhak and Helena Kiersnowska; son of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak b. 1795 in Woroncza, and grandson of Florian Bulhak b. ca 1740, great-grandson of Florian Stanisław Bułhak from Mikolaj Bulhak and Katarzyna or Marianna) and Józefa née Haciska - Roch (b. 1848 in Miratycze, daughter of Władysław Dachnowicz Haciski - son of Tadeusz Dachnowicz Haciski - and Anna Haciska), landowners in Ostaszyn. In the village of Worończa (Woroncha, Варонча) there are four graves of Jan Bułhak's ancestors - 27 km south-east of Navahrudak / Nowogrodek. Jan Bulhak from 1897 to 1899, studied literature, history and philosophy at Jagiellonian University, Kraków. Back home, he lived in the village of Peresieka (Пярэсека) near Minsk, where he inherited a manor after his great-uncle's death (brother of one's grandparent or uncle of one's parent). Пярэсека, Минская область / Pereseka, close to Czurylawiczi, Kaikawa, ca 16 km south of Minsk core; and 7 km south-west of Karaliszczawiczi / Koroliszczewiczi / Koroliszczewicze - here Konstantynowicz family, and ca 8 km south-west of Nowy Dwor - Bulhak?; north-west of Dukora - Moniuszko. In 1901, he married a cousin, Hanna Haciska. After his father's death (after 1905), he sold the manor and bought a mansion from Radziwill in Belitsa, near Minsk. Belitsa, near Minsk - 3 km south-east of Samachwalawiczi, 7 km west of Kaikawa, ca 12 km south-west of Koroliszczewiczi and ca 3 / 4 km west of Peresieka. Jozef Proszynski was living in Koroleszczewicze, died 1790, married Elzbieta Brygida nee Janiszewska / ? Januszewska.

The family of Aleksander Brujewicz or Bonc - Bruievicius of the Boncza arms lived in Zbyszyn or Sbychin near to Tschetschewitschi since 1876 / 1880, 39 km SE away from Miezonka; he lived next door Gresmer or Greszner family ca 1896, and Mr Witold Bulhak home.

The Bulhak noble house of the Syrokomla arms, verified in Minsk A.D. 1802, possessed also in the government of Minsk: Matewitschi = Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy, and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze.

West of the Berezyna river, and close to Bobruisk / Bobrujsk stronghold - the Bulhak, Konstantynowicz, Szostak, Dzierzynski, Tatur, Czajkowski families:
The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинович Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county. Gorochovka / Gorochovo, south-west of Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, ca 20 km, close to Fortuny: north-west of Gorochovka, and south of Glusha, close to Gorochovka, Rimovcy, Spornoje; east-south-east of Simonovichi (see: Bulhak family). Snustik / Снустик - east of Pukhavichy and Maryina Gorka, and west of Gradzyanka, and south-east of Turin / Turyn (Bulhak family) in the Igumen / Ihumen county / Игумен.

The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913); somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.

The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela. Probably not Lisowski but the Lipovskii / Lipowski family. The case on Ignacy (?) Bulhak on transferring it out to them: Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861. There are the Case of the redemption of the earth at Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; or Macevichi or Macawiczy close to Sinialo, and Koroliszczewiczi - south-east; inf. of 2010 from http://forum.vgd.ru/post/45/). Marina Gorka / Mar'іna Hill, a center of Pukhavichy region. 1866-1913 Bulhak was guardian of Sventorzhetskaya. Кухтичи close to Uzda - west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Inf. of the village said that Bulhak won it by cards, although rely on a information can not be. According to villagers, they remember it about Bulhak. In the 1897 census, the village had already been in 16 houses. 1867-1913 I. Bulhak (?) or Bulgak purchased (1861) from Lipovskii, villages Kamionka or Matseevich. Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.

Блужа-Городно д. Блужа Пуховичского р-на north-west of Talka, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи, the Puchovichi region / Пуховичского р-на, prisoner 1930. Булгак Василий Петрович b. 1916 in Wilno / Вильно. Shoot 1938. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south- east of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933. Булгак Виктория Адамовна b. 1900. Булгак Владимир Владимирович b. 1900 in Станково / Stankow, Дзержинский р-н. Булгак Галина Дмитриевна d. 1931. Булгак Гектор Каземирович b. 1910 Могилевская обл.; Борки - Borki close to Sbyschi / Zbyszyn of Brujewicz and close to Tschigirinka of Bulgak / Bulhak family, close to Kolbowa. Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937. Булгак Иван Цезарович b. 1907 in Borki / Борки, Бобруйского р-на; close to Zbyszyn of the Brujewiczs; d. 1939. Булгак Мария Ипполитовна b. 1899 or 1897, Horodaj or Gorodai. Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937. Булгак Станислав Антонович b. 1901 in Несвиж / Nieswiez. Булгак Степан Степанович b. 1893 in Луки / Luki close to Stolbce; d. after 1933. Булгак Феликс Адольфович b. 1895 in the Siedlce government / Седлецкая губ., Lukow / Луков; d. after Nov. 1937. Булгак Эдуард Владимирович b. 1907 in Stankow / Станково, the Дзержинский region.

Матевичи / Мацевичи / Matewitschi / Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy (inf. about location above), and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze. Budzilowka / Будзиловка in the Беломльская волость / Bielomlskaja volost; Zabrodok / Забродок and Beresniewka / Бересневка to the Bulhak family / Булгак. Беломльская волость was in the Berezina parish / Березинский church. Biegoml / Bjagolm is north of Borisow. But Бересневка is also in the Боровицкий сельсовет, the Kirov district / Кировский район - south of Kliczew; Krasny Brzeg south of Dobosnia / Dobysna.

Before death of his mother, Felix Dzierzynski lived with his aunt, the Baroness Sophie von Pilchau Piller, who lived with grandmother Januszewska. Felix recalled on her property where met once on the occasion of Christmas four generations of Dzierżyńskich and Januszewski. In 1897 there was already dead of his sister Wanda; From four brothers, Stanislaw Dzierzynski, a student of the St. Petersburg University, lived with two younger brothers Ignatius and Wladyslaw, students in high school in St. Petersburg, Kazimierz at a mechanical factory in Warsaw (m. to Lucy Schiotti / LUCY SCHIATTI). Two sisters:

Aldona Dzierzynski married to Bułhak / Bulhak and lives in some assets near Bobruisk / Bobrujsk, the husband's property;
Kuszelewski, Hedwig's husband was landowner in Poniewieski district / Poniewiez. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudski. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.

Vilnius journalist ALWIDA Bajor, pointed out that was connections Mackiewicz, Katrutia Matułajtis, and Baltic Germans family of Roman von Pilchau with Felix Dzerzhinsky. Матула́йтис / Матулайтис / Матулевич / Matulaitis / Matulewicz were from Лугине / Luginie close to Mariampol / Мариямполе. Wilhelmina Matulaitis nee Mackiewicz was sister of Antoni Mackiewicz d. 1914; he was father of Jozef Mackiewicz / Józef Mackiewicz b. 1902, a Polish writer, novelist and political commentator; opposed communism, anticommunist by nationality. Mackiewicz died in exile. His older brother Stanisław Mackiewicz was also a writer. Józef Mackiewicz was the son of Antoni Mackiewicz and Maria née Pietraszkiewicz (her father Franciszek Ksawery Pietraszkiewicz b. 1814, Cracow?. His father Adam Pietraszkiewicz, born ?) originally from Kraków / Cracow, a Polish noble family; Jozef was born in Saint Petersburg. Stanisław Mackiewicz, a political publicist and Prime Minister of the postwar Polish government in exile from 1954 to 1955; and Seweryna Mackiewicz, mother of Polish writer Kazimierz Orłoś. In 1907 his family moved to Wilno. Above Antoni Mackiewicz b. ?; his father Bolesław Mackiewicz.

Now we back to Roman Romuald baron von Pilar Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович: after the victory of the February Revolution of March 1917, he was Secretary of the Board of Danilov Peasants' Deputies. In August, to October 1917 cadet in Moscow. From October 1917 on underground work in the German army occupied Lithuania. Was arrested, until April 1918, was imprisoned! In April 1918 he was one of the leaders in Vilna. In January 1919, a member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian Republic. In February, to April 1919, was treated in hospital. In May 1919, after the capture of Wilno by the Polish troops, was arrested and sentenced to death, but miraculously survived! In December 1919 on the exchange of prisoners, he arrived in the Russia. In April 1920, Cheka of Western Front; In October 1920 - March 1921 was on illegal work in Upper Silesia (Germany); March 1921, Cheka / GPU. December 1921 Assistant Chief, and July 1922 - December 1925 the first deputy of the chief of the counterintelligence of GPU / OGPU. Genoa Conference (1922); 1924-1925 along with Artuzov involved in developing and implementing major counterintelligence operations Trust and Syndicate-2. In November 1929 North Caucasus region; November 1932 Central Asia, December 1934, the NKVD chief in Saratov region. 16/05/37 dismissed, on the night of 16 May 17, 1937 arrested. Accused of being a Polish secret service intelligence spy, 02/09/37 shot.

On the Dzierzynski and Ozieblowski families:
in Ozemblovschizna on 1830 September 22, baptized Jozef Tertia Dzierzynski / Joseph Terciusz Dzierzhynski, parents: Jozef Dzerzhinsky and Antonina nee Oziemblowski / Ozemblovski, Dzerzhinsky. God-father Jan Terletskii / Jan Terlecki, cornet of the Polish troops, and god-mother Josefa Voyninoy. Jozef Dzerzhinsky 1788-1854 and Antonina Dzerzhinska - grandparents of Felix, but their daughter Jozefa (Leokadia Kornelia b. 1833 in Ozemblovschizna) apparently lived shortly. Recipients Wojciech Wojna, Anna Gorbatovskaya, Sigismund Shalevich, Vasilevska, Xavier Kazakevitch, Wilhelmina Gorbatovskaya, Jan Terletski / Terlecki, Valeria Gorbatovskaya, Joseph Gorbatovsky / Horbatowski, Frantiska Kukilevna. In Bobruisk church: 1889 Henry and Mary nee Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski, 1889 Henry and Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski, 1889 in the Bobruisk Roman Catholic parish church - Ryszard Edward Vincent Dzerzhinsky and Colette / Nicoleta / Koleta Lozovskaya Dzerzhinska, but we know about Dzierżyński Ryszard Edward Wincenty b. 1817, married to Ostrowska Colette.

Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788;

her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879,
Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859,
Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882.

Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

Wanda Schonthaller-Dzierżyńska 1920-2011 - daughter of Major Dzierzyński.

And about Jozef Oziemblowski / Ozieblowski + Aniela Zdrojewska: children - Boleslaw Ozieblowski, Michal, Maria Moszynski, Stefania. Dieriewno / Derevno located close to Ozemlovo / Ozemblovschizna. A church in Dieriewno / Derevno / Деревно: there was baptized Felix Dzierzynski and buried his father Edmund Rufin Dzierzynski, his sister Wanda, his brother Stanislaus d. in 1917.
Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierżynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska.
Others: Dzierżyński Witold, 1887-19.XI.1892. Krzywiec nee Żyromski, Aleksandra, 1828. Pilar von Pilchau nee Bielawski, Marja / Maria Bielawska.

Ebba Emilie Pilar von Pilchau b. 1866, her parents: Olga Marie Emilie von Staal and Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilchau von Pilar. Above Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 in Padis / Padise, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland / Estonia and died in 1862, and grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 from Jöggis / Jőgisuu, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland).

The family history of the Konstantynowiczs in Tsarist Russia, in Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Riga / Ryga, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Vana-Karjaküla or Alt-Hohenhof, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. With others families: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze, Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan.

Above Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Hohenhof, is an aristocratic mansion in northern Estonia in the Harju county. This manor changed their owners very often: Glenn (von Glehn), von Gernet (von Gernet), Pilchau / Pilar von Pilchau, Koskyuly (von Kosküll), von Krause (von Kraus / Krauze), von Hueck, von Kluge / von Klugen.

Some inf. on the Pilchau family:
Karl Gustav Pilar von Pilchau 1751 - 1802 born in Wait (Vaida), Rae vald, Harjumaa, Estland and died 1802 in Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, Estland. His wife Johanna Christine Charlotte Pilar von Pilchau nee von Patkul 1751 - 1828; above Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, ca 75 km south-east of Saku.

Gustav-Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, in 1878 in Haapsalu;

Rudolf von Gernet (1826 - 1912), in Haapsalu was chief of the Yacht Club. Hedwig Elisabeth von Gernet (nee von Patkul; her mother Juliane Charlotte von Wrangell, and her father Jakob Johann von Patkul) b. 1792 - 1867 with her son Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912.


Catherine Elisabeth von Gernet (1829 - 1896).
Above Vaida: 1708 Hans Heinrich Tiesenhausen, 1718 Georg Pilar von Pilchau, 1760 Jakob Heinrich Lilienfeld, 1789 der Howen, von der Pahlen, Ungern-Sternberg, 1894 Woldemar Rosen, 1901 Paul Ungern-Sternberg. Above Vana-Karjaküla: 1726 Nikolai Golovin, 1732 Abram Hannibal, 1743 Johann Mrakisch, 1747 Catharina Elisabeth Glehn, Maydell, 1756 Karl Gottlieb Gernet, 1771 Marie Juliane Pilar von Pilchau, 1776 Friedrich Wilhelm Uexküll-Güldenband, Zange, Koskull, 1817 Rosenmüller, 1818 Johann Martin Krause / Krauze, Klugen, Hueck.

Vardi: 1689 Hans Heinrich Rehbinder, 1716 Karl Friedrich Mengden, Bellingshausen, Otto Heinrich Rehbinder, 1731 Schwengelm, Schönberg, Klugen, Kotzebue, 1844 Gottlieb Rosen, 1855 Georg Pilar von Pilchau.

Georg Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1819 - 1882, born in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County, Estonia. Georg Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Егор Максимович Пиллар, b. 19 March 1767 d. 1830, landlord of Kirna and Reopalu and he was married to Johann Agneta Hessega (1779-1847) and were born: Alexander von Pilar Pilchau (1804-1866), a Russian soldier, Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1808-1817), Helene von Pilar Pilchau (1811-1855), Nicholas Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1815-1887), the landlord of Kirna, Georg Jakob von Pilar Pilchau (1819-1882), the landlord of Vardi. Above Reopalu located north of Viljandi. Kirna close to Reopalu.

Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1757 in Халлик, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780.


The Gernet family in Estonia:
Karl Jakob Rudolf Gernet / Carl Jacob Rudolph von Gernet / Rudolf von Gernet was born on October 22, 1826 in Neuenhof and d. on April 20, 1912 in Hapsal (Haapsalu), Estonia;
his father Karl Johann von Gernet; brothers of above Carl Jacob Rudolph von Gernet:
Richard von Gernet
and Magnus Friedrich von Gernet.

Samples on the Gernet family places:
1886 in Hapsal = Haapsalu, Estonia;
1860, 1867, 1868 in Newenhof, Nissi, Harju;
and 1824 in Neuenhof, Voru / Vorun, Estonia;
1857, 1858 in Reval;
and 1859 in Sellenkull.
Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu, 27 km. And south-west of Lehola. Seljaküla is a village in Oru Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia; Lääne County / Ляэнемаа / Lääne maakond / Läänemaa / Western land / Wiek (Pastorat Poenal - Nurme 38 street - is in Taebla Municipality, Lääne-Nigula Parish, east from Haapsalu).

A branch of Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. ca 1685 - d. ca 1745, has next of kin with the Gernet family.
And the Gernet family has relatives to von Wrangell:
Hedwig Elisabeth von Gernet (nee von Patkul; her mother Juliane Charlotte von Wrangell, and her father Jakob Johann von Patkul) b. 1792 - 1867 with her son Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912.

1. Son of Karl Johann Gernet:

Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia.

2. His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia married to Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie von Gernet (nee von Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt) 1833 - 1909, and her son was Rudolf Jakob von Gernet; his mother was friend of the Pilchau Pilar family. Above Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864, as Rudolf. He was born on 30 December 1864 in Sellenkull, Poenal, Laanemaa, (Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km and south-west of Lehola) Estonia. A doctor, who was latterly appointed by the Boer authorities to superintend the hospital, by James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine Rosslyn. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet, migrated to South Africa in the late nineteen nineties together with his wife Olga Antoinette Vera von Dehn.

His branch of the Gernets:

Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder b. 1796 died 1862, her father Peter Woldemar Rehbinder b. 1757 d. 1823; her husband Alexander August von Gernet b. 1786 in Lehhola / Lehola, and died on October 5, 1865 in Lehhola. Lehola is a settlement in Keila Parish. His father Carl Gustav von Gernet b. 1747 died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia. Brothers of above Aleksander Gernet: Georg Gustav von Gernet 1780 - 1846, Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet 1792 - 1867, Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 who died on November 8, 1857 in Lauenhof, Podrala, Valdamaa / Valgamaa County, Estland / Estonia. Son of above Karl Johann Gernet: Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia. His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son: Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944.

3. Rudolf von Gernet was the first boss - the Commodore Club - of the Estonian Marine Yacht Club, which was founded in 1888. Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet b. 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu (Carl Jacob Rudolph born in Neuenhof, son of Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul; he was brother of Julie Johanna von Kursell, Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen, Richard and Magnus Friedrich).

Sergey Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет / Sergei Gernet:

a midshipman in the 1st Baltic Naval Depot. Sergei Pavlovich Gernet born 1859 and d. 1918; his father: Paul Bernhard Friedrich Gernet b. 1819 d. 1860. His son: Eugene S. Gernet b. in Kronstadt on October 31, 1882 d. on August 8, 1943 in Spartacus village, Pavlodar area, Kazakhstan. The captain of the 2nd rank in 1917. During the Russian-Japanese War, in the defense of Port Arthur 1904, during the First World War he served in the Black Sea 1916. Then he served in the Soviet Navy. In 1918 he commanded the squadron in Novorossiisk. Arrested in 1938, he died in exile.

And some details of above named Sergei Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет born 1859 died 1918, a top member of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company from St Petersburg and Moscow and about his family:

His father Paul Berngard / Пауль Бернгард Фридрихов Гернет / v. Gernet Paul Bernhard b. 1819 d. 1860.

Son of Sergei - Evgenii / Евгений - was born on 31 October 1882 in Kronsztadt / Кронштадт, died 1943.

The grandfather of Sergei: Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857.

The great-grandfather Christian Wilhelm Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819, and

his father Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791.

Carl's / Karl's children:
Frederick Gernet b. 1738 d. 1789,
Christian Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819,
Carl Gustaf Gernet b. 1747 d. 1812.

On Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791

(Карл Готлиб Иоахимов Гернет son of Ioachim Georgiev von Gernet / Иоахим Георгиев Гернет b. 1648 d. 1710 and was grandson of Георгий Гернет / Georgij von Gernet);

Karl Gotlib sons:

Frederick / Fridrich / Фридрих Гернет / Eberhard Friedrich von Gernet died 1789, was born on November 26, 1738 in Lehhlola / Lehhola / Lehola in Estonia and died on July 29, 1789 in Ohtel / Ohtu, Estonia (Ohtel / Ohtu - only 3 km south - east of Lehola, near to Keila, and ca 15 / 13 km to Uksnurme);

next son born 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola, Estonia - his sons: 1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857;

and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет
(Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa. Note: Jula Dunkel b. 1840, from Ridala Parish, Lääne County, Estonia - her father Kustas Dunkel b. 1814 from Haeska, 7 km east of Kiideva (Gernet) and south-east of Haapsalu, about 23 km west of Vaikna)

died 1812 and his son:

1776 Karl Iogann Gernet / Гернет died 1857 and his son: 1824 Fridrich Magnus / Фридрих Магнус Гернет died 1909;

and his son:
Adam Richard Ernst / Адам Рихард Эрнст Гернет was b. on 07 August 1878 and in died 1944; about above Adam R. E. Gernet: Cushima 1905, 1910 Nikolaevskaya Morskaya Akademia, 1913 captain 2nd class, 1939 in Germany.

The brother of Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 was:

Wilhelm Henrich / Вильгельм Генрих Гернет born 1703 died 1772 -

his son:

was born in 1741 Hristophor / Христофор Вильгельмов Гернет died 1794 -

sons of Hristophor:

b. in 1782 Reinholdt / Рейнгольд Христофоров Гернет d. 1832 and

b. in 1791 was Ferdinand / Фердинанд Христофоров died 1852;

in 1795 was born Hristophor Hristophorovich / Христофор Христофорович Гернет died 1865 -

and his son:

1835 Aleksandr / Александр Христофорович Гернет d. 1893 -

and his children:

Natalia / Наталья Александровна and

Vladymir / Владимир Александрович Гернет b. 1870 d. 1929 -

his wife and daughter:

Elena Alekseevna Zerebko-Rotmistrenko / Елена Алексеевна b. 1864 d. 1937,
daughter b. 1899 in Odessa, Nina Vladymirovna Gernet b. 1899 d. 1982 - about Nina: her son Erik Michailovich Rausch-Gernet / Эрик Рауш - Гернет,

her husbands: Michail Sale / Михаил Салье b. 1899 and from 1923 married to Michail Rausch-Traubenberg / Рауш фон Траубенберг b. 1904.


Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892, was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines. Born of Swedish parents in Azerbaijan; father Karl Wilhelm Hagelin worked for Ludvig and Emanuel / Emmanuel Nobel in Baku (Karl Hagelin was closest advisor for Emmanuel, because Wilhelm Hagelin, his father, had been employed by Ludvig Nobel as a manager of the St. Petersburg factory; 1899, Karl Hagelin was called back to St. Petersburg, like Emmanuel's closest technical advisor), and next was an investor in the Arvid Gerhard Damm's company - Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, established to sell rotor machines, acc. to Wikipedia.

See: Smith, Francis O. J., The Secret Corresponding Vocabulary..., ed. in Portland; Shannon, A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System..., ed. in 1948; Damm Arvid G., Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, ed. 1922; Boris C. W. Hagelin became first a director and later the owner of the Cryptograph Company, next the Cryptographe Technik and then the Crypto A. G. in the 1960s.
Crypto AG is a Swiss company specialising in communications and information security. With headquarters in Steinhausen ... Crypto AG was established in Bern by Russian-born Swede, Boris Hagelin. Originally called AB Cryptoteknik and founded by Arvid Gerhard Damm in Stockholm in 1920, the firm manufactured the C-36 mechanical cryptograph machine that Damm had patented.
After Damm's death ... Cryptoteknik came under the control of Boris Hagelin, an early investor

(1921, Boris Hagelin developed his first cipher machine whilst working for crypto-company Damm in Sweden; 1935 he produced a fully mechanical machine under his own brand name A. B. Ingeniorsfirman Teknik in Sweden).

It was the first of a long line of mechanical cipher machines. Shortly before WWII, he developed the M-209 for the American Army. After the war the company moved to Switzerland where they traded as Hagelin Cryptos.
Acc. to: http://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/hagelin/), and during the War essentially operated in the United States ... In the early 1950s, it was transferred from Stockholm to Zug (close to Luzern / Lucerna) ... and was incorporated in Switzerland in 1952.

Crypto AG has a sister company, InfoGuard AG

(InfoGuard AG, a member of 'The Crypto Group', has specialised in providing comprehensive information security for more than 130 countries), acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_AG.

Boris Hagelin had created the 'Hagelin-machine', a encryption device similar to the German 'Enigma'

(Charles Babbage, b. 1791, an English polymath, had recommendations from James Ivory and John Playfair, achieved notable results in cryptography, 1850s Babbage broke Vigenere's autokey cipher; Friedrich Kasiski, a Prussian infantry officer, made the same discovery some years later. The Enigma was an electro-mechanical rotor cypher machine used for both encryption and decryption, from the early 1920s on. Enigma was developed by Arthur Scherbius dating back to 1919. Enigma-A was offered for sale in 1923. The Swedish textile engineer Arvid Gerhard Damm, used his experience gained with Jacquard weaving machines for construction of an automatic ciphering machine and applied for a patent in 1919 for his rotory system.

But Rintu Nath, 'Dream 2047', June 2013, vol. 15, No 9, A chronicle of cryptography:
In 1918, the German inventor Arthur Scherbius and his close friend Richard Ritter developed a cryptographic machine called Enigma. Scherbius patented his cipher machine in 1918. Enigma was contained in a compact box measuring only 13,5 - 11 - 6 inches. Encryption using Enigma was based on polyalphabetic substitution method. Security of the encrypted message was based on the secret key.

1921, Boris Hagelin bringing support from the Swedish Nobel family, "...improved the cryptograph and in 1925 succeeded in getting the Swedish Army to use his Swedish product, the new prototype B-21, instead of the German Enigma". 1927 Hagelin became the owner of Aktiebologat Cryptograph. "...The B-21 had a lamp field similar to that in Enigma. In a new compact version, the C-35, the lamp field was replaced by a printer, which produced the ciphered text at a speed of three letters per second. To improve the operating comfort, the C-35 was connected to an electric typewriter, which the U.S. company Remington had just introduced. The C-35, as small as a telephone, became very successful. More than 5000 units were sold...". Hagelin in Switzerland, where in 1948 he founded Crypto AG in Zug, during the Cold War produced a ciphering unit, the TC-52, used for the red telephone line between the White House and Moscow).

The Hagelin machine was used on the side of the Allies in World War II. These included the Vatican, as well the governments of Iraq, Iran, and Libya. ... Acc. to: J. Orlin Grabbe - copyright in 1997 under J. Orlin Grabbe at web page: http://orlingrabbe.com. By Wayne Madsen, Covert Action Quarterly 63, 30 Jan 1999: "...For decades, the US has routinely intercepted and deciphered top secret encrypted messages of 120 countries. These nations had bought the world's most sophisticated and supposedly secure commercial encryption technology from Crypto AG, a Swiss company ... All the while, because of a secret agreement between the National Security Agency (NSA) and Crypto AG, they might as well have been hand delivering the message to Washington. ... The cover shielding the NSA-Crypto AG relationship was torn in March 1992...".
A. G. Damm edited the first a brochure in April 1917, he was the founder of the Company in 1916 (or 1915 by Boris Hagelin), with Wahlberg as the A. B. Cryptograph. See: General Cartier, Francois, Secrecy in Radiotelegraphy.

Estonians were also active on radio-intelligence before the Second World War. Olev Őun was a phenomenal decipherer, "...and had managed to break the latest code of the Red Army during the Polish campaign in September 1939. Unfortunately, no materials are available to support or argue the words of that high-ranking Finnish intelligence officer ... German military attache in Tallinn, Colonel Horst Rsing, evaluated the Estonian radio-intelligence against the Soviet Union as more successful than the Finnish one ... Andres Kalmus was a highly competent technical expert in radio intelligence, while Olev Őun was a talented Estonian cryptanalyst".
Arne Carl-August Beurling, b. 1905, was a Swedish mathematician and professor of mathematics at Uppsala University. "...In the summer of 1940 he single-handedly deciphered and reverse-engineered an early version of the Siemens and Halske T52 also known as the Geheimfernschreiber (secret teletypewriter) used by Nazi Germany in World War II for sending ciphered messages ... Beurling's great - grandfather was Per Henric Beurling b. 1758 / 1763, died in 1806, who founded a high quality clock factory in Stockholm in 1783". See: Lars Ulfving, The Geheimschreiber Secret. Arne Beurling and the success of Swedish signals intelligence, edited by Bo Hugemark, Probus Förlag, Stockholm 1992.
"...Swedish intelligence services in the modern sense of the word had indeed been already established in the beginning of this century. The armed forces intelligence service had increased in 1905, during the Union crises, and in the First World War. The General Staff and Naval Staff of that time both had their own signals intelligence and cryptographic units. ... The first successful attempts to break foreign cipher traffic were made in spring 1933, when they succeeded in breaking the cipher then used by the OGPU (later the KGB). These breaks into foreign military ciphers were probably the first to be made in Sweden after the First World War".

Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892 in Adzhikent, the Elizavetpol province, now Azerbaijan, was Swedish entrepreneur, inventor of encryption devices. Developer electromechanical encryption units, (rotary machines) of Arvid Damm and mechanical cipher machines.

Founder of the Swiss company Crypto AG / Crypto A. G., which specializes in information and telecommunications security.
Above named the Elizavetpol Province / Yelizavetpol quberniya, and above Ganja / Gənce, 1804 to 1918 was called Yelizavetpol, 1935 renamed Kirovabads.
His father, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin worked as a manager in an oil Nobel company in Baku. 1899, Carl Hagelin was appointed director and moved with his family to St. Petersburg. 1915, Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin began his career in Vasteras in the Swedish electrical company ASEA, supplier of equipment for the Nobels.

Being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1. Boris Hagelin in 1922 was appointed to represent their interests in the company. 1925 when Damme moved to Paris to collaborate with the telegraph companies (Breguet-Brown), Boris Hagelin headed the firm.
After the death of Arvid Damm in 1927 and the death of Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 died in 1932 - a nephew of Alfred Nobel, control of the company passed to Hagelin. In 1934, the French General Staff began to develop a pocket Hagelin cipher machine.

Acc. to: http://www.branobelhistory.com/ under copyright by The Centre for Business History in Stockholm and branobelhistory.com, we read:

"...Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ... In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers ... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. (see Stanislaw Despot Zenowicz!) ... During his initial period in Baku (1879-1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ... Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing on board the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...

he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time).

In 1923, Karl Wilhelm Hagelin was elected as an honorary member of the Swedish Society of Engineers...".

Acc. to: Boris Hagelin, The Story of the Hagelin-Cryptos, Zug 1981.

Boris Hagelin was born in 1892, in Adschikent, a small summer resort. His father was a Swede, who had been born in St Petersburg in 1860. He was manager of the Nobel Company's oil fields in Baku. He had joined the company in 1879, director in 1899. Boris was living in St Petersburg 1899 to 1904. His first job, the supervision of the construction of an electric power station on one of the Nobel oil fields in Baku. Nobels had ordered the equipment from ASEA in Vastraos.
"...Emanuel Nobel was very generous towards me and financed the establishing of a small engineering office in Stockholm. During my stay in the USA I had acquired some inventions, which I developed which made me financially independent. The decisive turning point in my life came, however, when Emanuel Nobel entrusted me with the supervision of a small company which he had begun to finance in 1921 - the A.B. Cryptograph. This company was founded in 1915 with the objective to develop and manufacture ciphering machines invented by the Swedish engineer A. G. Damm. In 1925 I assumed the management of the company as well as the development of saleable products. This was a fascinating task although I did not have any knowledge of cryptography. Mr. A. G. Damm died in 1927. In 1932 the A. B. Cryptograph was liquidated and replaced by the A.B. Cryptoteknik. A.B. Cryptoteknik manufactured only mechanical and electro mechanical ciphering machines. After World War II the need for ciphered telegraph transmission became obvious. In order to be able to work without the interference of the Swedish Government - ciphering machines were at that time considered war material - I decided to move to Zug, Switzerland. I first collaborated with the Swiss inventor Dr. E. Gretener, but later established a small independent laboratory. CRYPTO AG was in corporated on May 13, 1952, and had at first just one employee. My Swedish activities were transferred to CRYPTO AG, and since the name 'Hagelin Cryptos' had already become well known before i World War II the enterprise grew so fast that in 1966 a new manufacturing and administration building was built in Zug - Steinhausen".
Damm also constructed purely mechanical machine which printed both the plaintext and the ciphertext. Four of these machines were sold to Japan. Finally Damm invented a system with rotors, i.e., alphabet permutating wheels. The best-known machine using rotors was the German ENIGMA.
Damm aimed to interest the large telegraph companies in his machine. After 1921, Damm's interests in cipher machines were concentrated in the field of radio telegraphy: Marconi, Telefunken, TSF and Western Union.

Piotr Wodziński, a year ago (2011, Merkuryusz), after reading the 'three very interesting books' published an article 'Not only Enigma', wrote Mariasz in March 2012 at http://mariasz.salon24.pl/397497.
"These books are: Chapman, 'Japan in Poland's Secret Neighbourhood War', Ken Kotani, 'Japanese Intelligence in World War II', McCay, Bengt Beckman, 'Swedish Signal Intelligence'.
The thing applies to the pre-war and wartime cooperation of the Japanese, Polish, Finnish, Estonian and Swedish intelligence. Directed against the Soviets. In this cooperation, information obtained from radio intelligence played a key role".
See: http://merkuryusz.com/nr_09.html - "...The secret protocol of the Ribbentrop - Molotov Pact and the Soviet preparations for the invasion were not - for the Polish secret services - any secret. Could not be. A specialized publications of Japan report that the imperial SIGNIT broken in June 1939, the 4-digit code of the Soviet army, 4 digit code of border guard and 3-digit code of Air Force. Soviets changed their Army codes after the Battle of Nomonhan ... as the Battle of Chalchyngol, after September 16 , 1939, implemented the new five-digit code OK40, which, however, already in September 1939 was broken by the Estonian secret services. ... the Polish radio-intelligence was a part of a very effective anti-Soviet network - exchange information on a mass scale with the services of the Japanese, Estonian, Finnish and Swedish ... What's more, our radio-intelligence was regarded as the best part of this network. This surely, we were learning Japanese ... (after September 1939 two of our cryptographers has been employed by the Japanese services and worked during the war in Tokyo). When the Swedes turned out about technical assistance to the Estonians, they directed their to our secret services, pointing that they are the most professional...".
See : http://konstantynowicz.info/17_wrzesnia_1939_agresja_sowiecka/tajny_zalacznik_pakt_ribbentrop_molotow_23_sierpnia_1939/index.html

Arvid Gerhard Damm d. 1927, was a Swedish engineer and inventor. He designed a number of cipher machines. Damm was originally a textile engineer, and worked as an engineering manager in a textile factory in Finland.

Edward Hugh Hebern b. 1869, was an early inventor of rotor machines, devices for encryption. Acc. to 'On the history of cryptography in Russia', by N. N. Tokareva, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics: P. L. Shilling, and V. I. Krivosh-Nemanich, were the first in cryptography and cryptanalysis in history of Russia.

Vladimir Ivanovich (Кривош-Неманич) Krivoch Niemanich / Nemanjic b. 1865, polyglot and cryptographer, thanks to the knowledge of many languages, was enrolled in the University of St. Petersburg in 1886, he studied at the Sorbonne, served as an interpreter for the Admiralty, was sent to Paris to study foreign experience in matters of censorship; until 1911 he worked in the Special Naval General Staff of the paperwork for the management agents; he became the first Russian cryptographer, learn more in France at that time; after the February Revolution in 1917 returned to St. Petersburg, makes notes for Lenin himself; Lenin ordered to enroll Krivoch Niemanich in the newly created People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, to translate (look for the Nieciejewski family from the Berezina parish); he was arrested on charges of bribery of nobles for missing abroad and spent six months in prison, but back to work as a translator for Military control - then known as intelligence and counterintelligence of Bolsheviks under the control of the former Tsarist General M. Bonch - Bruevich;
after the revolution, he collaborated with Soviet cryptographic service, was again arrested but next release and was working for a new counterintelligence; died 1942 in Ufa.


The main events in the history of the Russian telegraph:

W. Siemens established company 'Trading house of Siemens and Halske' in St. Petersburg for repair and construction empire Russian telegraphs, in 1853. 1870 the Russian army started building the military telegraph parks. 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878. L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap. 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department. 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA. 1904, Captain 2nd Rank A. A. Remmert appointed head of business wireless telegraphy in the Marine Department. The Telefunken, JSC Russian Electrotechnical plants 'Siemens and Halske' and A. S. Popov agreed on the establishment in St. Petersburg 'Branch for wireless telegraphy system'. 1905, Naval Department made a contract with JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske' for delivery to the Navy 24 stations of the 'Telefunken'. Open the radio station in Revel, 1913. 1915, L. E. Gabrilovich established in Petrograd, the Universal Russian company of radio - telegraph, radio - telephone and electric devices (VRKR). 1916, stopped activity of JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1917 April, 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', DEKA, now as 'акционерное общество Заводов электромеханических сооружений'.

Acc. to: T. V. Alekseev, ed. 2010:
In the first of these stages, which lasted until the beginning of the 1890s, created small workshops for repair and installation works, as well as the production of simple parts. The priority of this case belonged to the German entrepreneur V. Siemens who in 1853 founded in the Russian capital firm called 'Trading House of Siemens and Halske' were performed under a government orders a series of telegraph lines. The Russian government to conclude a long-term contract with the company for the construction of new telegraph communication lines, and the company itself became known as a company for 'building and repairing the Imperial Russian Telegraph'. At the beginning of 1868 in private house on the 1st line of Vasilievsky island in St. Petersburg opened a mechanical workshop, for co-production of the telegraphs. Mechanic N. K. Geisler in 1874 in his apartment opened small electromechanical workshop; here was repairing telegraph 'Belle Black' and also master L. H. Josef in 1884 start to produce a small - wire switches. The second stage of the formation of the electrical industry in St. Petersburg was due to the introduction of the new customs tariff in 1891. First in a series of these enterprises, was 'Siemens and Halske'; N. K. Geisler in the mid of 1890s sets of commercial communication with the American company 'Western Electric' building in 1895 - 1896 in St. Petersburg a Branch of the Western Electric - telephone and telegraph plant. In 1896, a new venture 'electro-mechanical plant of N. K. Geisler and Co'; it was already employs 100 workers after a contract from January 5, 1897 between Geisler and the American company. In the capital of the Russian Empire there was 'a large triple enterprises': Siemens and Halske, Geisler and L. M. Erickson, determined by the position on the market of wired and later radio communications.

In November 1892 established 'general partnership' of the Dyuflon and Constantinovich to 'use of electricity and mechanics to industry, to the railway, military, naval and aeronautical affairs and the private use'.

Its founders became a Swiss citizens: Dyuflon, and J. Dizeren and also

engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz, who acted as representatives of the interests of two French companies: Sotter, Harle and Co (electrical machinery, dynamos, motors)

and 'E. Gabrielle and N. Angenolt' / 'Е. Габриель и Н. Ангенольт' (incandescent lamps).

Production activities based in St. Petersburg workshop and imported from France.
At the end of 1895 on the island in St. Petersburg land has been purchased, on December 14, 1896 has opened a new plant, electromechanical plant of facilities.

In 1897, for the purpose of capital expansion general partnership was converted into a limited partnership 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co'.
It should be noted that founded in 1899 'Telephone ... plant of K. Lorenz', proprietor was a German citizen O. V. Treplin. In 1900, the industrial crisis has pushed the idea of ​​corporatization and owners made association like Dyuflon, Constantinovich and Co.

In September 1901 the general meeting of shareholders of the new company, approved its name 'Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical installations', the former partnership of Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co, as well as the size of the authorized capital in the amount of 750 thousand rubles.

The cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with security agencies, primarily by the Navy Ministry / the Ministry of the Sea, in terms of delivery of products for radio-military industry began in 1912

(General Jan Jacyna b. 1864, son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz, the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery, Major-General in 1911, married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki; he served in a "Main technical committee" of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891; 1901 - 1917 member on "the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry and next of the War and Navy Ministry in Petersburg; then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during the First world war; since 1915 he co-operated with "Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives.
Acc. to me, the cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with the military intelligence and counter-intelligence security agencies, under the Ministry of the Sea / the Navy Ministry, had started before 1912 because the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century and when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo but especial at the turn of the 20th century - it was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century; this connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?
Anyway it relate to Poland only, and not to our easterly neighbours, e.g. Russia and Belarus. This is exciting subject for our family and to historians for the sake of connections with a couple of intelligences, and also it's the example of a genealogical tree on which based the important military structure of communist Poland for 50 years. Very broad, general information on these reciprocal connections was published for the first time in 2003 at my websites after researches ongoing 10 years and it was possible just after complete destruction of previous political system. Particular families of our ancestry didn't know mutually each other and they didn't know general image of this military genealogy up to 1995 (in piece) / 2003 (better in detail). This strange configuration in the genealogy and surprising family relationships give evidence to military service of somebody from our Konstantynowicz family in Soviet Union),

and in June of this year also as a result of fire damage of electromechanical Plant company N. N. Glebov and Co, located in St. Petersburg, had started contracts with the Maritime Office on delivery of dynamos for radio stations.

Shareholders decided not to rebuild the plant and the stock company transfered orders to the 'Electromechanical installations' - Duflon and Konstantynowicz. In the company of Glebov head of the test station was electrical engineer V. P. Vologdin. He signed in April 1912 contract with the captain of the port of Kronstadt to make a machine for high frequency power. After a fire at the plant Glebov, Vologdin passes in the 'AO electro-mechanical installations', where he became chief of the technical office.

Since then, the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz transformed into a supplier of the main generators of naval power stations that immediately affected the results of its production and financial activities.
Besides, to expand the range of equipment for military radio, management begins with 1912 active search for foreign partners for the organization and production activities in this market.

In July 1912 it acquired the right of representation of the French company 'Compagnie Generale Radiotelegraphique', CGR and offered military and maritime authorities a number of products of this company.

On April 23, 1913 signed an agreement on cooperation with the French radio company 'Societe Francaise Radio-Electrique', SFR. 'AO Electromechanical structures' becomes 'the sole representative of this company to operate its wireless telegraphy apparatus produced in Russia', and in the same 1913 proceeds to own wireless telegraphy equipment workshops.

The Board of 'Electromechanical facilities', expand the range of equipment for military and naval authorities on the dynamo engines, dynamo - electric power and other equipment, in the spring of 1915 commissioned a new factory building. And in the summer of 1915 again petitioned to the mayor of Petrograd on the construction of two new buildings.

In 18th cent. we have the first connection of the Trubecki family to Glebov: mother of Nikolai Trubetskoy was Maria Yakovlevna Glebova.
In the 19th century the director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki / Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy, with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, has a daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebov, she b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936. Sophia married to Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2 , 1878. Vladimir Glebov b. 1848 and died ca 1926; his father Pyotr Glebov 1813 - 1883 and grandfather Glebov Mikhail Petrovich 1789 - 1852; great-grandfather Pyotr Glebov born ca 1760 ?
The 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. Nikolai N. Glebov b. 1864 was owner. Nikolai Glebov b. at Mologa County, the Yaroslavl Province; a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire, a member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party, engineer, entrepreneur, organizer of power engineering and electrical companies; inventor. Friend of Shakhovskii and Vernadsky / В. И. Вернадски
(Konstantynowicz next of kin - see below).
His father Nicholas A. Glebov 1824 - 1869. His brother Andrei Glebov born 1858 married to daughter of Mikhail Kutuzov Musin-Pushkin. Above Nicholas A. Glebov / Nikolai A. Glebov was son of Andrei Glebov b. 1786 and a grandson of Nikolai Glebov b. 1755 who had brothers: Sergey Glebov, Pavel Glebov, Dmitry Glebov born in 1766; all they had father Nikolai Glebov born ca 1730? Varvara Nikolaevna nee Lodyzhensky 1838 - 1921, pianist, daughter of Nikolai Lodyzhensky, she was mother of Nikolai Glebov b. 1864. The elder brother Andrei Glebov 1858 - 1895 was engineer. Nikolai Glebov b. 1864 graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Communications in 1887, became a partner of his elder brother, graduated Electromechanical Institute in Paris, specializing in electrical engineering. Founded in 1904 an electrical company 'Glebov and Co.' in Petersburg and in Moscow. At this plant as head of a test station in 1907 worked V. P. Vologdin. In 1913 it was bought by Russian electrical corporation 'Dynamo' from Moscow. Nikolai Glebov was the owner of the electricity company 'Electron'.

On above Vernadsky:
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. on February 28 / March 12, 1863, Saint Petersburg;
his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Anna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, was a Polish noblewoman.
In the summer of 1917 came to his estate in Ukraine. The founder and first president on October 27, 1918 the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Was a professor and rector in 1920 - 1921 Tauride University in Simferopol. The Vernadsky family arrives in Petrograd and headed a radiochemical laboratory, but on July 14, 1921 Vernadsky / Wernadski was arrested and taken to jail; The next day, he was being accused of spying, Vernadsky was released. Karpinski and Oldenburg sent a telegram to Lenin and Lunacharsky, and after Semashko / Siemaszko, Kuzmin and Lenin ordered the release of Vernadsky. Vernadsky participated in the creation of the Radium Institute. 1922 to 1926 worked abroad in Prague and Paris at the Sorbonne, and Institute Curie, which investigated for a new radioactive element - return in 1926. In those days, many wondered - how he survived in the years of repression? In the summer of 1935 Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky went abroad to Carlsbad and he worked in Paris, London, Germany - met with her daughter Nina b. 1898 in marriage Toll, In the years of repression Vernadsky resigned from all administrative posts.
From 1927 until his death served as Director of the Biogeochemical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In the summer of 1940 on the initiative of Vernadsky began research of uranium for a nuclear energy. Since the beginning of the war was evacuated to Kazakhstan.


The father of Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling /
Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt
- Louis Joseph Ferdinand Schilling was a lieutenant or colonel in the Russian army. His sister married in 1780 by Christoph Count Benkendorf / Benckendorf / von Benckendorff. The grandfather, Karl Friedrich, Baron Schilling von Cannstatt.
Anna Juliane von Benckendorff (under copyright by geni.com, Freiin Schilling von Canstadt) b. ca 1746; her husband Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff b. 1749 and her sons: Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich Graf von Benckendorff (b. 1781 / 1782 - died 1844, Russia's military commander, General of Cavalry, chief of police, Chief of III separation Office 1826 - 1844; brother of Constantine Benckendorff and Dorothea Lieven) and Konstantin Christophorowitsch Graf von Benckendorff b. 1785; and her granddaughter - Sophia von Benckendorff b. 1825; her father Karl Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1697, and grandfather Ludwig Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1654; her brother Ludwig Joseph Ferdinand Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1753, who has son Paul Ludwig Schilling von Canstadt b. 1786 - d. 1837 (Emperor Nicholas visited him to ask to see the telegraph experiments, he presented his telegraph in 1833 in Berlin; 1835, he again traveled to Western Europe).

In 1835, Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling introduced his needle telegraph. "...In Germany and Russia, where in 1837 he had suggested concrete telegraphic transmission lines, his ideas were largely ignored" but Tsar Nicholas I decreed on 19 May 1837 the construction of a 30 km stretch of electrically operated telegraph line from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, which was not realized because Schillings death.
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt, von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Note at margin:
Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt: Julius Karl Otto Baron von Schilling b. 1831 in Orgena / Orina, Järva - Jaani - south-west of Rakvere, Järvamaa in Estonia; his wife Elsbeth von Benckendorff / Elisabeth Benckendorf Lowenwolde born 1843 Varrangu - south-west of Rakvere, and her father was Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald - south of Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland.
Her grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 (Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 in Gatchina, owner of Warrang / Varangu, Löwenwolde /Liigvalla and Jendel /Jäneda)
and great - grandfather Hermann Johann von Benckendorff b. 1751 from Wiborg (Viiburi, Выборг / Vőborg, Viipuri, Viborg), Karjala-Soome / Karelia.

Georg Wolther Baron von Schilling b. 1834 in Orgena, Järva-Jaani, Estonia. The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von Römer of Müüsleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, Järva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ Müüsleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani.
Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Johann von Benckendorff or Hans Ulrich Nathanael von Benckendorff, b. 1882 in Jendel (Jäneda - south-west of Rakvere, and south-east of Tallinn), Lääne-Virumaa, d. on April 19, 1919 in Jendel / Jäneda. He was son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin Benckendorff, from Jendel, by Henrik Manitski in 2012: b. 1846 in Warrang (Varangu - north of Rakvereca 18 km), Väike-Maarja vald. Died 1910 in above Jendel (Jäneda - ca 65 km east of Saku). Grandfather Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff, b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald; great-grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 in Gatchina, owner of Warrang / Varangu, Löwenwolde /Liigvalla and Jendel /Jäneda. Note:

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 or 1783, d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General and the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia. His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven a socialite and political force in London and Paris. He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844. His family possesed Schloss Fall / Keila-Joa from 1827 or 1837 and in 1830s Meremőisa / Merremois / Meremoisa, close to Keila-Joa. His relatives: Gertrude Margaretha von Benckendorff nee Staël von Holstein, wife of Georg Christian Benckendorff and Otto Wilhelm von Essen. This Georg Christian von Benckendorff b. 1754 died 1790 in Hamina, Finland. He was son of Johann Michael Ivanovich von Benckendorff d. Reval, was born 1720 in Reval /Tallinn; and he was grandson of Johann IV von Benckendorff b. 1659 in Riga and d. 1727 Riga. Above Johann Michael Ivanovich von Benckendorff was father of Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff; Katharina Christina von Brevern; Hermann Johann von Benckendorff; Georg Christian von Benckendorff and Johann / Иван Иванович von Benckendorff, by Peter Trefilov in 2010. Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf b. 1720 d. 1775, his parents: Johann Benckendorf b. April 26, 1659 d. June 17, 1727 and Clara von Schulz / von Schultz d. 1731. Above Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf / Ivan Johann Benckendorf Ivanovich - Lieutenant-General, chief commandant of Revel, the grandfather of the famous A. H. Benckendorf. Born in 1720, he came from an old noble family of Franconia that in the XVI century moved to Livonia. Father of Christoph Ivanovich Benckendorff b. 1749
(father of Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich von Benckendorff b. 1781
[his children: Anna Aleksandrovna von Benckendorff; Maria Aleksandrovna Wolkonski; Sophia; Anna - copyright by Peter Trefilov, Alla Povod and Henn Sarv];
Natalie Marie Elisabeth /Мария Христофоровна Schewitsch; Konstantin Christophorowitsch Benckendorff; Katharina Alexandra Dorothea /Дарья Христофоровна von Lieven);
Katharina Christina von Brevern; Hermann Johann Benckendorff
(father of Sophie Christina Gertrude von Helffreich; Katharina Juliane Dorothea Stael von Holstein; Paul Friedrich Benckendorff
[Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff / Павел Ермолаевич Бенкендорф b. 1784, born in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi of landlords Johann Hermann von Benckendorff and Christine Elisabeth von Brevern; in the Army in 1802, 1813 was elected by the Estonian Provincial Assembly; 1818 he was a member of the Estonian knighthood; 1833 - 1841 he became civilian governor of Estonia. Married 1805 Helene Dorothea Margarethe Elisabeth von Rehbinder 1788-1856; were born: Christiane Wilhelmine Sophie von Benckendorff (1806-1863), married Karl von Baranoff, Gustava Magdalena Marie von Benckendorff (1811-1892), married Otto Gustav von Lilienfeld, Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff (1815-1883), chief of the Estonian knighthood, Christoph Karl Gustav von Benckendorff (1817-1842), Gotthard Alexander Konstantin von Benckendorff (1819-1851). Above named Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff married Elisabeth von Rehbinder that is Dorothea Helene Margarethe Elisabeth Rehbinder was daughter of Gustav Wilhelm von Rehbinder and Sophie Christina von Rehbinder and granddaughter of Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder, burial in Reval, b. 1638 - 1696, d. ca 1711; son of Wilhelm Christoph von Rehbinder, d. ca on September 28, 1703; son of Wilhelm von Rehbinder. Some details at margin: Johanna Sophie von Toll nee von Rehbinder 1740 - 1801, her father Otto Magnus von Rehbinder from Kockora / Kokora - 40 km north-east of Tartu / Dorpat, and her grandfather Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder, and great-grandfather Wilhelm Christoph von Rehbinder b. ? - died ca 1703, her husband Christian Wilhelm von Toll, and her children: Johann Wilhelm Baron von Toll and Adolf Friedrich Baron von Toll. Von Toll family, the noble family of Baltic Germans, had the title of baron, from Reval now Tallinn in the province of Estonia (Эстония), Russian Empire and Dorpat now Tartu. The Toll family estate: 20 km south-west of Jarva-Jaani, Vodja is a village in Kareda Parish, north of Sargvere, and north-east of Sarevere; in Järva County, Estonia (Vodia / Veisenshtein / Wodja. Above Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt: Julius Karl Otto Baron von Schilling b. 1831 in Orgena / Orina, Järva - Jaani - south-west of Rakvere, Järvamaa in Estonia; his wife Elisabeth / Elsbeth von Benckendorff Lowenwolde born 1843 Varrangu - south-west of Rakvere, and her father was Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald - south of Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland. Her grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 and great - grandfather Hermann Johann von Benckendorff b. 1751 from Wiborg (Viiburi, Выборг / Vőborg, Viipuri, Viborg), Karjala-Soome / Karelia. Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff (1815-1883), chief of the Estonian knighthood];
Theodor Benckendorff and Magdalena Elisabeth von Brümmer);
Georg Christian von Benckendorff
(father of Helene Margarethe Sophie; Katharina Margarethe Elisabeth / Kattinka; Marie Katharina / Maschinka)
and Johann /Иван Иванович von Benckendorff
(father of Pauline / Полина Ивановна Бенкендорф; Sophie / Софья Ивановна Хрущев; Aleksandr / Александр Иванович Benckendorff; Владимир Иванович Бенкендорф).
Eldest son of Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf b. 1720: Christoph Ivanovich Benckendorff / Christopher Benckendorf Ivanovich 1749-1823 - General of Infantry, the military governor of Riga. From this son were born two sons, Alexander (cavalry general, a member of the State Council) and Constantine (Adjutant General), daughter Daria was married to a member of the Council of State H. A. Lieven. Above Benckendorf Ivan Ivanovich / Johann Michael 1720-1775 married Sophia Elizabeth nee Lowenstern, 1777 with the Court; from this marriage were born four sons, of whom the senior Christopher - entered military service in 1760, in 1762 was already an officer of the Count Chernyshev troops and took part in the final affairs of the Seven Years' War. His wife - Anna Juliana nee Baroness von Schilling Canstadt 1759 - ca 1830, she was a childhood friend of the Empress Maria Feodorovna; from this marriage were born two sons, Alexander (cavalry general, a member of the Council of State) and Constantine (Adjutant General), daughter Daria was married to a member of the Council of State H. A. Lieven.

Major-General of the gendarmerie
(counterintelligence and being the successor in office of Benkendorf; General Dubelt / Dubbelt, Staff Commander of the Corps of Gendarmes 1835-1856)
Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region; he enjoyed high confidence and patronage of the king. Von Dubelt, Leonti Vasilyevich / Leonti Wassiljewitsch Dubelt (b. 1792 died 1862), born into a family of Vasily Ivanovich Dubbelt by his wife - Mary Grigorievna Shperter vel Medina Celli, Princess;
his brother Peter, Colonel.
Von Dubelt is the German noble family from Livonia since the beginning of the 18th century.
Ivan Dubbelt entered the Russian service. His sons, Vasily and Mikhail Dubbelt.
Above Leonti V. Dubbelt married Anna Nikolaevna Persian nee Mordvinov in 1818.
In marriage, had two sons:
Nicholas / Nikolai (1819-1874)
and Michail / Michael (1822-1900).
Michael Leontievich Dubbelt or Dubelt was Lieutenant-General (1897). Dubbelt / Dubelt Michael or Michail Leontievich who was born February 8, 1822 in Kiev, Russian cavalry Major General, he was commandant of the Tiflis Alexandropol / Aleksandrapol fortress 1887-1890. His first wife Nataly / Natalia Puszkin / Natalja Aleksandrovna Pushkin since 1853, born May 23 / 4 Jun 1836 in St. Petersburg, was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, poet. This son - M. Dubelt in 1860, lost above named Kuvshinovo factory in gambler to hands of Peter Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1826 died 1880, the leader of the provincial nobility.

Prince Troubetzkoy in 1869 sold it to Michael Gavrilovich Kuvshinov; his father Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804 and his grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy born 1760: daughter of Alexander Gruzinsky - Princess Darejan or Daria Aleksandrovna Gruzinskaya died 1796, was married to Prince Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy / Piotr Sergiejevich Trubeckoj (1760-1817) with four children, including Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy (29 August 1790 - 22 November 1860) who was one of the organizers of the Decembrist movement and was a freemason.

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin b. May 26 / 6 June 1799 in Moscow, Russian poet; his paternal grandfather, Leo / Lev A. Pushkin was artillery colonel; father - Sergei L. Pushkin (1767-1848), a Pushkin's mother was a granddaughter of Hannibal. Brother of the poet - Lew vel Lev born 1805.
Nikolai Leontievich / Nicholas (1819-1874) was also Lieutenant-General (1864), commander 1852 - 1856 Belarusian Hussar Regiment.
Brother of Leonti Vasilievich - Peter V. Dubbelt (born 1794 in Mogilev, Belarus now), the Adjutant in 1822-26 of General N. N. Rajewski.
A cousin of Leonti Vasilievich - Ivan M. Dubbelt (born 1805, Riga), served in the Estonian Jaeger Regiment, took part in suppressing the Polish uprising of 1863-64.
His son Evgenii / Eugene I. Dubbelt, served from 1861 in Tiflis / Tbilisi.
The Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river.


Boris Siemionovich Jacobi / Moritz Hermann von Jacobi b. 1801 died 1874, St. Petersburg, invented a number of instruments for measuring the electrical resistance - voltagometrom.
In 1895 Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrated the device, detector, which was designed to record radio waves generated by the storm front - first radio receiver suitable for the implementation of wireless telegraphy. In 1899, "Popov has designed an improved version of the receiver of electromagnetic waves, where the reception of signals - Morse code - was carried out on the headphones operator - radio operator".

Watch maker, William Brown was dad of Edward Brown (born abt 1829). He was a watch maker, too. William Brown b. ca 1800, acc. to me; here was mistake - 1819. Elizabeth Brown maybe was a wife.

On the Clerkenwell district in London:

Izydor Jakub Gudak / Isadore Jacob Gudak / Irving John Good / I. J. or Jack Good b. 1916, a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing; from a Polish-Jewish family in London. His father Mosheh Oyved / Morris Edward Good or Moshe Oved alias Edward Good b. in Poland in 1885 - 1958, was a watchmaker, artist, sculptor (also from Jacob Epstein and Ben Uri; friend of John Ringling), the owner of a jewelry shop (Cameo Corner in Museum Street near the British Museum; on cameos, antique watches and clocks; Jewish ritual objects), poet, Zionist and the founder of the Ben Uri Society / Ben Uri Gallery / Museum in London, a Yiddish writer, a dealer in antique jewellery. He learnt the trade of a watches ca 1900, but in 1902 or 1903 emigrated to England. Mother Sophia Polikoff. Mosheh Oved / Moshe Gudak in London set up an antique jewellery shop. Sophia Polikoff was born in Russia and came to London at age eight with her parents. Morris and Sophia met in London. The Cameo Corner was founded in 1908 in New Oxford Street (No 1, close to Kingsway Str., and ca 1700 meters to west-south-west of Clerkenwell in London, by the Theobalds Road to the west) by Moshe Oved and in 1939 moved to its permanent home in Museum Street, Bloomsbury (1200 to 1400 meters to the west of Clerkenwell). Cameo Corner was the principal centre for the sale of jewellery in London for the first half of the twentieth century.

On the other side of this mirror, in 1904 Sir Charles Hardinge, the British ambassador in St Petersburg, discovered that a servant had been offered 1000 pounds to steal the embassy's main cipher. And after 1917, the Okhrana became the first modern intelligence service to make one of its major prorities the theft of foreign ciphers. Dmitri Aleksandrovich Bystroletov, Hans or Andrei, born 1901, the son of a Kuban cossack mother and novelist Aleksei Tolstoy, conquest for the OGPU in Prague in 1927, a codenamed Laroche from the French embassy. Acc. to The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of ..., by Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin.

In 1902, Vladimir Lenin moved the publication of the Iskra (Spark, issues 22 to 38) to London at 37a Clerkenwell Green. At that time Vladimir Lenin resided on Percy Circus, less than half a mile north of Clerkenwell Green. In 1903 the newspaper 'Iskra' / 'Iskry' was moved to Geneva.

In summer 1904 - Lenin and Krupskaya / Krupska left Geneva for longer holiday; Lenin and Krupskaya settled first in Lausanne, then changed it to Montreux in 1904 (Kropotkin, Konstantynowicz), the starting point of a multi-week trip to the mountains, chose the wildest trails, climbed into the wilderness, away from people; their journey was very interesting: from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz, Breguet, Rey, Duflon, Kropotkin, Bakst), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29 / 34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux or from Chateau d'Oex, Montbovon, Les Avants to Montreux some on a railway; the railway from Montbovon to Chateau d'Oex opened on 19 August 1904 and then Gstaad since 20 December 1904), where before returning to Geneva, Lenin and Krupskaya lived in a guest house near lac de Bret (Lac de Bret, Puidoux, Suisse - close to Riex, Cully, 5 km north-east of Cully, ca 15 km east of Lausanne, and 9 km north-west of Vevey; see: Breguet and Duflon, Diserens) in company with Bogdanov; the walk had beneficent effect on Lenin; the nerves came back to normal. How long the journey took for Lenin? It can be answered accurately; their tour began in early July 1904 and lasted nearly two months. Montreux and Vevey nearby well known in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Stayed here Tchaikovsky, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gogol, Vyazemskij, Stravinsky, Diaghilev. Somewhere nearby, in the mountains, held secret meetings of Lenin in 1904 (mountains east of Montreux to Saanen).
Alyaksandr Malinovsky / Aliaksandr Alyaksandravіch Malіnoўskі / Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov / Malinowski / Werner / Maksimov, b. 1873 in Sokółka, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland), of Belarusian ethnicity, a doctor, economist, philosopher; 1901 to 1904 he lived in exile in Vologda, 1904 to 1907 he supported Lenin's Bolshevik fraction; during Lenin's Swiss exile between 1905 and 1907, Bogdanov was the representative of the Bolshevik Central Committee in Russia. Bogdanov and Lenin met in Switzerland in the summer of 1904 and entered into an alliance, to 1909. First wife - Natalia Bogdanovna nee Korsak 1865-1945, second wife - A. Smirnov. Sister Anna Lunacharsky (1884-1959) - writer and an interpreter, the first wife of A. V. Lunacharsky.

Lenin and Stalin met in London in the Crown and Anchor pub (The Crown Tavern, 50 m east of Lenin 'Iskra') in 1903. But at this time people from 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company and around the Armand family were involved in 'left' activity:
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling who elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918; Brilling i.e. Briling, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's 'Iskra', 1907 doctor in field of engines.
At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Inessa / Инесса Елизавета Федоровна Арманд was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon / the Duflon office address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903.

"Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupska. Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich / Константинович, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910. After the events in Prague in 1912 around Lenin gathered clouds. In Paris, he literally did not allow the passage of political opponents. And Ulyanov family moved to Krakow / Cracow. Inessa went from Paris to Krakow later and arrived there accompanied by his former pupil Георгий Сафаров / George Safarov. This young man, aged 21, was married and his wife was in good companionship with Inessa; history is silent why Valentina Safarova did not go with her husband in Krakow and stayed in Paris. Michael Pearson: Inessa favored men younger than herself, an allusion to Vladimir Armand; the fact was that at that time Lenin had problems with the publication of 'Pravda', edition which was in Russia; british explorer R. C. Elwood based on a detailed analysis of the text of messages from Inessa to Alexander writes that her husband at her request send Inessa three thousand rubles for the publication of this newspaper; the first issue of 'Pravda' was published May 5, 1912 with a resolution adopted at the Prague conference. But Lenin was not happy with the result. Newspaper editors did not want to obey him, some of Lenin's articles are generally not published and openly ignored the decision of the Prague Conference on the establishment of the Bolshevik Party.

The last of the Breguets, "... looked around for someone suitable to make a partner and continue the Firm after his time. He knew a first-class mechanician in Clerkenwell named Edward Brown, who was induced to go to Paris to look after the factory. Eventually he became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm. Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired, ... 1920. Thus Monsieur Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm ... The general information I have gained by consulting certain books such as ... Mr. Hull, of the Firm of Messrs. Le Roy, in London, Mr. Henry Brown ... and his son, Mr. George Brown... Mr. Desoutter, of London, who has made a life- long study of Breguet's work...", acc. to THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, ,BREGUET 1747 - 1823', BY SIR DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS.
The Brown family and others in Clerkenwell:
James Brown, at 24, Noble-street (south-east, ca 1200 m from Lenin 'Iskra'), Clerkenwell (Barbican) in 1828, and at 3, Newcastle place, Clerkenwell-close (900 m south of Lenin 'Iskra'). The Baume Brothers, Importers of Geneva Watches, at 9, Ashley street, Northampton square, Clerkenwell, and at Aux Bois, Canton of Berne, Switzerland. BROWN Sophia b. 1859 in Clerkenwell, London, parent James Brown.

Antoine-Louis Breguet drove the prestigious business into bankruptcy. "His son, Louis-Clement Breguet, eventually took over. He invented the first electric clocks but decided to leave and concentrate on electric telegraphs and telecommunications. The business was sold to the English watchmaker, Edward Brown".

In 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to
Edward Brown; he collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel,
and he met
Alexander Graham Bell
and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.

He had one son

Antoine b. 1851 and he was grandfather of

Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer.

Louis Clément Bréguet, b. December 22, 1804 in Paris, died 1883 in Paris; he was son of Antoine Breguet

(Antoine Breguet b. August 13, 1776 in Paris, d. 1858 in Champcueil, son of Louis Abraham Breguet
[grandson of Jonas Louis Breguet b. June 11, 1719 in Neuchatel, Switzerland; died 1758;
m. Susanne Marguerite Bolle; she was mother of above mentioned Louis Abraham Breguet and Louise Breguet - wife of David Lassieur and mother of Jonas Louis Lassieur, grandmother of Sophie Niaudet,
great-grandmother of Daniel Berthelot, Marcel André Berthelot, Camille Berthelot, Marie Helene, Philippe, Rene Berthelot]
and Cécile Marie Louise L'huillier)

and JeanneFrançoise Venture
(Jeanne Françoise Venture b. 1774 in Cairo, Egypt; died 1813 in Bourg-la-Reine, France, wife of above named Antoine Breguet, mother of above mentioned Louis Clément Bréguet).

Louis Clément Bréguet was husband of Eugénie Caroline Lassieur and father of Louise Bréguet - wife of Ludovic Halévy and mother of Elie Halévy (Élie Halévy b. 1870 d. 21 August 1937, was a French philosopher and historian who wrote studies of the British utilitarians, born in Étretat, Seine-Maritime, where his mother had fled as the German army marched on Paris, 1892, Émile Boutmy invited Halévy to lecture on English political ideas at the newly founded School of Political Science, and on the history of socialism) and Daniel Halévy.

Louis Francois Clement / Breguet, Louis François Clément / Louis Clément Bréguet, b. December 22, 1804 in Paris, died 1883 in Paris; he was son of Antoine Louis / Antoine Breguet b. August 13, 1776 in Paris, d. 1858 in Champcueil; grandson of Louis Abraham Breguet. The 'little Louis' - called as its size does not exceed 1.55 m - was sent in 1824 to Geneva, where he worked as a common laborer.

Louis Breguet had one son born in 1851 named Louis Antoine / Anthony as his grandfather Antoine Louis / Antoine Breguet b. August 13, 1776.

Around 1855, the Breguet built telegraph across Europe, and even in Brazil and Japan; led a studio in Montparnasse; among the new productions appeared exploders knuckle-fist for the army and navy, invention of Louis Breguet. In 1856, he worked for Lyon; 1857, it was the realization of the time resetting mechanical clock; at Breguet workshops also were born devices of Marey, Yvon Villarceau, Berlin, the seismograph Grye, the chronograph Captain Fleuriais, and many others including accumulators; after the War of 1870, his son Louis Antoine / Anthony worked out with Graham Bell from the USA, the first phones to Paris; the first theatrical stereo transmissions in 1881. Death of Alfred Niaudet, his collaborator (and son of his nephew Alfred Niaudet) in 1883, were terrible blows to Louis Breguet.

Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, was the last of the Breguet family to run the business.

Antoine Breguet (1851-1882) raised in a scientific community (Marcellin Berthelot / Marcel / Marcelin Berthelot is married to Sophie Caroline Niaudet, niece of Louis Breguet) and artistic life

(her grandmother Camille O'Meara was a student of Chopin),

took over the management of the electricity section of the family business, the Breguet Maison in Douai, in the study of an asynchronous motors. Death of Antoine Breguet (1851-1882) and Alfred Niaudet, his collaborator (and son of his nephew Alfred Niaudet) in 1883, were terrible blows to Louis Breguet

(the 'little Louis' / Breguet, Louis François Clément b. Paris, 1804; d. Paris, 1883, 1841-1843 Kazan in Russia; his grandfather, Abraham, come from Neuchatel, was one of the best-known clockmakers of Paris - his shop was established ca 1775).

But in Paris on January 2, 1880 Louis Charles Breguet was born, he was son and grand-son of physicists, he started the family business in 1907 at Douai (Nord) by building a 'gyroplane', the first rotary wing aircraft, considered the ancestor of the helicopter. He built his first aircraft in 1909, which broke the speed record for 10 km in 1911.


Some datails on Kazan city in Russia:

1. Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka born circa 1840 was married to Konstantynowicz / Константинович / Konstantinovich before 1873, and next was living in Kazan in 1874 and she was probably from the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy princely family (Трубецкой и Эстония).

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz or Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel (nickname) Starych Siedych / Sedykh was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya. Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg, her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski; on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 buried by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra Konstantynowicz - 09 December 1948 buried by Galina Tunkel.

2. Prince G. A. Gruzinsky went to the village Lyskovo / Poland Lyskovo

(the name of this village sometimes is writing 'Polsha Lyskovo'; the distance between Lyskovo and Kazan is 310 km and in Kazan are a necropolises of Georgian figures in Russia: Semyon Mikhailovich Prince Barataev / Baratayev born 1734 and died in Kazan, and Barataeva Princess Anna, nee Rodionov b. 1760 d. 1830 in Kazan; Baratayev / Barataev Prince Semyon Mikhailovich rules of Kazan from 1789 and was General Major; he was a descendant of the ancient Georgian princely family and Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Baratayev ruled in Ufa 1796).

The Georgian Darya Alexandrovna, Duchess Trubetskaya was living in Lyskovo, the Nizhny Novgorod Province. Darya Alexandrovna, m. Trubetskaya died 1796, it was the Bagration of Mukhrani Royal Family.

Her parents: Bakarovich Alexander Bagration of the Bagration of Mukhrani Royal Family b. 1726 d. 1791 and Darya Alexandrovna Menshikov b. 1747 died 1817. The husband of Daria Alexandrovna Gruzinskaya, Peter S. Troubetzkoy b. 1760 died 1817.

Her children: Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. 1790 d. on November 22, 1860; Aleksandr Petrovich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. 1792 d. 1853; Peter Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. on August 23, 1793 died on August 13, 1840; Elizabeth Trubetskaya m. Potemkin, b. 1796 d. after 1870.

Darya Gruzinskaya died in 1796.

3. Prince Elizbar / Ilya Grigorievitch Gruzinski, b. 1st May 1867, educ. Corps of Pages, St Petersburg; Lieut. of a Cossack Regt. 1900, married on 21st February 1889 to Princess Elisaveta Alexievna (d. at St Petersburg, 1920), daughter of Alexei Porfirievitch Bezobrázov; Senator of the Empire, and his wife, daughter of Arkadi Timofeevitch Aksakov.

He d. in Russia, 1947/1948, having six daughters: Nino / Nina Ilyinichna, Thamar / Tamara Ilyinichna Gruzinskaya - living in the USA in 1962, Princess Kethavan / Ekaterina Ilyinichna Gruzinskaya - died at Kazan, 18th February 1912, Princess Gayana / Gayana Ilyinichna Gruzinskaya, Princess Suzana / Susanna Ilyinichna Gruzinskaya, Princess Mariami / Maria Ilyinichna Gruzinskaya - goddaughter of Emperor Nicholas II - she d. on 5th November 1907.

4. Rebinder Otto, died on 27.11.1809, General, Kiev, Zhytomyr; Colonel Otto I. Rebinder 1801 was appointed commander of the Kiev Dragoons. Rebinder was appointed chief of the Zhytomyr Dragoons. His brother, Col. Roman I. Rebinder, from February to September 1798 was the commander of the Kazan Regiment, and son, Alexander Ottovich Rebinder in 1805-1806 commanded Tiflis musketeer regiment. The Kazan 9th Dragoons Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna regiment 25.02.1798-11.09.1798 Colonel Rebinder, Roman Ivanovich 1st commander.

5. James Holman met Captain Rikord in the city of Kazan.

6. Soltan Octavia, b. in Prezma / Pryzma / Presman 1830, died on August 15, 1871 in Kazan - she was married in 1849 to Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan / Hieronim S. V. Soltan born 1824, died in 1900, landowner, member of the January Uprising.

Above named Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan was born 1824 in Uzukrewno (his mother's estate) and died on March 15, 1900 in Prezma, now Latvia; son of Stanislaus Soltan (collaborator of the Constitution of 3 May, imprisoned in Smolensk in the 1794-1796, the President of the Provisional Government of Lithuania in 1812, d. Mitawa 1836) and Constance Toplicki / Konstancja Toplicka, a high school in Mitawa in 1835-1842 Courland, his parents after confiscating the 'Zdzieciol' estate (in the Slonim area and mentioned by Mr. Tadeusz Mickiewicz) moved house on the Livonia area, he was the insurgent in 1863, exiled to Ufa, interned in Riga.

7. Boris Shnaubert b. 1852 in Moscow and died October 1917, a Russian engineer and architect, he served on the Moscow - Kazan Railway. Kazan ca 1870 - 1890? Repeatedly executed orders from wealthy merchant family Абрикосовых / Abrikosov 1900 - 1904 in Moscow.

8. Melik-Beglyarov Jason Hezekiah Luarsabovich b. 1861, graduated in 1891, the Ryazan - Kazan line and Moscow-Kazan Railway, was in that position until 1917, lived in Moscow.

9.
Eugeniusz Ludwik Armand / Eugene Louis Armand / Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth; was married to a Polish woman, Catholic - Mary Frantsevna Pashkovskaya / Maria Paszkowski / Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya / Пашковские, daughter of general Franciszek Paszkowski. She was born 1819 and died 1901 and was highly educated, ca. 1840 studied painting in France (Paris 1839 - 1840 ?). Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat. Maria Paszkowska that is Paszkovski has got three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie that is Emil Armand / Aрманд (Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie / Emil about 1847). All the sons had taken the house close to Pushkino factory c. 1875. The elder son, Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor. His wife, Barbara Karlovna Demonets = Barbara Demonets / De'Monets / Monnette (born ca 1845 ?) daughter of above Carl / Karol Demonets / De'Monets / Demontet (born ca 1816 ?), had 12 children, all the sons were married and all the daughters married: it was told about 39 grandchildren Eugene and Barbara Karlovna (all 42 cousins). Barbara or Varvara Demonet or maybe DEMONTET from Vaud province, Switzerland, was daughter of Carl de Monet's that is DEMONTET or Charles Demonets / Monnette or Demonsi.

The Demontet family - in Villette in the Vaud province. Villette on way from Lutry and Cully. Cully is near to Riex.

Demontet / Demonsi / Demonets, Kazan ca 1835 - 1839 (maybe to 1843 ?). Demonsi Carl, the son of a Frenchman, a native of Moscow, he studied at the Kazan univ. 1837, was prof. at the Kharkov Univ., died in 1867.
Demonsi was in 1864 a Moscow merchant 1st guild and a shareholder of a plants in the Urals.

Barbara Karlovna Armand from the Demonsi family was wife of Evgeny Armand.

Her sons:

1. Aleksandr E. Armand 1870 - 1943, wife Ines Armand Stéphane - his daughters Inna, Varvara, and sons

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich,

Fiedor Aleksandrovich,

2. Vladimir E. Armand 1874 - 1875,

3. Nikolaj / Nicholas E. Armand and his wife Rene / Maria Feodorovna Stéphane Armand 1872 - 1936, his son

a. Pavel Nikolajevich Armand 1902 - 1964, his daughter Rene Pavlovna,

b. daughter Marija Nikolayevna,

4. Boris Boris E. Armand 1878 - 1920,

5. Sergej / Siergiej / Sergey E. Armand 1882 - 1945,

6. daughters: Zofia / Sofija, Anna Evgenievna, Viera, Evgenija, Varvara, Maria / Marija.

10.
On May 20, 1833 Antoine Louis Breguet signed the sale of his 'Breguet house, nephew and Co.', formed by Louis Breguet and Louis Lassieur; the price of 270.000 francs paid by the three members.
Now, he invented a mechanical counter in 1841, published on induction with Masson and Savart, in the Annals of Physics.
At that time Louis Breguet realized thermometrograph who recorded at the University of Kazan in Russia temperatures of minus 42 degrees; he was appointed a member of the Kazan university in 1843.
The 'little Louis' / Breguet, Louis François Clément b. Paris, 1804; d. Paris, 1883; in 1841-1843 Kazan in Russia; his grandfather, Abraham, come from Neuchatel, was one of the best-known clockmakers of Paris - his shop was established ca 1775.
Also in 1843, Louis Breguet devised, upon request by Arago and using a method assigned Wheatstone, apparatus of rotating mirror, 540.000 per minute!
This time was full of activity with the electric telegraph in France, after its discovery by the English.


Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, the last of the Breguet family

to run the business, took on noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to look after the Paris factory. London-born Edward Brown became the factory manager, his partner - 1870 - and, after Breguet's death, the owner and head of the company. His sons Edward and Henry Brown headed the firm into the 20th century. By Michael Weare at http://clicktempus.com/turning-points-in-time-breguet: under Brown and his descendants, Breguet remained a niche Parisian watchmaking boutique for the next century. Edward Brown died in 1895, and was succeeded by his

two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

Thus Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm. The watching making firm continues to market itself under the name of 'Breguet'. The electrical instrument business trades first under the name of

'Breguet fabricant' and from 1881 - 'Maison Breguet'. The Brown family owned the Breguet watch brand for 100 years, five years longer than the Breguets. The complicated watches were built by the

Joux Valley's leading watchmakers

including the Victorin Piguet workshops.

1881 'Maison Breguet' that is Maison Breguet SA was the name given to the Breguet family business after it had sold off to Edward Brown in 1870 and reorganized by 1881. It manufactured electrical instruments, telegraphs, telephones, and industrial engines. It continued to operate in Paris until 1898 when its factories were moved to an industrial area in northern France, acc. to http://dssmhi1.fas.harvard.edu/emuseumdev/
Address: 1881 at 81, boulevard Montparnasse in Paris, next at rue Didot in Paris, and after 1898 in Douai.
Louis Charles Bréguet, 1880 - 1955, was a famous French aviator, airplane designer, and industrialist, engineer, pilot, acc. to http://perso.wanadoo.fr. Louis Charles Breguet, come from his great-grandfather Abraham Louis Breguet. In 1905, Louis, his brother Jacques and Charles Robert Richet began construction of a gyroplane - prototype helicopter. 1907 the prototype made its first vertical take-off the pilot to a height of 50 cm. In 1905, he received an engineering degree, and the brothers began working in the family business for the production of electric motors and dynamos machines. Louis Clement decided to switch to the telegraph and communications.

Antoine Louis Breguet, Ecole Polytechnique, specialist of an electric motors, led the Breguet House, rue Didot; died very young, when Louis was only two years.

Louis Breguet, an engineer at the Douai plant of Breguet House, interested in flying machines, assisted by Professor Charles Richet, a friend of his father, and by his brother Jacques, born in 1882; he went to work at the electrical engineering firm of his father, chief engineer of the Breguet House; in 1909, he learned to fly himself, acc. to: http://www.mae.ncsu.edu. In 1905 he was working gyroplane on a project.


Above named

Louis Charles Breguet b. 1880 in Paris died 1955,

was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers. In 1902, Louis married Nelly Girardet, the daughter of

painter Eugene Girardet.

Eugene-Alexis Girardet was born in Paris in 1853 into a family working in painting, engraving and lithography. All of his uncles, cousins and brothers - as well as several previous generations of Girardets - were engaged in either printmaking or painting. Jules Girardet, 1856-1938, studied under Alexandre Cabanel, FRENCH PAINTER.

Charles Girardet / Karl Girardet 1813 – 1871 was a Swiss painter

and illustrator who lived and worked mostly in Paris. After beginning his career as a landscape painter, he became a renowned history painter. He was born as Charles Girardet in Le Locle, son of the lithographer Charles-Samuel Girardet. After 1822, he lived in Paris, where he trained with Louis Hersent and Léon Cogniet; a study trip to Switzerland in 1833–35, Lausanne, and Italy in 1840

(see: 1. Paszkowski family in Cracow, Moscow, Rome in 1839 and Paris in 1839/1840 also!
2. William Lock / Locke, William, the younger (1767-1847), amateur artist, friend of Henry Fuseli; Locke painted historical and allegorical subjects, after 1819 he lived at Rome and Paris; leaving one son, William 3rd, and a daughter Elizabeth. Locke, William, the third (1804-1832), captain and amateur artist, published some illustrations to Byron's works. He was drowned in the lake of Como, Italy; married Selina, daughter of Admiral Tollemache; he had daughter,

Augusta Selina Locke b. 1833, married: a. Ernest Lord Burghersh,

b. the Duca di San Teodoro; Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! See: Locke / Lock family, above. 3. Luke Schaub from Neuchatel and Basel - In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy);

at Neuchatel, 1839–42; Le Locle is in the Canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. It is situated a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds, 15 km north-west of Neuchatel
(see: Schaub, Duflon); 1848 Brienz, Switzerland, to 1850; Italy (1861–1862).
Girardet, Charles Samuel born 1780 in Le Locle close to Neuchatel, 1863 death at Versailles; son of Samuel, publisher and bookseller, and Marie-Anne Bourquin. Brothers Abram-Louis Girardet and Alexander Girardet m. Fanny Charlotte Favre, daughter of Charles Henry, pastor of Le Locle; studied engraving with his brothers and in 1805 he moved to Paris; 1813 to 1822, he is active in Locle; 1823, he returned to Paris.

In 1905, with his brother Jacques, and Charles Richet, Louis Charles Breguet (b. 1880) began work on a

gyroplane / helicopter. In 1912, Breguet constructed his first hydroplane.
Louis-Clement's grandsons,

Louis and Jacques Breguet

were France's aircraft pioneers, from the 1917 'Breguet 14' fighter-bomber helped turn the tide of war on the western front. Louis Breguet was one of the co-founders of Air France in 1933.
Engineer Louis Franzevich Dyuflon / L. Duflon, a Swiss 'Breguet' Company representative (he was very young, only aged 23), was Stefan Drzewiecki friend (the Polish family from the Volhynia government), and circa 1884 was searching of the structure of a dromoskop. Dyuflon sometimes was invited to have breakfast with Drzewiecki. Drzewiecki (Drzewiecki Stephane lived after in France: 5, rue Gustave-Zede, Paris) occupied luxury apartment in the house No 6 at Admiralty Seaside. In the evenings, the usual Drzewiecki guests were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov (Lyubov Orlova-Denisova married to Nikolai Trubetskoy, she b. 1828, d. 1860. Her brother Fedor / Fiodor born 1802 or 1806 with wife from the

Nikitin family.

 Sister of above Lyubov nee Orlova-Denisova married Trubetskoy: Nadiezda / Nadjezda / Nadine Orlov-Denisov married to

Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin,

he born ? and died before 1868, Major-General, ataman Orenburg Cossacks - his parents: father Andrew / Andrej Katenin 'youngest' b. 1768 and d. 1835, wife - Irina Lermontov. His grandfather Fedor Katenin and his great-grandfather Ivan Nikitich Katenin d. 4 December 1723. Mother of above named Michail Andreevich Katenin - Irina Lermontov / Lermontow b. 1771 d. 1818. His brother Alexander A. Katenin, b. 1800 Kluseevo or Polovtsov in 1803 with wife Barbara I. Vadkovsky from Jan Wadkowski family. Above Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin daughters: Mary or Maria
[Prince Nikolaoz / Nikolai Ilyich Gruzinski b. 7th August 1844, Governor of Vilno 1899 and Vice-Governor 1896 - 1899,

married in 1868 to Princess Maria Mikhailovna Katenin

- daughter of Colonel Mikhail Andreivitch Katenin, and Countess Nadejda Vasilievna, second daughter of General Count

Vasili Vasilievitch Orlov-Denissov.

He d. 1916, having two sons and four daughters: Prince Mikeli / Mikhail Nikolaievitch Gruzinski, b. 1886, a govt. official in Minsk in 1914, m. daughter of

Ivan Bzhozovskii / Jan Brzozowski;

Princess Mariami / Maria Nikolaievna, first wife of Andrei Alexeivitch Tregubov; Princess Nadina Nikolaievna / Nadejda Nikollaievna, married second time to

Lieutenant-General Alexei Mikhailovitch Kauffman, cdt. Grodno Hussars of the Guard, third son of General Mikhail Petrovitch Kauffmann, Engineer-General of Russia, d. at Warsaw, 30th October 1901;

Princess

Anastazia / Anastasia Nikolaievna Gruzinskaya,
1917 - she emigrated to Dvinsk / Daugavpils in Latvia,
where she participated in the Greek-Catholic movement]
and Sofia d. 1908 married Martynov. At margin: Martynov Dmitry M. born 1760 and his brother Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich b. 1774, d. 1839 or after 1840; a wife of above Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich: Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya / Elzbieta Tarnowska daughter of ?, Polish - but we know only Michal Tarnowski b. 1782 d. 1831 and his parents Jan Jacek Tarnowski b. 1729 and Rozalia Czacka - she b. 1783, d. 1851; her children: Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich 1815 / 1816 - 1875 / 1876 who in 1841 killed Lermontov in a duel, his family related to Kolirovsky and Romeiko - Hurko (Polish); Michael Solomonovich 1814-60;

Ekaterina Martynova Solomonovna

married Rzewska (Polish) / Rzhevskij Michal; Dmitry Martynov Solomonovich b. 1824 and died 1909; Elizabeth; Natalia b. 1819; Julia married Gagarin, b. 1821; also Pawel and Peter Solomonovich Martynov - friends of Stefan Drzewiecki, Polish nobleman but about Pawel and Peter no any inf.; above named Sofia d. 1908 and married ca 1880 to Viktor Martynov / Wiktor Martynow b. 1858 d. 1915 -

his father, Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich b. 1816

and his grandparents: Solomon M. Martinov and Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya b. 1783),
engineer Breguet (Louis Antoine Breguet that is Antoine Breguet b. 1851 - died 1882, was engineer and his son

Louis Charles Breguet b. 1880, d. 1955, was aircraft manufacturer

and was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers who - in 1905, with his brother Jacques Breguet - began work on a

gyroplane, the forerunner of the helicopter,

with flexible wings - like Igor Sikorsky and prof. Bothezat; Jacques Bréguet that is probably Mr Breguet who was the

engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Stefan Drzewiecki;

Louis and Jacques Breguet, of the famous clock- and watch-making family, were interested in aviation from an early age and on 19 September 1907, they, in cooperation with Professor Charles Richet, created the first helicopter),

Dyuflon,

botanist professor Poiret / Poireau / Poirot,

K. E. Makovsky (Konstantin Yegorovich - that is son of Георгий or Юрий - Makovsky, b. Moscow in 1839 and died in Petrograd / St Petersburg on 30 Sept. 1915, painter, 1891 had become a member of the newly formed

'St Petersburg Society of Artists'),

and the pretender to the Serbian throne, prince Karageorgievich, who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion (Arseny Karageorgievich b. 1859, d. 1938, who served until 1916 at the Russian military; the son of Serbian Prince Alexander Karadjordjevic and Princess Persia; was educated in Paris lycee and graduated from the 2nd Konstantinovskoye Military College in 1888; wife 1891/2 - 1896 of above Arseny Aleksandrovich Karageorgievich / Arseny prince Karageorgievich: Aurora Pavlovna Demidova di San Donato, b. 15 November 1873, Kiev; her mother Helena Petrovna nee Troubetzkoy, b. 1853 and married to Pavel Pavlovich Demidov; her grandfather

Peter Nikitich Troubetzkoy born 1826, her great-grandfather Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804;

her great - great-grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy b. 1760 died 1817; her great-great - great-grandfather Sergei Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1731 died 1812).

In 1892, Swiss citizen,

L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment

and opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 he concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman of the

Breguet Company branch

- A. Konstantinovich / Apollon (Apollo, Palemon, Apolon) Konstantynowicz /  Константинович son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office.

Together they take on more complex projects, and soon

the company taken the first military orders.

Since 1896 the enterprise was owned by trading house, after by co-operatives and in 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.

1895 

The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА) based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz / Константинович'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Дюфлон, his Swiss friend
Yu Dizeren

(Jean Dizerens or Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland; they were aristocrats who fled from Paris to Switzerland - Cully in Vaud, Lutry and Lousanne - during the Fr. Revolution, where they first settled in Lutry;

they were originally Italian noble family with last name diSerens or Diserens.
Also L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne.

The Schaub family (see: Tallinn Volta, Urban, and loan bank in St Petersburg with the Nobels, near by the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Stock Society in Petersburg, Zaporoze and Moscow) in the Vaud province in Switzerland in 19th cent.: 1. Concise north-west shore of Lac de Neuchatel and south-west of Neuchatel, ca 15 km north of Démoret, Vaud, Suisse (2. Démoret, Vaud, Suisse is located 12 km north of Mouden); 3. Neuchatel. Key note!
Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

The father of above Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Luis Edouard / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon / Lun Eduard Anton Duflon, who was born 1861, a Swiss citizen - was probably Francis Dyuflon / Frances Duflon / François Louis DUFLON b. approx. 1824 (1831 ?). His wife was Jeanne Louise Susanne CUÉNOUD born 1826; her next of kin from families: Mercanton, Jenny, Milliquet. Her parents: François-Louis CUÉNOUD and Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD (Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD b. 29.03.1792 in Grandvaux, the Vaud province in Suisse; died in 1864). Mother of Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jeanne-Louise RICCARD was born approx. 1757. Father of above Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jean Pierre Champrenaud. Father of above François-Louis CUÉNOUD: Jean David Cuenoud (Jean-David CUÉNOUD born 24.09.1774 in Grandvaux, Vaud province, Suisse and died on 13.02.1816 in Lutry, canton of Vaud, Suisse; maried to Jeanne Abetel on 14 August 1795 in Lausanne of Vaud province in Suisse).

Riex from Lutry 5 km distance only and east of Lausanne, 10 km.

Duflon, Marc born on 29 June 1913 in Chavornay, died 1980 (?) or 1989; Marc Duflon was studying a classic College of Montreux and in the gym. of Lausanne; he joined the Faculty of Theology; a parents of Marc Henri Duflon 1913-1989: Oscar Duflon 1888-1971 and Maria Décosterd 1886-1976 (more inf. by http://gw.geneanet.org/rchollet?lang=en&m=N&v=decosterd), grandparents: Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 and Céline Chollet 1868-1909 (see: http://www.chollet.ch/Genealogy/index_E.html). His children: Jean Marc Duflon and Serge Duflon married to Meier, acc. to: http://gw.geneanet.org/. Chavornay is located ca 27 km north of Lausanne. Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 or Henri DUFLON m. in 1888 to Céline CHOLLET. Céline CHOLLET b. 1868 in Cully, Vaud, (Cully, 9 km east of Lausanne / Lozanna) Suisse. Her mother Rose FOREL and father Samuel CHOLLET from Jean CHOLLET and Jeanne FAUQUEX, acc. to: http://www.gen-gen.ch/DUFLON-CHOLLET/Celine/1310990.

The Duflon family nest in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland is to the west of Lausanne: Aubonne and Morges, where Duflon family was living in the 17th cent. - 18 km west of Lausanne.

The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
CHAMPRENAUD in 1748 also was living in Riex, Switzerland / Suisse. Riex close to Lavaux in Switzerland. CHAMPRENAUD in 1822 was living in Villette close to Lutry, too.

CUÉNOUD in 1774 in Grandvaux close to Lutry and Riex.

Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland in Cully in the Vaud province, Lutry and Lousanne.
Samples only on the Diserens and Monnet / Monet families in the Vaud canton: Pierre David Diserens b. 1712 in Lutry, Vaud, Switzerland; Louise Montet b. 1712 in Lutry, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Louis Diserens b. 1735 in Vaud, Switzerland; 1734/35 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Francois Diserens b. 1737 in Vaud, baptism in Savigny, Vaud; Pierre Louis Diserens 1742 in Vaud, 1742 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; David Diserens b. 1745 in Vaud; Jeanne Louise Diserens baptism 1747 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Daniel Diserens b. 1750 in Lutry, Vaud, baptism Savigny, Vaud; Jeanne Marguerite Corday in Lutry, Vaud, m. 1792 in Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Ethienne Francois Diserens baptism 1794 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; John David Diserens b. 1796 in Canton De Vaud, Switzerland. Savigny located 7 km north of Cully, and Lutry, north-east of Lausanne. Monnet Melanie in Lausanne now, MONNET GILBERT in MORGES, Monnet R. in Lausanne; Monnet Stéphane in Mi`ege; Monnet-Seitz in Pully, Vaud. Miege is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland, south-east of Saanen and east of Villeneuve. Pully in Vaud close to Lausanne and Lutry.

Marie Elisabeth DUFLON b. 1690 in Riex, District de Lavaux and married in 1714 in the Canton de Vaud. The Duflon surname has ancienne origin: de Fluvio. Surname DEMONTET dit TAVERNEY in 1646 was in Corsier sur Vevey of District de Vevey in Canton de Vaud. The DEMONTET family was near by DUFLON in 17th century. Barbara or Varvara Demonet or maybe DEMONTET from Vaud province was daughter of Carl de Monet's that is DEMONTET or Charles Demonets / Monnette or Demonsi.

Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozana. Vaud is the third largest of Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size. It located in the French-speaking western part of the country.
See http://www.gen-gen.ch/CUÉNOUD-CHAMPRENAUD/Jeanne-Fran%c3%a7oise/1232358)

and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
Lots of houses No 7 and 8 at Pavlov Street (Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street) in St Petersburg in 1895 bought L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon / Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren / Yu Dizeren and (inf. about first names, father's name of Apollo(n) Константинович and middle names need to be check, on Yu = Y. K., L. F. = Louis Edward, A. = A. V. / A. W.) A. V. (A. W.) Konstantynowicz / A. Konstantynowicz for the electrical company (since 1922 the Petrograd State Machine-Building Plant 'Electric'; in 1923, the factory designed the first Soviet welding generator).

The site houses No 9 and 12 Pavlov Street got the Prince of Oldenburg.

The house No 14 in 1909 - 1910: factory building for 'The Russian Society of the wireless telegraph and telephone', in 1923 created Central Radio Laboratory - here was located the center of the main domestic radio industry (L. Mandelstam, N. Papaleksi, D. Rozhanskii, V. P. Vologdin).

A note dated September 21, 1895 from the Ministry guarantees that the plant 'will be to have a free hand for quick ... execution of its most difficult and painstaking work...'.
Domestic firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Константинович) which was a representative of the French 'Sautter and Harle', under a contract of December 4, been making 11 sets of electric winches for battleship's elevators and to additional elevator for 'Rurik', winches ordered directly to firm 'Sautter and Harle' (the 'Rurik'-I keel was laid in the Baltic Works in St. Petersburg, May 19, 1890).
Fuller was an order given in March 1905 to the company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' immediately by 24 portable electric fans of 300 m / hr. 'Navarin' / Наварин, based on the British Trafalgar-class battleship, was built in St. Petersburg, 1889 to 1896;
in September 1893, as planned 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' factory was appointed date of move of 'Navarino' to Kronstadt for completion of equipment and accessories.
To build a 'Громобой' / 'Stormbreaker' ship in the new dock of the Baltic plant started on June 14, 1897, and on December 7 of that year this new cruiser called 'Gromoboi' was enrolled in the fleet; guns delivered from the Obukhov plant, and a winches from 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz company'.

1896
In December 1896 at Lopukhinsky Street in St Petersburg, now - Copyright by http://rdp4v.livejournal.com/1449841.htmlAcademic Pavlov Street No 8, opened the first-born in St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry, the electromechanical plant facilities owned joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА), a large role in which played the French capital. The 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' office was situated at Aptekarski Ostrov in St Petersburg, now Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University is also located on the island. The Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street, also found writing Lapuhinskaya; lots of houses No 7 and 8 in 1895 bought the L. F. Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren and A. Konstantynowicz / Константинович for the electrical company.  Alexander Stepanovich Popov, pioneer in the invention of the radio was associated Google map of old Duflon and Konstantinovich plant in St Petersburg at Medikov Street. Copyright by http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=576093&langid=5 with the island; on March 24, 1896, he demonstrated transmission of radio waves between different buildings in St Petersburg and he demonstrated ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles in 1898.
From the report of the Vologda city council member, F. N. Ovechkin, we know about question on the electric lighting in the city of Vologda in 1896 when the owners of the electromechanical plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', addressed to the Chief of the province a proposal to build in the city of Vologda electric lighting.
Nelly Bogorad in a newspaper 'The St. Petersburg Rush Hour' in 2002 was writing 'The Case Dyuflon will live': "In December last year the plant, 'Electric', the sources of which were enterprising Frenchman and a Pole, created in 1896 by joint-stock company 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', has got 105 years old. But the big date, ... at the company was not mentioned. ... It was the culmination of a period of confrontation of the two shareholder groups, each pursuing its own interests. ... Both groups of shareholders began buying shares in the factory ... in the course of privatization got a 60 % stake. ... Member of the Board of Directors of JSC 'Plant Electric' Andrey Stepanenko, representing a major shareholder, ... explained why he and his colleagues have undertaken to preserve the enterprise. ... As noted by Mr. Stepanenko, ... is not more than four years to modernize and reconstruct capital assets, depreciation is not less than 70 - 80 % ... and Mr. Stepanenko and his comrades are waiting for the expansion of welding equipment in the U.S., Germany, Sweden and Finland".

1897
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant with name 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz, Dizeren and Co'. In 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.
Service of lighting in Irkutsk proposed 'Erikson' and the firm 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz', the Russian electric company 'Union' and General Electric Company and other contractors but on December 10, 1901 City Council received an offer from the Universal Company.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

1901 

The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

DEKA founded in 1901 on 08 June, as the transformation of the company Duflon and Konstantinovich / Константинович, which was founded in 1892 by Luis Edouard son of Frances Duflon / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon son of Francis Dyuflon or Lun Eduard Anton  Duflon, born 1861, a Swiss citizen and Polish engineer - technologist Apollon W. Konstantinovich, the Russian citizen. In December 1895 they bought the land in Lopuchinski Park in St. Petersburg. This factory was opened December 14, 1896. At the beginning of 1897 the factory turned into the Association and soon the 'Deca' began to receive government contracts, in particular for electrical equipment for naval artillery.
Louis E. Dyuflon was graduated of Zurich Polytechnic and starting as an engineer at the factory of electrical products, he soon became the official representative of the French electrical company of Breguet / Brown in Russia, where he met with the engineer Apollo Konstantinovich / Константинович - a representative of the same company in Moscow. Edward Brown from London became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm; Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

In 1901, the 'Deca' plant becomes a joint stock company DEKA. Capital 750 thousand rubles. In 1913 radio - agreement with French company SFR and it becomes a branch ot the SFR in Russia.

In the second half of 1901 Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was sent to Paris for equipment to  Copyright by http://qrok.net/9442-podvodnyj-flot-rossii-chast-1.htmlRussian submarines with co-operation with Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company: a main engine - petrol four-cylinder engine of the Otto-Deyts 160 hp, it was enough fuel reserves to 30 hours. The motion of the water provided the electric motor of 70 hp and battery power capacity of 1900 Ah and were made ​​in Philadelphia, USA. Equipment ordered factory 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg. The submarine torpedo boat No 113 was built during the winter 1901 and summer 1902. However, the assembly of the battery to plant 'Dyuflon' delayed until late autumn, did not meet the contractual terms (accumulators and batteries were manufactured in 'Deka' plant after 1908); 1903 - it was finished making the submarine motor.

Above Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was born on September 26, 1858 in the Alexinsky district of Tula province. 1879 graduated from the Technical College of the Navy Department, next taught at the School of Mine, graduated from the mechanical department of the Naval Academy. 1901 Горюнов Иван Семёнович / I. Goryunov, I. G. Bubnov and Beklemishev performed work on the development of mechanisms of weapons and electronics. Beklemishev was sent to the United States. In 1935 he was arrested by Soviets again and released. Gorjunov Ivan Semenovich b. 1869, scientist, naval military educator, designer of the mechanical part of the first Russian submarine 'Dolphin', Major-General. His son Nikolai Goryunov b. 1890, 1920-1927 the chief engineer of the ship's port of Sevastopol, was arrested in 1929 and executed in 1930.

Also tests of the Valentin Vologdin radio oscillator at the battleship 'Andrew' was successful; Marine Office was made an order for another twenty radio stations, which include a new power supply antennas. Order execution was entrusted to the plant by 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' for twenty ships. All of them are installed on warships of the Navy, have shown high efficiency.

1904 - 1907 
The beginning of a Duflon Company in Switzerland and France in 1904 (L. F. Dyuflon from 1908 resided in Switzerland). Within a few months in Russia and in 1901 / 1907 the beginning of the DEKA Joint Stock Society (Duflon,  Konstantynowicz & Company JSC). In this years a business started to operate in Aleksandrovsk / Zaporoze when DEKA JSC bought land in order to changeover of activity (see December 1915) in 1907 at address: Zaporozje, Motorostroitelej 15. On 15 November 1907 the City Council of Alexandrovsk allocated land for the construction of the brothers Moznaim / Moznaimov iron foundry and machine factory but this factory was bought by joint-stock company 'Deca' from Moznaimov in 1915 and reconstructed for the production of aircraft engines; today, the 'Motor Sich', one of the most famous in the global avia industry (the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company manufactured Salmson engines, Gnome, Ron - a production under license and by 1917 the production of the engines in all Russia reached 700 per month; about 250 were collected from the western parts; the Decka Company began to produce engines in 1913). Until December 1915 it made agricultural machinery and tools to perform different machining, cast iron and copper.
 
The "Credit Lyonnais" Bank in Geneva has got records, assessments and accounts for the Swiss country with reference number DEEF 30136  relating to "Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Company", that is  "Company of the Electromechanical Factories of Constructions" called DEKA of 1904 - 1916; researched in 1921.

The DEKA Company produced agricultural machineries and tools, various machines, a cast iron; the factory in 1907 - 1911 (iron foundry) cast copper pieces and iron equipment. Ukraine organized a Celebration Committee in 2007 on the occasion of the one hundred anniversary of the "Motor Sich" Company / DEKA Joint-Stock Company.

The joint stock Copyright by Moikrewni.pl. Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович details.company 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Polish and Lithuanian roots. Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константиновичfrom St Petersburg and Moscow was co-property of our Mscislau branch of the male-line descendants of Dominik Konstantynowicz and our old ancestry:

Apollon (Apollo, Apellon) Wasylewicz Konstantynowicz / Константинович who b. ca 1857 / 1862 - son of Wasilij Константинович / Wasyl Konstantynowicz who was born ca 1830 / 1837. The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand - Eugene born about 1842.

Genealogy of the Dadiani and Japaridze - Imereti and Svaneti - Racha. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives from Sakartvelo / Georgia, Svaneti, Imereti.


On a relatives of the Saparov family:
among others Tatela,
Kalabekov,
Sofia Paat d. 1866 from Estonia / Estland (connections to the Paats' / Paats / Päts / Paat family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district; Paats' family moved to Asuncion, Paraguay in 1894; Jaan Paats b. 1861 in Mooste, Pőlva kihelkond, Vőrumaa - his father Jakob Paats b. 1833 and grandfather Peeter Paats),
Markaryan,
Mary Mirimanov,
Vakhtang Jalalov,
Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglyarov d. 1905,
Varvara Maypariani,
Alexander Florensky (1850-1908),
Tabriz,
Nikolai Romanovich Karamyan d. 1930,
Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze,
Leo Emilevich Armand (Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin) - Leo Emilevich Armand that is his father Emily E. / Эмилий Евгеньевич and Евгений Евгеньевич / Evgeny, father in law of Inessa Armand - were brothers;
in Riga one of the descendants of this family is living.

Any details: Saparov Pavel Gerasimov (1820 - 1878), was married to Sophia Paat (d. 1866),
and her children:
Saparova Anna born before 1845,
Saparov Gerasimos 1845 - 1869,
Saparova Elizabeth 1854? - 1919 was married to Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglarov d. 1905
and
Saparov Arkady 1854 - before 1921, was married to Varvara Maypariani: her
children -
Saparova Elena Arkadevna,
Saparova Tamara Arkadevna (b. ca 1880?)
was married 1st to Ivan Iaparidze that is Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze,
son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze (b. ca 1860) from the upper Racha region of Georgia

(his sister was Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau (b. 1855) nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and her parents Constantine Japaridze and Melania; the father Constantine died 1860)

and 2nd marriage to Leo Emilievich Armand (b. 1880) - Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin;
Saparova Nina Arkadevna d. before 1920,
Saparova Catherine Arkadevna d. 1916 and
Saparova Maria Arkadevna.

Note:
The Melik - Beglyarov / Melik-Beglarov family from Armenia and Azerbaijan: Melik-Beglyarov Shaamir Khan Fridunovich / Shamir Fridonovich or Shemir Bey, 1808 Lieutenant, Russian service, 1821 as Chief of Staff for Commander of the Caucasian Russian Army, General Ermolov; Major-General, the translator of the Russian mission in Persia in Tabriz, descendant of an old Armenian Karabakh ancestry. Melik - Beglyarov Osip Fridunovich, 1826 - the lieutenant, in Karabakh, 1849 a colonel.
Melik-Beglyarov Gerasim - colonel of medical service, a nobleman, born 1851, the representative of the ancient Armenian Karabakh ancestry, a senior doctor of the 3rd Infantry Caucasian native militia, 1891-1897 in Elisavetpol.
Melik-Beglyarov Jason Hezekiah Luarsabovich b. 1861, graduated in 1891, the Ryazan - Kazan line and Moscow-Kazan Railway, was in that position until 1917, lived in Moscow. Paul Shamirovich Melik-Beglyarov.

Maypariani or Maipariani from Tbilisi, Georgia.

Japaridze from Tbilisi.
The Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე is a Georgian noble family, a princely one in the Kingdom of Imereti, and in Kartli, Kakheti. Under the Russian rule, the family was received among the princely nobility in 1850. 1. Dzhaparidze / Джапаридзе / Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე Prokofy b. 1880, Georgian Communist activist, as Alyosha Dzhaparidze, Alyoşa Caparidze, Прокофий Апрасионович Джапаридзе was Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Born in Schardometi village of Racha, Kutaisi Governorate, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti / რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი და ქვემო სვანეთი in northwestern Georgia. In 1901 in Kutaisi. In 1904 he moved to Baku.
2. In 1882, Princess Agrippina Japaridze (b. 1855 - died 1926 or 1927) became a morganatic wife of Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg (1850 - 1906) and received the title of Countess Zarnekau. Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ - a patron of numerous educational establishments in Russian Georgia. She taken controversial role in the secret marriage of Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina,_Countess_von_Zarnekau - Agrippina Japaridze was born in the upper Racha region of Georgia, parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze. Her father Constantine died 1860, and her mother Melania moved to Kutaisi, where she 2nd time married. Agrippina was sent to the St. Nino School, where she received her education along with Olympia Nikoladze, sister of Georgian statesman Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე / Nikolos Nikoladze. In 1876, Agrippina married a Georgian nobleman named Tariel Dadiani, with four children, Miquel, Levanti, and Nino.
Above Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე b. 1843, public figure, was born in the village of Didi Jikhaishi, Imereti, western Georgia. After leaving St. Petersburg he went to study in Zurich 1864 - 1868. During his stay in Zurich, through Paul Lafargue he met Karl Marx. While in Europe, he briefly collaborated with Aleksandr Herzen.

In the 1880s, Kutaisi became a new location for the Hopersky Kuban Cossacks, commanded by Duke of Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, b. 1850, was a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. On 3 August 1809, Duke George of Oldenburg, the grandfather of Constantine Petrovich, married to Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Tsar Paul I. Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg b. 1812 in Yaroslavl. Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp was known in the court of Tsar Nicholas II as Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg. Under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus, Constantine Petrovich rose to the rank of Lt. General of Kuban Cossacks.
Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg m. 1856 to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1831, the son of Tsar Nicholas I and commander-in-chief in 1877-1878. Their son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1856 was commander-in-chief of the Russian Army during the First World War I.

Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France. Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.

Children of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich (Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832 the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I; Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia
and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy b. 1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid) of Russia:
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia,
Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna,
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich b. 1861 and in 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie of Merenberg (relatives of the Pushkin family / Puskin/ Alexander S. Puszkin - family was near by military counterintelligence headquarters), Grand Duke George Mikhailovich,
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) b. 1866 - freemason, and near by military intelligence headquarters,
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich and last Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich.

Above Duke Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, that is Duke of Oldenburg / Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg, served as an adjutant stationed on the Caucasian Front in Georgia, under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus.
Above named Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel Daniel Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command. The Dadiani were respected noble family in Georgia, as a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty. Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani. On 20 October 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with a titleless Georgian noblewoman Agrippina Japaridze. Between 1883 and 1892 they produced six children, all of them born in Kutais, the Caucasus: Alexandra Constantinovna von Zarnekau, Countess von Zarnekau b. 1883 married in 1900 Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky, a son of Alexander II of Russia. In 1884, they bought a local wine cellar established by the Frenchman Shote in 1876 for bottling champagne, doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe). Above Prince George Gogo Yurievsky was the son of Tsar Alexander II and his secret mistress, Catherine Dolgorukov, the Princess Yurievskaya.
In 1885, Baron Arthur von Mohrenheim, head of the Russian Okhrana (secret police) in Paris, reported that the widowed Princess Yurievskaya had been using her money to finance a group of Russian nihilists who were attempting to kill Tsar Alexander III and his family.
Prince Viktor Nakachidze, was convicted in late 1885 for participating in a nihilist bomb plot to kill the Tsar. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina Japaridze, the wife of Constantine Petrovich, and to the Dadiani family.
Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg died 1906. Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia married to a local Georgian noblewoman from the house of Nakashidze, who was Agrippina's cousin. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina and to the family of Agrippina's former husband, the Dadiani family, which was then living in exile at Nice. Prince Victor Nakachidze was sentenced to death and sent to Siberia.

Details on the Dadiani family:
Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800 in Simbirsk, Sengileevsky County and died 1865 in Moscow, adjutant, Colonel, commander of Erivan Regiment; his father Leon Aleksandrovich and Maria nee Naryshkina; Piotr / Peter Katenin reported violations to the emperor and when Emperor Nicholas I in 1837 visited the Caucasus, he removed Alexander Leonovich Dadian and ordered immediately send to Bobruisk. His wife's mother, Elizabeth D. Rosen, was next of kin with Baron Alexander G. Rosen (1812-1874) - the hero of the battle of Warsaw in 1831. His father Baron Grigory V. Rosen (1782-1841), Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, General of Infantry, Adjutant General in 1818. And grandfather Lieutenant-General V. I. Rosen (1742-1790) from his marriage to the Olympia Raevskaya Feodorovna.

Note on the Rosen family:
From Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791: Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen nee von Gernet b. on March 30, 1821 in Reval / Tallinn and died 1884 in Reval, her father - Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 Lehhola / Lehola - 1857 in Lauenhof / Lőve, Pődrala, Valdamaa, Estland; and her grandfather - Carl Gustav von Gernet 1747 - 1812, and her great-grandfather - Carl Gottlieb von Gernet b. on March 18, 1700 and died on May 4, 1791 in Lehhola; her husband - Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus / Woldemar von Rosen 1813 - 1892 and his father - Hans Wilhelm Gustav Freiherr von Rosen 1780 - 1862. Above Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus von Rosen, b. 12 Jan 1813 at Resna, m. 1844 at Hapsal / Haapsalu to Hedwig Charlotte von Gernet b. at Reval, daughter of Johann von Gernet and his wife Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul of Habbinem. Sons of above named Hedwig:
1. Johann Wilhelm Fabian Richard von Rosen, b. at Neuenhof near Hapsal, m. at St. Petersburg to Sophie Valentine Schottländer d. 28 Sep 1912 at Reval,
2. Leo Felix Karl von Rosen, b. in St. Petersburg, m. 2ndly in 1927 at London to Magna Smith daughter of Nadeschda Kowalewskaja Smith / Kowalewski. The palace of Herrenhaus Neuenhof that is Uuemőisa mőis east part of Haapsalu at present.
The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von Römer of Müüsleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, Järva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ Müüsleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani. Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Above Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800, was married two times:
1. to Princess Nina Farnaozovna Georgia / Нина Фарнаозовна Грузинская b. 1802, daughter of Prince Gruzinsky and Princess Anne Georgian Eristov - Ksani / Аннa Эристовa-Ксанскa, making his son Nicholas (1824-1829);
2. from 1836 to Baroness Lydia G. Rosen (1817-1866), daughter of Gregory Vladimirovich Rosen (1782-1841) and Elizabeth Dmitrievna Zubov / Елизаветa Дмитриевнa Зубов (1790-1862). Children:
a. Maria (1840-1894) m. Senator Nikolai Arsenyev, b. Anton / Anton Dadian b. 1841 - 1906 who has children: Nadiezda Antonovna Dadian, Dmitry Antonovich Dadian, Alexander Antonovich Dadian, c. Leon 1845, d. Mitro 1847.

Acc. to: http://www.royalark.net/Georgia/ under Copyright Š Christopher Buyers, March 2003 - August 2008.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria.

His father: Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani
(and his grandfather: Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani, daughter of Prince Kakhaberidze-Chijavadze; he d. after 1804, having six sons and three daughters. Above named the fourth son (he d. after 1804) of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani. Above Katsia II Dadiani (from List of monarchs of Mingrelia: 1758–1788 or 1744-1788) was friend of David II / დავით II (1756–1795), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, who was King of Imereti in the western Georgia. David II was the son of George IX of Imereti. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. He attempted to establish a contact with Imperial Russia and to restrict the powers of great nobles. David's policy drew many leading aristocrats, including the Mingrelian prince Grigol Dadiani
(Prince Petri Nichola Dadiani, b. 1812, in Mingrelia, m. Princess Mariami Marika Dadiani, daughter of Prince Davit Gurieli, by his wife, Princess Elena, third daughter of Grigol VI Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia - he had two sons: Prince Aleksandri Petri Dadiani b. 1843 and Prince Levanti Petri Dadiani b. 1848, m. Princess Kekela Dadiani. Western Georgia has the semi-independent prince-regent Dadian Grigol of Mingrelia / Grigol VI Dadiani. In 1803, his country was taken under direct Russian suzerainty until the dignity of Dadian was finally abolished in 1867. Nicholas Dadiani in 1867 was compelled to cede all his sovereign rights to the Tsar in exchange for 1.000.000 rubles, a grant of estates in Russia, and the title of Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky, and his brother Andrew has the name of Prince Mingrelia),
into opposition. Between 1792 and 1794, he attempted, with the Dagestan mercenaries, to reclaim the crown, but suffered a defeat and withdrew from Imereti. He died in exile at Akhaltsikhe. This is an excerpt from the article of the Wikipedia. Princess Thamar b. 1790, d. 1818, second daughter of Prince Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Dukes of Mingrelia, married before May 1808 to General Prince Giorgi Shirvashidze / Safar Ali Bey, Prince of Abkhazia, who signed a petition for protection from Russia in 1808, having four sons and six daughters),
m. Princess Rodami Dadiani b. 1820, daughter of Prince Manuchari Mikeladze. He d. 1856, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze Bego of the Guria, by his wife Princess Marika, daughter of Prince Tarieli Dadiani of Mingrelia; m. second 1859 and div. 1882 to
Princess Agrafina
(Agrafina / Agryppina / Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze; father Constantine died 1860; Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze b. at Radsha, Georgia, 1855; m. second, at Kutaisi in 1882 as Countess von Zarnekau by Grand Duke Peter II of Oldenburg, to Lieutenant-General Konstantin Friedrich Peter, Duke of Oldenburg, by whom she had two sons and two daughters, and she d. at Kislovodsk, North Caucasus in 1926)
daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze / Konstantyn Japaridze.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani had one daughter by his first wife, and two sons and one daughter by his second wife (on June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani):
- Prince Mikeli Tarieli Dadiani b. 1860,
- Prince Levanti Tarieli Dadiani b. 1864,
- Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani b. 1859 m. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani (b. 1855), eldest son of Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife, Princess Salomea Nino, daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua,
- Princess Nino Dadiani b. 1868 m. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani (b. 1864), son of Prince Niko Bessarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife Princess Nina (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Chichua.
2. Prince Nikolaoz Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1846,
3. Prince Platoni Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1848.
4. Colonel Prince Petri Aleksandri Dadiani, 1855, served in the Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878, m. Princess Agatha Dadiani younger daughter of Prince Ioani Elizbari Dadiani, by his wife, Princess Kesaria, daughter of Prince Vameq Giorgi Dadiani. He d. at Harbin, China in 1939.
5. Colonel Prince Giorgi Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1855, Col. of Cavalry, Russian service, m. Princess Nadejda Dadiani b. 1863, nee von Traumberg, adopted daughter of General Jakov Ivanovich Jzuravskii, and of his wife, Helena Zakharovna, daughter of Zakhari Chachikishvili of Natakhtari.

Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764, Ambassador to Russia 1805-1806, Major Gen. Russian Army, married first time to Princess Mariami Dadiani (d. 1802), daughter of Rustami Shervashidze, Duke in Guria, and married second to Princess Kethevan Dadiani, daughter of Prince Marshania. He d. 1834, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Giorgi Nichola Dadiani, b. 1795, m. Princess Varvara Dadiani (b. 1804),
2. Prince Aleksandri Nichola Dadiani;
3. Prince Besarioni Nichola Dadiani, b. 1810, m. Princess Evdukia Dadiani (b. 1810), heving one son and three daughters:
a. Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, b. 1830, Chief of Police of Zugdidi in 1857, m. Princess Salomea Nino Dadiani (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua with children:
aa. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani, b. 1855, m. Princess Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani (b. 1859), elder daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, by his first wife, Princess Sopio, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze, of the Guria;
ab. Prince Demeter Niko Dadiani, b. 1862;
ac. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze - he had two sons and four daughters.
4. Prince Petri Nichola Dadiani, b. 1812, Supreme Tribunal of Justice in Mingrelia, m. Princess Mariami Marika Dadiani, daughter of Prince Davit Gurieli, by his wife, Princess Elena, third daughter of
Grigol VI Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia - he had two sons: Prince Aleksandri Petri Dadiani b. 1843 and Prince Levanti Petri Dadiani b. 1848, m. Princess Kekela Dadiani.

The Lengold family, now in Serbia, Belgrade.

A son of Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg (daughter of Samuel Rosenberg, she was born in Germany) and (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) her husband Zachary Manfred: historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) was born in St Petersburg. He was a nephew of Leon Bakst.
In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory.
Viljandi has old residential architecture, among the fancy Villa Rosenberg, the house from the beginning of the 20th century. In 1937 the building was sold; was rebuilt by architect John Freshman. Here was living painter Johannes. The building is located in the old town of Viljandi heritage conservation area. Text: Agneta Land-Koskinen.
Johann / Johan Rosenberg b. 1826 - 1876 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-Kőpu mőis - 20 km west of Viljandi, close to Kopu, Viljandi County, Estonia. Kőpu is a small borough in Viljandi County, administrative centre of Kőpu Parish (his sons: Jaan Rosenberg b. 1852 - 1907, from Kőpu Parish, Tőnis Rosenberg b. 1869 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-Kőpu mőis, Viljandimaa; and Johan Rosenberg b. 1864 from Sulesaare talu, and last Mihkel Rosenberg b. 1867). His wife Kadri Soob b. 1829 from Suure-Kőpu mőis, died 1874 in Viljandi (Vil'iandi / Fellin). His father Juhhan Rosenberg b. 1796 from Suure-Kőpu mőis. His grandfather: Toni Juntsi Andres Rosenberg b. 1770 in Viljandimaa.
Rosenberg Fyodor / Fedor b. 03/01/1867 in Viljandi and d. 1934, Leningrad, Russian orientalist, the USSR Academy of Sciences 1923, the University of St. Petersburg 1889, 1902-31 of the Asiatic Museum. Pauline Rosenberg Leuska b. 1897 - burial in Lääne-Virumaa (Rakvere district), Eesti, died 1982 in Ida-Virumaa - east of Rakvere, near by Narva.

In Estonia and Latvia in the nineteenth century lived another family by the name Rosenberg. These different families do not need to have any links of kinship. Both families: Rosenberg-Manfred and Rosenberg-Siré do not have kinship one with the other, one another, acc. to me.
A note on the Rosenberg family from Estonia. Mary nee Rosenberg came from Revel, died at 50's or early 60's of the 20th cent.; her sister - Wanda Rosenberg 1881 - 1959, daughter of Eduard Rosenberg. She was born in Revel, died in Baku. German from the Baltic barons; graduated from the Institute for Noble Maidens, knew German, French, English and Russian languages​​, sometimes in Germany, France and Switzerland. In the late 90's of the 19th cent. married Mikhailov Sergei Mikhailovich from Moscow and moved to Baku. Husband was a director of the high school. In 1906 he had a son Constantine, in 1912 - Boris. In 1937 Sergei Mikhailovich was repressioned in Stalin's camps; Wanda Rosenberg / Vande Edwardovna as wife of enemy was 10 years imprisonment. 1948, Wanda E. returned to Baku. In Tallinn lived her younger sister Mary Edwardovna Rosenberg - 1949. An elder brother lived in New York, where he moved in 1925; The family of the Rosenbergs had four children. Sisters Wanda and Mary and two brothers - Peter and Nicholas, one of them was a colonel in the tsarist army.
Alfred Rosenberg died 1946 was also from Revel. Alfred Ernst Rosenberg / Alfred Rosenberg Voldemarovich, in the family where father was born in 1862 in Riga, Baltic German merchant; Woldemar William Rosenberg / Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg / Walter Wilhelm married to - born in St. Petersburg - Elfriede Caroline Siré, a descendant of the French Huguenots family moved to Estonia. Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg 1862 - 1904; his father Martin Rosenberg b. 1820 (Martin 1820-96, master shoemaker in Riga), from Valmiera / Dickeln / Dikli, now Valmiera in north Latvia, south of Viljandi - Valmiera parish, Burtnieku novads, Latvia. Johann (1781), from Dickeln in Livonia (Dikel′n / Dickeln, Vol'mar county, Livonia, Russia; or Dikļi 24 km northwest of Valmiera, north Latvia, Juris Neikens, the pastor in the village and writer, the Lutheran Church Dikļi since about 1848). Above Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg born in Tallinn, Harjumaa, and died 1904 in Tallinn, Harjumaa; his wife Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Siré 1868 - 1893, her father Friedrich August Siré 1843 - died in 1916 in Baku, Azerbaijan; grandfather Otto Ludwig Siré b. 1809 in Liepāja / Libau, Office Mitmeister at Konigsberg, Hans Heinrich Company; Liepājas pilsēta, Latvia - Lipawa in Courland. Died 1883 in Tallinn, Harju County.
The Sire family among other from France. Pierre-Paul Sire 1756 - 1809 from Jean Cyr (Sire) b. ca 1655 in St-Éloi-de-Dunkerque, Flandres, Hollande - at present France. Friedrich August Siré 1843-1916, an accountant, railway official, most recently in Baku; and his wife Louise Rosalie Fabricius 1842-1919 / Luise Rosalie Siré (nee Fabricius) - she was from Lihula, Läänemaa, Eesti; her father Johann Carl Fabricius b. ca 1812 from Pernau / Pärnu. Daughter Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Siré 1868 St. Petersburg - 1893 and her son Alfred Ernst Rosenberg 1893 - 1946 from Tallinn. Above Lihula, Läänemaa, Eesti, north-west of Parnu, and south-east of Haeska ca 24 km and Kiideva; south-west of Keskkula.

Note about Wittgenstein and Trubecki families:

1. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government; his wife Antuanetta Snarska / Antoinette Snarski born 1778 in Polock, her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr Trubecki / Trubeckoy b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
2. Mikolaj / Nikolaj Trubecki b. 1828, with his wife Liubov Vasilievna Orlov - Denisov, b. 1828 died 1860 but not 1869, for example, son: Piotr Trubecki / Piotr Nikolaievitch Trubetzkoy b. in Akhtyra 5 Oct. 1858 and died in Novotcherkask on 17 Oct. 1911, married in Moscow on 13 Oct. 1884 to Alexandra Vladimirovna Obolenskaya b. Moscow on 8 Nov. 1861, d. Authon-la-Chapelle on 14 Dec. 1939.
You see: http://de.rodovid.org/wk/Person:223460.
3. Stefania Wittgenstein b. Paris 1809, d. 1832, nee Radziwill - father Dominik Radziwill b. 1786, d. 1813; mother Teofila Morawska. Stefania was owner about 12000 km˛ that is 1 mln ha in Belarus (Miezonka...) and Lithuania. Her children: Piotr Wittgenstein b. 1831 and Maria b. 1829 with husband Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Her husband from 1828 Ludwik Adolf  F. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn) born 8 June 1799 in Kowno, He was first son of Ludwik Adolf Piotr / Pjotr Christianovich zu Sayn und Wittgenstein / Пётр Христианович Витгенштейн, who was born 1769 in Pierejaslawl Zalesskij either Нежин / Negine or Переяславл, and died 11 June 1843 in Lwiw / Lwow.
Mickiewicze Wielkie: in 1870 situated in the Minsk Governorate, the Slutsk district, volost Kleck, but in 1923 in the Poland, Province Nowogródek, the district of Nieswiez. Mickiewicze on way from Niasviz / Nieswiez to Klieck / Kleck. Close to Asmolawa. It was the Витгенштейн family estate as Быховщизна in 1870 (Wittgenstein - Byhovschizna). P. L. Wittgenstein to E. K. Pilyavskaya / E. Pilawska in 1886-1887. In 1887, Peter / P. L. Wittgenstein died, the son Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein; Peter L. Wittgenstein b. 1831, Vilna Province, Lieutenant-General, a military agent in France, the Russian-Turkish war, one of the richest landowners of the Russian Empire. Wankowicz family / the Vankovichs were living in the Slutsk county, lived near Kleck, Byhovschinka / Byhovschizna / Byhovschina and Ostreika / Astrejka in the Bobruisk (?) county, lived in the Borovische village in the district of Hlusk / Glussk. This Byhovschizna was in the Slutsk County. It was into the property of the Prince D. Radziwill, of Nesvizh. Above Lew / Prince Lev Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn b. June 7, 1799, the eldest son of Field Marshal Count Peter Xristianovich Wittgenstein / Piotr Christianovich Wittgenstein and Antoinette Stanislavnovna Snarskii / Antuanetta Snarski / Antuaneta Snarska. He was married twice: 1. 1828 to Princess Stefania nee Radziwill, daughter of above Dominik Radziwill and Theophile Morawska; with two children: Maria or Antoinette Carolina - Stefania, and above Peter / Peter Dominic Ludwig 1832-1887, Adjutant General, Lieutenant General. 2. Princess Leonilla Baryatinskaya Ivanovna.

On the Wittgenstein and the Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij families:

a.
see the part 1 of this webpage on Count Alexander Konarski.

Ireland - the Cork county - Konarski - MI5:

Patrick MacSwiney of Paris, banker, was the only son of Valentine Mac Swiney of Paris, banker, from Macroom in the province of Munster and a daughter of Count Alexander Konarski, who was in 1896 created by Pope Leo XIII to MARQUESS MACSWINEY OF MASHANAGLASS / MARCHESE MACSWINEY DI MASHANAGLASS; camerier secret to the Pope.
The title of Marchese Macswiney di Mashanaglass belonged to the Kingdom of Spain in April 1896. Patrick was close to Ramón María de Dalmau y de Olivart b. 1861.
Connections:
Christian Heinrich, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg in 1792 (1753-1800), m. 1775 to Countess Charlotte of Leiningen-Westerburg (1759-1831) with children:
1. Count Christian Ludwig Wilhelm of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1776-1783);
2. Albrecht, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1777-1851), m. 1830 Countess Charlotte of Ortenburg (1802-1854);
3. Prince August Ludwig of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1788-1874), m. in 1823 to Franziska Allesina von Schweitzer (1802-1878) with children:
A. Prince Emil of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1824-1878), m. 1st in 1856 to Princess Pulcheria Cantacuzene (1840-1865), m. 2nd in 1868 to Kamilia Stefanska / Camilla Stefanska, Baroness von Kleydorff in 1868 (1840-1902).
B. Princess Anna of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1827-1902), m. in 1848 to Karl, Count of Schlitz von Görtz (1822-1885) with child:
Emil, Count of Schlitz von Görtz (1851-1914), m. 1876 Sophia de Villeneuve Cavalcanti d'Albuquerque (1858-1902) with:
Countess Anna of Schlitz von Görtz (1877-1938), m. 1910 Patrick MacSwiney of Mashanaglass (of Marchio Romanus in 1896; Patrick was 1st m. on 26 Oct. 1895 to Stella, daughter of Cavalcanti d'Albuquerque) (1871-1945) with
a. Honora MacSwiney of Mashanaglass (1911-1992), m. 1946 to Thomas Ross (1920-2000) with Charles Ross, Baron of Biggar (b. 1948) m. 1982 to Annette Katzeck (b. 1955);
b. Mary Elizabeth MacSwiney of Mashanaglass (b. 1913 ), m. Eric;
c. Owen MacSwiney of Mashanaglass, Marchio Romanus (1916-1986), m. 1954 Countess Thaddäa von Korff of Schmising (1916-2009) with child
Patrick MacSwiney of Mashanaglass (b. 1956).

Ferdinand Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1834 died 1888, married in 1868 to Paraskewa princess Dadiani / Dadian 1847-1919, see about Bagrationi Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky family; he was child of August 1788-1874, who married 1823 to Franziska Allesina von Schweitzer, and he was grandchild of Christian Heinrich 1753-1800 (married 1775 Charlotte Friederike countess of Leiningen-Westerburg 1759-1831), great-grandchild of Ludwig Ferdinand 1712-1773, and great-great-grandchild of Casimir 1687-1741. His father Ludwig Franz 1660 - 1694. See below (point e)! 

Western Georgia has the semi-independent prince-regent Dadian Grigol of Mingrelia. In 1803, his country was taken under direct Russian suzerainty until the dignity of Dadian was finally abolished in 1867. Prince Alexander Dadiani, colonel of the Erivan Regiment, was an imperial aide-de-camp but tsar Nicholas taken his sword from him, and have him sent off to the fortress of Bobruisk. Nicholas Dadiani in 1867 was compelled to cede all his sovereign rights to the Tsar in exchange for 1.000.000 rubles, a grant of estates in Russia, and the title of Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky, and his brother Andrew has the name of Prince Mingrelia.

Praskovya A. nee Dadiani married to Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, was born 1846 or 1847; her parents: Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800

(his father Leon A. Dadiani, his grandparents Alexander P. Dadiani b. 1753 and

Leonovna Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753 died 1812.

The parents of above Alexander: Peter G. Dadiani and Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja died March 19, 1780.

Parents of above Piotr / Peter: George / Egor Levanovich Dadiani b. 1683 and Sophia A. Imereti of Mukhrani b. 1691 died 1747)

and mother of Praskovya: Lydia G. Rosen born 1816 and died 1866

(a branch from baron Vladimir I. Rosen, born 1742 died 1792 and his wife Olympia Raevskaya / Olimpia / Olimpiada Rajewska born ca 1746).

Above named Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753, died in Moscow, February of 1812, married Alexander Petrovich Dadiani b. 1753/54, died in Moscow on 26 Jan. 1811. Her father Levan Bagration-Gruzinsky, born Moscow 1739, or 1730 acc. to me! He was in 1753 married to Alexandra Yakovlevna Sibirsky b. 1728. Her grandfather Bakar I King of Kartli, born Kutaisi 1700, married Anna Eristavi of Aragvi b. 1706. Her great-grandfather Vakhtang VI King of Kartli, b. 15 Sept. 1675.
More inf.: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/georgia/bagrat10.html.

Connections to the Paats family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district and the Helme parish in the area of Viljandimaa / Viljandi County

b.
Ludwig Adolf Peter (Piotr) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolph Peter vel Pjotr Christianowitsch, Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein b. 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government or in Perejaslaw-Chmelnyzkyj, d. 1843, his parents: Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein. In 1798 he married Polish lady from Polock, Antonia Cecilie Snarska / Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski and had in this marriage 11 children.  
c.
Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg or Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1725 and died 6 May 1797, Rheda. He was a son of Count Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth. He was taken captive in 1761, settled in Russia, and then serving in the Caucasus. He was married two times: to Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein and to Anna Petrovna Dolgorukova.
d.
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg was a side line of the Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg family, created by Graf Casimir b. 1687 - d. 1741, ruled 1694-1741, for his brother, Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1694 died 1750. Above named two brothers were sons of Ludwig Franz b. 1660 d. 1694, ruled 1684 - 1694.
e.
Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg (Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg) b. 1694 - d. 1750 and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth b. 1700 d. 1750. 

4. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 Negine in the Kiev government with his wife Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski (Polish roots) born 1778 Polock and her son Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, born 1799 Kowno, second son Stanislaw Piotrowicz Wittgenstein / Станислав Петрович Витгенштейн, born June 1800, Alexander zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born August 1803, Riga, and Georgij, Aleksiej and Nikolaj; her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein / Эмилия Петровна Витгенштейн b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828 in Moscow, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
5. The director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, she born 1828 and died February 1860.
Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov married Trubeckaya died 1860; a date of 1869 is error; her daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936; 5 October 1858 was born Pietr Nikolajevich Trubeckoj and Maria nee Trubecki / Trubeckaja born circa 1860!

Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka born circa 1840 was married to Konstantynowicz / Константинович / Konstantinovich (he was born ca 1840) before 1873, and next was living in Kazan in 1874 and she was probably from the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy princely family (Трубецкой и Эстония). I need to emphasizes that this is only a hypothesis but all genealogical and historical data lead towards the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy family. A son of Maria Trubecka - Wiktor Konstantynowicz / Victor Konstantinovich / Константинович - was living in Piotrogrod / St Petersburg in 1917 and Tallinn after 1918 but 1924 he lived in the town of Viljandi.

6. Children of the second wife Zofia Lopuchin from 1860 and Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki:
among others 1862 Sergiej / Siergiej, 1863 Evgenij / Evgenii, Marija / Maryna / Marina Trubecki b. 1877 - died 1924 and Maria born 1864 - died 1926 ('the second') married Kristi or Christi

(the husband of Maria Nikolaevna Trubetskoy from April 1, 1881 became a cornet of the Guard Hussar Regiment, Grigory Christie b. 1856 d. 1911; but she was only 17? In 1902 - 1905 G. / Jerzy Christie has successfully taken the post of governor of Moscow; June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, his son Vladimir was born, d. 1946),
Grzegorz, and so on.
Webpage 'ru.rodovid.org' is informing only about 12 children but was 13, including two sisters from the first wife and son Pietr. Polish data base inf. only about the second wife of Mikolaj Trubecki! In 2011 I was writing on 13 children. 
Some false information about countess Sofia Vasilievna Tolstoi / Sofya Tolstaya / Tolstoj concern her life when she took children of her early deceased sister Princess Lyubov Vasilyevna Troubetzkoy (1828 - died 25 Febr. 1860), on the parenting:  Sophia (1853 or 1854 died in 1936),
Peter (1858 - 1911) and
Mary 
(1860 - 1926, but here date of birth is false; Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936 and Mary / Maria nee Trubecki was born in 1860 or ca 1853!
Different source inf.: Maria, born Moscow on 24 February 1860, died in Romania 1926 married on 1 April 1881 to Gregori Kristy. And next Marija / Maryna Trubecki b. 1864, died 1926 and - ? - was married to Kristi or Christi; this information is deliberately confused and mixed!
Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya was born ca 1853 or circa 1860),
because the father, Prince Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy on 12 May 1861 married to Sophia Alexeevna Lopukhina, and from his second marriage he had ten children. For older Trubetskoy - Sophia - was Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2, 1878.
So...

Some about the Tolstoy family and Golitsyn

Golitsyn Prince Alexei Borisovich 1732-1892, Major-General, his wife Princess Anna Georgijevna Gruzinskaya 1754-1779 and his daughters: Maria 1772-1826, Princess, her husband Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769-1844, five sons and four daughters; and Elizabeth 1779-1853, her husband Alexander Ivanovich Osterman-Tolstoy 1770-1857, had no children.
Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769/70-1844, from 1797 Adjutant General, in 1806-1807 the main army chief of staff, in 1829, Chief of St. Petersburg and Kronstadt. His wife Maria Golitsyn Alekseevna 1772-1826. Children among others: Egor / Jegor 1802-1874, Lieutenant-General, Senator since 1861, his wife Princess Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy; and Vladymir 1805-1875, Major General, his wife Countess Sofya Orlov-Denisov.
Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy died February 12, 1900, marriage: Jegor / Egor / Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy b. July 19, 1802 and died March 12, 1874, child: Mary Yegorovna / Marija Jegorovna Tolstaya born 1843.
Father of Varvara - Peter Petrovich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy, b. August 23, 1793 and died August 13, 1840.
Grandparents of Varvara: Peter Sergeevich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. 1760 died 1817 and Darya Alexandrovna Gruzinskaya branch Bagration of Mukhrani from the Royal Family died 1796.
And also:
Prince Nikolai Borisovich Golitsyn b. 8 / 19 November 1794, musician, and served in the Second Caucasian war 1820 - 1832, held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, great-grandson of Field Marshal Mikhail Golitsyn and son of Lieutenant-General Prince Boris A. Golitsyn 1766-1822 and Princess Anna Alexandrovna Bagration of Georgia / Bagration Gruzinskaya 1763-1822, granddaughter of the king of Kartli - Bakara III and great-granddaughter of Alexander Menshikov. Above Nikolai Golitsyn was also personally acquainted with Chopin and Oginski - both Poles.

7. Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov: her husband Nikolay Pietrovich Trubeckoj b. 1828 died 1900; his mother Emilia Wittgenstein b. 1801 died 1869; his father Pietr / Piotr Ivanovich Trubeckoj b. 1798. Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy in 1861 married again to Sophia Alekseevna Lopukhin b. 1841 died 1901; the second marriage of  N. Trubetskoy had ten children that is half-brothers and sisters of  P.   Trubetskoy (younger).
Above Countess Sofya / Sophia Tolstoy, born Countess Orlov-Denisov, died November 30, 1885. When V. P. Tolstoy died on February 8, 1875, his widow Sofya lived in Uzkoje estate with favorite niece, the Countess Maria Yegorovna b. 1843 and married Orlov-Davydov; she was the daughter of Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy, who was one of the owners of this estate in 1844 - 1845, and his wife Varvara Petrovna, nee Princess Troubetzkoy. When a son of G. I. Kristi - Vladimir was born on June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, landowner of the village Uzkoje, Countess Sofya Tolstaya held his son at baptism, June 14 at a local church.
Above Sophia V. nee Orlov-Denisov b. 1817, her parents Vasily Orlov vel Orlov-Denisov b. 1775 and Maria A. Vasiliev; she married to Vladimir Tolstoy born June 13, 1805; 

sisters of above Sofia Vasilievna nee Orlov Denisov: 

Nadjezda married Michail Katenin, 

Ljubov married to Nikolaj Pietrovich Trubeckoj; brothers: 

Fiodor with wife Elizabeth A. Nikitin died 1898, and Michail with wife Tchertkova.

The Nikitin family - among others:

Boris Nikitin b. 1883 and died August 11, 1943, Russian officer of the Imperial Army, son of General Vladimir Nikitin; educated in Tiflis Military School, he served in the Kabardian Horse Regiment, on November 30, 1916 served in the Quartermaster General Staff of the 7th Army; from March 12, 1917 counter-intelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District, from June 1917 Quartermaster - General of Petrograd Staff and after head of Intelligence in Department GUGSH, from July 1917
(July 1, 1917 Boris Nikitin, head of counterintelligence of Petrograd taken from French captain Laurent P. a telegram intercepted by Allied intelligence; their authors and recipients were Lenin, Zinoviev, M. Y. Kozlovsky, A. Kollontai, Sumenson and Hanecki; under the influence of evidence on the same day July 1, Nikitin wrote out a warrant for the arrest of 28 leaders of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin; a government collected 21 volumes of investigative materials destroyed after the October Revolution; see a memoirs of counterintelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District B. V. Nikitin, 'Fatal years', Moscov 2000, p. 85-86);
in September 1917, appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps and sent out from Petrograd; from 1918 to February 1919 the commander in Dagestan.
His father Vladimir Nikitin born 1848, Russian general of artillery, the commander of the Odessa Military District 1914, Commandant of the Pietropavlovskaja fortress 1916-1917 and he was meeting with Rasputin; the daughter of V. Nikitin, Lidia, maid of honor of the Imperial Court, was a hot fan of Rasputin, was part of his closest circle.

Kierenski / Kerensky wrote down:
"...firmly believe that the uprising of October 24-25, 1917 is coincided with a serious crisis in the Austro - German relations, coincided with Ludendorff counterattack undertaken by Lenin in July 1917. By November 15, 1917 was supposed to conclude a separate peace between Russia and Turkey and Bulgaria. Suddenly, somewhere on October 20, 1917 we received a secret message from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Austro-Hungarian, Count Czernin. The letter, which came to us through Sweden, said that Austria-Hungary secretly from Germany ready to sign peace with us. It was assumed that representatives will arrive ... for a conference of war aims, which was to open in Paris on November 3, 1917. It is likely that Ludendorff and all other supporters of the war ... found out about it before us. ... Ludendorff now ... to prevent Austria out of the war and ... on October 24, 1917 Lenin sent to members of the Central Committee, hysterical letter, which said: 'Comrades. I am writing this evening of the 24th, 1917 the situation utterly critical. It's clear that now ... Can not wait! You can lose everything!...'. On the night of October 23, 1917 the Military Revolutionary Committee of Trotsky, ... began to give orders about the capture of the city government offices and strategic facilities. Being in possession of these documents beginning of the uprising, at 11 a.m. on October 24, 1917 I went to a meeting of the Council of the Russian Republic and asked the presiding Avksentieva immediately give me a call. I was giving a speech, when I was approached by Konovalov and handed me a note. After reading it, I (said): 'I have now a copy of the document, which is sent out ... "Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies ... Ordain lead regiment on full alert and await further orders. ... For chairman Podvoisky. Secretary Antonov". ... Thus in the capital now there is a state, which in the language of judicial authorities and state law called the uprising. Actually, this is an attempt to raise the mob against the existing order and disrupt the Constituent Assembly and to disclose united front before ... Wilhelm!'...".

Stefan T. Possony, Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964; Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service.
"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer, after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks (in 1964) which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling (in 1964). But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky / Oleksinski.

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin."

"In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree. The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech...".

Alexander Lvovich Parvus / Алекса́ндр Льво́вич Па́рвус / Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (1867-1924), was a Marxist revolutionary; was born to an ethnic Jewish family in Berazino; his father working as an artisan of a locksmith or a blacksmith; the family's home in Berazino was destroyed by a fire, and they moved to Odessa to Israel's paternal grandfather. Tanya Helfand was Parvus's wife, but Helphand left his first wife, Tanya, for another woman; he had left his wife and his son without plans to provide for them in the future. In 1886 first traveled from Russia to Basel, Switzerland. He returned to Russia briefly the following year, and again he would remain abroad for more than a decade. Returning to Switzerland, in 1888 Gelfand enrolled at the University of Basel to 1891, next moved to Germany, 1900, he met Vladimir Lenin for the first time, in Munich begin publishing his revolutionary paper Iskra; "...German intelligence soon estimated he would be useful in efforts against the Russian Empire". Some accuse Parvus of having funded Lenin while in Switzerland; Parvus met Lenin in Bern in May 1915 and agreed to collaboration through their organizations.

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary.
Professor Richard Pipes describes it:
'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

The Armand brothers received education  in Moscow, in France and Germany, mainly in the textile business and dyeing of fabrics.
Evgenii Armand and his wife Varvara Karlovna (Barbara daughter of Karl Demonet / Carl de Monet's that is Charles Demonets or DEMONTET from Vaud province / Monnette / Demonsi / Monnet) Demonets also had a very large family. Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow and in 1869 next child Alexander. Elizabeth-Ines Fedorovna Stephane fitted in nicely with her new family:
Anna and Alexander Armand were slightly older than she, while Vladimir born in 1875, Evgeniia b. 1876 and Boris born 1878 were somewhat younger.
According to: 'French settlers in Moscow and some of the descendants: Collection', the author-composer V. Egorov, Fedosov, ed. Moscow, 2005, p. 200-210 and Copyright © Institution 'Museum of entrepreneurs, philanthropists and benefactors', powered by Vadim Tretyakov: Evgeny and his wife Barbara Karlovna nee Demonsi had 12 children: Anna (1866 - 1932), Mary (1868 - 1942), Alexander (1870 - 1943), Vera (1871 - 1942), Nicholas (1872 - 1936), Vladimir (1874 - 1875), Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920), Boris (1878 - 1920), Sophia (1881 - 1941), Sergei (1882 - 1945), Barbara (1882 - 1966), Vladimir (1885 - 1909). Vladimir Armand joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna helped finance party organizations. They lived in Pushkino,  according to JoAnn Ruckman, 'Moscow Business Elite...', edit. 1984, p. 61 and by Egor Nazarenko - a great grandson of one of Evgenii Armand's brothers. They owned house in Moscow, but in summer lived in Finland. 
The Eugene family intermarried with the families: Demonsi-Shnaubert-Mathiesen-Bunkin-Tsitsin, Konstantynowicz / Константинович and Manfred, Kohl - Osipov, Pampel / Papmel - Mazing, Vdovin, Stepanov, Stephen, Wild, Karasev, Fedosov, Egorov, Zhurin, Pichnikovyh - Shaposhnikov - Zilina, Cardo - Sysoev, Fallen, Shapiro, Romas and others.

A details:
Schnaubert or Shnaubert Ivan A.,
Professor of Chemistry at Kharkov University, b. about 1781 in Giessen in Hesse region. He studied at the Chemical Institute in Erfurt, Jena in 1803. In 1804 he was invited to Kharkov University and was appointed professor of chemistry.
Boris Shnaubert b. 1852 in Moscow and died October 1917, a Russian engineer and architect, he served on the Moscow - Kazan Railway.
Kazan ca 1870 - 1890? Repeatedly executed orders from wealthy merchant family Абрикосовых / Abrikosov 1900 - 1904 in Moscow.
See Demonets
and Anastasia Gruzinskaya from Daugavpils.

Demontet / Demonsi / Demonets, Kazan ca 1835 - 1839.
Demonsi Carl, the son of a Frenchman,
a native of Moscow, he studied at the Kazan univ. 1837, was prof. at the Kharkov Univ., died in 1867.
Demonsi was in 1864 a Moscow merchant 1st guild and a shareholder of a plants in the Urals.

Barbara Karlovna Armand from the Demonsi family was wife of Evgeny Armand.
Her sons:
1. Aleksandr E. Armand 1870 - 1943, wife Ines Armand Stéphane - his daughters Inna, Varvara, and sons Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Fiedor Aleksandrovich, 2. Vladimir E. Armand 1874 - 1875, 3. Nikolaj / Nicholas E. Armand and his wife Rene / Maria Feodorovna Stéphane Armand 1872 - 1936,

his son a. Pavel Nikolajevich Armand 1902 - 1964, his daughter Rene Pavlovna,

b. daughter Marija Nikolayevna,

4. Boris E. Armand 1878 - 1920, 5. Sergej / Siergiej / Sergey E. Armand 1882 - 1945, 6. daughters: Zofia / Sofija, Anna Evgenievna, Viera, Evgenija, Varvara, Maria / Marija.

On the Mathiesen family:
Mathiesen from Nćstved is a town in a municipality of the same name, located on the island of Zealand in Denmark. The town is one hour away from Copenhagen.
Anna Henrikke Petronelle Mathiesen from Oslo, Norway. Jorgen Arthur Mathiesen 1901 was a Norwegian landowner. The Vvedensky cemetry, Moscow: Alexander Eduard Mathiesen, died October 1881.

Mazing - Korkus in Livonia, from Estonia:
Revel, Dorpat, Narva and Viru / Wierland - Varstu Parish in Vőru County, and from Riga, St. Petersburg in Russia.
Motherland - the former Livonia, Estonia present. According to legend from the Swedish soldier who settled after 1630 in St. Mary Magdalene in Kayavere in Livonia.
Kaiavere - village south-west of Maarja-Magdaleena, east of Mullavere, east of Puurmani, north from Tartu / Dorpat.
Mazing / Masing Edward Wilhelm b. 1836 from St. Petersburg; Michael Masing b. 1836, Russian - Turkish war of 1877, general. From Dorpat Leonhard Masing and Ernst Masing; Otto Wilhelm Masing from Ida-Virumaa and his son Carl Gustav Theodor Masing; Carl Johannes Masing b. 1811 Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Eesti. From Piirsalu, Läänemaa east of Haapsalu, connected to Mari Masing and from Roela, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia - south-east of Rakvere; and an area south of Viljandi - Valga county; also from Iisaku, Ida-Virumaa, Eesti. Heinkople Ado Masing b. ca 1833 d. 1896 in
Raikküla mőis Lipa, Harjumaa;
from Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia, east of Haapsalu. Christoph Otto Wilhelm Masing; Peter Otto Christoph Masing b. 1811, from Riga; Carl Michael Reinhold Masing, general of artillery.

The Manzing / Mansing / Masing family from Revel are not Estonian, only Swedish descendants and come from Sweden.
On the Bunkin family and Shnaubert:
Carl Shnaubert, a doctor, at the beginning of the XIX century in Moscow.
Constantine Bunkin, Eng., took part in the construction of the first Soviet helicopter.
On the Tsitsin family: Natalia Tsitsin art restorer, a granddaughter of the architect Boris Shnaubert (born in 1925) and Maria - died in 1915. Boris Shnaubert died in 1917. Her father Konstantin Bunkin, engineer.
On the Manfred family:
Albert Z. Manfred 1906 St. Petersburg, his father

Manfred L. Zachar / Zakhar / Zahar, worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, the French language was Manfred native one. He studied in St. Petersburg.

About Pampel / Papmel:

Papmel Alexander d. 1958, in France; Papmel E., a native of Finland.

Pampel Eduard 1884 - 1952, Germany, began his career in Russia: Lessner factory in St. Petersburg 1911, then entered the factory Becker in Revel; he worked at the aerodynamic laboratory of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute 1917, shipbuilding division Putilov factory. Plant Becker was in Revel that is Revel Shipyard BECKER & Co. / Joint Stock Company 'metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants Becker & Co.' in Reval / Tallinn. During the First World War, it had to be evacuated to Novorossiysk, where it is located on the site of a small factory Muller, Lampe & Co., after which he ever lost shipbuilding specialization. The factory made ​​machine-gun and artillery tower installation of armored trains.

Adolf and his wife, Alexandra, nee Lengold had three children: Andrew (1875 - 1884), Helen (1876 - 1958) and Margaret (1881 - 1882). They intermarried with the families of Repman, Gauthier, Doble, and others.

On the Reppman / Reppmann / Repman - surname:
Margarete Reppmann nee Neufang b. 1840, has sisters Katharina Schneider and Eva Neu, Elisabeth Stahl from Durrenbach, Germany, and next Dorothee Stoll. But the Viljandi district is core area of the Repmann / Reppmann or Repman family in tsarist Russia (all data under copyright of the host geni.com):
Mari Reinoja / Repmann nee Luik, b. 1884, her husband Hans Reinoja / Repmann from Kőo riigimőis, the Viljandi district; his daughters: Anna Repmann b. 1922, Leida Reinoja / Repmann b. 1916, and Amanda Repmann b. 1913 d. 1925 from Kőo vald ca 29 km north of Viljandi. Kai Kamm nee Repman 1833 - 1901, from Soomevere küla, died 1901 in Koksvere küla, Kőo vald. Her brothers: Jaak Repmann (1843 - 1911) from Kőo riigimőis, the Viljandi district (his son: Mihkel Reinoja / Repmann b. 1892 in Kirivere, Kőo riigimőis, Pilistvere khk, Viljandimaa - ca 40 km north of Viljandi) and Hans Repmann b. 1841 from Soomevere küla and died in Viljandi. Ado Repmann (1801 - 1859) from Soomevere küla, Kőo vald - ca 40 km north of Viljandi, his son Jaak Repmann b. 1843. Madli Repmann 1808 from Paluküla anddied in Soomevere.

Repman, Hristianovich Albert (1835 - 1917/18 or 1834 - 1917) - a nobleman, State Councillor, tutor of N. E. Zhukovsky / Н. Е. Жуковски (Nikolai Zhukovsky b. 1847, Russian mechanic, created the science of aerodynamics, professor at Moscow University), director of the Department of Applied Physics, experimenter and researcher in the field of electrical engineering.
Репман, Евгения Альбертовна / Evgenija Repman / Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937) - daughter of Repman, Hristianovich Albert, director of the 1st Moscow cooperative high school - gymnasium of E. A. Repman - Armand; she was the Armand family relatives.
Elena Albertovna Deysha / Deyshu / Георгий Песков (1885-1977) - daughter of A. H. Repman, novelist, Elena graduated from the Higher Courses for Women in Moscow, married a hydraulic engineer Adrian Deyshu Vasilyevich (1886-1952); 1917 they had a son George, 1924 emigration, Elena Albertovna had two sisters and a brother: above Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937), Olga Albertovna (1873/74-1939/40) and Vladimir Albertovich (1876/77-1953).
Others: Repman Vladimir Hristianovich (1869-1924) - Russian Soviet engineer. Repman Edward Hristianovich / Edward Khristianovich (1829-1872/76 or 1829-1876) - the owner of the guest house: Gauthier Dyufaye and K. I. Buhonov. Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович (1843-1927, m. to 1. Бейер Наталья Емельяновна, 2. Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна).

Christian Karlovic or Karlovich Reppmann / Repman / son of Karl Reppmann

(brothers of above Hristan Karlovic / Christian Karlovich Reppmann: Repman Karl Karlovich, Repman Philip Karlovic; the father of Christian Karlovic or Hristan Karlovich Reppmann / Repman: Reppmann Karl Christian, died in Montjoie or Monzhua / Manshau, his wife Straasin Anna Katarina Elisabeta born 1760; her father Straasin Iohann Mary, b. 1727, mother Maria Elisabett Buchsbaum) - his youngest son

Christian Christianovich has married two times; his second wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze (1870-1943) from Estland / Estonia probably. Above named Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович (1843-1927, m. to 1. Beier / Бейер Наталья Емельяновна, 2. wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze (1870-1943) from Estland / Estonia probably).

Repman or REPPMANN CHRISTIANS KARLOVICH b. 1798 in Monzhua or Manshau, Germany now, Flamand / Flomandiya (acc. to: geni.com and vgd.ru, All Russia Family Tree, is a kind of 'Who is (and was) who in Russia' site with display of family links; Copyright by Kotelnikov S. D., Birukova L. V., 1998 - 2014. But we know about Nieder Monjou / Nieder-Monjou, НИДЕРМОНЖУ, Бобровка, 1917 – Самарская goverment), died in Moscow.

Wife of above Christian Karlovic or Karlovich Reppmann / Repman / Christian son of Karl Reppmann: Dupuy / DuPuy / noble form du Puy / du Puis / Дюпюи Констанция Константиновна (b. 1810, Moscow - 1880, Moscow; we know about Jean Baptiste Édouard Louis Camille Du Puy b. 1770, singer, born in Corcelles-Cormondreche, Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, next in Geneva, Paris, Copenhagen, Stockholm);
her children: Repman Edward Hristianovich 1829-1872, Repman Arkady Hristianovich 1831-1883 + wife Marian Ingram Ivanovna, Repman Emily Hristianovich 1833-1905 (a teacher of the 2nd Moscow Gymnasium. His son Repman Vladimir Emilevich - a member of the Society of Art and Literature. Emily Hristianovich Repman has wife Adele V. Gauthier / Gouthier), Repman Albert Hristianovich 1835-1918 (wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze 1870-1943 from Estland / Estonia probably; she was after the second wife of Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович), Repman Adele Christianovna 1838 + Leo / Lew Burggaller husband, Repman Matilda Christianovna 1840-1913, Repman Christian Christianovich 1843-1927 (1. Natalia Beyer Emelyanovna, 2. Julia Krause Bogdanovna / nee Krauss), Repman Christianovna Ermania / Ehrmann / Репман Эрмания Христиановна 1845-1931 (husband Byukseymeyster Andrey).

Next figures:
Christian Gottfrid Reppmann, his wife Iohanna Eleonora Rudolfin.
Repman Eduard Abramovich, 1870 in Moscow, lived in the city of Orel. Arrested in 1937, was shot.

Hereditary honorary citizen (Adolf Armand!?) A. A. Armand in 1884 donated 1,000 rubles for this school, after his son Andrew Armand was a former pupil of the gymnasium. I am thinking on Adolf Armand and his wife, Alexandra, nee Lengold had three children, oldest Andrew (1875 - 1884).

Faina Nikolaevna Chatchaturian - her mother was friend of Haina / Chiena Armand, wife of younger son of Inessa Armand, Andrei Armand.

Alexander Andreyevich Sacha CATOIRE, son of Henry Andrei, had a fortune amounting to 1,200,000 rubles; married Henriette Gilonne HARCOURT from counts of Harcourt; since 1855 all males of the older generation of the family CATOIRE were members of the Council of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis of the French at street Malaya Lioubianka No. 10-12; 1859 were elected to the leadership of the French charitable associations of Moscow. The CATOIRE were close to families: ARMAND, DUTFOY and DUPRÉ / DUPRE, and prominent members of the French colony of Moscow.

Emil E. was married to Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke). They had six children: Leo (1880 - 1942), Natalie (1881 - ?), Mary (1883 -), Sophia (1885 - 1923?), Paul (1887 - 1892), Eugene (1890 -). They intermarried with the family Kindinger and others.

On the Hacker or Hakker family from Estonia:
Hacker / Hakker / Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961; his son Gert Hacker / Hangelaid; his brother Hugo Wilhelm Eduard Hacker b. 1884; his father Wilhelm Hacker b. 1852, grandfather (Szymon) Siim Hacker b. 1817. About above named Gottfried Hacker or Hakker: engineer, Wismar Polytechnic 1909 - 1913, Lehola / Leola 1913, Kunda 1918.
Gottfried Hacker or Hakker was living in Harjumaa, Lehola / Leola in 1913.
About above Siim Hacker b. 1817; his sons: Constantin Johann Hacker b. 1859 d. on February 28, 1926 in Keila - Keila town is 5 km north-east of Lehola, Harju County, and Keila is west of Saku; Gustav Hacker b. 1854 Hiiumaa - island, west of Haapsalu, died on September 28, 1917 in Tallinn, Harjumaa (his daughter Olga-Pauline Hacker b. 1876 d. 1877).

Samples:
Hacker / Hakker / Häcker, Wilhelm Ferdinand, born in 1774, d. Riga 27. 11. 1842; his sons: 1. Ferdinand Eduard Hacker, Dorpat 4. 11. 1812, d. Riga 1877, m. in Lübeck in 1835 to Friederike Hernquist; 2. Woldemar Magnus Hacker, Riga 27. 10. 1818, d. 1888, m. in Riga 1851 to Juliane Georgine Mittmann, second married to Carolina Meyenn; his sons: 1. Julius Hacker (1852-1896), 2. Wilhelm Woldemar Hacker b. Riga in 1859, m. in Riga in 1900 to Erna Burkhard; son: Fritz Woldemar Jacob Hacker born in Riga 1903.

Lehola:
here was born in 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola / Lehola as above, Estonia - and his sons:
1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857; and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет (Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa.
Sophia nee Armand was the daughter of Ivan Armand from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede from Estonia - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker among others from Lehola) about 1850. No data about this Swede but this family gone from Estland / Eesti / Estonia. From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second'. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan Armand and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hekke / Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker from Estonia, but roots from Sweden or Sverige?!) about 1850. The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg.

Samples:
Hacker / Hakker / Häcker, Wilhelm Ferdinand, born in 1774, d. Riga 27. 11. 1842; his sons: 1. Ferdinand Eduard Hacker, Dorpat 4. 11. 1812, d. Riga 1877, m. in Lübeck in 1835 to Friederike Hernquist; 2. Woldemar Magnus Hacker, Riga 27. 10. 1818, d. 1888, m. in Riga 1851 to Juliane Georgine Mittmann, second married to Carolina Meyenn; his sons: 1. Julius Hacker (1852-1896), 2. Wilhelm Woldemar Hacker b. Riga in 1859, m. in Riga in 1900 to Erna Burkhard; son: Fritz Woldemar Jacob Hacker born in Riga 1903.

In Estonia, the use of electricity began in 1882 at the Manufactory of Kreenholm, but the first public power - 108 or 100 kW and 220 V - launched November 2, 1907 in Pärnu. The first industrial power plant was built at the Kunda cement factory in 1893.

Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961 in Germany, graduated from Wismar Polytechnical School as certified engineer, 1913 lived in LEHOLA.
Designed and built Estonian first electric power plant to Aru bog, on rented land from Kunda manor and the first high-voltage line 15 kV between different areas, which on 18 Oct. 1918 brought electricity to Rakvere. 1919 - 1939 was living in Tallinn. 1939 emigrated to Germany.

Kunda in Kirchspiel Maholm, Viru-Nigula Parish in Virumaa County, at present the Kunda Municipality in Lääne-Virumaa County. Viru-Nigula Parish - 25 km east-north of Rakvere, 13 km south-east of Kunda. "At the end of 1860s the owner of Kunda Manor John Girard de Soucanton became interested in the possibility of producing cement. Since 1893 steam engines were used for mining raw material, and a hydroelectric power station was completed at the same time (the first in all Estonia)". Gustav John Edmund Baron Girard de Soucanton, from Selgs b. 1863 in Kunda. His wife Sophie Eleonore (Ellinor) Girard de Soucanton (von Rosenbach). His grandfather from Reval, Johann Carl Baron Girard de Soucanton b. 1785. The Girard family was originally from the French countryside Languedoc - Roussillon.

Bliebernicht Johann Eduard began producing beer in 1869. He was bought in Pärnu a mechanical plant. In 1910 introduced the first electric motors.

As a young man, Evgeny Armand was a clerk - official at a German factory in Vanteevke near by Bolshevo about 1845, in 1853 Evgeny bought dyeing factory in Pushkino, Moscow Province, from the French owner, Favard; in 1859, Evgeny build a second factory close to this one; c. 1865 Evgeny built a house and made it his residence. In addition there were houses in Moscow, four-story office in the Old Square, at the corner Varvarka, an apartment house in the German market, the trading house on Vozdvizhenka street near the Arbat Square. They were co-owners of the Firm 'E. Armand and his sons', and two textile factories in the Moscow suburb, owned houses in Moscow and estates in the suburbs, were members of the charitable community organizations.  

A brothers Brilling, Nicholas R. and Eugene R., big engineers of engines, operating in the Soviet era and even after World War II, Nikolai Romanovich was a famous theorist, honored worker of science, the brothers were married to two sisters Armand. There were another of the next of kin, Dr. Kohl and K. Fedosov and Konstantynowicz. The middle brother, Adolph E. was, in contrast to his elder brother. Three brothers lived lavishly, but these great bourgeois clan Armand began to decline but the 'Evgenii Armand and Sons' Company by 1912 had two thousand employees. However, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, all Armand continued to live in Pushkino and Nicholas Vladislavovich Ivinsky was here as governor.  

1909 - 1910 

Battleships 'Sevastopol', 'Petropavlovsk', 'Poltava' and 'Gangut' were laid in June 1909 in Petersburg and the construction of new battleships required the use of private businesses: 'Kulebaki association Prodamet', 'Metal',  'Putilov', Obukhov, 'G. A. Lessner' and of course for electrical equipment, plants 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.', 'Volta', 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'Geisler and Erickson'.
Acc. to: R. M. Melnikov, 'The battleship "Emperor Pavel I" 1906 - 1925', "... the beginning of all this work (with 'Emperor Pavel I') relates to 1906, when the plants have started to implement orders in mine arms, and until 1912 the ship is in a period of buildings and testing. During this time, were made all the principal mine works, equipped with facilities, installed devices, pumps, duct, radio, floodlights, alarm systems and all electrical installations. Since 1912, the ship enters into ... fleet ... Ship's electrical systems ... the ship in 1911 taken from plants: the Baltic, Volta, Geisler, 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and from the Kronshtadt port. ... In 1911, on the march back from Kronstadt to Revel was acceptance ... electric steering device, manufactured by the 'Volta'. ... there are two portable electric water turbines made by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' tested in 1912 ... Two electric winches ... were installed at the ship and manufactured by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in 1911. ... shunt motor for polishing metal capacity of 1 kilowatt ... in 1911 made by the 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and installed on a ship ... In 1912, from the plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', were two 90-cm projectors of Sotter with gilt metal parabolic reflectors. Spotlight placed on the anterior and posterior bridges on the rails, which can be rolled from side to side...".

The Ministry of the Navy ordered 32 of the fortress spotlight diameter of 210 cm of an Italian company 'Officine Galileo' for Revel at the beginning of 1914. When the war began contract was terminated, and the Castle Management Committee arranged a competition among Russian electrical engineering firms. 16 spotlights a diameter of 200 cm gave Russian branch of the Siemens - Schuckert factory in St Petersburg, and spotlights with smaller diameters (all 60) - The Company electromechanical structures (former 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'). In the meantime, had to interrupt the test of Italian spotlight (The Officine Galileo / Galileo Workshop is an important Italian manufacturer of scientific instruments; at present - scientific instruments for satellites; located in Campi Bisenzio, in the province of Florence, 1862 by Giovanni Battista Donati, Angelo Vegni, and after Guglielmo Marconi; 1873, the production was extended to electric tools, lighting, optical instruments, periscopes, stereoscopic rangefinders) and set it on the Weems peninsula. The War Department has transferred to the fortress a spotlights to the north coast of the island Nargen and another on Surop peninsula near Marah.

Curiosity: on 28 August 1909 a robbery at a very mysterious circumstances, committed in the night of August 14 at the factory company 'L. Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' on Lopukhinsky Street. The plant was guarded by night watchmen, but from the office was stolen 5000 rubles. The money were intended for delivery to the workers. One key had got a porter, the other an accountant and no traces on the walls.
In 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' of 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis.

1892 -  1910 


"In 1892, Swiss citizen, L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon (built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment and) opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman A. Konstantinovich / Константинович / Apollon (Apollo) Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office. Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian Merchants, E-mail: okipr@yandex.ru © 2004 ОБЩЕСТВО КУПЦОВ И ПРОМЫШЛЕННИКОВ. Apollo / Apollon Konstantynowicz / Константинович with wife Anna Armand
Together they take on more complex projects, and soon the company was the first military orders. Only a few years, and its mechanisms and electrical devices are mounted on Russian shipyards, battleships and to coastal artillery batteries ... in 1896 Konstantynowicz and K. Dyuflon build a new plant and establish joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and company'. The firm 'Deca' in addition to the main office in St. Petersburg, which was headed by Dyuflon opens branch in Moscow (headed by Konstantynowicz / Константинович). Soon the production of 'Deca' is widely known, and representative of JSC appear in Kharkov and Yekaterinburg / Ekaterinburg, address: Main Avenue, the Izboldin house, ... industrial regions of Ukraine, Tavria, Volga and Ural. Business are growing along with demand for high quality equipment. It is planned to open offices in Kronstadt, Revel (now Tallinn), Nikolayev and Sevastopol. For the development of new products plant 'Deca' in St. Petersburg is equipped with latest imported equipment specially purchased in France, England and America, but do not stop and his own. Beginning of the twentieth century marked ... the conquest of the air disaster. There are first guided balloons - airships and fundamentally new type of technology - the airplane. While this is not transportation, but rather fun. Undertake the construction of single-aircraft enthusiasts. ... of 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis. In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca' (shareholders are thinking about such promising areas as aeronautics and aviation and aircraft engines). When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province" (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010). 

The 'Duflon and Konstantinovich' Company Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8:

Evgeny / Armand Evgenii / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'; Maria Paszkowska / Paszkovski has got three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie / Emil Armand / Aрманд (Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie about 1847), Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor;
his wife, Barbara Karlovna Demonets / De Monets or DEMONTET had 12 children:
Anna (1866 - 1932) Konstantynowicz,
Mary (1868 - 1942),
Alexandr / Alexander (1870 - 1943) Armand - hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for the Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons', a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Vera / Wiera (1871 - 1942),
Nicholas (1872 - 1936) / Mikolaj Armand,
Vladimir (1874 - 1875),
Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920) that is Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons', chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Boris (1878 - 1920),
Sophia (1881 - 1941),
Sergei (1882 - 1945),
Barbara (1882 - 1966),
Vladimir (1885 - 1909) Armand who joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz helped finance party organizations; see: Inessa Armand and Lenin.

Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg 1906 - 1914,

Louis F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland,

Alexander E. Armand / Armand Alexandr, hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',

count Sergei von Gernet son of Pavel Gernet from Estland province, Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt' / society 'Bahmutskiy salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.',

Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo',

count Albert R. de Gern / Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company.

The Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank is a creditor of the company, in affairs which were also the Nobels - Joint Stock Company 'Dyuflon, Konstantinovich and Company' (Gindin, 1997, p. 125); Swiss citizen, Louis Edward Antone (Louis Franzevich) Dyuflon opened in St. Petersburg industrial business in 1892, when he founded a factory for manufacturing electrical equipment at the Apothekary island. Since 1896, the company was owned by a trading house (then a partnership) of 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz, Diserens / Dizeren and Co'. In 1901 it was transformed into 'Dyuflon, Constantinovich and Co.' - former, electromechanical - technical facilities of the Joint Stock Company, with a registered capital of 750 thousand rubles (1500 registered and bearer shares at 500 rubles). The Society was a production partner of the Ludvig Nobel Company, including participation in its shipbuilding activities (electrical supply), as it represented the interests of Russia in France: company Sautter, Harle et Co; by 1909, the company amounted to 548,956 rubles, including the manufacture of electric motors and appliances of 327 thousand rubles, from production winders - 101 thousand rubles. On the eve of World War I, the company met with the participation in the production of electrical equipment for construction a submarine. In 1912 the plant produced its first high frequency machine for wireless telegraphy and telephony. Also made ​​of an electric pumps, fans, general-purpose motors, refrigerations. By 1913, the share capital was increased to 1.5 million rubles (1,500 shares of 500 rubles. And 7500 of 100 rubles). Assets - 4,181,995 rubles; dividend of 12% per share of 500 rubles and 3 % per share of 100 rubles. The Board consists of E. E. Armand (chairman), L. F. Dyuflon (from 1908 lived in Switzerland), A. E. Armand, S. P. Gernet, E. I. Ramsayer (a board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank) and K. F. Masson. On the eve of World War I he gave way to the director's place for L. L. Nobel, who became the representative of the interests of the family in the society. It is noteworthy that by the time E. L. Nobel became a shareholder and board member of another major company producing military products - the Company for the manufacture and sale of gunpowder, dynamite - B. I. Winner. This company will take part in the manufacture of weapons for underwater vessels. We are talking about the financial support of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank for building of ships in Revel, diesel engines, mine arms (Lessner and B. I. Winner), electrotechnic (Company Dyuflon, Constantinovich & Co.) and hydraulic (Phoenix) equipment. Noblessner as the central group of 15 individuals and legal persons owning 30 thousand shares (3 million rubles), that is: 1. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank introduced 10 thousand, 2. chairman Я. И. Утин / Y. I. Utin - 3 thousand, 3. Э. И. Рамсайер / E. I. Ramseyer (member of the Board) - 3 thousand, 4. E. L. Nobel - three thousand, 5. A. Bachmanew - 2400, and 6. others: L. L. Nobel - 1000.

Masson Ph. Charles / CHARLE Masson son of Philiberte / Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert (name Masse by Russian language) was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow).

His father:
Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert, born 1806 in Auxonne and died 1860 in Paris, is a French physicist; "...he was responsible for the invention of the induction coil (with Louis Breguet) that bears Ruhmkorff's name. He realized tests telegraph transmission in ... Caen (in 1831, after a year of teaching mathematics at Montpellier, he moved to Caen, where he taught physical sciences at the College Royal until 1839; unaware of the discoveries of Joseph Henry or William Jenkins, Masson in 1834 observed independently the self-induction of a voltaic circuit; he described his investigation of this phenomenon and, ... demonstrated the tetanic effect of a series of rapidly repeated self-induced currents; ... Masson constructed some of the earliest induction coils). His research and publications cover areas as diverse as photometry, induction, the movement of fluids ... Antoine MASSON is the descendant of a family of cloth merchants from Burgundy. His father, Pierre Antoine Masson Fourth (the name of his wife) had studied pharmacy ... and will move to Dijon when the young Antoine just 6 years. ...In 1839, he was appointed professor of physics at the ... Ecole Centrale de Paris. With Breguet, it carries an electric telegraph in 1838 and in 1841, the first inductor to study electrical discharges in rarefied gases (in 1841, together with Louis Breguet, he described a high-tension induction coil of the type Ruhmkorff subsequently perfected ... in 1836 successfully defended a doctoral thesis elaborating Ampere's work in electrodynamics, Masson had returned to Paris and from 1841 taught physics at the Lycee Louis-le-Grand and at the Ecole Centrale ... until his death in 1860). Thereafter, the coil will keep the name Ruhmkorff coil... Masson ... establish the theory of wind instruments ("...between 1844 and 1854 he conducted an intensive investigation of the spark produced by electrical discharges through various media; ... with L. Courtepee and J. C. Jamin, he also examined ... the absorption of radiant heat and light by different substances ... he investigated aspects of electrical telegraphy, acoustics, the elasticity of solid bodies, and the discharge of induction coils through partial vacuums, as well as related chemical and physical problems").
... biography of MASSON family.
In 1830, Victor, cousin of Anthony, goes to PARIS ... publish several technical books and ... Victor Masson became the founder of Editions Masson...".

Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel), Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935, hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

Descendants of Immanuel Nobel, the younger b. 1801 and Andriette Ahlsell: Robert Nobel b. 1829, Alfred Nobel b. 1833 - the inventor of dynamite, instituted the Nobel Prizes, Emil Oskar Nobel and Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831 - is buried in the Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Descendants of Ludvig and Mina Nobel: Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 d. 1932 (Branobel's second president and being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1), Carl Nobel b. 1862;
and descendants of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Esther Wilhelmina Olsen-Nobel, Ludvig Alfred (Lullu) Nobel b. 1874 (Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company), Ingrid Hildegard Nobel-Ahlqvist b. 1879, Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff b. 1881, Rolf Nobel, Emil Waldemar Ludvig Nobel and last Gustaf Oscar Ludvig.

Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway,

Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki.

And others top members of the 'Duflon...':
Azbelev Peter Pavlovich, b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, a retired major-general of the Russian fleet, P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt',
Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916),
Valentin Petrovich Vologdin, 1881 - 1953, Valentin Petrovich was working as technical director of 'Duflon...',
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling, elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.

Source: 'amburger' domain:
Sergius Gernet Pavlovič, b. 12.12.1859 / 24.12.1859 in Narva, Russia; education: a Seeschool, from 15 September 1875, Guard Marin Fleet from 05 January 1879; a training from 28 January 1884, merchant navy 20 October 1886, reserve 02 December 1890 as Kptn. 2 class, occupation: 'Gov. Duflon and Konstantinovič and Co.' 1912; ownership, owner of 'Tudor' Factory in Petersburg 1897; 30 August 1880 'micman', from 01/01/1885 Lieutenant, from 02/12/1890 Cptn 2 Class,

Louis Duflon Francov. born in Villeneuve, died 1930; wife Duflon, Marie Josephine. Top member of the Duflon and Konstantinovič Comp., from Swiss, Vaud district; mathematicians and ownership of the 'Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co. Mechan. Workshop', Saint Petersburg from 1893, owner of factory 08/06/1901 (Rauber, industry).

In Villeneuve we have personalities of:

doctor Gondaux Robert Henri (1854-1905),
engineer Louis Duflon in Villeneuve from 1916 to 1925,
Francois Isabel (1859-1936), teacher; Professor Gabriel Chamorel,
Mr. Frederic Gilliard, architect,
Budry Paul and Pastor Robert Chappuis.

Mentioned above Frédéric Gilliard was born in Sion on June 18, 1884. He received his degree in Zurich in 1909. After in Paris, an architect in Lausanne in 1913, associated with the architect Frederic Godet (1885-1937) (Office of Gilliard); in Prélaz (1921) and Ouchy (1923), around 1930 he made archaeological excavations in Vidy, numerous committees of Historic Buildings, Cathedral, Castle of Chillon, etc.

Please look at http://www.konstantynowicz.info/intelligence/part_1/index.html

Edward Duflon / Eduard, from Swiss; owner of Duflon, Konstantinovič & Company Mechan. Workshop 1895 in Saint Petersburg. Acc. to 'amburger' we have two different figures with last name Duflon.

Emil Ramseyer Iv., born 1863 and died 1925; from Swiss, Bern, occupation: 'Gov. Peter. Loan (Učetnyj i Ssudnyj Bank) Bank' in 1917; Chrm. of the 'Atlas Petrograd'; top member of the 'Deka' that is Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co.; top member of "Volta" and Oil N. Hartmann.

The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel, close to border on France, and area north of Lausanne and Neuchatel: La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. It is located few kilometres south of the French border. Its growth and prosperity is mainly bound up with the watch making industry. It is the most important centre of the watch making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley. Completely destroyed by a fire in 1794; from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel.

Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon and Duflon J.-F., landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Acc. to A. SAUTER, 'RELIEUR...', ed. NEUCHATEL and Geneve, 1899: Valais, ...societe evalaisanne des Sciences naturelles, Vice-President: M. Emile Burnat, a Nant-sur-Vevey, M. Wilczek from Lausanne and M. F. Duflon from Villeneuve.

Acc. to: The Electrician, October 16, 1885:
"...Copper and bronzes prepared under such conditions are much used for aerial telegraph and telephone lines... A Wheatstone bridge, a differential galvanometer, a battery of four cups, and a contact key complete the apparatus. ... And made upon a great number a specimens, were made in part by the writer at the workshop at Angouleme with the assistance of Messrs. X. Muller and J. Stahl, engineers of the establishment, and partly by M. Duflon, electrical engineer in the measuring room of M. Sciami, director of the Maison Breguet. These latter experiments were those made upon the bars themselves. ... Their conductivities compared with silver and pure copper are given in the ... table: silver...".

Emmanuel Nobel / Immanuel the younger b. 1801 died 1872, the inventor of underwater mines. In 1842 - 1859 he lived in St. Petersburg, where he founded a mechanical plant. Robert E. Nobel (1829 - 1896) was born in Sweden but his mother came to St. Petersburg and since 1850 he has worked at the factory of his father, after worked for many years in companies that founded together with his brothers: Alfred Bernhard Nobel b. 1833, founder of the Nobel Prizes - in Russia became acquainted with the works of Zinin and V. F. Petrushevskii / Pietruszewski in chemical engineering nitroglycerin. Ludvig Nobel b. 1831 died 1888, member of the Russian Technical Society, in St. Petersburg acted for 'Ludwig Nobel' / 'Russian diesel', in 1876 he founded with brothers Robert and Alfred and with his sons:
Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and
Carl:
Oil Industry Company / Branobel / Tovarichtchestvo Nephtanavo Proisvodtsva Bratiev Nobel in Baku. He moved with his mother Andriette and brothers Robert and Alfred to St Petersburg in 1842 where his father Immanuel had set up a factory. He bought his own smaller factory that he called the 'Machine-Building Factory Ludvig Nobel'. There, he made cannons, gun carriages, underwater mines and artillery missiles, machine tools, hydraulic presses. Together with Russian Major General Peter A. Bilderling and his brother, he built up a model factory in Izhevsk in the Urals. Ludvig and his son Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, visited Baku in 1876. In 1879, the 'Naftaproduktionsaktiebolaget Bröderna Nobel', shortened to Branobel, was formed in St. Petersburg.

Above Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831, was an engineer, m. 1st. time in 1858 to Mina Ahlsell and 2nd time in 1871. Ludvig ran the company with his sons Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl. His first and illegitimate child, Hjalmar Crusell, was head of a laboratory and the closest person in St Petersburg.
Most of the people in the managerial staff were Swedes, but was also a man from Norway, Hans Olsen who came to Kronstadt to work in 1880 and met Ludvig Nobel's sons, Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl, in the Russian capital.

Second person Michael Belyamin, born in 1831 worked with Ludvig Nobel as an engineer with management responsibilities. In 1880 he was elected as a member of the Supervisory Board of the company to 1899. His son, Michael Belyamin jr, was a mining engineer and lived in St. Petersburg until 1919. Above named Peter Bilderling, born in 1844 was from a Courlandish noble family, was promoted to the rank of major general. He was one of the members of the Branobel administration from 1885 and one of the members of the Supervisory Board of the company until he died. Ludvig’s first child was born out of wedlock in 1856. His name was Hjalmar Crusell. Ludvig married his cousin Wilhelmina Mina Ahlsell who died in 1869. Together they had the children Emanuel, born in 1859, Carl in 1862 and Anna in 1866. Ludvig later married Edla Colin and they had seven children: Mina born in 1873, Ludvig in 1874 that is Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel (1874 - 1935) was married 1901 to Mary Minnie Johnson b. 1876, Ingrid in 1879, Marta in 1881, Rolf in 1882, Emil in 1885 and Gosta in 1886. Above Emmanuel Nobel Jr. b. 1859 in 1888 - 1917 headed the company 'Ludwig Nobel' and other enterprises and he played an important role in business organizations in Russia. In early 1918, went to Sweden.

Ludwig Nobel and then his son Emmanuel, who skillfully managed the 'Branobel' till 1920, when Bolshevik Red Army invaded in Baku and nationalized the oil industry, considered Baku (Villa Petrolea) as their second home.

All above data according to http://www.branobelhistory.com/themes/the-nobel-brothers/ludvig-nobel-enters-the-fight-for-oil/ by editor@branobelhistory.com. Under copyright with statement: 'Use of Content from this Website. The Centre for Business History in Stockholm (CBHS) provides the content on this website. The CBHS invites visitors to use its online content for personal, educational and other non-commercial purposes. By using the Branobel History Website, you accept and agree to abide by the following terms...'.

Institutionalization of interest in the structure of the authorized capital of the Noblessner as the central group was as following: from 15 individuals and legal persons owning 30 thousand shares (3 million rubles) 1. the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank - 10 thousand shares, 2. Я. И. Утин / Y. I. Utin - 3 thousand, 3. Э. И. Рамсайер / E. I. Ramseyer (a member of the Board) - 3 thousand, 4. E. L. Nobel / Э. Л. Нобель - three thousand, 5. А. А. Бачманов / A. Bachmanov - - 2400, 6. Г. И. Кольц / G. I. Kolc - 2400, 7. М. С. Плотников / M. S. Plotnikov - 1200, L. L. Nobel - 1000. The structure of the new company: Э. Л. Нобель (E. L. Nobel - director) and М. И. Шишмарев / M. I. Shishmarev - Ph. D.; from the JSC Loessner / Lessner - M. S. Plotnikov, (director) and A. Bachmanov; M. S. Plotnikov continued be a technical director and assistant direktor of the JSC G. A. Lessner; A. A. Bachmanov / Batshmanov served as a board member and managing director of the JSC G. A. Lessner. As an independent director of the Noblessner was elected nobleman A. Shaub / A. Schaub / А. В. Шауб, co-owner of two St. Petersburg industrial enterprises, acc. to: M. N. Baryshnikov, Noblessner: Formation of Financial and Industrial Group in St. Petersburg in the Early Twentieth Century, ed. 2013 - this article is devoted to the research of the formation of financial and industrial group Nobel-Lessner in St. Petersburg in the early twentieth century. It should be noted that for the Nobel interest is important activities of his brother (cousin acc. to me) - Gustav Schaub, owner of the mechanical production company in Estonia and director of the Society Volta in Revel (company, also co-operated with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, specialised in the production of dynamo maschines and electricity motors, and in 1917 its authorized capital amounted to 2,000,000 rubles) and Director of the Company called Karl Winkler in St. Petersburg. Society Volta supplied also the plant Noblessner in Revel / Tallinn.

Василий Васильевич Шауб / Wilhelm Schaub / Wilhelm Johann-Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub, 1861 - 1934. Vasily Schaub / Wilhelm Johann Christian, Russian architect, also being built in Moscow, Saratov, Yekaterinburg. Son of Василии Иванович Шауб (1834 in Göttingen, d. 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia) / Wilhelm Karl Albert Emil Schaub. Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony. Grandson of Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub (b. ca 1800 ?). Wilhelm Johann Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub was father of Woldemar Schaub and Gustav Schaub. Brother of Amalia Marie Julie Wasmer (1862 Petersburg - 1935 Berlin, wife of Richard Julius Wasmer); Alexander Schaub (1866 - 1934, husband of Emma, father of Boris Schaub; Wera Kudrevich / Wiera Kudrewicz and Alexander Schaub junior) and Heinrich Wilhelm Schaub. All above data acc. to Karin Lindsalu Heermeyer at geni.com, his mother Julia Maria Schaub nee Zeh. Above Gustav Schaub, b. ca 1885? husband of Sophie, father of Sophie younger. Brother of Woldemar Schaub who was husband of Waleska Schaub / NN nee Walewska?

The Schaub family also from Geneve, Suisse. And Bâle / Basel, canton de Bâle-Ville. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel, his father, imperial notary; Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Corbham, British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy. SCHAUB, from Neuchâtel, 1868. Lina Schaub / Schwab, 1901 and was living in Bristol, England, but was born in canton de Neuchatel and married John Sidney Milton. It is believed that they died in Bern in the early 1900's; may have been living later in Canton de Friborg.
Schaub William Charles Schaub, b. ca 1812, Hessen-Kassel. His parents were Swiss: Frédéric Schaub and Marie Jeanne Oranthe, from Eptingen (Switzerland - Switzerland north, close to Basel and Olten).
Benjamin Schaub from Neuchâtel;
at present Hans-Rudolf Schaub has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of BNP (Suisse) SA, one of the four BNP Paribas Group companies. Hans-Rudolf Schaub, b. in Basel; 2001 has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of BNP (Suisse) SA, 2006 in Geneve.
Daniel Schaub of Credit Suisse Group AG.
Pierre Schaub from Suisse.
SCHAUB 1889 in the Canton of Basel, Switzerland.
SCHAUB 1862 in Freiburg / Fribourg, Switzerland.
Anna Barbara Schaub, whose parents were born in Switzerland, Barbara born 1832 in Buffalo, NY. Anna Schaub born in Wittinsburg, Baselland, relatives Jacob Schaub (b. 1680). Agnes Schaub circa 1693 from Unterschlatt, Thurgau, Switzerland. Dath in 1892 in Switzerland - Alexander Schaub. Niederhallwil, Aargau, Switzerland: SCHAUB, Jakob 1851, SCHAUB in 1877 m. Louise URECH; SCHAUB Willy 1915; 1855 on SCHAUB Jakob. Frederic SCHAUB born Mellinghen, emmigré in northern France and married Marie Louise Barbet, parents were Swiss, he was born in 1757 in the Swiss canton of Basel; married in 1784 in CALAIS parish with BARBET Marie Louise. Suzanne Jean SCHAUB lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866. In Concise, Vaud, close to Grandson, Cortaillod, south-west of Neuchatel; north of Lausanne, ca 45 km. SCHAUB Frederick was born in 1757 in the Swiss canton, Ormalingen - south-east of Basel. Caroline SCHAUB Vienet daughter Suzanne and John SCHAUB, she died in 1894 in CONCISE. F. Vilboux - SCHAUB. Suzanne Vienet - SCHAUB of CONCISE. HENRI Vienet lived in the 1930s in the Vaud, Démoret in the canton of Vaud - ca 30 km north of Lausanne and Cully, 9 km north of Moudon. Louise Suzanne SCHAUB and James Andrews, live in Canada (Vancouver). Next of kin with Sauer family. Basel is the third largest city in Switzerland and capital of the canton of Basel-Stadt. Above named Sir Luke (Lucas) Schaub, born in Basel on 1 May 1690 and died in London.

L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne. The Schaub family (see: Tallinn Volta, Urban, and loan bank in St Petersburg with the Nobels, near by the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Stock Society in Petersburg, Zaporoze and Moscow) in the Vaud province in Switzerland in 19th cent.: 1. Concise north-west shore of Lac de Neuchatel and south-west of Neuchatel, ca 15 km north of Démoret, Vaud, Suisse (2. Démoret, Vaud, Suisse is located 12 km north of Mouden); 3. Neuchatel.
Chavornay is located ca 27 km north of Lausanne. Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 or Henri DUFLON m. in 1888 to Céline CHOLLET. Céline CHOLLET b. 1868 in Cully, Vaud, (Cully, 9 km east of Lausanne / Lozanna) Suisse.
Key note!
Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

Above Major General Peter A. von Bilderling co-operated with Alfred Nobel, Robert Nobel, I. J. Zabelsky / Zabielski, Baron Alexandre von Bilderling, Fritz Blumberg, Michel Beliamin, A. S. Sundgren and Benno Wunderlich. Baron Peter von Bilderling born in St. Petersburg in 1844 - died at Zapolie in 1900 close to Luga, was an engineer and engineering officer of the Russian Imperial Army. He is the brother of Baron Alexander von Bilderling, the general who participated in the Russo-Japanese War. From a noble family originally German - Baltic but Orthodox, his father Alexander Grigoryevich Otto Hermann von Bilderling was lieutenant general in Engineering Corps. His grandfather George Sigismund von Bilterlings in Mitau in Courland / Jelgava in Latvia. His mother was descended from a family of Polish nobility untitled, the Doliwo - Dobrowolski / Dobrowolski with coat of arms Doliwa. Died September 25, 1900 at his home in Zapolie near Luga, where he is buried, a major in 1861 after the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy with 1st class, the Guard of the Grand Duke Nicolas, He served at the Caucasus. He was married twice 1. Sofia Vladimirovna Westman and 2nd to Natalia Alexandrovna Barantzov. His descendants migrated to Cannes and Nice. In 1872 he signed an agreement with Ludvig Nobel providing machine tools. His sons Vladimir and Peter Alexander or George and Peter, daughter Baroness Natalia Petrovna Bilderling. Well-known electrical engineer Mikhail Dolivo - Dobrovolsky Osipovich was his cousin: Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski / Michael Osipovich / Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo Dobrovolsky b. 1861 / 1862, Gatchina, Russian electrical engineer of Polish descent, in a large noble family.
Michael was the oldest child.
Grandfather Florian b. 1776 came from Poland to St. Petersburg. Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski completed the Riga Polytechnic Institute, Darmstadt Higher Technical School, where opened electrical laboratory with special attention to the electrochemistry, the preparation of aluminum. Dolivo - Dobrovolsky invited to join the firm AEG (Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gesellschaft), where in 1909 he was appointed director and served in that capacity until his death, made the induction motor, a rotor with windings in the form of a squirrel cage, 1889 was built
(after Nikola Tesla -
Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikola Tesla b. 1856, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, the designer of the modern alternating current electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering, 1884 worked for Thomas Edison. His patented induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, he is known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York, the invention of radio communication, for his X-ray experiments, and for his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission - and G. Ferraris)
three-phase induction motor capacity of about 100 watts and generators; built the electrical system for the transmission of three-phase of 8500 V, the three-phase transformer, small hydro power plant with three-phase synchronous generator. Acted in St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, which opened in 1899, after 1914 moved to Switzerland. In 1918, he again went to Berlin.
And few different details: Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski, the main engineer of Berlin company AEG, for the development of a three-phase system. Invented the three-phase squirrel cage motor. Born January 2, 1862 / December 21, 1861 in Gatchina, near to St. Petersburg. Son of Joseph Dobrowolski, grandson of Florian Dobrowolski. Great-grandson of Joseph Doliwo-Dobrovolsky born about 1750 in the Mscislaw province of Poland.

DOLIWA coat of arms to the Doliwo-Dobrowolski family in the 1st half of the 19 century from Russian hands. This family lived in the Borisov district, village Малое Стахово / Maloye Stahovo, Bielaja Luza in Zodinsk / Zodino area / Жодино, Zodino / Shodino in the Minsk government; Doliwa-Dobrowolski also in Berezyna in 1864; at the beginning of the 20th century in Sienno in Vicebsk / Witebsk area - village Kokovtsino / Kokowczino / Коковчино and Papino 18 km of Bogushevsk / Богушевск. Добровольски / Dobrowolski in Chausy / Tshausy / Czausy district, the Mohilev government, Proskowia Dobrowolski daughter of Zachary Dobrowolski m. Prokopovich, born 1913 with brother Aleksander Dobrowolski or Aleksiej b. 1916.

Zachar Dobrowolski coat of arms Doliwa, lived in village Novosielki, 2 km west of Golovientsitsy (Головенчицкая волость), 14 km west-south Chausy / Czausy, south-east of Mogilev and village Smolki / Smolka / Смолка 13 km west of Novosielki.

See on the Brujewicz family!
Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail Boncz Brujewicz b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij: Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, married in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak.

Above named Michael's Dobrowolski mother Olga is a daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn. Between 1862 to 1872 Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski lived in Gatchina. 1872 to 1878 Odessa. 1878 - 1880 Department of Chemistry, Riga Polytechnical Institute, where he teaches in German, but were many Poles. 1881 to 1883 in St. Petersburg, Odessa, Novorossiysk. He has been worked at the Widder plant in St. Petersburg. 1883 Hesse in Germany. Here to 1884. Again in 1887 in Odessa. 1887 - 1903 worked for Emil Rathenau - AEG.
1903 - 1907 Lausanne.
1907 Berlin: electric motors, electric power consumption meter. According to the professors Krolikowski Lech and Zbigniew Woyndrowski, he came from a noble family Doliwa Dobrowolski, of the Mscislaw province, from the region of Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1772 in Russia, as the governorate Mogilev. Florian Dobrowolski born 1776 died in 1852, the son of Joseph Dobrowolski coat Doliwa, born about 1750; Florian's wife Maria Szaltuch, a daughter of Fyodor Szaltuch.

Florian Dobrowolski served in the Russian Army. 1822 - 1824 lives in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1799 verified nobility in Mogilev. It is then an inspector of the military field post, as well as the police chief in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1812 - 1814 the Napoleonic Wars, 1814 siege of Paris. Florian had 9 children. The youngest son is Joseph Dobrowolski. Joseph has the son Michael Doliwo-Dobrowolski. Joseph was born in August 1824 in St. Petersburg. 1854 to 1855 the Crimean War, he served in the Russian Army in the rank of colonel. Director of the Institute for Orphans in Gatchina near Petersburg. Married to Olga Jewrejn, daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn.

In 1918

Abram Ioffe

[b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked:

B. P. Konstantynowicz,

I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov,

Lev Landau [son of David Laundau, born 1908 in Baku; his father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],

P. L. Kapitsa [Piotr = Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see: http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504

  - and

Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see: http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s.

  The grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on

Electromechanics Department;

he remained there as a lecturer until 1921; he went to England and there he worked with Ernest Rutherford; in 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union] and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves] - see http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html.

The foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation,  1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b. 1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too.

The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sergei Pietrovich Kapitsa

b. February 14, 1928 in Cambridge, Soviet and Russian physicist, the son of the Nobel Prize Kapitza /

П. Л. Капица, grandson of A. N. Krylov / А. Н. Крылов, the Russian mathematician and shipbuilder, and the great-nephew of the famous French biochemist Henry Victor / Victor Henri, Krylov - on his mother side, Anna Alekseevna. The great-grandson of a geographer И. И. Стебницки / I. I. Stebnicki that is Ierome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki, the elder brother of А. П. Капицa / A. P. Kapitsa.

  Father - Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa - the famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, mother - Anna A. Krylov, the daughter of Alexei Krylov, Russian ship builder, an expert in the field of mechanics, mathematics. Above named Krylov, Alexey / Крылов, Алексей Николаевич / Alexei Krylov b. in August 1863, 1878 he entered the Naval Academy, he graduated with honors in 1884, worked in the Hydrographic Office of P. Kolong, study of the magnetic deviation, in 1887 Krylov moved to (since 1892 the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company in St Petersburg; before 1892 Duflon acted in the Breguet Company in Petersburg owned by the Brown family from London) the Franco - Russian plant, and then continued his studies at the shipbuilding department of the Nicholas Naval Academy. 1890 he remained at the Academy. According to the memoirs of Krylov, since 1887, his specialty was ship-building, the application of mathematics to various issues of maritime affairs and expanded the theory of William Froude, 1896 he was elected a member of the British Society of Naval Architects, proposed the gyroscopic damping roll. His daughter Anna, became the wife of Kapitza. Since 1900, Krylov cooperates with Stepan Osipovich Makarov, Admiral and scientist and shipbuilder.

Acc. to an Academician A. N. Krylov / Kriloff, 'My memories' on Stepan Karlovic Drzewiecki:
It was a talented engineer and inventor, with whom Krylov was friendly to April 1938.
He knew Drzewiecki in November 1878, at age 15, being at the Naval College (Admiral Gregory I. Butakov died in the summer of 1882, as a teacher of the fleet, with an architect I. G. Bubnov and Captain 2nd rank M. N. Beklemishev, cooperated on the project of submarine 'Dolphi').
Krylov met Drzewiecki many times in the technical society. In January 1886 was organized the first Electrical Exhibition. At this exhibition participated main hydrographic office, with the last sample of a compass 'de Kolong' and also participated a Parisian firm 'Breguet', with two instruments invented by the French Navy admiral Fournier: among others dromoskop. I. A. Shestakov and Main Hydrographic office was instructed to investigate these devices (I. P. de Kolong, Lieutenant N. M. Yakovlev and Krylov who met Drzewiecki). This work was later published in 'Sea collection'.

Krylov soon teamed up with the Petersburg department of the company 'Breguet', on dromoskop. Krylov then met with the engineer Dyuflon, a representative of 'Breguet', Swiss, friend of Drzewiecki.

Drzewiecki occupied a luxury apartment of the house No 6 Admiralty Street. In the evenings, guests of Drzewiecki were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon and botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky and the Serbian Prince Karageorgievich,
who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion, mainly for scientific or technical topics, flying airplanes on a theory of Drzewiecki (in April 1884 he published it and the chief inspector Rear Admiral Loschinsky invited Krylov to resolve this issue). Drzewiecki acc. to his friend from Moscow, Goujon (remembering on the later system of J. Roy / Rey) and Dyuflon / Duflon, was noble, of an ancient clan of Poles, who owned large estates in the Volyn province, land in Odessa, orchard houses in Warsaw, etc. Drzewiecki had an extensive knowledge of the St. Petersburg nobility. His parents were living in Paris, where he was educated at home, at the Lycee St. Barbe, and the Central Engineering College. Among his companions was Eifel (aerodynamic research).
In 1873, Drzewiecki was at Vienna World Exhibition. When Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg, he turned to the famous Brouwer, at the Pulkovo Observatory and to the War Minister P. S. Rakovsky (construction of 50 boats, with the payment of 100.000 rubles for Drzewiecki). Drzewiecki, received one hundred thousand, and went to Italy.

Summer 1886 Drzewiecki went to Turkestan, to General Annenkov (the Trans-Caspian railway from Krasnovodsk to Samarkand with a huge bridge across the Amu Darya in Chardzhui).
The following summer, he went to Egypt, to Aswan. 1887 he calls Krylov to show a sketch of a submarine and gone to Grand Duke General Admiral Alexei Alexandrovich with this project to develop a submarine.
In 1888 Krylov was enrolled at the Shipbuilding Division of the Naval Academy, graduated it in 1890. At this time, Drzewiecki went to Paris. 1892 met with Krylov, on the development of the submarine, and together come to Paris. The Marine Technical Committee (boat steam engines, internal combustion engines, and then diesels) cooperated with Drzewiecki because he had an extensive knowledge of French naval engineers and brought Krylov into this world. In 1897 Drzewiecki invented a special type of destroyer for the Naval Ministry, and again asked Krylov to work with him in Paris. The project was adopted by the Technical Committee. In 1892 was the Dreyfus affair and Drzewiecki was not at home, back to St. Petersburg. Around 1905 Drzewiecki developed an original theory of propellers. 1909 to 1914 every time Krylov visited Drzewiecki in Paris, last time met with him 1925 to 1927, when Krylov was abroad for 'Neftesindikat' and 'Soviet oil'. Drzewiecki died in April 1938.
Above

Jerome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki born on 12 December 1832 in the province of Volyn, Polish engineer, cartographer and infantry general of the Russian Empire. He graduated in 1852, serve in the General Staff, since 1860 worked at the Caucasus and the Caspian region, left a description of triangulation Caucasus mountains, 1866 the head of the Military Division on the topographic of General Staff of the Russian Empire, 1867 head of the Caucasus Department, grandfather of Peter Kapitza. He made the first detailed maps of the Caucasus, after Joseph Chodzko, acc. to http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronim_Stebnicki.

  The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the largest research institutes in Russia, founded by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe in September 29, 1918. Located in St. Petersburg. Director of the Radium Institute was В. И. Вернадский / V. I. Vernadskij, his deputy - V. G. Hlopin. Director of the Institute 1957 - 1967 - Б. П. Константинов / Konstantinov B. P. acc. to Russian sources, but a US research show name Konstantinovich B. P. - acc. to:
Research Database, Bibliographies & Essays, Resources, HSS Publications, Committee on Education. "An interesting attempt to compare Soviet and Western research in high-energy physics is John Irvine and Ben R. Martin, 'Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High-Energy Physics Accelerators,' Social Studies of Science, 1985, 5(2): 293-341". History of Science Society: 440 Geddes Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, 574.631.1194, 574.631.1533 Fax, Info@hssonline.org.
After him in 1967-1987 was Tuczkiewicz / Tuchkevich.

Acc. to:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioffe_Institute we read "...Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics...". This Wikipedia page intentionally omits Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov name in the list of scientists of the Institute. And "...Abram Ioffe was born in the Ukraine in 1880. After graduating from St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902, Ioffe went to Munich, Germany, where he worked under Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Ioffe earned his doctorate in physics in 1905. In 1906, Ioffe returned to St. Petersburg where he worked in the Polytechnical Institute. ... Several times he demonstrated his loyalty to Russia by turning down offers of academic positions in Munich and later, in Berkeley, California. He briefly left Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1918, but he soon returned and helped build up the Physico-Technical Institute. He traveled to Western Europe in 1921, collecting books, journals, and equipment for the institute. He served as director of the Physico-Technical Institute from 1923 to 1953. ... Igor V. Kurchatov, who was later put in charge of the project to build the Soviet atomic bomb, studied at Ioffe's institute during the 1930s, and Ioffe recommended Kurchatov for the position to head the nuclear project". Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Above Владимир Вернадский / Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. 1863, St. Petersburg and died on January 6, 1945 in Moscow. His father, Ivan, according to family legend, was a descendant of Cossacks. Before moving to St. Petersburg, he was Professor of Economics in Kiev. In St. Petersburg, he served as a privy councilor. His mother, Anna Petrovna nee Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich, was a Polish noblewoman. Vladimir Vernadsky was a cousin of the Russian writer Vladimir Korolenko. Above named Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich or Borys Konstantinovich / Borys Konstantynowicz son of Pawel Konstantynowicz, b. 1910 in St. Petersburg. Soviet physicist and Vice - President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, 1888 went to St. Petersburg, mother - Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov, gave birth to eight sons and four daughters; Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school, where he studied until the end of 1917; In early 1918 the family moved to the home of parents in the village. In 1919 his father died. In the winter 1920 - 1921 he lived and studied in St. Petersburg. Autumn of 1924 the family moved to Leningrad. At this time, at the Physico-Technical Institute worked older brother of Boris -

Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov (1895 - 1945, repressioned, was posthumously rehabilitated) or maybe Aleksander Konstantynowicz, who became one of the largest radio technicians, radiophysicist and create a variety of radio-electronic equipment (with Bonch - Bruevich) and contributed to the development of television - suggested a way to narrow band television signals, has developed a mosaic photocathodes for the television camera tubes of the 1930s television transmission. He was a member of the laboratory of L. S. Theremin / Л. С. Термен: an alarm systems of banks and museums. A. Konstantinov was an electrician in this protective system - 1909. In 1924 he created the radio-electronic equipment to determine the difference in longitude of Greenwich and Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, in 1928 to 1930 with his brother has developed radio - protective signaling processes of government vaults. They invented electric seismographs have been used successfully for mineral exploration.
He studied at the Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute 1926 - 1929 and was expelled from this Polytechnic after fourth years for
the non-proletarian origin,
but was able to continue working in science through the application of Ioffe. He worked as a laboratory assistant, senior laboratory assistant at the Physical - Technical Institute, 1935 - 1937 in the department of electro - acoustics of the Leningrad Institute, (in 1937 Konstantinov Aleksandr Pavlovich was wrongly arrested and died in the dungeons of the NKVD) but 1937 - 1940 he headed a laboratory of the Research Institute of the music industry and acoustics for the needs of defense - but we need check this data.

His brother Boris Pavlovich Konstantinovich or Konstantinov was born in St. Petersburg in 1910, acc. to his autobiography, written an excellent literary language. In 1924 Konstantinov moved to Leningrad, because at the State Physical - Technical Institute of the X-ray worked his older brother, Alexander P. Konstantinov. Since 1927 he started working at the laboratory of D. A. Rozhanski as a physicist and was student of Physics and Mechanics Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.

A few details on Boris Konstantinov / Konstantinovich:
Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich or Konstantinovich B. P. born on 23 June / 6 July 1910 in St. Petersburg and died July 1969. In 1927-35 and since 1940 has worked in the Physical - Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957-67 director, in 1937-40 at the Research Institute of the music industry (like his brother?!). "In the 90's of last century, was opened part of the work on the nuclear problem, and as a result over the past half ten years, there are many books and publications devoted to the development of research on the nuclear problem in the USSR and Russia... There was a series of films about the secret physicists ... I. V. Kurchatov, Y. B. Chariton, Ya. Zel'dovich, A. D. Sakharov, I. E. Tamm, V. L. Ginzburg and others in the work on the atomic problem, but the role of B. P. Konstantinov reflected very sparingly. This is despite the fact that over the carried out his work, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, was elected to the Academy and became director Physico - Technical Institute, vice - president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is named after him the Institute of Nuclear Physics Gatchina and the largest chemical plant in Kirov...".
"...B. P. Konstantinov is one of the founders of the school of nuclear physicists. In 1945, the Physics and Mechanics Department opened the country's first training in the Department of Nuclear Physics (Department of Technical Physics). The first head of the department was A. F. Ioffe, but after 2 years it was headed by B. P. Konstantinov, who since 1945 has combined his academic work at PTI with teaching at the LPI...".
"The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) is one of four nuclear physics centers within the National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' / NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'. PNPI bears the name of Academician B. P. Konstantinov ... Director of the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Academy of Sciences...".

At the beginning in accordance with the Decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1942 which was composed of the Commissariat of Communications was formed Military restorative management for all military telephones and telegraphs and broadcasting units, radio and postal enterprises on the territory liberated from the German. B. P. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz Borys / Konstantinov was working for this management (at the Petersburg Nuclear Institut as Head of Laboratory 1943 - 1957, for the Federal Agency for Special Construction / Spetsstroy Russia). 1951 established the Office building number 565 as a part of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - successor of the General Directorate of Special Construction. In 1953 in Leningrad was organized management for the construction of the air defense system. "Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy Russia) - the federal executive body for the promotion of national defense and security organization works in the field of special construction, road building and communication engineering by military units and road-building military units of the Federal Agency for Special Construction".

References, acc. to 'Russian & Soviet Science and Technology' by Loren R. Graham, History of Science Society Newsletter, Volume 18 No. 4 (Supplement 1989):
"...An interesting article on the growth of scientific personnel in the USSR, portraying the Soviet overtaking of the United States in the number of research workers, is Louvan Nolting and Murray Feshbach's, 'R and D Employment in the USSR', 'Science', 01 Feb. 1980, 207:493-503. Nolting has also published a series of reports (Foreign Economic Reports, Department of Commerce) on the structure and organization of Soviet science and technology. A recent and valuable analysis of the political role of Soviet science by Stephen Fortescue is 'The Communist Party and Soviet Science' (London: Macmillan, 1987). ... Peter Kneen's 'Soviet Scientists and the State' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1984). Works written by emigres who previously worked in the Soviet science establishment provide special insights; these include Mark Azbel, Refusenik: 'Trapped in the Soviet Union' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981); Mark Popovsky, 'Manipulated Science' (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979); and Vladimir Kresin, 'Soviet Science in Practice: An Insider's View,' in 'The Soviet Union Today', edited by James Cracraft (Chicago: 'Bulletin of Atomic Scientists', 1983). Three works treating Soviet industrial research from economic and political standpoints are Joseph Berliner, The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1976); Erik Hoffmann and Robbin Laird, Technocratic Socialism: 'The Soviet Union in the Advanced Industrial Era' (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1985); and Raymond Hutchings, 'Soviet Science: Technology and Design Interaction and Convergence' (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976). A topic of particular interest to American scholars who may wish to do research in the Soviet Union, no matter what the field, is the history of scholarly exchanges between the United States and the USSR. The most thoughtful analysis of the subject is by Linda Lubrano, 'National and International Politics in USA-USSR Scientific Cooperation,' Social Studies of Science 1981, 11:451-480. Also see Review of USA-USSR Interacademy Exchanges and Relations, Report of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington, D.C., 1977); and Yale Richmond, U.S. - Soviet Cultural Ex - changes 1958-1986: Who Wins? (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1987). ... Loren Graham, Program on Science, Technology and Society, Room E51-128, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. Russian-language films on the history of Russian and Soviet science can be purchased from Alexandre K. Surikov, President, All-Union Corporation 'Sovinfilm,' 20 Skatertny Per., Moscow 121069, USSR". This above data Š 1989 by the History of Science Society, All rights reserved.

Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Piotr Leonidovich Kapitsa - physicist, a researcher at low temperature physics.

Abram Fedorovich Joffe - physicist, moved to Munich, where he took a internship with Wilhelm Rontgen, he returned to St. Petersburg, was involved in nuclear physics and in the development of lasers.
Adam Gernet born on 7 August 1878 in Kiwidepah, Roethel, Laanermaa (Haapsalu), Estonia. An Adam von Gernet was involved in the study of magnetism; an infantry regiment in Dunaburg, escape across the German lines in March 1918, by John Hiden.

1912 

blimp1912

 Only five of airships had been built in Russia before 1914 and we exactly constructed (the fifth in order) to Russian Army in the plant of DEKA an airship named "Kobchik" type "Blimp" by S. A. Nemchenko as early as 1912 (with two engines 45 hp, and length 48 m; speed 50 km/h according to "Taschenbuch der Luftflotten", 1st Issue 1914, Vol. 1 "Airships" by F. Rasch and W. Hormel, published in Germany, worked out by Thomas Heinz  http://www.internetelite.ru/aircrafts/airships.html; the picture from: http://info.dolgopa.org).

Airship i.e. an "aircraft  that consists of a cigar-shaped gas bag, or envelope, filled with a lighter-than-air gas to provide lift, a propulsion system, a  steering mechanism, and a gondola accommodating passengers, crew, and cargo. (...) NON-RIGID airships, now commonly  known as blimps, are the most common type in use. The non-rigid airship has no frame and the envelope holds its shape due to  the pressurized lifting gas inside." The DEKA company owned an infrastructure for airships i.e. a  hangar, workshops and warehouses in St Petersburg before the First world war. War,  revolution and civil war interrupted further development until 1920, when the Soviets built their first small blimp. 

June, 1912: Vote of 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home); November, 1912: Military trials results: 1. Sikorsky in a "Sikorsky";  2. HABER in a "M. Farman"; 3. Boutmy (BUTMI) in a "Nieuport".  December, 1912: Aeronautical school re-organised; 15 pupils  per school at a time - course made seven months. A one month course in aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 to be  selected for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Tashkent  in TURKESTAN. Only in Army Aviation in March, 1913: new schools established at Moscow, Odessa and OMSK. At the end of 1913: the number of actual military pilots was 72. There was a  special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators; total to 108 in Russia. In Navy Aviation: July, 1912 - Lieut. ANDREADI, did a  flight from Sevastopol to Petersburg.

About above S. A. Nemchenko.
In the spring of 1906 the Wright brothers offered to the Russian Minister of War a flying machine created by them. Russian military department did not respond to the letter, however, in 1908 sent to France, where the Wright brothers opened Aircraft Company 'Ariel', two officers of the Training Aeronautic Park: - N. I. Uteshev and S. A. Nemchenko. Russian officers have studied the American airplane and have made test flights as passengers and wrote a negative review. According to them, the airplane Flyer-III for military purposes was no good. Should pay attention to the achievements of other designers, especially the French. On August 24, 1908 a Petersburg newspaper 'New time' informed on the Chief Engineer's Office organized in autumn 1909 international competition of airplanes with award of 50 thousand rubles but a place of the aerodrome was also not selected.

1912 
In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca'.

1914 

1912 -  1913 
In April 1913 DECA has entered into a cooperation agreement with the French radio company 'Societe francaise Radio-Electrique' (SFR) and became a branch of it in Russia.

'Radiolectric French Company' was one of the first radiotelegraphic companies, founded by Émile Girardeau in 1910

and it supported the production of the Radiola - radio receivers. 'Dyuflon and Konstantinowicz' has entered into a cooperation with 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris and also with a factory 'Gabriel and Anzeno' (Paul Lemonnier engineer, bacame a partner in the business of Sautter, at 26 Avenue Suffren in Paris 1867. Beginning in the 1860s Sautter started the study of the use of electricity. In 1869, Henri Harle who had married into the Dolfuss family, started as an engineer. In 1890 Henri Harle became a full partner in the firm, which was now known as Sautter Harle.

The company 'Societe Sautter, Harle et Cie' was founded in 1825 in Paris as a mechanical engineering company. 1907 began production of automobiles as the 'Sautter Harle'. 1908 the company was renamed in 'Harle et Cie'. 1912 ended production of cars. Three companies have manufactured lights on the coasts in France: F. Barbier et Fenestre, Sautter-Harle / Sautter et Lemonier and Lepaute, by 'planete-tp.com'. "In order to eliminate the jerks in release, Augustin Fresnel modified the blade regulator around 1826 with the aid of the clockmaker Lepaute, by incorporating a ball regulator". Acc. to: 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_submarine_Gymnote_(Q1)', "The Gymnote was one of the world's first all-electric submarines. Launched on 24 September 1888 ... by Gustave Zede ... and Arthur Krebs, who completed the project. For the Gymnote, Arthur Krebs developed the electric engine ... The motor proved so problematic that it was replaced with a smaller but more powerful Sautter-Harle motor". In Tallinn the construction of the rear lighthouse was planned already in 1832. The new lighthouse acquired a Fresnel device purchased from Sautter Harle & Co in Paris.

In late 1915, the company name was changed to the 'Anciens Etablissements Sautter-Harle'. The Company produced electrical equipment: searchlight / floodlight, generators, compressors and diesel engines. The Sautter Harlé at present has name the Alsthom Company).

They were working for Sautter - Harle / SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852:
Eugene Dejonc,
Émile Girardeau, born 1882, a French engineer, founder of the General Society of wireless telegraphy; 1910 he founded the radio - electric French Society SFR, in the field of radio - electricity and military telegraphy; 1915 he was assigned to education, in radio - electricity, flying officers.
Camille Charles Augustin Claudeville, b. 1868, adviser naval armament for Europe and South America, and co-operated with SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852, making lenticular lights, electric motors, turbo-generators and projectors.
Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. After the death of Mary, Jean REY married another descendant of SAUTTER born VAN MUYDEN. Jean REY was the uncle of another Jean Rey b. 1902-1983, Belgian (member of the EEC Commission from 1958 to 1967 and President of the Commission from 1967 to 1970), acc. to: Christian LEVI ALVARES. Jean-Alexandre REY, the School of Mines as a foreign student 1883; 1885 he obtained French nationality as a descendant of French parents refugees in Switzerland because of religion; he received the degree 1 ranked 1886; led factories Sautter - Harle and for thirty years directing the technical work of the house Sautter - Harle (turbo - machinery); 1904 studied steam turbines; 1906 gas turbines; at thirty - five he was chief engineer of the Sautter - Harle Company; finally president of the trade association of electrical engineering, President of the French Society of Electricians - 1921. In 1901 he build an internal combustion engine generators for submarines. From 1888, he became interested in steam turbines and turbo - electric machines.

You remember that Louis François Clément Breguet / Louis Francois Clement Breguet was born on 22 December 1804 in Paris, work in the early days of telegraphy, educated in Switzerland; in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the Breguet company to Edward Brown; collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels, Professor Thomas Engel and Alexander Graham Bell; he had one son Antoine b. 1851.

The Swiss Canton of Vaud was the area where the French-speaking family settled (Diserens or Dizeren). Among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozano. Moreover, a settlements such as Corsier sur Vevey, L'Abbaye and Grandvaux. L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family (Antoine b. 1851) came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; the Duflon family gone from Lutry of 1852 and Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 was living Louis Duflon; Duflon J.-F. was a landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve, was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Michail Dobrowolski lived 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne.

In the spring of 1914 L. Bakst moved to Montreux in Switzerland. Sophia Klyachko came to stay with her brother and taking along all family.

Clarens is part of Montreux in Suisse, where the Duflon family was living. Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow, was here with her son, Evgenii Konstantinovich, probably since spring of 1914. She acted with Lenin (on 5 September 1914 Lenin moved to neutral Switzerland, residing first at Bern, then at Zürich; on 31 March 1917 "Fritz Platten obtained permission from the German Foreign Minister through his ambassador in Switzerland, Baron Gisbert von Romberg, for Lenin and other Russian exiles to travel through Germany to Russia in a sealed one-carriage train"; from Zurich, Gottmadingen, Singen, Frankfurt and Berlin to Sassnitz, Trelleborg, in Sweden to Stockholm, at the Finland Station in Petrograd) and Inessa Armand, her friend. Anna Konstantynowicz back to Petersburg (Piotrogrod) with Lenin, Krupska and Inessa Armand in April 1917.

Sophia Klyachko met in Montreux (Clarens?) Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz son of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow. 1914 all relocated to Geneve to Diaghilev; the company after (1914 / 1915 to 1920) moved to Lausanne, but Bakst removed to Paris, soon. The Klyachko family in spring of 1920 came to Paris; in Meudon is now a museum of Bakst.

The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel, close to border on France, and from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, and Tavannes north of Neuchatel.

Adolphe Jean Édouard WIDMER, CEO of the Society of Electrical Constructions Breguet - Sautter - Harle, married in 1930 to Jacqueline HARLÉ Lucy b. 1905, parents Frederick Augustus 'Henri' HARLÉ 1875-1961 and Jeanny Alice Lily KAMPMANN b. 1881.

Note at margin:
Jean Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter who was founder of the LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co.
Ambroise Samuel Joseph Rodolphe REY / Rodolphe REY, born 1866 in GENEVE, Suisse acc. to: http://gw.geneanet.org/garric?lang=en&p=rodolphe&n=rey, his parents: William REY 1821 - 1888 Professeur and Clothilde BOUVIER 1828 - 1911; Rodolphe REY married in 1892 in GENEVE to Françoise Jeanne Gabrielle BOUVIER b. 1866 from Ami Auguste Oscar BOUVIER and Louise Julie Marguerite MONOD b. 1832; siblings: Barthélémy REY, banquier b. 1858, m. 1888 in PARIS to Lucie MATTER; Jean REY, Ingénieur des Mines b. 1861, m. 1893 PARIS to Marie SAUTTER 1870 - 1895 and married in 1897 in LAUSANNE to Emma VAN MUYDEN b. 1870.
Father of above Jean Rey: William REY, Professeur b. 1821 in GENEVE, d. 1888 in CLARENS in Suisse, married 1856 in CÉLIGNY to Clothilde BOUVIER.
CLARENS - east from Lausanne, close to Montreux, Blonay and Vevey and 15 km east of Cully, 20 km east of Lutry. Clarens is a village in the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. 1888 family Rey lived here and also: Igor Stravinsky 1878, Tchaikovsky, Paul Kruger, anarchist Élisée Reclus, the Duflon family and Nabokov.
Élisée Reclus b. 1830, known as Jacques Élisée Reclus, was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist; in January 1872 banishment from France. After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours. In 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement / International Association, of which "Reclus and Peter Kropotkin were the two chief organizers. Kropotkin was arrested and condemned to five years' imprisonment, but Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland. In 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the University of Brussels", acc. to Wikipedia.

CÉLIGNY - on way from Geneve to Lausanne.
More inf. see: Christian LEVI ALVARES (Quatre siecles d'ascendance protestante: les 512 quartiers de Micheline Bruneton, ed. Jerusalem: AHVA, 1981).

! Here is some key information to the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family:

Great Purge. On 29 July 1938 is the climax of terror. Then the terror began rapidly to weaken; September 19, 1938 chief department of the Board of leadership cadre RKKA, Colonel Szyrajew provided the Deputy People's Commissar of Defence, J. Shtshadenco, information on the number commanders dismissed from the military between the start of 1937 and September of 1938; document can be found in the Archives of the Ministry of Defense and it have published;

in 1937 released 20.643 persons, and in 1938 - 16.118. Here is the number: 36761.

Someone who was released from the army, not always then was arrested: from redundant in 1937 were arrested 5.811 people, in 1938 - 5057. Together arrested 10.868 people. On May 5, 1940, the Commissioner J. Shthadenco / Szczadenko signed the 'Report of the Board of Human Resources and Leadership...':

'Unfairly dismissed were readmitted to the army. Together until 1 May 1940 - 12 461...', and also returned in the second half 1940, especially in the first half of 1941.

Very strange is the origin of one of the Soviet intelligence boss, from whose started the Great Purge of 1937. Mixture of Estonia, Switzerland, Latvia and France. Pilsudski had lost Lenin, after five years of chaos in Russia, so the only way to overcome Soviet Russia of Stalin was takeover of special services, including military intelligence. Succeeded in, but in 1937, Stalin responded by and prevailed. Poles in the Soviet Union since 1937 been the main enemy!

So... Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov / Арту́р Христиа́нович Фра́учи / Frauchi / Артур Христианович Артузов Фраучи, b. 1891, Tver region, died 1937, Moscow; headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service INO (OGPU, NKVD) from August 1931 to May 1935.

Romuald Ludwig von Pilhau / Roman Aleksandrovich Pilar / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Pilar von Pilhau Romuald / Пилар фон Пильхау Ромуальд Людвиг, b. 1894 - died 1937, from Estonia but Pole acc. to sources; deputy of Artuzov Frautchi / Fraucci - Artuzow 1921 to ?; 1920 special plenipotentiary of the Cheka, then on underground work in the Verkhovna Silesia in Germany, and since 1921 again in Soviet Russia, 1925 - 1930 Chairman GPU Belarus, since 1932 the OGPU envoy for Central Asia, since 1934 head of the NKVD in Central Asia, December 1934 Head of the NKVD in Saratov; 1937 shot.
Note: Pilar von Pilchau / Пиллар фон Пильхау, the first the Narva commendant Wenzel Pilar von Pilchau (1606–1675); lived in Livland / Liivimaa and Estonia; Pilar von Pilchau were owners of Vaida / Wait, Oru / Orrenhof, Meremőisa / Merremois, Raasiku / Rasik, Kääsla / Käsal, Lehtse / Lechts, Karjaküla / Karjaküll close to Saue and Saku, Vardi, Valgu, Palivere south-west of Lehola / Palvere / Pallfer and Halinga / Hallick, Uulu, Lelle, Alt-Salis, Audru / Audern, Arrohof, Haeska / Hasik close to Haapsalu (see Dunkel). One from them: Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841–1918, Haapsalu 1878. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851 d. 1925, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870; 1881 he rented Sauga in Pärnu County, Estonia; Pernau city councillor in 1879, the Livonian Noble Corporation, 1908 to 1918 von Pilchau the land marshal of Livonia, returned to independent Estonia in 1923 in Pärnu where he died.
Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough.
Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia.

Pilar von Pilchau owners of: Vaida is a small borough in Rae Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. It's located about 21 km southeast of Tallinn. Orrenhof, south of Parnu, is a place with a very small population in the region of Parnumaa, Estonia. Merremois / Meremoisa - 10 km north-west of Karjakula, and 15 km from Keila. Raasiku, south-east of Tallinn, 23 km. Rasik to von Sivers in 1843. Palifer - Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau (1761-1819), was owner of Palifer, Orks, Pall, Käsal. Orks = Polumyza Orks, Laanemaa, south of Haeska. Kütke (Kütke) close to Märjamaa, south of Saku. Lechts, outh-west of Rakvere. Schloss Felks owner Baron de Maydell. Karjaküll - Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Karjaküll, Karjaküla is a small borough in Keila Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. Eivere / Eivere Manor, Eyefer, Paide Parish in Järva County; Eivere is a village in Paide Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. Jőgisoo / Jöggis, close to Kullamaa, east of Haapsalu. Kullamaa, Kulina Manor, Viru-Jaagupi Parish, 13 km south-east of Rakvere. Kullina - Bernhard Johann von Buddenbrock. Kirna close to Järva. Vana-Nursi or Vastse-Nursi Nurtu / Alt-Nurms, south of Saku. Ravila, Meks or Mecks, south-east of Tallinn. Palvere / Pallifer, south-east of Tallinn, close to Ravila. Arrohof (Livl.).
Figures: Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, b. in Hördel, died 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County; his son Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau (1887 - d.) - born in Saaremaa. Next son Karl (Charly) Alexander Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1871 Haapsalu / Hapsal); daughter Katharina Pauline Julie Pilar von Pilchau 1872 - 1909, her husband Viktor Konstantin Nikolai Brzezinski.

Genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Роман Людвиг Пилар фон Пильхау / Ромуальдас-Людвикас Адольфович Пилляр фон Пильхау. Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau / Roman Pilljar / Romuald Pilar von Pilchau / Romuald Ludwig von Pilar Pilchau, born 1894 in Mickuny close to Wilno / Vilnius. 1905 to September 1910 - Vilnius secondary school, followed by Zurich in real school (1910 - 1911), where he graduated in 1911. In September of the same year, he continued study in Kuressaare Gymnasium. When German troops occupied the Saaremaa, Pilar von Pilchau evacuated to the Yaroslavl Province. The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland 1910 to 1911. "Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed". All above according to Alwida A. Bajor. And different details: Roman was in Аренсбург / Arensburg / Kuressaare from September 1911 to 1918, or 1911 to 1915. Romuald Roman baron Pilar Pilchau, Sept. 1905 in Wilno, Zurich, next to Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland government, Даниловo / Danilovo in the Jaroslav government.
Some details of the genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau:
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt, von Pillar-Pilchau, Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar: Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871 (that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia, father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army) in Wilno; his son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska (from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806), she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.
See: Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918). Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1851 - 1925, b. in Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland.

Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin:

Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein;

фон Людер / Luder died 1857;

Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779;

Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Bekiu / Becu;

1798 m. to Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан; Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838; фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779; фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919; фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.

The family history of the Konstantynowiczs in Tsarist Russia, in Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Riga / Ryga, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Vana-Karjaküla or Alt-Hohenhof, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. With others families: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze, Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan.
Above Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Hohenhof, is an aristocratic mansion in northern Estonia in the Harju county. This manor changed their owners very often: Glenn (von Glehn), von Gernet (von Gernet), Pilchau / Pilar von Pilchau, Koskyuly (von Kosküll), von Krause (von Kraus / Krauze), von Hueck, von Kluge / von Klugen.

Some inf. on the Pilchau family:

Karl Gustav Pilar von Pilchau 1751 - 1802 born in Wait (Vaida), Rae vald, Harjumaa, Estland and died 1802 in Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, Estland. His wife Johanna Christine Charlotte Pilar von Pilchau nee von Patkul 1751 - 1828; above Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, ca 75 km south-east of Saku.

Gustav-Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, in 1878 in Haapsalu;

Rudolf von Gernet (1826 - 1912), in Haapsalu was chief of the Yacht Club. Hedwig Elisabeth von Gernet (nee von Patkul; her mother Juliane Charlotte von Wrangell, and her father Jakob Johann von Patkul) b. 1792 - 1867 with her son Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912.

Catherine Elisabeth von Gernet (1829 - 1896).
Above Vaida: 1708 Hans Heinrich Tiesenhausen, 1718 Georg Pilar von Pilchau, 1760 Jakob Heinrich Lilienfeld, 1789 der Howen, von der Pahlen, Ungern-Sternberg, 1894 Woldemar Rosen, 1901 Paul Ungern-Sternberg. Above Vana-Karjaküla: 1726 Nikolai Golovin, 1732 Abram Hannibal, 1743 Johann Mrakisch, 1747 Catharina Elisabeth Glehn, Maydell, 1756 Karl Gottlieb Gernet, 1771 Marie Juliane Pilar von Pilchau, 1776 Friedrich Wilhelm Uexküll-Güldenband, Zange, Koskull, 1817 Rosenmüller, 1818 Johann Martin Krause / Krauze, Klugen, Hueck. Vardi: 1689 Hans Heinrich Rehbinder, 1716 Karl Friedrich Mengden, Bellingshausen, Otto Heinrich Rehbinder, 1731 Schwengelm, Schönberg, Klugen, Kotzebue, 1844 Gottlieb Rosen, 1855 Georg Pilar von Pilchau.
Georg Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1819 - 1882, born in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County, Estonia. Georg Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Егор Максимович Пиллар, b. 19 March 1767 d. 1830, landlord of Kirna and Reopalu and he was married to Johann Agneta Hessega (1779-1847) and were born: Alexander von Pilar Pilchau (1804-1866), a Russian soldier, Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1808-1817), Helene von Pilar Pilchau (1811-1855), Nicholas Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1815-1887), the landlord of Kirna, Georg Jakob von Pilar Pilchau (1819-1882), the landlord of Vardi. Above Reopalu located north of Viljandi. Kirna close to Reopalu.
Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1757 in Халлик, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780.

Acc. to http://www.x-libri.ru/elib/ and militera.lib.ru / Hoaxer (hoaxer@mail.ru) we can read book by Arsen Martirosyan Benikovich, born 1950, Moscow, writer, the author of many books, in the past KGB officer: 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union', 'June 22. True Generalissimo', 'Tragedy June 22...', 'Who brought the war in the Soviet Union?'. Now 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union':
"...At the ...labyrinth of extremely complex ...of the personal and political intrigues and conflicts ... we get the following picture. Due to the personal ambitions of the last German Kaiser Wilhelm II, ... during the First World War, ...secret diplomacy, ... 'Germane-norden' and 'Balticum'... and they were extremely influential in Germany, and in Russia, representatives of the ancient aristocratic families of the number pro-German Ostsee (Baltic) Barons played a crucial role in large-scale ... after February and October intrigues in Russia, ... to the head of the Russian military counterintelligence Gen. M. Bonch-Bruevich (brother of Lenin's closest aide) ... Lenin will be forced to take post by old German agent General Parsky... At the top of the 'Balticum' particularly influential position occupied high-born aristocrats, Baltic barons von Pilhau Pillar, which were part-kin of the all-powerful head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky.
The wife of one of the leaders of society (Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau or Stanislaw Pilchau Pilar?? We know about Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau / Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau born in 1841 and died on January 11, 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia; his wife Aline Annette von Essen (was born 1847); his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 - 1862); grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau (1777 - 1847), great-grandfather Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau (1734 - 1801), from Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1709 - 1752). And you can look on Adolf Pilar von Pilchau - he married in Petersburg on 11 December 1884 to Julie Olga Eugenie Jenny von der Pahlen b. 1865 daughter of governor Magnus Konstantin Ferdinand von der Pahlen (1830 - 1912); their four children: Adolf Konstantin Theodor von Pilar Pilchau (1885-1958) from Sauga, Pärnumaa, Estland, Olga von Pilar Pilchau, Friedrich von Pilar Pilchau (1888-1914) and Andreas von Pilar Pilchau. In 1891 they moved to more spacious Manor, 1906 they were relocated to Riga; family lived in Tartu, Berlin, Emkendorffis, Tallinn and Pärnu. Above Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1851 - 1925) has father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, 1814 - 1870, from Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, Estland, with wife Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau nee von Ungern-Sternberg born 1826) Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau - Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar Pilhau was the sister of the mother of the 'Iron' Felix - Helena Ignatievna. Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau maid of honor to the last Russian Empress and enjoyed great influence in St. Petersburg... Son (grandson!, acc. to different source) of Sophia Ignatievna, ie cousin of the Dzerzhinsky - Roman Adolfovich / Romualdas Liudvikas Adolfovich Pillar Pilhau was one of the prominent of the initial period of the Cheka - the Deputy Chief of counterintelligence Cheka, deputy chairman of Belarus GPU, then People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Belarus, then worked at senior positions in the Central Asia in 1937, as chief of the NKVD in the Saratov region, was arrested and executed (pay attention to his last post - in the Saratov region was larger numbers of Germans, there was even a Republic of the Volga Germans...). ... R. Pillar Pilhau was one of closest personal friends and relatives to the known leaders of the security organs Artuzov ... the number of the Baltic barons, such, for example, as Andronnikov Prince, ...he was descended from an ancient family of Baltic baron Ungern - Sternberg, paternal side - Georgian prince. Andronnikov lived for many years in Germany, where he studied and was well received in the highest aristocratic circles of Germany. Was presented to Kaiser... very close to the royal court, but also took an active part in many intrigues against the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II, including, in particular, in the murder of Rasputin ... Baron Osten Hohen / Hohen Austen. Baron in 1916 illegally arrived in Russia for organizing a pro-German 'palace coup' ... Baron Osten Hohen / Hohen Austen only a decade later, climbed to the Soviet military intelligence in 1927, and then, apparently, into it's network of agents... The head of the same 'Balticum' in Berlin was personal aide Kaiser General Count Rüdiger von der Goltz, in whose hands were concentrated most secret strands ties with Russia. And ... a secret contact with representatives of 'Balticum' in Switzerland and then in Germany, ... Dzerzhinsky in this sense was just perfect figure - enough that the head of the Cheka, and still enjoyed with Lenin himself. Despite his opposition to the Brest-Litovsk treaty... Avanessov / Avanesova same - Secretary of the Sverdlov - ... Avanessov knew Switzerland, where he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich in 1913, and where to communicate with the Germans. ... ambassador in Bern Baron Gisbert Romberg, his personal agent - Robert Grimm, is editor of top organ of the Swiss Socialist Internationalists magazine 'Berner Tagwacht', with longtime German agent (and Japanese intelligence agent), Alexander E. Keskyula / Keskyulya, also known under the pseudonym Alexander Stein ... German intelligence officer under diplomatic cover Baron Gisbert von Romberg made contact with Lenin in Switzerland in September 1914. Keskyula Stein also personally contributed to German intelligence in maintaining personal contacts with Lenin and his entourage during their stay in Switzerland ... Without these contacts Dzerzhinsky would never able to go to Germany, which was the main purpose of his secret voyage ... Alexander (Israel) Lazarevic Gelfand, better known under the pseudonym of Parvus (in the circles of "revolutionary" bandits had the nickname "elephant head of Socrates") ... Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorf von der Rose (real name Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer) personality well known for historical literature...".

At the top of the 'Balticum' particularly influential position occupied high-born aristocrats, Baltic barons von Pilhau Pillar, which were part-kin of the all-powerful head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky. The wife of one of the leaders of society Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau - Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar Pilhau (Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau or Stanislaw Pilchau Pilar??) was the sister of the mother of the 'Iron' Felix - Helena Ignatievna. Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau maid of honor to the last Russian Empress and enjoyed great influence in St. Petersburg. Zofija Pilar von Pilchau / Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896. Father of Roman Pilar, died Oct. 12, 1939. Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska (from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806), she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937. The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena Pilar sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland. Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed. Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar! On October 12, 1826 in Mickuny consecrated a chapel built by Alexander Pilar. The ceremony was attended, among others, by Juliusz Slowacki with his sisters Hersylia and Aleksandra Becu. In Ozemblovschizna on 1830 September 22, baptized Jozef Tertia Dzierzynski / Joseph Terciusz Dzierzhynski, parents: Jozef Dzerzhinsky and Antonina nee Oziemblowski / Ozemblovski, Dzerzhinsky. God-father Jan Terletskii / Jan Terlecki, cornet of the Polish troops, and god-mother Josefa Voyninoy. Jozef Dzerzhinsky 1788-1854 and Antonina Dzerzhinska - grandparents of Felix, but their daughter Jozefa (Leokadia Kornelia b. 1833 in Ozemblovschizna) lived shortly. Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierżynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska / Januszevsky Helene born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska. The grandson of Zofia Pilar / Zofija Pilar von Pilchau / Sophia Ignatievna, ie cousin of the Dzerzhinsky - Roman Adolfovich / Romualdas Liudvikas Adolfovich Pillar Pilhau was one of the prominent of the initial period of the Cheka - the Deputy Chief of counterintelligence Cheka, deputy chairman of Belarus GPU. R. Pillar Pilhau was one of closest personal friends and relatives to the known leaders of the security organs Artuzov / Artuzow Frautchi / Fraucci. Roman Pilchau von Pilar was definitely under the influence of his uncle, Felix Dzerzhinsky. Because it was a family. The sister of Dzerzhinsky's mother, Zofia Januszewski, married to Stanislaus Pilar of Mickuny. Stanislaw Pilar - the father of Alexander, the grandfather of Roman.

Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service from August 1931 to May 1935.

Structure and personnel of military intelligence agencies 1934 / 1935: Statistical information management of the Red Army in August - November 1934 and Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army in November 1934 - May 1939.
Berzin Yan Karlovich / Kzyuzis Peteris Janowicz, Head of Military Intelligence from March 1924 to April 1935 and from June 1937 to August 1937. Uritzky from April 1935 - Head of the 4th Intelligence Department of the General Staff of the Red Army, June 1937 - Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District to November 1, 1937.

Artuzow created on May 8, 1922 the counterintelligence department of the GPU. Artusov / Artuzow / Fraucci knew French. This counterintelligence department was structural unit of the GPU - OGPU, because on May 6, 1922 on the management meeting of the State Political Administration DECIDED to ESTABLISH the structure of a special unit to combat with foreign espionage; the first leaders: Felix Dzerzhinsky, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky and Arthur Artuzov. Everyone from the structure of the Swiss-Estonian and of the Polish nobility of Belarus, I have discussed. Artuzow was in years 1927-1931 - Assistant Chief of the Secret operational management. Artuzov / Artuzow - Frautchi on 01/01/1931 Deputy (Deputy Head of the Foreign Department INO OGPU) and 31 July 1931 headed Foreign department of the OGPU; when creating 10 July 1934 NKVD he headed foreign intelligence, but replaced 21/05/1935 by Slutsky and transferred to the Main Intelligence Directorate on the post of Deputy, (11th January 1937) 01/11/1937 lost this post; Corps Commissar on 21/11/1935; Artuzow / Artuzov on 13.05.1937 appointed on the registration Department and Artuzov Frauchi was arrested on the same day May 13, 1937 as part of the 'Plot of the Generals' (he was executed on August 21, 1937).
Wife of Artuzow: Inna Mikhailovna, in 1938, June 20 accused of spying for the French intelligence service on the grounds that she went twice 'under the guise of treatment' in Paris, where she was recruited; Artuzov Hristianovich Arthur was her husband, living with her from 1934. On August 26, 1938 Ulrich announced the verdict: the death penalty; first wife Lydia Artuzov Slugina escaped arrest; mother of Artuzov, Augusta Avgustovna died shortly after the arrest of Arthur Christianovich; father Christian Petrovich Fraucci / Frautchi and uncle Peter Fraucci / Frautchi died in 1923. Son Kamil / Camill was arrested in 1941; on March 23, 1938 was arrested brother Rudolph Hristianovich Frauchi, was shot by the NKVD in Butovo; the second brother, Victor Hristianovich, moved to Kazan, and became well-known professor; Artusov disagreed with Stalin in matters of Poland and Germany, has also tried to observe certain standards of conduct during the purges of the thirties.

Acc. to Jakubowski at http://antykapitalista19171959.salon24.pl/: "...When Artusov was invited on March 18, 1937 [10 days before the arrest of Jagoda] on board of directors of NKVD, ... Stalin and Yezhov, however, predicted for him a role in the play directed by a dictator ... that Dzerzhinsky passed in 1925-1926, and led his sometimes unstable politics. ... after subsequent speeches of comrades who tried to make him a scapegoat ... people who now found themselves in accused of spying on the Polish side, such as Sosnowski. In particular, Abram Slutsky, who knew too well the reality of his work... Artusov answered in speech, in which he not only criticized the moral defeat of the NKVD, but also entered into defense of his enemy - Jagoda, whose arrest was then sealed. Thus sealed his own end. In the night from 12 to 13 May 1937 Artusov was arrested. He was accused of collaboration with four foreign intelligence including Polish, subjected to torture, which he never did not apply in the investigation respecting the rule of law of Lenin, which Dzerzhinsky introduced himself. Artusov on August 21, 1937, was executed as an enemy of the people and conspirator against the revolution... In 2000, the Russian historian Theodore Gladkow published a biography Artusov 'Award for fidelity - chastisement'...".

Curiosity! 'Asymmetry. Russian roulette', by Piotr / Peter Gibowski, was prime edited on 11 / 30 November 2012; on the second page of the novel we land in Geneva AD 1927; Russian Roulette is the first part of a trilogy; from that moment begins the story, related to Poland, Germany, Russia, USA, Japan. Artusov is main figure of this story! Piotr Gibowski is psychologist, historian by avocation, the University of Warsaw, the Museum of the History of Poland popularizing history.

So...
Sebastian Rybarczyk, journalist and publicist, specializes in the history of special services, at 'historia.focus.pl/swiat/' on January 15, 2014 write about Artuzow (my webpage on Artuzow on January the 01st, 2014 and 08th January):
"...Strange that he did not defend himself, using his knowledge of the most senior (Soviet) leaders, eg, at early 20s (of the 20th cent.) he was responsible for the 'protection' of Clare Sheridan - an attractive young British sculptor, Churchill's cousin and lover of Trotsky and Kamenev, the personal enemies of Stalin...".

Clare Sheridan, born as Clare Consuelo Frewen / Clare Consuelo Sheridan, b. 1885, she was the daughter of Moreton Frewen from East Sussex and Clarita / Clara Jerome from USA; her godmother was Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough, Clare Consuelo Frewen was a cousin of Sir Winston Churchill, because her mother was the elder sister of Lady Randolph Churchill. Clare Consuelo Frewen married Wilfred Frederick Sheridan in 1910; in 1915, Clare Consuelo Sheridan moved from France to London; visiting USA, Sheridan had a love affair with Charlie Chaplin; among her friends were Lord and Lady Mountbatten, Lady Diana Cooper and Princess Margaret of Sweden; she attracted the attention of the UK Security Service after being invited to Moscow in 1920 to sculpt Lenin, Trotsky and Zinoviev, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky and Lev Kamenev. While in Russia Sheridan had affairs with Kamenev and Trotsky, and MI5 discovered that while living in Istanbul she had taken as a lover Ismet Bey; in 1925 Sheridan moved to Algiers. In 2002: a cousin of Winston Churchill was suspected of being a Soviet spy (?) - Clare Sheridan is recounted in an MI5 file released at the Public Record Office today that describes her belief in free love.

At margin about Artuzow / Artuzov Frautchi / Frucci, the curious coincidence with the Dobrzynski family from Orsha / Orsza! Ignacy Dobrzynski son of Ignacy Dobrzynski senior / Ignatius Sosnowski - Dobrzynski / Игнатий Игнатьевич Сосновский / Добржинский, born in 1897 in Riga, d. Nov. 15, 1937 in Moscow, at the end of World War I was a member of the Polish Military Organization under the name 'Cricket', after regaining independence by Poland on 11 November 1918, he was a officer of the Polish Army; served as a lieutenant in the Second Department Intelligence of the General Staff' was head of the intelligence branch in Lithuania and East Prussia.

Acc to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Great_Purge, on "August 11th, 1937: NKVD operative order No 00485 'On liquidation of Polish sabotage and espionage groups and organization Polish Military Organization'. On liquidation of Polish diversion-spying groups and elements of Polish Military Organization. The following groups were supposed to be repressed: former Polish Military Organization from Poland, emigrants from Poland, and members of the Polish Socialist Party and other Polish political parties. Also the order indefinitely prolonged the prison sentences of everybody suspected of being a Polish spy. The order created a new extrajudicial organ: NKVD 'dvoyka' consisting of two people: a representative of the NKVD and a representative of the Procurator-General. ... In 1937-1938, 139,815 people were sentenced in the course of the 'Polish operation'; among them 111,071 people were executed".

After arrest of Artuzow / Artuzov was a secret trial, and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky / Tuchachevski, Iona Yakir, Ieronim Uborevich, Robert Eideman, August Kork, Vitovt Putna, Boris Feldman, Vitaly Primakov and Yakov Gamarnik (suicide) were accused with planning a military coup on May 15, 1937; they were executed on the night of June 11-12, 1937. Marshal Tukhachevsky / Tuchachevski, Corps Commanders Yefimov, Eideman and Appoga were all arrested on the same day - 22 May 1937; on 24 May 1937, the Politburo passed the following resolution: '...Tukhachevsky, as participant in an anti-Soviet Trotsky-Right conspiratorial bloc ... having engaged in espionage activity against the USSR on behalf of Fascist Germany'. Between 01 and 10 June 1937, Tukhachevsky was describing the conspiratorial organization and plans for defeating the Red Army.

Robert P. Eideman / Roberts Eidemanis b. 1895 in Leyastsiems / Aahof in Valka district of Livonia; LEYASTSIEMS / Aahof, a village in the district of Gulbene (Republic of Latvia), Gulbene, is south-east of Lejasciems / Aahof. Ca 17 km. Leyastsiems / Aahof / Lejasciema ca 100 km north-west of Rezekne, ca 60 km south-east of Valmiera. Jerome P. Uborevich / Jeronimas Uborevičius b. 1896, Kovno province. Mikhail Tukhachevsky b. 1893, in battle, February 19, 1915 near the village of Piaseczno (Lomza) his company was surrounded, he was taken prisoner; sent to a camp for incorrigible fugitives in Ingolstadt, where he met with Charles de Gaulle. In September 1917, makes the fifth escape, become successful, and 18 September was able to cross the border into Switzerland. In October 1917 he returned to Russia through France, England, Norway and Sweden. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in March 1918. The first on May 10, 1937 Tukhachevsky was transferred from the post of First Deputy of the Defense Commissar to the post of Commander of the Volga Military District. On May 22, 1937 he was arrested in Kuibyshev, on May 24, brought to Moscow, 26 May, after confrontations with Primakov, Putna and Feldman gave the first confession. A week before when Artuzov Frauchi was arrested, John Dewey said about Trocky on May 9, 1937 in New York, and Dewey informed on the preliminary investigation. His speech ended with the words: 'Trotsky ... need for further investigation. We recommend therefore to bring the work of this commission to the end'. And next reported that a total of 37,761 officers and commissars were dismissed, 10,868 were arrested and 7,211 were condemned for anti-Soviet crimes.

Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi was born in the family of Swiss origin, but Italian nationality. His father Christian Frautschi came to Russia, where he was engaged in reindeer cheese; cheesemaker, a citizen of the Swiss Federation. Mother Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938, had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot; her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik, her mother Bertha Sterling / Esterling / Stirling / EASTERLING born 1835 d. 1891 - her parents: Edward Esterling / EASTERLING and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland.

The family of Edward Sterling / Esterling and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland, and next generation: 1. Olga Avgustovna Didrikil next of kin to Sverdlov; 2. Bertha Didrikil nee Esterling, her husband Август Иванович Дидрикиль / Didrikil; her son Edward Avgustovich Didrikil; her father Edward Esterling - his daughters Odile Esterling b. 1830 (Crimea, at farmhouse in Yucca / Iukka), and Bertha Didrikil born in Riga in 1835 died in 1891, Charlotte Esterling, Alvina Esterling. Her mother Elena Esterling nee Shtaal.

Acc. to 'Eesti Postimees', No 16, 28 April 1890, ed. in Tartu, we read on the Livland / Liiwimaa Landra Kollegium (Liiwimaa / Hallikukiwi = Livland) where Count Reinhold Wilhelm Jacobs and Alexander Didrikil in January 1889 and in December of the same year, and January 18th, 1890, talked that land surveyors again are working; signed in Riga, Latvia, by Baron Brnningk / Broning?

This an example only a few people with family Jakobson. Note: August Mihkelevich Jakobson / August Jakobson born 1904 in (in the village Rääma near Pernova / Parnu, Pärnu, part of north Pärnu, in Pärnumaa, Estonia) Pärnu, died in Tallinn, Estonian writer. Carl Robert Jakobson / Linnutaja b. 1841 Tartu, was living in Торма / Torma close to Ranvere or Torma ca 65 km south of Rakvere. Jakobson's father was a school teacher; Natalie Johanson his sister, and his brother, Eduard Magnus Jakobson. 1856-1859 he studied at the seminary in Valga, next in Jamburg, in St. Petersburg 1865, Jakobson participated in the Estonian Literary Society. Eduard Magnus Jakobson b. 1847 Tartu - d. 1903 Tallinn, was an Estonian graphic artist. Adam Jakobson b. 1817 Haanja - d. 1857, Carl Robert Jakobson's father. Jakobson was living in Vőrumaa and the University of Tartu as a servant; Haanja is a village of Vőromaa, the former parish Rőuge.

The parents of above Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov met and married in Russia; children: 1891 first child was born Arthur Eugene Leonard, the other three daughters and two sons: 1892 Maria Eugenia Bertha / Maria, 1894 Victor Alexander Rudolph, 1896 Anthonine Catherine / Nina, 1899 Vera Olga Berta / Olga, 1902 Victor Alexander Boris. All six children under the laws of the Swiss Republic "after the October Revolution continued to be regarded as citizens of the Swiss Confederation". "September 4, 1917 at the Swiss Embassy in Petrograd Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi also been issued for Swiss passport No. 11/ 208". Swiss Italian-born Christian Petrovich Frautschi (Christian Frautschi son of Paul or Petr Frautschi) in the estate Mykolaivka met Didrikil Augusta.
"Augusta grandfather was from Scotland. He was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna".
Hereditary cheesemaker Christian Frautschi came to Russia in search of a good steady income; took a fancy to the north-western province (Estonia), for cattle, and it took two or three years; Here Christians Frauchi married to one of the four sisters of the Didrikil family, of the Estonian, Latvian, Russian, Scottish and even French blood.
One of the sisters, Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov (Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county.
Mikhail Kedrov b. 1878, Moscow – killed 1941, secret policeman and one of the builders of the Cheka; "Kedrov was reportedly extremely cruel and barbaric, even by the standards of the Red Terror ... Kedrov and his son Igor had complained repeatedly to Joseph Stalin about Lavrenti Beria, who increasingly came to control the Soviet secret police in the 1930s", acc. to Wikipedia). Kedrov in 1912 emigrated to Switzerland. Maintained contacts with Lenin, and lectured medicine at the universities of Bern and Lausanne. In 1916, on the instructions of the Central Committee returned to Russia, on the Caucasian front.
Nina Avgustovna / Anthonine Catherine / Antonina Avgustovna Didrikil / DIDRIKIL Avgustovna Nina b. 1882 - d. 1953 - married to an exile Nicholas Podvoisky / Podvoisky Ivan Ilyich.
Avgustovna Augusta - for Swiss cheesemaker.
Maria Avgustovna remained an old maid but she known the renowned journalist, the future chairman of the OGPU Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Podvoisky become one of the founders of the Red Army; Kedrov - one of the builders of the Cheka (December 20, 1917 was formed Russian Extraordinary Commission headed by F. Dzerzhinsky), shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne; Menzhinsky - deputy and successor of the first chairman of the Cheka - Dzerzhinsky; Christian's Frauchi wife was interlocutor of Podvoisky, Kedrov, Ангарский / Angarskij and Klestov. In 1903 the whole family Frauchi / Frautschi moved to Novgorod province, where, moving from one estate to another, Arthur's father, together with his assistants was doing cheese. Estates - Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putyanin, Petrovskoe, Davydkina.

Samples:
Didrikil Edward son of August / Avgust Didrikil / Didrikil Jeduard / Дидрикиль Эдуард, journalist of an Agriculture newspapers, in the Pskov government in 1913.
Note at margin: Consequently, Lenin never was interested in the movement of international language Esperanto. Lenin's statement of this one have reported by E. Didrikil. Didrikil wrote among other things in 1916 in Bern on the national problem, that according to Lenin: Dreams of establishing of international language, Esperanto or Volapük is utopia. Language creating the future will not universal for all nations; the problem is the language as one of the great cultural language: English, French and possibly also Russian. Didrikil's work is the only one that notices the similarities between the ideas of Kautsky and Lenin globalization of large national language. It is a relationship of Lenin to Esperanto characterized by Lenin's sister, Maria Uljanovova in 1928 as a wholly negative attitude: Vladimir Ilich many times was very negative on the Esperanto; we talked about the language, he was a great expert of languages. Compare: Alfred D. Low, 'Lenin on the question of nationality', New York, 1958, pp. 54. E. Drezen, 'La doctrine de en Lenin practice movado por internacia lingvo, 1934; M. Kammari, see also Sennaciulo, Lenin in Bern, a report on the ethnic issue on 13 July 1913; Didrikil: Lenin in 1913 in Zurich, Geneve, Lausanne and Bern. The statement of any items that have reported E. Didrikil, in 1916 in Bern on the national problem.

Didrikil Maria daughter of Georgij Didrikil / Дидрикиль Мария Георгиевна, born 1872; served for the Armed Forces of South Russia 1919, evacuated at the end of 1920 from Novorossiysk on the ship 'Hannover'.
Didrikil, A. A., author of the Report on Public Education, ed. Moscow in 1903.
Genealogy of the DIDRIKIL family:
wife of N. I. PODVOYSKY was Nina Avgustovna DIDRIKIL 1882 - 1953, her father ДИДРИКИЛЬ Август / DIDRIKIL Avgust; her sister Augusta Avgustovna + Italian-Swiss origin Frauchi Christian Petrovich - son Frautschi ​​Artusow Hristianovich Arthur 1881-1938?; daughter Frauchi Vera Christianovna; her second sister Olga Avgustovna + КЕДРОВ / Kedrov Mikhail S. 1878 - 1941, son of a notary; son Kedrov Bonifatii Mikhailovich b. 1903, philosopher, chemist; second son Kedrov Igor Mikhailovich 1908-40, working in subjection Dekanozov, arrested in April 1939 and was shot.
The family Sverdlov: 1. SVERDLOV Michael Izrailevich / Moshe Serdlin / Mikhail Saveliev, a native of Lithuania, d. 1921, m. to Elizabeth Solomonovna d. 1900, and second time married to КОРМИЛЬЦЕВА Мария Александровна / Kormiltsev Maria: daughter 1.1. Софья Михайловна 1882-1951 or Pauline, her husband Awerbach / Averbach / Auerbach, owner of the steamship company on the Volga - her children Leopold Auerbach Leonidovich 1903-1939, literary critic and member of the Union of Soviet Writers, wife Bonch-Bruevich Vera Vladimirovna daughter of Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich, second Ida Leonidovich d. 1938, Deputy of Moscow prosecutor, her husband Henryk Jagoda / ЯГОДА Генрих Григорьевич or Иегода Енон Гершонович / Iegoda Enone Gershonovich, 1891-1938, his son Garik Jagoda 1929 - ? (Ida Leonidovich Auerbach was niece of the Y. M. Sverdlov); second 1.2. Zalman or Yeshua Zolomon Movshev, PESHKOV 1885-1966, adopted by M. Gorky, went abroad in 1903 to France joined the Foreign Legion; 1.3. Yakov Mikhailovich 1885-1919, wife Claudia Novgorodtseva Timofeevna, merchant's daughter, her son Andrey Yakovlevich 1911/14 - 1969, in 1935 and in 1937 he was arrested, later he served in the NKVD, wife - Podvoiskaya Nina 1916-1996, daughter of N. I. Podvoysky (N. I. PODVOYSKY + Nina Avgustovna DIDRIKIL 1882 - 1953, her father ДИДРИКИЛЬ Август / DIDRIKIL Avgust; her sister Augusta Avgustovna + Italian-Swiss origin Frauchi Christian Petrovich - son Frautschi ​​Artusow Hristianovich Arthur 1881-1938); 1.4. Veniamin Mikhailovich 1887-1940, owner of the bank in America, 1918 he returned to Russia, arrested in 1937, shot, wife DELEVSKAYA Vera; 1.5. Sarah M. 1889-1964; 1.6. Lev Mikhailovich 1891-1914; 1.7. Herman M. 1905/08-1984, 1.8. Alexander b. 1910.

Note on Menzhinsky: he escaped to Finland, in the town of Vyborg, soon he went to Sweden, then moved to Belgium, lived in Brussels, 1908 he moved to Switzerland, where he lived for some time in Zurich, then in Geneva, toured almost the whole of Italy, came to Paris and then in 1910 moved to the U.S., where he lived for some time in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago, in the same year he returned to France, but soon six months traveling around England, since 1913 Vyacheslav Menzhinsky lived in Paris, and even managed to get employees in the private bank Credit Lyonnais (see: Duflon and Konstantynowicz).
Note on Henry Jagoda was born in 1891 in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl province. 1913 he moved to St. Petersburg, where Podvoisky met him, served for the Red Army, he chaired Podvoisky again; Artuzov had contact with both Menzhinsky and Yagoda, but the most close and intimate relationship he developed with the head of the Cheka - Jagoda: the main activities of the Special Department in 1920-1921 was the fight with the Polish espionage.

The family of Christian Frautschi had six children, and Arthur was the first. The eldest of the children, until his death remained a Swiss citizen, as evidenced by his passport, still stored in one of the Moscow archives. Above father Christian P. Frautschi b. 1860/1865 ?, died in 1923. Kamill Frautschi 1921 - 1997, a violinist; his son Alexander Frautschi 1954-2008, play guitar. The Frautschis were Swiss émigrés in Russia. Kamill's father Arthur Frautschi Artuzov, a top-ranking officer of the NKVD, as a result, Kamill spent his youth in the Gulag. Artuzov was familiar with the Bolshevik revolutionaries: Podvoisky was frequent guest in the house of Frautschi, married to sister of mother. Since 1906 Artuzov was distributing illegal literature. 1909 he graduated the Novgorod classical gymnasium and entered the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, graduated in February 1917, then worked as a engineer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum - as metallurgical engineer. In the summer of 1927 Artuzov was appointed as 2nd Assistant of the Chief of Secret-operative OGPU, Henryk Jagoda. 1930 Artuzov was appointed deputy chief of INO OGPU USSR, and August 1, 1931 - as chief and member of the board INO OGPU USSR. The First Chief of the Directorate of the Committee for State Security, for foreign operations and training and management of the agents, of political, scientific and technical intelligence.
In 1922, after the creation of the State Political Directorate and connecting it with People's Commisariat for Internal Affairs, foreign intelligence was conducted by the GPU Foreign Department, and between December 1923 and July 1934 by the Foreign Department of Joint State Political Directorate or OGPU. Under Trilisser's management, foreign intelligence had become professionally services. Trilisser himself was very active, traveling to Berlin and Paris. Trilisser left his position in 1930, and was replaced by Artur Artuzov, the former chief of department of counter-intelligence and main initiator of the Trust Operation.

Artuzov Fraucci, Arthur Khristyanovich b. 1891, originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Frauchi. Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution. Acc. to: New KGB history..., by Aleln and Rachel Douglas; inf. on A History of the KGB by John J. Dziak, Lexington Books, 1987.
"John J. Dziak's Chekisty is a cut above the mediocre sociologizing about the supposedly new type of Soviet leader, to which we have been subjected by academia and the popular press since the advent of Yuri Aodropov and Mikhail Gorbachov. Its author, a senior Defense Intelligence Agency analyst who took leave to complete this project, obviously disdains the sort of adulation of Gorbachov and his entourage... Reilly had obtained a post in the Cheka, thanks to Vladimir G. Orlov, who as a Czarist official in Warsaw had handled sensitive cases of subversion and espionage, including that of Feliks Dzerzhinsky, and was now in the latter's employ. When Hill and Reilly finished their work, they escaped unscathed, Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky were greatly strengthened, Lenin lay dying, and an American intelligence network in Soviet Russia was smashed. Men from this Hill-Reilly network of 1918 became key figures in the Trust. These included Reilly himself, Reilly's friend, Boris Savinkov, and two of the men in Reilly's "anti­Bolshevik" network: Yakushev and Eduard Opperput. Russian aristocrats. Numerous Russian aristocrats, from families that had worked for a dynastic change, were active collaborators of the Trust...
Among them were members: Obolensky, Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy, Dolgorukov, Artamonov, Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, Svyatopolk-Mirsky, and Lieven families.
(Piotr Trubecki / Piotr Nikolaievitch Trubetzkoy b. in Akhtyra 5 Oct. 1858 and died in Novotcherkask on 17 Oct. 1911, married in Moscow on 13 Oct. 1884 to Alexandra Vladimirovna Obolenskaya b. Moscow on 8 Nov. 1861, d. Authon-la-Chapelle on 14 Dec. 1939).
Prince Yuri A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, known as the chief ideologist of the emigre Supreme Monarchical Council, worked out the bitterly anti-Western ideology ... in conjunction with Cheka agent Yakushev. ... main Trust 'legend', was headed by Prince N. S. Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy and Prince Dmitri Svyatopolk-Mirsky, who later became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, before repatriating to the Soviet Union. His father, the interior minister when Okhrana agent Father Gapon sparked Bloody Sunday, leading to the 1905 Revolution, had refused to arrest the known inciter Gapon before those events. The Soviets themselves draw attention to the aristocratic element in the Trust... we find old Okhrana agents Reilly and Boris Savinkov, together with the chief of White counterintelligence, the Okhrana's notorious Colonel Klimovich, who was one of the Trust's chief boosters among the emigration. ... Parvus, the future moneybags for the Bolsheviks and arranger of Lenin's return to Petrograd on the sealed train, first made his fortune in the Salonika-Constantinople grain trade run by Volpi's freemasonic associates. Many of the Polish Bolsheviks who played an important role in the early days of Dzerzhinsky's Cheka, had been run by Parvus. In the tiny Balkan kingdom of Montenegro, whose economy and royal house were owned by Volpi from approximately the tum of the century, the Russian military attache from 1903 to 1915 was N. M. Potapov. Out of this apparent backwater, Potapov in 1915 vaulted to the position of Quartermaster General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Russian Army, in charge of all army intelligence. In the summer of 1917, Potapov began working openly with Bolsheviks he had known since the 1890s ... (made) the transformation of the Tsarist War Ministry into the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs. He became the first Red Army Chief of Staff. The Trust's young mastermind, A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviets' fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo-Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary to Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly fooled the Russian aristocrats abroad into believing he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground. Yet, as emigre chronicler of the Trust S. L. Voitsekhovsky had to admit, it was incomprehensible, how his contemporaries, his former superiors and colleagues, could have believed in the sincerity of his monarchical views. ... The Trust of the spies and provocateurs, as the above shows, turns out to be a microcosm of a much bigger East­West complex, whose strategic outlook was best stated by the infamous Toynbee in 1974. ... Cheka chief Dzerzhinsky wore another hat, as chairman of the Supreme Council for the National Economy, which allowed him to deal directly with the Western members of this larger Trust...".
Copyright of above quotation:
EIR Volume 15, Number 3, January 15, 1988; Š 1988 EIR News Service Inc., All Rights Reserved. A Fresh Look at the February Revolution. New KGB skirts history lessons... by Aleln and Rachel Douglas. "John Dziak leads the IASC's work on technology security, strategic denial and deception and countermeasures. He has served over three decades as a senior intelligence officer and an executive in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and in the Defense Intelligence Agency, with long experience in weapons proliferation intelligence, counterintelligence, strategic intelligence, global countermeasures and intelligence education. He is the author of the award-winning, Chekisty: A History of the KGB (1987), numerous other books, articles, and monographs, the most recent of: which is The Military Relationship Between China and Russia, 1995-2002 (2002), and is currently preparing a book on counterintelligence. Dr. Dziak is fluent in Russian. Dr. Dziak is co-founder and President of Dziak Group, Inc., a consulting firm in the fields of technology transfer, intelligence, counterintelligence and security, and national security affairs with clients in industry and the Intelligence Community. Dr. Dziak is an Adjunct Professor at the National Defense Intelligence College". But "... A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have it returned Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviet's fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary is Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly the Russian aristocrats fooled into believing abroad he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground". In this quotation, however, is a mistake. Characteristic that appeared to it in the years 1987 and 1988. Recently in 1987, I started by solving puzzles and political genealogy around my Konstantynowicz family in Poland and Russia.

In the first period October 1987 - September 1989 I recognized the immediate environment of our family Konstantynowicz, maybe 200 people; unfortunately it 'coincided' with the death of my father on November 3, 1987; buried 09 November 1987.
Curiosity! The webpage 'Executive Intelligence Review www.larouchepub.com/.../eirv15n03-1988011' was founded on 21 November 1987, but EIR, Executive Intelligence Review, was ed. on January 15, 1988, vol. 15, No 3. EIR: Founder and Contributing Editor: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. and Editor-in-chief: Criton Zoakos, Editor: Nora Hamerman. EIR is published by New Solidarity International Press Service. Executive Intelligence Review is a newsmagazine founded in 1974 by the American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. The article "New KGB history skirts lessons of the...", by Aleln and Rachel Douglas, is on "A History of the KGB" by John J. Dziak, Lexington Books, 1987, 234 pages. 'Chekisty: The KGB...' was ed. the first by 'Free Press' on 28 September 1987, and again on 01 January 1988 by this publisher. The Lexington Books edited this book in October 1987, but second publisher 'Ballantine Books' ed. on October 31, 1988.
We back to my work. Then came the period of 1990 - 2002, I met Georgia, Russia, etc, but mostly tens people of Poland and other countries has granted me accurate genealogical data, and not just about family Konstantynowicz; thanks to this I could - in 1992 - provide a working thesis of particular importance: "in our family was someone on the top of the Soviet military intelligence" , and our family Konstantynowicz moved in Tsarist Russia very close to the Russian intelligence core. The parts it turned out to be true; I am writing that only partially, because the key person was a Swiss with Italian - Estonian origin, and this man had no affinity with our family, but was created by the military system, whose my Konstantynowicz family was a part: in Miezonka, Swolna, Moscow, Estonia, St. Petersburg, Kazan, the Vaud canton and the nearby Swiss villages, Lodz, Riga. This search took me 27 years, but it took 20 years to Stalin it came up on the trail military conspiracy in May 1937 - probably as long, because the key person - Artusov surely created a Soviet counterintelligence, and next he took the position as head of civilian intelligence, then deputy head of the military intelligence of the Soviet Union.

In the period - February 2003 to date (17 July 2014) in 2014, communicate to all with the help of Yahoo servers in California, knowledge on the history and genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family, by using further of the factual help my readers . And again coincidence: already at the turn of October and November 2003 died Jan Konstantynowicz and his wife, no one knew exactly when it happened.
John / Jan Konstantynowicz, Zofia Konstantynowicz / Sophie and Edward Konstantynowicz lived a long time after World War II in Bydgoszcz.

Artuzov / Артур Фраучи was graduating of the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in February 1917 with a diploma in metal engineering, went to work as an engineer to Nizhny Tagil in the Urals, and in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum / Влади́мир Ефи́мович Грум-Гржима́йло (engineer - designer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum). Vladimir E. Grum-Grzymajlo b. 1864, inventor, engineer-metallurgist, his father, Yefim Grum - Grzhimailo was a renowned specialist of tobacco (the Department of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Finance in 1867); mother, Margaret M., nee Kornilovich, was the niece of A. O. Kornilovich; graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1885, after he worked at the Urals steelworks in Nizhny Tagil, Salda, Alapayevsk; 1911-1918 - an professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1891, foreign trips in Sweden, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, in 1900, in Paris. On 01 August 1915 in Petersburg / Petrograd was created the Metallurgical Bureau / Bureau of metallurgical and thermal structures / Office / Institute of design fiery furnace; his brother Grigory Efimovich Grum Grzhimailo b. 1860-1936, Russian traveler, geographer and zoologist. Артур Фраучи / Artuzov in August 1917, after returning to Petrograd from another trip to the Urals, to Nizhny Tagil, decided to leave the profession of engineer - designer in the Petrograd office and until December 1917 he worked in the Office of the demobilization of the army and navy. In Autumn 1917 (back home in October 1917) he made 'secret' trip to Italy to Genoa / Genova / Genua; why? - I don't know details on the return way: Italy - British Egipt and Iraq or from Italy to France, Sweden, Finland?
From December 1917 to March 1918 he worked as secretary of the Audit Commission of the Commissariat for Military Affairs in Vologda and Arkhangelsk.

The Fraucci-Artuzov came from Switzerland. They lived near Villenouve and Montreux. Belonged - like the family Diserens / Dizeren - to immigrants from Italy. In the former area of the Republic of Genoa, maybe even from Genoa / Genova / Genua. The figure of Artuzov is the key. The biography of Artuzov acknowledges he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. That's just the truth. He belonged to a group of Italian and French families, who came to Russia in the first and second half of the 19th century (1879 / 1881 to 1889 important period) from Switzerland and often coming from France.
Samples only:
Another Christian Frautschi immigrated to Wisconsin from Switzerland in 1867. Hans Peter FRAUTSCHI was born in Switzerland in 1841. It is believed his father was Abraham FRAUTSCHI and his mother's name was Mary FRAUTSCHI. His Spouse's name is Katrina FRAUTSCHI born in Switzerland in 1847. Marie Magdalena Reichenbach nee Frautschi b. 1776 in Saanen, canton Bern, Switzerland - d.? Her father Christian Frautschi b. 1750. Christian Frautschi b. 1691 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1717 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1749 - Saanen died 1828 - Saanen. Christian Frautschi with wife 1846 Magdalena Eggen b. 1827. Samuel Frautschi b. 1847, d. 1918, in Cantou Bern, Switzerland, married Lena Leifer.
Renucci, born March 29, 1945 in Cozzano, Corse; Renucci, Janine (2001), La Corse. Lauranne, G. Renucci in Genova, Italy. Renucci, born July 11, 1956 in Le Creusot, ca 150 km west of Lausanne. Livorno, Renuccio / RENUCCI (1880-1947). Corsica successively was part of the Republic of Genoa for five centuries. The construction of the Montreux-Oberland Bernois rail road in 1905 connected the Canton of Vaud with Gstaad and Saanen. The Palace Hotel was opened in 1913 as Gstaad's first luxury hotel. Gsteig that is Gstaad in the Saanen District, Canton of Bern, Switzerland. The Fraucci family is very old ancestry in this valley, from the 16th century. Descendants of Johanne Von Siebenthal born 1568 in Gruben Bei Gstaad, Bern, Switzerland, and his wife MARIA FRUTSCHI married 1592 in Saanen, daughter of HANS FRUTSCHI and BENEDICTA MATTI. She was born on December 02, 1566: D. VON SIEBENTHAL, b. June 07, 1607 was married to ABRAHAM GRIESEN.
Several families of Saanen/Gessenay: AELLEN, GANDER, HAUSWIRTH, JAGGI, KROPFLI, WURSTEN and ZWALLEN.
The FRAUTSCHI immigrants of Saanen/Gessenay lived in Wisconsin.

Christian Frautschi / Frautchi Kristian
(was born on October 20, 1839; worked in the Rhone valley, upstream from Lake Geneva and the famed Castle of Chillon [Castle of Chillon - Avenue de Chillon 21, ca 2 km north of Villeneuve, east side of the Geneve Lake and 3 km south of Montreux]. Then he went to Geneva and spent more than two years there learning cabinetmaking from his Uncle Isaac, whom he referred to as his master. Whether this Isaac Frautschi was an uncle on his father's or his mother's side? He worked for nearly a year for a cabinetmaker named Rudolph Frautschi for a full year in Ong. Possibly these were relatives; places where he worked were Bule, Oron, Newshatel / Neuchatel, Sion, Aigle [Aigle, 9 km south of Villeneuve, see: Duflon; route of Lenin and Krupska; Frautchi, Frautschi from Saanen], Ormont, Lausanne, and Neuemberg, 1861 he went to Thun),
the fourth of six sons born to Abraham and Maria Magdalena Frautschi, whose maiden name was also Frautschi; two stayed in Turbachtal / Turbach. They were preceded by their Uncle Jacob 1804-1884, the brother of Abraham,
and in 1852 came to America - White Mound, Wisconsin, in Sauk County.

Note on above Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoi:
Prince Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1890 in Moscow; the son of Prince S. Trubetskoy / С. Н. Трубецко́й who was a rector of Moscow University, and his nephew Prince E. Trubetskoy known Russian philosopher. Prince Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862, Russian religious philosopher; Brother of the philosopher E. Trubetskoy. Sergei Troubetzkoy was born in the Moscow suburban estate Ahtyrka. His son, above Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy in 1920 he emigrated to Bulgaria, he taught at the University of Sofia, to the development of the Eurasian ideology; was attended by P. P. Suvchinsky, G. V. Florovsky, P. N. Savitsky. In 1923 he moved to Vienna, he taught at the University of Vienna. Above named Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862 in Kaluga or Ahtyrka, and friend of V. S. Solovyov; parents: Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1828 and Sophia Lopuchin b. 1841. His grandparents: Peter Ivanovich Troubetzkoy b. 1798 and Emilia P. Wittgenstein b. 1801; and his great-grandparents: Ivan Nikolayevich Troubetzkoy b. 1760 and Natalia Meshcherskaya b. 1776; and his great-great-grandparents Nikolai Troubetzkoy and Tatiana A. Kozlovsky / Kozlowska.

Next a figure. Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Wacław Mienżynski, Mężyński, b. 1874, Saint Petersburg; the security officer, the successor to F. Dzerzhinsky headed OGPU (1926-1934). A Polish noble family of the Orthodox faith: grandfather sang in chorus and father Rudolf Ignatievich Menzhinsky - State Councilor, a graduate of St. Petersburg University, a history teacher; mother, Maria Shakeeva; 1903 sent to Yaroslavl as a representative of the newspaper 'Iskra', a member of the Yaroslavl organization of the RSDLP, met M. S. Kedrov / Kedar?, N. I. Podvoisky, Didrikil Nina wife of Podvoisky.

In the history of intelligence services Artuzov Arthur Frauchi was headed counterintelligence, foreign intelligence and military intelligence, born 1891 in the village Ustinovo, Kashin County, Tver province (Dubbelt or Dubelt family in Kuvshinovo, Tver region = Russia, Tver Oblast, Kuvshinovo, close to Puzakovo; ca 120 km west of Tver), his father Christian Frautschi was a master cheesemaker in the estate of the landowner Likhachev. Frauchi father remained a Swiss citizen; mother, Augusta Avgustovna Didrikil, Latvian descent, taught him French and German, and then he taught himself English. Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of landowner Popov, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver. Cheesemaker was working in the estate Mykolaivka, and Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province.
The ancestors of the Frautschi family were Italians, but they settled in that part of the country, where lived natives of Germany, village in the mountains - Gstaad, about an hour away by car from Bern and ca 2 km only from Saanen; ca 30 km east of Villeneuve; here were always Frautschi, all generation were cheesemaker; spoke a strange dialect of German; Christian Frautschi, went to Russia from this village; Christian's Petrovich daughter Nina came home in Gstaad during the holidays at summer of 1912. House was unhurt now, the house is so empty since 1912.
Elisee Reclus and Piotr Kropotkin were living in Clarens, Montreux. L'Abbaye - Breguet. Abetel in Riex, Lausanne. Morges - Duflon. Demontet - in Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. Also St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel. Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon. Duflon in 1906 in d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. Also in La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse. M. Wilczek from Lausanne, and Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne. Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. Diserens or Dizeren among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. Shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne.
At margin - we know about Anna Frauchi, b. 1716 in Koppigen, Bern district, Switzerland, died in 1756, Switzerland, married 1774 in Jegenstorf, Bern, Switzerland.
Didrikil Maria Gieorgievna, born 1872, in the Armed Forces of South Russia and evacuated at the end of January 1920 from Novorossiysk on the ship 'Hannover'.
Somebody in Rapperswil-Jona, close to Zurich; and Turbach ca 5 km east of Saanen. Johann Jakob Frautschi / Jacob Jacques Frautschi in 1842, used passport to travel from Switzerland between Canton Berne and Paris, living in Gessenai (Saanen/Gessenay or Saanen, east of Montreux ca 28 km, close to Versoix, near by Rougemont; and now in Schonried close to Saanen; east of Villeneuve), aged 44 years, who was native of Gesseney, who wanted to return to France, married 1843 to Elise Perrin, aged 34 years. Marie Elise Perín was born 28 May 1814, and was baptised in 1815 in the parish of Briel (Biel / Bienne, ca 35 km north-east of Neuchatel).

Summer 1904 - Lenin and Krupskaya / Krupska left Geneva for longer holiday; Lenin and Krupskaya settled first in Lausanne, then changed it to Montreux in 1904 (Kropotkin, Konstantynowicz), the starting point of a multi-week trip to the mountains, chose the wildest trails, climbed into the wilderness, away from people; their journey was interesting: from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29 / 34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux), where before returning to Geneva, Lenin and Krupskaya lived in a guest house near lac de Bret (Lac de Bret, Puidoux, Suisse - close to Riex, Cully, 5 km north-east of Cully, ca 15 km east of Lausanne, and 9 km north-west of Vevey; see: Breguet and Duflon, Diserens) in company with Bogdanov; the walk had beneficent effect on Lenin; the nerves came back to normal. How long the journey took for Lenin? It can be answered accurately; their tour began in early July 1904 and lasted nearly two months. Montreux and Vevey nearby well known in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Stayed here Tchaikovsky, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gogol, Vyazemskij, Stravinsky, Diaghilev.
Somewhere nearby, in the mountains, held secret meetings Lenin in 1904 (mountains east of Montreux to Saanen).
Lenin was writing from Bern to Geneva, that will be living in Montreux in October 1914, next in Zurich. Probably in Hotel 'Сплендид', a room No 53; in March 1914 Samoilov / Самойлов was in Montreux. Hôtel Splendid / Hotel Splendid, Grand rue 52, 1820 Монтре / Montreux center, 2 km south-east of Clarens, but only 50 meters to Lake and ferry. The Hotel Splendid Montreux, in front of Lake Geneva / Lac Leman, was built at the end of the 19th century and its opening was in 1904. Vladimir Lenin was here in 1908. Lenin maybe was living in Hotel Splendid in 1904? This is the Duflon family core: Clarens, Grandvaux, Chavornay, Montreux, Lausanne.

Alyaksandr Malinovsky / Aliaksandr Alyaksandravіch Malіnoўskі / Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov / Malinowski / Werner / Maksimov, b. 1873 in Sokółka, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland), of Belarusian ethnicity, a doctor, economist, philosopher; Bogdanov and Lenin met in Switzerland in the summer of 1904 and entered into an alliance, to 1909.


Electric lighting has come into use in Russia in 1880s. In the end, the concession for the construction of the first power plant in Ufa and Ufa province was signed in 1896 by a specialist of the companies: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg and the 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris, engineer Nikolai Vladimirovich Konshin / Владимирович Коншин. Construction of the city's first power plant taken about two years, on 01 February 1898 it gave a light. The city council had to pay for it to the owner 275 thousand rubles. In July 1918 to October 1918 Konshin went through terrible ordeals, he was among the 98 hostages of Ufa. He was alive in the early 1920s.
His father probably Konshin Vladimir Nikolaevich born ?, member of the Board of the South - Eastern Railway Society and the Rybinsk Railway. Above Konshin Nikolai V. born ?, was working for the Prince of Oldenburg for the exploration of manganese around Trebizond 1887 - 1888, a member of the South Ussuri Expedition 1888 - 1890 and for the exploration of coal in the Semipalatinsk region 1890, in the Urals from 1891, built at his own expense the first power plant in Ufa 1898.

The Minsk City Council on June 28, 1894 decided on the introduction of electric lighting and the Town Council concluded an agreement with the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company. According to the agreement a power station and the city's network lighting should be equipped with a steam boiler of Fiiner Gamper / Hamper from Sosnowiec, Westinghouse steam engine system, dynamos of the Baltic electric plant in Riga, lightbulbs of the Gabriel and Anzheno / Angeno Comp. from Paris, and electric bulbs of Harle factory.

On January 12, 1895 in Minsk, the first city power station started. In 1899 the plant was named 'Elvod', Minsk became the fourth city after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev, where began to use electrical networks.

On the Pärnu history and power stations and electrical networks in Estonia:
One hundred years ago in Parnu earned powerhouse. "The first power that earned in 1907, on the right bank of the Pärnu River , has not survived. Its capacity was inadequate and just four years later had to build a new power plant. This building still stands today...". "It is particularly interesting that once held two submarine cable across the river Pärnu, as the network of street lighting was on one side, and the power plant - on the other".
1915, the commandant of the city Rodzyanko gave the order to blow up a number of industries and power station, too. In Estonia, the use of electricity began in 1882 at the Manufactory of Kreenholm, but the first public power - 108 or 100 kW and 220 V - launched November 2, 1907 in Pärnu. The first industrial power plant was built at the Kunda cement factory in 1893.

Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961 in Germany, graduated from Wismar Polytechnical School as certified engineer, 1913 lived in LEHOLA.
Designed and built Estonian first electric power plant to Aru bog, on rented land from Kunda manor and the first high-voltage line 15 kV between different areas, which on 18 Oct. 1918 brought electricity to Rakvere. 1919 - 1939 was living in Tallinn. 1939 emigrated to Germany.

Kunda in Kirchspiel Maholm, Viru-Nigula Parish in Virumaa County, at present the Kunda Municipality in Lääne-Virumaa County. Viru-Nigula Parish - 25 km east-north of Rakvere, 13 km south-east of Kunda. "At the end of 1860s the owner of Kunda Manor John Girard de Soucanton became interested in the possibility of producing cement. Since 1893 steam engines were used for mining raw material, and a hydroelectric power station was completed at the same time (the first in all Estonia)". Gustav John Edmund Baron Girard de Soucanton, from Selgs b. 1863 in Kunda. His wife Sophie Eleonore (Ellinor) Girard de Soucanton (von Rosenbach). His grandfather from Reval, Johann Carl Baron Girard de Soucanton b. 1785. The Girard family was originally from the French countryside Languedoc - Roussillon.

Bliebernicht Johann Eduard began producing beer in 1869. He was bought in Pärnu a mechanical plant. In 1910 introduced the first electric motors.

1899 founded in Tallinn, electric motors and generators manufacturing factory 'Volta'. The first power plant was built in factories, for example in Narva, Kunda cement factory, a train factory in Tallinn, Pärnu in 1907. Followed by Tartu, Viljandi, Valga and Vőru city. In 1907 the first public power station was opened in Estonia and Pärnu was the first city in the whole of Russia, where the streets had light bulbs. The generator operated the steam engine and the electric went to city street lighting. The Pärnu plant was ready in 1907; because it would have been cheaper to use coal to heat the plant, in 1910 this plant has been rebuilt and expanded.

Carl Wilhelm Luther born 1859 in Tallinn, d. 1903 in Berlin, as a son of the German Baltic merchant and entrepreneur Alexander Martin Luther (1810-1876) and his wife Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). Carl's older brother was the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914), Carl Wilhelm Luther concluded in 1885, the Polytechnic of the Livonian capital Riga in mechanical engineering, working in St. Petersburg, and next he returned to Estonia; Carl was the technical director of the wood and furniture company; there were a power station, a drying system for wood; 1898, the company was the joint stock company, technical director Carl Wilhelm Luther; introduced aircraft, automobile and railway parts. In London, the export company Venesta in 1897 was founded, which had the sole distribution rights of the products in the British Empire;
Christian and Carl Luther in April 1899 founded the Volta factory in Tallinn, which focused on the manufacture of electric motors and generators for the Russian market; he held the post of Director of the corporation (see Schaub). Both brothers attended the World's Fair in 1900 in Paris. Carl Wilhelm Luther was son of Alexander Martin Luther and Henriette Caroline Luther, and was husband of Sidney Frances; he was father of Winifred Luther, by Ilmar Raudmägi.
Alexander Martin Luther b. 1810 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Christian II Wilhelm Luther and Johanna Amalie Amalie. Brother of Gerdruta Carolina Paulsen; Auguste Charlotte Luther; Catharina Henriette Luther; Helene Amalie Luther; Johann Christian Luther; Leopold Luther; Moritz Wilhelm Luther and Ferdinand Wilhelm Luther, by Lasse Söderström, Raul Kalev, Epp Ehasalu. Above mentioned Johanna Amalie Amalie Luther nee Gebauer b. 1774; daughter of Johann David Gebauer, II.
Above Christian II Wilhelm Luther b. 1774 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Georg Christian Luther, II and Maria Helene. Copyright by Lasse Söderström and Ehasalu. Above Georg Christian Luther, II was born 1717 in Breslau / Wrocław, Poland.

In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory. In 1910 the 'Inthal & Co.' power station to get electric lights downtown businesses, the first permanent cinema and residential houses in Viljandi. 1912 the city constructed a new power plant.

On the Hacker or Hakker family from Estonia:
Hacker / Hakker / Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961; his son Gert Hacker / Hangelaid; his brother Hugo Wilhelm Eduard Hacker b. 1884; his father Wilhelm Hacker b. 1852, grandfather (Szymon) Siim Hacker b. 1817. About above named Gottfried Hacker or Hakker: engineer, Wismar Polytechnic 1909 - 1913, Lehola / Leola 1913, Kunda 1918.
Gottfried Hacker or Hakker was living in Harjumaa, Lehola / Leola in 1913.
About above Siim Hacker b. 1817; his sons: Constantin Johann Hacker b. 1859 d. on February 28, 1926 in Keila - Keila town is 5 km north-east of Lehola, Harju County, and Keila is west of Saku; Gustav Hacker b. 1854 Hiiumaa - island, west of Haapsalu, died on September 28, 1917 in Tallinn, Harjumaa (his daughter Olga-Pauline Hacker b. 1876 d. 1877).

Lehola:
here was born in 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola / Lehola as above, Estonia - and his sons:
1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857; and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет (Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa.
Sophia nee Armand was the daughter of Ivan Armand from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede from Estonia - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker among others from Lehola) about 1850. No data about this Swede but this family gone from Estland / Eesti / Estonia. From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second'. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan Armand and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hekke / Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker from Estonia, but roots from Sweden or Sverige?!) about 1850. The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg.

In 1912 released the first high-frequency machine for wireless telegraphy and telephony by Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company.


When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010).
The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. 

We manufactured an electrical accessory and magnetos for aero engines in the  beginning of  the First world war. A Swiss / French share (since 1904) of DEKA Joint Stock Society with brand name  "Duflon"  in  St  Petersburg manufactured electric accessory for naval fleet of Russian army, but also  for other defensive enterprises. The Russian - Japanese war in 1904 - 05 and the First world war were  with the best years, according to http://konkretno.ru/  and shareholders had taken up the advantage of  this prosperity. Total employees rose over 3 times only in "Duflon" proper in heyday 1914 - 1916, and  the production - 6 times. The factory manufactured radio sets and broadcasting stations (see about the  Boncz  Brujewicz  family), engines for automobiles and for planes. The "Duflon" had opened a branch in  Aleksandrovsk  / Zaporozhye that later on manufactured the "Zaporozhets" cars in "Zaporozhskiy  Avtomobilnyi Zavod" (Auto Works of Zaporozhye in Ukraine)!

1915 

DEKA JSC in December 1915 bought buildings and equipment in a town   Aleksandrovsk  in order to changeover of activity. 

During the First World War the firm DECA was one of the best electrical companies in the country, was equipped with American equipment and have trained engineers, technicians and production staff. For 1914 - 1917 value of the new equipment has increased from 473 thousand to 2.5 million rubles; in 1897 one ruble = 0.774 grams gold. 

The monthly production volume in July 1914 to December 1916 increased by 6 times.

On 24 October 1917 value belonging to the plant property, plant and equipment was estimated at 5.5 million rubles. 

To 1917 plant was a wide-venture and had 6 major divisions: the ship and shore-based tower systems, searchlight, aviation, mechanical, magneto and telegraph technology, in which there were 17 workshops (a searchlight or spotlight is an apparatus that combines a bright light source with some form of curved reflector or other optics to project a powerful beam of light ... By 1907 it was using to assist attacks against torpedo boats, enemy ships at greater distances, were also used by battleships and were installed on many coastal artillery batteries). 

DECA paid good dividends on the market in 1913: 500-ruble share of the Company was assessed at the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange at 850 rubles. 

The capital of 750 thousand rubles as 1500 registered shares by 500 rubles, only in 1903 had given net profit totaled 62.1 thousand rubles. In 1913, fixed capital - 1.5 mln rubles, that is 1500 shares at 500 rubles and 7500 shares at 100 rubles; balance - 4.181.995 rubles; dividend - 12 % per share for 500 rubles and 3 rubles 12 kopeek per share for 100 rubles.

From June 1901 to October 1917 Joint-stock company 'Deca' has received about 3.5 million rubles net profit.

In June 1918 the company was nationalized. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Petersburg - the number of workers in 1900 - 1910 year: 170 and in 1911 - 1917: 250 or in January 1905 - 179 workers; in January 1914 - 240; 1917 - more than 820. The factory produced an electro-mechanical equipment for the Navy of Russia.
Around the same time, i.e. in the summer of 1915, Joint Stock Company 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (or 'Deca') offered an airplane with a bullet with 'a four-sided feathers'. The bullet was cast from solid lead alloy, the stabilizer was made of tin. Bullets 'with feathers sided' with the other models under the guidance of Professor Zhukovsky were purged in the aerodynamic laboratory of the Imperial Moscow Technical School and received the highest rating-known scientist. The bullet 'Deka' or 'DK' has the best aerodynamic performance. In the end, that since the end of 1915 the company 'Syromyatnikov, Ovchinnikov, Shatsky & Co.' and JSC 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' became the main suppliers of such weapons for the Russian Army, launching a large-scale enterprises in their production. Bullets, 'DK' have been designed so well that no change had existed prior to the 20s of the 20th cent., survived war and civil war. The tests took place in this time showed complete failure of an engineer V. V. Dybovsky / W. Dybowski design of bullets and a bullets from foundry of E. E. Novitsky / E. Nowicki.

Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and 'НиТ' / 'Nauka i Technika', 8 (75), 2012 by Мороз С. Г. / Moroz S. G.

"...Our magazine printed articles about the world's first heavy bomber 'Ilya Muromets'. ... more recently the editors received archival documents that shown new light on some of the events of World War I on the unique heavy airplane of Sikorsky and enterprises of JSC 'Motor Sich', which was called in those days 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co. / Дюфлон, Константинович...', or abbreviated DECA. These materials have been provided courtesy of the Museum of the plant 'Motor Sich'... Such opportunities have factory 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.'. By the time the plant passed the reorganization and was named 'Company of electromechanical structures', but the old mark of DECA continued to be used, as has been widely known for about twenty years. Its managing director Peter P. Azbelev signed on September 9, 1915 contract with the military-technical management, taking the following commitments:
'1. Reference samples ... and the exact basis of general conditions and the annexed lists, and specifications that will be subsequently given to the Company by the Chief Military-technical management, manufacture and deliver ... a) one hundred types of Benz motors 150 HP at 16,200 rubles for the motor, and b) one hundred sets of spare parts for 1,570 rubles per set, and c) twenty additional kits to them / 12 / 15.250 per set, and d) twenty five engines like Mercedes 100-150 HP at 11,340 rubles for the engine, and e) twenty five complete sets of spare parts in 1500 per set, and e) five additional sets to them 14,000 rubles per set, and the total amount of two million four hundred and seventy three thousand (2.473.000) rubles.
2) Testing of engines produced by the supplier according to the rules that will be given to the public by the Office.
3) The company shall manufacture the aforesaid engines and spare parts for Russian factories and present at the factories for inspection and examination of the selection committee: motors of 150 HP, the first five engines and five sets of spare parts and an extra set of spare parts after ten months of the issuance to the Company of the sample, while the remaining 150 HP engines and sets of spare parts for them ... in the next delivery for the first eight months (and) the last month of 11 motors and 14 sets of spare parts. Engines Mercedes by the 100-105 HP - the first one motor, a spare parts kit and one extra set of spare parts in ten months from the date the sample ...
4) On receipt of engines and spare parts supplier undertakes at its own expense sealing and delivering them to the central warehouse near by the aeronautical school, or at one of the railway stations in Petrograd as directed by the Engineering Department, as well as to send them - if you need - to (at no extra cost to the Treasury) - on the proposals of the military department - a place as directed by the Engineering Department...'. Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and журнал НиТ: №8(75), 2012 г.

The contract was signed from the War Department by the head of the Technical Department, Major General GVTU Bolotov.
Company Dyuflon and Konstantinovich possessed relatively large and well-equipped production facilities, in addition having major plants in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and several more branches in major provincial centers of the Russian Empire, but they were loaded with military production, and had no opportunity to place another order ... requiring the development of two new products. In search of the site for the new production ..., called attention to the company of brothers Moznaim in Alexandrovsk in Ukraine (now a city of Zaporozhye). His owners could not find the military orders... Case the brothers were not going well ... and soon the plant changed owner. On the organization a motor branch of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Alexandrovsk and the modernization of the company told the 'S & T' / 'Nauka i Technika' number of January 2011 ... We remind the reader only two dates in the history of the company in December 1915 signed a bill of sale, and in April 1916, had already been built new production buildings with modern - purchased in the U.S. and delivered through Archangel and Vladivostok - equipment. Next were built and other buildings, as well as construction, the specifics of which was related to the future profile of the company. ... began testing station, a large building with a spacious stand, necessary utilities, electric lighting and ventilation. Following the expansion of the plant is the largest enterprise in Russia ... and one of the best equipment ...
The first five-row six-cylinder engines, 'DECA' M-100 with parts and an additional set had to pass by the end of August 1916. It was very difficult: the German construction 'did not fit' with either adopted our technology ... or with the ... Russian and American machines. It was necessary to understand the materials used by German designer and pick up a replacement of domestic production ... the effort to 'adapt' engine 'Mercedes' to our manufacturing taken engineer Vorobyov, and the development of more powerful 'Benz' ... engineer Kireev. ... but the first step has been taken - and in August 1916 the motor 'DECA' M-100 was presented to the control tests. Major General Pniewski reported in St. Petersburg: '...the first engine made entirely of Russian materials, was set in motion and gave satisfactory results'. The plant began to implement the agreement in full. So, the issue of engines was started.
And although by the time the Office of Air Force managed to establish some order to force manufacturers to make this airplane, according to their calculation, the production of the aircraft has failed. And in the following events in 1917, ... you can not find the information in the documents on what engines from Alexandrovsk were to installed to particular variety of aircraft "Ilya Muromets". ... In addition, the well-known book of V. B. Shavrov 'History of aircraft design in the USSR until 1938', states that the motor 'deka' (in the book it is called the M-101) was installed on the aircraft, 'Lebed XI'.
In 1917 began the turbulent events ... All year management and staff of the Alexandrov factory DEKA did everything possible to continue production of engines and save the company ... but 'Company' could no longer exist (after November 1917) in the same form and on December 24, 1917 the company was terminated / adjourned. Although less than a month, the Soviet government decree that plant was nationalized (January 1918), the Company under the circumstances was unable to work...".

1916 -  1917   
   
The Deka built up the military manufactory of aeroengines in a town  Aleksandrovsk (i.e. in Zaporozh'e either Zaporoze or Zaporizhzhya / Zaporozhye) in 1916. The Stavka (Supreme High Command of the Russian Military)  and  Russian military intelligence was interested in such experimental production with advanced  technology in actuality and this headquarters laid down actual line of research into the Deka mechanical  powers for  aircraft, e.g.  general P. W. Pniewski ordered to enforce norms of special steel for aeroengines in  Petrograd at the end  of 1916.  Copyright by Техника - молодёжи 2007-10, страница 31
   The "Main war - technical board" under W. A. Semkowski concluded a big contract with joint stock  company of electrical firms (i.e. particular, separate businesses from Duflon / Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.  abbreviated as  DEKA) from Petrograd on 01 February 1916 in order to construct in the plant of DEKA two experimental aircrafts of professor Gheorghe Botezat  by 01 or 20 October 1917 (with aeroengine "Renault" and  with a gyroscope  - wheel which, when spinning fast, keeps steady the object in which it is fixed - the first automatic pilot) but  the professor  has been gone abroad earlier.
   The stock society DEKA received twice considerable government  subsidies on research & development in 1916 but the magnetos to aero engines produced here continuously in co-operation with the Petrograd  Polytechnic Institute (magneto i.e. electric apparatus for producing sparks in the ignition system of an internal combustion  engine). Copyright by Роман Гусаров Roman Gusarow and Жаннa Храмченко Zanna Chramczenko And it was soon built the section of aero engines in Zaporozhye = Zaporizhzhya under the general chief N. R. Brilling; an area of the factory had got 39 millions m² according to "History of building airplanes  in the  USSR" by B. V. Shavrov of 1985. In 1915, 'Deca' bought the plant of Moznaimov brothers and rebuild it under the issue of internal combustion engines and in particular - aviation; the first contract with the Government for an engine type '100' and 20 engines type Benz - Mercedes. The Mersedes (i.e. Mercedes) aero engines manufactured here in the  second half of  1916 and expected 10 - 15 engines monthly (e.g. the Mercedes - type 100 hp from DEKA factory and  "Deka M-100" in Zaporozh'e as early as 28 September 1916, at a later date DEKA 166/168/170 hp and it were produced here  ten aero engines   DEKA 129 hp with six cylinders monthly in the end of 1916, and DEKA M-170 hp in 1917; extra the "Benz"  and "Mercedes"   aero engines manufactured here also in 1917; the DEKA Company learned production of the piston engines  since September 1916: M-6, M-11, M-22, M-85, M-86, M-87, M-88, Ash-87FN, Ash-62JR, often superior  and better than foreign engines).  
   Major General Pniewski said in parliament about the DEKA company in  November 1916: "This is the first aeroengine as a whole from the Russian materials of experimental line of 5 pieces by 100 hp". The day of complete success - DEKA M-100, the first Russian six-cylinder water cooled engine constructed on 15 / 28 September 1916. This date can be regarded as the birthday of Russian domestic air industry; before 1916 Russia only imported aircraft engines.

So incompetent paralleled researches into the Mercedes engines conducted Anthony Fokker in Germany who was from  Holland and Heinrich Focke b. 1890. About details and photos of the MERCEDES aviation engines or on the  Mercedes-Daimler Motorengesellschaft from Stuttgart-Unterturkheim, see: "Jane's fighting Aircraft of World War I", by John  W. R. Taylor, England 1919 and London 1990 ("Studio Editions").  

The War Department wants to procure large quantities an airplane's bullets and even in 1917 our Joint-stock company 'Deka' was commissioned 400 thousand 'bullets, to shoot from airplanes' but the plant in July passed this order the army.

At present in 2007 "LSR Group planned to open 3 new first class business-centers. Electric City business centre of 340 thousand square metres was designed by architects Sergey Choban and Evgeny Gerasimov in 10, Copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/Medikov Prospect in St Petersburg, in the historic building of 'Duflon, Konstantinovich and Co' plant - 'Electric plant'. ... LSR Group founded in 1993, LSR Group is one of the leading real estate development, construction and building materials companies in Russia". Under copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/

 I  will take pains to collect information on all and  somebody who reads  need to know about.  You don't need to thank me; I'm happy to help whenever I can. I think that we are all  agreed in this matter, and therefore there needs no more words about it..  

'Omsk Engine-Building Production Association' originates from the plant in Alexandrovsk /  Zaporizhia, a joint stock company 'Deka' and produces aviation piston engines of foreign models. Was restored in 1920. 

"The area covered by brick-made production buildings of this factory exceeded any of then available engine works in the tsarist Russia and it   was equipped as one of the best; the Mercedes-type 100 hp single-row water-cooled  six-cylinder  engine assembled here in September 1916 and designated Deka M-100 became the firstling of the  company; the date of its manufacture was accepted as the birthday of the Company (i.e. in Zaporozh'e =   Aleksandrovsk or Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya); later on the engine power has been increased to 129 hp and  then to 168 hp due to efforts of Deka experts who managed to do this" (quotation from Vyacheslav   Boguslayev, Chairman of Board and Director General Motor Sich JSC of 2001; this quotation without the Author's  written permission, so see: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/motor-sich.htm); the engine was  installed to power several modifications of four-engine "Ilya Muromets" aircraft (with the Argus engine  too; for the first time attempted to produce "Benz" and "Argus" engines in the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works that  evacuated from Riga to Petersburg in 1915 but 10 months waited for steel in 1915/16; more than 70 military versions of  the "Ilia Mourometz" were built for use as bombers within 1913 - 1917; in all, 75 bombers were delivered, and roughly half of them saw combat; twenty similar airplanes had  been produced in 1916 and five built in September 1916 were not noticed by military command - were probably with engines of experimental line of 5  pieces Deka M-100; 15 March 1916 the 1st Aero Squadron begins operations) developed by the famous Polish aircraft designers Igor I.  Sikorsky and  his collaborator eng. Witold Jarkowski; outliving the fires of Civil War - sequestration by the Bolshevik authorities in January  1918 - "the  factory has commenced to repair and then to manufacture the parts for Renault aircraft engines" after 1921.   The section of aero engines in  Zaporozhye =  Zaporizhzhya employed as workers for years: in 1916 - 191 employees, 1917 - 420, and at the beginning of 1918 - 416 persons.  

   Завод ''Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко.' 1914  арх. М. М. Чижов, Улица Академика Павлова, 8; проспект Медиков, 3.

   Employees of ours

Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling
elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.
 Brilling i.e. Briling; Russian, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after  completion  of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's  "Iskra", 1907 doctor in field of engines, 1908 - 1915 professor of the Moscow Polytechnic and chief of a special engine lab here, 1911 wrote thesis about internal combustion engines;  Zaporoze, DEKA Company - Copyright by Двигатель №4 (58) 2008 г_ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ОАО МОТОР СИЧ

"the Soviet Council of Labor and Defense issued instructions for the creation of a Commission for Organization of the Design of the Aerosled = KOMPAS in 1919, and the membership of the commission included such leading designers as N. E. Zhukovskiy - its scientific director and N. R. Briling, who  was  selected (according to  Valeriy Potapov; this quotation without the Author's written permission) as director of KOMPAS - it was Briling  himself who had laid the foundation for aerosled design shortly before World War I  in 1912 - mass production of  transport aerosleds was begun in the Russo-Balt i.e. Russian-Baltic Plant in Tsarist Russia". The 'DEKA' company gave work and bread for many future communists:
Antyuhin Fokich Ivan (1894-1938), Mavrin I. F., A.I. Ionov, Michail Georgievich Belov (1881-1936), Skorokhodov Kastorovich Alexander (1880-1919), Sutkevich Pavel Antonovich (1871 - 1919) and Alexander Alexeyev Yemelyanovich in St. Petersburg - then become a draftsman, designer, and finally, an assistant manager at the plant 'Duflon'.

Wladymir Jakowlewicz Klimow
 after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic in 1917 worked as trainee in DEKA factory in  Zaporozhye, he designed a certain aero engine of his own here in 1917 and received an award at professor N. R. Brilling's  hands (Klimow i.e. Klimov; Russian, b. 1892, main constructor of the Soviet aeroengines since 1935). 

In August 1916 was a test of the first aircraft engine 'DECA M-100'. Inline six-cylinder water cooling, such as 'Mercedes'. His drawings created under the direction of engineer Vorobyov from Alexandrovsk / Zaporozhye Plant of St. Petersburg stock company Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co., abbreviated as DECA but "in this study involved a student of the Moscow higher Imperial Technical School - Vladimir Klimov - the future chief designer of engines 'VC', founder of the OKB-117 (now JSC 'Klimov', Saint Petersburg), which took place at the time as the factory practice".
   


Bedrich  Urban  

(born 1880, d. 1940?)  

signed on with the Konstantynowiczs in year 1908 and he worked for  "Duflon & Konstantynowicz" 1908 - 1911 in St Petersburg.

Urban has got experience from "Tallinn Volta" 1904 - 1908.

Bedrich Urban was  engineer  constructor  and after

1911 - 1918 worked for Siemens - Schuckert  factory in St Petersburg

as  director manager according to Rain  Vaikla. 1918 came back to Estonia and he was owner of the 'Bureau Ins. B. Urban & Co.' for technical products and metal products business, tools, engines, steam engines, turbines and Skoda car factory representation in Estonia. 'Siemens-Halske' played a key role in the formation of the St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry before the First Warld War but in this city were other businesses: 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'United Cable Plants', 'Schuckert and Co.', 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', 'Society battery factories Tudor'. From 1898 'Plant of dynamos Siemens-Schuckert' and in 1895, Erickson launched the company 'NK Geisler and Co.', which has American roots. 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. All the rest were foreigners, mainly British and Germans but however, one plant was with mixed capital: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' so-called 'Deca', but it was mainly French. 

http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian merchants: Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company

According to JOHN SPARGO an  author  of   "RUSSIA  AS AN AMERICAN PROBLEM", ed. NEW YORK  and LONDON  in 1920 by Harper  & Brothers: 

"The four  principal  manufacturers of electrical machinery in Russia were   Siemens - Schuckert, General Electric  Company,  Siemens &  Halske, and Duflon,   Konstantynowicz & Co. These companies  made  practically all the generators and transformers   produced in  Russia, the first two companies  named  producing two-thirds of the whole. Of the four  companies named three were simply Russian  branches  of  German concerns, the  last   named, the   Duflon-Konstantynowicz firm, being French. These  factories were quite unable to meet the demand for   generators,  transformers and  other electrical   machinery even before the war".

Russian aircraft factories in the Russian Empire in 1915:

1. Rusian - Baltic Plant (RBVZ): departments of aviation in Riga and St. Petersburg. In 1910 Sikorsky built C6, C10, C12, C22. 2. Zavod 1st All-Russian Association of aeronautics (Shchetinin). 3. 'The aeronautics company (Lebedev, from 1913 to Petrograd). 4. Zavod V. Slyusarenko, 1912 Riga, Bleriot aircraft. 5. Fabrika A. A. Porohovschikova, Petrograd in 1914. 6. Company 'Dux' since 1910 aircraft Farman, Voisin, Deperdyussen. 7. Aviatsionny plant F. F. Mosca. 8. Masterskaya I. I. Steglau in 1911 Petrograd. 9. Zavod A. A. Anatra 1913, Odessa, Simferopol. 10. Company Mathias, from 1914 Berdyansk, the Schütte-Lanz airships. 11. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', Aleksandrovsk in the Ekaterinoslav province, the Argus engines for sale under license. 12. Russian factories Daimler. According to: P. D. Duz, 'The history of aeronautics and aviation in Russia': 1. Russian-Baltic Shipyard (RBVZ) manufactured liquid-cooled engine capacity of 166 liters; RBVZ type-6 Argus have been designed by RBVZ in Riga. The evacuation to Petrograd loss of skilled personnel, equipment and system of production and finance. 2. Plant 'Motor': in the summer of 1915 from Riga to Moscow was evacuated the plant of 'Motor' association which already had experience in building of rotating engines. 3. JSCompany of P. Ilin; producing of engines to cars was involved in workshops of the Ilin company in Moscow. 4. the aviation company in Simferopol; it was created as a branch of the Aviation Plant A. Anatar located in Odessa by the beginning of 1917. 5. Deka in Zaporoze / Aleksandrowsk / Alexandrowsk. 6. In Rostov-on-Don was the Agricultural Machinery Plant 'Aksai' began to create the aviation department and has received an order for monthly production of 30 engines of the 'Mercedes'; 7. and many related industries as Singer in Podolsk.  

Comment on Gheorghe Botezat  

Gheorghe Botezat either doctor George, Geogrij, Georges A. de Bothezat or Georg A. Botezat, Botezatu, was born in Iasi i.e. Jassy in Romania 1883 or 1882 - died in Dayton, Ohio in USA 1940 (photo from http://www.hill.af.mil/museum below). Botezat learnt in Sereth, next graduating in 1908 at Kharkiv Institute of Technology, and two years of study at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1911, was a doctor in field of aviation; a Russian  aeronautical engineer and  mathematician; professor of the  Petrograd Polytechnic  Institute in the beginning of the First world war; worked for DEKA in  Petrograd / St  Petersburg 1914 -  1917 and next he stayed in Iasi at the  turn  of 1918; Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Prof. Bothezat from Romania.wrote (1918) letter and report "General Theory of  the  Screw" (air-screw i.e. propeller of an aircraft); at a later date he wrote off to Subcommittee on Buildings, Laboratories and Equipments in  Feb. 1919 and ( by http://avia.russian.ee/vertigo/bothezat-r.html ) the US  Army Air Corps awarded a contract in January 1921 to Dr. George  de  Bothezat and Ivan Jerome (i.e. Eremeeff, Jeromiejew or Jerome - after a  millionaire   inventor from Long Island and next owner of the Massapequa Farmers Market, the 59-year old Jerome was arrested in 1955, freed on $100,000 bond, he  jumped bail and disappeared; there were reports he had been   seen everywhere from Russia to South America, but he was never found; by   http://www.newsday.com/extras/lihistory) to develop a vertical flight  machine; this helicopter, designated the Engineering Division H-1  and designed by George De Bothezat and Ivan (Eremeeff) Jerome,  made its first public flight on December 18, 1922; George de  Bothezat's Army Helicopter Number 1, nicknamed "The Flying  Octopus", possessed 1 x the 180 hp Le Rhone radial engine (Rhone 134 kW).
Copyright by http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Документальные источники: Duflon and Konstantinovich Company


Count Albert R. de Gern / Albert Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company. His neighbours at I. Lidvall / Lidval house in 1912 - 1916 in St Petersburg: G. Bunge, a retired engineer, member of Russian locomotive and mechanical plant in Kharkov, Management Board of Russian-Belgian Metallurgical Society; M. Weiss, the daughter of Vice Admiral, Grotkus Anna von Erne baroness and Grube, Ernest Charles, the Discount and Loan Bank of Persia - Chairman, Board of Siberian Commercial Bank in St. Petersburg, Committee of the Sisters of Mercy of the Red Cross in 1912; Ramseyer ? / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. / Ramsayer, gentleman, office in the Ministry of Imperial Court.
After Revolution the family of Gern (von Gernet?) stayed in the St. Cloud in France. Even in St. Petersburg, Lina de Gern was acquaintance of Anna Pavlovna Pavlova second, a dancer of Russian ballet. Youngest son Nicholas, Frenchman was released from the Marine Corps in the spring of 1917 with the rank of warrant officer and was assigned to the cruiser. The Minister of Marine, Grigorovich has sent him in fall of 1917 to America on charges of ordering new ships. In New York he fell in love with some actress and decided to marry her. In 1918, shot himself. The eldest son Sergei, from post-war Paris, in 1920 went to America. They all were Catholic. Count de Gern for a long time was married to the daughter of the Marquis de Segur, and the Catholic Church does not recognize divorce; the count went to the family estate in the north of France. The consequence of loss of personal funds was that the Count appeared in St. Petersburg as a representative of the French capital invested in the steel factory Makeyevka in southern Russia. De Gern on August 19, 1906 second time married, lived close to Kozelsk and in St. Petersburg. Acquaintance of the Gern family: the family of Zapolsky, Sergei N. Aksakov with son of Boris and daughter Xenia, Peter V. Blokhin and Princess Nadezhda Vyazemskaya from Mogilev, Alexei Nikolayevich Yergolsky from a estate south of Kozelsk.

M. S. Sitnikov employees of ours. 

Nikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik born 1888, was a Russian politician and employees of ours - 1902.
CHARLE Masson Ph. / son of Philiberte / Philibert Masson was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow). Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935) - hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'. Also: W. W. Kiriejew engineer in Aleksandrowsk (Benz engines) and Alexander Medvedev born 1900, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs BASSR - he began his career in 1913 at 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg. Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway. Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki. And from the Tomsk Province Basil Bunkov since 1915 in St Petersburg. 

Valentin Petrovich Vologdin
1881 - 1953.
According to Jan Schneiberg / Ian Shneyberg: "Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was born 1881. His father, Piotr A. Vologdin worked as a mining superintendent of the Kuva Metallurgical Plant. ... After moving this family to Perm, Valentin ... enrolled in 1892 to Perm real school. ... In 1900 he successfully passed the examinations to the Petersburg Institute of Technology. ... participated in the demonstrations of the revolutionary ... students. ... he was arrested ... Through the application of a professors of Technology Institute, he was enrolled in the engineering corps soldier ...". V. P. Vologdin began his work after return to St. Petersburg. His real activity began in 1910 in the field of the construction of Russian-built generators for radio communications. "V. P. Vologdin created several original designs, the first of which was built in 1912 for naval stations. ... in 1912, has developed its own ... radiogenerator ... to the naval radio station, manufactured by the factory of Glebov. A year later, in 1913, Vologdin creates a more powerful machine (6 kW at a frequency 20 kHz), which was used for radiotelephone between crests and the main port of Admiralty in St. Petersburg at a distance of 5 km". He worked for the French - Russian plant in 1912 - 1918, now part of the Admiralty shipyard, the plant  “Duflon & Konstantinovich” (Deka); he designed a certain generator at the plant Electrik (former Deka) in St. Petersburg, and also an high frequency alternator for radio engineering purposes in Russia, with 2 kW, 60 kHz for the Navy and planned to work on much larger machines for radio stations and (1915) on heavy aircraft Ilya Murometz by Igor I. Sikorski.  Igor Sikorsky airplane with co-operation of DEKA.Prof. Valentin Petrovich Vologdin played an outstanding role in radio engineering and electrotechnology. "V. P. Vologdin becomes head of the technical bureau at the plant 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' near by St. Petersburg. The company produced the high-power generators, which were cheaper than foreign and reliable in operation. ... representatives of foreign firms invited him to work, but he rejected all the proposals and wants to create own research laboratory. During the ... war ... Valentin Petrovich was already working as technical director, produced not only high-frequency machine radios, and generators for airplanes, different equipment for military installations". "He played a special role in the development of the Russian radio industry initially as an expert in power conversion technique and then as one of its organizers. Vologdin is also a pioneer of high frequency electrotechnology" (see: research by Vladimir I. Roginskii, published in 1981, Leningrad). Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was the founder of the industrial use of  high-frequency current technology including shipbuilding, with Michail Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich), the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia.

In 1918, Valentin Petrovich Vologdin in Lower Novgorod set up scientific Electrotechnical Laboratory to create radio Science Center, founded the summer of 1918. He has built two transmitters spark station at Tsarskoe Selo and Khodynskoe field in Moscow together with M. Bonch-Bruevich, creator of the world's first electronic tube generator with a copper anode, cooled water.

Azbelev Peter P. , b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, died after 1927, the Soviet Union. From the hereditary nobility. A retired major-general of the Russian fleet and when the first Russian ocean armored cruiser 'Dmitriy Donskoy' carried out investigations off the coast of the Korean Peninsula in 1896, the crew of the cruiser gave names to islands, capes and bays in honor of the members of the crew: P. P. Azbelev, A. A. Bek-Dzhevagirov, G. I. Butakov, Vitgeft, Gildebrandt, Govorlivyy, Dundukov-Korsakov, G. S. Zavoyko, Semenov V. I. and Shtorre. We can to see familiar names given by the Russian sailors on German maps of Korea published in 1904, according to Nikolai Komedchikov of the Russian Academy of Science. His father Paul B. Azbelev, d. after 1901, a retired Councillor of State, lived in St. Petersburg, Kolpino No 7. Brothers and sisters: Nicholas d. 1912, major-general of the Admiralty, Ivan b. 1862, died in Ekaterinburg 1931, Alexander d. 1913, Constantine b. 1895 died after 1920, Julia d. after 1913; wife Elizabeth F. d. after 1913, lived with her husband in St. Petersburg, Apothecary No 6. Son Paul b. 1900, St. Petersburg d. after 1932, arrested 1932. About the family of the above named Azbelev: 1. Azbelev, I. P., 'Yaponiya i Koreya', published by A. Levenson, Moscow, 1895, 276 pp. 2. Acc. to Yuan Tung-Li: Azbelev, Nikolai Pavlovich, d. 1912. P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt'.

Armand Alexandr / Alexander E., hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Armand Evgenii / Evgeny E., hereditary honorable citizen, counselor; chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.' Alexander Kastorovich Skorokhodov, a worker-Bolshevik, in Petrograd 1916 and he worked at the plant 'Dyuflon'.

Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - the history of creation and organization of production of the first Soviet vacuum tubes is going to Bonch-Bruevich and to the outstanding Soviet technologist F. I. Stupak; after moving to St Petersburg, 1896 he met Vologdin; in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916).
  
Pavel Antonovich Sutkiewicz son of Antoni Sutkiewicz. Born 8 / 20 September 1871 in Saratov, nobleman, the Roman-Catholic, Polish, died 24 August 1919. He left a lot of articles in 'Elektrichestvo', by Russian Imperial Technic Society. P. A. Sutkievich was living in Samara and in 1892 Odessa, and after 1892 studied at the St Petersburg Technical University, to 1897. Since 1897 worked for 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company' in Petersburg (office job), 1898 was living in Lower Novgorod. Acc. to A. G. Udincew.
Ian A. Berzin / Janis Berzinš b. November 29, 1890, died April 14, 1938. Soviet trade unionist. In 1915, Ian A. Berzin began working in the plant of General Electric Company. The First World War forced the government to evacuate some of the plants from Riga to Petrograd. Together with other workers, Jan Berzin goes to the Russian capital, Petrograd and to factories of Puzyrev, Dyuflon, Rakovitski, Geri, Siemens-Schuckert.

Cooperant of our factories 

Igor I. Sikorsky (or Sikorski) born 1889, he spent three years at the Naval College in St. Petersburg 1903 - 1906; Sikorsky's success  helped win him a job as head of the airplane division of the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works in Petersburg 1912 - 1917, that is where he  developed his first major new airplane design.  The R-BVZ manufactured trains, airplanes, engines and automobiles, and it was run by M. W.  Szydlowski, who had insight into the importance of aviation's future; the engineering and technical staff at the R-BVZ was expanded by  Sikorsky  who brought many of them along with him from Kiev; the first airplane built by Sikorsky and his staff at the R-BVZ was the S-6B  which was a modified version of the S-6A (by Carl Bobrow - this quotation without the Author's written permission). In 1920 a business - company of 'Sikorsky - Ukraine', was half of state company, started to operate. 

1917

Comment on  Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya  

Announcement on autonomy of Ukraine in April 1917 and the first Declaration of   independence  by Ukraine on 20 November 1917 involved Zaporozhye but shortly assumption of power by the Soviets in January 1918. In 1918 the 'Deca' factory in Zaporozhye was nationalized and in 1923 was renamed on the 'State Aircraft Plant No 9 Bolshevik' - 1995 as JSC 'Motor Sich'. "The Peace of Bread"  concluded by Germany,  Austria - Hungary and  Turkey with the Ukraine:  acceptance of the Ukr. state on 09 February  1918, and Treaty of  Brest-Litovsk  on 03 Mar. 1918 recognized the Ukraine as ind. state and  thus the Austria -  Hungarys Army occupied Zaporozhye since April by November 1918, next Skoropadsky and the Ukrainian Directory since November 1918 by March 1919, general  Denikin since May  1919 by December 1919; general Vrangel by October 1920 and conquered  by the Red Army  then. 

Around that time many others the Polish in Russia were involved in studying flights 

1. eng. Theodor Kalep / Kalepa or Kalepas, Estonian by birth, in "Motor" works which evacuated from Riga to Moscow in 1915  (by  http://latvianaviation.com/Pioneers.html here constructed the first Soviet aeroengine in 1919),  
2. Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski (1847 - d. 17 March 1921) called "the father of Russian aviation" wrote about stability of  motion and hydraulic shock in water pipe, one of the world first wind tunnel was built in 1902 at Moscow University under his  supervision and First Europe Aerodynamics Inst. was established in Kuchino in 1904,
3. Stefan Drzewiecki (1844 - 1938) son of Karol, worked in Paris (here edited a handbook in 1916, and died in 1938) and  Petersburg. Drzewiecki met with Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen. The usual guests of Drzewiecki were brothers Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon, botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky, Serbian Prince Karageorgievich. Drzewiecki presented his theory in a detailed report of the Technical Society in April 1884 and published under the title 'The airplanes in under way, the theory of flight experience'. His parents were noble, an ancient clan of the Poles, who owned large estates in the province of Volhynia and a piece of land in Odessa, houses in Warsaw, and so his parents more part of living were in Paris, where he was educated at home and in Lycee St. Barbe.
4. L. Z. Markowicz who edited handbook in St Petersburg in 1911/1913,  

5. major general P. W. Pniewski, chief of the Russian air force who kept  in touch with the Supreme High Command of the Russian Military  and chief officer of  the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" in 1916 (the Pniewski family of Rola  arms verified themselves in Kaunas  A.D. 1799: Maciej son of Stanislaw, and also in 1861: sons of brothers Augustyn and Stanislaw; Ignacy Pniewski son of  Szymon possessed Tarucie estate in the  Kaunas government in 1889); 

6. W. F. Adamienko, owner of an air factory in Moscow,  

7. O. W. Olechnowicz  (lieutenant Alechnovitch) has beaten many records on the small Sikorsky aeroplane; see www.alexanderpalace.org/.../flyingmen.html,  

Stanislaw Dorozynski (the first flight of Russian Naval Aviation at Kulikovo Pole airfield near Sebastopol with pilot S.F.Dorozhinski on 16 September 1910),  

Dybowski, Sredinski, Heyne, Makowiecki, Malynski,  Bronislaw Matyjewicz - Maciejewicz (he studied in France in 1910, died 01.05.1911 near Sebastopol),  

Grzegorz Piotrowski (or Petrovski, he studied in France in 1910),  

Michal Scipio del Campo (or Campo - Scipio, b. at Polesie area in 1883, did a degree in Polytechnic of Lille, his first flight was here in 1905, he studied in France still in 1910, Scipio flew on a plane constructed by Czeslaw Zbieranski & Cywinski in summer 1911),  

Otto Segno (or Henryk Segno, he studied in France by the end of 1910),  

and at a later date B. J. Rossinski, M. G. Lerch, A. J. Rajewski /  A. E. Raievsky (the first Polish to fly in a Bleriot monoplane was a young student, Raievsky) and G. W.  Jankowski /  Yankovsky (when Sikorsky started to build machines of his own, Yankovsky became his pilot)  -  experimental pilots (the Polish were 33 % of Russian pilots in 1911, and besides Lew Maciewicz died in 1910; the others Polish pilots in Russia who served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918: Norvid Kudlo in Babrujsk 1918, captain Zygmunt Studzinski in Minsk 1917 - 1918; besides Stanislaw Jakubowski in Odessa 1917 - 1918 and lieutenant Waldemar Narkiewicz in Odessa 1918 - 1919);

8. W. Hurko - chief of the Committee on Air Force since 1915  and the member of the imperial State's Cabinet, 

9. eng. Butmi, Giedrojc and eng. W. W. Bartoszewicz (i.e. V. V. Bartoshevich, chief of the assembly of aeroplanes; Farman-IV aircraft was built in series under supervision of engineer  Bartoshevich)  at  "Dux" factory in Moscow,  

10. eng. Pozezinski elaborated project of aeroengine in September 1915,  

11.  M. Adam Haber - Wlynski (i.e. Gaber - Vlynskij, b. 1883 - died 1921 in Lublin, he studied in France by the end of 1910 and worked in "Dux" factory near by Alexander station in Moscow; he    flown the most common modification of Russian Farman - IV and had set several ceiling records e.g. April 13th, 1913; next fought in the Poznan province 1919),  

12.  Nagorski (i.e. pilot J. I. Nagurskij did the world  first  flight in Nesterov's  flying boat on September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel   on  November 16th, 1916),  

13. Raczynski - in his big estate in the Smolensk government constructed an airplane factory in 1917,  

14.  patents for aeroengines received during the First world war: D. Wiszniewiecki, captain Jablonski, colonel P. A. Gelwach, lieutenant Fajwiszewicz;  

15. W. A. Semkowski was in command (1916) of the "Main war - technical board of directors" where  was an air section; the section was the base of the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" under major general P.  W. Pniewski (war supply and orders) in 1916, 

16. major general Michal Szydlowski (Sydney Gibbes - who was after appointed English tutor to the Tsar's children in 1908 - spent the summer of 1901 with a family called SHIDLOVSKY = Szydlowski; he was taken on as tutor to two boys and lived in St Petersburg and in their country "dacha" according to "The Romanovs & Mr Gibbes (...)" by Frances Welch, ed. London 2002.

Sydney Gibbes / Charles Sydney Gibbes / Sydney Ivanovich (1876 in Rotherham, Yorkshire, east of Manchester - 1963); a son of John Gibbs - he ran the bank on the corner of High Street and Wellgate and they lived at Bank House - and Mary Ann Elizabeth Fisher, the daughter of a watchmaker.

We know about:

1. in 1865 John Gibbs (b. 1841, banker's clerk of Rotherham, son of John Gibbs senior, plumber) married at the Parish Church, Rotherham, to Mary Ann Elizabeth Fisher, b. 1841 / 1842, of Rotherham, daughter of Walter Fisher, printer;

2. 1875, was born Charles William Albert Florack Fisher, son of Emma and W. J. E. Fisher, at High Street in Rotherham.

3. 1883, died Walter Fisher, copperplate printer, b. 1815, brother of James Fisher of Herne Hill.

4. 1906, died Mary Ann Elizabeth Gibbs, wife of John Gibbs, bank manager, at Old Bank House, Rotherham. Her son was Percy Gibbs, from Erdington.

In 1901 Charles Sydney Gibbes went to Saint Petersburg, Russia, as tutor to the Szydlowski / Shidlovsky family and then the Soukanoff / Suhanov family. Sydney Gibbes spent the summer of 1901 with a family called SHIDLOVSKY = Szydlowski; he was taken on as tutor to two boys and lived in St Petersburg 1901/1908. He was then appointed to the staff of the Imperial School of Law, and by 1907 he was qualified as vice-president and committee member of the Saint Petersburg Guild of English Teachers. Gibbes was appointed English tutor to the Tsar's children in 1908; 1913 he became tutor to Tsarevich Alexei. March 1917 he was in Saint Petersburg at the time, and immediately after returning to Tsarskoe Selo was transported to Tobolsk in Siberia. In May 1918 the Imperial family was moved to Yekaterinburg, but Gibbes and Pierre Gilliard stayed in the railway carriage in Tyumen but returned to Yekaterinburg after the murder of the Imperial family; next Gibbes and Gilliard left for Omsk.

Gibbes was appointed as a secretary to the British High Commission in Siberia in 1919, and after employed at the British Embassy in Beijing and then in the Chinese Maritime Customs in Harbin to 1922.

Gibbes returned to England in 1928, to Oxford, but again back to Harbin, China - 1934 - returned to England in 1937 to London. He died in 1963, and is buried at Headington cemetery in Oxford.

See also below) an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and who was near connected with W. Hurko in 1916, died 1918; 

17. Feliks J. Biske or Biskie was born in Plonsk 13.11.1874 and next lived in Warsaw 1912, physicist and air expert in 1915, in Rostov by Don 1916, Izum in   Ukraine 1924,  

18. Stanislaw Ziembinski manager of aerodynamics lab near by Kiev and director of "Gnome" aeroengines factory in Moscow by June 1915; here captain  Wojtkiewicz, lieutenant Radawski and captain Golubicki also worked in May 1916,  

19. W. J. Sredniewski, expert of aerial photograph,  

20. eng. Wladyslaw Zalewski (chief of the Central air constructional office in Warsaw since 1925) and Franciszek Kaczynski carried out designes of planes in 1915, 

21. Jerzy Jankowski and S. Czerwinski acted as air experts,  

22. Hipolit Lossowski after completion of the Aerial Navigation School (since 1907) commanded the School of Pilots in Moscow since 1916 and the 7th Air Park in 1917, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918,  

23. Gustaw Macewicz after completion of the first Course of pilotage in 1911 commanded the 7th Air Squadro since 1914, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918, the Polish general 1919,  

(The White Corps of General Dowbor Musnicki (Dovbor - Mus'nicki) was composite of the Polish from Russian Army.  Polish society had known in 1918 only  about  nine tsarist Generals, Poles - according to Baginski: Gen. Michaelis, Dowbor Musnicki, Bylewski, Symon, Latour, Jacyna, Lesniewski, Olszewski and  Osinski. According to Olechowski, during the First world war in the tsarist Army served 800.000 Poles (20.000 officers and 102 Generals in November 1917) but only a couple of a dozen or so had gone through to Polish Corps (the 1st, 2nd and 3rd) in 1917 - 1918. According to Szczesny in Lithuanian Army (in 1919) as many 60 % officers came from the 1st Polish Corps, e.g. commands and orders in the Birzai regiment made in Polish (spring 1919). According to Gen. Bylewski (data of April 01st, 1917) 119 Generals - Catholics - mainly the Polish, 20.000 officers and 480.000 - 700.000 private soldiers served in Russian Army and besides 100.000 prisoners of war - Poles. According to Alexander Lednicki in June 1917 in Russian Army served only 314.000 Poles, and according to Gen. Dowbor Musnicki were 300.000 the Polish) 

24. eng. Wsiewolod Jan Jakimiuk next acted in Poland,  

25. Jerzy Rudlicki carried out designes of plane in Odessa in 1910 and Tadeusz Heyne in Kiev 1910, too, 

26. colonel Aleksander Wankowicz was expert in balloons in Russia; 

27. the eldest Pole among above military figures was general Jan Jacyna.

Jan (John) Jacyna born 15 December 1864, died on 10, December 1930 in Warsaw. He was the son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz. "In 1878, he graduated from high school in St. Petersburg, and the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery". Major-General in 1911. 1917 was an vice-president of the Association of Military Poles and president and treasurer of the Supreme Polish Military Committee in St. Petersburg. 1921 - 1922 adjutant general of the Head of State. Jacyna was married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki, with whom he had a son, Alexander b. 1894.

He served in a
"Main technical committee"
of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891;
at a later date he acted,  1901 - 1917

as member on "the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry (next War and Navy  Ministry) in Petersburg.
Since then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during  - 1914 / 1917 - the First world war; then (since 1915)

he co-operated with "Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives and he ran up against suggestions of aeroplanes deliveries and aerial inventions
(confer Jan Jacyna memoirs, vol. 1, p. 71);

he was the most known general in all Polish environments of St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th  cent., amidst military and industrial activists, social workers after the Bolshevik revolution, and also among the Polish active politicians in Russian parliament  since 1905/06; he was near to the imperial Russian court; general Jan Jacyna evaluated figure of Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz wholy negative when paid a  call on Lenin at the end of January 1918;  

(general Jan Jacyna kept in touch with  e.g.

Michal Szydlowski and Karol Jaroszynski = Karol Yaroshinsky, who managed with a big loans especially  during  the First world war. On Jaroszynski see
Shay McNeal, "The Plots to Rescue the Tsar", ed. London 2001  

[Karol Yaroshinsky / Karol Jaroszynski "(...) died in near poverty in 1928. His last years were spent in pain as a result of a poison needle having been jabbed into him at the opera in Paris at almost the same time as Sidney Reilly disappeared in the Soviet Union
(in the 1920s). (...) Before the Revolution, he had fallen in love with one of the Tsar's daughters (...). Near to Krivoshein - the man who brought Yaroshinsky into the Allied banking scheme. (...) Yaroshinsky was the financial benefactor to the Romanov family during the last days of their captivity in Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg in 1918. The man was involved with Henry Armitstead and Jonas Lied, who had been paid through the British Secret Service for activities in Northern Russia
(1918)."]).

The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company co-operated with the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank.

According to V. S. Solomko at http://www.encspb.ru/ this St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank was a joint-stock commercial bank, opened in 1869, cooperating especially closely with the

St. Petersburg International Bank

by taking part "in the military industrial group to build submarines for the Baltic Navy. The group included Lessner's Plant and Nobel's Plant in St. Petersburg, which played a leading role in the group, as well as Fenix, Atlas, and Gatchinsky Ironworks".

Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich b. 1862, political and public figure, banker and businessman, was Director of Moscow Discount Bank. In 1907 and 1915, he was elected Member of State Assembly representing Industry and Trade, heading a Defence Commission 1907-10.
In St Petersburg, he was a member of St Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank's board.
From 1915, he was Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee and a member of the Special Meeting for defence.
At the end of 1916, he designed plans for dynastic coup, acc. to A. G. Kalmykov and http://www.encspb.ru.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'.
On the Рамзай surname:
we are looking for who is Riemsnyder / Reimsnyder / Reemsnyder / Reamsnyder or Ramseyer / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. - a family from Estonia and St. Petersburg.

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

28. Eng. professor Witold Jarkowski born 1875 - died 1918, took a degree in Paris, he next worked in the St Petersburg Technological Institute; and Jan  Jarkowski i.e. engineer Jan T. J. Jarkowski son of Jozef who verified himself with his sons: Aleksander, Witold, Jan and Wladyslaw M. Jarkowski in MINSK in  November 1894 (they owned village Rusaki - near by Hlybokae in the Dzisna district - since 1840 and they were related to the Szendzikowski family);  

29. naval general Aleksander Fedorowicz Mozajski (Russian, 1825 - 1890; probably from Polish-speaking Ukrainian nobility, who were Roman Catholics; "the Russian nobles, named Mozhaysky (and alike), have originated from the ancient Volhynian Mozhayski-Mozarowski family" according to http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mozhayski/teksty/fammemb.html) began to design an aircraft in 1880 and he constructed it in 1883;  

30. Captain Zabski i.e. Shabskij constructed in 1908 the blimp called "Uchebnyj" (1500 m cub.) belonged to the Russian Army. In 1908, the firm 'Duflon' produced two electric motors but the commission found it is not practical enough.  

1918

"The Russo-Baltic Wagon Company had a director Michal Szydlowski who was an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and he managed to convince the Imperial Russian Air Force (IRAF) to utilize the "Murometz" for reconnaissance and bombing purposes; in December 1914 Szydlowski himself, with the rank of Major General, took over command of the "Squadron of Flying Ships" known as the EVK (Aleksander Serednicki; captain Jozef Baszko died in Riga 1946 - son of Stanislaw from the Vicebsk goverrnnnment; captain Robert Nizewski b. 02.05.1885 as Catholic and captain Kazimierz Zagorski were pilots here, according to my research work); Szydlowski (...) brought Sikorsky to his base and together they managed to overcome the teething problems; (...) the pre-war Murometz was designed to use German-built engines, which obviously were not available and Sikorsky experimented with a range of Russian (DEKA aeroengine according to me) and British engines, but never achieved the desired level of performance; these problems, together with the low level of Russian manufacturing, meant that only 75 (or 70 - 80) of this outstanding aircraft were produced during the war; Szydlowski decided, after the revolution, that he had no future in Russia, and he convinced Sikorsky to leave also; Szydlowski together with his son, was captured trying to cross the border into Finland and they were shot, Sikorsky was luckier and from Murmansk he managed to escape by ship to London" (quotation from ARI UNIKOSKI; this quotation without the  Author's written permission).  

Russia also had the first aviation research center in the world, the Kouczynski (i.e. Kuczynski) Institute and B.C. Steczkin was the author of the theory of the jet-engine.


Curiosity: the first plant which the Germans built in the Soviet Russia was "Junkers - Werke" in File near by Moscow in 1922; operated till 1925. The Junkers company  activated its branches in Rostov by Don and Turkestan in 1925 and also airline "Deruluft". The Soviets increased import of the BMW aeroengines from Munich in Germany  after 1925, and in 1928 bought a licence on production of the BMW aeroengines, which the German engineers - from Technische Hochschule in Berlin - assembled in Russia  after 1931 (according to professor Andrzej Peplonski of 1996).  

Do you know? In Poland after second world war was a proverb about DEKA Company that any bad car with defective  engine is "deka- wka / dekawka / decavca", i.e.  proverbial junk!  By  all means! ... in an imagination of our  "worshippers"...  

the early 20th century
Ferdynand Konstantynowicz studied in Dorpat / Tartu (University of Dorpat - term No 160, Second part in 1907), he was  born 1883 in Riga. Wiktor / Viktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd  lived in Tallin / Tallinn, the  Nomme area since  1918. 

We lived in Vilna / Vilnyus (the early 20th century Piotr the 2nd Konstantynowicz son of Gustav - Piotr was married to Maria W.); 

in Pinsk (Konstantynowicz Konstantyn the 4th) and Grodno (Hrodna) and  near to Dzjatlava / Zdzieciol (the village Gronsk) and west of LIDA (the  places Maluki, Zabalac / Zabalac' either Zabolot or Zablot', Przevoza, Volejsze, Kascjaneva)  at the beginning of the 20th cent.; according to Mr Ejsmont from Poland of  2006: 1. Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Adam and Wiktoria nee  Cydzik;  2. Konstancja Konstantynowicz died in Kozlowicze - the parish of Jeziorsko; sons of her: Jan and Michal; 3. Wincenty Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki - parish of  Jeziorsko,  SE of  Grodno; his parents - Adam Konstantynowicz and Melanja nee Doroszkiewicz; 4. Kazimierz Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki; his son Jan Konstantynowicz;  5. Stefan Konstantynowicz, died in Toloczki, son of Ksawery and Antonina nee Toloczko; 6. Piotr Konstantynowicz, son of Aleksander and Jadwiga nee Obuchowicz, lived in  Toloczki; next of kin Wladyslaw and Anna Konstantynowicz;  

in Minsk (Konstantynowicz Andrzej; brothers Jakov, Vincenty and  Semen; Semen the 2nd (or Szymon) son of Jerzy the 2nd; Konstantynowicz  Antoni; Adolf son of Wilhelm; Mikolaj son of Pavel) at the beginning of the 20th cent. and Daugavpils (or Dunaburg = Dyneburg, Dvinsk); 

in the government of Smolensk (district i.e. ujezd of Dorohobuz  1913)  and Vicebsk = Vitebsk (Jozef Konstantynowicz in  September  1918) by their own account, too; 

from a Azerbaijan list of executed generals in Baku July 1920 by Soviets according  to zerbaijan M. E. Rasulzade "Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti": tsarist General  Konstantynowicz; 

in St Petersburg (Peterburg) Sergiej Konstantynowicz son of  Michail -  PUBLIC PROSECUTOR in this city 1907 -1918 according to the "St Petersburg Centralnyj  Istoritcheskij Archiv"; 

and near by Moscow (the Uzkoje estate i.e. otherwise Uzkoje village, situated about 15 km S-W-S of Moscow  core in the suburbs of the capital, near by Vitcevskij forest and Tschertanovka river) in the beginning of the 20th  cent. 

Jan Konstantynowicz had died in the Karpaty mount as senior officer being in the Russian army in winter 1914/1915.  According to "Prisoners in 'Donbas' and Saratov" - Aleksander Stanislaw Konstantynowicz; The "Big  Illustrated Universal Encyclopaedia",  vol. 29 / 30, edit. in Warsaw - Aleksander Konstantynowicz;  note: the author also looking for information about Alexander Konstantynowicz - we know now that he  was a painter of the 19th century (the painting "Guitar player" 1917);  among persons convicted and arrested for political causes there were Jan Niekrasz and  Jan  Konstantynowicz who died in 1922 from typhus among Polish prisoners in Kovno, according to "The Lithuanian - Polish Dispute", s. 30; 

Michail Konstantynowicz according to "Antologija russkoj poezji w Pol'she" in Warsaw 1937. 

The Konstantynowicz family lived in Vilnius (or Wilno, Wilniuja, Wilnia, Vilna), Vaukavysk, Ivacevicy, Hrodna, Bransk - Jan Slawomir Konstantynowicz  son of Jan was born 1931 here in accordance with Karolina Horoszko of 2007 - and Lida in Poland, and also the Konstantynowiczs and their   relatives in Riga, Daugavpils, Vilani (25,5 km west of Rezekne), near by Preili (30,5 km S - W - S of Vilani) and Jekabpils in Latvia and Plunge in Lithuania  in the thirties and the forties of the 20th cent. by all accounts. 

Henryk and Franciszek Konstantynowicz fought against Soviet troops near to Krzywda, Kock and Helenowek in 

October 1939.

A certain Jerzy Konstantynowicz died in Mecklenburg province (Malchov in Germany on February 24th, 1944, during a compulsive works) and buried   here during the Second world war, according to the Polish Red Cross. Konstantynowicz Pawel b. 1896 in Marcinkowka near by Druskienniki,  died October 17th, 1941 in Tockoje (Russia) and buried here (according to Henryk Sokolowski). Acc. to: http://archive.is/4SE5N death of a soldier in the Soviet Union, 1941 - 1942, Konstantynowicz, Pawel.

the present 

The Konstantynowicz family moved to the new Polish west and north territories after 

1945   Copyright by Moikrewni 2008

1. as a result of the Yalta Conference 1945 - the eastern regions of Poland were incorp. into  the U.S.S.R. for the Curzon Line became Poland's  eastern border, and the western border of  Poland was to be fixed in a peace treaty; 2. as a result of the Potsdam Conference and the  Potsdam  Agreement of 1945 that sanctioned the expulsion of almost all Germans from  the Ger. territories in the East, Czechoslovakia and  Hungary, and  also resettlement of the  depopulated areas in the East with eastern Poles (besides exile of 1,6 - 2 mil. eastern Poles to  northern  Russia and to Siberia 1939 -  c. 1955) mainly compulsive displaced persons among others  from Vilna, Volhynia and White Russia in 1945 - 1947; 3. as a result of the Treaty of  Border  (ex-line Oder - Neiße) between Poland and Germany of  1990.  

I can't give many more information about this period after 1945  for the sake of secret data.  But we can to check  up on ourselves  at  ©   "Moikrewni.pl"  website -  to the right »  

I am looking for all persons with KONSTANTYNOWICZ surname whose ancestors (as a   whole 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th cent.) are  from:  

1. BELARUS : Governments of Minsk, Vicebsk (Vitebsk) and Mahileu (Mogilev or Mahilyow by the river   Dniepr = Dnjapro) 

2. RUSSIA: Government of Smolensk, St Petersburg and Moscow  

3. LATVIA (Livland): Governments of Vicebsk and Riga (i.e. Livlandskaja gubernija = the government of   Livland).

Outside of Poland now

Many of them stayed in  BELARUS

Belorussian peacekeeping veteran Konstantine Konstantynowicz inf. 11 April, 2003; Andrzej,  Pawel and Roman Konstantynowicz in Mahileu by the river Dnjapro according to Sergiusz  Marszalkowski of 2004; in village Toloczki close to Hrodna; an area of Starossalje /  Starosjelo NE of Miezonka; at Asipovicy region: Tatarkow primary school;  Zabalac close to Lida; and a first deputy chairman (the vice-president in 2003) of the Belarusian  Union of Architects, Anatoliy (i.e. Anatol) M. Konstantynowicz in Minsk; A. A.  Konstantynowicz acted in Acad. Agric. Sci. of Belarus in 1992; Sh. V. Konstantynowicz  from Belarus at SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC - TECHNICAL CONGRESS "MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES ".  

Now in Lida: G. F. Konstantynowicz tel. 53109 Tuchachevski Str. and now in Minsk:  

Who tel. Str. No Apt. Konstantynowicz A. A. 2267105 Tanka Str. 30/2 Apt. 53, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2344451 Chorushej Str. 19 134, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2625139 Kolcova Str. 23 66, Konstantynowicz A. N. 2302864 Vaniejeva Str. 8 72, Konstantynowicz G. A. 2733456 Altajskaja Str. 64/5 68, Konstantynowicz G. V. 2445007 Shabany Str. 13 56, Konstantynowicz E. T. 2432695 Gierasimienko Str. 29 74, Konstantynowicz Sh. D. 2955986 Zilunovicha Str. 27 23, Konstantynowicz I. E. 2429894 Niesterova Str. 4 153, Konstantynowicz I. M. 2165503 Jesenina Str., No 19 Apt. 166, Konstantynowicz K. F. 2382929 Ilimskaja Str., 29 226, Konstantynowicz L. G. 2810745 P/O Stiepianka Korwata Str. 34 Apt. 33, Konstantynowicz L. K. 2356986 2 Bagrationa Court (Pier.) No 19 Apt. 789, Konstantynowicz M. A. 2738872 Angarskaja Str. 20/2 44, Konstantynowicz M. S. 2495360 Pliechanowa 56/3 166, Konstantynowicz N. I. 2475314 Jakubova 30 5, Konstantynowicz N. N. 2499679 Pliechanova 52/1 9, Konstantynowicz N. P. 2502878 Orlovskaja 86/3 14, Konstantynowicz O. V. 2268756 Tanka Str., 30/2 Apt. 71, Konstantynowicz O. F. 2997217 Shossejnaja 9 17, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2968379 Bajkalskaja 45 28, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2998379 Bajkalskaja Str. No 45 Apt. 28, Konstantynowicz F. I. 2431028 Angarskaja 13/2 6, according to: http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

settled themselves in

Russia

Krasnojarsk in the sixties of the 20th cent. and the Krasnojarsk area after 2nd world war, Archangelsk = Arkhangelsk: Yury Konstantynowicz now, Moscow: Aleksandr Konstantynowicz and Oleg Konstantynowicz now, Dmitrij Konstantynowicz in Togliatti near to Samara; 

in 1918 Abram Ioffe [b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked: B.  P. Konstantynowicz, I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov, Lev Landau [son of David, born 1908 in Baku; his  father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],

P. L. Kapitsa

[Piotr =

Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military  engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see:  http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504
- and Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see:  http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s;

grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on Electromechanics Department; he remained there as a lecturer until 1921. He went to England and there he worked with

Ernest Rutherford

(from this Scottish clan was also Henry Kerr Rutherford / Henry Rutherford who was working for Venesta since 1908 and in 1912 as managing director of Venesta, partner of the A. M. Luther AG. He was born 1886 in London, UK, d. 1972 in Banstead, Surrey. Son of Henry Kerr Rutherford senior; husband of Dorothea Elizabeth Olga and father of Henry Christian Rutherford, and Bevan. Venesta of London - A. M. Luther Venesta, which operated the tea trade between Ceylon and London. Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) founded a shareholder company Luterma which later went into a partnership with Venesta, in London (in 1908 Luterma established a sister company in London, the Venesta Plywood Company and branch offices in many European countries including Germany, Sweden, France, and Italy); 1909 he started a factory in Staraja Russa; Martin began his career at Venesta but returned to Tallinn to run Luterma. The A. M. Luther AG / Luterma / A. M. Luther Mechanical Woodworking Factory was founded in 1883. Above Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England).

In 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union]

and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves]

- see http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html; 

in Moscow - Konstantynowicz Nikolaj son of Konstantin (Zjabon nickname, inf. of 2004) and my family in Omsk after 1929: Viktoria / Wiktoria born 1870/71 or 1873/1875 - daughter of NN Konstantynowicz and - ? - Maria Trubecki / Troubetskoy (probably sister of Wiktor Konstantynowicz from Tallinn but she was living in Miezonka with family of Antoni and Stanislaw Konstantynowicz), and Konstantynowicz Walery (i.e. Valerij) son of Zygmunt (i.e. Sigizmund) and also Evgenij /  Jewgenij Konstantynowicz in Omsk, born 06 December 1982; Orenburg: Vasilij Konstantynowicz - Deputy Head on Agricultural Administration in Orenburg. And also somebody exiled at Solowezki Islands in the White Sea after 1923, but we lost touch with them.

In St Petersburg now Pavel Konstantynowicz, tel. 8-911-295-70-06. 

Wsiewolod / Vsievolod Konstantynowicz at the 10th Conference of Young Scientists (study  "Moskovskij Institut Elektronnoj Techniki"). Konstantin Konstantynowicz - musician and composer  ("Zvuki Mu"). Elena Konstantynowicz daughter of Vladimir - the Club of "Viedomosti"  Readers. 

In Moscov / Moscow  now: Konstantynowicz Boris son of Ivan, tel. 9080498, Altufievskoje  shosse No 100 Apt. 312, born 23. 02. 1942; Konstantynowicz Galina daughter of Michail,  9300585, Leninskij prospekt 72, 473 - born 29. 10. 1933; Konstantynowicz Elena  daughter  of  Michail  - tel. 4324419,  Novatorov Str. No 14 / 2, Apt. 191 - born 21. 05. 1939;  Konstantynowicz Jekaterina 1841744  Anadyrskij Prospekt 3, 48 - born 02. 04. 1965;  Konstantynowicz Pietr, son of Gavril,  3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 16. 06. 1935;  Konstantynowicz Lidija - tel. 4745859, Tajninskaja 16 / 2, Apt. 131 - born 11. 03. 1920;  Konstantynowicz Jurij son of Pietr, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 198 - born 06. 01. 1968; Konstantynowicz Olga daughter of Siergiej, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 14. 06. 1968; Konstantynowicz G. V. 3227945 Proletarskij Prospekt No 35 apt. 21; Konstantynowicz L. L. tel. 3260306 Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 177; Konstantynowicz K. M. tel. 9300585 Leninskij Prospekt 72, 473; Konstantynowicz Aleksander 1241454 born 09. 09.  1948; Konstantynowicz Andrew / Andrzej son of Stanislaw 1115257 Starokashirskoje shosse  No 4 / 2 Apt. 120; Konstantynowicz Vladimir son of Aleksandr tel. 5233572, Valashiha G.  Kalinina No 2, 106 - born 13. 10. 1949; according to:   http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

Ukraine

A. V. Konstantinowicz and I. A. Konstantinowicz - experts of ionization energies in Ukraine, unknown ancestry. Sergiej / Sergej Konstantynowicz - born 1984, stay in Kijev where he studied "Kijevskij  Politechniczeskij Institut" to 2004. 

Uzbekistan   

Pavel / Pawiel Konstantynowicz in Taskient, area of Czilonzar C-17-51,  unknown ancestry; was  born in 18. 09. 1986 

France

Nicholas and Pierre Konstantynowicz - personal members of the "Friends of  the Russian Museum International Society". The ancestry from Vasilij Konstantynowicz.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

settled themselves in   CANADA   

Vancouver - Karen Konstantynowicz; College of Medicine in Regina - B. Konstantynowicz  

in Denmark 

at the beginning of the 20th cent.; Maria H. and T. Konstantynowicz   now  

USA

OHIO and Ellis Island in the beginning of the 20th cent.: Peter (or  Piotr the 2nd probably)  Konstantinovich who was married to Mary G.; new data at  http://www.ancestry.com/ 

about  Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania - Anthony Konstantinovich  born 1877, Helena  Konstantinovich 1885,  Anthony Konstantinovich 1910,  John  Konstantinovich 1913,  Theodora Konstantinovich b.  1914 and  Charles  Konstantinovich;   

Olga I. Konstantinovich who was born 1860 in  Kiev -  after 1880 in Paris -  daughter of  Alexander Konstantinovich;  Bronislaw  Konstantinovich in  Philadelphia, PA (1915 - 1918)  and his wife  Stella nee Marcinkiewicz; Mary  (i.e. Maria born 1863) Konstantinovich died in   Princeton, NJ on July 26th,  1916;  

in the thirties of the 20th cent.:  Konstantinovich Michael (=  Michal),   Konstantinovich  Jacob (Jakov = Jakub) and Casmir (Kazimierz),  Konstantinovich  Boleslauf  and Eugene (Eugeniusz in the Detroit area - WJLB radio)  H. Konstantinovich and also  Anthony;   

now in USA:  KONSTANTINOVICH MATTHEUS from RUSSIA  according to US  District Court in BOSTON, MA; MARY P. born c. 1934,  Brandon Konstantinovich,  REGINA born c. 1925, EDWARD born c. 1924,  Steven Konstantinovich; DIANE S. born c.  1942  http://www.pmi-chicagoland.org/membership/; WALTER born c. 1968 (inf. 01 APR 2001 - 15 FEB 2004  from FORT BRAGG); K. Konstantinovich born c. 1955; Konstantinovich Aleksei -  an unknown line - in "Military Review" and "Current Digest of the Post-Soviet  Press"; MARGARET; ROBERT and Leon Konstantinovich who was born in  Baldwinville on April 28th, 1911 and resided in Baldwinville, MA.

Edward Konstantynowicz / Edward Constantinowitz, on May 18, 1896 arrived to New York, from Hamburg, Germany, was born 1874 in Russia.
Michal Konstantynowicz / Mikas Constantinowitz.

Very interesting history at http://boards.ancestrylibrary.com/surnames.constance/5/mb.ashx on "... great-grandfather, Peter Constantinovich (Piotr Konstantynowicz / Petr Konstantinovich born probably ca 1880 / 1885, was living in Wilno / Vilnius / Vilno, ex-Polish, Russia in 19th cent.) d. early 1950s in USA... Peter was married to Mary Wasko (d. 1982?) / Maria Wasko - they may have lived in the Lowellville, OH area (suburb of Youngstown near Struthers) early in the 20th century; all remained in the environs of Youngstown - and their children were Paul, William, George, John (Jack), Stanley, Tom / Tomash / Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz / Konstantinovich, and Virginia (adopted). ... Paul Constance (1909-1992). However, his brother still has the surname Constantinovich...".

Karol Konstantynowicz / Charles Konstantinovich b. on May 6, 1947 and died on March 12, 2007, last known residence is at Africa, but he was living and died in the United States.

At http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dave-constantinovich/9/427/107 on Dawid Konstantynowicz / David / Dave Constantinovich, Managing Director, IT Customer Support Services at American Electric Power; past Managing Director, IT Infrastructure Engineering at American Electric Power; Columbus, Ohio; education - Graduate of Boardman High School, Class of 1977, University of Dayton MBA, Business Administration 1985 - 1988 and Youngstown State University BSEE, Electrical Engineering 1977 - 1981; Birth: 1959 and death: June 22, 2010; member and served as board member for the following clubs and associations: Scioto Boat Club, Columbus, OH, Association of Telecommunication Professionals, Columbus, OH, Utilities Telecommunications Council, Washington DC, Hilliard Baseball Association, and Cub Scout Troop Leader. Parents, Thomas and Josephine Constantinovich; wife Rita; children, Craig, Ryan and Kevin Constantinovich; sisters, Diane (Gary) Peterson and Karen (Douglas) Thorpe; and brother, Thomas Jr. (Cindy) Constantinovich; Kevin Constantinovich was born in 1996. Kevin currently lives in Hilliard, Ohio.
Josephine Constantinovich in Youngstown, OH. Her husband Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Thomas Constantinovich / Konstantinovich born Dec 1928. Her sister Antoinette DiBenedetto of Youngstown and brother James DiBenedetto, who was born Nov. 30, 1926, in Struthers, a son of Dominic and Julia Fabilli DiBenedetto. Her son Thomas Constantinovich was born in 1954. Thomas currently lives in Youngstown, Ohio. Josephine Constantinovich from Boardman, OH was born in 1931; residential Address Boardman, OH 44512.

Dominic and Julia Fabilli DiBenedetto; or Dominic Dibenedetto (Di-Benedetto family in Italy) b. ca 1891 / 1895 - Italy, 1935 - Youngstown, Mahoning County, Ohio. Maybe from Italy: Naples, Comune di Montemiletto, Sepring, Fano Adriano (Abruzzo, province Teramo), Licodea Eubea, Huada in Licodia, or Palermo. In Youngstown, Ohio: Anna Dibenedetto, b. 1900, Anthony L. Dibenedetto born 1924, Daniel Dibenedetto b. 1894, Domenico Dibenedetto b. 1894, Emilia Dibenedetto b. 1899, Giulia Dibenedetto b. 1902, Giulio Dibenedetto b. 1890 and Goldie G. Dibenedetto b. 1925.

Craig Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH; Cathy Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Michael Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Patricia Constantinovich in Saegertown, PA; Ryan Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH. Above named Rita Constantinovich - at Ohio Orthopedic Surgery Institute in Columbus, Ohio. 1978 - Cardinal Mooney High School Class in Youngstown, OH.
Constantinovich, Gennadi.
Cindy Constantinovich / Cynthia Constantinovich OH, Youngstown 7854 Huntington circle; Karen M. Constantinovich in OH; Catherine Constantinovich in PA; Thomas Constantinovich OH and Diane R. Constantinovich OH; Anna M. Constantinovich in PA; Iane Constantinovich OH, Kathy A. Constantinovich PA and Andrew Constantinovich FL.

More inf. in 'Ancestry.com'.

Stanislaus Constantinovich and his spouse: Catherine Constantinovich.

Stefan Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz from Russia to MA on 04 November 1896, age 23, occupation Laborer, embarkation port Hamburg, ship name Phoenicia.

Andrew  Konstantinovich located in St. Petersburg - Florida; Maksymilian  Konstantinovich - Ropiewski in Colorado; Casey Konstantinovich in the  Franklin Park School; JOHN W.; TED P. Konstantinovich born c. 1921;  Chief Operations Officer in Philadelphia or Newton's Vice President of  Finance and Operations (Newton Resource Group, a digital media company based in Pennington, NJ)  Tom Konstantinovich; T. Konstantinovich in Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA;   FRANK; BECKY; Josephine Konstantinovich of Youngstown; EDWARD  M.; EDYTHE M.; D. Konstantinovich and WENDY born c. 1969; Lee  Michaels  (Konstantinovich) born Nov. 2nd, 1942, in Chicago, and died on  March 2nd, 2003 in   Maywood, son of Margaret and Vincent  Konstantinovich, lived in Palatine (his sisters, Bernice  Harker and Mary Lund; brother, Edward  Konstantinovich); Chris  Konstantinovich acted as CFO; according to "Social Security  Death Index Search Results" RUTH KONSTANTOWIC or probably   Konstantinovich /  Konstantynowicz b. Jun. 1919 and d. 1994 in New Castle,  Pennsylvania and JOHN  KONSTANTOWIC b. Oct. 1923, d. 1988; you see more  details:  
http://www.ancestry.com/

November 2013 new data.

"Wilhelm (Bill) Konstantynowicz passed away in peace and with dignity, as he wished, in his home on Sunday evening October 2nd, 2005. He is predeceased by his father Kasper, mother Zofia, brothers Julius, Edward and sister Mary. A devoted husband for 54 years to his wife, Hermina; a strong and caring father to daughters Karin and Barb; a supportive father-in-law to Douglas Ford and Jeff Scott; Grandfather and Papa to Isabel, Alexander and Jessica, he is also survived by his sister-in-law Regina (Chicago), sister and brother-in-law Mila and Helmut (Australia) and nieces, nephews, cousins and friends around Canada, the United States, Europe and Australia. Wilhelm was born in 1920 in the hamlet Butlerowszczyzna, Slonim, Nowogrodek Poland. During World War 2, he served as a commando with the 2nd Battalion of the Polish Corps of the British Army and took part in the Battle of Bologna. In July of 1947, he arrived in Canada aboard the Aquatania. Wilhelm retired from the CNR after 36 years of service...".

By http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/140525/Konstantynowicz-Wilhelm.php

See ancestry.com also.

In USA: KONSTANTYNOWICZ Edward, b. 28 Feb 1922 in New Jersey, d. 12 Apr 1990 in Arizona

acc. to: www.findagrave.com. Residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Acc. to: Arizona Obituary Archive: Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, by Pat Wilson, of Phoenix, AZ, died on January 14, 2004 - Palm Lakes Village Clubhouse, Phoenix, Arizona. PALM LAKES VILLAGE in Phoenix, Arizona is located in the

Paradise Valley area of Phoenix;

Paradise Valley is a small, affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.

Different

Edward Konstantynowicz m. Helen Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA.

At Cook County, Illinois, Edward Konstantynowicz m. to Regina Worotynska.

Matthew Konstantynowicz and

Edythe Konstantynowicz from AZ, USA. Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, b. 1931, d. 2004 (26 Jan 2004). Regina Worotynska, from Cook, Illinois, United States.

California: Lillian Keller nee Konstantynowicz, b. 1919 or 1920 and her father Pawel / Paul Konstantynowicz, born 1896 in the Russian Empire and died 1995.

In Texas: Rebecca Konstantynowicz, Waler Konstantynowicz or Walter Konstantynowicz.

Tillie Konstantynowicz, b. 1885 in Lithuania, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Walter Konstantynowicz married to Lucy Konstantynowicz, he born 1889 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Michael Konstantynowicz m. Josephine Konstantynowicz, he b. 1891 in Poland, residence: 1935 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1894 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Paul Konstantynowicz m. Eleanore Konstantynowicz, he b. 1895 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Eleanore Konstantynowicz b. 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Lucy Konstantynowicz m. Walter Konstantynowicz - she born 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Peter Konstantynowicz b. 1909 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Alfred Konstantynowicz b. 1920 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia.
Lillian Konstantynowicz b. 1919 or 1920 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Her brother was Thaddeus Konstantynowicz; Thaddeus had no children and Lillian had two sons. Thaddeus Konstantynowicz b. 1922 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Florance Konstantynowicz, b. 1922 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz b. 1923 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Frank Konstantynowicz b. 1924 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Michael Konstantynowicz Junior, b. 1927 - Philadelphia, 1935 - Philadelphia. Stanley Konstantynowicz, b. 1927 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Jacob Konstantynowicz next of kin with Casmir Konstantynowicz, Jacob b. 1871, residence: 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Casmira Konstantynowicz m. to Jacob Konstantynowicz, she b. 1876, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Boleslav Konstantynowicz, b. 1878, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Walter Konstantynowicz m. to Ludwika Konstantynowicz, he b. 1880, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Ludwika Konstantynowicz b. 1898, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Eugene Konstantynowicz, b. 1901, res. Wayne, Michigan. Joe Konstantynowicz, born 1905, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Stanley Konstantynowicz b. 1926, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Josephine Polishak or Konstantynowicz, m. to Walter Polishak, b. 1910, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz son of Patricius Konstantynowicz.
Helena Konstantynowicz m. to Bronislaw from Philadelphia.
Konstanty Konstantynowicz m. to Kamilia Eisymont in Philadelphia.
Antoni Konstantynowicz, m. to Geleczutie, in Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz / Jozef Konstantynowicz, died 1890, Illinois. Boleslaw Konstantynowicz m. Anastazya, he was son of Julius Konstantynowicz from Illinois. Stella Konstantynowicz or Konstant, died 1946 in Cook County, Illinois.
Anton Konstantynowicz m. Agnes Scott in Illinois.
Paulina Konstantynowicz m. Iguatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy Konstantynowicz, Cook County, Illinois. Michael Konstantynomiog or Micheal Konstantynowicz, b. 1887, 1920 - Bristol, Massachusetts. Boleslauf Konstantynowicz m. Stella Konstantynowicz, b. 1875, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz m. Helena Konstantynowicz, b. 1877, 1920 - Philadelphia. Ladielaus Konstantynowicz, or Ladislas Konstantynowicz or Wladyslaw, b. 1880, 1920 - Wayne, Michigan. Stella Konstantynowicz b. 1880, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Helena Konstantynowicz m. Anthony Konstantynowicz, b. 1885, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Frances Konstantynowicz b. 1901, 1920 Wayne, Michigan. Bernice Konstantynowicz, b. 1906, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1909, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz b. 1910, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1912, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. John Konstantynowicz b. 1913, 1920 Philadelphia. Theodora Konstantynowicz, b. 1914, 1920 Philadelphia. Ivan Konstantynowicz ? Jan Konstantynowicz, b. 1915, 1920 - city, Cook (Chicago). Charles Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz, b. 1918, 1920 Philadelphia. Agnes Konstantyrowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, b. 1863, 1920 Cook (Chicago). Atone Konstantyrowicz / Anton Konstantynowicz /

Antoni Konstantynowicz m. to Agnes Konstantynowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, born 1873, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois.
Paula Konstantynowicz m. Matt Konstantynowicz, or Paulina married to Mateusz Konstantynowicz. Antonina Konstantynowicz, residence Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Frank Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Josef Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Anna Konstantynowicz from Allegheny.

From Canada to U.S. John Konstantynowicz b. in Poland, arrived to Buffalo, New York, USA.

Stanley Konstantynowicz and Wendy Konstantynowicz m. Michael Joseph Tuten in Sumner, Tennessee. Karen Konstantynowicz m. David Keith Layman. Eugene Henry Konstantynowicz from Michigan. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania. Jan Konstantynowicz of 13 Mar 1934 in Pennsylvania. Mrs B. Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rogumela Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Konstantynowicz and Ignatz Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Frances Konstantynowicz m. Joseph Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA. Michael Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania, USA.
Michael Konstantynowicz Jr of New Jersey, USA. Ignacy Konstantynowicz m. Mary Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Helen C. Konstantynowicz m. Edward M. Konstantynowicz of New Jersey. John Konstantynowicz of Minnesota, USA -

all data acc. to http://search.ancestry.com/

Wladyslaw Konstantynowicz in Michigan, USA; Teodor / Theodore Konstantynowicz in Austria, and next in New Jersey, USA, in 1942. Paul Frank Konstantynowicz in Michigan, USA, from Germany. Marcin Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Southampton; Cherbourg; New York. Edmund Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Boulogne-sur-Mer; Plymouth; New York; Rokas Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Southampton; Cherbourg; New York; Elisabeth Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Boulogne-sur-Mer; Plymouth; New York. Wlodzimierz Konstantynowicz b. in Poland, departure in Belgium, arrival to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Acc. to http://search.ancestry.co.uk/ (all right reserved for Ancestry.co.uk).

Alexander Konstantynowicz 1929 - 1980. Lucille Konstantynowicz m. Albert Hoffman of Cook, Illinois. Amela Konstantynowicz / Amelia of New York from Southampton, England. Antoni Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Konstancya Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Carl Konstant / Carl Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 in Poland, on 28 Apr 1938 in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa.

Josephine Konstant / Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 19 Mar 1905 - Poland, inf. 18 Jan 1938.

Boleslaw Konstantynowicz b. 15 May 1875 in Poland, inf. 5 May 1926, arrival: 1907, and Alexander Konstantynowicz b. 26 Feb 1876 - Poland, arr. 1903, after in Illinois.

Ignatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy / Ignatz Kuntz / Ignatz b. 8 Jan 1881 - Poland, inf. 21 Feb 1924, arrival: 1905.

Marion Carl Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 - Poland, inf. 28 Apr 1938, residence: Illinois.

Harriet Konstantynowicz b. 18 Feb 1910 - Poland, inf. 22 Aug 1941, residence: Illinois.

Bronislaw Konstantynowicz, from Russia, inf. 16 May 1913, residence: Pennsylvania. Francis Konstantynowicz of NJ. S. Konstantynowicz of NJ. Walter Konstantynowicz of GA. Rebecca A. Konstantynowicz of AK.

Australia acc. to ancestry.com:
Marth Emma Konstantynowicz from 1958 Werriwa, New South Wales, Australia. Teresa Konstantynowicz from 1963 Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1963 and 1968, 1972, 1977 and 1980 from Perth, Western Australia. Teresa Maria Konstantynowicz 1968, 1972, 1980 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Irene Maria Konstantynowicz of 1972 Perth, Western Australia, Australia and 1977, 1980 Perth. Martha Emma Konstantynowicz from 1980 Prospect, New South Wales, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1980 from Prospect, New South Wales.

On June 15, 2001 Edward Konstantynowicz, the Second World War Polish Army Veteran: France and Italy Campaigns, a husband of 48 years to Regina, nee Worotynski; father of Krystyna (Malcolm) Glenn and Diane; brother of William (Mina); brother-in-law of Victor Vorotynski / Wiktor Worotynski. Funeral - the Wolniak Funeral Home, 5700 S. Pulaski Rd., to St. Nicholas of Tolentine Church, Mass. Interment Resurrection Cemetery.

Karin Konstantynowicz in Vancouver, Canada.

Monika Konstantynowicz, Operations Manager at Tourism Holdings in Brisbane Area, Australia; previous: Roamfree, Privately Held; Leisure, Travel & Tourism industry, Queensland, Australia.

PIOTR KONSTANTYNOWICZ AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families Konstantinavičius / Konstantinavicius / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich. 
Our "lost" Konstantinavicius / Konstantinavičius branches from Lithuania at prestent: Konstantinavicius Aurimas; Mantas; Paulenas; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Edgaras Konstantinavicius; Justinas; Rytis; Agi; Arnoldas; Karolis; Dalius; Valdemaras; Rimas; Raimondas Konstantinavicius; Robertas Konstantinavicius; Vaclovas Konstantinavicius; Zydrunas Konstantinavicius and Jonas Konstantinavicius. Rytis Konstantinavicius is living now in Poland, born 1969 in Russia, the Komi district. Mantas Konstantinavicius in UK, address e-mail m.konstantinavicius@rhul.ac.uk and public phone: +44.07514074610. Vytukas Konstantinavicius. Karolis Konstantinavicius - ATB 'Labas Festas', Palanga / Polaga. Agata Konstantinavicius / Agi working in pottery, a public address: 57-450 Bartnica 46 in Poland. Ruta Konstantinaviciute - the Mykolo Romerio University in Vilnius, Lithuania. Mindaugas Konstantinavicius is associated with Beta Ink, Inc. with the role of President and is located in Chatsworth, CA and Los Angeles, CA; is related to Andrea Giedraitis in Los Angeles, CA. Povilas Konstantinavicius - Roma. Gus Konstantinavicius, Affiliate Manager, United States. Robertas Konstantinavicius in Norfolk. Vytautas Konstantinavicius and Edita Konstantinaviciene. Arvidas Konstantinavicius in Ayrshire. Paulius, 22 years in 2011, in Dunston 2010. Valdemaras Konstantinavicius, the Kutaisi Basketball Team. Povilas Konstantinavicius, a student at Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, Lithuania. Arnoldas Konstantinavicius. Vytautas Konstantinavicius, Security Officer at Elior UK. Sigitas Konstantinavicius in Lietuva. Simas Konstantinavicius, around 14 years, Liberalu Centro Sajunga; Robertas Konstantinavicius, around 30, Lietuva; Andrius Konstantinavicius and Rotautas Konstantinavicius; K. V. Konstantinavicius, Publications in Chemistry.

Vaclovas Konstantinavičius of Vilniaus valstybinis universitetas in 1971.
Jonas Konstantinavičius and (Brooklyn in 2009) his family, acc. to Danutė Leonova of 2011 :
Eugenija wife, Saulius son, Audrius son, Daiva daughter, Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė mother, Steponas Konstantinavičius father, Teofilė sister, Stasė sister, Elena sister, Petras Konstantinavičius brother.
Steponas Konstantinavičius and his family: Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė, Teofilė Tamulevičienė daughter, Stasė Bogušienė daughter, Elena Navickienė daughter, Petras Konstantinavičius son, Jonas Konstantinavičius son (in Estonia).
Povilas Konstantinavičius; Aiškutis Konstantinavičius from Lithuania born 1977; Medvaišas Konstantinavičius; Lucidas Konstantinavičius; Saulius Konstantinavičius in Varėnos / Marcinkonių (Savininkas); Aurimas Konstantinavičius in Kaišiadorių / Pravieniškių; Sigitas Konstantinavičius in Pagėgių / Vilkyškių; in Naujasodė, Druskininkų, Ramūnas Konstantinavičius; Evaldas Konstantinavičius; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Dalius Konstantinavičius in Vilnius; Konstantinavičius Kazimieras; Arūnas Konstantinavičius; Audrius Konstantinavičius; Arnold / Arnoldas Konstantinavicius in Marijampolės / Rygiškių, Jono gimnazija of Kauno / Kowno.
Mečislovas Konstantinavičius in Druskininkai; Arūno Konstantinavičiaus - tel.: 8 687 10524, in Naujasodė, 32313 Druskininkų sav. (close to Druskieniki) and address: Baravykų g. 7, Druskininkų m., Druskininkų sav.; boss Ramūnas Konstantinavičius, in Naujasodė, tel. (+370) 68710524 - Naujasodė village 2 miles east of Ratnyčia; Konstantinavičiūtė Rasa.

England   

Alice Konstantinowicz, chiropractor; Maciej Konstantynowicz -  Consulting Systems Engineer in Computer Networking; Michael  Konstantynowicz at  Manchester.

Acc. to http://search.ancestry.co.uk/ (all right reserved for Ancestry.co.uk): Alexander Konstantynowicz (1929-1980), Joseph Konstantynowicz, d. 1933 in Lancashire, England; Margaret Konstantynowicz, died 1980 in Merseyside, England; John Konstantynowicz d. Lancashire; Kathleen Konstantynowicz, m. in Lancashire; Michal Konstantynowicz + Igarashi, m. in London; Margaret M. Konstantynowicz m. Perry in Lancashire; Alexander Konstantynowicz m. Kemp in Lancashire; Mary Konstantynowicz, m. Orrett in Lancashire; Florence F. Konstantynowicz m. Martin in Michael Konstantynowicz in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire; John Konstantynowicz in Lancashire; Mary Konstantynowicz in Lancashire; Alexander Konstantynowicz born in Lancashire. Thomas Konstantynowicz - his mother Konstantynowicz, b. in Lancashire; Kathleen Konstantynowicz b. in Lancashire; Paula Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Michael Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Jill Konstantynowicz b. in Lancashire; Thomas Konstantynowicz born in Lancashire; Justine Rebecca Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Daniel Michal Konstantynowicz b. Buckinghamshire; Milowit Konstantynowicz b. London; Nina Anna Konstantynowicz b. Buckinghamshire; Anna Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; Iwan Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; M. Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; Edward Konstantynowicz departure from England to USA, in 1942 military.

Australia

Konstantynowicz Michal, departure port: Genoa, Italy on 27 Apr. 1949 - arrival port: Sydney - Australia on 27 May 1949, details are lacking. According to "Database = Australian Records" KONSTANTYNOWICZ Martha Emma d. Jan. 02nd, 1992 in Minto

ARGENTINA

Argentine Republic

Norway

Marek Konstantynowicz - "The Source and Different Cikadas", viola

The others in the world at present:

I had been told about (details are lacking) Pyotr and Helena Konstantinowicz - unknown ancestry and also  KONSTANTYNOWICZ Cyryl  who wrote "W obronie slowa"; dr. Feliks (Felix) Konstantynowicz - Soviet expert  of Chernobyl explosion; in Barnaul  (that is near to Novosibirsk = Nowonikolajewsk in the middle of the 20th cent.)   where Basil  Konstantinowicz - rather ancestry of the Konstantynowiczs who derived from present  BUKOVINA or from Volhynia - and his wife Olga.  


Appendix D 
The Wankowicz family from the Berazino parish  

Melchior from Kaluzyca  was born c. 1775 in the Minsk province 

his sons:

Stefan (his son Teodor Bej, the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864; 1864 - 1905 emigre),  

Otton,

Walenty painter,

Zygmunt from Slepianka (his son Piotr from Slepianka was the activist of independence) and  

Karol   who was born c. 1800, died 1854 in Kaluzyca 

the sons of Karol above named:

Stanislaw from Rudakovo, naval engineer, 

Bohdan, Joachim, Florjan, and 

Melchior   was born 1843 in Kaluzyca, died in March of 1892, the January Insurrection 1863, 1863 - 1873 at  Siberia, the Minsk Agricultural Society at a later date  

the children of above Melchior Wankowicz: 

Czeslaw (1882 - 1912),  

Renata,

Witold "Tolo" Wankowicz  born 1877 Kaluzyca, 1917 commissioner in Berazino, 1917 - 1918 the chief of Union of Weapon (i.e.  "United Arms" at http://derela.republika.pl/austin2.htm; Mr. Witold Wankowicz was chief of the Union of Weapon, autonomous section of the Polish Military Organization, in the  Ihumen district; The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria - Hungary at the beginning of the 20th  century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski and that track went out from Petersburg among other things across Miezonka and Lodz in the direction to Galicia), the  commander of the Polish Military Organization in the Berazino region till 1920, afterwards in Poznan area (his son Jur), 

Melchior  writer was the last son of Melchior senior: was born January of 1892, died 1975, member of the Polish Military Organization.  His two daughters: 

Krystyna, died 1944 in Warsaw; 

Marta call TILI   married to Erdman, Switzerland before 1939, emigrant after 1945. Her two daughters: 

Anna Krystyna Erdman, born 1946 and  

Eva Erdman - Lazarewicz  born in New Jersey, married to Tadeusz Walendowski from USA; their son:  

David Walendowski who worked in a Dutch bank in Warsaw. More inf., see: Berezyna

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.


This is who is who among the family of Konstantynowicz in short. That isn't a family tree. Many people have helped me with this paper. The author is greatly indebted to  all those who kindly supplied information. Especially acknowledgement  for a military archives in Poland and  England and a civil  archives in Argentina. Many thanks for your help. 

We bear in mind that the website was made up in memory of my father Edward Gwidon Konstantynowicz who died on 03rd  November 1987 in very strange circumstances so this is independent website thanks to host  Yahoo!

COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

September 2008 / 4 June 2014

These all papers are sold subjects to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold,  any public performances,  hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of  binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Works registered or first published in the U.S. after 2002 - copyright term: 70 years after the death of author. Copyright law in the United States is part of federal law, and is authorized by the U.S. Constitution; copyright law is granted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, also known as the Copyright Clause; The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, found at 17 U.S.C. § 512 ('DMCA'), provides recourse for owners of copyrighted materials who believe that their rights under United States copyright law have been infringed upon on the Internet.  Warning:  these papers / all websites are sold for  private home use only.  

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I concluded in my genealogical search that among families with Konstantynowicz surname which live in Poland are two or three separate groups: 

1.

The eldest information about a Konstantynowicz nickname, but not about the Fox coat of arms (crest), go back to 07 October 1515 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz) and to  the Hrodna area: 

Jakub (= Jakov) Konstantynowicz sued to a court his neighbour Tolloczko. His relative surely Olechno Konstantynowicz held a post in the Hrodna  municipal tribunal in 1539. He sued his neighbour Dowtortowicz in 1542. The Konstantynowiczs - both of above mentioned - were the  landowners of their Duke. Then the nest of them was in villages Toloczki, Ejsmonty and Jurewicze in the Hrodna region (probably since c. 1500) and  they  were knighted in 1578 with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms. 

We are lacking information that they had the Fox coat of arms proper already and I don't know if the Konstantynowicz nickname was the  surname  in anyone case in the beginning of the 16th cent.! Or it maybe the Konstantynowicz name was only an "otchestvo" (by-name) id est a  form deriving from Konstanty or Konstantyn names with oriental ending "wicz" (= vich). However it's not unlikely that Jakub was a  father of Olechno and Michno Konstantynowicz but there is no probability on proved of the thesis.  Michno and Olechno  that's  very popular form of Belorussian names with ending "-no" and "-ko" in the 15th and 16th cent.; I give others examples: Senko  Miloszewicz  from Ostryna 1528, Iwanko and Misko Miloszewicz in Podlasie, Mitko from Vicebsk = Vitsyebsk (or Witebsk) province in 1528,  Michno Lyszczynski in 1528, Michno Polanski 1515, Mleczko from Vilkmerge 1467, Piotr Olechnowicz (surname from Christian name of father) 1501,  Senko Mikolajewicz 1514, Szymko Mikolajewicz from Upita, Jacko son of Mikula Wasilkowicz A.D. 1525, Mitko (= Mikolaj) Mickiewicz with Fox  arms et ceteri and also little villages exempli gratia Olechnowszczyzna in the Minsk province; besides I found out about Dmitrei son of  Konstantin in the 15th century, Polut Konstiantinowic' mid 15th century, Kostiantinowic' Semen mid 15th century, Chebotko Konstiantinow  in 1540 and  Fedor Konstentinow son of Spits 1552, a clerk in Wisztyniec - Michal Konstantynowicz Sumorok A.D. 1571, Iwan  Konstantynowicz  from Kulbaczyna in 1572 (but with Mackowicz surname nicknamed Kulbaka or Mackiewicz), Jaroslaw Konstantynowicz (but with Lukomski surname 1595).

I was faced with the difficult task of collecting information and differing interpretations about origin of our ancestry. One has to be careful with final claims and theses for some years and in passing judgement on first person with the Konstantynowicz surname.

A person with a Konstantynowicz nickname in the first half of the 16th cent. didn't has to be the person with the Konstantynowicz surname. I called it purposely to the attention of you.

The  Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox  coat of arms proper lived  only in the Trakai district (i.e. district of Troki since c. 1550), the Samaites territory (since c. 1550)  and in the Minsk  province (since c. 1570) by c. 1600 (next  in the Slonim area after c. 1600;  also in Vilna / Wilno since c. 1640) as good as proves it all  armorials. One of string evidences say us  for example  that the record of common noble  movement A.D. 1528 doesn't  point to persons with the Konstantynowicz surname in  any districts of Lithuania (Grand Principality of  Lithuania)  according to all historical  sources. 

You can write back to me E-mails (English, Russian, Belorussian, Polish languages): 

bog4konsta@yahoo.com

 

A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501)  about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)".  A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too.

2.

Descendants of the Konstantynowicz family who derived from present Bukovina (Bukovina joined Austrian Empire in 1775 but it seems to be probable they moved house here from the Austria - Hungarys Volhynia after the 1st Partition of Poland, precisely in the eighties of the 18th century) at the border Ukraine on Roumania; it was the Greek church family in the 19th century  perhaps  and they (regarded as - in part, by authorities - Ukrainians) were displaced partially to the Mazury / East Prussia after 1945. Most of them live today in south - easterly Poland. You see also about village Zydowskie = Shydovskie where Michajlo Konstantynowicz lived and who was born 1790; his father was priest and mother - Maria Wapnicki - derived from Desznica i.e Deshnica; and about Emilian Konstantynowicz b. 1864, d. 1943, priest in 1887. They had  own GRECUL (i.e. GREKUL armorial bearings but own GREK arms was  Lithuanian origin, according to Mieroszowski) coat of arms in time of the Austria - Hungarys  Galicia at the beginning of the 19th cent. (Bazyli and Michal  Konstantynowicz 1803). I take note of them in ODESSA, Tschernowzy (= Chernovits)  in 1939 - 1940 and in Kiev after the second World War and 

besides e.g.  

"Officials in 1876" note in Bukovina: "(...) Konopasek Emanuel, Konstantinowicz von Grekul Gedeon, Landes-Hauptmann Stellvertreter (...)" and "Franz Josef-  Staatsgymnasium in Sereth": "(...) Kasriel Josef, Klocek Stanislaus Josef, Kohn Julius, Konstantinowicz, Ewald Ludwig Franz (...)". See: http://bukowina.info/FJSereth.pdf

Florin Konstantinowicz / Constantinovici from Roumania (Romania) was in Israel (the Tsafririm Holon team in 2001 - 2002).

3.

In all probability our ancestry with the Konstantynowicz surname derived from belorussian Czyz family i.e. Senko  Czyzewicz and his son Konstanty Czyz, I think. The Lithuanian - Byelorussian nobility was polonised as early as the 16th century (generally  speaking, the ethnically non Polish noble families of Belarus adopted the Polish language and culture but only Byelorussian was official language of the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 14th - 17th centuries till 1697) and converted from the Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism. The Czyz family used the coat of arms of FOX proper since 

1534 

id est Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza 

either Marcin Czyz Konstantynowicz from Nieczyca 

or Marcin Czyz Nieczycki (or Nietecki because different opinions have been passed upon him; more inf. on the Fox coat of arms in Lithuania and Belarus, see: the Fox crest) who was born probably c. 1495. 

The royal courtier Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza according to: 

Niesiecki 1839

Czarniecki 1875 

Boniecki 1901 

Leszczyc 1908/13, page 210

historical magazine of 1914

historical magazine of April 1938 (number 4/17, page 49)

Dymmel of 1995.

Konstantynowicz Czyz unknown of name (either Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 or the  probability is that Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus) was missed out in the last  will and testament of his father 

1547 

and devoid of a legacy which daughter Margaret inherited; she had got some brothers. Another lawsuits were also at that time: lady Katarzyna Czyz -  Boguszewski vs. her sons i.e. the sons of Stanislaw Wojciechowicz Czyzewicz or Czyz in 1546 and at the same time Jan Czyzewicz son of Jurij and his wife Hanna nee Narbut vs. Aleksander Czyzewicz son  of Wojciech in 1547.  

Part of the Czyz family from neighbourhood of Lida (either Nietiacz, Nieciecz, Nieciecza, Nieczyca or Nietiaz near to Dubrovny and  farther  Lipniszki, 9 km from Lida) 

c. 1550 

have accepted the Konstantynowicz surname (from Christian name of father according to Leszczyc of 1908/13; Konstiantin or Kostiantin = Konstantin that is "steadfast, constant") adopting the  armorial bearings of FOX proper and  moved out  to the Samaites territory  and also to the Trakai district, and after   from here to the Minsk province  circa 

1570

   I don't know surely where did Michno = Michal / Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus come from. I don't know doubtless if exactly Michno  was stripped of the assets by his sister in 1547.  

But then Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus /  Konstantinovicius - nobleman from Zaleskovscizna  /  Zaleskowszczyzna - was  founder of Roman  Catholic church in 

Krikstonys 

1562 

   Settlement Krikstonys / KRIKŠTONYS in Lithuania now, in  subdistrict Norageliai,   county Alytus / Olita, now the parish of Christ the King in Krikstonys   67252, phone 31847893; Post Office in Krikstonys, LT - 67014, Lazdijai /  Lozdzee / Lozdzieje District Municipality. Krikstonys is 18,5 km SW of  Alytus - near by Zilviciai, Gudonys, Dubravai and Lizdai; 2,5 km West of Nemunas and 5 km SE of Norageliai.
Krikštonių bažnyčia that is the Krikstonys church / Krikštonis (Krikštónys, Krikštonis, Krikštonys) in Lithuania / Литва / Litauen. Beside Nemunas. The Krikštonių cemetery is an archeological monument of national importance. "The priest of Krikštonis church and the land surveyor J. Reitelaitis was buried in the churchyard of this church". Krikstonys in Lithuania is located about 102 km South-West of Vilnius.

   

In reality just famous 

Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus  / Michal  Konstantinovicius 

received a big estate, an arable ground and forested land from the king Sigismund Augustus on 

04 January 1554 

i.e. the Merkine farmland or 

Merecz Michnowski 

was situated in the Merkine area, Merkine parish (= Merecz, Meretium or Merken area in the Troki district in the ex-province of Troki; a chief officer for life of the Merkine area was Jan Janowicz      Zabrzezinski / Zaberezenski since 1536; the Junowicz family lived close by Merkine - see also: the Pileszyszki estate), beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas), next to estuary of  Merkys  =  Mereczanka river 

and the same Michno possessed a landed property 

Zaleskowszczyzna / Zaleskovscizna  

49 km N-W-N of Lida in the Troki or Trakai district, too (close by a south - easterly border of the former Trakai district) as early as 

1552 

and it seems he owned Merkine (2nd) farmland in addition id est 

Merecz Michnowo 

upstream of Merkys river in the Turgeliai parish, 38 km S-E-S of Vilnius. Zaleskowszczyzna, Merecz Michnowski, Ulkiszki,  settlement Krikstonys and Merecz Michnowo are situated at the territory of   independent, since 1918 (1940 - 1991 occupied), Republic of Lithuania. We set out to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 original of the privilege edited by the king to MICHNO Konstantynowicz who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area  on 04 January 1554 and many of documents of 18th cent.  

c. 1550 Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territory: the Poszeszow estate in the middle of the 16th century

1598

Petrus Konstantynowicz

in France and Perugia (a province of Umbrien in Italy) according to "Lista degli scolari (...)"

1600

The Konstantynowicz family used POCHOWICZ by-name (or Pohozy, Pohosha, Pohowicz, Rokoz, Rohoza and Pokoz nicknames, information of 1937) at first in the Minsk province since A.D. 1600. 

It was a certain Rohoza family in the Orsa district and Verchnjadzvinsk (i.e. Dryssa) region A.D. 1602/1643 but it's not our line

c. 25 August 1601

A certain judicial document from the

district of Trakai 

(i.e. Troki) tell us about noblemen, Jan Sobolewski of Busilolisdy by Kraksznia river near by Urkiszki and Stanislaw Kiszka, who litigated against a neighbour from Lachowicze due to the same taken away a little ground in 1600; the landowner called Pavel i.e.

Pawel Konstantynowicz,

Matys Gozdziewski and Stefan Stankiewicz in evidence at the end of August 1601; we read in the document about neighbours: Koklin family and Jan Sowgowicz, and also about a functionary from Trakai, Jan Stanislawowicz from Bogdanowicze village; the document signed in 

Urkiszki, 

and above village Urkiszki i.e. Ulkiszki was situated only 1 km NW of Rudziszki (i.e. Rudiskes, Lithuania now). 

07 March 1643

Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz

was rewarded a privilege in the Minsk province handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa. Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz derived from above mentioned Mikolay.

These  facts noted down in armorials of the Grand duchy of  Lithuania: 

1578 Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 

1584 Michal Konstantynowic / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus / Konstantinovicius 

1661 

they partially moved house to the EAST BELARUS in the MSCISLAU / Mstsislaw province  near to: 

KRYCAU / Kritschew by Sosh / Kritchev / Krychaw  where we had eight hundred peasants c. 1700;  neighbourhood: the Brujewicz family (in Krycau A.D. 1745), Czyz (Bazyli Czyz was an officer in Krycau in 1522), Danilowicz (Russians burned down Krycau in 1655 and all assets of Pawel Danilowicz,  too), Holynski family (proprietors of  towns Krychaw = Kritchev and Klimavici but after 1772), Jerzy Malachowski, Nowodworski, Petrazycki, dukes Polubinski or Polubenski (here as early as  1540), Siemaszko (Jan Siemaszko + wife Tomila Saprynowski at the castle of Kritchev / Krychaw in 1695), Siemienowicz (a priest Wasyl Siemienowicz in 1664), a certain Szalus (clerk in Krycau in 1568 - he  fought against Russians in the Smolensk province), Mikolaj Shukovski (Nikolay Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski), Usakowski (in Zarubec since 1878), Weselowski (i.e. Wesolowski or Wiesiolowski in Kritschew as early  as 1634 and next in 1663), Jan  Zadanowicz (or Zdanowicz, Zdanavicius in Kritchev = Krychaw A.D. 1662, he came from the Orsa / Orscha district), Wacur (in Kritschew and nearby Zimonino or Zimonin) and  others families, 

MSCISLAU  (= Mstsislaw, Mstislavl, Mstislawl) 

(the effigy from http://www.kresy.co.uk/belo_costume.html)  

and in the region northwards of MSCISLAU i.e. the  villages Samava  (either Szamowo by the Lejedna river or Chamovo at the map   of 1834, Czamow at the map "Carte Des Frontieres de Pologne  et de Russie (...)" by Rizzi Zannoni  of 1772, only 3 km from present border of Russia), Kopceuka,  Niesterevo  or  Niesterow - the Berezetnia estate, where  Swedes  looted  their assets on 29 - 30 August (the battle near to  Dobroje by White  Natopa river 16 km SW of Mscislau) A.D. 

1708 

Those near and dear in the Mscislau / Mstsislaw territory, the Polish and others known and renowned families: 

Brujewicz 

of Boncza arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, in Bohdanovka - i.e. Bogdanowka in Russia  now - in the Mscislau ex-district since 1870 and here also Poplatyno since 1870; Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn - Bor or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejeviczi, 12 km NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy or Czausy - since 1876) 

counties  Puszkin /  Pushkin 

according to Szaposznikow, vol. 1, in Mscislau = Mstsislaw 1774; owned Kolodzicz / Oltuchow in the province A.D. 1560, next Sielec or Sjalec farm south of Mstsislaw (according to "Philip's Concise World Atlas", 2003) i.e. Mscislau,  Novae Sjalo  i.e. Nowosiolki SW of Mscislau in 1774  and Monachi  from Suchodolski  family;   relations: Sokolowski,  Konstantynowicz  and Reutt  family.  The greatest Russian poet, founder of classical  Russian   poetry, Alexander Pushkin, born June 6, 1799, in Moscow, into the old noble family.  

Dederko 

of Dederkalo arms (the crest verified on 10 March 1798, they lived in the Mscislau province and possessed: Stare Siolo - 8 km NW of Mscislau, Nowe  Siolo i.e. Novae Sjalo - 13 km SW of Mscislau, Hryckowo, Pisarzewszczyzna and Turowka -  14  km  SW of   Novae Sjalo  / Nowoje Sselo  /  Nowe Siolo /  Nowosiolki)  

Holynski

relations: Chelchowski at the beginning of the  17th  cent., Suryn before 1663, Kolski from Chlyszczewo by 1670;  Ostankiewicz, Hurko, Konstantynowicz, Wojna,  Karpilowicz, Anna nee Sutocki + Norbert Holynski from Janovek,  Moskiewicz, Piszczal from Brakowiec, Kurzeniecki, counties Aleksandrowicz and Starosielski  from Holedz at the  beginning of the 18th cent.; Bojwid, Chodzkiewicz, Kaszyc,  Mister(ow), Kirkor, Zyrkiewicz, Zukowski  and Stachowski in  the 18th cent.; Kotly, Issakowicz, Nagorski (i.e. Nagurski; pilot Jan I.  Nagurskij did "the world first flight in Nesterov's flying boat on  September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger"; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel on November 16th, 1916), Swatkowski  (Swiatkowski) + Tekla nee Holynski at the end of the 18th cent.; Czudowski, Ciechanowiecki and Wieczor at the beginning  of the 19th cent. 

dukes Horski

places: Miksztyn or Miksztyno, Dudino, Liszki and Cerkowiszcze, and next here Ciechanowiecki, Hurko, Taran,  Suchodolski families 

Hurko

in Jurkowszczyzna - 1330 ha. - near to Soino, Russia now; the Hurko house related to Dabrowski family of the  Abdank coat of arms, branch from the Siauliai and Kaunas territories; relations: the Konstantynowiczs 

Jaroszewicz

Ludwik lived here in 1764 

Korsak

Jozef Korsak, officer in the Mscislau province in 1611 - lived in Hlybokae, too; the others after 1667; possessed Holubicze in the Polack = Polatsk province and an estate in the Merkine parish - the Trakai district; in the Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk  government related to the Lissowski house 

Korzeniewski 

or Korzeniowski with the Fox coat of arms or Kosciesza arms according to Piekosinski, derived from the Brest province;  the house distinguished in the Vitsyebsk  /  Vicebsk province, the Polack / Polatsk province and Livonia since the  beginning of the 18th cent.; the Korzeniewski house possessed village Usa (Usza or Staraja Usha) near by Kaluzyn, and  also they possessed in the Minsk government in the end of the 19th cent.: Piorunov(y) Most together with Nieciejewski  family, Krasny Brzeg and Hajdukowa Sloboda (Galdukova Sslobodka); Korzeniewski Jerzy + Konstancja nee Jablonski  from  the Mscislau province were owners of the Jurkowszczyzna farm in 1766 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth / Grand Principality  of  Lithuania i.e. a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania then, and Russia now   http://www.szlachta.org/tomecki.htm); they verified themselves in Hrodna in 1835; related to Ulanowski family 

Kurko

Jurkowszczyzna village, close by estates of the families Hurko, dukes Polubinski and Rajewski in the 19th cent.

Petryzycki

or Pietrazycki, Petrazycki, Petrazickis in the Orsa and Mahileu areas A.D. 1592, Mscislau 1648, farms in Suchanowo 1654, Koscielnik and Szamowszczyzna = Samauscyna 7 km NW of Mscislau; near to Krycau 1695, village Petrazyce or Pietryki by 1813 

Polonicki

related to the Konstantynowicz family; they derived from Eustafi Polonicki who stayed in Kaniow in 1663 

dukes Polubinski

Leo Polubinski in the first half of the 16th cent.; Wasil in Mstislawl A.D. 1535, Iwan was officer in Mscislau 1569, Konstantyn Polubinski in Mscislau 1627 - 1629, Karol was clerk in Mscislau in 1700; they possessed village Leszczynsk A.D. 1510, Slowuczany and next village Jurkowszczyzna since 1858 - 7 km NE of Soino i.e. Sojna at the map of 1859; the family was kinsman to the Fedorowicz house and Wolowicz i.e. Wollowicz - middle 16th century 

Rajewski 

or Rajewskij, Rajauskas with Nalecz and Radwan arms in Belarus as early as 1509, here in 1528 and after 1595, 1623,  owned Kislowicze and Fenowszczyzna in 1663, Perany in 1664, Stajow from the Ipacewicz family and Jurkowszczyzna  since 1858 - together with Polubinski; their neighbours: Komorowski from Mazyki, Ipacewicz, Strzyzewski, Zloczewski  c.  1664 

Sutocki 

i.e. Sutockas of the Dolega coat of arms with Malkowicz nickname, numerous estates in the Mscislau district in the 19th cent., next in the Trakai district, related to: Kijacki, Holynski, Krzywicki, Kozuchowski, Kondratowicz, Ostankiewicz, Zubr, Platowski - vide the work of Jan Ciechanowicz ed. in Rzeszow 2001, vol. 5 

counties  Wollowicz

or Volovitch since 1590 in this territory, next of kin with the Szemiot family in 1700, owned A.D. 1778: Staje,  Berezetnia, Horowatka, Ray - i.e. Bolschoj Raj in present Russia and near by border between Belarus and  Russia, Miteykow i.e. Miljejkova close by current border, Kozuchowicze - i.e. Koshuchowitschi in  Russia now, Polachowszczyzna, Jurginow and Pietrowicze i.e. Petrovici estate - 810 ha. and 10 km E of Soino - in  Zahustyn area, the Klimavicy district A.D. 1784, Russia now; related to Kamienski - inf. of 1623; others in Mscislau  in  1634, too.  

They came of Stanislaw Wissygina of 1413 with Bogorya arms according to Niesiecki of 1842, vol. 9, p. 414 - 421: and his son Jerzy Wyssyginowicz who accepted Wolowicz surname in 1454, and also his grandson Jerzy Wolowicz who fought in the battle near by Viedrussa in 1499, this last Jerzy had 3 sons (Niesiecki missed out a generation, I think): Bogdan, Grzegorz and third unknown; two sons came of this third unknown: Ostafiej - inf. of 1568 and Marcyan + wife nee Pac: they had 3 sons i.e. Dominik + wife nee Savicki, Jan Kazimierz + Katarzyna nee Narushevich - inf. of 1676 and Wincenty who died in 1698; above Dominik had 3 sons: Marcyan 2nd + Antonina nee Zahorovski in the Mscislau area in 1704, Krzysztof  and Wincenty from the Mscislau  province; Wincenty had daughter who had gotten married to Pac, and also six sons: Marcyan 3rd, Dominik 2nd, Aleksander, Krzysztof, Jerzy and  Stanislaw  who died in 1737 and had gotten married to Eleonora Racs; this last Stanislaw had two sons living in the Mscislau province in the middle  of the 18th cent.  

and others families. More inf. about the Mscislau province, see: 

Deka Company
At margin: Russian army in the east Lithuania since 1657 till 1661 in Mstislawl; army of Saxony in Lithuania at first in 1708/1709, and next 1713 - 1717; the Russian army stationed in the east Lithuania: 1733-1736, 1743-1748, 1757-1763, 1764, 1767 - 1772. 

Ancestors of ours 

- Piotr Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1610 in the Minsk province; he lived in the Mscislau  province A.D. 1669 

- Augustin / Augustyn Rokoz Konstantynowicz (Augustyn was a clerk of the Lithuanian military  confederation since 1661 by 1667 and after a special envoy of Michal Pac to Moscow to ask tsar Aleksei / Aleksey to put up his son Feodor /  Fiodor III as a candidate to Polish election; the municipal and territorial writer in the Mscislau province, born c. 1635, had died 1713 or before  1713) 

- Adam Konstantynowicz of 1697 

- Krzysztof  Konstantynowicz in 1697 

- Adam Franciszek Konstantynowicz A.D. 1707  

- Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big  Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a  farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings and Hurko family also (from  Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki  or  Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district)  were in trouble  for this reason with Holynski  (Kazimierz  son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by  border between Belarus and  Russia, from  Soino and Uszpol) family after 1714.  
   The above Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand duchy of Lithuania 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia: the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.); one our leg lived in the territory of  present Belarus, but the second one stood  at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992. A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by  Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.

- Antoni Konstantynowicz signed the Second Manifesto of Lithuanian Nobility in 1763 

- Dominik Konstantynowicz was born in the Mahileu (either Mogiliow or Mogiljow by Dnepr, Mogilev =  Mahilyow by Dnieper, Moghilev) Government in Russia near by Krycau / Krychaw c. 1805.  

   A certain Konstantynowicz was gotten married with Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki from Kublicze (= Kublicy) in accordance  with Boniecki; she was great-granddaughter of  

Stanislaw Duke Radziwill at Nieswiez / Nyasvizh  (b.1722) + Karolina nèe Pociej (b. 1732)  

and daughter of Jozef Piottuch - Kublicki of the Ostoja coat of arms (Oktawia born c. 1810, and Kublicy = Kublicze is situated in Uszacz region  = Ushachi, Usacy - that is west of Uszacz, the Witebsk / Vitsyebsk /  Vicebsk province, in district of Lepel / Lyepyel).  Mentioned Konstantynowicz that was  Dominik born c. 1805, exceptionally well-off man, the second husband of Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki because Jozef  Szumski was the first one. It was plenty of conversations among families of Zarakowski and Konstantynowicz even in the  middle of the twentieth century about wealth of Dominik. 

   These spouses were related with: dukes Radziwill (one of richest person of Poland and Lithuania in eighteenth century, Stanislaw duke Radziwill was an immediate descendant of Aleksander Ludwik duke Radziwill - born  1594 - with "Trumpets" coat of arms and his wife Tekla nèe Wollowicz; also the descendant of  Mikolaj Krzysztof duke Radziwill  called  the "Black" born 1515 in Nieswiez  -  most influential man in Grand Principality of Lithuania in 16th cent. and an uncle of Barbara Radziwill),  dukes Oginski, Szumski, Piottuch  (- Kublicki), Smokowski, Soltan, Pociej  and Benislawski. 

   Note about the Piottuch - Kublicki family: 

   Ferdynand Piottuch - Kublicki, who was an activist of 1863 in the East Belarus, was friend of Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski from the  Vicebsk region and also Walerjan Weryho / Valerian Veryho (he was owner of the Stajki estate - South of Vicebsk, close to the Dymanowo station, where Russian police on 22nd April 1863 attempted to arrest him). Above Ferdynand  Piottuch - Kublicki was neighbour of Wasilewski and relation of Staniewicz; he and  duke Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski / Weryho stayed in Vicebsk in 1862 and in Stajki 1863. Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski was familiar to: Moniuszko, Odyniec, Syrokomla and with Aleksander Chodecki in Mohylew (Mahileu or Mogiliow) in 1859. 

    Note about the Benislawski family: 

     The Benislawskis from Polack / Polatsk / Polock, Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk / Witebsk, Lucyn / Ludza and Rzeczyce / Rzeczyca / Rezekne districts (here also in the thirties of the  20th  cent.). The bishop of Mogilev (Mohylew, Mahileu or Mogiliow), Jan Benislawski  who was in Rome 1783, consecrated new  R.C. church in Aglona, in SE  Latgale, 25 km SE of Preili and 40 km NE of  Daugavpils, in 1800.  The Kastyr estate  i.e. Kastire  was situated in this parish: 42,5 km NE of  Daugavpils (Dunaburg,  Dyneburg), and belonged to the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef  Brzezinski and next Zaba  family. 

All descendants with the Fox proper coat of arms (and probably with the Bowel(s), Three Crosses and Radwan armorial bearings, too) and with  our Konstantynowicz surname in the 17th cent. came from Michno Konstantynowicz 

region of Brest

1664 Jedrzej i.e. Andrew Konstantynowicz was the mayor of Brest and Roman  Konstantynowicz was a priest of the Greek Church in Jelna A.D. 1667 - as far as I know Jelnia i.e.  Jelna was situated about 12 km away from Scucyn 

and Mscislau

above 

in the SLONIM district

Hermogen Konstantynowicz wrote down in tribunal documents together with his neighbour Mizgier (Mizgier family lived also in Perepeczyn and Kolyszki in the Lida region A.D. 1608) in 1603, and also Michal Konstantynowicz - he signed the Olkienicka Alliance in 1698 and had Radwan coat of arms with Plavski by-name; the Arcimowicz family had also the Plavski nickname in a Braslau area, inf. of 1698 and 1763

the others of the Konstantynowicz family lived in the central  MINSK province continuously

the Babianowszczyzna village i.e. Buchta, Little Loszyca (Loszyce) in the Koroliszczewice parish - region of Siennica (the estate of Siennica was pawned and at a later date also sold by Stefan Dostojewski to duke Piotr Gorski son of Hryhory at the end of 16th cent.), Koroleszczenicze (i.e. Koroliszczewice / Koroleszczewicze or Karoliszczewicze at the map of 1859) and others; Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz as early as 1643 and Jan Konstantynowicz in 1698; following Jan Konstantynowicz was born in the Minsk province at the beginning of the 18th cent. and possessed here the village Buchta = Baguta at present 

and PINSK

a certain Konstantynowicz called Rokoz i.e. Pokoz in 1674 

in the province of VILNA

Jozef Konstantynowicz Master of Arts, published "Decisio controversiae juris canonici (...)"  in 1647 and Stefan who was a member of the municipal board of Vilna in 1665 and  information about him in 1669 and February the 06th, 1672 - in accordance with "The  Records of the Lithuanian High Court" vol. XI, p. 319 about Iwan Pott; also Symon (=  Szymon) Konstantynowicz was a deputy to the Warsaw general confederation in 1668; lady  Maryna Konstantynowicz lived in the Vilna district in 1673; Franciszek Konstantynowicz  lived in the Vilna town in 1686 and he witnessed a riot 

in PORAZAVA and Vaukavysk district

   the Konstantynowicz family with our coat of arms lived also at the Vaukavysk district in the 17th cent. in accordance with "The Town Court Records"; Porazava i.e. Porozov landed property = Porosow near Vaukavysk in 1669 

in the Paszkowszczyzna - Kuranec region

  Jan Konstantynowicz in the Asmjany ex-district 1690,  7 km north - east of Vilejka in the  17th century. 

In the Hrodna district

  Adam Konstantynowicz landowner near to Grodno with his neighbour Eysymont in 1646  and Bazyli Konstantynowicz who was a royal general in the Hrodna district 1664 - 1688. A  certain Teodor Drozdowicz of Jastrzebiec arms was the royal general in this district also in 1682.  

   The Ejsmont family  (= counties Eysymont or Eysimont)  owned a Cydzik farmland and they were  a neighbourhood of Konstantynowicz  house. The Eysmont house was related to Bylinski or Bilinskis family of Lodzia arms from Kleptowszczyzna and Koraziewo village in 1623. The Jurowski family or Jurauskas of Friend arms in an estate of Jurewicze also was a neighbourhood of them, and   Tolloczko house who had relationship with Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz or Dvozeckas - Bagdanavicius.  Kalenkiewicz family of   Kotwicz arms from the Jurewicze estate was related to the  Konstantynowicz noble house.  Andrzej, Marek and Konstantin /  Konstanty Konstantynowicz stayed at the Zydomlija region in space of 1630 / 1690.  

   Tolloczko i.e. Toloczko or Talackas with the Pobog diverse coat of arms according to Gajl, p. 234 and the Godziemba arms derived from Podlasie area, and for the  first time information of 1391, verified in 1800, possessed Nieprakszty in the Trakai district and Dobury in the Vilkmerge district; Toloczko noble family with Pobog arms in the Hrodna district, and for the first time information of 1619, 1632, 1648, 1672, 1674 and 1764; the Pobog diverse arms: shield - an arrow diagonally going out of horseshoe, with three feathers and crown above the shield.  

   Kalenkiewicz lived in villages: Tereszki - Zygmuntowszczyzna, Zukiewicze, Niescierowskie, Filipowskie, Jurewicze, Kotra - Kalenkiewicze, Huszczyce and  Piotrowszczyzna, too.  

In the Trakai (Troki) district

   Krzysztof Konstantynowicz was a clerk of the district in 1669. 

 On active service during the war against Russia 1654 - 1667 

- a certain Konstantynowicz with the Fox arms commanded a Cossack troops that occupied quarters in Krasiejewie and Iwaniki (the Pinsk district   probably) villages; these places rifled on their stay on 15 January 1665; the above Konstantynowicz commanded the Tartar troops in 1666 and  mister Fastowicz and Gasiewski (Gosiewski ) prosecuted the a.n. in the Mscislau court (the Mscislau province according to Jan Ciechanowicz) 

- Augustyn Konstantynowicz (died 1713) was a clerk of the Lithuanian military confederation in the Mscislau province since 1661 by  1667 according to Jan Vladyslav Poczobutt - Odlanicki (the diarist was born in Pomornoki A.D. 1640, d. 1703, memorials 1640 - 1684, supporter of the Pac family and  Vincenty Gosievski since 1659). 

The Konstantynowicz ancestry lived in the 18th cent. 

1.

in the  Minsk  province 

   Koroleszczenicze (= the parish of Koreliszczewicze / Koroleszczewicze / Koroleszczenicze) near to Minsk and the holding Little Loszyca  next to Koroleszczenicze; we were in the Buchta estate (i.e. Bahuta at the map of 1859, Baguta or  Babianowszczyzna in the parish of Luzki that is Lushki west of Smolewicze or Smaljavicy / Smolevichi), here Jan  Konstantynowicz and his sons: Maciej, Pawel, Samuel, Bazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin in the first half of the 18th century. 

   According to http://www.dresselgenealogy.us/XIX.htm (the Dressel / Dreszel Genealogy): in 1774 Jan  Konstantynowicz was residing in Stashynki / Starzynki / Stashynek, and he witnessed to an attempt on Jerzy Dreszel = Dressel; he was giving the names of the people involved in it: Alexander and Konstancya HORAIN WOYSKI / Harain Wojski (they have told that the duce Woronecki tries to include  Stashynek / Starzynek in the County of Koydanov / Kojdanow, SW of Minsk, and that he means to take over the estate by force from Horain Woyski).  Jan  Konstantynowicz was one of the willing to help for Dressel. His neighbours: Tadeusz Rutski / Rucki, Antoni Borowski, Jan Oskirka  Zienkiewicz, Jan Daszkiewicz and Mikolaj Downar.  

2.

near to Braslau

(or Braslaw) SE of Dyneburg; they were close to the family of Beynar - Bejnarowicz, with Novina - Zlotogolenczyk coat of arms  

3.

next Mscislau

above  

4.

near by Brzesc

 or Brest = Brest - Litovsk 

5.

at Volhynia

1729 with the "palatinus Kijoviensis" title to Bazyli Konstantynowicz but Volhynia is  outside of the Grand duchy of Lithuania; "(...) two Konstantynowicz families have been (...)  verified in (...) Podolyia (05. 12. 1841) and in Volhynia (04. 12. 1844)" according to Andrzej Bajor -  this quotation  without the Author's written permission  

6.

in the Grodno (= Hrodna) province

an information was about Jozef Konstantynowicz on 19 April 1764 and the same Jozef in 1765; besides in 1765: Antoni, Jan, Dominik, Benedykt and Leon Konstantynowicz  served their country; the Konstantynowicz families, owners of Tolloczki village in part, survived in the Hrodna area in the 18th cent. according to S. Koscialovski and they lived in parishes of Pojeziersk and Lawkowo = Lavkovo ("Antoni Tyzenhaus", volume 1, p. 646)

7.

in the Vilna (Wilno) area

Jan Konstantynowicz and Michal in 1779 (they lived in the Hrodna district, too). 1788 - Szymon Konstantynowicz deputy "a communitate" of Wilno city to the 4-years Polish Parliament. It hasn't signatures of persons with the Konstantynowicz surname from the Grand duchy of Lithuania (without   the Polish Ukraine: Podolia and Volhynia) in a documents of the Sluck Protestant Confederation of 1767 

8.

near to Perejaslav

somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of  Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

and somebody pro tempore in Greater Poland afterwards in  the 18th century, too. 

The Konstantynowicz family from eastern Belarus is my ancestry

1772 

this territory (Mscislau,  Samava, near to Krycau) was  already in Russia, as the  Government of Mahileu (or Mogilev by  Dnieper, Mogiljow by Dnepr) after the 1st Partition of Poland, I am afraid.  Seventy years later on  they  partly have moved out to the  easternmost parts of the  Minsk government, to the  Berezina parish circa  

1842 

id est in the villages  BOROVINA and  MIEZONKA (the village is  situated 28 kilometres south - east  of Berazino = Beresino, Berezyna,  Berezina, Byerazino or Berezino).  

 Left - the German map  of 1943, NE of  Miezonka. 

The place  was the Radziwill estate to 1832 / 1842. More  information about families and villages in the Berezina parish (i.e. Berezino) and the Ihumen  district, see:    Berezyna http://www.catholic.by/port/en/dioceses/minsk-mohilev/ 

The above Meshonka: here lived Antoni Konstantynowicz - was born c. 1833 - and his son Stanislaw; the same Stanislaw  Konstantynowicz from Miezonka (i.e. Miezonki) and Anna nee Malkiewicz are foster parents of my grandfather; my  great grandmother Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place  Asveja / Oswieja) in the Government of Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk; her ancestry was near related to the families: 

Czyzewski (from the Dzisna district), 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Belarus. Miezonka noble locality east of the Berezyna river.

von Krey / The House of Croy (Count von Croy in 1697 entered the Russian service i.e. the Baltic German noble Croy / Krej family from Tallinn and Livonia - http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id70.html from Polish Livonia).

Von Croy / Круа / Croy / Kруи, Крои, Крой; from Niederlande.

Count Alexander K. Benckendorf / Benckendorff b. 1849 d. 1916 / January 11, 1917 in London, Russian diplomat.
Son of
Konstantin Benckendorf / Benckendorff and Princess Louise de Croy, 1825-1890. Brother of Benckendorff P. K. / Benckendorf.
Since 1868, the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: the Russian mission in Florence and Rome, 1886 in Rome and Vienna, in 1895 in Vienna; 1897 to 1902 in Denmark;
1902-1916 Ambassador of Russia to the United Kingdom.
He was married to Sofia Petrovna Shuvalov (1857-1928).
The most famous representative of Von Croy in Russia was
Charles Eugene de Croy, Field-Marshal
on the Saxon and Russian services.
Jeanne Louise de Croy / Louise Constantine Nathalie Jeanne Auguste de Croy, b. 2 June 1825, Anholt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, d. 1890 in Merano, Italie; 15 km south of the Italy border, north-west of Venezia; her parents: Philippe François de Croy born 1801 in Wien, married 1824 to Johanna Wilhelmine Auguste de Salm-Salm.

Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf / Ivan Johann Benckendorf Ivanovich / Benckendorf Ivan Ivanovich / Johann Michael 1720-1775 - Lieutenant-General, chief commandant of Revel, the grandfather of the famous Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf / A. H. Benckendorf. Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf was born in 1720, he came from an old noble family of Franconia that in the XVI century - XIX cent. moved to Livonia; father of

1. Christopher Benckendorf Ivanovich / Christoph Ivanovich Benckendorff 1749-1823 (eldest son of Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf, entered military service in 1760, in 1762 was already an officer of the Count Chernyshev troops and took part in the final affairs of the Seven Years' War. General of Infantry, the military governor of Riga.

His wife - Anna Juliana nee Baroness von Schilling Canstadt 1759 - ca 1830, she was a childhood friend of the Empress Maria Feodorovna; from this marriage were born two sons:
Alexander - cavalry general, a member of the State Council, and
Constantine - Adjutant General,
daughter Daria was married to a member of the Council of State H. A. Lieven),

2. Georg Christian von Benckendorff, and

3. Johann /Иван Иванович von Benckendorff.

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 / 1782 or 1783, d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General and the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia. He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844.

His brother Konstantin Christophorowitsch Graf von Benckendorff b. 1785 / Constantine / Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven a socialite and political force in London and Paris.

Anna Juliane von Benckendorff
(under copyright by geni.com, Freiin Schilling von Canstadt) b. ca 1746; her husband Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff b. 1749 and her sons: Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich Graf von Benckendorff (b. 1781 / 1782 / 1783 - died 1844, Russia's military commander, General of Cavalry, chief of police, Chief of III separation Office 1826 - 1844; brother of Constantine Benckendorff and Dorothea Lieven) and Konstantin Christophorowitsch Graf von Benckendorff b. 1785; and her granddaughter - Sophia von Benckendorff b. 1825; her father Karl Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1697, and grandfather Ludwig Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1654; her brother Ludwig Joseph Ferdinand Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1753, who has son

Paul Ludwig Schilling von Canstadt b. 1786 - d. 1837

(Emperor Nicholas visited him to ask to see the telegraph experiments, he presented his telegraph in 1833 in Berlin; 1835, he again traveled to Western Europe).

Count Alexander K. Benckendorf / Benckendorff b. 1849 d. 1916 / January 11, 1917 in London, Russian diplomat.
Son of
Konstantin Benckendorf / Benckendorff
(Konstantin b. 1816, d. in Paris, 1858, son of Constantin Benckendorff b. 1785, d. 1828;

grandson of Christoph Benckendorff b. 1749 and Charlotte Schilling von Canstatt

b. 1744)
and Princess Louise de Croy, 1825-1890.
Brother of Benckendorff P. K. / Benckendorf.
Since 1868, the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Jeanne Louise de Croy m. 1848 to
Constantin von Benckendorff, count, b. 1816 in Berlin, d. 1858, son of Constantin Khristoforovitch von Benckendorff 1783-1828 and Nathalie Alopaus 1796-1823. Her son Alexander von Benckendorff 1849-1916 married 1879 in St Petersburg to Sofia Petrovna Shuvalova 1857.

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 or 1783, d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General and the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia.

His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven a socialite and political force in London and Paris.

He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844. His family possesed Schloss Fall / Keila-Joa from 1827 or 1837 and in 1830s Meremőisa / Merremois / Meremoisa, close to Keila-Joa.

His relatives: Gertrude Margaretha von Benckendorff nee Staël von Holstein, wife of Georg Christian Benckendorff and Otto Wilhelm von Essen. This Georg Christian von Benckendorff b. 1754 died 1790 in Hamina, Finland. He was son of Johann Michael Ivanovich von Benckendorff d. Reval, was born 1720 in Reval /Tallinn; and he was grandson of Johann IV von Benckendorff b. 1659 in Riga and d. 1727 Riga.

Jeanne Louise de Croy's siblings:
Leopold de Croy 1827-1894 married 1864 in Venezia, to Béatrice Nugent 1819-1880, 2nd time to Rosa Caroline von Sternberg 1836-1918;
Alexander Gustav August de Croy 1828-1887 m. to Elisabeth Maria von Westphalen zu Fürstenberg 1834-1910; Stéphanie de Croy 1831-1906; Amélie de Croy 1835-1897; Marie de Croy 1837-1915 m. to Karl Maria Lichnowsky 1819-1901; Auguste Philippe de Croy 1840-1913 m. to Adelheid Franziska de Salm-Salm 1840-1916.

Baroness Beatrix Nugent of Nugent-Westmeath / Béatrice Nugent b. 1819 or 1822

(the daughter of Count Laval Nugent of Nugent-Westmeath, who m. Duchess Giovanna Riario-Sforza of Riario-Sforza-Corleto b. 1797; Laval Nugent von Westmeath b. in Ballynacor ca 18 km north-east of Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland, on 3 Nov. 1777 - died in Karlovac, 21 August 1862, was son of Count Michael Anton Nugent von Westmeath. Laval Nugent von Westmeath was the Governor of Prague; 1793 he served the Austrian Army; 1815, he commanded the Austrian Army in Italy, liberated Rome;
1817 he entered the service of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies in Napoli;
1820, he returned to Austrian Army as Field Marshal in 1849; Nugent died near Karlovac and buried in Rijeka)

in Napoli / Naples / Neapol, Italie, died on 26 March 1880 in Wien / Vienna; m. in 1864 in Venezia, Italie, to Prince Leopold Emanuel Ludwig Croy - Dülmen / Léopold de Croy , who was born 8 May 1827 and died in Wien, was son of Philippe François de Croy 1801-1871 and Johanna Wilhelmine Auguste de Salm-Salm.
Her next of kin:
1. Helen Georgina Nugent b. 10 July 1842 in Napoli, Campania, Italy or in
Mullingar, Westmeath, Ireland. Married on 30 July 1873 to Dacre Mervyn Archdale Hamilton. Dacre Mervyn Archdale Hamilton born in Cornacassa, Monaghan, Ireland.
Lived in Cornacassa, the County of Monaghan. Dacre Mervyn Archdale Hamilton d. 1899 in Cornacassa, County Monaghan, Ireland. Helen Georgina Nugent was daughter of Walter Nugent, 1st Baron Nugent and Georgiana Elizabeth Jenkinson. Her children:
a. Georgina Eglantine Hamilton, b. 1876, Cornacassa, Monaghan, Ireland;
b. Agnes Elizabeth Hamilton, of Cornacassa, Monaghan, d. 1972;
c. Edith Louisa Hamilton, b.
1884 in Pau, Pyrenees-Atlantiques, France.

Above Walter Nugent, 1st Baron Nugent was died in 1864; was the son of John Nugent (he lived at Merrion Square, Dublin, Ireland) and Mary Gregg.

2. Count Laval Jeremias Anton Nugent of Nugent b. 1843 in Triest, d. 1923 in Florence.

3. We know on John Nugent who died 1827.

Important note:
A.
Luigi Scotti Douglas / Louis Scotti was born in 1796 in Naples / Napoli, married Mary Josephine Carlier, with whom he had Ferdinand, Federico and Alfonso; he began his military career as a bodyguard in 1816; after a long military career in 1859 promoted field marshal. Died in Naples, 1880. The branch of Vigolino settled in Naples, from RAMIZIO married Josephine Poulet, next generation in Napoli: Joseph, Count of Vigolino b. 1776 who married Dorothy Granalais; his son: Luigi who was above mentioned; his sons: Ferdinand, Federico, Alfonso; above named FERDINAND Scotti b. 1831, student from 1841 to 1847, captain, 1861 in Gaeta; FEDERICO b. 1836, served the Guards, ALFONSO Scotti Douglas, Earl of Vigolino, b. 1849, promoted lieutenant of Engineers and appointed assistant director of the Force in Capua, he returned to college to finish studies, married Celestina Loencilli with son EDOARDO b. in Naples, 1874 married to Emma Gini, with daughter Annita b. Milan in 1904, and ALFONSO in 1910.
Mary Josephine Carlier - maybe she is Mary Carlier, b. 1811, daughter of Daniel Carlier and Mary Marlain.
B.
CARACCIOLO Louis / CARACCIOLO Luigi, b. 1826 in Napoli, d. 1889 in MILAN. His father: Carlo Luigi and mother: Teresa SANCHEZ DE LUNA. It is hereditary noble family. Noble titles Duca di San Teodoro, di Sant’Arpino, di Casal di Principe, di Parete, Marquis / marchese di Capriglia, of Villamaina; the Neapolitan citizen; m. LOCK Augusta Selima; children: Teresa, married firstly Marcantonio Colonna.
C.
MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, was born close to Capua in 1840, north of Napoli. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern; she was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano.
D.
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841 - 1934) was the third son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. Born in Caserta; but the Two Sicilies were conquered by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1861.
Ferdinand was born in Palermo, the son of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his wife and first cousin Maria Isabella of Spain. Ferdinand II was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859. Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta was married to his cousin, Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies b. 1851, a daughter of Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria, Princess of Tuscany. Her paternal grandparents were Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain. Francis of the Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani b. 1827 in Naples. Count Andrzej Przemysław Konstanty Jan Władysław Zamoyski b. 1852 was a Polish aristocrat and landowner, the grandson of Count Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, and of Count Przemysław Potocki. Andrzej Przemysław married Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, granddaughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies, and had eight children.

4. Countess Eleonora Marie Emma Nugent b. 1867 in Goerz, Friuli-Venezia.
5. Eleonora Nugent died in 1795, m. Baron Robert Kerr I of Kerr-Newfield b. 1707.

The Two Sicilies Kingdom - Napoli, Ballynacor in Ireland, and Freemasons in Ireland:

Freemasons:

1763 Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath;

1767 Ford Lambart, 5th Earl of Cavan; 1770 William FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare; 1874 James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn; 1886 James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn.

Above mentioned Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath b. 1714 - d. 1792; was an Irish peer and freemason; his father John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath.

Nugent was appointed Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1763, a post he held for the following four years. By his first wife, Mary Stapleton, he had one son Richard Nugent, Lord Delvin (1742–1761); by his second wife, Catherine White, he had three sons and one daughter: George Frederick Nugent, 7th Earl of Westmeath (1760–1814). Richard Nugent, Lord Delvin (1742 - 1761) was an Irish duellist and Member of Parliament, was the eldest son of Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath and adopted the courtesy title of Lord Delvin in 1754; was challenged to a duel by Capt. George Reilly.

George Frederick Nugent, 7th Earl of Westmeath PC (1760 - 1814), he married Maryanne Jeffries, divorced, 1797 Westmeath remarried Lady Elizabeth Moore, daughter of Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda; had several children of the first marriage: George Nugent, 1st Marquess of Westmeath. There were five children of the second marriage, Robert, Thomas, Elizabeth, Catherine and Mary.

George Thomas John Nugent, 1st Marquess of Westmeath (1785 - 1871), The Earl of Westmeath between 1814 and 1821, was an Irish peer. Nugent was born in Clonyn, County Westmeath, the son of George Frederick Nugent, 7th Earl of Westmeath, and Marianne, daughter of Major James St. John Jefferyes. Lord Westmeath was married three times. He married firstly Lady Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil, daughter of James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury; he married, secondly, Maria Jervis; married, lastly, Elizabeth Charlotte Verner.

Anthony Francis Nugent, 11th Earl of Westmeath, b. 1870, at Pallas and Spring Garden, Tynagh, County Galway, also in County Roscommon in the parish of Ogulla; became a Privy Counsellor in 1902.

Gilbert Charles Nugent, 12th Earl of Westmeath, 1880-1971, married Doris Imlach of Liverpool; children William and Pamela.

Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath 1777 - 1862, a soldier of Irish birth who fought in the armies of Austria and the Two Sicilies; born at Ballynacor, Ireland, was the son of Count Michael Anton Nugent von Westmeath, Governor of Prague. Ballynacor, West Meath, County Westmeath, Ireland.

Husband of Giovanna Riario-Sforza, father of Beatrix Nugent von Westmeath; Gilbert Nugent von Westmeath; Leontine Nugent, Arthur Patrick, Albert Nugent and John Patrick Nugent.

Michael Anton Nugent von Westmeath born ca 1750?

Ancestors of Johann Laval Anton Maria Viktor, count Nugent-Pallavicini-Centurioni-Fibbia 1877 Graz - died 1930: parents: Laval Jeremias Anton, count Nugent b. 1843 in Triest (d. 1923 in Florence: 1st m. to Baroness Emma von Zahony b. 1847 in Triest, 2nd to Maria Pallavicini Fibbia of Centurioni, 3rd to Karoline von Steininger), and Maria Pallavicini Fibbia, marquise of Centurioni b. 1850. The parents of above Jeremias: Johann, count Nugent b. 1796 in Dublin, died in Brescia, and Regina Contessa Abriani b. 1813.

The father of above

Johann b. 1796:

Michael Anton Nugent b. ca 1750,
who was also father of mentioned above:
Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath 1777 - 1862, the armies of Austria and the Two Sicilies; born at Ballynacor, Ireland.

Above named Philippe François Prince de Croy /
Philippe François de Croy born 1801 in Wien / Vienna, Austria, d. 1871 in Bad Ems;
he was son of Auguste Philippe Louis Emanuel de Croy and Anne Victurnienne de Rochechouart Mortemart; husband of Johanna Wilhelmine Auguste zu Salm-Salm; he was father of Leopold de Croy - Dulmen; Maria, Alexander Croy, Luise, Stephanie, Amalie, August-Philipp. Copyright by Douglas John Nimmo in 2013.
Above Auguste Philippe Louis Emanuel de Croy b. 1765 in Paris,
son of Anne Emmanuel de Croy, prince de Solre and Augusta Frederika Wilhelmina Ernestine von Salm Kirburg; husband of Anne Victurnienne de Rochechouart Mortemart; copyright by George J. Homs.
Above mentioned Anne Emmanuel Ferdinand François de Croy, b.
1743 in Paris; died 1803 in Le Roeulx, Hainaut, Walloon Region, Belgium.
He was son of Anne Emmanuel de Croy, prince de Solre and Louise Angélique Gabrielle Adélaide d'Harcourt; husband of Augusta Frederika Wilhelmina Ernestine von Salm Kirburg. Anne Emmanuel de Croy b.
1718 in Condé-sur-l'Escaut, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France.
Inf. by geni.com and George J. Homs in 2012.

During the French Revolution, Anne Emmanuel de Croy (1743–1803) moved his seat from Le Roeulx to the Westphalian town of Dülmen.
His sons:
1. Gustave Maximilien Juste of Croy (in Condé-sur-Escaut 1772 / 1773 – 1844),
2. Emmanuel Maximilian Maria (Paris, 1768),
3. Auguste Louis Philippe Emmanuel de Croy / Le Bel Auguste (Paris 1765 – 1822);
Auguste had 3 sons: Alfred, Ferdinand, and
Philipp Franz / Philippe François Prince de Croy born 1801 in Wien / Vienna, Austria, d. 1871 in Bad Ems.
Anne Emmanuel de Croy b. 1743 was son of Emmanuel de Croy-Solre b. in Condé-sur-Escaut, 1718 and Angélique-Adelaide d'Harcourt b. 1719 - d. 1744.
Anne Emmanuel married 1764, to Friederike Auguste zu Salm-Kyrburg (1747-1822).

Le Roeulx, Hainaut, Walloon Region, in Belgium - close to La Louviere and Mons, 18 km to France.
Condé-sur-l'Escaut, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais - in France, west of Mons ca 22 km, near by Belgium.

Let's look now at the Nugent family ancestors from Ireland, who then settled in Italy: Modena and Napoli.

1. Richard Nugent, 1st Earl of Westmeath (1583 - 1642) was an Irish nobleman and politician; he was the eldest son of Christopher Nugent, 6th Baron Delvin, and Lady Mary FitzGerald, daughter of Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare. Richard Nugent married Jenet Plunkett, daughter of Christopher Plunkett, 9th Baron Killeen and sister of Luke Plunkett, 1st Earl of Fingall. They had five sons:

Christopher, Baron Delvin; Francis;

John, ancestor of the Austrian Counts Nugent von Westmeath;

Lawrence; Ignatius (d. 1671), a Colonel in the French service.

2. Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath (1621 / 1623 - d. 1684) was the grandson of Richard Nugent, 1st Earl of Westmeath. His father, Christopher, Lord Delvin; his mother was Lady Anne MacDonnell, daughter of Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim. He and Mary Nugent had children: Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin, died before 1680; Anne Nugent, married firstly Lucas Dillon, 6th Viscount Dillon, and secondly Sir William Talbot, 3rd Baronet; Thomas Nugent, 1st Baron Nugent of Riverston, d. 1715; Mary Nugent b. 1648, married Henry Barnewall, 2nd Viscount Barnewall of Kingsland. He was succeeded by his grandson, Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath, son of Christopher, Lord Delvin.

3. Thomas Nugent (d. 1715) as Baron of Riverston; he was the second son of Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath, by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Nugent; made his residence at Pallas, County Galway; married in 1680 to Marianna Barnewall, daughter of Henry Barnewall, 2nd Viscount Barnewall - their children were: Hyacinth Richard Nugent, 2nd Baron Nugent of Riverston; William Nugent, 3rd Baron Nugent of Riverston, died 1756; and Mary Nugent.

4. Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin (d. before 1680) was the eldest son of Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath. His brother was Thomas Nugent, 1st Baron Nugent of Riverston. By his wife, Mary Butler had: Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath, b. ca 1665 / 1669, d. 1714; Thomas Nugent, 4th Earl of Westmeath, b. ca 1670, d. 1752; and John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath, b. 1671, d. 1754.

5. Richard Nugent, 3rd Earl of Westmeath, born ca 1665 / 1669, died 1714; a son of Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin and Mary Butler; he succeeded his grandfather, Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath. He was succeeded by his brother, Thomas Nugent, 4th Earl of Westmeath.

6. Thomas Nugent, 4th Earl of Westmeath (1669 - 1752) was an Irish soldier and peer. He was married to Margaret Bellew, a daughter of John Bellew, 1st Baron Bellew of Duleek; children: Katherine Nugent (married Andrew Nugent of Desart, County Westmeath), Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin d. 1752, John; Mary Nugent (1694 - 1725).

7. Jane Mary Nugent b. 1734 / 1737 in Rathcormac, the southern Ireland, the Cork county, south of Fermoy; 28 km north-east of Cork.

8. Nugent Thomas. Born 1680?? Writer, 1765 doctor of laws at Aberdeen, Scotland, and a Catholic physician at Bath, close to Bristol - England; Royal Society.

9. Laval Nugent von Westmeath b. 03 or 30.11.1777 in Ballynacor, West Meath, County Westmeath, Ireland; close to Delvin, 17 km north-east of Mullingar.

10. Marguerite Jeanne / Margaret Molza (died 11 February 1776 in France), the daughter of Count Mozla / Charles Molza of Modena, Italy.

11.
In 1677 Thomas Nugent was granted an estate of 3250 acres in the baronies of Leitrim and Longford, county Galway, including Pallace.

12. Robert Craggs, Earl, born ca 1730?, member of the English parliament, three times to Bristol, 1767 viscount Clare, 1776 earl Nugent; died 1788.

13. Nugent Thomas. Born 1680?? Writer, 1765 doctor of laws at Aberdeen, Scotland, and a Catholic physician at Bath; Royal Society, died 1772. His daughter

(but is different inf.: father was Christopher Nugent, b. 1678 in Strand, London, died in London, who had children: John Nugent and Jane Nugent)

Jane Mary Nugent (1734 / 1737 in

Rathcormac, Cork, Ireland

- died in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England, 1812) was wife of Mr. Edmund Burke, on 12 March 1757 - their son Richard was born on 9 February 1758. Another son, Christopher, died in infancy. Burke also helped raise a ward, Edmund Nagle (later Admiral Sir Edmund Nagle), the son of a cousin orphaned in 1763. First son was James Burke.

14. Laval Nugent von Westmeath b. 03 or 30.11.1777 in Ballynacor, West Meath, County Westmeath, Ireland; died in 1862 in Bosiljevo, Karlovac, Croatia. Son of Michael Anton Nugent von Westmeath b. ca 1750? Husband of Giovanna Riario-Sforza, father of Giovanna Gfn Nugent von Westmeath, Beatrix Nugent von Westmeath, Gilbert Gf Nugent von Westmeath, Leontine Gfn. Nugent von Westmeath, Arthur Patrick Gf. Nugent von Westmeath, Albert Nugent and John Patrick Nugent. Copyright by geni.com.

Gilbert Nugent b. ca 1720? m. NN with child Michael Anton Nugent m. NN.

Above Michael Anton Nugent von Westmeath. Govenor of Prague; inf. by George J. Homs.

15. Thomas Nugent, Earl of Westmeath, published with Robert Mason, in London, 1699.

16. George Thomas John Nugent Westmeath, 1st Marquess of Westmeath (17 July 1785 - 5 May 1871), published in Dublin, 1825.

On the mentioned above Laval Nugent von Westmeath b. 03 or 30.11.1777 in Ballynacor: married in 1815, to Johanna Herzogin von Sforza-Riario (? - 1855), he received promotion to Generalmajor on 24 May 1809, 1813, he commanded the 5th Hussars in the Army of Inner Austria.

In 1824 Lord Riverston and Arthur Nugent of Flower Hill are described as resident proprietors in county Galway. Property at Pallas and Spring Garden were occupied by Anthony F. Nugent at the time of Griffith's Valuation. This branch of the Nugent family was related to the Earls of Westmeath and that title passed to them in the 1870s.

17. John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath (1671 - 3 July 1754), son of Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin and Mary Butler. Nugent succeeded his brother, Thomas Nugent, 4th Earl of Westmeath, in 1752. He served in the French army, seeing action at Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, the sieges of Douai and Quesnoy, and at Denain. He began as an officer in 1706.

He married Marguerite Jeanne / Margaret Molza (died 11 February 1776 in France), the daughter of Count Mozla / Charles Molza of Modena, Italy, on 7 January 1711, and had children:

James Nugent, John Christopher, Richard, Edward (d. 1777 in Portarlington, Ireland), Marie Charlotte, François Christine and Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath.

18. Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath b. 1714 - d. 1791 or September 1792, was an Irish peer and freemason. He gained the title Earl of Westmeath in 1754 on the death of his father John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath. Nugent was appointed Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1763. By his first wife, Mary Stapleton, he had Richard Nugent, Lord Delvin (1742 - 1761); by his second wife, Catherine White, he had three sons and one daughter: George Frederick Nugent, 7th Earl of Westmeath (1760 - 1814, married to Marianne Jefferys Cavendish-Bradshaw, Moore) and Catharine Nugent (1766 - 1794), married John Rodney.

19. Maj. Gen. John Nugent 1671 - 1754, of Westmeath, his siblings: 1, 2, 3 NN; 4. Thomas Nugent (Bellew) 1655 - 1752, 5. Richard Nugent 1669 - 1714.

20. Thomas Nugent d. 1791, of Westmeath; his siblings: 1. Charles Nugent, 2. Nugent, 3. Edward Nugent d. 1777. Wifes: 1. Mary Stapleton, 2. 1756, Catherine White.

Margaret Nugent nee Molza, d. 1776 in France, daughter of Count Charles Molza and Véronique Molza, wife of John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath, Maj. Gen., b. 1671 - d. 1754; and mother of Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath; inf. by Michael Lawrence Rhodes; Véronique Molza nee Angelotti.

The Rolin or Rollin family (1768 Charles Rollin) was originally from Mons. See Oginski family and a tutor from Vienna / Wieden / Wien.
The Rollin / Rolin family from: Namur, west of Mons, Belgium; in Pessoux east-south of Namur; in Ciney - close to above Pessoux; in Celles. Jean Joseph ROLIN was born in Bry - Celles. Celles is south of Achene, and 10 km south-west of Ciney, Belgique; 12 km from border of France; southern Belgique.

Ostrowski (derived from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki of 1697; Kaki farm situated 16,5 km NW of Ludza / Ludsen in Polish Livonia), 

In detail on the noble Brzezinski / Bžezinskis family: 

1. the Brzezinski house of the Doliva coat of arms verified in Vilna on 08 November 1837; the noble Brzezinski family of Doliva arms verified  themselves in Kovno 1837, according to Uruski, vol. 2 (Franciszek son of Jan) and in Vilna 1858 (Kacper son of Kazimierz with sons of mentioned Kacper: Onufry, Jan,  Ludwik, Jozef, and also Michal son of Kazimierz); 

2. in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge that is Wilkomir) district, the Kaunas government also: Lokiany Upper and Lower in the Pagirys area = Pogiry or Pogieloze in  the Siesikai parish - 14 km W - N - W of Vilkmerge; the noble Brzezinski family of Trumpet arms in Lithuania as early as at the beginning of the 17th  cent. and derived from Jan Brzezinski and his son Franciszek and grandson Ignacy Brzezinski - verification in Kovno 1850. Jan Brzezinski / Bžezinskis was possessor of Zodziowo near by Ludsen (i.e. Ludza in Livonia) and Pudermoyze (i.e. Puderi or Pudereva according to Latvian atlas of 1931 ed. in Riga; 19 km E - N - E of Vilani and 12,5 km north - west  of  Rositten i.e. Rezekne, Latvia now), and he owned also Dyrwaniszki in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge) district. Part of the Brzezinski family emigrated from Livonia to the Austria - Hungarys Galicia after 1863  

3. Nacza Biedrzyca - Swaraszczyzna farm in the Lepel districtt, government of Vicebsk  

4. Kastyr estate i.e. Kastire, in the Dunaburg district, the Vicebsk government; it is located on the Jasa river, a tributary of the Dubna about 12,5 km  south - east of Preili and 42,5 km NE of Daugavpils (Dunaburg, Dyneburg); 750 ha,  the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef Brzezinski lived here and next  Zaba family; Jozef Brzezinski owned also Pazemys estate (Pozejmie, Poshejmy) in the Dusetos parish, area of Antaliepte, district of Novoaleksandrovsk  (Zarasai  = Jeziorosy) - Poshejmy is located 15,5 km SW of Zarasai; the noble Brzezinski family possessed also a big Wenusow (Venusovo) estate in the  Novoaleksandrovsk district, the Kovno (Kaunas) government; Poshejmy and Venusovo are situated 39 and 38 km south - west of Daugavpils in present  Lithuania; Brzezinski family of the Swan coat of arms with Dunin nickname derived from Hieronim Brzezinski and stayed in Livonia since 1680 

5. Ssenkovo i.e. Sienkowo, Senkowo farm in the Mogilew district, 315 ha since 1882, it is located on the Lachwa river about 13 km W - N - W of  Mahileu (Mogilew) 

6. Zapole farm and Maniakowo in the Vilejka district, government of Vilna, about 11 km of Krajsk 

7. Podlasie territory before 1648 and the Nur area before 1704, they verified themselves in Hrodna 1852 - 1863 (the Lubicz coat of arms). 

Juszkiewicz (or Jushkievich) 

and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or Pilipaitis with Pobog and Prawdzic coats of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and Joachim; the family  related to Kisiel or Kiselius of the Kisiel coat of arms i.e. "the Camp Tent" in the Wilno / Vilna province and to Chodasiewicz family in the Dzisna district); family of my grandfather had next of kin  Georgians. 

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Those near and dear in the Berazino parish in the middle of the 19th cent.:

Piotrovicz from Luboszany, Karp, Zywica (Shywica), Korbut from Hrynica (Grenica), Tatur (near of kin Zbieranovski), Dzierzynski i.e. Dzerzhinskii (Dzerzhinskii - according to  "Imperial and Soviet Russia (...)", Melbourne 1986 by David Christian; named Dziershynski in the Ihumen district  related to Tumilovich = Tumilowicz family; the Dzierzynski or Derzinskis house of Sulima arms was verified in  Minsk 1819; a poorer members were administrators in the Wankowicz house; others were related to Bulhak family  and held Pietrylowicze farm in the Asmjany district in 1838, also Podgaj farm in Barysau district at the end of the  19th cent.; Edmund Dzierzynski = Dzerzhinskii of Sulima arms who was father of Feliks, verified hereditary  nobleness in Vilna on 14 June 1862), Nieciejevski (their coat of arms verified in the Minsk goverment in 1836), Milkiewicz (alone  acquaintances and that's only accidental similarity with surname of Malkiewicz), Stankiewicz (or Stankivich, among other things Antoni,  Walerian and Jan - the sons of Stepan).  

The counties Czapski family from Stankov and Przyluki leased Miezonka (only nearby villages Cereszyn i.e. Tereschin  and    Jagaszkin = Jagodka were at the map of 1859)  from 

Stefania Radziwill - Wittgenstein  (b. 1809 - died 1832) 

in the first half of the 19th century to c. 1840 - information of 1995 from Mr Piotr Zbieranowski.

the picture from  

http://www.berezino.com/index.html

author Siergiej Byczkovski; see also: 

http://polonia.pap.net.pl/2005/10/20051007135902.html

Curiosity: Izrael Gelfond or Aleksander Izrael Lazariewicz Helphand, Alexander Israel Helphant i.e. Alexander Parvus was born in Berezino, the Minsk government in 1867, he was revolutionary, friend of Lejb Bronstein (i.e. Lew Trocki) and acted together in Sankt Peterburg = Petersburg A.D. 1905; Parvus served for the intelligence service of imperial German Army as some write and "produced" money to Lenin.  

A photo of Miezonka at present.

We were also in the ethnic Lithuania 

we possessed in part a landed property Pileszyszki 

in the Kaunas district / the Kovno region in the 18th cent. (1766  bequeathed by lady Junowicz), here lived Maciej  Konstantynowicz; the same Maciej had brothers: Pavel / Pawel,  Samuel,  Bazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin  Konstantynowicz. The brothers inherited from their parents (father Jan Konstantynowicz was born at the  beginning  of the 18th cent.) the Babianowszczyzna = Buchta estate in the Minsk province (government then) A.D. 1798;  that family verified the nobleness in Vilna A.D. 1842  

we lived in a district of RASEINIAI 

Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territory: the Poszeszow estate in the middle of the  16th century. Also  in the parish of Sartyniki (or Sartininkai) in the place Komcie where stayed Jan and his son  Waclaw Konstantynowicz with Bowel (or Bowels) coat of arms, called Svarplovich i.e. nickname Szwarplowicz c.   1650 and others A.D. 1799.  In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized the arms of them. To this lineage  were  related the  Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766)  district; they  derived from famous Michno Konstantynowicz. Only one of the Kaunas branch was verified in  Vilna  A.D. 1910  and information about four lines of this branch were lacking   

Marijampole 

i.e. Mariampole in the Augustov government in the forties of the 19th century; two of them were the members of the Democratic Polish Society 

in Kaunas

Piotr Konstantynowicz 

also in the Trakai area 

a certain Konstantynowicz signed a manifesto of the Polish nobility on 26 July 1812 -  according to Czeslaw Malewski - because of Napoleon conquered Kaunas on 24/25 June and  Vilna on 28 June 

the locality Chwiedziejowszczyzna 

or Chwedziejowszczyzna in the Trakai district, the ex-parish Vysoki Dvor i.e. Aukstadvaris and at a later date other parish (Uzuguostis probably) in the 19th cent.; near to Vladipolis, Alesiskes, Beizionys, Mergiskes and Mackantiskes - 7 km east of Aukstadvaris; neighbouring families: Mackiewicz (they owned - in the Kaunas district or more truly in the Trakai district - a Klidzie farm by 1817 - from Tolloczko noble family and also from Jan Szteyn who came from the Butrimonys parish, and Mackiewicz family possessed also Zailgi i.e. Stecki in the Trakai district c. 1690 and here families at a later date: Krzywicki, Romansewicz, Poplawski A.D. 1757), Klidzianka and Jeleniewski

in Butrimonys 

a certain Lucius Konstantynowicz was a teacher at high school in  Butrimonys (more probable that is Butrimonys 18 km SW of Aukstadvaris in the independent Lithuania  since 1918 and unlikely Butrymance i.e. Butrimonys 14 km NE of Eisiskes in the Butrimonys parish near by  Jargance, Jundeiliszki, Kuze, Strzelce) in the thirties and forties of the 20th cent. 

we possessed the Ustron estate

in the Kaunas district (= region of Kovno) in the 19th cent. and at the  beginning of the 20th century.

The Konstantynowicz  family moved house also in the 19th century period 

Balachowicz, Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch in Russia. Tallinn, Pskov, Toropiec 1917 - 1920.

- to St Petersburg / Sankt  Peterburg in the middle of the 19th century (Michal or Michail son of Fiodor 2nd  Konstantynowicz); a good many the Konstantynowiczs acted and lived in St Petersburg in past days, among other things state activists and also a senior  military commandant   - to Minsk in the eighties of the 19th century (old Bonifacy 2nd  Konstantynowicz with his sons:  Semen,  Jakov and Vincenty)

- a documentation of the noble  Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown  in Minsk on  15  December  1802  and  A.D. 1853  in the Minsk  government 

- the Konstantynowicz family with  the Fox coat of arms in the noble  locality Nosewicze or Nosowicze  near to LIDA in the 19th century; the  village Nosewicze is situated 6 kilometres S-E-S  from Radun or Radunsk, in the parish of Radun, the  Vilna government, former district of LIDA;  
near to  villages Kieniensze, Rackuny, Mozajki,  Paszkowicze and Koszary;  
those neighbours: families  Hryhorowicz or  Hrehorowicz,  Laskowski, Laskowicz or Leskowicz, Nossewicz or  Nosewicz, Rouba, Stecewicz, Stecki, Wincza,  Zapasnik and Zemojtel or Zomojtel 
- we were near to HRODNA in the  thirties of the 19th century (area of  Skidal / Skidel, the places Jurevicze (the  Konstantynowicz  noble family lived here till 1952, the village Jurewicze  = Jurevitshi is situated 1,2 km NW of Zuki = Shuki and 6 km E of  Obuchowicze), Zytomlja = Jitomlia at the map of 1834 and Zydomlija now, Tolloczki / Toloczki: Jozef Konstantynowicz born c. 1842 and Adam born c. 1840/45;  Ejsmonty: (i.e. Ejsymonty 4 km SW of Orechwicze =   Orechowicze and 3 km NW of Toloczki; neighbourhood:  families  Lobaczewski,  Lukaszewic of Fox arms,  Obuchowicz and Eysymont i.e. the family  Ejsmont, Eysmont, Ejsmunt, Eisimuntas, Eisimontas, Eysmat or  Eysimont - for the first time  information in 1539 and 1585 - area of  Skidel, and in the Hrodna area 1632: a Ejsymonty  Paszewicze farm; they were persecuted here in 1863;  related to Czaykowski  (Dorota nee   Eysmont) house from  the  Trakai district in 1700, and also to Czarnecki family  (Katarzyna nee Eysmont) from the Lida district in 1728 and to  the  Lobaczewski family in  places Great Eysmonty and  Siemionowka, to  families  Hlebowicz, Poljanowski,  Konstantynowicz and Balewski from  Bulewszczyzna; a  certain Eysmont or Eysimont was related to Antoni  Jelski son of Bazyli J. Jelski from Little  Eysmonty Paszewicze in 1720;  the noble Eysmont family  lived in the Kovno district - village Mimale  Panienie)  here lived Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1850  near to Toloczki;  Orechowicze: Walenty  Konstantynowicz  was born here A.D.  1870 and his brother  Stefan)  - to Hrodna in the  early  eighties of the 19th  century (Adam 2nd  Konstantynowicz); and  e.g. here  in 1912  according  to "Voters List Grodno Gubernia 1912"  Konstantynowicz  Wladyslaw  son of Osip  - near to  Kazlouscyna  (the  village  Butlerowszczyzna /  Butlerovshchisna; Napoleon  Konstantynowicz lived here,  born c. 1825, colonel of the January Insurrection 1863) after the November  Insurrection, then in the thirties of the 19th century 
- also near to Svencionys / Svencionus: the places Paragiszki / Paringis, Podciejkinie, Saule / Savuliai in the Zablociszki region = "volost", that is the Zacisze estate (by the small Ejsiata river near to Ceikiniai in the Daugeliskis parish; neighbours - Seyfert family of Hebryda arms in villages Zablociszki and Anastazow) by circa 1865 and at a later date property of  Swiatecki family - information of 1886  - and to the Dryssa ujezd (i.e. in the district of  Verchnjadzvinsk or   Werchnedwinsk): villages Old  Svolna and Svolna /  Swolna (about here  count  Jozef  Zarako Zarakowski) in the  Vicebsk government

- the Konstantynowicz family also  moved out to the "Polish Livland"  (LATVIA today) in the parish of Malnov  (the place Malnovskoi or Malnava in the district of Ludza = Ludsen and Kowalki farm or Kowali, about half square mile; 39,5 km north - east of Vilani and 35 km NW of Karsau i.e. Karsava) in the government of Vicebsk; many Roman Catholics persons laid off from bureaus in the Vicebsk government  after 1863: 

Jan Konstantynowicz held a post of accountant, 

Kosma Konstantynowicz a hospital  clerk, 

Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 1st  writer 

- following Konstantynowicz  Konstantin, son of Alexandr /  Aleksander  Konstantynowicz, b. in  Riga A.D. 1869 and died in  Uzkoje estate   ("Narrowly") near by  Moscow = Moskva in 1924, he was  member of the Ufa government  office 1904 - 1917 in Baschkirische /  Bashkortostan region,  married  Wiera  Puszkin in  1894 - she was born  1871, daughter of  Anatol Puszkin  (1846 -  1905)  and grandchild of  Elzbieta  Zagrazski  (Russian noble house of  Zagrashskije, for  the first time  information in 1493 - 1503) and  Lev  Puszkin (b. 1805  - died in Odessa 1852,  who  was brother of famous  writer); the Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje  village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. More acc. to: Stefan T. Possony: Lenin. The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. by HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964.

- in the Estonia  province  (Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd was born 1874 in Kazan (not Riga) and died 1945 in Tallinn, the  cemetery of  Hiiu-Rahu Str. at Nomme area; was  connected with Finnland / Finlandia / Finland).

- Michail  Konstantynowicz   graduated from the  Polack  Orthodox  Seminary in 1832  

- the Zapole farm (in the POLACK /  Polatsk ujezd, either the Polotsk or Polozk district, about 31 km N-W-N of Polatsk =  Polack, near to  villages Hyrlino and  Ramosze at the map of  1859) in the  government of Vicebsk; their  neighbours: 

Kuzarewski, 

Newelski, 

Reutt (or Reut, Reutas of Gozdawa arms, known in 1655; in the Vicebsk province 1764, they were  verified here in  1857; next of kin Rusiecki family in the Dzisna area; related to Kossakowski of Slepowron coat of arms and to Kukiel  family of Leliwa arms from Horodcewicze and Horki in the Polack = Polatsk territory c. 1737; among other things  Joanna Reut married to Michal Gano with by-name Lipski c. 1715 in the Vicebsk province - e.g. one of the Gano  family, general Stanislaw Gano acted as a chief of the  intelligence service of Polish Army 1943 - 1945; Romuald Reut - administrator of Chalopenicy estate in the Barysau district in 1812; Anna Reut (= Reutt) was related to  Bortkiewicz family with Lubicz coat of arms, c. 1865) 

and Weryho either dukes Veryha, Veryha Darowski according to Kojalowicz, or Veriho - Darevski /  Dareuski i.e. Verigas of Sreniawa / Szrzeniawa coat of  arms in the Vicebsk A.D. 1420 and Polack provinces,  also in Tver government in Russia; e.g. Franciszek  Veriho - Darevski (i.e. Darewski Veryha who was an officer in  Polack A.D. 1754) married Rozalia Koszyc, and next his  daughter married Tadeusz  Koziell Poklewski son of  Michal Koziell Poklewski from  Holowczyn i.e.  Haloucyn = Holovsin 17 km NE of  Bjalynicy, here  the battle had taken place between  Russians and  Swedes  in July 04th, 1708; and Benedykt  Veryha in the  Polack  province A.D. 1764; persecuted in  the Polack  and  Vicebsk districts after 1863; one of them,  Ignacy  duke Veryho /  Weryho - who was born in   Jekaterynburg A.D.  1876, in exile of his parents:  Walerjan and Malwina  Veryha / Weryho, insurgents  of 1863 - was persecuted  in U.S.S.R. and died at  Solowezki Islands  in 1930;  the noble family  related  to Dauksza and  Darowski 

- they lived in BUDSLAU in the sixties of the 19th  century (Jakov  born c. 1810/1820  and his children Semen, Vikentij / Wincenty Konstantynowicz and  Malwina Mancewicz), the district of Vilejka, too; the  Mancewicz family  came among other things  from: Kiociszki,  area of  Eisiskes, the Lida  district and  Vilnius  1847/1858   - we were in the  Smolensk government as early as the beginning of  the 19th cent., thus Jewfimij Konstantynowicz  finished the Smolensk Orthodox Clerical Seminary in 1825 (together with  Czebotariev, Jeleniev, Cvietkov,  Spiridonov).  
   Also  Konstantynowicz Elena daughter of  Wasilij from the Smolensk region probably  18th cent., acc. to Shpilenko D. P. of 2006  

- Chernigov: Sophia (Zofia)  Konstantynowicz  daughter  of  Alexander  Konstantynowicz, married  to Maksimowski; Sophia was born in 1852 and died in Cernihiv = Chernigov, south of Homel in 1878; was buried near by the Cernihiv orthodox church. 

 - Vilna remained the third capital of Polish culture for all 19th century long, thus here learnt also the  Konstantynowiczs: 1. Iosafat  Konstantynowicz finished the  Lithuanian Orthodox Seminary in 1830 (complete with Govorski, Novicki, Ksavery Zdanovicz), 2. Josif Konstantynowicz here also in 1859 (together with Grinievicz, Kaliskij, Druzilowski, Dedevicz, Noskovicz, Stupnicki, Paszkievicz, Pavlovicz, Bursa, Jakutovicz and others), 3. Ignatij Konstantynowicz completed study here in 1863 (others: Bursa, Ivacevicz, Doroszevski, Timinski, Devaltovski, Szirinski), 4. Konstantin (3rd) Konstantynowicz here in 1890 (+ Malygin, Szirinski, Prigodinski, Mironovicz, Savicz,  Sosnovski, Rozanovicz), 5. Vladymir  Konstantynowicz educated himself in the  Vilna Clerical Secondary School in  1913  (together with: Aristarch, Malevicz, Aleksandr Muczinski,   Toszczakov, Michail Sollohub). I have derived the data on Orthodox schools from: http://www.petergen.com/spiskie.htm

- we were in Volhynia, the Russian Empire in the 19th century. I take note of them in a certain village near to Wlodzimierz Wolynski = Vladimir in the middle of the 19th cent. (Volodymyr Volyns'ky, Ukraine now), Horodlo next to above Vladimir after c. 1863 according to my correspondent of 2004, SOKAL (Austrian Empire formerly) and near to Wisniowiec in Volhynia (Russia in 1876 and what coat of arms ?) before the first World War. Adam Konstantynowicz was born in Vladimir c. 1800/1805, officer of the November Insurrection 1831 - that's a Volhynia Branch. The Ornatowski Volhynia armorial note: "(...) Konopnicki 1839-1873, Konsowicej 1862-67, Konstantinowicz 1838 - 55 (...)", see: 

http://www.ornatowski.com/index/herbarzwolynski.htm

The Konstantynowicz  family verified noble descent in the nineteenth century 

- a documentation of the noble Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown in Minsk on 15  December 1802 (Stanislaw Wankowicz was the government marshal in 1802); they derived from Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz of  the Minsk province; he had 3 sons: Stefan, Hrehory Dmitr and Jozef; they owned some farmlands in the province of  Minsk and carried out positions in the first half of the seventeenth century; above Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz  received a privilege on 07 March 1643 handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa; Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz  (who lived in the Minsk government in 1802, according to the Minsk State Archives) derived from a.m. Mikolay. 

The Fox crest mean strategy, guile, stratagem defensive and intelligence - argued in 1997 Mr. Pavel Dudzinski in "Heraldic Alphabet" (p. 118 and plate 314).

The Fox crest is in eleven varieties according to Juliusz count Ostrovski in "Armorial Book of Polish ancestries" of 1897 ed. in Warsaw: 1st - shield and above fox, in shield: arrow upwards with two beams; 2nd - shield and above fox, in shield: golden arrow with two beams; 3rd - shield and above fox, arrow with two and half beams; 4th - three feathers instead of fox above of shield, with arrow and one beam in shield; 5th - arrow with three transversal beams upon the shield, and also three feathers above the shield; 6th - arrow with two beams on the shield, and also a duke cap with cross at the top; 7th - on the shield: horseshoe and above arrow with two beams, above of shield: crown with swan at the top; 8th - only in Poland in the thirteenth century: arrow with one beam on the shield without objects above of arms, and the arrow upwards; 9th - only shield, arrow downwards with one beam; 10th variety - of the 15th cent., shield with above helmet, and arrow diagonally downwards with two beams; 11th - variety of the 15th cent.: only shield with arrow upwards, and also two beams.
According to Tadeusz Gajl, "Noble crests of the Both Nations Republic", p. 127 and 128: seven kinds of the Fox coat of arms here and the Fox diverse arms of Liskowski family; 1. Fox (Mzura) - one arrow with two transversal rafters; 2. one golden arrow with two beams; 3. lack of image; 4. arrow with one transversal rafter and above three feathers; 5. three rafters on the arrow and three feathers; 6. a cap with cross above of shield, arrow with two beams; 7. shield and above crown with swan, in the shield: arrow with two beams and horseshoe below the arrow. The author write about the   Konstantynowicz family of Intestines, Radwan and Fox arms only. 

According to Alfred Znamierowski, "Polish regalia, symbols and arms", ed. in Warsaw 2003: discussion on a sword - p. 9; about Fox crest - p. 26 and 39: mainly double crossed "rogacina" i.e. arrows; 

- we presented to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 an original of privilege edited by the king Sigismund  Augustus to Michno Konstantynowicz on 04 January 1554 who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area and set out  many of documents of the 18th cent.; persons derived from the Minsk government i.e. from Babianowszczyzna = Buchta  holding verified themselves (i.e. Baguta 15 km west of Smaljavicy, at the border of former Barysau distrtict on the Minsk district in the  19th cent.) at that time; they were in Pileszyszki in the Kovno region after 1766, too:  map of NE Poland

Jan Konstantynowicz and his  sons  Maciej, Pawel, Samuel,  Bazyli, Antoni,  Franciszek,  Marcin and  grandsons of  the  above Jan (i.e. two sons of Maciej):  Jan  II and Michal (childless);  sons from Jan  II: Adam  (childless) and Michal  (his  sons:  Walenty  Stanislaw, Konstanty,  Jan   Stanislaw, Jozef Andrzej and  Alfons  Onufry - they were born  by 1840)

- A.D. 1853 and 1915 when name Konstantynowicz with the initials S. B. was mentioned in the memorial book of the Minsk province - both inf. in the Minsk government (the Fox coat of arms)

- 1859 in the Vicebsk  government (the  Fox coat of arms)

- Antoni in Hrodna A.D. 1861 (Antoni son  of Dominik derived from area of Krycau, with the Fox  coat of arms)   

     The above map of 1740 from   www.clas.ufl.edu/.../history_shepherd_1911.html  i.e.  
"Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd" (shepherd-c-130-131.jpg)  
and it show to us where the Mscislau branch and relatives lived c. 1600 - 1917 in the Both Nations Republic -  formerly the Grand duchy of  Lithuania / Grand  Principality  of  Lithuania,  1795 dissolution of  the state but all the direct  descendants are from there: Belarus /Belorussia /White Russia /  Byelorussia  thereafter  -    and in Russia.   

- Aleksander Konstantynowicz who came from an Ukrainian military and landowning family, he lived in the government of  Poltava (now in Ukraine), also in Kiev (Olga I. Konstantynowicz who was born 1860 in Kiev - since 1880 in Paris and USA at the beginning of the 20th cent. - his  daughter) and verified the noble descent in Kishinev in 1893. He was general - lieutenant and war governor of the Turgai (Orenburg capital  then and Arkalyk now) region in the 19th century. Next the Bessarabia governor.

His father Piotr Konstantynowicz (relation of Wlodzimierz Wernadskij) was Brigadier-General, too - Piotr was son of H. (G. ?) Konstantynowicz.

His sister Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz was the second wife (1862) of Jan Wernadskij (that is Ivan Vernadski = Ivan Vasil'evich Vernadsky who was born in  Kiev  1821, son of Vasilii; Ivan worked in Home Office 1856 - 1867, died 1884 in Sankt Peterburg = St Petersburg; her son Vladymir was born in St. Petersburg on February 28 / March 12, 1863, lived in Kharkov, where  the   family had moved when he was five and acted as a Soviet specialist in mineralogy - taught himself Ukrainian and Polish; her granddaughter married Fokin) and she worked as a music teacher in  Petersburg just before 1862. 

Michal or Michail - son of Fiodor 2nd Konstantynowicz - was his next of kin; Michal was born in 1812, died 1867; doctor after completion  of the Kharkov University; served in the Russian army and at a later date assistant director of the medical - military department in 1862 in  Petersburg; he wrote a lot of researches and theses - with F. Augustynowicz, Trappe, Lebiediew, too 
At margin (more http://baza.vgdru.com/):

1. Ivan Vernadsky born 24 or 26 May / 5 or June 7, New Style, 1821 in Kiev - died 26 or 27 March / 7 or 8 April on the Gregorian calendar, 1884 in St. Petersburg, father of Vladimir Vernadsky, grandfather of George Vernadsky. The first wife died in ten years after the marriage, leaving him a son, Nicholas. The second time, Ivan marries her cousin - the daughter of Ukrainian landowner Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz, teacher of music and singing.

The genealogy of above named Anna Petrowna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Анна Петровна Константинович married Vernadsky / Vernadskij / Вернадская (Anna became the wife of Professor Ivan Vernadsky): b. November 11, 1837 in Kiev / Kyiv in Ukraine and died on November 7, 1898; her mother Victoria nee Martynov / Wiktoria / Виктория Мартыновна Константинович second voto Красницкая was born ca 1796 and died on December 6, 1862 in Kiev, she was daughter of Major Russian army Martynow, her second husband - Krasnicki. Anna's father: Петр Христофорович Константинович / Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Krzysztof Konstantynowicz, b. 1785 (date 1795 was error) and died on October 9, 1850 in Kiev, Baykove cemetery; Anna's brothers and sisters from Victoria nee Martynow:
Pawel,
Lew,
Elena,
Iwan - Jan Konstantynowicz,
Zofia - Sofija,
Wladymir,
Aleksandr,
Aleksandr second,
Elizawieta,
Piotr older,
Piotr younger.

Above Krzysztof Konstantynowicz / Christofor Konstantinovich / Hristophor Constantinovich was born 1741, with the Fox coat of arms, probably came from the Mscislau / Mscislaw territory / ex-Mscislav province. Христофор Анастасійович Костянтинович died 1786.
His father Anastazy Konstantynowicz / Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович, son of Kostia Konstantynowicz that is Konstantyn Konstantynowicz. Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович born ca 1710 / 1720 and died before 1784.
Konstantyn Konstantynowicz (Kostia) born ca 1690.
The Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox coat of arms (1534) come from Michno Konstantynowicz of the Lida and the Mereczanka river (1552 and 1554) area on the border of Lithuania and Belarus. Konstantinovich hasn't the Cossack or the Greek origin. It was a legend only about Greek Konstantinovich Anastasius of 1784 who moved from Rumelia - Macedonia today, first to Nizhyn, and then to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky; served to the Pereyaslav regiment in 1756. A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501) about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)". A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too. The Konstantynowicz family near by Perejaslav has got the Fox coat of arms. Somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 in Pereyaslav. Anastazy Konstantynowicz (born ca 1710 / 1720 - d. before 1784) probably escaped from Poland to Russia before 1756 (ca 1740) and after he was a Commissioner Regiment (1759-60) among Cossacks. His son Christopher Anastasiyovych Konstantynowicz (1741-86) served to the first regiment of Pereyaslav and was centurion (1770-81), grandson Peter Hristoforovich (1785-1850) was Major General (1848), commander of Kyiv. artyler. Garrison (1836-48) and greatgrandson Alexander P. Jr. (1832-1903) was Lieutenant General (1889) and the Governor of the Turgay region (1878-83), Bessarabian governor (1883-99). This ancestry submitted to the 2nd and 3rd parts of the nobility book of Kiev province in Russia.
Source: 'The Armorial of Little Russia. ... Chernigov Governorate' ('Малоросійський гербовник. Чернігівський орел'), В. К. Лукомскїй, В. Л. Модзалевскїй (and Heorhiy Narbut), Санкт-Петербургъ: изданїε Черниговскаго дворѧнства, 1914. В. К. Лукомский, В. Л. Модзалевский, худ. Г. И. Нарбут, Малороссийский гербовник. Предисловие А. К. Рачинского.

Петр Христофорович Константинович / Peter Hristoforovich Konstantinovich b. 1785, was Major General of the Russian army 1848. Grandfather of historian George Vernadsky. Peter Hristoforovich was a soldier to 1849. General Konstantinovich had 13 children, five of them died infants. Some of the children were also military. The greatest success in this field has achieved son Alexander Konstantynowicz. Peter / Piotr Konstantynowicz participated in many military campaigns of the Russian army: in 1812 near Smolensk and the Battle of Borodino. From 1836 he was commander of the Kiev garrison artillery. 1838 taken a possession in the Pereyaslavl county of the Kiev province.

Vernadsky Ivan was a teacher of Russian literature in high school; in 1847, in St. Petersburg, Ivan V. defended a master's degree thesis; after at the University of St. Vladimir; in 1850 he was transferred to the same department in Moscow University and was here from 1851 until 1856 as full professor; in the village Giant Shishaki in Poltava government Vernadsky had got a mansion, where all the family was living in summer. 

2. Константинович / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinowicz / Konstantinovich Anna Petrovna was a daughter of Brigadier-General Piotr H. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович (b. ca 1785) and was the second wife of Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky. Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович born 1837 - died 1898.  H. Konstantinovich that is Христофорович, son of Christofor / Hristofor Konstantinovich that is Krzysztof Konstantynowicz (here was error: Henryk, Gawrila, Havrila) born 1741.

3. Her brother, Ivan Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Jan son of Piotr Konstantynowicz b. 1818 died 1877, a professional Navy officer, after a cadet school - 1834 he achieved Captain 1st Rank in 1868, in 1875 he served in the Caucasian Army, died in Tiflis. Owned estates in the province of Poltava, the Pereyaslavl County, Voitovtsy village.
4. His daughter, Alexandra Ivanovna Konstantynowicz born 1848 and died after 1912, was wife of L. N. Modzalevsky.
5. Another daughter Victoria Ivanovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович 1846 died 1899 or 1900; in 1867, she married M. P. Rehbinder, and after second husband O. E. Weimar. 

6. Sister of Ivan Petrovich, Elizabeth Konstantynowicz / Константинович married Mr Neyolov / Nieelov 1824 - 1889.
7. her daughter Lydia A. Neyolov, who died at a old age in Kiev during the German occupation in 1941 / 1942. 

8. Another sister Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович with her husband Kravchenko who was born 1831 and he was died no earlier than 1909, married to Kravchenko in 1859, lived in Piryatin. 

9. His brother Alexander Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Константинович Александр Петрович was General-lieutenant, General-Governor of Bessarabia in Kishiniev 30 July 1883 to 4 July 1899. The Rogge noble family was close friends with the family Konstantinovich and Ippolit Rogge / Hippolytus born March 2, 1853 in Kerch, colonel in 1909, was baptized March 7, 1853 in St. John Church of Kerch; godfather - Lieutenant Adjutant Ivan Konstantinovich / Jan Konstantynowicz son of Piotr Konstantynowicz from Kercz / Kerch. All - Orthodox. A General List of noble families of Bessarabia includes the name of the Konstantynowicz Alexander in 1893 from the Poltava province. 

10. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a grandson of Ivan Nikiforovich Vernadsky (b. ca 1770), which was recorded in the local book of the Chernigov governorship as a gentleman, graduated from the Kiev seminary, was a priest of the village Tserkovschina.
11. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a son of a doctor Vasil or Basil Ivanovich Vernadsky and his wife Ekaterina Yakovlevna; in 1856 - 1867 worked at the Ministry of Internal Affairs; professor of Main Pedagogical Institute 1857 - 1859, St. Petersburg Institute of Technology 1864 - 1868, professor of political economy at Kiev and Moscow universtities and moved to Kharkov, where he served as manager of the Kharkiv office of the State Bank until his resignation in 1876.
12. His first wife Maria Shigaevo 1831-1860.
13. His second wife, Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Константинович / Konstantynowicz 1837 - 1898.
14. Children: Nicholas 1851 (by first wife) - 1874; Olga - her grandson, Rynda Alekseev Dmitry Borisovich b. 1917 - 1941 ?, a student at the Leningrad Textile Institute, in July 1941, was missing; Catherine was married to Korolenko; Vladimir 1863 - 1945, his granddaughter was married to Fokin, Anatoly Mikhailovich 1892 - 1979. 

15. Modzalevsky Leo / Lev 1837 - 1896, the teacher, a graduate of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. He worked in the schools of St. Petersburg and Tiflis / Tbilisi, the author of many works on pedagogy. His wife Alexandra Ivanovna nee Konstantynowicz / Константинович was born 1848. 

16. Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. 

17. Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900. 

18. Kravchenko Ivan Ilyich 1829-1890, a assessor in 1867, lived and died in Piryatin in the Poltava area; his wife Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz, she was born 1831 and died no earlier than 1909; her son - probably not only one - Sergey. 

19. Alexander Konstantynowicz son of Piotr / Petr,  born 1832 died 1903, was a professional soldier, in service since 1846, an artilleryman; the Colonel in 1867, Major-General in 1877, Lieutenant-General in 1889; conquest of Khiva in 1873, in 1878 to 1883 he was the military governor of Orenburg, and Commander of Turgay region; since 1883 to 1899 - Governor of Bessarabia, since 1889 member of the Minister of the Interior; awards Anne 1st Class, Vladimir 2nd degree, the White Eagle; his wife since 1856 Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna 1840 d. 1896. 

20. some of his children: Olga b. 1858 or 1860 and died ?, daughter of Alexander P. Konstantynowicz, in 1878 she married Andrei Ivanovich Schmidt, who served in the Orenburg district court; she emigrated to Paris and USA. Michal Konstantynowicz / Michael b. 1860 and died in 1902, he was a district marshal of the nobility in Kovno Province in 1899, his children: 
Xenia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1889, Natalia nee Konstantynowicz born 1894, 

Catherine / Katarzyna daughter of Alexander b. 1863 died in 1942, in 1885 she married P. A. Galenkovski, and after her divorce in 1905 she married L. N. Chernoyarov; her daughter from her first marriage, Elizabeth married Suprunov; 

Sofia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1864 died 1942, in 1886 she married E. A. Mamchich, before the Revolution she was living in Chisinau - the Kremenchug area; 

Natalia nee Konstantynowicz 1867 d. 1938?, in 1889, she married Jerzy Bulacel / Gregory Pavlovich Bulatsel; 

Constantine / Konstantyn Konstantynowicz born 1869 and died no earlier than 1917, son of Aleksander P. Konstantynowicz, in the 90s of the 19th cent. he served in the office in the Bessarabian Province, the Akkerman district, in 1904 member of the Ufa provincial office on Peasant Affairs, he had property - land in the Sterlitamak county of the Ufa province (all inf. about Konstantyn Konstantynowicz need to be check). 

21. Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna b. 1840 d. 1896, was daughter of a captain; her husband since 1856 was Alexander P. Konstantynowicz 1832-1903. 

22. Mamchich Eugene A. / Eugeniusz Mamczicz 1849 died 1917?, state councilor in 1908, not later than 1905, was elected to a honorary magistrate in Kremenchug county in the Poltava province. 

23. Bulacel / Bulatsel Jerzy / Grigory P., died in 1908, in 1899 the Chairman of the Vilnius Regional Court; his wife Natalia Konstantynowicz 1867 - 1938?  

24. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky born February 28 / March 12, 1863 in St. Petersburg and died January 6, 1945 in Moscow, from the nobility, he was Russian scientist and encyclopedist, humanist, an expert in the field of Earth Sciences, philosopher and social activist, the member of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, first president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
Once in October 1905, the Board of the University of Moscow, headed by Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Vernadsky's mother was from the Konstantynowiczs of the Fox coat of arms) admitted women to listening of lectures, and Inessa Armand has made payment and went to law school. In June 1907, Comrade Inessa confirmed the intention to be student, but instead of studying at university she had to go for exile with Vladimir Armand - with help of Poles. In late October 1908 she managed to escape.
We back to Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky: his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz (1837 - 1898), father - Ivan Vernadsky (1821 - 1884), professor of political economy.
Letters by V. Vernadsky published in 2003 by Russian. In 1928 Vernadsky was at the University in Prague, 1928 on trip to Germany and Norway, research work in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia, 1933 / 1934 Vernadsky was on a business trip to France, England and Czechoslovakia.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky in 1886 married Natalya Staritskaya (1862 - 1943), with whom he lived for more than 56 years; had two children - son Jerzy / George V. Vernadsky (1887 - 1973), professor of Russian history (lived in Perm; after in exile in Czechoslovakia and USA, since 1927 prof. Yale Univ.), the daughter Nina Vernadskaya - Toll (1898 - 1985 or 1986), a psychiatrist, both died in exile in the United States.
Nina Vernadskaya Toll / Nina V. Toll-Vernadskaya was second wife of Toll Nikolai Petrovich / Nicholas P., an orientalist archaeologist and art historian. His first marriage to Olga Petrovna Toll nee Syromyatnikov, both Orthodox on 17 August 1917 in a garrison of Samarkand, and cancel on November 9, 1925. Toll Nikolai Petrovich (1894 - 1975), member of a volunteer army of the 1st Kuban Ice campaign, in the armed forces in the south of Russia before evacuation of the Crimea. In exile in Gallipoli, after in Czechoslovakia. On January 10, 1926 in Prague, married Nina Vladimirovna Vernadsky b. 1898, daughter of Professor V. I. Vernadsky. Since 1939 in the United States, occupied the chair of Iranian studies at Yale University.
Vernadskaya Toll Nina b. 1898, in 1922 - 1939 lived in Prague, and later the United States.
Toll Tatiana born 1929, granddaughter of Vernadsky.
Von Toll family, the noble family of Baltic Germans, had the title of baron, from Reval now Tallinn in the province of Estonia (Эстония), Russian Empire and Dorpat now Tartu.

25. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1884 / 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. 

The Sedoh / Siedoh / Sedykh / Седых / Siedych family in Estonia and in Tatarstan now.

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel Starych Siedych / Sedykh

(acc. to me he changed the surname because Viktor Konstantinovich has the documents named Constantine and scans of Estonian passports with the Starych Siedych surname),

was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840).

Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg,

her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh,

mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski.

On 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme Harku tn 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu (by the order of Nomme Small Town Council, Hiiu-Rahu Cemetery, which was established in 1919, is the smallest among the cemeteries in Tallinn) in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra - 09 December 1948 by Galina Tunkel.

There are 10 people in Estonia with the Trubetskoi / Trubetskoy (Трубецкой и Эстония) last name now, in Harjumaa. Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland; Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is included in the county.
See also: 'genealogy.euweb.cz' acc. to Josef Zvonecka and 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATrubetskoy_family' "...but then the page was attacked by Polish nationalists who turned it into a mess, starting a bunch of unnecessary stubs with Polish names. They also extensively used the Trubetskoy genealogy which I had compiled and posted at 'genealogy.euweb.cz'. I am sorting this category and some of it's members have really more connection with Russia then Poland..." (?!). "Someone give a bibliographic reference for this genealogy" at 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubetskoy_family'. My correspondent was writing to me in June 2012: "...The Library of Congress as well as some other world libraries own the official Troubetzkoy family genealogies. The most recent one was published in 1976 and has full information about Princess Maria and was written by a nephew. In addition, there are 3 books about the descendants of that particular branch of the family, with the latest book published in 2006".

An information from a database of the White movement:

Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty,
in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

- 04. 12. 1844 at Volhynia and verified the noble descent in Podolyia on 05. 12. 1841 

- 1913 in the district of Dorohobuz (verified the Fox coat of arms in Smolensk, and they stayed near to Dorogobush / Dorohobuz) 

- in Mahileu 

- 1799 in the Kaunas territory and Samaites in the Russian Empire (other coat of arms thereabouts). Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Bowel coat of arms had the Poszeszow estate in the Raseiniai ex-district (the Samaites territory in the independent Lietuva i.e. Litwa or Litauen, Lithuania) in the  middle of the 16th century. In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized again the arms of them, and also nine generations and 57 male persons:  Jan Konstantynowicz and his son Waclaw with the nickname Szwarplowicz c. 1650 and grandsons Jan and Michal - their sons: Krzysztof and  Stanislaw; Christopher (i.e. Krzysztof) had a sons: Andrzej, Jan and Jerzy; the above named Michal had a son Stanislaw and grandson Jerzy; lived 13 persons at the end of the 18th cent. and 25 persons c. 1830: Nikodem, Jakub, Wincenty, Michal, Kasper, Teodor, Ludwik, Antoni, Kajetan  and Teofil. 

 The Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766) district were related to this lineage; they derived  from famous Michno Konstantynowicz who received the big estate from the king Sigismund Augustus on 04 January 1554; the farmland was in  the Merkine = Merecz area, beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas) by the Merkys = Mereczanka river. Only one line of the Kaunas  branch  was verified in Vilna  A.D. 1910 and information about four lines of this branch were lacking 

- 1817 in the Hrodna district and at a later date they verified privilege of 1578 handed over by the king Stephen Bathory but with another armorial bearings i.e. "two swords (some documents from Sankt Petersburg Archive - disclosure to Pavel in the beginning of August 2004; "the two swords might represent the military service of two  brothers, and the star above might signify a successful military engagement", as somebody wrote in successive phase of public discussion about the noble Konstantynowicz family, that commenced on August 15th, 2004 in the  web net, but the discussion is led by strange persons from feefhs.org, not from our roots) which constitute a cross, and a star above them, and feathers of ostrich below (above, I   think) the helmet".  

I explain the problem to you (on September 10th, 2004). Two naked crossing swords without golden hilts, this is fundamental Pielesz arms:

A. priest Wojciech Wijuk Kojalowicz, "Armorial of the Grand duchy of Lithuania knights, so-called Compendium" had written on the Pielesz / Pielesh crest c. 1650,  ed.  in Cracow 1897: two swords at red field of shield and three feathers from ostrich above - plate, p. 212; it were four families with the Pielesz arms: Ielskj i.e. Jelskij - some  with cross among swords, inf. of 1620, 1632 in the Mscislau province and of 1648, Kwasnickj Golden i.e. Kvasnickij or Kwasnicki Golden ancestry derived from Moscow,  Pieleszyc house in the Vicebsk province, and also Wloszek family from Podlasie - inf. 1584; 

B. besides the Golocki family of the Golocki arms according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 4 ed. in Lipsk 1839, p. 174 - here effigy of the Golocki coat of arms, two swords on the shield, diagonally crossing with hilts upwards and a cap at the helmet - the shield is the same as  the Pielesz one; the family came from Chelmno area in Poland; estates: Goloty, Sarnov near by Grudziadz, Melno, inf. of 1651; 

C. moreover Golocki family also with the Pielesz diverse crest according to T. Gajl, p. 67: a cap and two feathers above crown, and beneath two swords with golden hilts  upwards in the shield; 

D. according to Seweryn Uruski, "Family. The Armorial of Polish nobility", vol. 13, 1916, p. 330: Pielesz family of the Pielesz arms in Lithuania, the district of Panevezys,  near by Upita in 1580, also as Pieleszyc; Pieleszyc family with the Pielesz diverse arms - sabres instead of swords in the shield; it say that is the same family what Pielesz; 

E. according to J. Ostrowski, p. 437 - here a plate of the Pielesz arms: two swords with hilts downwards in the shield and three feathers above crown. 

The Wloszek arms: 

A. Vloshek  / Wloszek  family according to Gajl, p. 246 - with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms, by turns from top to toe: bird above two hunting hornes, crown, shield - two  swords with golden hilts and four roses between blades; Wloszek family with own Wloszek arms: coat of arms without helmet, and in the shield two crossing swords with  golden hilts in palms and three roses between blades; the Wloszek arms come from the Pielesz crest; 

B. Niesiecki, vol. 9, 1842, had written about Wloszek family of the Pielesz diverse arms - they added four white roses in red field; Bielski, Paprocki and Okolovich  wrote, too.

The Wloszek arms resulted from link between the Pielesz arms and the Roses coat of arms (i.e. Poraj); the Pielesz coat of arms  belong to a sword group (the Kownia arms, Herburt crest, three swords and Pielesz come from the sword group); the Swords are in 19 arms and   variants joined with another objects.  

Adding of one star extra to the Pielesz armorial bearings resulted in unknown arms for Mieroszowski (plate 10, pieces 1 - 15, ed. of 1887). It's a Pielesz diverse coat of arms according to me ! 

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There was a certain Konstantynowicz branch from Russia in the Congress Poland after exile to Siberia (the exile to Irkutsk in  1864). They lived at a later date near by Makov and thereafter Ciechanov at the end of the 19th cent. and derived from  Patrycjusz Konstantynowicz + Anastazja nee Mierzejewski. Anastazja Konstantynowicz, born 1840, exiled 1867 from the Minsk government, in Tarie (Tara?), had 4 children and husband. Gavryla Konstantynowicz born c. 1810 was father of  Patrycjusz and Zenon, I think. The document relating to the grant of a certain estate upon this Konstantynowicz branch  (territory of them was situated at the border on Russia, at Volhynia) was in Mikashovka vicarage till 1945. Patrycjusz i.e. Patrycy  Konstantynowicz was born in 1831, the Roman Catholic, d. November 01st, 1908.  A part  of this branch is living in USA now. At  present, on September the 15th, in yr.  2008 Michal has written off to me that Patrycjusz had got to arrive to the Congress Poland from Berezyna (from the parish of  Berazino;  at  least  the  message needs to be  precisely researched !)  and  what is  more alongside (?)  younger brother Zenon Konstantynowicz.

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The following names of lines are according to my research work: 

THE BUDSLAU BRANCH

FROM MALVINA AND WIKENTIJ

THE HRODNA BRANCHES

from KAZIMIERZ born c. 1850/52, JOZEF born c. 1842, ADAM born c. 1840/45, and also WALENTY from ORECHOVICZE or ORECHVICZE

THE BRANCH FROM IRKUTSK

FROM PATRYCJUSZ
A BRANCHES FROM THE MINSK GOVERNMENT

earliest branch from Jan Konstantynowicz 1698; earlier branches from Bonifacy I, Gawryla, Jakow,

Daniil (Daniel.

Family Bułhak, Dzerzhinsky, Konstantynowicz, Szostak were neighbors on the ground of Bobruisk, Osipovichi, Marijna Gorka / Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka, Svislach / Swislocz in the nineteenth century:
1. Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913) close to Marina Gorka. We know that BULHAK, J., was in Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk.
2. Кухтичи close to Uzda - west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Inf. of the village said that Bulhak won it by cards, although rely on a information can not be. According to villagers, they remember it about Bulhak.
3. Bulhak in Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.
4. Блужа-Городно / Блужа in the Пуховичи region, north-west of Talka, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи, the Puchovichi region / Пуховичского р-на, prisoner 1930.
5. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south-east of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933.
6. Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937.
7. Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka: Anton / Antoni Konstantynowicz son of Ivan / Jan; he was the first rector of a school in the little city (the Piareshyr street) in 1866.
8. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898 (or he was baptized in Zawoloczyce - Bulhak estate was near by this chapel in the Marina Gorka region); married Wanda nee Juchniewicz.
9. The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинович Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county. Gorochovka / Gorochovo, south-west of Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, ca 20 km, close to Fortuny: north-west of Gorochovka, and south of Glusha, close to Gorochovka, Rimovcy, Spornoje; east-south-east of Simonovichi (see: Bulhak family). Snustik / Снустик - east of Pukhavichy and Maryina Gorka, and west of Gradzyanka, and south-east of Turin / Turyn in the Igumen / Ihumen county / Игумен.
10. The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913); somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.
11. Kazimierz Daniilow Konstantynowicz / Danilovich Konstantynowicz Kazimir - Kazimierz son of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich (Константинович Казимир Данилович, catholic, a nobleman, was living in noble locality Podkosie ca 15 km east of PUKHOVICHY, and south-west of Berezyna; PUKHOVICHY district, Minsk region. The wife of Tamkovich Fyodor / Fiodor Tomkowicz was Marta Matveyevna Konstantynowicz. After 1880 they were living in Fortuny village, the Bobruisk County. Parents of above Martha Konstantinovich, nobles: Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) that is Matthew, and Urszula Irina daughter of Adrian / Hadrian, were living the first in Snustik / Снустик, the Igumen / Ihumen county, east of Pukhavichy 24 km and south-east of Cerven / Ihumen. Above Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) brothers: Jan Konstantynowicz / Ivan born in 1829, Joseph / Jozef Konstantynowicz born in 1834, and Piotr Konstantynowicz born about 1850. Fortuny, in the Bobruisk district, close to Dvorishce and Jasieny, ca 28 km south-west-west of Bobruisk).
12. Iwan Daniilow Konstantynowicz.
13. Benedykt Bulhak circa 1630 / 1650 - 1698, son of Konstanty Kazimierz Bulhak and Anna, husband of Eufemia, father of Mikolaj Bulhak; Jerzy Piotr Bulhak b. ca 1665 / 1675 and Szymon Bulhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrówka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodwórek, Osipowszczyzna [that is Asipaušcyna / Osipovshchina / Osipovschina; south-west of Stoulbcy; north of Nieswiez; Gorodieja / Haradzieja / Horodziej 7 km to south], Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze [close to Kleck - to Studzieniec 1 km, Orda 5 km, Osmolowo 6 km, Solowje 8 km, Lan 8 km, Kleck 8 km], Poloneczka by Dzwieja. Above Mikolaj Bulhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bulhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanislaw Bulhak ca 1695 - 1745?
(his sons: 1. Florian Bulhak circa 1730 / 1750? - 1806, his mother Krystyna, husband of Helena Bulhak, father of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bulhak
[ b. 1795 and d. in Woroncza, 1866, husband of Julia, father of Karolina Karpowicz; Antoni Bulhak; Walery Antoni Stanislaw Bulhak; NN Bulhak
(his wife Aldona nee Dzierzynska, by Urszula Ewa Skarzynska);
Barbara Bulhak and Helena Kiersnowska
(wife of Aleksander Kiersnowski, mother of Adam Kiersnowski and Karol Kiersnowski)
and one other]
and Maciej Bulhak; 2. Józef Bulhak 1723 - 1783; 3. Jan Bulhak 1719 - 1779; 4. Wincenty Bulhak 1720 - 1780? owner of Michalowo close to Stolowicze and Kroszyn in the Nowogrodek county, served for Maciej Radziwill from Poloneczka - his son Gabriel??; 5. Ignacy Józefat Bulhak; 6. Jerzy Onufry Bulhak and 7. Wladyslaw Bulhak).
14. Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living in the Bobruisk district, near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński estates [b. 1817], who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski [b. 1829]),

Fiodor, Martin (Marcin) and from Leon; later branches from Bonifacy II, Antoni, Wilhelm, Pavel and from Jerzy II

THE MSCISLAU BRANCH

(FROM DOMINIK and his brothers); my family from the Mscislau area derived from - according to the oral tale - a region by Mereczanka river (= Merkys river), thus from Michno Konstantynowicz with the Fox proper coat of arms, where the same possessed forest (1554) and the property of Zaleskowszczyzna (1552) but we weren't told that the Konstantynowicz family derived from Toloczki; the same Michno was put down in a judicial documents of the Troki district in 1552 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3). Searching for evidences last at present. All proofs show the Troki district by the Mereczanka river as the nest of our beginning and never point to the Hrodna district. All descendants with only the Fox proper coat of arms and with our Konstantynowicz surname come from the above Michno Konstantynowicz; see the Mscislau website:   

http://republika.pl/bkonstantynowicz

THE KAUNAS BRANCHES

PIOTR the 1st AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families

THE KAZLOUSCYNA BRANCH

FROM NAPOLEON KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

the VOLHYNIA BRANCH 

from Bazyli A.D. 1729 and what coat of arms? E.g. Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz in Hrubieszow, 1934.

and UNKNOWN OTHERS BRANCHES or lineages

the Konstantynowiczs sealed themselves six armorial bearings:

Fox proper, Bowel(s), Three Crosses, the Pielesz diverse, Radwan and Ours of the Konstantynowicz ancestry - Grekul


the picture of the Bjarezina river from beautiful book "Polska. Kresy wschodnie", Kluszczynski publishing house; author Roman Marcinek and photographer Sergiej W. Tarasow   

1863 

   The poor nobility in the 

East  Belarus  

in the first half of the 19th cent. lived in two  clumps, west and east group. The west one, by the  Druc' river (near by Sjanno, through Careja and Bobr, to  Talacyn and southwards Bjalynicy and next Druc village) and  the  east one by the Soz river (from Mscislau, through  Krycau and to Cacersk, here thickest). In the east group were  a big localities, 40 - 850 persons. A fortunes of Poles in  this furthest easterly territories of the former Both  Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since  the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century. We offer an  example of the Czaplic family: Adam Eufemiusz Czaplic from the Mahileu government, Polish nobleman, friend of prince Potiomkin and Russian  general fought against the Polish in 1792 and 1794, and also against Napoleon in 1812. 

   Nonetheless this country, the East Border, signaled to us attachment for Polish tradition during the January Insurrection in 1863,  according to Edward Maliszewski (Edvard Malishevski), ed. in Warsaw in 1920. So in the Mahileu government was plan of the uprising on  May 05th, 1863. There were 3.300 insurgents; in the district of Sjanno, at a farm of Slepce - here was a group of Tadeusz Chmurowicz (Tadeush  Chmurovich) and W. Szlagier (V. Shlagier), 100 strong. Horki town was conquest by night 05/06 May 1863 (19 km from the present border of Russia and 22 km from Kopceuka).  The Orsa group under command of Ignacy Budzilowicz (Budzilovich) fought on May 07th, 1863. In the Mahileu district commanded W. Korsak (or  Korsach) and Mancewicz brothers (Mancevich); they got defeated at once in Czarnorucz (Tsharnoruch). Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish  rebels took place by Leciachy near to Rahacou by Dnjapro on May 11th, 1863, but already on May 12th and 13th, 1863 all Mahileu  insurgents  surrendered to Russians near by Zurawicze (Shuravicy, 38 km NE of Rahacou on May, 12th) and in Propojsk (that is Slauhard by Soz = Sosh river  now, 75 km E - N - E of Rahacou in the Bychau district) on May 13th, 1863. Besides we know about a battle near by Szczawry (Scadry) close to the border  of the Minsk government on the Mahileu one. It was similarly in the Minsk government: as early as November 1862 a Convention of the  Nobility in Minsk made a statement - summons for uprising. For the first time a fighting was close by Piotrowszczyzna village (Piotrowinka, 18 km West of Cerven in the Ihumen district). The group of rebels retreated towards the Mahileu government, through Kolbcza (i.e. Koubca 19 km SW of Miezonka). At the same time, on May 07th, 1863, a group 400 strong fought close by Podberezje (Podbereshje 26 km SW of Cerven) in the Ihumen district, too. Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish rebels near by Loczyn on June 14th, 1863 in the Ihumen district, too (Lucznoje now, 8 km southwards of Cerven). In consequence the estate of Gorki had confiscated from Kornel Peliksza in 1863 (21 km of Minsk) after suppressing of the rebellion; Kornel Peliksza acted as chief of the Minsk province during the January Insurrection. Pawel Dybowski (Pavel Dybovski) was a chief in the Minsk district with centre in  Stankow (Stankava now, 36 km SW of Minsk); it was property of general and count Emeryk Czapski. In the middle of May 1863, a group from the  Ihumen district which came from east side of the Berazino parish (Berezino) under command of Piotr Jesman, after skirmish close to  Boguschewitschi, was smashed completely close by Marcjanowka village (Martjanovka north of Boguschewitschi). Melchior Wankowicz older was  also  the insurgent in 1863.  

Notwithstanding the Polish nobility lived on and on in the Mahileu government, for instance in 1865: the  west group by Druc' river - 12.188 adult persons in 521 villages and places, among others 10.447 Roman  Catholics; the east group by Soz river - 25.318 persons in 248 placess but only 5.927 Roman Catholics. 

Only 3.700 Poles lived in the Mahileu province in 1989, after displacements and purges in 1918 - 21,  1928    - 37, 1940 - 44 and 1952 - 55. 

You also can to see nodeworks according to Barancewicz : Wyzlacinski - Bujewicz (rus, pol) Giecewicz (eng,pol,rus) Konstantynowicz (eng) Leszkiewicz (bel,rus) Matusiewicz (eng,pol,rus) Lyczkowski (eng) Tumilowicz (eng)

We lived in the central and eastern Minsk government continuously in the middle of the 19th cent. 

persons:

1. Iwan Konstantynowicz

2. Zenon Konstantynowicz 

3. Marcin Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified) 

4. Iwan Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified) 

5. Patrycy Gawrylow Konstantynowicz

6. Wikentij Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

7. Semen Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

8. Kazimierz Daniilow Konstantynowicz / Danilovich Konstantynowicz Kazimir - Kazimierz son of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich (Константинович Казимир Данилович, catholic, a nobleman, was living in noble locality Podkosie ca 15 km east of PUKHOVICHY, and south-west of Berezyna; PUKHOVICHY district, Minsk region. The wife of Tamkovich Fyodor / Fiodor Tomkowicz was Marta Matveyevna Konstantynowicz. After 1880 they were living in Fortuny village, the Bobruisk County. Parents of above Martha Konstantinovich, nobles: Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) that is Matthew, and Urszula Irina daughter of Adrian / Hadrian, were living the first in Snustik / Снустик, the Igumen / Ihumen county, east of Pukhavichy 24 km and south-east of Cerven / Ihumen. Above Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) brothers: Jan Konstantynowicz / Ivan born in 1829, Joseph / Jozef Konstantynowicz born in 1834, and Piotr Konstantynowicz born about 1850. Fortuny, in the Bobruisk district, close to Dvorishce and Jasieny, ca 28 km south-west-west of Bobruisk)

9. Iwan Fiodorow Konstantynowicz

10. Iwan Daniilow Konstantynowicz

11. Mikolaj Martinow Konstantynowicz 

12. Iwan Leonow Konstantynowicz 

13. Stefan Konstantynowicz the 1st in Dzmitrovichi, the Barysau district - the information of 1844.

Information about the structure of Orthodoxy on the Berezina area in 1879, acc. to 'Description of the churches and parishes of the Diocese of Moscow...', v. 2, Minsk in 1879. Bielyczany / Beliczany, a rector was Michael / Michal Konstantynowicz / Michail Konstantinovich, graduated in the seminary of Polotsk / Polock, the priesthood since 1832. Dmitrowicze / Dmitrovichi, abbot is Archpriest Jan Minkiewicz / John Minkevich priesthood since 1827, Stefan Konstantynowicz / Stephen Konstantinovich cantor in office since 1844.

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

localities:

Zamostocze

in the Minsk district (= uyezd), the region of Siennica, the  parish of Koreliszczewicze; residents in this Polish noble locality at the  end of the 19th cent.: Platowski, Narejko, Janczewski, Suchocki, Rzeczycki, Pawlowicz,  Mazurkiewicz, Ancielewski and our family 

Luzki = Lushki

(near to villages Skuraty, Donnarowka, Zadomlia, Zaluze in 1859, 7 km west of   Smolewicze / Smaljavicy) in the Minsk government at the  beginning of the 19th cent.; here was a teacher and priest Tadeusz Konstantynowicz in 1812 

Duflon & Konstantinovich Company

Here you can to read about noble ancestries deriving from former Mscislau province i.e. from the Mahileu government, mainly there are Polish and Byelorussian families, e.g. about Holynski, Wollowicz, Puszkin, Brujewicz, Polubinski, Hurko and others. An information on Polish exiles in Siberia are at the website, too. Also about Polish rebellion near by the Lake Baikal in 1866. Here is description of the January Insurrection 1863 in the Ihumen (Cerven) district and also in the Mahileu government; and theory about the Fox and Pielesz coats of arms in the Grand duchy of Lithuania.

Ozeryszcze = Ozdryszcze

Oserischtsche in the Ihumen (= Igumen either Tscherwen or Cerven) district, NW of Ossipowitschi

Little Loszyca

small holding Male Loszyce in the Minsk district - 4 km NW of  Koroleszczewicze / Koroleszczenicze (= Koreliszczewicze; neighbourhood of them in the 19th cent.:  noble Poloniewicz family in a little village Zajameczno, noble houses Pawlowski,  Niemorszanski, Bohdaszewski, Siemaszko, Lubanski, Proszynski, Kostrowicki and  Narcyz Torczynski; the village was situated in the Siennica = Sienica region that is  "volost", the parish of Koroleszczenicze, near to villages Kuroszczowszczyzna,  Rylowszczyzna, Loszyce and Korziuki) 

Barysau

Stefan Konstantynowicz the 2nd here in the early 20th century

Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka

Anton / Antoni Konstantynowicz son of Ivan / Jan; he was  the first rector of a school in the little city (the Piareshyr  street) in 1866 

Konstantynov

(the noble small village near to the river Usza = Usa, 5 kilometres from Borovina  north;  close to border of the Ihumen district) in the Barysau district 

BOROVINA

in the Ihumen district (i.e. Borowiny near to Zeremiec at the map of 1859),  here Ludwik Konstantynowicz and his son Jan born 1888,  who has gone into the army of Balachowicz 1920. 

Berezyna

Here you can to acquaint with information about former Ihumen district and with data on the Polish in the parish of Berezino. Here  there are details about Brzezinski family from Livland. It's a large part devoted to Polish senior officers in Tsarist Army and which next  served for the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in 1917 - 1918. Here you can to read about the Balachowicz's troops (Corps in 1920) - English  version.

The Balachowicz's Corps passed by Olszany and Remel by south bank of Pripjat (= Pryp'jat) on Polish side: on  November 26th, 1920 ("Tula" and "Putwal" regiments with Jozef Balachowicz); on November 26th - 28th: soldiers of  the 2nd and 3rd Byelorussian Divisions passed to Poland; by night 27/28 November 1920 - Gen. Stanislaw  Balachowicz went on to Poland (with his aides: painter Artur Szyk i.e. Alexander Szykarenko, b. 1894, d. 1951 in USA, since   1921 lived in Lodz, and also Tadeusz Darmont); on November 30th - Gen. Adamowicz; the remainder on December  02nd - 04th, 1920 (on December 04th: unit 2100 strong from the 1st Byelorussian Division of colonel Peremykin after tough   fightings on November 25th - 27th). The formal demobilization of the Balachowicz's Corps followed on December  03rd, 1920. And nonetheless Gen. Stanislaw Balachowicz was elected as "General Chieftain of Belarus" in  Warsaw on December 23rd, 1920, according to Stanislaw Dowoyno - Sollohub. Byelorussian soldiers were  interned near by Czestochowa in January 1921, and from here to Szczypiorno close to Modlin, to Tuchola,  Aleksandrow Kujawski, Pikulice, Dabie, Torun, Strzalkow and Kalisz, till August 1924. A lot of  the  "Balachowiczs" were employed in Hajnowka, Bialowieza and Bielsk. 

MIEZONKA

in the Ihumen district (the GOVERNMENT OF MINSK, the parish of BERAZINO or BERESINO, the POHOST or Pogost region = Pogostskaya "volost" that is similar to county; PRECINCT BERAZINO = Uchastok No 2: Uyrevichskaya, Pogostskaya and the Belichanskaya volost; near to villages DULEBO (= Duleby) and DRUCZANY; here Stanislaw Konstantynowicz born c. 1855 + Anna Malkiewicz  daughter of Konstancja Brzezinski from the Polish Livland / Livonia).

I search for all information about the village MIEZONKA where my grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900; at  present Belarus: the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev or Mahilyow province) "oblast"; the village is situated among grand forest  and  southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of the Radzivilles enormous estates before A.D. 1840; ask you about  information. 

St Petersburg and The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company 1892 - 1918

The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, the Union of Weapon in the Ihumen district and the Polish Military Organization conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria -  Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski (b. 1867) and that track went out from Petersburg, among others across Miezonka and Lodz (the Tuvim street) in the direction to Galicia; a family of Andrzejak from Lodz involved in this activity occupied quarters in Miezonka and Moscow all over the first World War and thus

they became technolators of aviation and the basis of the  amateurish movement of aviation sports in Lodz (besides Henryk, Stefan and Wladyslaw Chlebowski - as early as 1910 in Paris and 1911 in Lodz - and also Zygmunt Dekler acted as air experts in Lodz before the First world war) after 1920.

The Polish school of Berazino precinct was here in 1918; farm - houses in Borovina and Miezonka estates were burned down and sequestered by  the Soviets in November 1918 and many perished; displacement from here at Ural and Siberia (the governments of Perm and Omsk; Konstantynowicz  Walery son of Zygmunt was born in Berezniki on March 01st, 1950 in the region of Perm, i.e. in Bieriezniki 155 km north of Perm and next graduated from the Moscow  University, philosopher, he has been living and working in Omsk since 1975) in winter 1928/29; the Roman Catholic chapel was here on the German map of  1941; more: 

Berezyna

the residents in this Polish noble locality at the beginning of the 20th cent. 

Umecki

near by Lodz now

Tumilowicz

(Miezonka and neighbourhood) Jan and Florian sons of Jozef, Leon and Piotr sons of Foma, Wasyl and Felicjan sons of Ilin, Jakub and Maciej sons of Wincenty and others; close to Dzierzynski family (brother of Felix); one of them Boleslaw worked at the Monitz factory in Lodz, was born c. 1901 in Miezonka number 9, he had two sisters and brother Bronislaw, nowadays in Poland (near by Lodz, too) 

Bronowicki

Lodz at a later date 

madam Zaleski

Polish conspirators 1793 / 1819 / 1821 / 1833:

Jan Mikolaj Oskierka born Dec. 1735, died in exile in 1796 - Tobolsk and here he was buried.

The son of
Rafal Alojzy Oskierka 1708-1767 and Stanislawa Teresa OGINSKA.

Stanislawa Teresa Oskierka Oginska, 1724 - 1744, the daughter of Martian Michal Oginsky, b. 1672 in Witebsk.
Named Marcjan (Marcin) Michal Oginski 1672 - 1750, the Witebsk governor in 1730, Vitebsk castellan 1703-1730, marshal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in 1712, 1718, 1723, prince.
Son of Szymon Karol Oginski and Teodora.
Husband of Tekla Ana / Anna Larska; Teresa Tyzenhauz; Teresa Oginska; and Krystyna Oginska.
Father of Stanislawa Teresa OSKIERKA / Oskierko

[with a daughter Marianna Straszewicz b. ca 1740.
Mother of Teresa; Aleksandra; and Alojzy Rokicki b. 1760;
and grandson Michal ROKICKI b. 1790 + KORNELA PROZOR;
great-grandson Ludwik Rokicki b. 1820/1830.
Maybe from ALOJZY was a daughter TEKLA ROKICKA married PROZOR, died 1860 with the son Mieczyslaw PROZOR b. 1830 + Zofia Oskierka 1830-1878,
and with granddaughter Stanislawa Prozor b. 1862, m. Jan Olizar-Wolczkiewicz 1855-1913.
The mother of named JAN OLIZAR WOLCZKIEWICZ was Wiktoria Modzelewska 1828-1903 born Szymanowska!];

Marianna;
Barbara Pac;
Ignacy Oginski Duke; Stanislaw Jerzy Oginski.
Brother of Boguslaw Kazimierz Oginski; Krystyna Tyszkiewicz; Eleonora Oginska and JERZY Oginski.
Half brother of Zofia Oginska and Aleksander Oginski.

Jan Mikolaj Oskierka / Ivan Oskirka, statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
He was the son of Rafal Aloizy.
Together with his brother Antoni Joachim Oskierka studied in Warsaw. Participated in the seven-year war of 1756-1763.
In 1764 he took Czartoryski's side and of King Stanislaw Poniatowski. He was the confederary Mozyr judge; was a deputy from the Mozyr County. In 1781, he was elected to the Tribunal of Lithuania. In August 1784, he was invited by Karol Radziwil to Nesvizh in connection with the King's visit planned there.
In August 1786, he signed a petition to the king asking for the border regiment. In 1788, together with Konstantin JELENSKI, he was a deputy to the Polish-Lithuanian Parliament from the Mozyr County.
In 1790, he gave up his son Rafal Oskierka to the top post in Lithuania.
The Constitution of May 3, 1791 greeted with his great enthusiasm. He was the richest owner in Lithuania, heir to a huge fortune (7 million zl). He owned Narovlei / NAROWLA (in the HOMEL county and close to KONOTOP - with the villages of Antonovo, Mukhoyedy, Ugly, Golovchitsy), Karpovichi in the Mozyr County; Barbarovo and Konotopy in Rechytsky / RZECZYCA COUNTY.
In early August 1793, together with his son Rafal Michal Oskierka

[born after 1761 - d. 1818; official in MOZYRZ, in 1791 served at the Royal Court, CONSPIRATOR in 1793 ! He married to Maria Oskierka b. ca 1790, the daughter of ANTONI OSKIERKA b. ca 1740. RAFAL's son - Jan Oskierka b. 1819 + Julia Oskierka the daughter of Pawel Oskierka official in RZECZYCA and granddaughter of Leopold Oskierka],

took part in the conspirative congress of the nobility in the estate of Karol Prozor in Khoyniki, whose goal was to prepare an armed attack against the Russian Army and for the revival of the Constitution on May 3, 1791.

Karol Prozor and Captain Hamilcar Kasinsky / KOSINSKI left the Khoyniki on April 20, 1794 in JUREWICZE / Yurovichi.
However, Jan Mikolaj Oskerko, through his envoy, warned that Russian soldiers were waiting for them in Jurewicze.
Thus he saved friends, but he himself was arrested on the first day of Easter in 1794.
After the Smolensk investigation, by decree of Catherine II of June 20, 1795, ranked among the first category of convicts; Oskerka was exiled to "the most remote Siberian cities." His property was confiscated and was distributed to Russian nobles, in particular, in 1793 his estate Barbarovo was transferred to the real secret adviser Sivers.
From Irkutsk, Oskerka was moved to Zhigansk in the Yakutsk region of Irkutsk province, where he brought 122 silver rubles.
Released under the amnesty of Paul I in 1796 but he was died of apoplexy in Tobolsk in 1796, where he was buried with honors by the son Dominik Oskierka, accompanying his father on his way back to his homeland.

Jan Mikolaj Oskierka born Dec. 1735, died in exile in 1796 - Tobolsk had 3 children:

1.
Rafal Michal Oskierka 1761-1818 + Maria Oskierka

[with 1. Jan Oskierka b. 1820 + Julia Oskierka;
2. Emilia Oskierka + Hubert Artemiusz Swiatopelk;
3. Teresa Oskierka + Romuald Jelenski];
2.
Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka

[with 1. Maria Oskierka b. ca 1790 + Jan Gizycki and
2. Kajetan Oskierka b. 1821 + Pss Stefania Julia Radziwill - the owner of MIEZONKA !];
3.
Aniela Oskierka 1770-1804 + Ignacy Kajetan Prozor

[with 1. Kornela Prozor 1800-1835 + Michal Rokicki
2. Henryk Prozor b. ca 1800;
3. Maurycy Prozor h. wl. 1801-1886
+ Anna Chlopicka - see more details at my domain !].

After the death of Oskierka, the Russians to return only a small part of the property (Konotopy). The memory of the loss of the huge estates of Oskerka was preserved in the Belarusian proverb: "It disappeared, like Oskierka assets. [above inf. under copyright by the Russian Wikipedia]"

Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) married Katarzyna MYCIELSKA GORZYCKA MIELZYNSKA

MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki.
MACIEJ's children:
1. Elzbieta, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym;
2.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA + Antoni Walknowski

{

[BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770]

- see Jakub KIEDRZYNSKI junior}.

On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798]. Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Her father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn Bardzki of Wrzesnia, died in 1793, and Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770
{in Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811; he was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw. Witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ},
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA ! - the family of the author to this domain].

3. Marianna Krystyna;

4. and son Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; 1717 governor of Przemet.


Maciej married in 1667 to Elzbieta Baranowska - she died in 1682.
Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI married in 1682 to Anna Goszycka / Gorzycka - she died in 1733, the daughter of Andrzej Goszycki / GORZYCKI and KATARZYNA MYCIELSKA, d. 1712.

MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska Gorzycka, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki or Andrzej Gorzycki.

Krzysztof had the son Andrzej Walenty Mielzynski, 1698-1771; born in 1698 - Goscieszyn close to - Wolsztyn (Wollstein); 9 km south-east to WOLSZTYN, 8 km north-east to WRONIAWY; north-west to PRZEMET; 18 km north-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Kiedrzyski-Zamoyski family. See Pradzynski-Kiedrzynski line. Compare Wola Wiazowa.
Andrzej Mielzynski d. 1771 in Pawlowice. Married in 1734 to Anna Petronella Bninska, b. before 1720 in GLOGOW - d. 1770, the daughter of Stanislaw Bninski + JOANNA Krzycka.
Andrzej's son -
Maksymilian Antoni Mielzynski, 1738-1799, born in Laszczyn - Cieladz [close to RAWA MAZOWIECKA]; d. in Pawlowice. Married in 1771 in Mierzeszyn (Meisterswalde) close to Trabki Wielkie, the Gdansk Pomeranie, to Konstancja Czapska, 1749-1813.
Her daughter:
Katarzyna Regina Barbara Cecylia Mielzynski, b. in 1775 in Rabin (Rombin), close to Koscian; d. 1817 in the Chobienice - Siedlec estate near Wolsztyn, and the PRUSSIAN border. Married in 1793 in Pawlowice (Pawlowitz) to Prokop Rufin Jozef Mielzynski, 1763-1800, the son of Hipolit Maciej Jozef Mielzynski 1733-1797 + Seweryna Lipska d. 1801,
with daughter
Gabriela Maria Konstancja Józefa Mielzynski POTULICKA OGINSKA, b. 1798 in Kotowo - Granowo, close to Grodzisk Wielkopolski and south-west to Poznan; d. 1822 in Nice, France.

Olga Kalinowska born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus, in 1844, and her son Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 who married to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki
[compare above mentioned MIELZYNSKI of PAWLOWICE and WOLSZTYN].

The Permanent Council - the highest authority of administration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, established in 1775:

The Permanent Council consisted of a king (with 2 voices), 18 senators and 18 representatives of nobles (deputies); divided into 5 departments (foreign interests, army, police, treasury and justice). The Permanent Council managed the administration, prepared a parliamentary acts, controlled the law and gave its interpretation; to limit the king's power and resist reforms. The Council was liquidated in 1789 by the Four-Year Parliament - reactivated in 1793 by the Grodno Parliament.

A counselors of the Permanent Council in 1775/1776 - 1788/1789 and 1793-1795:
1.
Anastazy Walewski,

KAZIMIERZ Tyzenhauz / Kazimieras Tyzenhauzas [see above] b. ca 1740 - son of Benedykt Tyzenhauz SENIOR - was the husband of above Barbara Gielgud, and father of ZOFIA Tyzenhauziene. Kazimierz Tyzenhauz was the brother of Barbara Wawrzecka; Benedykta Niezabitowska; Aleksandra Anna Morykoni; Teresa Tyzenhauz, and Magdalena Maria Ewa Walewska.
Named above Magdalena Maria Ewa Tyzenhauz-Walewska, was the wife of Anastazy Walewski / Colonna-Walewski, b. ca 1730, died in 1815 in Walewice [or Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815], close to Lowicz.
Atanazy Colonna-Walewski was the son of Józef Kazimierz Walewski and Ludwika;
husband of
Magdalena Maria Ewa Tyzenhauz
and Joanna PULASKI daughter of Jozef PULASKI;

ATANAZY was the ex-husband of Marie d'Ornano

[above Maria Countess Walewska nee Laczynska, 1786 - 1817, a mistress of Emperor Napoleon I. In 1805 she married Atanazy / Anastazy Walewski / Athenasius Colonna-Walewski of Warka district b. ca 1733, d. 1815 or 1814, and a chamberlain to the last Polish king, Stanislaw August Poniatowski. She 2nd married count Filip Antoni d'Ornano / Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, an Napoleonic officer from Ajaccio. Maria was born in Kiernozia; she known Nicholas Chopin, Frederic Chopin's father];

father of Ksawery Walewski, Teresa Walewska, Józefa Witkowska and Antoni Bazyli Rudolf Walewski; brother of Teodora Walewska.

Maria partnered Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon was born in 1769, in above Ajaccio. They had one son Aleksander Florian Józef Walewski.

Named above Anna nee Pulaska / Joanna Pulaska, b. 1742 in Grabowo, was the daughter of Józef Pulaski; she was the sister of KAZIMIERZ PULASKI / Casimir Pulaski, US Revolutionary Hero, the Polish conspirator.
2.
Ksawery Walewski,

Kunegunda Ewa Anna Maslowska b. 1743 in Ruda; m. 1759-64, to Franciszek Ksawery Walewski owner of Wola Wiazowa, son of Franciszek Walewski and Teodora Walewska.

In 1781 named above owner of Wola Wiazowa, Franciszek Walewski / Franciszek Ksawery Walewski, 1739 - 1796, an official in Ostrzeszow in 1765, 1772, 1775, 1778 - 1796,
m. in 1784, in the Kobyla Góra parish, in MYSLNIEW, 4 km to Silesia, to Konstancja Psarska b. before 1770, daughter of Fryderyk Jakub Psarski 1730-1805 and his wife Ksawera Franciszka Bardzinska, 1753-1814.

Franciszek Ksawery Walewski, 1739 - 1796, was married three times: TERESA NIEMOJOWSKA-PSARSKA, b. ca 1730 - a marriage in 1760; unknown - marriage ca 1778 [or to Kunegunda Ewa Anna Maslowska b. 1743 in Ruda, marriage in 1759-64]; and in 1779 or in 1784, in Myslniew, west to Ostrzeszow, to Konstancja Psarska a daughter of Fryderyk Jakub Psarski.

Franciszek Ksawery Walewski owner of Wola Wiazowa, was the son of Franciszek Walewski with his 3rd wife [a marriage in STRONSKO]. Franciszek senior was born ca 1675 / 1690 / 1710 - died in 1745 in Rusiec; Franciszek's the 3rd wife was Teodora Walewska.

PSARSKI ALEKSANDER MAREK died ca 1726, m. Marianna
with:
A. MIKOLAJ Psarski died 1762 (branch of Tomasz Psarski married Kiedrzynska) m. Teresa Skrzynska [see below];

B. FRANCISZEK KSAWERY 1691 - 1772, owner of Cieszanowice, Poradzew, Gawlowice, part of Biala, Unikow, Myslniew, Szklarka and m. Teresa Silnicka / Sielnicka in 1726. Teresa Sielnicka b. 1700.

Above FRANCISZEK KSAWERY Psarski b. 1691, had children:
1. Marianna b. ca 1740, m. Jan Nepomucen Kosma Damian Adam Olszowski b. 1733 in Baranow;
2. Wojciech Stefan Psarski owner of Szklarka, m. Marianna / Magdalena Walewska;
3. Jadwiga 1740-1808 m. Ludwik Bylina, son of Anna nee Madalinski;
4. Jan Kanty Psarski owner of Wielgie and DYMKI, m. Teodora / Honorata Pstrokonska b. 1730,
with a. Tomasz m. Jablkowska;
b. Honorata Psarska 1770-1831 m. Jakub Madalinski 1775-1833;
5. Jakub Fryderyk PSARSKI, born ca 1730, d. 1805, owner of Myslniew close to Ostrzeszow;
6. Konstancja Psarska m. in 1784, to Franciszek Ksawery Walewski d. ca 1805, owner of Wola Wiazowa !!! - son of Franciszek.

Above TOMASZ Psarski (born - ? - ca 1730-1807), was son of above named Mikolaj Psarski owner of Zielonczyn and Teresa Skrzynska, in 1786 owner of Wola Dzierlinska.
Tomasz married to Dorota Kiedrzynska daughter of Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowski, she was 1 voto Wawrzyniec Grabinski;
Tomasz Psarski was 2nd voto Franciszka Rupniewska died 1826.
Dorota m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski 1740-1784, with son Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809.
Tomasz Psarski had daughter Marianna Psarski owner of Wola Dzierlinska, m. Mikolaj Sulimierski son of Michal Sulimierski and Jadwiga Jaroszewska.
3.
Romuald Walewski,

Mentioned Romuald Walewski b. ca 1738, died on June 14, 1812, was Major General, Adjutant General of Stanislaw August Poniatowski, the King of Poland, a captain of cavalry in 1789, Crown Court judge, six-time Member of Parliament. In Cracow from 1773 to 1775 joined the confederation Adam Poninski; member of Parliament in 1778 of the Cracow province; member of Parliament in 1786; member of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Military Commission in 1788; in 1792 he was awarded the Order of the White Eagle, in 1781 received the Order of St. Stanislaus.
Romuald Walewski, 1738 - 1812, m. 1st to Zuzanna Polchowska b. ca 1730 with:
Felicjanna Walewska 1760-1846, and
Magdalena Helena Walewska b. 1762 (Helena Walewska married probably IZYDOR KIEDRZYNSKI of Jedlno - Wola Wiazowa) in Stradom, Cracow;
Romuald m. 2nd Teresa Dunin-Karwicka b. ca 1760.
4.
Hieronim Wielopolski,
5.
Jozef Wilczewski,
6.
Antoni Wollowicz,

Mentioned above Antoni Wollowicz {Count in 1798 of Prussia}, 1750-1822 was son of Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720 and Magdalena Ludwika Marianna Michniewicz; husband of Józefata Piasecka and Teofila Matuszewicz;
father of Joachim Józef Wollowicz and Eustachy Wollowicz; brother of Michal; Balbina Jelenska; Benedykt Wollowicz; Kazimiera, and Katarzyna.

Above Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720, d. 1779, was the son of Jerzy Wollowicz [b. ca 1690, died 1724, who was son of Krzysztof Wollowicz] and Barbara Adamkowicz.

The WOLLOWICZ clan:

Teresa RONIKIER, 1845-1900 [the sister of ROMAN RONIKIER] m. Michal Wollowicz 1812-1882: he was the grandson of Count Antoni Wollowicz, 1750-1822 + Teofila Matuszewicz.
Antoni Wollowicz, Count in 1798 of Prussia, 1750-1822 was son of
Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720 and Magdalena Ludwika Marianna Michniewicz [see below on SWIACK];
husband of Józefata Piasecka and Teofila Matuszewicz;
father of Joachim Józef Wollowicz and Eustachy Wollowicz;
brother of Michal Wollowicz; Balbina Jelenska; Benedykt Wollowicz; Kazimiera, and Katarzyna.

Above Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720, d. 1779, was the son of Jerzy Wollowicz [b. ca 1690, died 1724, who was son of Krzysztof Wollowicz / Krzysztof Kazimierz Wollowicz b. ca 1670 / 1675] and Barbara Adamkowicz.

Now about Wollowicz in the Grodno district:

Swiack - in the Hrodna / Grodno district, ex-Augustow county; close to Wollowiczowce; in the 18th - 19th centuries in the Troki province - belonged to the Wollowiczs; a palace built the Grodno marshal - Józef Wollowicz (d. 1779)

{Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720 and married Magdalena Ludwika Marianna Michniewicz. Above Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720, d. 1779, was the son of Jerzy Wollowicz [b. ca 1690, died 1724, who was son of Krzysztof Wollowicz] and Barbara Adamkowicz}.

The palace finished his son Antoni Wollowicz, the official in Merecz, senator in the Congress Poland; Antoni Wollowicz d. 1822, and the estate took
his oldest son Joachim Józef Wollowicz (1783-1842) married Css Maria Starzenska.
Then all SWIACK belonged to Michal Wollowicz (1812-1882), m. Teresa Ronikier.
Michal's daughter Jadwiga Maria Wollowicz married Count Józef Miaczynski - they were owners of SWIACK.
Above JOZEF WOLLOWICZ:
Józef Wollowicz b. ca 1720, d. 1779; m. Magdalena Ludwika Marianna Michniewicz. Son of Jerzy Wollowicz and Barbara Adamkowicz - see above. Husband of Magdalena Ludwika Marianna Michniewicz. Father of Antoni Wollowicz; Michal Wollowicz; Balbina Jelenska; Benedykt Wollowicz; Kazimiera Wollowicz. Half brother of Joanna Alexandra Wollowicz.

We back to the OGINSKIS:

Witold Zygmunt Joachim Wollowicz 1825-1875, married to Amelia Oginska [with son OLGIERD / Olgierd Michal Wollowicz 1869-1900], daughter of
Tadeusz Antoni Oginski b. 1798, d. 1844, and Marianna Tekla von Rönne (Borewicz, Oginska).

Amelia Oginska Wollowicz was granddaughter of Michal Kleofas Oginski 1765-1833
[Kleofas was father of Franciszek Ksawery Oginski; above Tadeusz Antoni
{Tadeusz was father of above Gabriele Marija Rene; Natalia Gawronska and named above Amelia Wollowicz / Amelija Wollowicz};
Amelia Zaluska; Ireneusz; Emma Wysocka; and Ida]
and Felix von Rönne 1770-1827.

Witold Wollowicz was grandson of
Antoni Wollowicz Count, [in 1798 of Prussia] 1750-1822 and
Stanislaw Kajetan Krystian Breza 1752-1847,
Teofila Matuszewicz, and
Antonina Maria Radolinska 1771-1845.

Above Antonina Maria Radolinska 1771-1845 was granddaughter of Józef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa, 1680-1740 and Leon Raczynski 1698- 1755, and Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska 1718-1797.

Above Wirydianna BNINSKA was daughter of Wojciech Bninski 1710-1755.
7.
Maksymilian Woroniecki,

married in Kojdanow in 1762 to ANGELIKA or Aniela Miaczynska b. 1731 ? - d. 1790; her 2nd husband, with a daughter Konstancja Woroniecka b. 1744.
Her 1st marriage to Hieronim Florian Radziwill, 1715-1760. She was married also to Hieronim Hadziewicz.

Angelika Woroniecki (born Miaczynska) was born in 1731, to Piotr Miaczynski and Antonina Rzewuska; Angelika had brother Adam Miaczynski. Angelika married Maksymilian Woroniecki. Angelika married Hieronim Radziwill in 1755.

Note:
6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg. After the owner's death in 1878, his sons managed the property; to 1887 by Stanislaw Kronenberg, then until 1937 by Leopold Julian Kronenberg.
WIENIEC - in the first half of the nineteenth century the owners were Dambski and Miaczynski (Stanislaw Miaczynski was adjutant of Prince Jozef Poniatowski). Then to above Leopold Kronenberg (1812-1878), a Warsaw banker, investor, one of the richest men in ex-Poland in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Named above Stanislaw Adam Miaczynski 1780-1845, was the son of Kajetan MIACZYNSKI;
Stanislaw's grandparents:
Antoni Miaczynski 1691-1774 [next of kin to Józef Mikolaj Radziwill of Nieswiez, 1784-1788, the Minsk governor (1773-1784), 1736- 1813] and
Dorota Teresa Regina Woroniecka of Zbaraz, 1712-1785 - see Zbigniew Brzezinski.

Dorota Teresa Regina Woroniecka of Zbaraz, 1712-1785
- the daughter of MIKOLAJ WORONIECKI 1680 - 1748 [died on November 1, 1748 in Dziembowo, Kaczory close to Pila], and Teresa Rydzynska.
Granddaughter of WLADYSLAW Woroniecki b. ca 1650, d. 1719 [and DOROTA],
who was the son of WALERIAN, and
grandson of Duke MICHAL and Konstancja Stempkowski;
they come from NASTAZJA and Mateusz Maciej Woroniecki b. ca 1570 ?.

Above Antoni MIACZYNSKI come from Atanazy Walenty Miaczynski (1639 - 1723), the treasurer of the Crown court, the province governor of Volyn and colonel, was friend of Jan III Sobieski.
His children:
Piotr Michal Miaczynski, Antoni Miaczynski, Kazimierz Miaczynski, Katarzyna Ossolinska; Elzbieta Miaczynska - Sierakowska, Józef Miaczynski.
Brzezie - west of WLOCLAWEK, close to Radziejow and Brzesc Kujawski / Brzesc Kujawski, then it was the land of Miaczynski, next the property to the Kronenbergs [with Wieniec, Dubielewo, Aleksandrowo, Maryanki, Leopoldowo]. 1873 - new palace; Leopold Kronenberg died in 1878 and Brzezie taken his children: Stanislaw Leopold Kronenberg (to 1887), then Leopold Julian Kronenberg (to 1937); 1889 - here was living Walerian Kronenberg; the last owner was Leopold Jan Kronenberg.

Atanazy Walenty Miaczynski -
Atanazy Walenty Miaczynski b. 1639 - d. 1723 in Zawieprzyce in the Lublin prov.;
the Volhynia governor in 1713. The son of Piotr Miaczynski SENIOR, and Regina Cieklinska.
ATANAZY's children:
1. above Antoni Miaczynski (1691-1774), MP, the Podlasie governor; m. Pss Dorota Woroniecka,
with sons
Józef Miaczynski (1743-1793) the French General; and
Aleksander Kajetan Miaczynski (1751-1801) - General inspector.

2. below - Piotr Michal Miaczynski (1695-1776), junior, the Chelm governor in 1724, the Czernihow governor in 1737. Married Antonina Anna Beydo-Rzewuska.

3. Kazimierz Miaczynski - Colonel;

4. Katarzyna Miaczynska (d. 1729) + Franciszek Maksymilian Ossolinski;

5. Elzbieta Miaczynska (d. 1737) m. Józef Sierakowski;

6. Józef Miaczynski (d. ca 1723), in Warsaw.

ANIELA MIACZYNSKA married (1) Hieronim Florian Radziwill on January 1, 1755 and (2) Maksymilian Dionizy Woroniecki on April 13, 1762 in Kojdanów.
The daughter of Piotr Michal Miaczynski 1695 - 1776, the granddaughter of Atanazy Miaczynski + Helena Luszkowski.
Antonina Rzewuska + Piotr Miaczynski had children:
Adam; Józef; Aniela; Petronela; Anna Konstancja:
Adam Miaczynski - the Maciejow estate owner; official in Ostrzeszow and in Krzepice; General major;
Józef Miaczynski - the owner of Zawieprzyce, official in Leczyca; General major.
Petronela Miaczynska + Onufry Splawski.

Above Maksymilian Dionizy Woroniecki d. 1797, an advisor, counselor, member of the executive of the Confederation in 1776. Maybe Maksymilian Woroniecki was the owner of Swieczna, ca 1770.
Maksymilian Dionizy Woroniecki of ZBARAZ, Duke, acted with official FELIKS SOLTYK; Mp in 1773-1775; born ca 1710/1720; married Aniela Miaczynska the daughter of Piotr b. 1695; granddaughter of ATANAZY b. 1639; great-granddaughter of Piotr Miaczynski and REGINA CIESLINSKA.
Hieronim Florian Radziwill was married: Teresa Sapieha on September 9, 1740;
Magdalena Czapska in October 1745 in Warsaw;
and Aniela Miaczynska on January 1, 1755.

See: Antoni Piotr Woroniecki b. ca 1760 - d. 1835, the son Bazyli Woroniecki and Helena.
Above BAZYLI: 1745 - 1782, the son of Franciszek Michal Woroniecki and Joanna.
Mentioned Franciszek Michal Woroniecki b. 1714, the son of Wladyslaw Woroniecki and Dorota;
see above on the Miaczynski - Woroniecki branch.
Acc. to my search: Wladyslaw Woroniecki born ca 1650, had the sons:
1.
Mikolaj Wojciech Woroniecki, Duke [MIKOLAJ WORONIECKI b. 1680 - died on November 1, 1748 in Dziembowo, Kaczory close to Pila + and Teresa Rydzynska]. Mikolaj Wojciech Woroniecki - the estate: Dziembowo 6 km south-west to KACZORY; and named Kaczory, at half way from PILA to CHODZIEZ - see Kiedrzynski - Arcichowski branch in MARGONIN!
2.
Jan Woroniecki, Duke, and
3.
above Franciszek Mikolaj Woroniecki, b. 1700/1714;
4.
probably Maksymilian Dionizy Woroniecki b. ca 1710/1720, Duke.
5.
and ? Wojciech Woroniecki b. ca 1710 with a son ANDRZEJ Woroniecki - b. 1750 in LWOW, d. 1819; and the grandson KALIKST b. 1795.

Named above Wladyslaw Woroniecki b. ca 1650, d. 1719, the son of Walerian Woroniecki [Walerian he had brothers STANISLAW and MARCIN], Duke, and Zofia. Husband of Dorota Woroniecka older
[Dorota Teresa Regina Woroniecka of Zbaraz, younger, 1712-1785 - the daughter of MIKOLAJ WORONIECKI 1680 - 1748 [d. on November 1, 1748 Dziembowo, Kaczory / Pila, Wielkopolskie], and Teresa Rydzynska. Granddaughter of WLADYSLAW Woroniecki b. ca 1650, d. 1719 [and DOROTA older], the son of WALERIAN, and grandson of Duke MICHAL and Konstancja Stempkowski; they come from NASTAZJA and Mateusz Maciej Woroniecki b. ca 1570].

Franciszek Michal Woroniecki b. ca 1700/1714
had a daughter Konstancja Szydlowska b. 1744 in Babruysk / BOBRUJSK, the Mogilev Province, Belarus, d. 1816, m. Szymon Kazimierz Szydlowski.

Note to CHODZIEZ:

Arciechowski Józef Wojciech, b. in Milicz in 1785, Captain of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, landowner of Dziewoklucz in 1815, owned Margonin in 1817, m. in 1813 to Dominika Gembicka.
Jakub Kiedrzynski was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798. His two wives: Brygida Bardzka [in 1767]; and Julianna nee Bogdanska [ca 1788].
JAKUB'S brother was Kasper Kiedrzynski and IZYDOR Kiedrzynski!

MICHAL Arcichowski or Arciechowski Michal, b. ca 1717, inf. 1748, died in Chodziez [northern Grand Poland and close to ex-Prussian border !], in 1771. Before 1747 he was married to Antonine (Agnieszka ?) Golinska, d. before 1779, with son Anastazy, and daughters:
Marianna in 1779 m. to Kasper Kiedrzynski / KACPER KIEDRZYNSKI [see family of Izydor Kiedrzynski !];
Nepomucena in 1778 m. Zygmunt Grudzinski;
Michalina;
Karolina in 1779 was unmarried.

Arciechowski Józef Wojciech, b. in Milicz in 1785, Captain of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, landowner of Dziewoklucz in 1815, owned Margonin in 1817, m. in 1813 to Dominika Gembicka, daughter of Ignacy and Cecylia Kurdwanowska, divorced as Jaworowicz, b. ca 1784, with son Jan, b. in Margonin in 1821,
and with daughter Monika, b. ca 1814, married in 1838 to Apolinary Kiedrzynski;
Eufemia, b. ca 1818 and died in 1820 in Margonin.
Margonin - 14 km east of above CHODZIEZ.

Stanislaw Mielzynski on 24 November 1806 was appointed colonel of the Napoleonic army and began to organize 3rd infantry regiment in the division of the General Jan Henryk Dabrowski. The commanders of the other regiments in the division were also Prince Anthony Sulkowski from Rydzyna (1 Regiment), Lacki (2 regiment) and Poninski (4 Regiment). With Mielzynski co-operated the commander of the battalion Major Stanislaw Fisher / Fiszer (then the Army Chief of General Staff). On January 3, 1807 created division of gen. J. H. Dabrowski, with the 3rd Infantry Regiment, of Colonel Stanislav Mielzynski stationed in Pawlowice. Other regiments in Leszno, Zduny and Rawicz (see Sulkowski).
General Mielzynski was appointed commander of the infantry brigade in the 16th infantry division of General Zajaczek. With him commanders of the brigades in the division were: General Franciszek Paszkowski (II infantry brigade) and General Tyszkiewicz (cavalry brigade).
On September 8, 1815 Mielzynski was released from military service and began acted in secret societies, among others, in the Poznan branch of the National Freemasonry, the 'Association of Kosynier', he was a member of Freemasonry in the seventh degree and also belonged to several other Masonic lodges: "Knights of the Star", "The Brothers of the Union", was a master of the lodge "Humanity". Stanislaw Mielzynski died in Pawlowice in June 1826 and was buried here; left 17-year-old son Leo, who got Pawlowice and Kakolewo; Stanislaw; Elizabeth (1822 married Louis Mycielski, who in 1831 died) got Poniec; Filipina (wife of Ignatius Szczaniecki - Miedzychód, a colonel during the uprising of 1848) had Laszczyn, while youngest
Eleonora Laura (m. in 1834 to Karol Czarniecki of Volhynia, divorced, 2nd m. in 1850 to General Józef Napoleon Hutten- Czapski) taken Golancz.
Golancz is situated at northern Great Poland, close to Chodziez [see Kiedrzynski !].
The widow Prowidencja lived later in Poznan by 11 years. She died in Poznan, on October 11, 1837 and was buried in Pawlowice.
Golancz - 28 km east of Chodziez [Smogulec is north of Golancz]. See - Margonin - 14 km east of CHODZIEZ, and Chodziez close to ex- Prussian border - Arcichowski and Kiedrzynski. Margonin is situated 18 km west of named GOLANCZ !! Smogulec - north-east of Margonin.

An advisors, counselors, members of the executive of the Confederation in 1776:

Stanislaw Kostka Bielinski,
Ignacy Kurzeniecki,
August Fryderyk Moszynski,
Hieronim Janusz Sanguszko, and
Maksymilian Woroniecki.

Above Stanislaw Kostka Felicyan / Stanislaw Kostka Bielinski b. ca 1740 - died in 1812 in Witebsk, the Marshal of the Court since 1793, Marshal of the Parliament in 1793, the Garwolin clerk, son of Michal Bielinski of Chelmno and Tekla Peplowski; 1761 the Court top officer, 1765 chamberlain of the King, in 1776 Andrzej Mokronowski's party.
He married to unknown Golicyn / Golitsyn, died 1827, mother of Julia Stanislavovna Belinskaya and Victoria Stanislavovna Volkova; inf. by Peter Trefilov at geni.com.
Above Julia Junosza-Bielinska / Yulia Stanislavovna Belinskaya, 1804 - 1892 in Paris, wife of Peter Alexandrovich Sobakin
and Pawel Bobrzynski / Count Paul Bobrinsky;
mother of Alexei Bobrinsky; Julia Countess Bobrinskaya; Count Alexei Bobrinsky and Pavel Pavlovich Bobrinsky.
Above Pavel Pavlovich Bobrinsky 1829 - 1860, husband of Lyudmila Stepanovna / Kolpashnikov Ludmila,
father of Helene Pavlovna Bobrinski and Lyudmila Pavlovna Bobrinskaya.
Above Helene Pavlovna Bobrinski / Helena Bobrzynska / Elena Pavlovna Bobrinskaya, b. 1857 in Florence, died in?.
Wife 3rd time to Alfred Carl Nikolaus Alexander Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin, 1st to Mikail Meyendorff von Uexküll and 2nd m. Arthur von Staden; inf. by Timo Antero Westerlund in 2015.
Above named Mikail Meyendorff von Uexküll b. 1861, son of Fredrik Adeldagus Felix Meyendorff and Olga; husband 2nd Nadiezda Kosakov / Nadesjda Kasakov, but 1st to Helene Pavlovna Bobrinski; he was brother of Alexander Felixovich Meyendorff.
Mentioned above Alexander Felixovich Meyendorff 1869 - 1964, was husband of Varvara Shervashidze 1859 - 1946 daughter of Hamud- Bey Chachba / Mikhail Georgievich Shervashidze Duke, 1806 in Abkhazia, Georgia - died 1866 - son of Safir Bey George Shervashidze and Tamara Katsievna.

8.
Franciszek Woyna,
and others.

The newspaper in Munich, 1827, on the Polish conspiratorial underground movement:

General Uminski, was trying to increase the number of members of the secret movement, he had established in Warsaw, meanwhile went to see former Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Oborski, whom he had been contacted by Dobrogoyski.
Aleksander Antoni Oborski, the son of Józef Oborski and Petronela Ossowski Oborska. Aleksander was born in 1778 / March 1779 in Warsaw, d. 1841 in Lublin.
In 1785 - 1792 he studied at the Knight's School; he participated in the war of 1792 and the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794; he joined the Polish Legions in 1798 in Italy; in 1801 he returned to Poland [compare Oginski and Nagorski]. In 1812, he served Duke Józef Poniatowski. For these campaigne he obtained the Order of Both Sicily awarded by MARSCHAL Murat [compare - General Franciszek Paszkowski]. 1815-1831: he took up painting and CONSPIRACY. On January 8, 1831, he was a commander of volunteers near Augustów.

Józef Oborski b. ca 1670, had son Baltazar Oborski, 1700-1768 + Teresa Szydlowska;
grandson - Józef Oborski, 1737-1797 + Petronela Ossowska ca 1750-1862; the great-granddaughter
Teresa Oborska, b. ca 1774-1862 + Marceli Marian Potocki, 1781-1851;
Teresa had a sons - Adam Potocki, 1804-1890 + Filipina Dittmayer von Rusfelden; Edmund Kajetan Potocki, b. 1805 + Anna Katarzyna Soltynska; and daughter Klementyna Potocka, 1811-1878 + Mateusz Miaczynski

{note:
Ignacy Miaczynski b. 1760, Count in 1803, the son of
Józef Bonawentura Miaczynski, b. 1731, Count, an official 1749, 1766, 1776, 1783, General major, the owner of Zawieprzyce. Józefa Ronikier Miaczynska b. 1758, the daughter of Józef Bonawentura Antoni Miaczynski and Katarzyna Miaczynska. Wife of Michal Aleksander Ronikier and mother of Kazimierz Józef Anastazy Ronikier, Count.
Jozef Bonawentura was the son of Piotr Michal Miaczynski 1691-1776; grandson of Atanazy Miaczynski 1639-1723.

In ca 1775, Jozef Walewski was heir of JEDLNO, Borki and Jankowice close to Jedlno, and also of Kalinowa close to Zdunska Wola. But 6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg. After the owner's death in 1878, his sons managed the property; to 1887 by Stanislaw Kronenberg, then until 1937 by Leopold Julian Kronenberg. WIENIEC - in the first half of the nineteenth century the owners were Dambski and Miaczynski (Stanislaw Miaczynski was adjutant of Prince Jozef Poniatowski). Then to above Leopold Kronenberg (1812-1878), a Warsaw banker, investor, one of the richest men in ex-Poland in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Named above Stanislaw Adam Miaczynski 1780-1845, son of Kajetan;
Stanislaw's grandparents:
Antoni Miaczynski 1691-1774 [next of kin to Józef Mikolaj Radziwill of Nieswiez, 1784-1788, the Minsk governor (1773- 1784), 1736-1813] and Dorota Teresa Regina Woroniecka of Zbaraz, 1712-1785 - see Zbigniew Brzezinski.
MIACZYNSKI come from Atanazy Walenty Miaczynski (1639 - 1723), the treasurer of the Crown court, the province governor of Volyn and colonel, was friend of Jan III Sobieski. His children: Piotr Michal Miaczynski, Antoni Miaczynski, Kazimierz Miaczynski, Katarzyna Ossolinska; Elzbieta Miaczynska - Sierakowska, Józef Miaczynski.
Brzezie - west of WLOCLAWEK, close to Radziejow and Brzesc Kujawski / Brzesc Kujawski, then it was the land of Miaczynski, next the property to the Kronenbergs.

Adam Albert Wojciech Mecinski m. Aniela Stadnicka with
1. Ewa Lanckoronska (born Mecinska) born in 1789 / 1790, to Aniela Mecinska (born Stadnicka). Ewa married Antoni Lanckoronski, born in 1777 [see SZYMANOWSKI and BRZEZINSKI], with 6 children: Tekla Celestyna Eleonora Radolinska (born Lanckoronska), Julianna Nepomucena Fryderyka Rejswicz (born Lanckoronska) and 4 other children;
2. Magdalena Miaczynska (born Mecinska),
3. Anna Magdalena Teresa Miaczynska (born Mecinska),
4. Franciszka Bobrowska, Szafraniec - Bystrzanowska, born Mecinska in 1775, the daughter of Adam Albert Wojciech Mecinski and Aniela Mecinska (born Stadnicka).
She m. Franciszek Ksawery Szafraniec - Bystrzanowski in 1809; Franciszek was born in 1767. Franciszka married Joachim Bobrowski in 1810, with one daughter: Aleksandra Klara Stadnicka (born Bobrowska).
5. Jan Nepomucen Mecinski.
6. Wojciech Mecinski, 1760 - 1839 in Cracow}.

IGNACY's son:
Mateusz Miaczynski (1799 - 1863) married mentioned above Klementyna Potocki.

Onufry Oborski, b. ca 1760, the LIW Marshal, + Marianna Golabek-Jezierska; had son Antoni Walenty Teodor Oborski, b. ca 1780 + Marcjanna Jawornicka;
grandson - Maksymilian Oborski, b. 1809 Proszew, close to Siedlce; a painter, and the insurgent in 1831; the owner of Staszów, Sieniawa, he was exiled 1863 in Siberia; and granddaughter - Maria Oborska, b. ca 1810 + Ignacy Kokoszka Michalowski, Baron.

The former Colonel Alexander Oborski was determined by Uminski, to take part in the underground movement.

Lord John Russel Brougham in 1831 gives the names of conspirators. The names of the individuals involved in the investigation are:

Adolph Cichowski,

Dobrogoyski,

Nikolaus Dobrzycki,
Jordan,
Bruno Kicinski,
Joseph Koszutki / Jozef Koszutski,
Kozakowski,
Lagowski,
Lukasinski,
Machnicki,
Theodor Morawski,
Alexander Oborski,
Pawlikowski,
Prondzynski / General Pradzynski,
Wierzbolowicz;
Szreder / Schroder.

General Jan Nepomucen Uminski co-operated with

Jozef Krzyzanowski, b. 1793, died in 1856

{In secret academic organizations ("Brotherhoods" and others), acted Majewski, Wolowski; and Henryk Mackrott, the freemason, the most distinguished secret police agent; Hieronim Szymanowski; Pazdzierska; Joel Birnbaum; Ludwik Grünberg and others. Mackrott' detailed wrote a reports from August 1819, to Duke Konstanty. He spied on the relationship of "Scythemen", where the deputy head of the Province of Poznan was named Józef Krzyzanowski from Pakoslaw, born 1793 [his wife Aniela Kolaczkowska], about which S. Askenazy wrote that "it was a man who was not very specific...".

We know about
Michal Krzyzanowski, b. 1734-died in 1810, Castellan of Miedzyrzecz, built a beautiful classical palace in Pakoslaw, which was started in 1791. In 1764-1791 to Ignacy Wyskoty-Zakrzewski, the President of Warsaw. From 1791, the Pakoslaw estate belonged to the Krzyzanowski family. The first of them was Michal Krzyzanowski, b. 1734, the founder of the palace, who bought Pakoslaw for 166 thousand thalers. Michal Krzyzanowski was the marshal of the Crown Tribunal.
In 1831 the son of named Michal b. 1734, ie. Józef Krzyzanowski, born 1793, sold Pakoslaw to Duke Acerenza-Pignatelli.
Michal's grandson:
Michal Józef Stanislaw Krzyzanowski b. 1828 in PAKOSLAW - d. 1903 in GORA close to SIERADZ.
Named Józef Filip Jakub Krzyzanowski 1793-1856
[Mikolaj Krzyzanowski was exiled to Tobolsk, and the enemy of Russia, was a Decembrist, died in Tobolsk - born ca 1795/1800. Compare - Andrzej Krzyzanowski born ca 1790/1795. Come from LUKASZ ?]
was the son of Michal Krzyzanowski official in Miedzyrzecz, 1734/ca 1740-1810 + Alojza Anna Gajewska 1757/1760-1815;
and grandson of
Lukasz Krzyzanowski official in Poznan, 1700-1741.

ALOJZA GAJEWSKA was the daughter of
Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski 1714-1775 and Katarzyna Tworzyanska 1737-1798.
RAFAL GAJEWSKI the 1st maried
in 1747 to Józefa Mielzynska 1729-1752, the daughter of Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski 1682-1738 + Krystyna Skalawska 1690-1762.
The 2nd before 1776, Katarzyna Tworzyanska
with the daughter
Alojza Anna Gajewska 1757-1815 + Michal Krzyzanowski
and grandson
Józef Filip Jakub Krzyzanowski 1793-1856, CONSPIRATOR;
and great-grandchildren:
Michal Józef Stanislaw Krzyzanowski 1828-1903; Maria Florentyna Józefa Krzyzanowska 1831-1916; Józefa Aniela Krzyzanowska 1834-1917.
ALOJZA had daughter
Melania Emilia Katarzyna Krzyzanowska 1795/1798-1849 + Wiktor Tomasz Antoni Szoldrski Count, 1775/1779 in ROGALIN - died in 1830 in Berlin; the owner of
Czacz, Przysieka Polska, Karszanice, Ksieginki,
Wilkowo POLSKIE - see KIEDRZYNSKA + PRADZYNSKI and WOLA WIAZOWA,
Siekowo, Siekówko, Kluczewo, Saczkowo, Borek, Ziemin, Czempin, Borówko, Piechanin, Tarnowo, Grzybno.

A mansion in Pakoslaw was commissioned by Emilia Sczaniecka; a parish school in Pakoslaw was established in 1840 - 41, whose initiator was Count Józef Krzyzanowski, heir to Pakoslav.

SEWERYN KRZYZANOWSKI:

Captain Franciszek Majewski, of which Askenazy writes ("Lukasinski", vol. II, 89), "was a dark person...", was authorized to set up a new lodge by the Edinburgh Chapter of TEMPLARS from which he became acquainted during his stay in England. The newly lodge worked hard until the outbreak of the November Uprising in Kiev and Berdyczów.
Many of the Templars were at the same time members of the Patriotic Society. To their number belonged the Lieutenant-Colonel Seweryn Krzyzanowski.
SEWERYN KRZYZANOWSKI died on 4 July 1839 in Tobolsk or in northern village Iszym.
Seweryn Krzyzanowski b. 1787 in Ukraine. Maybe the brother of Mikolaj Krzyzanowski exiled to Tobolsk, and the enemy of Russia, was a Decembrist, died in Tobolsk - born ca 1800, and of Andrzej Krzyzanowski born ca 1795.
Seweryn Krzyzanowski acted in underground National Patriotic Society, a secret organization founded and headed by Walerian Lukasinski, also an officer. From the autumn of 1822, that is, from the moment Lukasinski was arrested by the Russians (as a result of the trial he was detained until his death in 1868), Seweryn Krzyzanowski was actually the leader of the National Patriotic Society. He was a moderate activist, so together with prince Antoni Jablonowski he co-operated with Russian democrats from the South Union (Society) / decembrists. After the Decembrists' uprising in 1825, the Tsarist police attacked Polish conspirators, so Antoni Jablonowski, arrested in Kiev in February 1826, made extensive statements in which he revealed many names of Polish conspirators, including Seweryn Krzyzanowski. Seweryn Krzyzanowski and 127 other Polish independence activists stood in front of the court in 1827, but the case of Seweryn Krzyzanowski himself and seven of his closest collaborators were qualified as high treason.
Tsar Mikolaj I remembered, after the fall of the November Uprising in 1831, when his sentence was finished, and was given the personal command of Seweryn Krzyzanowski - he was arrested again and imprisoned.
The sentence was absolute: new exile to the Siberian forest.
Krzyzanowski settled in Berezowo in the basin of the Irtysh River; already after a few years of staying in Berezów he fell ill.

Trocki: Summer 1879, David Bronstein, with wife Anneta Zivotovski / Anna nee Zywotowska and children: Aleksandr b. 1870, and Elizavieta b. 1875, (David Bronstein was living the first close to Poltava) moved to Janovka in the Elisavietgrad county, Cherson government (now here is village Breslavka); the estate bought from wife of Janovski; Lejb Bronstein / Lev was born in 1879 October, in Janovka, and in 1883 Olga was born here. David Bronstein had bussiness in Cherson, Odessa and Nikolaiev / Nikolajev; 1910 or 1912 died Anneta Zivotovski. David Bronstein died in 1922.
Lejba / Lev studied in Odessa, in 1888 - 1895; moved to Nikolaiev / Nikolajev in 1895 or 1896; 1898 jailed in Odessa, and he was sent in Siberie; escaped in Summer of 1902: taken false surname from somebody of Odessa - Trocki, next to
Samara, to G. M. Kzyzanovsky / Gleb Krzyzanowski; then Trocki moved to Charkiv, Poltava and Kiev; and abroad to Viena, Zurich, Paris, in Oct. (?) 1902 to London, to the Lenin home, after a letter from Samara, from G. M. Kzyzanovsky / Gleb Krzyzanowski;
1905 - 1907 Petersburg; 1914-1916 West Europe; jailed in Spain 1916; 1916 / 1917 in USA; 1926 - 1927 fought with Stalin, 1928 Alma- Ata, 1929 Turkiye. His wife Aleksandra Sokolowska, m. in 1899 in Moscow. His brother Aleksandr was owner of factory in Bobrinca; Olga was living in Elisavietgrad. Brother of his mother: D. L. Zivotovski/ Zywotowski.

Krzyzanowski, Gleb Maksimilianovich / Gleb Maximilianowitsch Krschischanowski that is Gleb Krzyzanowski, b. 12 January or 24 Jan. 1872 in Samara, d. 31 March 1959 in Moscow; Krzhizhanovsky came from a noble family, the Soviet statesman,
his father Maximilian Nikolaevich Krzyzanowski / Maksymilian Krzyzanowski was of Polish origin, his mother was Elvira Ernestovna Rosenberg / Elvira Rosenberg, a German;
he studied at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, from which he graduated in 1894 with success as an engineer; he was interested in revolutionary movements in 1891 at one of the first Marxist circles in the former Russian Empire; 1893, he temporarily was the leadership of the Marxist struggle for the liberation of the German working class in St. Petersburg, there in 1893 he met the young Vladimir Ulyanov Lenin; at that time had begun his revolutionary activities; December 1895, arrested and exiled to Eastern Siberia in February 1897; Krzhizhanovsky participated in all Russian revolutions since 1905; 1904 he was a member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, which he compared with the Mensheviks left; 1902 he initiated in Samara, an office of the Social Democratic revolutionary newspaper Iskra; 1903 to 1905 he lived in Kiev, where he was employed at a railway station;
his wife from 1899 - Zinaida Nevzorov (1869 - 1948);
his mother Elvira Ernestovna Rosenberg, from German,
his father Maximilian Nikolajewicz Krzyzanowski was living in Samara, born ca 1840/1850;
his grandfather Mikolaj Krzyzanowski was exiled to Tobolsk, and the enemy of Russia, was a Decembrist, died in Tobolsk - born ca 1800.
Compare - Andrzej Krzyzanowski born ca 1795.

Now about Jan Krzyzanowski 1869 - died 1910 in Lódz; husband of Maria Andrusow; father of Olga Hersztanski and Anna Budryn.
Above Anna Budryn nee Krzyzanowska, wife of Dymitr Budryn, and mother of Wlodzimierz Budryn / Wlodzimier Budryn.
Above Jan Krzyzanowski was son of JAN, senior - Jan Krzyzanowski / Ivan, b. on May 8, 1834, died on September 3, 1889 in Warszawa, Poland; Colonel of the Ekaterinburskij Regiment, the Crimea War, Sevastopol 1853-1855.
Anna Krzyzanowska, daughter of Jan Krzyzanowski and Maria Andrusow; mother of Wlodzimierz Budryn.
And some on the Krzyzanowskis:

a. General-lieutenant Mikolaj Krzyzanowski junior, 1818 - 1888, wars on Caucasus, the Crimea War, the Warsaw war governor, the Orenburg general-governor;
b. his brother was Pawel Krzyzanowski b. 1831 - son of Andrzej Krzyzanowski born ca 1795.
Nikolaj / Mikolaj, b. 1818, acted in Turiestan, Orenburg, Buchara / Bukhara.

Severin / Seweryn Krzyzanowski b. 1787 in Parchamówka in the Skwir county / Skwira (see Ascher Ginsberg!), Ukraine, d. 1839 in Tobolsk, colonel to 1826 of the Polish Army, exiled in 1830 to Tobolsk; he was a poor invalid, both his feet are paralyzed, and he never quits his chamber; his company, M. Onufry Pietraszkiewicz, his nurse, a German.
Curiosity!
In March 1874 Nikolai Sudzilovsky came from St. Petersburg to Saratov. It is possible that a student has been selected Pokrovsk. He was born in Mogilev in 1850. Nicholas Sudzilovsky had relatives in Pokrovsk, the Novouzensk county, the Samara province. Father was once a wealthy nobleman; the origin of the surname associated with the name Sudzily: Sudzilovskaya village that is Fastow in the Mstislavsky district, Mogilev province. Nikolai Sudzilovsky moved in 1874 to London, 1875 in Geneve, 1876 Bulgaria, 1877 Romania, 1887 San Francisco, next Hawaii.
POKROVSK = Engels, at present; east suburb of SARATOW; see Hleb Krzyzanowski / Gleb Krzyzanovsky},

Maciej MIELZYNSKI

{Maciej Józef Franciszek Mielzynski b. 1799 in Winna Góra, d. 1870;
the Polish political and social activist, landowner in Winna Gora - see SCZANICKI.
He was the son of Józef and Franciszka Niemojowski. He studied at home under a tutor Jan Baptiste Motty, then in Berlin. In youth, he was imprisoned for participation in the "Kosynierzy Union"; he took part in the November Uprising under the command of Dezydery Chlapowski. He was in exile; on his return he was sent to the Prussian prison for nine months, and he received a very fine.

The son of
Józef Mielzynski 1765-1824 + Franciszka Niemojowska 1781-1863,
and grandson of

Maciej Mielzynski official in Radziejów, 1733-1793; Seweryna Lipska; Ignacy Niemojowski official in Wielun, 1750-1786;
Katarzyna Wierusz-Walknowska
[the daughter of Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski b. ca 1710; the granddaughter of
Antoni + Urszula Mielzynska. Urszula - see Jakub Kiedrzynski !],
1750-1787;
and great-grandson of
Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski 1682-1738.

At margin: Brygida Sczaniecka [the daughter of Sylwester Sczaniecki], 1775-1859 married
Mikolaj Gorgoni Mielzynski, 1780-1842, the son of
Maksymilian Antoni Jan Mielzynski 1738-1799 + Konstancja Hutten-Czapska 1749-1813,
and grandson of
Andrzej Mielzynski official in Kcynia, 1698-1771; Anna Petronela Bninska 1720-1771; Jakub Hutten-Czapski; Rozalia Ewa Hutten-Czapska 1715-1769;
and great-grandson of
Krzysztof Mielzynski 1670 - 1721, official in Kcynia 1693, and in Przemet in 1717 - 1719;
and great-great-grandson of
Maciej Mielzynski 1636 - 1697, official in Kcynia 1659 - 1660, in Srem 1683.

Named Maciej born in 1636, with 2nd wife had son named KRZYSZTOF Mielzynski, died in 1721; and
with 3rd wife had
1. Urszula Mielzynska (1689-1743) m. Antoni Walknowski - see the JAKUB KIEDRZYNSKI family - Pradzynski - Wola Wiazowa!,
and

Ludwig SCZANIECKI / Ludwik Sczaniecki

{Ludwik Pawel Sczaniecki b. 1789 in Boguszyn, d. 1854 in Paris, the November insurrection, landowner, conspirator; in 1807, he worked in the office of the director of internal affairs in Warsaw - Stanislaw Breza.
Stanislaw Breza / Stanislaw Kajetan Krystian Breza b. 1752, died 1847, MP in 1784, and in 1790.
Ludwik Sczaniecki was born 1789 in Boguszyn north-west to Jarocin [close to Nowe Miast by the Warta river; north-west to PLESZEW], his father Józef Sczaniecki (1756-1815) and mother Jadwiga Wygan Sczaniecka.
After 1815, he maintained constant with Dabrowski, and Sczaniecki visited him in Winna Gora until the death of the general in 1818; he was also the guardian of the children of Dabrowski.
In 1819, during his stay in Warsaw, he met Walerian Lukasinski, who introduced him to the National Freemasonry and ordered to develop organizational structures in the Grand Duchy of Poznan.
In 1820, Sczaniecki introduced Ignacy Pradzynski to the Poznan lodge; at the initiative of Pradzynski, the Poznan organization changed its name to the "Kosynierzy Union" / SCYTHEMEN; after the destruction of the Patriotic Society he could not appear for several years in the property of Konstancja's wife in the Kingdom of Poland.
Back to Poland in October 1830.

Józef Filip Nereusz Sczaniecki b. 1756 - Godurowo, d. 1815 - Miedzychod;
the son of Michal Sczaniecki 1702-1787}.

CONSPIRATORS in Poland under Russia:

Stanislaw Tyszkowski,

Ludwig Sobanski,

Marcin Tarnowski,
Feliks Ciszewski,
Antoni Czarkowski,

JAN CHODZKO

{Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko, born 1804 in Krzywicze / Krivitchi, the Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (now Kryvitchi, Minsk Region); he died 1891 in Noisy-le-Sec; an Orientalist, the Polish writer and poet, was Russian consul in Persia.
He was son of the writer Jan Chodzko and Klara Korsak;
the brother of Michal Chodzko and Józef Chodzko
[above Joseph Chodzko / Józef Boreyko Chodzko or Khodzko, born 1800 in Krzywicze, ex-the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, died in 1881 in Tiflis / Tbilisi, a General-topographer and Polish geographer. He stayed in Paris in 1843, where he met Adam Mickiewicz and his three brothers: Alexandre, Michel and Stanislas, and his cousin Leonard - all Polish nationalists].
ALEKSANDER CHODZKO, in 1841 to 1842, he stayed in Greece, in Italy and the United Kingdom.
In 1847 he married in Lausanne to Helena Dunin-Jundzill (1822 - 1886), daughter of Earl Wiktor / Victor Jundzill Dunin, General who emigrated from Poland;
she was the granddaughter of Mikolaj Michal Cichocki, son of Stanislas Poniatowski King of Poland, and Marianna Iwanska (Magdalena Agnieszka Lubomirska ?).
Named above Michal Mikolaj Cichocki / Michael Nicholas Cichocki (b. 1770 in Warsaw, died 1828 in Warsaw), Brigadier General of the Duchy of Warsaw; graduated from the Corps of Cadets, the captain, took part in the 1792 war with Russia. He died suddenly. He was a member of the Masonic lodge 'Slavic Unity'.

Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 (see below), the son of Józef CHODZKO b. 1723, and Konstancyia Bujnicki, married to Clara Korsak - Jan was the President of the Civil Minsk Chamber, and the School Inspektor of the Province of Vilnius and Minsk; died in 1851, buried in Zaslaw.
Mentioned above Jan Borejko Chodzko born 1776 in Wilno was the Chairman of Minsk Supreme Court; Chairman of the University of Wilno; awarded the Order of St. Vladimir; chamberlain of the Wilno district. He prevented the Russians burning of MINSK, before evacuating of the town.
Considering Napoleon as the liberator of Poland, as a good patriot, he slept Russian vigilance and introduced the Marshal Davoust in stores of food and ammunition - Napoleon heard the news; after the retreat of the French, he had to flee Poland but he returned thanks to the amnesty of the Emperor Alexander.
He was the founder of two Masonic lodges, one in Vilnius and one in Minsk. He was the top member of a patriotic secret society before the uprising of 29 November 1830,
and he was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg where he met in prison his son Alexander who was also arrested, it was the last time that they saw themselves. Jan was sentenced to 5 years in prison and deported to Russia. His eldest son Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia. Jan could not return to his homeland but died in 1851 in Minsk.

Stanislaw II August Poniatowski, King of Poland was brother of Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski b. 1736 in Gdansk, d. 1794 in Warsaw;

Michal Jerzy Ludwik Poniatowski was father of Piotr Pawel Jan Maleszewski 1767 - 1828 who married 2nd time to Jeanne Garran de Coulon, but 1st time married to J. Venture de Paradis or Victoire Françoise Venture de Paradise (see Sulkowski, Venture and Breguet, Duflon, Konstantynowicz at my domain: part 1, 2, 3 - the links below).
First marriage of Maleszewski with a beautiful Victoire Françoise Venture de Paradise, called "Egyptian", the representative of the then "Merveilleuses", gave him a number of concerns. They had a daughter born in Paris in 1794 - Victoire Clementine, later married Alfred de Laqueuille. In addition, his name wore two daughters of his wife,
Adela Mortier and Olimpia Chodzko Leonardowa;
after the death of his wife in 1813 he married in 1816 to Jeanne, daughter of an old friend Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon.

Branch from Jean VENTURE d. 1660, Consul de Marseille in 1637; his son Charles de VENTURE sieur de PARADIS; grandson Jean Michel de VENTURE b. 1701 in Marseille; great-grandsons Jean Joseph de VENTURE and Jean Michel de VENTURE de PARADIS born 1739 Marseille - his children:
1. Unknown by name de VENTURE de PARADIS married to Jozef Sulkowski / Joseph SULKOWSKI born in 1770 in the Poznan province in Poland - died in 1798 in Cairo / Kair / Caire, Egypt: the friend and aide de camp to Bonaparte, friend with Muiron, Vivant Denon, Carnot, Augereau, and Bourienne.
and 2. Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a. Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI / Piotr Maleszewski with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO b. 1800 - died in 1871;
b. m. 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET 1776 - 1858 with children:
A. Louis François Clément BREGUET 1804 - 1883 married to Charlotte Eugénie Caroline LASSIEUR 1815 - 1889 with children:
Louise BREGUET 1847-1930,
Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882,
Madeleine BREGUET 1853-1877;
B. Louise Charlotte Clémentine BREGUET 1810 - 1887 married to Dr LIONNET.

Jan's son, Aleksander Chodzko was arrested in 1830/1831 and taken to St. Petersburg where he met the father, then above Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia. Next he was the Russian consul in Persia, then professor of Slavic literature at the College de France, well-known author who married to Helena Jundzill, daughter of Victor, with her sons, Victor Chodzko m. Mary Baldassari, with children: Edward, Victor junior, Helena and Aleksander junior - the English naval captain, and the last son was Adam, an engineer residing in San Francisco.

Stanislaw / Stanislas Chodzko, chemist - son of above Jan Chodzko;
Stanislaw was the brother of above named Alexander.
Józef Chodzko, was the third brother, General.

Jozef / Joseph CHODZKO 1723-1782, and Konstancja BUJNICKA had children:

1. Ludwik Tadeusz Chodzko / Louis Thadee CHODZKO, 1769-1843, married to Waleria DEDERKO with son
Leonard CHODZKO, 1800-1871 who married to Olympe MALESZEWSKI / Olimpia Maleszewska;
see below - Sulkowski and on the Venture of Paradise, the Breguet family and Duflon - Konstantynowicz Company!

2. above Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 m. Klara KORSAK, d. 1852, with son
Alexandre CHODZKO 1802-1891.

Leonard Chodzko, was son of Ludwik Chodzko, Marshal of the Zawilejski region and Waleryia Dederko; he was grandson of Jozef / Joseph CHODZKO 1723-1782, and Konstancja BUJNICKA;
Leonard was born in 1800, residing in Paris, author of many historical works, his brother
Aleksander Chodzko 2nd, died, 1877},

Stanislaw Joteyko,

Wiktor Ossolinski,

Wincenty Karwicki,

Jozef Gruszecki,

Tomasz Czarkowski,

MICHAL ROMER

{Michal Józef Römer / Romer or Roemer; b. 1778 - d. 1853, was a politician, writer, Freemason. Römer was born in WILNO / Vilna, where he spent most of his life. He owned manors in Kriaunos, Antanase, Bagdoniskis, Daugirdiskiai, Granapolis, Dembine. During the French invasion of Russia, he served as the mayor of Vilna from July to September 1812.
1817 and 1820 he served as a Marshal of the Vilna Governorate. He also served as a head of the regional branch of the National Patriotic Society and the "Towarzystwo Szubrawców" - literary society

(along with Michal Balinski, Leon Borowski, Ignacy Chodzko, Antoni Gorecki, Kazimierz Kontrym, Józef Sekowski, Jedrzej Sniadecki and Tomasz Zan).

MICHAL ROMER was master of Masonic Lodge Diligent Lithuanian and chairman of the Great Lodge Perfect Unity.
In 1826 he was imprisoned in Warsaw and the Peter and Paul Fortress. Later he was exiled to Voronezh. After the return in 1832, he retired from public life.
Michal Józef Romer was born in 1778, to Stefan Dominik Romer and Anna Romer (born Pac). Stefan was born in 1721. Anna was born in 1749. Michal married Rachela de Raes.
They had son Seweryn Justus Justyn Romer m. in 1850 to Aniela Burba with:
Kazimierz Ignacy + Kazimiera Bronislawa Skirmunt
with son and daughters:
1. Antoni Kazimierz Seweryn Römer 1889-1973 + Anna Soltan 1895-1974;
2. Irena Aniela Helena Römer + Edward Plater-Zyberk;
3. Jolanta Römer 1892-1987 + Witold Klemens Wankowicz 1888-1948;
4. Maria Konstancja Karolina Römer + Zygmunt Lubienski;
5. Kazimiera Römer 1899-1989 + Karol Tadeusz Wankowicz 1894-1990 -
the son of Waclaw Stanislaw Adam Wankowicz 1860-1936 who was the
great-grandson of
Melchior Wankowicz b. ca 1770 and Scholastyka Gorecka b. ca 1790.

MELCHIOR's son:
Karol 1805-1854 + Rozalia Wankowicz 1800-1891;
and grandson -
Melchior Roman Julian Wankowicz 1842-1892 + Maria Szwojnicka;
and great-grandchildren:
Czeslaw Wankowicz 1876-1912;
Witold Wankowicz [the conspiracy in the IHUMEN county and the BEREZYNA parish - a person friendly with my family] 1882- 1944;
Regina Wankowicz 1883-1963;
Melchior Wankowicz 1892-1974.
See more on ROMER:
Marie / Misia, 1869 - Gries 1902, m. Bronislas ROMER, b. in Lithuanie 1856, d. San Remo 1899, with children:
a. Mathias / Maciej, 1890, d. Warsaw 1955 m. Marie KORYBUT - DASZKIEWICZ, 1889 - 1953.
b. Bronislas / Broneck, 1891 in Powience, Russie,
c. Tadeusz Romer / Thaddee ROMER, b. in Antonosz near Kaunas in 1894, died in Montreal 1978, and acc. to Wikipedia: a secretary to Roman Dmowski in 1919, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ambassador to Italy, Portugal, Japan (1937-1941) and the Soviet Union (1942-1943). Then he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Polish Government in Exile (1943-1944);
m. Zofia Wankowicz / Sophie WANKOWICZ, b. ex-Poland in 1897, d. Montreal 1981.
Tadeusz Romer has the 'Medaille de Juste parmi les Nations decernee par le Memorial Yad Vashem' (1984).

Zofia Wankowicz m. Tadeusz Ludwik Römer b. 1894 in Antonosz, d. 1978 in Montreal; Zofia Wankowicz b. 1907 in Zaswiatów, died Sept. 1981; her parents:
Stefan Kolumb Wankowicz 1859-1923 and Helena Boguszewska 1868-1928.
Above Stefan Kolumb Wankowicz was father of Jadwiga Rostworowska and Zofia Römer.
Above named Zofia Römer b. 1907 or Zofia Wankowicz born on 17 Feb. 1897 in Zaswiatow by Swislocz river, died in Montreal in Sept. 1981, daughter of Stefan Kolumb Wankowicz 1859 - 1923, and Helena Boguszewski 1868-1928;
Helena nee Boguszewski had 2 daughters: Jadwiga Rostworowski and above Zofia Romer; Zofia m. two times: 1st to Tadeusz Ludwik Romer 1894 - 1978, with 3 children; 2nd to Konstanty Maria Józef / Konstanty Maria Drucki-Lubecki, 1893-1939, since 1918},

Mikolaj WORCELL,

Stanislaw Karwicki,

Anselm Iwaszkiewicz,

Piotr MOSZYNSKI,

Anastazy GRODECKI,

Antoni Jablonowski.

CONSPIRATORS in Lithuania:

Barankiewicz,

Biallozor,

JOZEF BILLEWICZ,

Buczynski,

Bykowski,

Aleksander CHODKIEWICZ,

Franciszek Czarkowski,

Downarowicz,

Karol Dziekonski,

Stanislaw Gruzewski,

Jozef Gruzewski,

Michal Hoffmann,

Karpinski,

Korbut;

Kulczycki;

Labanowski;

Piotr LAGOWSKI,

Lipski;

LUKASZEWICZ,

Stanislaw Mackiewicz;
Stefan Mackiewicz;
Stanislaw Mikulicz;

Teofil Mikulicz;

Konstantyn Nowowieyski,
IGNACY PLATER or Kazimierz Ignacy Broel Plater

{Michal Plater-Zyberk b. in 1777, died in 1862 in Schloßberg, Saksonia.
Son of Count Kazimierz Konstanty Plater [see WRONIAWY] and Izabela Ludwika Plater / Izabella Borch / IZABELA BORCH PLATER ZYBERK [see below]. Husband of Izabella Helena.
Brother of Ludwik August Plater [see below, b. 1775];
Jan Ferdynand Plater;
Stanislaw Broel-Plater Sr. born 1784 [see below];
Kazimierz Ignacy Broel-Plater / IGNACY BROEL PLATER;
Viktoria Augustina.

Stanislaw Plater Senior, b. 1784 in Dowgieliszki / Dawgieliszki, d. 1851 in Wroniawy or Wolsztyn / Wollstein, the Provinz of Posen, had brother Ludwik Plater [see below - born in 1775]. STANISLAW b. in Daugieliszki in 1784; Polish geographer, geologist, historian, the author of numerous publications. Stanislaw Plater, Senior, was an officer in 1806 to 1815, then lived in Posen and Paris for a long time. He was known as historian and antiquarian.
Keblowo, the church was built by owners of Wroniawy: Stanislaw Plater and his son Stanislaw junior.

Stanislaw Plater, junior, was the son of named Stanislaw Broel-Plater and Antonina Gajewski of Blociszew, he was born in 1822 in Paryz / PARIS. Plater (Broel-Plater) Stanislaw (1822-1890), junior, was the landowner, political activist, in 1850 was member of the Polish League; 1858 to 1863 he was a member of the Prussian parliament, from the district of Leszno, then in the Poznan-Oborniki.
Married (1848) KATARZYNA MIELZYNSKA / Catherine Mielzynski (1828-1899), daughter of MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI.
Above Katarzyna Broel-Plater b. 1828 in above Chobienice, the Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland; d. 1899 in Warsaw, daughter of Count Maciej Mielzynski
[Maciej Mielzynski 1799 - 1870, son of hrabia Józef Mielzynski and Franciszka NIEMOJOWSKA]
and Konstancja Mielzynska daughter of PROKOP MIELZYNSKI [see MERKEL].

Katarzyna was the wife of Stanislaw Broel-Plater Jr.; sister of Karol Ignacy Mielzynski and Gabriela Koncza.

Above Ludwik / Ludwig Plater (1775 in Kraslaw, Livonia / Polish Inflanty, d. 1846 in Posen / POZNAN) was a Polish patriot. Count Plater came from the German baltic noble family; MASON; in 1794 he took part as a volunteer in the Kosciuszko uprising and became adjutant of General Karol Sierakowski. In 1815 he joined the Polish State Council, in 1830 he co-operated with Karol Kniaziewicz in Paris, his estates were confiscated; he stayed first in Paris, where he became Vice- President of the Literary Society, and moved to POZNAN / Posen in 1840, where he died in 1846.
Named above Kraslava / Kreslau / Kraslaw, at half way from DYNEBURG to Wierchniedzwinsk - DRYSSA - see SWOLNA};

POCIEJ;

Jan Poniatowski 1760/1770 - d. after 1823

{Kulczyny in 1753, Antoni Lubomirski took; then his son Marcin. Before 1775 Kulczyny belonged to Ignacy Poniatowski, General Adjutant (1776), m. Anna Malachowska.
Ignacy Poniatowski / Ignacy Józef, 1707 / 1730 - 1796, in 1788 official in Lublin; the brother of Stanislaw, SENIOR; the son of NIKODEM Poniatowski / Nikodem Tadeusz Poniatowski, the official in MSCISLAW, b. ca 1690, m. Franciszka Skórkowska;
Ignacy Poniatowski, moved home from Poniatowo to Volhynia, m. Anna Jaksa Malachowska / Anna de Malachowo Malachowska, the daughter of Lukasz. Ignacy Poniatowski, had two sons:
Jan Poniatowski, CONSPIRATOR;
and Józef Poniatowski, 1762 - 1845 + Julia Grocholska the daughter of Franciszek Ksawery GROCHOLSKI.
Jozef's daughter: Matylda Poniatowska b. ca 1800 in Tahancza, d. 1887 in Geneva + Józef Szymanowski

[his 2nd marriage; b. 1778/1779 in KASKI - see The TEMPLARS].

Filipina Szymanowska that is Filipina Brzezinska-Szymanowska (1800 - 1886) was a Polish pianist and composer, daughter of Franciszek Szymanowski / Franco Francis Szymanowski {b. ca 1770/1780} and Agatha / AGATA Wolowska. FILIPINA was sister-in-law of the composer Maria Szymanowska ("szwagierka" or "bratowa" = sister-in-law).
Named above Maria Szymanowska born Marianna Agata Wolowska in Warsaw, 1789, died in 1831, St. Petersburg, Russia; was a Polish composer and one of the first professional virtuoso pianists of the 19th century.
Marianna Agata Wolowska was daughter of Franciszek Wolowski, a landlord and a brewer. Her mother [1st wife of Franciszek WOLOWSKI ?] - Barbara LANCKORONSKA, 1780 - 1849 / 1850? Barbara was the daughter of unknown Lanckoronski [Barbara maybe was the daughter of Jan Lanckoronski of Brzezie, officer of Nur, 1746-1791, and Maria Anna Januszkiewicz b. 1755; Barbara was sister of: Antoni Józef Lanckoronski 1777-1850 m. Ewa Mecinska, and Julia Barbara Lanckoronska 1779-1846 m. Jakub Jerzy Antoni Dunin- Borkowski].
Marianna Agata Wolowska m. 1810 in Warsaw to Józef Szymanowski, with whom she had three children while living in Poland: Helena (1811–61), who married a man named Malewski, and twins: Celina (1812–55), who married Adam Mickiewicz, and Romuald (1812–40), who became an engineer; children remained with Maria after
her separation from Szymanowski in 1820. The marriage ended in divorce.
Józef Szymanowski died in 1832. Józef Szymanowski was born ca 1778/1779.

Franciszek Szymanowski / Franco Francis Szymanowski b. ca 1770/1780, Michal Szymanowski b. ca 1770/1780, and named here Józef Szymanowski was born in 1778 / 1779 in KASKI, were brothers - acc. to me.

Józef Poniatowski (1762-1845), Colonel, m. JULIA Grocholska.
His brother Jan Poniatowski b. ca 1770 - died after 1823, Colonel, m. Honorata Jastrzebska, jailed for activities of the Patriotic Society. After the death of Ignacy Poniatowski - Kulczyny / Kulczyna was given to Jan Poniatowski, and after his death, the estate passed onto the only daughter Otylda, married to Adolf Grocholski, and later divorced.
Otylda Grocholska died after 1860. Kulczyn was returned to her family as a legacy of Cezary Poniatowski (born in 1803 - died after 1864), one of the five sons of Józef; Cezary married to Olga Swiejkowska.
Cezary and Olga Poniatowski sold Kulczyna to Wolkonski};

Przeciszewski;

KAROL PROZOR;

Kazimierz PULAWSKI

{Konstanty Tyzenhauz born in 1786, in Zoludek, Count, landowner, painter, was the son of Ignacy TYZENHAUZ and Anna / Marianna Bieganska. Waleria Tyzenhauz, born Wankowicz, in 1800 / 1805 - 1841 / 1843, was the daughter of Antoni Wankowicz and Anna Soltan b. 1780. Waleria married Konstanty Tyzenhauz in 1822.
IGNACY b. 1760 - d. 1822, the brother of
Tadeusz Tyzenhauz;
half brother of Kasper Tyzenhauz;
Teresa Oskierka;
Benedykt Tyzenhauz junior;
Antoni Tyzenhauz;
Teresa.
IGNACY was the son of Michal Ludwik Tyzenhauz.

Barbara Gielgud Tyzenhauz nee Judycka, ca 1740 [not in 1720 !] - 1784, was the wife of Antoni Onufry Gielgud and KAZIMIERZ TYZENHAUZ / Kazimieras Tyzenhauzas, and the mother of
MIKOLAJ GIELGUD
[Mikolaj Gielgud / Mykolas Gelgaudas, born in 1768 in Warsaw, died 1813, was the son of Antoni Onufry Gielgud and Barbara Tyzenhauz],
Antonina von Rönne
[Antonina von Rönne nee Gielgud, born ca 1770, daughter of above named Antoni Onufry Gielgud and Barbara Gielgud Tyzenhauz; she was the wife of Felix von Rönne and mother of Antoni von Rönne; Maria Tekla Oginska; Ludwika von Rönne; Feliks Filip von Rönne and Teodora Oginska]
and ZOFIA TYZENHAUZ / Sofija Tyzenhauziene - Zofia Tyzenhauz
[?? - born ca 1790; acc. to me ca 1780] m. ca 1810 to Oktawiusz Antoine / Oktaw de Choiseul-Gouffier, 1773-1840, with son Aleksander Ignacy Choiseul-Gouffier m. Zofia Hutten-Czapska.
ZOFIA TYZENHAUZ m. 2nd to Antoni Tyzenhauz (1756-1816), General, in 1792 was the president of Wilno, MP in 1790, member of the 1794 Uprising.

KAZIMIERZ Tyzenhauz / Kazimieras Tyzenhauzas [see above] b. ca 1740 - son of Benedykt Tyzenhauz SENIOR - was the husband of above Barbara Gielgud, and father of ZOFIA Tyzenhauziene. Kazimierz Tyzenhauz was the brother of Barbara Wawrzecka; Benedykta Niezabitowska; Aleksandra Anna Morykoni; Teresa Tyzenhauz, and Magdalena Maria Ewa Walewska.
Named above Magdalena Maria Ewa Tyzenhauz-Walewska, was the wife of Anastazy Walewski / Colonna-Walewski, b. ca 1730, died in 1815 in Walewice [or Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815], close to Lowicz.
Atanazy Colonna-Walewski was the son of Józef Kazimierz Walewski and Ludwika;
husband of Magdalena Maria Ewa Tyzenhauz
and Joanna PULASKI daughter of Jozef PULASKI;
ex-husband of Marie d'Ornano; father of Ksawery Walewski, Teresa Walewska, Józefa Witkowska and Antoni Bazyli Rudolf Walewski; brother of Teodora Walewska.

Named above Anna nee Pulaska / Joanna Pulaska, b. 1742 in Grabowo, was the daughter of Józef Pulaski; she was the sister of KAZIMIERZ PULASKI / Casimir Pulaski, US Revolutionary Hero, the Polish conspirator.

Teodora Ludwika Walewska, Marianna Radolinska and Józef Kazimierz Colonna Walewski b. ca 1710, d. 1763 (he had son Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815 and daughter Jadwiga Walewska who married in 1762 in Bielawy to Michal / Michael Walewski 1735 / 1740 - 1806) were children of Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia.
FRANCISZEK Walewski born ca 1675 / 1690, died 1745, owner of Rusiec, Wieruszów (before him to the Mecinski family), Dabrówka, Jastrzebice, Broszecin, Wola Wiazowa, Lesniaki (Franciszek Walewski had son Aleksander), married 3rd in 1737 to above Teodora Ludwika Walewska (b. ca 1710), daughter of above Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia Radolinska 1677 - 1723}

Konstantyn Radziwill;

Skibicki;

Stanislaw Soltan;

ADAM SOLTAN;

Jozef STRUMILLO;

Karol Wagner;

Woynillowicz;

Zagorski;

Jozef Kaleski;

Tomasz ZAN,

Zapolski

{Ewa Cydzik was 1st married to Jan Konstantynowicz b. ca 1832/1833 - d. ca 1874 / 1877, the son of Jan Konstantynowicz senior (1804-1806) of TOLOCZKI, and Maryanna Zapolski, the daughter of SIEMION ZAPOLSKI.

And we back now again to De Mohrenschildt who was born
Jerzy Sergius von Mohrenschildt in MOZYRZ / Mozyr (see Bulhak family and Ipohorski) in Belarus, in 1911. He had an older brother, Dimitri / Dymitr. His father was Sergey Alexandrovich von Mohrenschildt; his mother,
Alexandra / Aleksandra Zopalsky / ALEKSANDRA ZAPOLSKA, of Polish descent.
Sergey von Mohrenschildt was a Marshal of Nobility of the Minsk Province 1913 - 1917 (see Karol Hutten - Czapski and Duflon & Konstantynowicz in Minsk), and an Actual Civil Councilor; 1920, Sergy von Mohrenschildt was arrested by the Bolsheviks; while awaiting transport to Veliky Ustyug, Sergey became ill. The Soviet government released Sergey, his wife and De Mohrenschildt then fled to Poland; De Mohrenschildt's older brother Dimitri was awaiting execution but was later released in a prisoner exchange in Poland; Alexandra died ca 1922 in Poland.
Alexandra Gapolski / Zapolska born 13.5.1879 / 25.5.1879; Aleksandra's husband - occupation: the County marshal in Mozyrz / Mozir in 1911; County marshal in Minsk in 1914 - 1915 or 1913 to 1917; description: Minsk office in 1911};

IGNACY ZAWISZA.

Conspirator, Ignacy Zawisza of Kowno in all probability is Ignacy Zawisza-Dowgiallo, b. 1774, died in 1833; the son of Teresa Zawisza-Dowgiallo
(Teresa Burzynska b. ca 1740, the daughter of Stanislaw Antoni Burzynski b. 1701, died in 1775. The graddaughter of ELZBIETA BUTLER, BURZYNSKA),
and Stanislaw Zawisza b. ca 1740,
the grandson of - ? - Ignacy Zawisza senior b. ca 1720.
Ignacy Zawisza Dowgiallo, senior, d. 1798, a land judge of Kaunas in 1765-1782, an official in 1754-1765; inf. 1764 in the Kowno county;
Ignacy Zawisza, was the owner of Czewkowce / Ciolkowce in Podolia, the Kamieniec Podolski area, in 1774.

Named Ignacy Zawisza-Dowgiallo, junior, 1774 - 1833, had the daughter:
Leokadia Zawisza, b. ca 1800 - d. in 1829 + Stanislaw Gieysztor 1800-1834 [see below the genealogy]; and they had a son
Jakub Konstanty Wilhelm Gieysztor 1827-1897

[JAKUB Gieysztor was the son of Stanislaw GIEYSZTOR, a member of the insurgent Kaunas committee in 1831 and Leokadia Zawisza-Dowgiallo Gieysztor. Jakub in 1844 was graduated with the Noble Institute in Vilnius and began studies at the St. Petersburg University, where he came into contact with Zygmunt Sierakowski. In 1848, he returned to Lithuania, to stop insurgents, including the so-called conspiracy of the Dalewski brothers. He settled in Ignacogród.
In 1863, Jakub became the president of the Provinces of Lithuania. On July 31, 1863, he was arrested due to the denunciation of the Vilnius province governor Alexander Domeyko.
In 1865, sentenced to 12 years of hard work in Usol, in 1868 he was transferred to Irkutsk; in 1872 he returned to the country
and settled in Suwalki, then in Warsaw].

Jakub was twice married: 1st to Tekla ZAWISZA in 1851, with 5 sons [Tekla was the late daughter of named above Ignacy Zawisza-Dowgiallo 1774-1833; Tekla was born ca 1825]; 2nd to Helena Eysmont in 1877 with two sons.

Named Stanislaw Gieysztor 1800-1834, had parents: Jakub Gieysztor SENIOR, 1764-1804 + Anna Gasecka 1770-1837; the grandparents:
Stanislaw Gieysztor b. ca 1730 + Marianna Zaleska [the daughter of Stanislaw ZALESKI and unknown Maslowska];
the great-grandparents:
Antoni Gieysztor 1700-1744; Stanislaw Zaleski; and Anna Maslowska [the wife of ANTONI GIEYSZTOR d. 1744] born 1698 -
note:
Maslowski Andrzej with Katarzyna Chmielinska had daughter
Anna Zofia Maslowska / Anna Maslowska, b. 1698, owner of Lubojnia [LUBOJNA - 8 km east to KAMYK of Kiedrzynski ! and 9 km west to KOSCIELEC of Madalinski].

We back to
Jan Myszkowski, 1695 - 1730, owner of Galewice, m. before 1718 to Katarzyna Barbara Maslowska 1695 - before 1788, she was 2 voto to Antoni Ignacy Szeliski who died before 1788; she was daughter of Andrzej Maslowski born ca 1665 / 1670, officer in Wielun,
son of Adam Maslowski (died after 1692), and Urszula Bielska.
Above JAN Myszkowski had son Karol Myszkowski b. in 1723 in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - died in 1779 / 1784 [godfather was Jan Maslowski, and his wife Jadwiga nee Myszkowska].

KAROL Myszkowski was the owner of Galewice, Tokary, Gozdów
[TOKARY 5 km nort-west to Gluchow; and GOZDOW west to GLUCHOW, at way to BEDZIECHOW and to Zdzary - see Kiedrzynski, Konopnicki, Pstrokonski],
Police,
but was living in Galewice in 1757 - 60, Captain in 1761.
KAROL Myszkowski m. Justyna Niwska died after 1802, owner of Gostyczyna; Justyna Niwska-Myszkowska sold Gostyczyna in 1801; Justyna was the daughter of Piotr Niwski d. 1763, owner of Gostyczyna (in 1751; 10 km south to KALISZ), Milejów [2 km north- east to TOKARY], and Tokary

[Jan Myszkowski, 1695 - 1730, owner of Galewice, m. before 1718 to Katarzyna Barbara Maslowska 1695 - before 1788, she was 2 voto to Antoni Ignacy Szeliski who died before 1788; she was daughter of Andrzej Maslowski born ca 1665 / 1670, officer in Wielun, son of Adam Maslowski (died after 1692), and Urszula Bielska. Above JAN Myszkowski had son Karol Myszkowski b. in 1723 in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - died in 1779 / 1784].

HIERONIM Myszkowski b. ca 1550, died after 1577 [he was the son of Hieronim senior b. ca 1500, and grandson of Marcin Myszkowski b. ca 1448, and Zuzanna LASKI; Marcin was born 1448, son of Piotr Myszkowski and Agnieszka KOBYLANSKA];
had son
Waclaw Myszkowski b. ca 1600 - died in 1663/1666 + Zofia Podczaszanka Mirzowska;
and grandson
Mikolaj Myszkowski (1640, bpt in Kozieglówki, 3 km south-east to Kozieglowy, south of Czestochowa - d. 1713) owner of Dabrowa, and Galewice (from hands of wife Aleksadra Grodzicki), married also to unknown Anna,
with the son
Jan Myszkowski (ca 1695 - d. 1730, Galewice), owner of Galewice.

WOLA WIAZOWA and the "Kiedrzynskis" - Maslowski - Pradzynski - Walewski:

Andrzej Maslowski born ca 1665 / 1670, officer in Wielun, died after 1692, married Urszula Bielska.

Below on Wodziczna / Wodzicze - 3 km south to Pomiany; 4 km south-east to TRZCINICA; 5 km north-east to the ex-Silesian-Austrian border:

Jadwiga Myszkowska [b. ca 1675] m. 1st to Stefan Golygowski / Golyglowski, Goligowski, owner of Pomiany and Wodzicze / WODZICZNA; in 1689 - 1692, Stefan Golychowski / Golyglowski lease village Kurow in the Wielun county [7 km north to MOKRSKO; 4 km north-west to TUROW; west of WIELUN; also see KIEDRZYNSKI], next of kin to Franciszka Antonina Trzcinska, b. 1693, in Trzcinica; in 1692 named Kurow lease Michal Myszkowski of Dabrowa.

Named Andrzej Maslowski 1660 / 1665 / 1670 - d. 1720 / 1742, was the owner of Ruda close to Wielun [south-east to Wielun, 5 km], Mierzyce, Toporów, Przewóz; he lived in Pomiany close to Trzcinica

[POMIANY, 2 km to east of Trzcinica - 18 km south to KEPNO in Poland to 1793, in the Wielun county; Trzcinica was owned to 1812 by the Trzcinski family; then to German family. Is situated 12 km south to GREBANIN - see Kreski and Kiedrzynski, in the Ostrzeszow county, in 1793 to Prussia. 1807 to the Duchy of Warsaw. But Wieruszow in 1815 to Russia. BRALIN was in Silesia; but TRZCINICA was 10 km east to the Silesia ex-border],

1st wife of Andrzej Maslowski in 1695 was Katarzyna Chmielinska, daughter of Piotr CHMIELINSKI.
Maslowski Andrzej with Katarzyna Chmielinska had children:

1. Anna Zofia Maslowska, b. 1698, owner of Lubojnia [LUBOJNA - 8 km east to KAMYK of Kiedrzynski ! and 9 km west to KOSCIELEC of Madalinski], married Antoni Gieysztor 1700-1744.

2. Krystyna m. an owner of Strzyzew / Strzyzewo,

3. Jadwiga Aleksandra b. 1699 m. Pawel Fundament Karsnicki,
4. Katarzyna Barbara,
5. Róza,
6. Jan Chryzostom owner of Rudniki, and Malyszyn [7 km north-east to WIELUN - see KUROW; north to Ruda],
7. Karol Boromeusz MASLOWSKI - owner of Stronsk / STRONSKO, d. 1795, officer in Ostrzeszow, m. Jadwiga Karsnicka = GERTRUDA KARSNICKA,
with
A. Kunegunda Ewa Anna Maslowska b. 1743 in Ruda m. 1759-1764, to Franciszek Ksawery Walewski the owner of Wola Wiazowa, son of Franciszek Walewski and Teodora Walewska.
B.
In the Rudlice parish, in 1746, in Ostrówek, Ksawery August Józef Maslowski was born - the son of Karol Maslowski official in WIELUN + Gertruda Karsnicki Maslowski; godparents: Pawel Karsnicki official in Ostrzeszow and Teresa Wieloglowski married Bleszynska.

Franciszek Walewski / Franciszek Ksawery Walewski, 1739 - 1796, an official in Ostrzeszow in 1765, 1772, 1775, 1778 - 1796; in 1781 the owner of Wola Wiazowa;
he m. in 1784, in the Kobyla Góra parish, in MYSLNIEW, 4 km to Silesia, to Konstancja Psarska b. before 1770, daughter of Fryderyk Jakub Psarski 1730-1805 and his wife Ksawera Franciszka Bardzinska, 1753-1814.

Franciszek Ksawery Walewski, 1739 - 1796, was married three times:
1.
TERESA NIEMOJOWSKA-PSARSKA, b. ca 1730 - a marriage in 1760;
2.
unknown - marriage ca 1778 [that is the marriage in 1759-64, to Kunegunda Ewa Anna Maslowska b. 1743 in Ruda];
3.
and in 1779 or in 1784, in Myslniew, west to Ostrzeszow, to Konstancja Psarska a daughter of Fryderyk Jakub Psarski.

Franciszek Ksawery Walewski owner of Wola Wiazowa, was the son of Franciszek Walewski with his 3rd wife [a marriage in STRONSKO]. Franciszek senior was born ca 1675 / 1690 / 1710 - died in 1745 in Rusiec; the 3rd wife was Teodora Walewska.

Franciszek Walewski from the 1st marriage had also a son Aleksander Walewski, official in Piotrków (1778), in Rozprza (1748), in Cracow in 1740, married Elzbieta Mecinska of Wieruszow and JEDLNO [see Izydor Kiedrzynski]!

We back to
Jan Myszkowski, 1695 - 1730, owner of Galewice, m. before 1718 to Katarzyna Barbara Maslowska 1695 - before 1788, she was 2 voto to Antoni Ignacy Szeliski who died before 1788;
she was daughter of Andrzej Maslowski born ca 1665 / 1670, officer in Wielun,
son of Adam Maslowski (died after 1692), and Urszula Bielska.

Above JAN Myszkowski had son Karol Myszkowski b. in 1723 in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - died in 1779 / 1784 [godfather was Jan Maslowski, and his wife Jadwiga nee Myszkowska].

KAROL Myszkowski was the owner of Galewice, Tokary, Gozdów

[TOKARY 5 km nort-west to Gluchow; and GOZDOW west to GLUCHOW, at way to BEDZIECHOW and to Zdzary - see Kiedrzynski, Konopnicki, Pstrokonski],
Police,
but was living in Galewice in 1757 - 60, Captain in 1761.
KAROL Myszkowski m. Justyna Niwska died after 1802, owner of Gostyczyna; Justyna Niwska-Myszkowska sold Gostyczyna in 1801; Justyna was the daughter of Piotr Niwski d. 1763, owner of Gostyczyna (in 1751; 10 km south to KALISZ), Milejów [2 km north- east to TOKARY], and Tokary
[Jan Myszkowski, 1695 - 1730, owner of Galewice, m. before 1718 to Katarzyna Barbara Maslowska 1695 - before 1788, she was 2 voto to Antoni Ignacy Szeliski who died before 1788; she was daughter of Andrzej Maslowski born ca 1665 / 1670, officer in Wielun, son of Adam Maslowski (died after 1692), and Urszula Bielska. Above JAN Myszkowski had son Karol Myszkowski b. in 1723 in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - died in 1779 / 1784].

HIERONIM Myszkowski b. ca 1550, died after 1577 [he was the son of Hieronim senior b. ca 1500, and grandson of Marcin Myszkowski b. ca 1448, and Zuzanna LASKI; Marcin was born 1448, son of Piotr Myszkowski and Agnieszka KOBYLANSKA];
with son
Waclaw Myszkowski b. ca 1600 - died in 1663/1666 + Zofia Podczaszanka Mirzowska;
and grandson
Mikolaj Myszkowski (1640, bpt in Kozieglówki, 3 km south-east to Kozieglowy, south of Czestochowa - d. 1713) owner of Dabrowa, and Galewice (from hands of wife Aleksadra Grodzicki), married also to unknown Anna,
with the son
Jan Myszkowski (ca 1695 - d. 1730, Galewice), owner of Galewice.

See:
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szaniawski (b. 1816 in Gronów, 9 km east to ZLOCZEW and 18 km west to Widawa), owner of Kroczyce [17 km south to LELOW; close to Lgota Murowana], and Malowana Wola;
was the son of Jan Kanty Szaniawski (ca 1764 - d. 1839), owner of Ochle [at half way from Widawa to Wola Wiazowa; 9 km west to RESTARZEW], Gromadzice in the Wielun county [6 km north-west to Maslowice; 11 km north to WIELUN]; and Agnieszka Psarska b. ca 1770 - d. after 1844, in 1803 she was single and she was living in Radoszowice close to Osjaków [RADOSZEWICE - 9 km south-east to OSJAKOW or Radoszowice], daughter of Wladyslaw Psarski, granddaughter of Franciszek Ksawery PSARSKI.

We back to MYSZKOWSKI:

Mikolaj Myszkowski (1640 - d. 1713), the owner of Dabrowa and Galewice; m. Anna; they had son
Jan Myszkowski (b. ca 1695 - d. 1730 in Galewice), official in Wenden, the owner of Galewice;
JAN married Katarzyna Barbara Maslowska b. ca 1695 - d. after 1754, daughter of Andrzej Maslowski b. ca 1670 - d. before 1742, official in Wielun; ANDRZEJ Maslowski was the son of Adam Maslowski and Urszula Bielska. the wife of named ANDRZEJ was Katarzyna Chmielinska / Chmielewska.

Above JAN had son
Karol Myszkowski b. in 1723 in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - died in 1779 / 1784,
godfather was Jan Maslowski, and his wife Jadwiga nee Myszkowska;
KAROL MYSZKOWSKI was the owner of Galewice, Tokary, Gozdów
[TOKARY 5 km nort-west to Gluchow; and GOZDOW west to GLUCHOW, at way to BEDZIECHOW and to Zdzary - see Kiedrzynski, Konopnicki, Pstrokonski],
Police, but was living in Galewice in 1757 - 60, Captain in 1761. KAROL Myszkowski m. Justyna Niwska died after 1802, owner of Gostyczyna; Justyna Niwska-Myszkowska sold Gostyczyna in 1801;
Justyna was the daughter of Piotr Niwski d. 1763, owner of Gostyczyna (in 1751; 10 km south to KALISZ), Milejów [2 km north- east to TOKARY], and Tokary.

Son of named KAROL Myszkowski:

Cyprian Justyn Franciszek Myszkowski b. 1763, in Galewice, bpt. in Cieszecin - d. in above Tokary - close to GLUCHOW;
and grandson of KAROL MYSZKOWSKI:
Adam Ignacy Ananiasz Myszkowski, b. 1804, Tokary - d. 1864, Warszawa, owner of Kustrzyce, Przymilów and mentioned Milejów; in 1833 owner of Rojków.

Compare - Andrzej Milkowski b. ca 1770 - d. after 1831/1849, official in Wschowa; the owner of Macew [17 km north-west to KALISZ], and Milejów.

Compare:
Swiato Jeziory / Swietojeziory / Šventežeris - in the Sejny district, a region of Lozdzieje, located about 9 km east to LOZDZIEJE. In the 18th century, belonged to Dominik Radziwill. Then, Swietojeziory / Šventežeris to Mikolaj Myszkowski until 1863.
Then the estate broke up on a few parts. The farm passed to Mendel Burak.
That is Mikolaj Myszkowski (b. in 1806, in the Doruchów parish, 13 km east to OSTRZESZOW ! - in Przytocznica 4 km north-west to Doruchów. See SUWALKI !).
He was the son of Hipolit Ignacy Karol Myszkowski (1760 in Komorniki close to Poznan - d. 1828, Zapolice, 3 km east to STRONSKO; in the Stronsko parish - 9 km south-west to Zdunska Wola);
the grandson of WOJCIECH who had 4 wives;
named Wojciech Stanislaw Myszkowski (b. 1727, Galewice, bpt in Cieszecin - d. 1795, Galewice) was the brother of Karol Myszkowski b. 1723, Galewice {godfather was Jan Maslowski + Jadwiga Maslowska-Myszkowska};
the great-grandson of Jan Myszkowski b. 1695 - d. 1730, Galewice, official in Wenden, the owner of Galewice, north-east to Wieruszow and CHOBANIN;
who was the son of
Mikolaj Myszkowski (1640 - 1713), the owner of Dabrowa / Dabrowka [4 km east to Galewice] and Galewice; m. Anna.

Mentioned above Mikolaj Myszkowski, 1640-1713, owner of Ruda close to Wielun [5 km south-east to WIELUN; east to MOKRSKO ! - see Jan Paszkowski], and Galewice [13 km north-east to WIERUSZOW], m. Aleksandra Grodzicka, 1640 - 1668, with:

1. Chryzostom Mikolaj Myszkowski, born ca 1675 or b. 1665-1709 m. Jadwiga Karsnicka of Wielun,

2. Jadwiga Myszkowska, died in 1725 m. Stefan Golygowski owner of Kurow (see Kiedrzynski) [8 km west to WIELUN],

3. Elzbieta Myszkowska m. before 1692 to Adam Kiedrzynski.

Elzbieta Myszkowska b. ca 1675, d. before 1724, m. Adam Kiedrzynski b. ca 1660 / 1670, but in 1724 Eleonora Rozdrazewska was widow after death of Adam Kiedrzynski; Eleonora was then wife of Jan Relo.

The brother of named JADWIGA and ELZBIETA was [previously mistaken] Mikolaj / Chryzostom Mikolaj Myszkowski b. ca 1675 - d. 1709, the owner of Galewice [13 km north-east to WIERUSZOW], married in 1702 in Kruszyna north-east to Czestochowa [east to Cykarzew; 13 km north-east to KOSCIELEC of MADALINSKI].

Karol Maslowski, official in Wielun, m. Gertruda Karsnicki Maslowski.

They had bpt. in Rudlice in 1743, the daughter Kunegunda Ewa Anna. Kunegunda Ewa Anna Maslowska b. 1743 in Ruda
[RUDA was the estate of MASLOWSKI: Piotr Maslowski the owner of Maslowice, Mierzyce and Ruda in the Wielun county; Piotr was the official in WIELUN, 1527-1561],
baptis. in Rudlice [19 km north to WIELUN], m. Franciszek Ksawery Walewski b. ca 1740, owner of Wola Wiazowa, son of Franciszek Walewski and Teodora Walewska. Above Franciszek Walewski officer in Rozprza, 1710-1745, wife Teodora Walewska b. 1710. His son Ksawery Franciszek Walewski officer in Ostrzeszów, 1739 / 1740-1796.

WOLA WIAZOWA owned by the Walewskis in the 18th cent.,
they founded in 1781 a church. In 1885 estate included Wola Wiazowa, Wincentów, Stanislawów, Deby, and owned by Pradzynski:
1.
Stanislaw Kostka Pradzynski / Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [born in Pacholewo, died in Poznan; owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and his wife BRONIKOWSKA;
2.
then named Wola Wiazowa was taken by his son Wincenty Pradzynski
[that is Wincenty Józef Pradzynski], died 1858 in Warszawa

(Wincenty's brother: Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski {b. 1792 in Sanniki; General}.
Wincenty was born on April 5, 1795, in Iwno / IWNIE close to Kostrzyn. His wife Salomea was born on November 19, 1790, in Wasosz)

and his wife Salomea Mierzynska b. 1799

[the sons of named Wincenty Jozef Pradzynski, 1795-1858:
A. Stanislaw Wincenty Pradzynski / Stanislaw Pradzynski, 1828-1855 in WOLA WIAZOWA;
B. Wincenty Boleslaw Pradzynski born in 1839, d. 1895;
C. Edward Emilian Julian Pradzynski b. 1838 in Leznica Wielka - died in 1895 in WOLA WIAZOWA + Maria Skorzewska

{a case of excise duty on spirits, which was supposed to be exported abroad (to Prussia ?) in Piotrkow in 1875 and in 1892; the owner of the distillery in Wola Wiazowna's estate, Edward Pradzynski, for the purpose of securing the excise tax due to him for export abroad spirits, presented a deposit in the general amount of 17,000 rs. In 1875 Pradzynski demanded from the excise manager in the Kalisz to return to him the deposit on the principle that the corresponding amount of spirits was supposedly from his distillery exported abroad.
A court case in 1893 - Maria Pradzynska vs. Edward Pradzynski
(compare the life of A. MATEUSZ "KIEDRZYNSKI" of Wola Wiazowa - a trade in alcohol, snuff, cigars, lubricants to Prussia. B. And Gabriel Kiedrzynski / Gabryel Kiedrzynski of Jedlno and Wola Wiazowa - 1831/1832 to April 1832 abroad ?; C. and Jan "Kiedrzynski" of Wola Wiazowa and Wola Pszczolecka, come from named Gabryel)};

D. Boleslaw Jan Pradzynski, 1842-1855, and

E. Wladyslaw Pradzynski 1837-1898 lived in LEZNICA WIELKA close to Leczyca + Anna Skrzynska].

3.
Stanislaw Pradzynski 1828-1855, a single, son of Wincenty and Salomea born Mierzynska; Stanislaw died in Wola Wiazowa in 1855.

In 1858, Wincenty Pradzynski died, the owner of Kobierzycko [at half way from BLASZKI to Sieradz; the Wróblew parish, 3 km to KOBIERZYCKO] and of Wola Wiazowa / Wola Wiezowa; Wincenty-Józef-Grzymala Pradzynski, was the Actual Counselor of State; died in Warsaw on 19 November 1858.

In 1863 in the Wola Wiazowa manor was secret printing house of Feliks Kicki.

4.
1892 - Wola Wiazowa belonged to Pradzynski [see above on Edward Emilian Julian Pradzynski b. 1838 in Leznica Wielka - died in 1895 in WOLA WIAZOWA + Maria Skorzewska].

BIEGANIN - 21 south-east-south to ORPISZEWEK; 18 south-east to DOBRZYCA.

The BARDZKI / Bardski family and MIELESZYN

[Antoni Szaniawski married 1st to Konkordia Lipinska in the Mieleszyn parish; in named Mieleszyn in July 1776, Antoni Szaniawski married second to Joanna nee Szczepkowski, 1 voto Tymieniecka. The Parish of St Mary Magdalene in Mieleszyn - the Roman Catholic parish belonging to the Boleslawiec deanery of the diocese of Kalisz. Mieleszyn - near to Wieruszow, is situated close to CHOBOT; 9 km south-east to Wieruszow; south to CHOBANIN; east to MROCZEN and OPATOW.
Jan Kanty Szaniawski was born in 1764 or 1760, to Józef Tomasz Szaniawski and Zofia Podczaska. Józef Szaniawski was born in 1734, in Galewice near Wieruszow. Jan Kanty Szaniawski, 1764 - 1835 / 1836 or died in 1839, married Agnieszka Psarski, born in 1780. They had son Teofil Kazimierz Szaniawski. Jan Kanty Szaniawski (1764-1836) was the Attorney in Wielun.
Named Józef SZANIAWSKI was born on March 6, 1734, in Galewice. GALEWICE 18 km north-east-north to MIELESZYN ! Close to CHOBANIN. Above Józef Szaniawski was born in 1734, in Galewice, was the brother {?} of above ANTONI SZANIAWSKI, b. ca 1730, who married close to WIERUSZOW - Mieleszyn, close to CHOBOT; 9 km south-east to Wieruszow. South to CHOBANIN; east to MROCZEN and OPATOW. Died in 1792. JOZEF Szaniawski was the son of Kazimierz Szaniawski and Marianna]:

A. Pawel BARDZKI, 1690-1739, married in 1732, Anna Skorzewska, 1700-1744, the daughter of Andrzej and Dorota Choinski, with children:

[remember:
BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770 and she was 2nd married to Jakub Kiedrzynski. Wojciech Marek BARDZKI had parents:
Jan Bardzki died in 1724 + mother Helena Milaczewska d. 1724]:

1. Franciszek BARDZKI b. 1732 in Mieleszyn;
2. Katarzyna Elzbieta Dorota b. 1735 in JAGNIEWICE / Igniewice, north-west to GNIEZNO, and married to Józef Dobrolecki;
3. Ignacy Jan BARDZKI b. in Mieleszyn;
4. Józef Jan Nepomucen BARDZKI born in 1738, the Royal official, m. Anna Pawlowska,
with children:
a) Aleksandra;
b) Ludwika Franciszka m. Tadeusz Krzyzanowski, 2nd she married Antoni Feliks Lewinski the owner of Paprotna / Paprotnia;
c) Mateusz Bardzki - Colonel, b. ca 1783,
d) Marianna m. Ludwik Dembinski, owner of Liszkówka;

5. Andrzej BARDZKI b. in 1730 or ca 1738/1739
- not in 1743;
Colonel [note about Erazm Mycielski], owner of Kobierzycko [at half way from Sieradz to BLASZKI; close to TUBADZIN], bought from hands of Antoni Siemiatkowski,
m. Marianna Krzyzanowska, lived in Osmolin close to Zdunska Wola {or near Kiernozia ?}; children:
a) Michal Bardzki b. ca 1793, in Glinno [25 km north to SIERADZ, close to Warta],
b) Ludwika b. ca 1799, m. Józef Stanislawski,
c) Nepomucena m. Kalikst Byszewski,
d) Ignacy Wojciech Pawel BARDZKI, b. 1797 in Iwanowice, lived in Wróblew, the owner of Rojkow, m. in Stronsko, to Faustyna Sulimierska, b. in 1799 in Stronsko
[by the Warta river; 18 km north-west to WIDAWA; 13 km west to MARZENIN],
the daughter of Ludwik Sulimierski and Marianna Kempista Sulimierska;
with children:
1. Romana Dobrochna Tekla, b. 1835 in Janowice [7 km south to Mikolajewice] near to Mikolajewice [4 km south-west to Lutomiersk],
2. Kandyd Brunon Franciszek BARDZKI - served the Russian Army in 1863,
3. Kamila Seweryna Ignacja,
4. August Ludwik Bardzki, b. 1827 in Rojków close to Marzenin [Marzenin - 19 km north-east to WIDAWA; Rojkow - 17 km north to Widawa],
5. Anna Balbina.

Mentioned above
Faustyna Sulimierska born ca 1799, in Stronsko, m. Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki, the owner of Janowice, close to SZADEK, inf. 1840, born 1797 - Iwanowice.
Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki -
his parents:
Andrzej Bardzki COLONEL, 1730-1819 and Marianna Marcjanna Krzyzanowska b. ca 1750;
the grandparents:
Pawel Bardzki 1690-1739; Anna Skórzewska 1700-1745; Stanislaw Krzyzanowski b. ca 1720; Dorota Bystram.

B.
Andrzej Bardzki, died in 1726, senior

[Above named Pawel Bardzki 1690-1739 + in 1732 to Anna Skórzewska 1700-1745, with the son Colonel ANDRZEJ BARDZKI, 1730-1819 {note - Erasmus Mycielski !} + Marianna Marcjanna Krzyzanowska with son Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki b. 1797 + Faustyna Sulimierska, with children: Józef Bardzki b. 1824; Kamilla Seweria Ignacja Bardzka; Kandyd Brunon Franciszek Bardzki; Romana Bardzka; Maksymilian Edward Bardzki];

C.
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770;
Stanislaw Bardzki born 1697;
Marianna Bardzka, 1707-1729;
elder brother Maciej Bardzki b. 1685;
Pawel Bardzki b. 1690 - d. 1739;
Antoni Bardzki d. 1738;
Kazimierz Bardzki d. 1738;
Katarzyna Bardzka died in 1742.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767. Her father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Brygida Bardzka Walknowska + JAKUB Kiedrzynski had two daughters:

1. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 / 1772-1811;

2. and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA ! - the family of the author to this domain].

Wojciech Marek BARDZKI had parents:
Jan Bardzki died in 1724 + mother Helena Milaczewska d. 1724.

The Bardzki family - Sulimierski - Kiedrzynski {Wilczkow, Orpiszewek, Wilkowo Polskie, Jedlno, Wola Wiazowa, Wola Pszczolecka, and also about Mariowka in the Opoczno county} - Mielzynski - Oginski / Kalinowski + Wolowski - Arnold - Kiedzynski lines + the Pradzynskis:

Acc. to Nejman:
Wojciech Sulimierski owner in 1728 of Losieniec, married to Dorota Trzebnicka, with son:
Józef Sulimierski d. 1787, m. Antonina Przeradzka; with children:
1. Jan died 1809,
2. Salomea;
3. Agnieszka m. Jan Kossobudzki;
4. Ludwik Sulimierski born ca 1758, died ca 1826, owner of Stronsko, m. to Marianna Julianna Kempista, daughter of Maciej Kempista and Joanna Szeliska, with children:
a) Faustyna born ca 1799, Stronsko, m. Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki;
b) Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski of Wesola and Tyczyn, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska;
with daughter Ewa Józefa born 1836 in Zielecice;
c) Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski married in 1829 to Petronela SZANIAWSKA - she was b. 1810 in Gromadzice, daughter of Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI b. ca 1764, owner of above Gromadzice, and Ochle, and Agnieszka Psarska [see below].

Jan Kanty Szaniawski (ca 1764 - 1839) had sons:
1. Józef Gabriel Szaniawski (born in 1805 in Gromadzice close to Wielun - d. 1879) married in 1841 to Aniela Zbijewska (b. 1816);
2. Jan Chryzostom Ignacy Szaniawski (born 1813, Gromadzice), owner of Chodaki in the Szadek county, and also owner of Kraszyn, and Zwiasty;
3. Ludwik Bartlomiej Szaniawski (b. 1816 in Gronów, the Sieradz county), owner of Kroczyce in the Lelów county and Malowana Wola (see above on Ignacy KIEDRZYNSKI)
and married in 1844 in Redziny to Aniela Rotkiewicz from Kroczyce (b. in 1824, Kroczyce - died 1860, Piotrków) daughter of Marianna Dobinska (Dabinska, Drabinska).

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720; JAKUB was the owner of Orpiszewek [Jakub was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko / ORPISZEWEK in 1809 (Orpiszewko was owned by the Kiedrzynskis);
with daughter Kunegunda Madalinska born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki Chrzanowska.

Jozef Madalinski was son of Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784 and Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740 or 1750 - 1784.

Jakub Kiedrzynski was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798. His two wives: Brygida Bardzka [in 1767]; and Julianna nee Bogdanska [ca 1788].

JAKUB'S brother was Kasper Kiedrzynski and IZYDOR Kiedrzynski!

MICHAL Arcichowski or Arciechowski Michal, b. ca 1717, inf. 1748, died in Chodziez [northern Grand Poland and close to ex-Prussian border !], in 1771. Before 1747 he was married to Antonine (Agnieszka ?) Golinska, d. before 1779, with son Anastazy, and daughters:
Marianna in 1779 m. to Kasper Kiedrzynski / KACPER KIEDRZYNSKI [see family of Izydor Kiedrzynski !];
Nepomucena in 1778 m. Zygmunt Grudzinski;
Michalina;
Karolina in 1779 was unmarried.

Arciechowski Józef Wojciech, b. in Milicz in 1785, Captain of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, landowner of Dziewoklucz in 1815, owned Margonin in 1817, m. in 1813 to Dominika Gembicka, daughter of Ignacy and Cecylia Kurdwanowska, divorced as Jaworowicz, b. ca 1784,
with son Jan, b. in Margonin in 1821,
and with daughter Monika, b. ca 1814, married in 1838 to Apolinary Kiedrzynski;
Eufemia, b. ca 1818 and died in 1820 in Margonin.

Margonin - 14 km east of above CHODZIEZ.

They were relatives of Marcin Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1715/1720, and they come from Jakob / Jakub Kiedrzynski senior b. ca 1675 - owner of Dymki in the Lututow parish since 1698, inf. 1709 Wielun. Dymki and Lututow - Dymki estate of the Kiedrzynskis is situated 5 km east of Lututow, in the Wieruszow county.

Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and Katarzyna MYCIELSKA GORZYCKA MIELZYNSKA

{MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki}

had children:
1. Elzbieta, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym;
2.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA + Antoni Walknowski

{Urszula Wierusz-Walknowska MIELZYNSKA, died in 1743;
URSZULA Walknowska Mielzynska was the half-sister of ANNA GORZYCKA.
Urszula was the mother of Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski - the husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKA
[BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770]
- see Jakub KIEDRZYNSKI junior}.

On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn Bardzki of Wrzesnia, died in 1793, and
Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and
Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
1. Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770

{in Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811; he was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw. Witness in 1798 was Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ},

and 2.
Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA ! - the family of the author to this domain].

3. Marianna Krystyna;
4.
and son Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; 1717 governor of Przemet.

MYCIELSKI - BARDZKI:

Andrzej Bardzki Colonel, 1730-1819 was the friend of ERAZM MYCIELSKI, acc. to my research.

On February 19, 1796, Erazm Mycielski went with Dabrowski from Warsaw to Berlin to discuss with French representatives, A. B. Caillard, and with P. Parandier, the project of establishing Polish military formations with the help of France. In Berlin, Erazm also was the representative of the Central Assembly in Warsaw.
After the arrest of members in April 1796, Mycielski destroyed the papers; then
he played a major role in the creation of a new secret organization - instructions were sent from Paris;
a proclamation of General Franciszek Rymkiewicz was calling for the unification of patriotic efforts.
Erazm Mycielski set up the secret congress in Warsaw in September / Oct. 1796. He also contacted General Karol Kniaziewicz. The Society was preparing in 1797-1799 and an armed uprising in the country based on France;
Erazm Mycielski visited the Great Poland, Kujawy, Leczyca, and Sieradz to expand the network of secret relationships, and organized an interviews. In February 1799 "he had more than two hundred people in the Great Poland".
He wrote about it to his friend Bardzki on 14 October 1799, that "... silence seem to dominate and that all hopes have gone up in smoke."
Erazm Mycielski died on February 28, 1800 in Kalisz.
Erazm left his wife Ludwika Bardzka [born ca 1760/1770; maybe the daughter of ANDRZEJ BARDZKI], perhaps of Mieleszyn - Kobierzyck origin, whom he married after the dispensation of the archbishop.
The widow remarried to Hilary Radzik in KALISZ.

Above HILARY RADZIK:

In Kuchary in 1811, Kazimiera Konstancja was born, daughter of Andrzej Milkowski and Marcjanna Pruski; with figures: Jakub Bilski + Konstancja Ryjska of Radzikow; assesor Hilary Radzik; Juljanna Milkowska the sister of Józef Milkowski; Prowidencja Radzikówna.

In Kuchary in 1812: Jakub Bielski the owner of Sliwnik and Juljanna Milkowska, the daughter of the owners of Macewo.

Kotlów in 1795:
Lazarz Adam Teofil, b. 1794, son of Stanislaw Wiesiolowski and Honorata Kielczewski; godparents: Adam Czernik of the Odolanow county, and Józefata Czernik Pracka.

Hilary Radzik the owner of Kaliszkowice Kaliskie, m. 1st to
Józefa Szelinska Karsznicka the owner of Chlewo.

There was a Franciscan monastery in Kalisz;
The monastery was owned by the Commission of Religious Affairs of the Kingdom of Poland. Others post-monastery buildings went through various fates after 1805. We also know that the property was bought by an city councilman Hilary Radzik from the commission and he continues to trade on them.

Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski

{see on
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; the son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
famous hero Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski,
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty Józef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.

Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
above Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847
[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797.

Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka.
Melchior's brother was named Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825}

with the son Andrzej Pradzynski 1794-1872
{born in KOWALEW / Kowalewo close to Pleszew, and 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK; close to Lutynia, Fabianow and KOTLIN. Died in 1872 in Zerkowo / ZERKOW close to Nowe Miasto by the WARTA river, and north to Jarocin, north-west to PLESZEW}.

BORZECKI:

Jan Borzecki, died before 1686, + Zofia Roznowski, d. before 1718, had sons:
Wladyslaw;
Jakub;
and daughter Regina m. in Gebice in 1715 to Jan Gintowt.
Above Wladyslaw in 1686 an official in Policko; m. Zofia Jablkowski, the daughter of Mikolaj and Elzbieta Radecki.
Wladyslaw bought in 1721 Debnie until 1736.
Above Jakub BORZECKI, son of named Jan, in 1702 married to Marianna Bardzka, the daughter of Piotr BARDZKI and Urszula Mlodziejowski, widoved after 1st husband Eliasz Birszynski.
Jakub had in 1705 Wegierki, from hands of Andrzej Roznowski.
In 1711-14 he took Dzierzazna (near Gebice).
Marianna Borzecka nee Bardzka was living before 1737 - close to Konin.
Jakub d. before 1740. His daughter Zofia in 1737 was a wife of Józef Jablkowski.
Jakub's sons:
Wojciech Józef;
and Jan Augustyn Borzecki,
Józef Jan, b. 1705 in Gozdowo.
Inf. about Wojciech Józef and Jan Augustyn in 1737 in Gebice; inf. in 1739. Wojciech Józef, the owner of Grotowy Wielkie and Male; Kleparz; Grzybowo; Stawie, inherited from BARDZKI;
he sold above estates in 1774 to General Pawel Józef Malachowski. He lived before 1777.

Faustyna Sulimierska born ca 1799, in Stronsko, m. Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki, the owner of Janowice, close to SZADEK, inf. 1840, born 1797 - Iwanowice.
Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki -
his parents:
Andrzej Bardzki COLONEL, 1730-1819 and Marianna Marcjanna Krzyzanowska b. ca 1750;
the grandparents:
Pawel Bardzki 1690-1739 {see below !}; Anna Skórzewska 1700-1745; Stanislaw Krzyzanowski b. ca 1720; Dorota Bystram.

Note to [see WOLA WIAZOWA and Kiedrzynski] Marianna Bardzka:

Antoni Pradzynski married Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka.

Józef Czaplicki b. ca 1690, d. before 1768, m. in 1761 in Komorniki, to named Marianna Bardzka, d. after 1768, 1 voto Antoni Pradzynski; the daughter of
Kazimierz BARDZKI and Teresa Bogucki;
Marianna's son: Witalis Czaplicki.

In POZNAN:
1783, an agreement after Stanislaw Bardzki death, written in Poznan in 1783, between Marianna Bardzka [the daughter of Kazimierz Bardzki and Teresa Bardzki Bogucki], a formerly married sister; and Wojciech Goliszewski, married close relatives of his father and mother;
Jan and Stanislaw Kostek; Antonina; Maurycy Bialkowski, of the Kalisz family; and sisters of the Pradzynskis of the deceased Marianna (sic!) nee Bardzki; mentioned Stanislaw Bardzki;
above MARIANNA - Antoni Pradzynski in the first marriage, and in the second, Józef Czaplicki's wife - in the first marriage were sons and daughters.
Vitalis Czaplicki also signed the contract. Marianna Bardzki and Józef Czaplicki from the second marriage; son Pradzynski; Antonina Bialkowska; Maurycy Bialkowski and Ludwika Pradzynska, under the care of Marcin Pradzynski; Maurycy Bialkowski as a plenipotentiary.

Stanislaw Bardzki left the estate under his wife, Jadwiga Skoroszewska Bardzka.
She was the second wife of Józef Krzyzanowski, and then the estate was occupied by Jan PRADZYNSKI and Stanislaw Pradzynski.
Stanislaw Bardzki share the estate. On the other hand, Mrs. Goliszewska, took everything from Bardzki's fortune.
She blesses Pradzynski nephews, who were obliged to pay in 1784 10,000 zlotys to Goliszewski's husbands.
The rest of the fortune after Stanislaw Bardzki' death, was taken by Krzyzanowski, and it divided into equal parts between Jan Pradzynski and Stanislaw Pradzynski, and Antonina Pradzynski Bialkowska, Ludwika Pradzynska, Miss; and Witalis Czaplicki.
We learn that Stanislaw Bardzki had two sisters: 1. Marianna Bardzki, 1st to Jakub Wyrzykowski, 2nd to Wojciech Targowski, 3rd to Wojciech Goliszewski;
and 2. Marianna (sic!) 1st to Antoni Pradzynski and the second wife of Józef Czaplicki.
The successors of these two sisters to divide the estate of Stanislaw Bardzki, with JADWIGA Skoroszewska BARDZKA, 1st married Stanislaw Bardzki; 2nd to Józef Krzyzanowski, wife.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.

Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770 was the brother to Stanislaw Bardzki born 1697;
his sister Marianna Bardzka, 1707-1729;
elder brother Maciej Bardzki b. 1685;
next brothers and sister:
Andrzej Bardzki, died in 1726;
Pawel Bardzki d. 1739 {see below};
Antoni Bardzki d. 1738;
Kazimierz Bardzki d. 1738;
Katarzyna Bardzka died in 1742.

Wojciech Marek BARDZKI had parents:
Jan Bardzki died in 1724 + mother Helena Milaczewska d. 1724.

Above named
Pawel Bardzki 1690-1739 + in 1732 to Anna Skórzewska 1700-1745,
with the son
Colonel ANDRZEJ BARDZKI, 1730-1819 {note - Erasmus Mycielski !} + Marianna Marcjanna Krzyzanowska
with son
Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki b. 1797 + Faustyna Sulimierska,
with children:
Józef Bardzki b. 1824; Kamilla Seweria Ignacja Bardzka; Kandyd Brunon Franciszek Bardzki; Romana Bardzka; Maksymilian Edward Bardzki.

Brygida Bardzka Walknowska + JAKUB Kiedrzynski had two daughters:
1.
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 / 1772-1811 or
Julianna Kiedrzynska

{she was married in Sobotka - south-west to KROSNIEWICE, in 1798, to Jan Arnold b. 1751 - died in 1840 in Pietrzykowo [north to Szczecinek - the Arnolds had a home in PLOCK in 1824];
the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811;
he was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw [north to GOLENIOW]; he was 3rd married in 1813 in LISKOW

(17 km west to WILCZKOW - see the place of birth to named above Kiedrzynski Jakub - south to MADALIN, 8 km south-west to BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski; 17 west-south-west to GLUCHOW ! and north-west to WRONIAWY),

with a son ARNOLD, 1814-1885,
and a granddaughter 1845-1935 married in 1867 in OSZCZEKLIN to WOLOWSKI

(to Marian Józef Edward Wolowski 1838 - 1909
the son of Ksawery WOLOWSKI

[b. Dec. 1792 - Warsaw, d. 1867 - Oszczeklin; studied in Warsaw, married Agnieszka Basinska. see: Mikolaj Basinski, inf. in 1844 in Kalisz and in 1839 in SZADEK.
Mentioned OSZCZEKLIN:
ca 1790, it bought Stanislaw Potocki. In 1854 Oszczeklin was owned by Ksawery Wolowski [with new village Ksawerow]. 1866 the estate took his son Marian Wolowski b. 1838, with ca 1875 Marianowo and Agnieszkowo. Marian Wolowski in 1863 was the insurgent. In 1909 died Stanislaw the son of named Marian;
Marian Wolowski died also in 1909, buried in Rajsk.
Oszczeklin belonged to Maria, the daughter of Marian Wolowski. Maria married Wincenty Górski who bought the estate in 1899 from hands of Konrad Arnold. Oszczeklin belonged to ARNOLD in 1895. Wincenty Górski died in 1931.
Compare:
1. Adam Wolowski (1855 to August 1865) and then Stanislaw Pusch were the directors of the Warsaw mint; that is Adam Ernest Wolowski, b. ca 1798, died 1868 - Warszawa. He married ca 1820 to Barbara Maryewska, 1796-1863.
Mentioned Adam Ernest Wolowski born ca 1798 was the son of Adam Zachariasz Wolowski, 1770 - before 1833, who was married in 1795, Warszawa, to Teresa Zalewska, 1777 - 1855; they had daughter Emilia Teofila Zalewska (born Wolowska), and the son Adam Ernest WOLOWSKI, 1798-1868 + Barbara Maryewska 1796-1863.
2. Adam Alfons Wolowski, 1799 - 1861 - Warszawa,
parents: Ludwik WOLOWSKI, b. ca 1764 - died in 1832 in Warsaw, and Elzbieta Lanckoronska, b. ca 1771 - d. 1837 - Warszawa.
Elzbieta Lanckoronska, b. 1770/1771, was the daughter of Józef LANCKORONSKI and Klara.
LUDWIK WOLOWSKI m. in 1786, Warszawa.
3.
In 1824 - 1827, Jan Toczyski [heir of property] filed a lawsuit against Jozef Wolowski and Israel Wassertzug [tenants] about income tax and about payment for Russian military. Named Jan Toczyski b. ca 1760, died in 1837, was the son of Kazimierz TOCZYSKI and Domicela Bielska. Jan died in Rokitno, close to BLONIE, 14 km north-west of OTREBUSY, and 28 km east to GUZOW of OGINSKI ! Jan Toczyski married in ca 1780 to Anna Krystyna Szymanowska 1765-1845, daughter of Dyzma Szymanowski 1719-1784. Relatives of Stefania Helena Nepomucena Toczyska from Oltarzew in 1800. His father: Kazimierz Toczyski, b. ca 1740.
4.
In 1771, Kaski belongs to Maciej Szymanowski, since 1773-1775 the Commonwealth gave Kaski to him in 50 years possession. After the partitions of Poland, Kaski was in the Prussian partition and the Kaski was transferred to the Prussian general - Brul. After the Napoleonic wars, the land became a part of the Duchy of Warsaw;
At that time, the Napoleonic officer was in charge - Blociszewski.
After the fall of the Duchy of Warsaw, these lands came under Russian rule. Emperor Alexander I gave it to Franciszek Wolowski, inf. also in 1828.
Filipina Szymanowska that is Filipina Brzezinska-Szymanowska (1800 - 1886) was a Polish pianist and composer, daughter of Franciszek Szymanowski / Franco Francis Szymanowski {b. ca 1770/1780} and Agatha / AGATA Wolowska. FILIPINA was sister-in-law of the composer Maria Szymanowska ("szwagierka" or "bratowa" = sister-in-law). Named above Maria Szymanowska born Marianna Agata Wolowska in Warsaw, 1789, died in 1831, St. Petersburg, Russia; was a Polish composer and one of the first professional virtuoso pianists of the 19th century. Marianna Agata Wolowska was daughter of Franciszek Wolowski, a landlord and a brewer. Her mother [1st wife of Franciszek WOLOWSKI ?] - Barbara LANCKORONSKA, 1780 - 1849 / 1850? Barbara was the daughter of unknown Lanckoronski [Barbara maybe was the daughter of Jan Lanckoronski of Brzezie, officer of Nur, 1746-1791, and Maria Anna Januszkiewicz b. 1755; Barbara was sister of: Antoni Józef Lanckoronski 1777-1850 m. Ewa Mecinska, and Julia Barbara Lanckoronska 1779-1846 m. Jakub Jerzy Antoni Dunin-Borkowski].
Marianna Agata Wolowska m. 1810 in Warsaw to Józef Szymanowski, with whom she had three children while living in Poland: Helena (1811–61), who married a man named Malewski, and twins: Celina (1812–55), who married Adam Mickiewicz, and Romuald (1812–40), who became an engineer; children remained with Maria after her separation from Szymanowski in 1820. The marriage ended in divorce. Józef Szymanowski died in 1832. Józef Szymanowski was born ca 1770/1780.

Franciszek Szymanowski / Franco Francis Szymanowski b. ca 1770/1780, Michal Szymanowski b. ca 1770/1780, and named here Józef Szymanowski was born in 1779 in KASKI, were brothers - acc. to me.
5.
Ksawery Jan Teodor KRYSINSKI (born 1825), who married Amelia Maria Wolowska (1832-?), daughter of Franciszek Wolowski and Justyna Julianna Niesiolowska [2nd wife of named above FRANCISZEK WOLOWSKI ?]; KSAWERY'S daughter was poet Maria Anastazja Wincentyna Krysinska (1857 in Warsaw - died in PARIS, 1908) / Marie Anastasie, in Paris studied harmony and composition at the Conservatoire Music, became the active member of the literary circles of the Hydropaths, the Zutists, the "Hirsutes" and the "Jemenfoutistes"]

and Agnieszka Basinska Wolowski b. 1809 in LASK, died in OSZCZEKLIN in 1897, south-west to WRONIAWY and LISKOW),

with two great-granddaughters:
Seweryna Józefa Maria Wolowska 1869-1949 (m. Walenty Hieronim Julian Kamocki in ca 1885), and
Wanda Edwardina Wolowska b. 1870 (m. Wincenty Jacenty Beniamin Górski).

Julianna Kiedrzynska, was married in Sobotka - south-west to KROSNIEWICE, in 1798, to Jan Arnold b. 1751 - died in 1840 in Pietrzykowo. Witness in 1798, Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ [relatives to the Kiedrzynskis]. Her son Mateusz Arnold was studied in Warsaw in 1823, b. 1804, m. Józefa Ilowiecka with grandson Julian Pius Ludwik Arnold b. 1840.

2.
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA ! - the family of the author to this domain].

Note:
Rozalia Marianna Józefa Trzcinska b. 1786 in Trzcinica - godmother was Marjanna Trzcinski Szembek of Inflanty - m. Mikolaj Pradzynski, b. ca 1785,
with a daughter
Emilia Pradzynska (b. ca 1810), married in 1839 in Blizanów north to Kalisz - 18 km east to PLESZEW, to Wladyslaw Górski - his 2nd wife was Scholastyka Elsner b. 1836 in Jeziórko, 9 km north-east to TUREK.

In POZNAN:

1783, Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski;

in 1674 Stanislaw Pradzynski, the son of Stanislaw Pradzynski senior, save the amount of money to Anna Chlapowski, the daughter of Wladyslaw Chlapowski + Jadwiga Zadorska.

In 1710 in Poznan Wladyslaw Pradzynski died - son of Stanislaw Pradzynski;

in 1759 Antoni Pradzynski agreeing on financial matters with Franciszka Szoldrska, of Inowroclaw; and with Anna Dzialynska, of KALISZ;
it concerns Wroniawy
[see also on Arnold and Kiedrzynski], Marianna Bronikowski and Wladyslaw Pradzynski.

In 1779 in Pyzdry, Stanislaw Kostka Grzymala Pradzynski the son of Antoni Pradzynski + Marianna Bardzka; named Kostka save the amount of money to his uncle - Stanislaw Bardzki of Wrzesnia -
on the Niepruszewo estate, 30 km west to Poznan.

The Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski line:

This is the Kiedzynski family line from Wola Wiazowa in the 19th cent. [in the 2nd half of the 20th cent. it's the author's family], affinity with the Pradzynski home, also in Wilkowo Polskie under the Prussian border in the 18th-19th centuries, and near to KALISZ in the 18th century, close to OPOCZNO in the 20th century, and in Wola Pszczolecka [compare: Sulimierski from LUBIEC {guerrilla of 1833}, Soltyk {note on 1831 November Uprising}, Walewski from Jedlno and Wieruszow, Kalinowski-Oginski- Ronne-Trubecki branch + Mielzynski-Bninski-Fiszer line of CHOBIENICE-KROTOSZYN-Gorzdy/Gargzdai].

Strong political ties connected them with {Freemasonry and the fight for independent Poland - Kosciuszko-Fiszer-General Franciszek Paszkowski + Armand-Konstantynowicz-Japaridze in Moscow + Duflon-Breguet} the independence conspiracy linked to Erasmus Mycielski / ERAZM Mycielski, Ignacy Pradzynski, Kalasanty Szaniawski, and thus indirectly with General Fraciszek Paszkowski [+ Horodyski, Maleszewski, Venture, Breguet, Neyman and the TEMPLARS], General Tadeusz Kosciuszko [see Jefferson and Illuminati movement], and through the family of BREZA to General Stanislaw Fiszer and his wife Fiszer - Kwilecka.

The MYCIELSKI family and the Polish secret independence organizations:

Stanislaw Mycielski born on November 9, 1767 in Nowa Wies near Wronki, died on February 3, 1813 in Poznan;
Polish independence activist, colonel of the Napoleonic army.
Mycielski Stanislaw was the younger son of Józef, official in Inowroclaw, and Franciszka Kozminska;
He took his initial studies in Gostyn, then he studied in Paris.
During the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794 STANISLA MYCIELSKI was a member of the administrative commission of the Poznan province, but the Prussian authorities after the fall of the insurrection found him innocent. He continued the struggle for independence after the Third Partition in 1795, and maintained contact with General Stanislaw Fiszer [compare: General Tadeusz Kosciuszko; Jefferson; General Franciszek Paszkowski; Wirydianna Fiszer].
In November 1806, General Jan Henryk Dabrowski sent a special letter to STANISLAW Mycielski, calling for him to undertake a propaganda campaign in Poznan for Napoleon and France.
Stanislaw Mycielski died during the smallpox epidemic; due to his medical education, he tried to help his peasants using the Jenner vaccination. Edward Jenner (born on May 17, 1749 in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, died on January 26, 1823) - English physician, discoverer of smallpox immunization. See BECU in Scotland!
STANISLAW's MYCIELSKI wife, Anna Mielzynski (died on March 1, 1840), previously divorced Bonawentura Gajewski b. ca 1760

[BONAWENTURA's father - Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski b. 1714, d. 1775 + Tworzyanska.
RAFAL's GAJEWSKI 2nd wife was JOZEFA MIELZYNSKA (see below on Jozefa MIELZYNSKI)],

also participated in the pro-Polish and pro-Napoleonic activities

[1767-1840;
the daughter of
Maciej Mielzynski 1733-ca 1793 and Seweryna LIPSKA

{MACIEJ's son - Prokop Mielzynski 1763-1800 + Css Katarzyna Mielzynska 1775-1817

[[KATARZYNA's parents:
Count Maksymilian Antoni Jan Mielzynski 1738-1799 + Konstancja Hutten-Czapska 1749-1813.
KATARZYNA's grandparents:
Andrzej Mielzynski official in Kcynia, 1698-1771; Anna Petronela Bninska 1720-1771; Jakub Hutten-Czapski; Rozalia Ewa Hutten-Czapska, 1715-1769.

KATARZYNA's daughter -
Konstancja Mielzynska 1799-1844 + Count Maciej Mielzynski - insurgent in 1831]]};

the granddaughter of
Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski 1682-1738 + Krystyna Skalawska 1690-1762;
the great-granddaughter of
Maciej Mielzynski (1636-1697) - official in Srem.

Mielzynski Maciej (1636-1697), of SREM; the son of Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI and Elzbieta Niegolewski.
MACIEJ was born in Niegolewo, MP in 1659; in 1660 official in KCYNIA].

Stanislaw and Anna Mielzynski Gajewska, had 6 children:
Franciszek, Michal, Ludwik and Józef;
daughters Konstancja Wiktoria (wife of Józef Breza) and Seweryna (wife of Józef Sokolnicki).

Note to Jozefa Mielzynska GAJEWSKA:

STANISLAW's MYCIELSKI wife, Anna Mielzynski (died on March 1, 1840), previously divorced Bonawentura Gajewski b. ca 1760.
BONAWENTURA's father - Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski b. 1714, d. 1775 + Tworzyanska.
RAFAL's GAJEWSKI 2nd wife was JOZEFA MIELZYNSKA.

Note to MIELZYNSKI:
Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and TERESA had sons:

1. Krzysztof Mielzynski,

[governor of Przemet (1717-1721), the official in Kcynia (1693), 1670-1721, with son Andrzej Mielzynski, 1698-1771, m. Anna Petronela Bninska 1720-1771, and grandson Maksymilian Antoni Jan Mielzynski, b. 1738 - Laszczyn, died in 1799 - Pawlowice, the owner of PAWLOWICE, m. in 1771, Mierzyszyn, to Konstancja Hutten-Czapska, 1749-1813; with daughter Css Katarzyna Mielzynska 1775-1817, m. Prokop Mielzynski, lieutenant (1793), 1763-1800];
2.
Franciszek Mielzynski

[Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, 1682-1738, the owner of CHOBIENICE; with children:

1. daughter
Józefa Mielzynska, ca 1729-1752, m. Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski,
and granddaughter Wiktoria Jakobina Gajewska b. in 1749, m. Jan Józef Kwilecki 1729-1789.
2.
Józef Klemens Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI, the owner of CHOBIENICE, governor of Kalisz (1758-1763), Poznan (1763-1782), Kalisz (1782-1786), Poznan (1786-1792), 1729-1792; m. Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska, 1718-1797
{Leon Raczynski, 1698 - died 1750, son of Michal Kazimierz Raczynski, was also the husband of Wirydiana Mielzynska- BNINSKA}.
Compare:
Wiridianna / Wiridiana Radolinska - her grandparents:
Józef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa, 1680-1740; Teresa Swinarska 1700-1771; Leon Raczynski 1698-1755; Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska 1718-1797 {she was married twice};
her parents: Józef Stanislaw Radolinski of Wschowa 1730-1781; Katarzyna Raczynska 1744-1792.

Wiridianna Radolinska, 1761-1826, m. 1st in ca 1780 to Antoni Maciej Konstanty Kwilecki, chamberlein of the King, b. 1764 son of Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki 1725-1794 and Teresa Agnieszka Sczaniecka 1740-1807; Wiridianna Radolinska 1761-1826 m. 2nd in 1806 to General Stanislaw Fiszer 1759-1812, son of Karol Ludwik Fiszer, General Major, 1730-1783 + Joanna Luiza Elzbieta von Luck 1738-1788.

Wirydianna Fiszerowa / Fiszer / Wirydianna Radolinska, Kwilecka b. in Wyszyny, d. in Dzialyn in 1826 (Dzialyn - a village in the administrative district of Klecko, in west-central Poland, at way from Klecko to Gniezno); she known Frederick II of Prussia, Izabela Czartoryska, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, Józef Poniatowski, Jan Henryk Dabrowski, and Tadeusz Kosciuszko; her sisters: Katarzyna b. 1762, and Antonina b. 1770.
Chobienice appear for the first time in the diaries of Wirydianna due to the changes in the live of her family after the Prussian annexation. The parents decided to move from Lobzenica to Winnogóra, but the kids were send to grandmother. Later, along with her mother and sister, Wirydianna a lot of time spent in Chobienice's mansion; Chobienice belonged at that time to the second husband of grandmother - the governor Joseph / JOZEF Mielzynski
[Józef Klemens Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI, the owner of CHOBIENICE, governor of Kalisz (1758-1763), Poznan (1763-1782), Kalisz (1782-1786), Poznan (1786-1792), 1729-1792; m. Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska-Mielzynska-Raczynska, 1718-1797].
His father Franciszek Mielzynski / Francis [Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, 1682-1738, the owner of CHOBIENICE] in the 30s and 40s of the eighteenth century built a new residence by Adam Stier.
When Wirydianna Radolinska-Kwilecka, already the wife of Anthony / Antoni Kwilecki, spent time in Winnogóra, her mother moved to Chobienice.
The construction of classicist palace of Catherine Radolinska [Katarzyna Raczynska-RADOLINSKA, 1744-1792; Katarzyna born Raczynska in 1744, to Leon Raczynski b. in 1698, and Wirydianna Raczynska-Mielzynska-Bninska b. in 1718. Katarzyna had sister Estera; Katarzyna married Józef Radolinski] began in 1786-1788, by Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer, under the direction of Antoni Höhne.
In 1793, Wirydianna Radolinska-Kwilecka moved to Chobienice, with independence from her husband; after her divorce from first husband Wirydianna left with two children and settled in Warsaw. It was there that she met General Stanislaw Fiszer, to whom she married in 1806.

PETRONELA Radolinska (b. ca 1764?-1821), was a daughter of Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 and Brygida or Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Malecka; Petronela nee Radolinska was granddaughter of Józef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740.
Józef Stefan Radolinski lived at the court of Polish King, Jan III Sobieski; clerk in Wschowa (see Sulkowski). Józef Stefan had 7 children: youngest son Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 was owner of Jarocin, but his brother
Józef Stanislaw was officer in Wschowa and in 1757 Józef Stanislaw married to Katarzyna Raczynska (see Kiedrzynski).

Józef Stanislaw Radolinski born 1730 - died in 1781 in Winnogóra, the Szamotuly County, was father of Antonina Maria Breza and Wiridianna / Wirydianna Fiszer-Kwilecka (see General Stanislaw Fiszer, Radolinski of Wola Pszczolecka, General Franciszek Paszkowski, Armand + Konstantynowicz, Lenin + Inessa Armand, Tadeusz Kosciuszko).

Józef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740 was brother of Zofia Walewska 1677 - 1723 who married Kazimierz Walewski. Kazimierz Walewski was son of Stanislaw Walewski and Katarzyna Lanckoronska.

Teodora Ludwika Walewska, Marianna Radolinska and Józef Kazimierz Colonna Walewski b. ca 1710, d. 1763 (he had son Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815 and daughter Jadwiga Walewska who married in 1762 in Bielawy to Michal / Michael Walewski 1735 / 1740 - 1806) were children of Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia.

3.
MACIEJ Mielzynski, 1733 - 1793, the owner of CHOBIENICE],

and daughters of Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and TERESA:
Zofia Anna m. Adam Kozminski, official in Kalisz;
Ludwika MIELZYNSKA, 1st married Rafal Tworzyjanski, official in Wschowa, 2nd to Adam Poninski;
Franciszka, m. Andrzej Zakrzewski.

Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and Katarzyna MYCIELSKA GORZYCKA MIELZYNSKA

{MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki}

had children:
1.
Elzbieta, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym;
2.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA + Antoni Walknowski

{Urszula Wierusz-Walknowska MIELZYNSKA, died in 1743;
URSZULA Walknowska Mielzynska was the half-sister of ANNA GORZYCKA.
Urszula was the mother of Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski - the husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKA

[BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770]

- see Jakub KIEDRZYNSKI junior}.
On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn Bardzki of Wrzesnia, died in 1793, and
Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and
Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 {in Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811; he was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw. Witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ},
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOWA! - the family of the author to this domain].
3.
Marianna Krystyna;
4.
and son Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; 1717 governor of Przemet.

Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski born before 1670 in Dabrowa (Kaisersfelde), close to Mogilno - west to RADZIEJOW. He was the son of
Maciej Mielzynski, born in 1636 in Niegolewo west to Poznan, close to Opalenica; d. 1697 in Goscieszyn near Wolsztyn (Wollstein).
Married in 1667 to Elzbieta Baranowska - she died in 1682.
Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI married in 1682 to Anna Goszycka / Gorzycka - she died in 1733, the daughter of Andrzej Goszycki / GORZYCKI and KATARZYNA MYCIELSKA, d. 1712.
MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska Gorzycka, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki or Andrzej Gorzycki.
Krzysztof had the son Andrzej Walenty Mielzynski, 1698-1771; born in 1698 - Goscieszyn close to - Wolsztyn (Wollstein); 9 km south-east to WOLSZTYN,
8 km north-east to WRONIAWY; north-west to PRZEMET; 18 km north-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Kiedrzyski-Zamoyski family. See Pradzynski-Kiedrzynski line. Compare Wola Wiazowa.
Andrzej Mielzynski d. 1771 in Pawlowice. Married in 1734 to Anna Petronella Bninska, b. before 1720 in GLOGOW - d. 1770, the daughter of Stanislaw Bninski + JOANNA Krzycka.
Andrzej's son -
Maksymilian Antoni Mielzynski, 1738-1799,
born in Laszczyn - Cieladz [close to RAWA MAZOWIECKA]; d. in Pawlowice. Married in 1771 in Mierzeszyn (Meisterswalde) close to Trabki Wielkie, the Gdansk Pomeranie, to Konstancja Czapska, 1749-1813. Her daughter:
Katarzyna Regina Barbara Cecylia Mielzynski, b. in 1775 in Rabin (Rombin), close to Koscian; d. 1817 in the Chobienice - Siedlec estate near Wolsztyn, and the PRUSSIAN border.
Married in 1793 in Pawlowice (Pawlowitz) to Prokop Rufin Jozef Mielzynski, 1763-1800, the son of Hipolit Maciej Jozef Mielzynski 1733-1797 + Seweryna Lipska d. 1801, with daughter
Gabriela Maria Konstancja Józefa Mielzynski POTULICKA OGINSKA, b. 1798 in Kotowo - Granowo, close to Grodzisk Wielkopolski and south-west to Poznan; d. 1822 in Nice, France.

Olga Kalinowska born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus, in 1844, and her son Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849.
She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 who married to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki
[compare above mentioned MIELZYNSKI of PAWLOWICE and WOLSZTYN].

We back to MYCIELSKI:

Stanislaw's MYCIELSKI father - JOZEF MYCIELSKI, 1733-1789, born in Leszno, d. in Breslau / Wroclaw,
General lieutenant in 1761, commander of the 1st Lithuanian Division, general-adjutant in 1755, official in Inowroclaw in 1784-1789, in Konin in 1756.

Jozef was the son of Maciej Mycielski and Weronika Konarzewski, d. 1762.
Jozef Mycielski was the deputy of the Starodub county to Parliament in 1754, of Kalisz in 1761. On May 7, 1764, in Poznan, he signed a manifesto recognizing the presence of Russian troops as illegal during king's election.

JOZEF's father - Maciej Mycielski b. 1690, died 1747 in Szubin, official in Poznan in 1737-1747, in KALISZ in 1732-1737; the son of
Adam Jan Mycielski born in 1663,
and
grandson of MIKOLAJ Mycielski d. 1686.

MIKOLAJ MYCIELSKI was the brother of Katarzyna Radolinska (wife of ANDRZEJ RADOLINSKI) and Krzysztof Mycielski

(Krzysztof was the father of Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707, official in KALISZ

[Andrzej Mycielski was the father of Józef Mycielski; Teresa Skoroszewska; Krzysztof Maksymilian Mycielski; Stanislaw Adam Mycielski; Jan Ignacy Mycielski b. after 1690 / in 1696 - died in 1790

(Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski had the son
Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy;
and grandson, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794)];

and Krzysztof was the father of Katarzyna Mielzynska and Zofia Miaskowska).

MACIEJ Mycielski b. ca 1690
was the brother of Zofia Mycielska and Katarzyna Lacka
{compare: Jan MYCIELSKI / John Mycielski, a lieutenant of the royal army, m. Domicella Horodynski. Jan was the grandfather of famous mason and conspirator ERAZM - Erasmus Mycielski}.
MACIEJ Mycielski ca 1715 married Weronika Konarzewska (1699-1762), from Konin. In 1715 he secured her dowry and wrote down a mutual life sentence with her. As the last of her family, she brought great possessions to her husband and brother. Maciej owned Szamotuly and Gostyn in the Poznan province, Szubin south-west to Bydgoszcz, and Tuliszków north-west to TUREK, in the Kalisz province; Hrynki in the Nowogródek prov. and Kulikowicze in Volhynia / Wolyn. He died in Szubin, he was buried in Gostyn.

The conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3. Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski, Andrzej Kapostas, Michal Kochanowski, Alexander Linowski, Stanislaw Woyczynski, Ludwik Gutakowski, Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki, Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
To the second group belonged radical activists of conspiracy, among whom we find Freemasons as:
Eliasz Aloe, Piotr Grosmani, Joachim Muszynski,
Erazm Mycielski,
Józef Herman Pawlikowski, Stanislaw Wegrzecki i Wojciech Boguslawski.
The Warsaw leftists, the activists of the conspiracy founded on April 21, 1794, the Jacobin club.
On January 1, 1808, the "Brothers of the United France and Poles" camp was established in Poznan.
The lodge in 1814 had 233 brothers. The master was Gen. Wincenty Axamitowski, and also, for some time, Prince Józef Poniatowski.
Axamitowski was a military commander of Poznan. Among the brothers were:
Col. Stanislaw Mycielski,
prefect of the department Józef Poninski,
president of Poznan Bernard Rose,
count Kacper Skarbek,
general Jan Henryk Dabrowski,
general Kazimierz Turno,
general Antoni "Amilkar" Kosinski,
count Aleksander Bninski,
count Melchior Lacki and others.

General Stanislaw Fiszer:
General Tadeusz Kosciuszko showed to him Wirydianna Kwilecka, nee Radolinska; then he traveled to Italy, England, Holland and Germany, where in the local libraries studied the works of the military. The summer of 1802 - visited Warsaw and met Jozef Poniatowski.
Stanislaw FISZER settled then in the Great Poland, where Mycielski gave him the property.
Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN.
In 1775 in the Koninko estate, divided a land, after the death in 1774 of Gorecki; witnesses: General Jan Zakrzewski and Teresa Gorecki - the spouses; Teresa was widowed after 1st husband General Józef Gorecki; General Jan Zakrzewski and Teresa Gorecki Zakrzewska were the heirs of the deceased already Wojciech Dzierzbinski.

The Society of Polish Republicans was the Polish secret organization, in Warsaw on October 1, 1798 to mid-1801; with contact to the Deputation in Paris, and General Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Paris.
The main activists were:
Jan Orchowski / John Aloysius Orchowski,
Raymond Rembielinski [see Wiktor Rembielinski],
Andrzej HORODYSKI / Andrew Horodyski and
Erazm Mycielski / Erasmus Mycielski.

The Polish-French lodge "Les Freres Francais et Polonais reunis", at first was presided over by Stanislaw Mycielski, then by Gen. Wincenty Axamitowski.

In October 1810 in Poznan, a female lodge "Eden Garden" was created; The Grand Master was the wife of General Jan Henryk Dabrowski - Barbara Chlapowska DABROWSKA.

Les Freres Anglais et Français Réunis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, subsidiaries of the French Grand Orient, and consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; the champion for a long time was general Wincenty Axamitowski.
On January 1, 1808, the "Brothers of the United France and Poles" camp was established in Poznan.
Members:
Colonel Stanislaw Mycielski,
Józef Poninski, Aleksander Zychlinski, Augustyn Zaborowski, Bernard Rose, Count Kacper Skarbek,
Wiktor Szoldrski,
General Henryk Dabrowski,
General Amilkar Kosinski,
Count Aleksander Bninski,
Kazimierz Turno, Count Melchior Lacki.
In 1812 Faustyn Zakrzewski a master; and Jozef Poniatowski;
others members of the Freemasonry:
Barbara Dabrowska, Julianna Poninska, Karolina Palombini, Jaraczewska, Wincentyna Axamitowska, Eufemia Kwasniewska, Sulkowska, and Augustyna Zablocka;
Lasocki in Lomza,
General Kretkowski in Leczyca,
Plichta in Plock,
Franciszek Mickiewicz,
General Stanislaw Mielzynski,
Maximilian and Adam Moszczenski.

ANDRZEJ HORODYSKI in 1802,
became a shareholder of the Trzycieski, Horodyski et comp. - commercial house, which was also opened in Odessa, to which they also received:
P. Maleszewski
[see Venture de Paradise / Sulkowski / Napoleon, and Breguet - Duflon in Russia + Konstantynowicz, Nobel, Armand],
J. K. Szaniawski
[he come from area of Wieruszow and J. K. Szaniawski was the family of Erazm Mycielski. General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski approached Gen. Dabrowski's opponents - he became friend with Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrzej Horodyski, with whom he was later considered, at the time of the Duchy of Warsaw, as one of the leaders of "Polish Jacobins"]
and J. Drzewiecki
[see DUFLON in St. Petersburg co-operated with DRZEWIECKI - his family. Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand, the lover of Lenin].

ERAZM MYCIELSKI:

Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski with the son
Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy;
and grandson, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794.

Above JAN = Jan Ignacy Mycielski b. after 1690 / in 1696-1790, the son of
Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707 official in KALISZ;
grandson of Krzysztof Mycielski.

Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794, son of Aleksander Mycielski General; 1775 served the Regiment of Poninski. Captain 1788. Campaigns in 1792 in Lithuania.
The Kosciuszko Uprising 1794. He was a member of the conspiracy, preparing the uprising of Kosciuszko; promoted by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
He was one of the founders of the Polish Society (1798). He was involved in the conspiracy in the Great Poland.

Above Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy. Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818,
was son of Jan MYCIELSKI / John Mycielski, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski.
JAN was a friend of Joseph Alexander Sulkowski.

Above Aleksander Józef Sulkowski, 1695 - 1762,
in 1733-1738 the Saxon Electorate prime minister, Count and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, chamberlain of Augustus III, 1734 Saxon Infantry Major General, grew up at the royal court, was the closest adviser the King and Elector Augustus III. Prince Alexander Joseph died in Leszno in 1762, had a four sons from his first marriage.

Mycielski Erazm alias ERASMUS (1769-1800) - after the fall of the uprising in 1794, Erazm found support in his father's Wyszki estate close to Pleszew, and in neighboring Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, close to the sister Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski.
Erazm Mycielski did not abandon underground work [the winter 1794/1795] and already in the early spring of 1795 he managed the Greater Poland organization, which developed among others relationship in Kalisz [see the Kiedrzynskis].
Erazm Mycielski was a supporter of the Deputation, he was under influence of Dionizy Mniewski, Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski and Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski, but he did not share their stand to Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Jan Henryk Dabrowski.
Erazm in the Great Poland was in contact with the military conspiracy of J. H. Dabrowski in Warsaw; he was at first one of DABROWSKI's courier.
On February 19, 1796, Erazm Mycielski went with Dabrowski from Warsaw to Berlin to discuss with French representatives, A. B. Caillard, and with P. Parandier, the project of establishing Polish military formations with the help of France. In Berlin, Erazm also was the representative of the Central Assembly in Warsaw.
After the arrest of members in April 1796, Mycielski destroyed the papers; then he played a major role in the creation of a new secret organization - instructions were sent from Paris; a proclamation of General Franciszek Rymkiewicz was calling for the unification of patriotic efforts.
Erazm Mycielski set up the secret congress in Warsaw in September / Oct. 1796. He also contacted General Karol Kniaziewicz.
The Society was preparing in 1797-1799 an armed uprising in the country based on France; Erazm Mycielski visited the Great Poland, Kujawy, Leczyca, and Sieradz to expand the network of secret relationships, and organized an interviews. In February 1799 "he had more than two hundred people in the Great Poland".
He wrote about it to his friend Bardzki on 14 October 1799, that "... silence seem to dominate and that all hopes have gone up in smoke."
Erazm Mycielski died on February 28, 1800 in Kalisz.
Erazm left his wife Ludwika Bardzka [born ca 1760/1770], perhaps of Mieleszyn - Kobierzyck origin, whom he married after the dispensation of the archbishop.
The widow remarried to Hilary Radzik in KALISZ.

Erazm's Mycielski sister in Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski. After the divorce with Idzi Moskorzewski, named Ludwika Moskorzewska Mycielska was married Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski.

The RADZIWILL - Mycielski branch:

Anna Luiza Mycielska born in 1729, was the daughter of
Weronika KONARZEWSKA MYCIELSKA and her husband
Maciej Mycielski b. 1690 - d. 1747;
granddaughter of
Adam Jan Mycielski b. 1663, and Anna Tuczynska;
great-granddaughter of
MIKOLAJ Mycielski d. 1686.

Named MIKOLAJ MYCIELSKI was the brother of Katarzyna Radolinska (wife of ANDRZEJ RADOLINSKI) and Krzysztof Mycielski.

Named Krzysztof was the father of Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707, official in KALISZ.

Mentioned Anna Luiza Mycielska born 1729 - Lwów, d. 1771 - Drezno, buried in Nieswiez, m. in 1744, Lwów, to Leon Michal Radziwill, 1722-1751; 2nd married in 1754, Lwów, to Michal Kazimierz Radziwill 1702-1762.
Her son with the first husband was Maciej Radziwill, MP, official in Wilno (1790-1795) , + Elzbieta Chodkiewicz.
And her grandson was the conspirator -
Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill 1793-1869,
m. 1st Maria Aleksandra Grabowska 1788-1826; 2nd to Celestyna Celina Sulistrowska 1805-1836; 3rd to Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka.

Duke Antoni Jablonowski was the Polish conspirator - 1821.

but remember:
Józefa Mycielska b. ca 1720 m. Dymitr Hipolit Aleksander Jablonowski

{the son of Jan Stanislaw Aleksander Jablonowski 1669-1731 - who had also a son
Stanislaw Wincenty Jablonowski 1694-1754
and the grandson ANTONI BARNABA Jablonowski, 1732-1799;
and great-grandson General major Stanislaw Pawel 1762-1822;
the great-great-grandson was Antoni Michal Jablonowski, 1793-1855 + Paulina Wandalin-Mniszech 1798-1863}

and named Dymitr was the official in Swiecie, KOLO, and in Kowel; Dymitr was living in 1706-1788.
Dymitr had the son KAROL 1768-1841, and the daughter Joanna Jablonowska b. 1753.

Named
Antoni Michal Jablonowski - CONSPIRATOR,
the prince in Ostrog, Maryampol and Podkamien; born 1793 in Warsaw - died 1855 in Annopol; member of the Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland, chamberlain of the emperor of the Russian Empire, prince of the Congress Kingdom in 1820; a Polish conspiracy activist to 1826.

Stanislaw Pawel Jablonowski and Teodora Walewska were the parents of Antoni.

Teodora Potocka - Walewska - Jablonowska, died in 1826; the daughter of Michal Walewski

{Michal Walewski 1740 - 1806; the son of Marcin Walewski
(Marcin Walewski 1700 - 1761 was son of Franciszek Walewski from Sieradz, 1670-1733)
and Magdalena Antonina SZEMBEK
[Marek Szembek b. circa 1700, d. 1744, son of Antoni Felicjan Szembek and Ewa Apolonia; husband of Jadwiga; father of Paulina / Paula Oginska; brother of Józef Eustachy Szembek, and Magdalena Antonina Walewska].
Michal Walewski 1735 or 1740 - 1806, Voivode of Sieradz 1785-1792.
Michal Walewski m. 2nd to Ksawera Marianna Jadwiga Turno, with children:
Teresa Walewska 1776 - 1856 m. Adam Bierzynski,
Karolina Teresa Walewska 1778 - 1846 m. 1st Aleksander Franciszek Chodkiewicz 1776 - 1838, m. 2nd to Aleksander Golicyn 1789 - 1858;
Józef Walewski 1780 - 1813;
Hieronim Jerzy Walewski b. ca 1780 m. Cecylia Potocka 1783 - 1861.
Above named Michal 1735 / 1740 - 1806 m. 3rd to Szczesna Feliksa Kokoszka-Michalowska 1770-1844.
Michal Walewski in 1788-1792 put forward the project of expansion of the Polish army to 100 000 soldiers; the Speaker of the Bar Confederation of Cracow province in 1771. A member of the Andrzej Mokronowski confederation, with Stanislaw August Poniatowski;
he was the son of Marcin Walewski / Martin (d. 1761) who married 1st to Antonina Magdalene Szembek b. circa 1710, d. 1744, daughter of Antoni Felicjan Szembek.
Marcin Walewski married 2nd to Marcjanna Romer (d. 1761).
Jozefina or Józefa Walewska nee Lubomirska married to Brigadier Adam Walewski, brother of Michal Walewski, the Voivode / governor of Sieradz}

and Jadwiga

{above Jadwiga Colonna-Walewska / Walewski, born 1740 / 1744 to Józef Colonna-Walewski and Ludwika Colonna-Walewska. Józef was born in 1700 / 1710, in Walewice. Jadwiga had brother Anastazy Colonna-Walewski. Jadwiga married Michal Walewski. Michal was born in 1735/1740/1750, officer in Sieradz}.

Teodora Potocka - Walewska - Jablonowska, died in 1826, the daughter of Michal Walewski, the wife of Stanislaw Potocki and Stanislaw Pawel Jablonowski. Mother of Antoni Jablonowski and Stanislaw Potocki - Jablonowski.
Half sister to Teresa Bierzynska; Karolina Teresa Chodkiewicz; Józef Walewski; Hieronim Jerzy Walewski and Wojciech Walewski.

Antoni Jablonowski was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge Bouclier du Nord in 1818; a member of the Patriotic Society of Walerian Lukasinski; In 1825, Antoni Jablonowski negotiated with the Decembrists. After the fall of the Decembrists' uprising, he was arrested in 1826.
About 1810 Antoni Jablonowski married Paulina Wandalin-Mniszech, the daughter of Michal Jerzy Wandalin-Mniszch. Their daughter Dorota Jablonowska married Stanislaw Kostka Korwin-Krasinski, an officer of the November Uprising.

Raymond REMBIELINSKI:

Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski, in 1820, the Sejm Marshal in the Kingdom of Poland (September 1774-12, February 1841).

Rajmund Rembielinski (1774/1775-1841) was a Polish political activist, and landowner. Rajmund Rembielinski born in Warsaw, d. in Lomza, president of the Department of Bialystok in Lomza in 1808, in Plock, president of the Masovia Province and MP, the owner among others of Jedwabne and Krosniewice; freemason.
In December 1813 in Plock, in Rembielinski home was staying Aleksander Ist, and again in May 1825.
Jedwabne - city in the Podlasie province, in the Lomza county, in 1736, the owner of the village was Antoni Rostkowski. In 1777, Stanislaw Rembielinski, the cabinet secretary of King Stanislaw August, became the new owner of Jedwabne. At the end of the 18th century, cloth factories were established in Jedwabne. 1795, the city was under Prussian rule, then in 1807 it was the Warsaw Duchy, which in 1815 was transformed into the Kingdom of Poland.
Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski the owner of Krosniewice, Jedwabne and Mezenin, was married in 1797 to Agnieszka Helena Opacka. Marriage after twenty years ended with a divorce.
On 8 September 1816 Rembielinski was appointed chairman of the Masovia Province. As a result of the divorce contract, Rembielinski received in the dowry Krosniewice and Mezenin. In 1819 he married Antonina Weltz. She died in 1868 - Poznan, buried in Kazimierz close to Szamotuly.
Antonina Rembielinska nee Weltz, born ca 1800, had 2 sons of the 1st marriage: Eugeniusz Rembielinski and Aleksander. She moved home to the Great Poland in 1841, and married Wincenty Skarzynski. She died in Poznan.
Aleksander - the owner of Krosniewice, and Eugeniusz - was staying in Augsburg.

Named Kazmierz near to Szamotuly, is situated close to Radzyny and Komorowo, Bytyn, Mrowino.

In the summer of 1820, Rajmund Rembielinski was presented to the Administrative Board, his economic plan; in 1821, the Government Commission on Internal Affairs and the Police entrusted Rembielinski with creating cloth settlements in Zgierz, Przedecz close to IZBICA KUJAWSKA, Lodz, Dabie, Gostynin, Leczyca, Gabin, Rawa, Brda and Skierniewice. In 1818 he was a deputy to the Parliament of the Biebrza county,
in 1820 - Marshal of the Parliament and state councilor.

The fate of OPACKI family [see above about Agnieszka Helena Opacka] after the partitions is unknown.
Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty Opacki in 1771 received from his father: Mezenin, Rutki (located in 1760), parts of the villages of Ozar and Ozarka in the Lomza county, Gielczyn south to LOMZA, parts of the villages of Brzostowo-Siestrzanka and Rutkowskie; mansion in Praga; Krosniewice in the province of Leczyca.

MEZENIN:
Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty Opacki the great-great-grandson of Wojciech Opacki, the only son of Stanislaw - patriot, social activist, manager and entrepreneur; Opacki Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty (1741 or 1742-1806), official of Wiski, general major in 1794. Born in Mezinin in a parish of Rutki (close to Lomza), the son of Stanislaw (died 1784), a deputy to the Parlaiment, and his first wife, Konstancja Pelkowska / Pelka ?
In 1759 under the protection of Jan Klemens Branicki, served captain in the army; close to Izabela Poniatowski, sister of King Stanislaw August; 1769 he became a royal chamberlain; managed Bialystok estate;
he had one daughter Agnieszka Helena Konstancja, a well-educated woman who married Rajmund Rembielinski and the estate passed into the hands of the Rembielinski family.
Then it was sold by Eugeniusz Rembielinski to the Jewish hands.

Mezenin - a village in the Zambrow county, close to Rutki.

Krosniewice - a city in the Kutno county, 15 km west of Kutno; 1775 the owner Karol Saryusz Gomolinski receives from King Stanislaw August Poniatowski a privilege for Krosniewice;
1793, the city was occupied by Prussia, later in the Congress Kingdom. Here is the Rembielinski palace and park, and a monument to Prince Józef Poniatowski in 1814; 39 km south-east is IZBICA KUJAWSKA.
Karol Sariusz Gomolinski, 1696-1784 was the son of
Jan GOMOLINSKI and Bielicka.
Karol Sariusz Gomolinski d. 1784 in Krosniewice, a Polish judge, a chamberlain; married ca 1730, Helena Pokrzywnicka, with children:
1. Józefata Gomolinska 1738-1823 + Wladyslaw Skarbek, 2nd to Szymon Dzierzbicki;
2. Franciszka Kunegunda Gertruda Gomolinska;
3. Ignacy Gomolinski, MP, official in Rzeczyca , 1740-1793;
4. Marianna Saryusz-Gomolinska b. ca 1740 - died in 1800, m. Count Chryzanty Gabriel Rafal Opacki MP, Count in 1797, 1741-1806,
with daughter Agnieszka Helena Opacka 1777-1863, m. Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski 1775-1841, 2nd to Józef Bechon.
5. Katarzyna Barbara Sariusz-Gomolinska b. 1742.

Compare - GOSTYCZYNA:

Gostyczyna - close to Nowe Skalmierzyce, 3 km to the Prosna river; 10/13 km south of KALISZ and ca 30 km north of BOBROWNIKI by the Prosna river.
Ksawery Pstrokonski / Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783 [his mother Konstancja ZAREMBA died in 1753], m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with 2 daughters: Marianna Pstrokonska, and Wiktoria PSTROKONSKA married Marcin Kiedrzynski, son of Jakub Kiedrzynski and Ewa Gomolinska or Anna Gomolinska [born ca 1680/1700 ?].

Kiedrzynski, Jakub junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798, buried in KALISZ.

Jakub Kiedrzynski - Ostoja, SENIOR, b. 1668, died in 1729.

Interesting reading:
GOMOLINSKI / Gomulinski, JERZY b. ca 1620 ?; m. Anna Lis Starzenska, the daughter of Wojciech, with sons:
1. Marcin Gomolinski, b. ca 1640/1650, inf. 1670 owner of Lubca, Kuznica Lubiecka and part of Wola Pszczólecka; and

2. Mikolaj Gomolinski, died ca 1699, owner of Krzeslów, Kurów, Wypychów, m. Zofia Drozdowska, the daughter of Andrzej Stefan; with Stefan, Marcin, Katarzyna Jelowiecki.

Maybe Ewa Kiedrzynska b. ca 1700, was the daughter of named above Marcin or Mikolaj Gomolinski.

The GLUCHÓW parish and Kiedrzynski:
close to TUREK, to TOKARY and MILEJOW; south-west to DOBRA.

1658 - the godparents: Jan Kazimierz Czynski Colonel, and Teofila Gomolinska.

Jan. 1736 in Wilczków, Antoni Pawel Sebastian Pstrokonski was born, the son of Maciej Pstrokonski and Konstancja Zareba; godparents: Franciszek Potocki of Mikulice, and Bona Zareba of Przespolew.

1738, May in Wilczków, Jan Antoni Maciej Kiedrzynski was born, the son of Marcin Kiedrzynski and Wiktoria Pstrokonska; godparents: Maciej Pstrokonski of Wilczkow, and Bona Zareba of Przespolew.

1738, July, Gluchów, here was born Jakub Wawrzyniec Michal Kiedrzynski
[acc. to me JAKUB Kiedrzynski, junior, then official in KALISZ, was the brother of IZYDOR KIEDRZYNSKI of JEDLNO]
son of Andrzej Kiedrzenski / Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowska, with godparents: Marcin Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska-Jackowska, of Wilczkow.

1740, January in Gluchow, was born Kacper Maciej son of named above Andrzej Kiedrzenski [Kasper Kiedrzynski son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski] and Franciszka Jackowski; godparents: Tomasz Galczynski the owner of Gluchow, and Konstancja Pstrokonska of Wilczkow.

1741 in Wilczków, Dorota Apolonia Papieski was born; godparents: Andrzej Kiedrzenski of Gluchow, and Katarzyna Papieska of Wilczkow.

In Gluchów, 1741, Marianna, the daughter of named Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowskich; godparents: Stanislaw Papieski of Wilczkow and young Jackowska of Gluchow.

1742 in Wilczków, Stanislaw Papieski junior was born.

1743, bpt. of Dorota Apolonia Kiedrzynska, the daughter of above Andrzej Kiedrzenski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska; the godparents: Mikolaj Napruszewski and his wife Anna.

1747 in Wilczków, godfather Walenty Galczynski and Franciszka Skrzetuska of Wilczkow.

In KALISZ, buried in Church of St. Family:
Gomolinski, Józef, in 1788.
Gorzenski, Jan, in 1692.
Kiedrzynska, Brygilla, on 16 Jan. 1786.
Kiedrzynski, Jakub, junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798.
Kierski, Józef, in 1737.
Kierzynska, Anna, 1728.
Kierzynska, Kostancya in 1744.
Kierzynski, Jan, 1744.

On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn z Wrzesni Bardzki died in 1793, and Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska b. 1770,
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.

Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski

{see on Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; the son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
famous hero Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski,
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty Józef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.
Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
above Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847

[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797.

Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka.
Melchior's brother was named Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825}

with the son Andrzej Pradzynski 1794-1872
{born in KOWALEW / Kowalewo close to Pleszew, and 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK; close to Lutynia, Fabianow and KOTLIN. Died in 1872 in Zerkowo / ZERKOW close to Nowe Miasto by the WARTA river, and north to Jarocin, north-west to PLESZEW}.

ANDRZEJ Pradzynski married 1st Apolonia Szulc
{with son Józef Antoni Pradzynski b. 1832, married to Maria Barbara Leokadia Drzenska in 1867 / 1868 in Szemborowo close to Wrzesnia}
and 2nd with unknown, with son Maksymilian Pradzynski.

Above Józef Antoni Pradzynski b. 1832 in Lubochnia close to Tomaszow Mazowiecki, had children:
1. Jan + Maria Bochynska;
2. Waclaw + Kornelia Preibisz 1870-1918;
3. Stefan;
4. Jadwiga Pradzynska;
5. Andrzej 1872-1938 + Józefa Jaraczewska.
6. Aleksander.

And now on SULIMIERSKI - PRADZYNSKI branch:

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825.
W. Maciej Sulimierski / Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski, the owner of the Wiesiolka village and the owner of ZIELENCICE, where he lived and the future godfather of Filip SULIMIERSKI [December 22, 1843 / Jan. 1844], was pardoned in the Russian court after 1834 although he was arrested for the guerrilla.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
famous hero Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski,
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty Józef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.

Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847 [note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

Nepomucena Pradzynska married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski, ca 1810 to ca 1825, son of Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846, and Marianna Radziminska.
Nepomucena's children:
Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Mentioned above Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; the son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka !
Husband of Marcjanna Marianna BRONIKOWSKA;
father of
Nepomucena Moszczenska Sulimierska;

Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski

[see 'ZWIAZEK KOSYNIEROW' and
Free Poles Association / Free Lechytes - a secret patriotic organization in 1819-1823 in the Kingdom of Poland;
founded in November 1819 in Warsaw by Tadeusz Krepowiecki, Wiktor Heltman and Ludwik Piatkiewicz; among the members were Ignacy Pradzynski, Seweryn Goszczynski, Maurycy Mochnacki, Stanislaw Jachowicz, Józef Kozlowski and Ksawery Bronikowski - all about 40 members.
They fought on full unification of the Polish lands and the independence of the state; called for fight with the Russian invaders, prepare papers and readings. Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association. He was member of the Patriotic Society. When Alexander I went to the congress of the Holy Alliance to Opava (in early 1821 moved to Ljubljana), he to sign an agreement to intervene in the event of a revolution.
Arrived from Warsaw in 1821, Ignacy Pradzynski put forward the project of independence of the Great Poland's branch of the National Freemasonry. They were renamed the Union of Scytheman, 1820-1826.
In 1819, the Association of Free Poles with Wiktor Heltman was created. See below on IGNACY Pradzynski];

Wincenty Józef Pradzynski
[see on WOLA WIAZOWA]
and
Sylwia Zuzanna Krasicka.

Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, was the brother of Józefina Gertruda Pradzynska; Melchior Jan Pradzynski !; Antonina Joanna Malgorzata; and Ludwika Klara Róza Modliborska; inf. by Leszek Mila.

Note on Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski:

He was born on July 20, 1792 in Sanniki, died on August 4, 1850 on the island of Heligoland / Helgoland; division general of the Army of the Kingdom of Poland, commander-in-chief of the November Uprising. 1793, the village Sanniki was in the Prussian partition. From 1807 Sanniki belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw, and from 1815 to the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian Partition.
Maybe he was born on July 18 in Poznan - as Pradzynski himself stated in his files;
He grew up in a very patriotic atmosphere - his father fought in 1794 in a partisan unit commanded by Jan Henryk Dabrowski.
Ignacy Pradzynski was sent to Dresden;
returned to his homeland in November 1807, volunteered for the 11th Infantry Regiment of the Warsaw Duchy, was stationed in Poznan in 1806

{Count Stanislaw Mielzynski on 24 Nov. 1806, was appointed colonel of the Napoleonic army and began to organize the 3rd Infantry Regiment; Col. Stanislaw Mielzynski was stationed in Pawlowice; in August 1807 in Poznan under Colonel Mielzynski. The 3rd Infantry Regiment / the Legia of Poznan received the number 11th and was part of the 3rd Infantry Division, of General J. H. Dabrowski.
Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski born in 1778, Rabin, died 1826, Pawlowice, Count, Freemason, Brigadier General of the Polish Army.
Stanislaw was the son of Maksymilian Antoni (1738-1799), and Konstancja Czapska;
Stanislaw Mielzynski in 1810 - General;
in 1815, he moved to his estates in Pawlowice [see the Merkel family], Kakolewo, Poniec, Smogulec, Golancz, under the Prussian partition.
There he was very active as a freemason, especially in lodges supporting the conspiratorial struggle for independence and the unification of Poland, such as the Poznan lodge - the Scytheman Union / Scythemen, which Mielzynski was leading, or in a secret Masonic organization created by Valerian Lukasinski.
In 1800, Mielzynski married the Honorata Zaremba and he had son Leon and three daughters:
Laura (Eleonora) married Józef Napoleon Czapski with the son famous
Bogdan Hutten-Czapski
- compare the Polish independence conspiracy in Belarus};

Gdansk until 1809; in 1814 in LOMZA.

Named above Sanniki in the Gostyn county, here in 1828 was Fryderyk Chopin [compare his visit in Scotland], at half way from Plock to Sochaczew, 13 km west to ILOW.
On April 20, 1815, Ignacy Pradzynski in Warsaw was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and assigned to quartermaster services.
In 1819, Ignacy Pradzynski associated himself with the Polish independence conspiracy -
first in the Union of True Poles / 'LECHICI' in 1819,
then in the Union of SCYTHEMAN / Scythemen / 'Kosynierzy' in 1820,
and finally with the Polish Patriotic Society.

In 1826, when officers belonging to the conspiracy were arrested, Pradzynski was also taken prisoner. He was married in 1825 and was living in Augustów [?] - Emilia Rutkowska of Chelmica [Chelmica Duza 13 km north to WLOCLAWEK] and Miedzechów b. 1808,
had Helena (1826-1854), painter, m. Stanislaw Herniczek, and Sylwia (1831-1862), writer.

In April 1821 in Warsaw, Polish conspirators conducted talks in which participate:

Lukasinski - 1819 National Freemasonry,
Colonel Kozakowski - acted in LWOW,
Colonel Pradzynski [in June 1820 in Poznan with General Uminski],
Szczaniecki of the Great Poland 1819-1820,
General Uminski from the Poznan Duchy, National Freemasonry, Kosciuszko supporter,
Wierzbolowicz,
Colonel Dobrogojski,
Cichowski - the Tax official,
Sobanski from VOLHYNIA,
Teodor Morawski - magazine publisher of 'Orzel Bialy',
Aleksander Oborski

[Colonel, acted in Wilno together with
Jozef Gruzewski and Stanislaw GRUZEWSKI,
Romer,
Biallozor,
Stanislaw SOLTAN

{Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki was son of Jerzy Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicze, officer in Livland, b. 1710 + Rozalia Korsak-Udzielska 1735- 1789. Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki of Livland / Inflanty, born ca 1730, married in ca 1775 to Augusta Soltan b. ca 1750 or 1760
[daughter of Stanislaw Soltan 1698 - 1758, and Helena Römer; the granddaughter of Samuel Soltan 1654 - 1735; and great-granddaughter of Hieronim Wladyslaw Soltan],
with:
1. Elzbieta Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1780, m. Benedykt Wawrzecki of Braslaw, b. ca 1760, 2nd to Krütz;
2. Józef Piottuch-Kublicki of Zawilie, m. Karolina Soltan.

Half sister of above named Stanislaw Soltan 1698 - 1758 was Teodora Soltan 1700 - 1774 + Jerzy Stanislaw Sapieha, with daughter Krystyna Róza Massalska b. 1724.

Brother of above Augusta Soltan / Soltan / Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1750 or 1760, was Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, born in 1756 in Berdyczów, died 1836 in Jelgava, now Latvia; CONSPIRATOR, he was son of Stanislaw Soltan and Helena Römer;
husband of Franciszka Teofila Radziwill b. 1751 and 2nd to Konstancija Taplockyte / Konstancja Toplicka.

Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, b. 1756, was father of
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan, CONSPIRATOR;
Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka (Karolina b. ca 1790, wife of Józef Piottuch-Kublicki);
Helena Soltan;
Anna Soltan;
Stanislaw Soltan junior; and
Helena Eysmont.

Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, b. 1756, was half brother of Juozas Weyssenhoff; Ksawery Weyssenhoff; Mykolas Jonas Veisenhofas and Jan Weyssenhoff, acc. to geni.com.
Above Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, husband of Idalia b. 1801, daughter of Aleksander Michal Pociej, CONSPIRATOR},

Stanislaw Mikulicz,
Teofil Mikulicz,
Stefan Mackiewicz,
Stanislaw Mackiewicz,

KAROL PROZOR

[Karol Prozor b. 1759, died in 1841 in Chojniki, west to DNIEPR, and MOZYRZ; in the 18th century in the Owrucz county, the Kiev province.
Chojniki - the manor of Józef PROZOR and Karol Prozor.
Prozor Józef (1723-1788), MP, voivode of Vitebsk. Born in Bobcin in Zmudz / Samaites, a son of Stanislaw PROZOR (died around 1756), official in Kaunas, and his first wife, Róza Siruc. JOZEF was married three times. The first wife was Felicjanna Szczyt (died after 1764), daughter of Józef SZCZYTT, official in Mscislaw; the second - Aleksandra Zaranek (died in Dudzicze in 1771), the wedding on September 7, 1767; third Maria Chalecka 1st voto Adam Szujski (c. 1751-1826). JOZEF from the first marriage had two daughters: Petronela Karenga, and Maria (died 1833), the wife of Ignacy Bykowski, the royal chamberlain;
and three sons:
Karol PROZOR;
Antoni PROZOR and
Ignacy PROZOR / Ignacy Kajetan Prozor + ANIELA OSKIERKA.
From the second marriage JOZEF had daughters: Róza (died on June 22, 1834), married in 1785 to Stanislaw Jelski;
and Barbara PROZOR, married to Franciszek Bukaty and 2nd to Ksawery Lipski.
JOZEF PROZOR studied in Królewiec, 1734-6 (Stanislaw Leszczynski was then residing there), and 1737 he was educated at the Knight's Academy in Lunéville, which he left in 1741.

Franciszek Bukaty (born in August 1747, died on June 15, 1797) - Polish diplomat, royal chamberlain, freemason; chargé d'affaires of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1775 -1777 and 1788-1789, envoy-minister of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1777, Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1787 and in 1793-1795. Married to Barbara Prozor, and she had Sierhiejewicze in a dowry.

Aniela Oskierka, 1770-1804, married Ignacy Kajetan Prozor b. ca 1770 [see OSWIEJA and Malkiewicz. Ignacy Kajetan Prozor was General major of the Kowno county],
with:
Kornela Prozor Rokicka, 1800-1835;
Henryk Prozor;
Maurycy Prozor 1st senior 1801-1886 + Anna Chlopicka b. ca 1810. Maurycy Prozor senior was born in Rothley-Temple, Leicestershire, died in 1886. PROZOR Maurycy was the commander of the Kowno Uprising.

ANIELA's had brothers Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka; and Rafal Michal Oskierka, 1761-1818.
They were children of Jan Mikolaj Oskierka 1735-1796 - see the plot of KOSCIUSZKO and PROZOR - married in 1761 to Barbara Rokicka.

Named Rothley Temple / Rothley Preceptory / Rowth-Ley, was a preceptory in the village of Rothley, Leicestershire, England, associated with both the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller. The chapel was constructed by the Knights Templar],

Count Aleksander POCIEJ

[Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, married Idalia Pociej b. 1801
{Idalia Pociej 1790 - 1839},
the daughter of named above Aleksander Michal Pociej.
Leonard Pociej 1727 - 1774 - who was son of Aleksander Pociej senior {more below} and Teresa Brzostowska - was the brother of Anna Tyszkiewicz; Karolina Radziwill and Ludwik Pociej.
Leonard had son - Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846). Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846) was the husband of Anna Korzeniowska; he was the father of Teodor Pociej and named Idalia Pociej 1790 - 1839 married Soltan.
Above Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846) was son of Maria Aleksandra Radziwill POCIEJ, b. 1753; his grandfather was Wojciech Albrycht Radziwill 1717-1762.
Aleksander Pociej senior, 1698 - 1770, was son of Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej. Above Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej 1666 - 1728, was son of Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina.
Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej was brother of Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.

Above Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army, his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.
Ludwik Konstanty was father of Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715) who married to Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) with daughter
Justyna KALINOWSKA Borzecka (m. Ignacy Kalinowski born ca 1720 died 1782).
Her son was count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
Justyna nee Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error). Above named Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski was born 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:

1. Jozef Kalinowski / Osip Kalinowski, the general of Polish Army, b. after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790
{Marianna Elzbieta Uvarova nee Lubomirska, ca 1766 - d. 1810, was daughter of Kasper Lubomirski and Barbara Poninska; she was the wife of Protazy Antoni Potocki; Count Valerian Zubov, and Uvarov; she was the mother of above Emilia Kalinowska},
2. Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 and
3. Justyna Kalinowska married Russocka b. 1790 d. 1876.
Above Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 had son Wladyslaw Kalinowski.

Children of mentioned count Jozef Kalinowski:
1. Seweryna b. 1814 d. 1852,
2. Jozefina Kalinowska married Oginska, born 1816 and died 1844;
3. Olga born 1822, died 7 April 1899 in Retow;
4. probably M. Kalinowska (Maria Kalinowska Trubecka) married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki was sister of above Seweryna, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course (see the Konstantynowiczs in Estonia)!

Above countess Olga Kalinowska born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus, in 1844, and her son Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 who married to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki [compare MIELZYNSKI of PAWLOWICE and WOLSZTYN].
I wrote above that the grandfather of Olga, Jozefina and Seweryna {and Maria Trubecka} was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
The grandson of named above Seweryna nee Kalinowska was Mikolaj Plautin, b. 1868 who married to Maria Michajlowna Rajewska 1872 - 30 December 1942.
Her mother: Marija Grigorievna nee Gagarin - her sister Anastazja Grigorievna nee Gagarin b. 1853 died 1876 married to
Piotr Michajlovich Orlov Denisov born 1852 who was son of Michail Vasilievich Orlov Denisov born 1823, who was brother of Nadiezda married Katenin.

Grandfather of above Marija nee Rajewskaja was Mikolaj Mikolajevich Rajevskij Younger / RAJEWSKI MIKOLAJ from the Kiev government, Moscow and St Petersburg; b. 14 September 1801; and the second grandfather of above Maria nee Rajewska was Grigorij Grigorievich Gagarin b. 1810 d. 1893],

Ignacy ZAWISZA of Kowno,

Duke Konstanty Radziwill of Nowogrodek

[After the death of prince Maciej Radziwill in 1800, Poloneczka was inherited by his son, Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill (1793-1869), by his mother Elzbieta Chodkiewicz Radziwill. In 1815, Konstanty Radziwill married Maria Grabowska, who died in 1826. 2nd marriage to Celestyna Sulistrowska. Konstatnty m. 3rd to Adela Karnicka.
Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill was, among others, a member of the Vilnius Education Commission (1820), chamberlain of the tsarist court (1832), marshal of the nobility of the Nowogródek Province (1832-1835), a correspondent member of the Imperator Russian Geographical Society.
During this period he became friends with Wladyslaw Syrokomla.
Prince Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill / Constantine was the leader of a secret patriotic association operating in Lithuania, which led to his arrest. He made contact with the decembrists, and met in Vilnius in 1823 several times with Aleksander Bestuzew.
His son Maciej Józef Radziwill (1842-1907) after returning from exile in Russia, married Jadwiga Krasinska in 1867 (1843-1913), heiress of the property Zegrze near Warsaw],

Woynillowicz,
Nowomiejski in Wilno,

ADAM SOLTAN

[Above Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, husband of Idalia POCIEJ, b. 1801, daughter of Aleksander Michal Pociej;
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 was father of Aleksander Stanislaw August Soltan and Maria Anna Sierakowska. Above Aleksander Stanislaw August Soltan 1821 - 1853, was father of Stefania Ludwika de Virion.

Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan was the brother of Karolina SOLTAN Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1790 + Józef Piottuch-Kublicki b. ca 1780.

Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwll was the father of Stanislaw Radziwill 1722 - 1787, who had the daughter Franciszka Teofila Soltan b. circa 1751 and her son was above mentioned Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan - the Polish conspirator.

Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810, married 1st to Józef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 [maybe the brother of IGNACY SZUMSKI / Ignatius Shumsky b. ca 1800, of Chobienice], and she was married second to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA.
Her sister Emilia Piottuch- Kublicka b. 1803 + Wincenty Smokowski.
Józef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800, supposedly lost a large landed estate. He never left the home without the box of dueling pistols. He known Duke Wittgenstein; that is Ludwik Adolf Fryderyk Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (1799-1866) who in 1828 married Stefania Radziwill, daughter of Dominik Radziwill.
OKTAWIA was the daughter of Józef Piottuch-Kublicki b. ca 1780 - official in Zawilie, b. 1780 - and Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780/1790;
above mentioned Józef Piottuch-Kublicki of Zawilie, had a sister:
Elzbieta Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1780, m. Benedykt Wawrzecki of Braslaw, b. ca 1760, 2nd to Krütz.

JOZEF was the son of Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki of Livland / Inflanty, born ca 1730, married in ca 1775 to Augusta Soltan b. ca 1750 or 1760.

AUGUSTA Soltan Kublicka come from:
daughter of Stanislaw Soltan senior, 1698 - 1758, and Helena Römer;
the granddaughter of Samuel Soltan 1654 - 1735; and
great-granddaughter of Hieronim Wladyslaw Soltan.

Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki was son of Jerzy Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicze, officer in Livland, b. 1710 + Rozalia Korsak-Udzielska 1735- 1789.

Half sister of above named Stanislaw Soltan, senior, 1698 - 1758 was Teodora Soltan 1700 - 1774 + Jerzy Stanislaw Sapieha, with daughter Krystyna Róza Massalska b. 1724.

Brother of above Augusta Soltan / Soltan / Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1750 or 1760, was Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, junior, born in 1756 in Berdyczów, died 1836 in Jelgava, now Latvia; he was son of Stanislaw Soltan SENIOR, and Helena Römer;
Stanislaw SOLTAN junior was the husband of Franciszka Teofila Radziwill b. 1751
and 2nd to Konstancija Taplockyte / Konstancja Toplicka.
Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, junior, b. 1756, was half brother of Juozas Weyssenhoff; Ksawery Weyssenhoff; Mykolas Jonas Veisenhofas and Jan Weyssenhoff, acc. to geni.com.

KAROLINA Soltan Piottuch Kublicka was the daughter of Stanislaw Soltan junior, 1756-1836 and Franciszka Teofila Radziwill at Nieswiez b. ca 1751, daughter of Stanislaw Radziwill 1722 - 1787, who was son of Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill 1688 - 1746.

Oktawia's siblings:
1. Anna Benislawska
(born Piottuch-Kublicki in 1809, d. 1885 + Józef Benislawski, 1790-1852, with: Leon Benislawski 1846-1935, Jan 1847- 1899, Stanislaw, Konstanty, Adolf, Edward, Ludwik Benislawski, Helena Benislawska b. before 1852);

2. Walentyna Soltan
(born Piottuch-Kublicka, b. ca 1800 / 1810 + Wladyslaw Józef Soltan b. 1795, died in 1843, son of Benedykt b. 1770 and Józefa Benislawska.
Walentyna's daughter was Oktawia Soltan, 1830 - 15.8.1871 in Kazan + in 1849 to Wladyslaw Hieronim Samuel Soltan, 1824 - 1900, the January Uprising 1863);

3. Stanislaw Piottuch-Kublicki born 1804;

4. above Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810 + Józef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 + 2nd to Dominik Konstantynowicz;

5. Emilia Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1803 + Wincenty Smokowski 1797 - 1876, son of Michal Smokowski and Konstancja Mickiewicz;

6. Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki + Ida Oginska b. ca 1820 / 1813 / 1810.
Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki born 1810 + Ida Oginska had the son Karol Piottuch Kublicki b. ca 1850 (+ Zofia Eysymont, 1840 / 1848 - died 1926, daughter of Oktawiusz EYSYMONT, and Helena Soltan)],

Michal HOFFMAN,
JAN CHODZKO

{Jozef Chodzko / Joseph CHODZKO 1723-1782, and Konstancja BUJNICKA had children:
1.
Ludwik Tadeusz Chodzko / Louis Thadee CHODZKO, 1769-1843, married to Waleria DEDERKO with son
Leonard CHODZKO, 1800-1871 who married to Olympe MALESZEWSKI / Olimpia Maleszewska

[Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a. 1st to Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI / PIOTR Maleszewski, with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO b. 1800 - died in 1871;

b. m. 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET 1776 - 1858 with children:
A. Louis François Clément BREGUET 1804 - 1883 married to Charlotte Eugénie Caroline LASSIEUR 1815 - 1889 with children:
Louise BREGUET 1847-1930,
Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882,
Madeleine BREGUET 1853-1877;
B. Louise Charlotte Clémentine BREGUET 1810 - 1887 married to Dr LIONNET.

Jeanne Françoise Félicité Garran de Coulon, was 2nd wife of PIOTR MALESZEWSKI / Pierre Jean Maleszewski, resident at rue du Pont de Lodi.
Jeanne Maleszewska nee Garran de Coulon, was daughter of Jean-Philippe Garran / Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon / Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON who was b. April 10, 1749 or 29/04/1749 (born in Saint-Maixent on 19 April 1748), died on 10/12/1816 in PARIS - FRANCE (or 19-11-1816 / December 19, 1816); he was a French politician, was born in HAUTE-SAÔNE - FRANCE; Secretary of Henrion de Pansey in Paris; lawyer in 1789; member of the legislative in 1791; member of the Institute. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon, lawyer in Paris. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon took part in the agitation preceding the meeting of the States General and was elected alternate member of the Third Estate of Paris. Member of the first and the second Paris Commune, he directed the Research Committee - the police, and presented the insurrection on 14 July 1789 as the member of conspiracy. Maleszewski Piotr known J. P. Garran de Coulon, who had daughters: 1. Jeanne Françoise Félicité GARRAN de COULON; 2. Félicité-Françoise GARRAN DE COULON.

Garran-Coulon, member of the Comite des Recherches was writing 'Report on the troubles of Santo Domingo'; Garran-Coulon, the left- leaning deputy wrote the report, noted on Oge affair in Saint-Domingue. "...BORD appears to have gratuitously added Garran's name to a passage from the 'Proces-verbal des Electeurs' which described a group of unnamed Electors angrily denouncing Flesselles. ...".
B. M. Shapiro wrote:
"Eager to demonstrate that all of the violent eruptions of summer 1789 were parts of a carefully orchestrated Masonic plot and equally eager to connect the Comite des Recherches to this plot, Gustave Bord was trying to persuade his readers that GARRAN, the author of the Comite's published brief against those servants of the Monarchy who had escaped the July violence, was
a 'point man' in a well-planned effort to eliminate a host of top royal officials.
For, having helped dispose of Flesselles and Berthier, Garran's next assignment, in Bord's eyes, was to engineer the judical assassination of BESENVAL:
'At each event, he launches the word or phrase which compromises the man in the hot seat... Garran de Coulon was certainly partly responsible for the assassinations of the Prevot des Marchands and the Intendant de Paris, and now he is given the task of rendering a legal opinion on the question of whether those in authority in JULY (1789) were guilty'.
By adding his 'evidence' linking Garran to the Flesselles and Berthier assassinations to his extravagant vision of the Comite des Recherches as 'the model for all these revolutionary committes which, in a few months, will put the executioner to work on a full-time basis', BORD was able construct the following equation: July Massacres = Comite des Recherches = Terror. ...". ];

see below - Sulkowski and on the Venture of Paradise, the Breguet family and Duflon - Konstantynowicz Company!
2.
above Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 m. Klara KORSAK, d. 1852, with son
Alexandre CHODZKO 1802-1891.

Jan Chodzko / Jan Borejko Chodzko (1776 in Wilno, died 1851 - Minsk), was the father of
1. Jozef Chodzko / Joseph (see below), the Russian general, surveyor and geographer
[Joseph Chodzko / Józef Boreyko Chodzko or Khodzko, born 1800 in Krzywicze, ex-the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, died in 1881 in Tiflis / Tbilisi, a General-topographer and Polish geographer. He stayed in Paris in 1843, where he met Adam Mickiewicz and his three brothers: Alexandre, Michel and Stanislas, and his cousin Leonard - all Polish nationalists];
2. Alexander / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko (1804 in Krzywicze, died 1891 in Noisy-le-Sec), poet, orientalist and Slavist, a professor at the College of France
[Aleksander was arrested in 1830/1831 and taken to St. Petersburg where he met the father, then above Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia. Next he was the Russian consul in Persia, then professor of Slavic literature at the College de France, well-known author who married to Helena Jundzill, daughter of Victor, with her sons, Victor Chodzko m. Mary Baldassari];
3. Stanislas, chemist; and
4. Michal Chodzko, Polish poet.

Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 (see below), the son of above Józef Chodzko and Konstancyia Bujnicki, married to Clara Korsak -
Jan was the President of the Civil Minsk Chamber, and the School Inspektor of the Province of Vilnius and Minsk; died in 1851, buried in Zaslaw.
Jan Borejko Chodzko born 1776 in Wilno was the Chairman of Minsk Supreme Court; Chairman of the University of Wilno; awarded the Order of St. Vladimir; chamberlain of the Wilno district. He prevented the Russians burning of MINSK, before evacuating of the town. Considering Napoleon as the liberator of Poland, as a good patriot, he slept Russian vigilance and introduced the Marshal Davoust in stores of food and ammunition - Napoleon heard the news; after the retreat of the French, he had to flee Poland but he returned thanks to the amnesty of the Emperor Alexander.
He was the founder of two Masonic lodges, one in Vilnius and one in Minsk. He was the top member of a patriotic secret society before and after the uprising of 29 November 1830, and
he was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg where he met in prison his son Alexander who was also arrested, it was the last time that they saw themselves. Jan was sentenced to 5 years in prison and deported to Russia. His eldest son Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia.
Jan could not return to his homeland but died in 1851 in Minsk},

JOZEF Billewicz of ROSIENIE

[Józef Billewicz (died 1850) - marshal of the Rosienie county. The son of Mateusz Billewicz and Anna Eugenia Lopacinska. Ruthenian civilian-military commissar of the Duchy of Samogitia (1790), deputy to the Grodno Parliament (1793), president of the border court of the Ruszcza county (1795).
On August 15, 1812, elected as the deputy to the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, later he became the marshal of the nobility in the County Rosienie.
Master of the "Palemon" Masonic Lodge (1820-21) and honorary member of Vilnius lodges: "Perfect Unity" and "Good Shepherd".
In May 1821, he was admitted to the Patriotic Society during the meeting in Vilnius.
He married Anna Szemiot, with two daughters: Urszula + Ludwik Pilsudski; and Kunegunda + Ezekiel Staniewicz.
After his death, the Billewicze estate (today's Biliunai village) passed into the hands of the Pilsudski family.

ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province
{TADEUSZ had daughter Helena Wazgird (Morykoni) and also he had son ADAM / Adomas Bilevicius, b. ca 1750, who was father of Kazimierz Tomasz; and Kaspar Bilewicz, and so on.
Above KASPAR - Kasparas Bilevicius, b. ca 1782, d. 1840, had son
Antoni Billewicz or Tadeusz b. ca 1815, + Helena Michalowska b. 1820, with:
Pranas Bilevicius;
Maria Pilsudska / Maria Billewicz (1842 - 1884; born 1842 in Adomava) + Józef Wincenty Pilsudski
(1833 - 1902. Note:
Antoni Bulhak b. 1898, married to Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873, d. 1921 - her parents: named above Maria Pilsudska nee Billewicz + Józef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833.

MARIA JUCHNIEWICZ had the brother - Józef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867);
Wiktor Billewicz and
Zofia Zubow b. ca 1860.
Above ZOFIA: Zofia Zubow nee Billewicz, was born circa 1860, married Wlodzimierz Zubow before 1887, with son Wlodzimierz Zubow b. 1887 Szawle [Šiauliai / Šiaule north of Raseiniai] - d. 1959 in Kowno},

2. Jerzy BILEWICZ, studied in Królewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};

3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz;

4. Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ;
Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons:
Józef, MP in 1793 {Józef Billewicz (died 1850) - marshal of the Rosienie county; the member of the Patriotic Society};
Jan;
Ignacy;
Tadeusz junior.
Mateusz Bilewicz was the official in Rosienie, MP],

Gruzewski of SZAWLE,
Wagner,
Korbutt,
Buczynski,
Przeciszewski,
Barankiewicz,
lawyer Kulczycki of Wilno,
Strumillo,
ZAN

{Tomasz Zan, Promienisty, 1796 in Miasata, in the Minsk province, d. 1855 in KAKOWCZYN / Kochaczyn. Son of Karol Zan and Katarzyna. Husband of Brygida Swietorzecka b. 1825; her brothers - Fortunat Swietorzecki, Mieczyslaw Swietorzecki and MICHAL of Malinowszczyzna. Her sister Wanda Swietorzecka (Dederko).
She was the daughter of Stanislaw Swietorzecki.
Note:
Witold Pilecki had summer holidays in Hawrylkowo in the SIENNO county. Hawrylkowo belonged to his grandmother Wanda Majewska married Lucjan Osiecimski, d. in Hawrylkowo / Gawrylkowo before 1908 after work in Pietrozawodzk. Lucjan Jan Osiecimski + Wanda Helena Majewska.
Gawrylkowo was situated close to the Doliwo Dobrowolski estates and near to KACHATSHYN / Kakowczyn owned by Tomasz Zan with wife BRYGIDA SWIETORZECKA; Kakowczyn + Szyrkowszczyzna owned by Brygida Zan at the beginning of the 20th cent.;
Kakowczyn that is Kakoucyna / Kakoutschyna / Kokovcino, north to Smolany - south to Bieleniewo / Bielenieva, 7 km; south-west to Bogushev station; in the SIENNO county.
In the Kakoucyna / Kakoutschyna / Kokovcino / Kakchinsky volost / district, the Sienno county, the Mogilev governorate - was situated named Hawrylkowo / Gawrylkowo of OSIEMCIMSKI - Gavrilkovo, farm, close to Germanovo, Kuliki, Doganovka.

Kazimierz Dederko / Dederka of the Oszmiany county in 1783 and 1788, died in 1800 in Oborek; married Wiktorja Kamienska with 5 children,
the daughter Waleria Chodzko / Walerja nee Dederko m. Ludwik Chodzko;
sons Barnaba and Józef without children,
son Roch Dederko lieutenant of Napoleon period, owner of Obórka / Oborek, m. to Wanda Swietorzecka, he d. 1856;
they had 2 sons: Kazimierz owner of Obórka, Soter Dederko owner of Puzele.

Puzele and Bludów belonged to Michal Oginski 1793 and 1794.

In Oborek in 1800 was born Leonard Chodzko, son of daughter of Kazimierz Dederko - Walerja, and Ludwik Chodzko; author, 'Historja domu Rawitów Ostrowskich';
in Oborek in 1847-1850 lived Tomasz Zan with wife in 1846, Brygida Swietorzecka, sister of Wanda Swietorzecka who married to Roch Dederko.
Oborki / Aborak / Oborek - manor of Dederko ca 2 km east of Poloczany - south-west of Molodeczno, 6 km south-east of Jachimowszczyna of Swietorzecki.
Malinowszczyzna was a part of Lebedevo / Lebiedziew, bought from Dominik Radziwill by Jakób Swietorzecki;
his son Stanislaw Swietorzecki, m. cousin Swietorzecka, daughter of landlord of Konstantow, Boratycze, in the Mohylew government, 1827; Stanislaw was owner of Malinowszczyzna;
Michal Swietorzecki, son of above Stanislaw; married to Stengelmajer, 2nd to Marja Jasiewicz of Uzblocie and Józefpola in the Oszmiany county; Malinowszczyzna had two plants; Michal Swietorzecki d. 1891, had two sons Boleslaw and Waclaw.
Justyna Stanislawowa Swietorzecka build home in Malinowszczyzna at the Tomasz Zan time},

Labanowski],

attorney Szreder,

Jordan of CRACOW / Ludwik Jordan ?,

Kicinski,

MACHNICKI,

Colonel Krzyzanowski in Warsaw

[The Special Committee in 1825 qualified to judge eight of its members, recruited from the Polish Kingdom:
Captain Franciszek Majewski was born in KASKI - 11 km north-east of Guzow of the Oginskis, near Sochaczew;
Colonel Seweryn Krzyzanowski / Severin / Seweryn Krzyzanowski b. 1787 in Parchamówka in the Skwir county / Skwira
{Seweryn Krzyzanowski (1787 in Parchamówka in Ukraine, died in 1839 in Tobolsk), Lieutenant Colonel of the Polish Army, leader of the Patriotic Society. In 1808 he joined the army of the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1809-1811 in Spain, like MAJEWSKI [see below !]. He was a Freemason. He belonged to the lodge Shield North};

Wojciech Grzymala,
Stanislaw Soltyk

{Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833, senator of the Polish Kingdom, the Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw; in 1779 he was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge of the Three helmets, and in 1811/1812 he was a member of the lodge Temple of Isis [see Wankowicz].
Józef Soltyk in 1787 stayed in Kurozweki at the cousin's [of his father Maciej] home, and here welcomed King Stanislaus Augustus PONIATOWSKI [see Walewski in Volhynia].
Member of Parliament of the Cracow province in 1790 - Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833 - was one of the most active in the preparation of the Constitution in 1791.
In 1794, on a secret mission from Kosciuszko to the Viennese court, interned by the Austrians [see above on PASZKOWSKI and FISZER]; 1795 in exile, he played a leading role, and was one of the first initiators of the Italian's legions, was imprisoned several times by the Prussians and the Austrians;
and Stanislaw Soltyk in 1802 was (along with Tadeusz Czacki) the initiator of the Commercial Association, for export of grain through the Black Sea [see HORODYSKI, Szaniawski].
The president of the Central Committee of the Patriotic Society. 1826-1829, a state prisoner, chaired the 1829 conspiracy;
after the outbreak of the November Uprising, Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833 was honored as the patriarch of the struggle for freedom},

priest Konstanty Dembek, Stanislaw Zablocki, Andrzej Plichta and Roman Zaluski],

Downarowicz of Bialystok in 1822,

Duke Antoni Jablonowski.

Secret societies were called to life in 1819/1821:
The Patriotic Society and
the Scytheman Association / SCYTHEMEN in the Great Poland -
General Stanislaw MIELZYNSKI,
Ignacy Pradzynski,
JAN UMINSKI in 1821 [in Poland in 1822, 5000 members].

Les Freres Anglais et Français Réunis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, subsidiaries of the French Grand Orient, and consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; the champion for a long time was general Wincenty Axamitowski.
Members:
Colonel Stanislaw Mycielski, Józef Poninski, Aleksander Zychlinski, Augustyn Zaborowski, Bernard Rose, Count Kacper Skarbek, Wiktor Szoldrski, General Henryk Dabrowski, General Amilkar Kosinski, Count Aleksander Bninski, Kazimierz Turno, Count Melchior Lacki. In 1812 Faustyn Zakrzewski a master; and Jozef Poniatowski; others members: Barbara Dabrowska, Julianna Poninska, Karolina Palombini, Jaraczewska, Wincentyna Axamitowska, Eufemia Kwasniewska, Sulkowska, and Augustyna Zablocka; Lasocki in Lomza, General Kretkowski in Leczyca, Plichta in Plock, Franciszek Mickiewicz, General Stanislaw Mielzynski, Maximilian and Adam Moszczenski;
it was constituted again in December 1815 and on 16 March 1816 with Zaborowski, and was the meeting mourning for a brother TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO / Thaddeus Kosciuszko on 19 December 1817.
In Dec. 1819 - Jan. 1820 was meeting of General Jan Nepomucen Uminski with Colonel Dobrogoyski, envoy of Kalisz. Dobrogoyski informed on the secret network in Cracow, and Uminski was claiming that is always ready to establish a branch in the Great Poland; he had confidential relations with Lieutenant Colonel Louis Sczaniecki; the secret organisation was formed - probably at the beginning of 1820 in Poznan - national Freemasonry:
Sczaniecki, Count Wiktor Szoldrski, Gajewski, Czapski, Pawlikowski, Morawski, Jarochowski, Karol Stablewski, Klaudiusz Sczaniecki, brothers Bojanowski, Zaborowski, Radomski, Stanislaw Chlapowski, Skórzewski, three brothers Mielzynski, two Potworowski, Tytus Dzialynski, Józef Krzyzanowski, Garstkiewicz, Monkowski, Bukowiecki, Alojzy Zaborowski, Kalinowski, General Pradzynski also in Warsaw.
General Uminski was a member since 1820 with witnesses Morawski, Pradzynski, Adam Grabowski, with a contacts to counties nobility of southern, around Gostyn and Leszno. Maybe a separate filial existed in Leszno. In 1820 gathered a large number of members from the Leszno area; Pradzynski was in Leszno a member of the commission to limit the Russian - Prussian border.

The Union of Scythemen came from the National Poznan Freemasonry.
According to testimony of Pradzynski - General Stanislaw Mielzynski was the chairman of above The Union of Scythemen;
members among others:
judge Morawski and general Uminski, the delegate to the headquarters in Warsaw. The oath was more militancy, than of the national Freemasonry. When in Poznan was founded named above Union, in Warsaw a negotiations were started in the direction of assimilation whole organization. Poznan recommended the creation of the central committee of the whole Poland in Warsaw or Poznan; Uminski stayed in Warsaw since May 6, 1821. To the Association was given the name of the Patriotic Society [in Warsaw]. At the head stood Wierzbolowicz.
Uminski was the formal founder of the Patriotic Society.
In this way national Freemasonry formally ended its life, transforming in 1820 in Poznan to the Union of Scythemen, and in 1821 to the Patriotic Society. People remained the same.
Uminski again was - from February to April 1822 - in Warsaw.
Józef Krzyzanowski, was in Warsaw, too, but soon, in fact Lukasinski was arrested, and also Dobrogoyski and Dobrzycki.
1823 Count Stanislaw Soltyk, later Franciszek Jablonowski, among others, made contact with Russia.

ROMAN SOLTYK:

General Franciszek Paszkowski in 1816 - 1819 lived in the Great Poland, then in Cracow. Acc. to me Paszkowski was secret member of the Union of Scythemen, and he escaped in 1822 to Free City of Cracow.
There he was very active as a mason, especially supported the underground struggle for independence and unification of Poland.
The 'Union of the Scythemen' was a secret organization for Polish independence, which operates in the Poznan region in 1820-1826. It was established on the base of the Poznan National Freemasonry with the head board - Gen. Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski, and General Jan Nepomucen Uminski. Gen. Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski [see Pawlowice and Aleksander Bilewicz senior, and Baszkow close to Krotoszyn - see the branch of Angela Merkel] carried out the unification talks in Warsaw, ending with the transformation of Freemasonry to the National Patriotic Society in May 1821 [Ignacy Pradzynski, Maciej Mielzynski and Louis / LUDWIK Szczaniecki] but was broken in 1826.

Mentioned Maciej Józef Franciszek Mielzynski b. 1799 in Winna Gora, d. on March 5, 1870, Polish political and social activist, a landowner. He was the son of Jozef Mielzynski / Joseph; he was educated in Berlin; he was imprisoned for participating in the 'Union of the Scythemen'; took part in the November Uprising in 1831, served under the command of Dezydery Chlapowski. For a short time he lived in exile, then jailed; also received a high penalty fine.

And now we look at
Roman Soltyk b. 1790 - d. 1843, who was a Polish nobleman, political activist and general [see Wola Pszczolecka and Kalinowski]. Born in Warsaw; Roman was son of Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, and Caroline / Karolina Sapieha.
ROMAN SOLTYK was a member of secret independence organisations in the Congress Poland, like his father, he became a member of the underground Patriotic Society. In 1826 he was imprisoned, but released [see Union of Scythemen]. Linked to the conspiracy of Piotr Wysocki. In 1830, vice-president of the Patriotic Association.

Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833, senator of the Polish Kingdom, the Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw; in 1779 he was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge of the Three helmets, and in 1811/1812 he was a member of the lodge Temple of Isis [see Wankowicz].

MAJEWSKI at head of the TEMPLARS

[Captain Franciszek Majewski, was authorized to set up the Lodge by the Edinburgh, whose members he knew during his stay in England; The TEMPLARS [Templariusze] acted until the outbreak of the November Uprising in Kiev and Berdichev. Many of the Templars were also members of Patriotic Society, like Lieutenant Colonel Seweryn Krzyzanowski. The Patriotic Society also spread to Lithuania, where reached the Masonic circles.
The Templars Masonic Society was founded in 1820 in Volyn.
The arrests, which took place in 1825, after the military coup of the Decembrists, resulted in detection of the Patriotic Society.
Piotr Moszynski born 1800, the member of the TEMPLARS, exiled after 1826 in TOBOLSK, back to CRACOW, was also the Chairman of the Mound of Kosciuszko Committee in Cracow, 1856 - 1878,
after GENERAL Franciszek Paszkowski.

Ca 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836 [in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh"]. The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780. In 1791 - the formation of its first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master.
In 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, became Grand Master himself.
The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St. John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna]. In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!
The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. His mother - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz];

co-operated with
Piotr Lagowski, Zablocki, Uminski of Poznan, Oborski in Lithuania, Ludwik Sobanski in Volhynia, CICHOWSKI in KALISZ, Jordan in Cracow, Romer, Bialozor, Jozef and Stanislaw Gruzewski, A. Soltan, Mikulicz, brothers Mackiewicz,
Karol PROZOR,
Aleksander Pociej, Zawisza, Konstanty Radziwill, Nowomiejski, Billewicz, Karwicki, Jozef ZALEWSKI, Worcell, Narcyz OLIZAR, Piotr Moszynski, PULASKI.

Ignacy Pradzynski was a member of the 'Kosynierzy Union' and one of the founders of the Patriotic Society (1821).
Captive (1826-1829) for belonging to secret organizations. In 1830-1831, during the November Uprising, a subcommand of the Zamosc Fortress, then quartermaster general of the General Staff, commander of the corps of engineers and -
from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - general commander.
Author of war plans against Russia, partly used by general Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki. He was also the author of a plan to coordinate partisan activities in the Kingdom of Poland [compare Sulimierski - Zaliwski movement in 1833; see LUBIEC estate].

The 'Kosynierzy Association' - a secret Polish independence organization operating in the Poznan province in 1820-1826.

It was founded on the base of the Poznan National Masonry. Its ties to the emperor Alexander I were not responsible for the Poznan activists. At the head of the 'Kosynierzy Union' was
General Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski

[Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski born in 1778, Rabin, died 1826, Pawlowice, Count, Freemason.

Count Stanislaw Mielzynski on 24 Nov. 1806, was appointed colonel of the Napoleonic army and began to organize the 3rd Infantry Regiment; Col. Stanislaw Mielzynski was stationed in Pawlowice; in August 1807 in Poznan under Colonel Mielzynski. The 3rd Infantry Regiment / the Legia of Poznan received the number 11th and was part of the 3rd Infantry Division, of General J. H. Dabrowski. Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski - 1810, Brigadier General of the Polish Army.
Stanislaw was the son of Maksymilian Antoni (1738-1799), and Konstancja Czapska].

The delegate to the Kingdom of Poland was General Jan Nepomucen Uminski.
He also in May 1821 carried out unification talks in Warsaw, ending with the transformation of National Freemasonry into the Patriotic Society, to which he had subordinated the 'Union of Scytheman' / SCYTHEMEN, with
Ignacy Pradzynski,
Maciej Mielzynski
and Ludwik Sczaniecki.

It was broken down in 1826, in connection with the deconstruction of the Patriotic Society in the Kingdom of Poland.

Association 'LECHICI':

Association of Free Poles (Association of Free Poles Brothers, Association of Free Lechites) - secret patriotic organization, operating in 1819-1823 in the Kingdom of Poland.
The organization was founded in November 1819 in Warsaw, and leaders were
Tadeusz Krepowiecki,
Wiktor Heltman and
Ludwik Piatkiewicz,
with Seweryn Goszczynski, Maurycy Mochnacki, Stanislaw Jachowicz, Józef Kozlowski and Ksawery Bronikowski.
The Association of Free Poles numbered about 40 members fighting for the full unification of Polish lands and the independence of the state, while promoting the principles of liberalism,
urged to fight against the Russian invader, and prepared papers.
After the arrest of Wiktor Heltman and Ludwik Piatkiewicz in 1821, the activities of the organization weaken. In 1823, the Association of Free Poles was dissolved.

We back to Kiedrzynski - Pstrokonski branch:

Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783, m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with Marianna, and Wiktoria Pstrokonska [b. ca 1740 ?] married Marcin Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1715/1720 ?], son of Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, 1668 - 1729, and Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680 or Anna Gomolinska.

See marriage in RADOMSKO:
1751: Walenty Pagowski m. Franciszka Karsnicka 1voto Ostrowska widowed, with witnesses: Dionizy Zaremba, Kazimierz Ostrowski, Walenty Bleszynski of Roznów, and Brzuchowski.
1756: Adam Rozek m. Marianna Bleszynska in Rozny, marriage in Dobryszyce; witnesses: Walenty Pagowski of Piaszczyce and Walenty Bleszynski.
1761: Sebastian Kobierzycki m. Jadwiga Komornicka of Braclaw from Ladzice; witnesses Walenty Bleszynski, Marian Komornicki.
In 1778:
Ludwik Kiedrzynski m. Róza Bleszynska of Rozny; witnesses: Stefan Siemienski, Adam Rogojski, Melchior Dulski.

In Radomsko:
1739 -
Augustyn was born; mother Agnieszka Kiedrzynska.

In the Sieradz county in 1791/1793:
Kiedrzynski Floryan with his son Leon Kiedrzynski.

Note to FRANKENBERG:

in 1704, Teresa Ruszkowska, widowed after Seweryn Czyzewski, vs. Stanislaw Dominikowski and Zofja Kiedrzynska Dominikowska, 1 voto Adam Drogonski.

We have two noblewomen named Julianna Kiedrzynska:

1. Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811, 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw.
witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ.
2. Note:
Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, was probably a cousin to MARCIN Kiedrzynski, senior, b. ca 1700-1788.

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].

Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna [1st] nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko / ORPISZEWEK in 1809/1811
(Orpiszewko was owned by the Kiedrzynskis);
with daughter Kunegunda born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki Chrzanowska.

Jozef Madalinski was son of Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784 and Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740 or 1750 - 1784.

Dorota was 1st married (1768 / 1769 ?) to Wawrzyniec Grabinski / Wawrzyniec Bartlomiej Grabinski who d. before 1769, his father Stefan Grabinski d. 1742, mother Konstancja Lubiatowska d. 1763; his brothers: Jan Grabinski, Andrzej Grabinski, Bartlomiej Grabinski d. 1787; his step-father Szymon Czarniecki d. 1744;
Dorota m. 2nd to Tomasz Psarski born ca 1740 / 1750, died ca 1807; Tomasz was owner of Wola Dzierlinska bought in 1786. Antoni PSARSKI who was the son of Tomasz, and Lucja Czekulin had daughter KONSTANCJA Psarska (b. ca 1819 - died after 1840). Above Tomasz Psarski born ca 1740 - died after 1770 / 1819 + Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740-1784 had son Antoni Psarski born in 1770.
Dorota m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski 1740-1784, with son Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809.

Dorota's brother -
Izydor Kiedrzynski who was b. 1749 and m. to Helena who was born in 1762 and she died in Wola Wiazowa in 1828 [the family of the author].

Jakub Kiedrzynski was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798. His two wives: Brygida Bardzka [in 1767]; and Julianna nee Bogdanska [ca 1788].
Above Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko in 1809 (Orpiszewko was the Kiedrzynskis).
Józef Wawrzyniec Kajetan MADALINSKI b. 1774, owner of Kraszyn and Chodaki, had children:
a) Kunegunda b. ca 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784;
b) Sebastian Fabian MADALINSKI.

Józef Wawrzyniec Kajetan MADALINSKI b. 1774 had brother Jakub Hiacynt MADALINSKI born 1775, m. Honorata Psarska died ca 1820, with daughter Anna b. 1797, m. in 1821 to Józef Julian Walewski son of Andrzej owner of Wola Balucka, 2nd time married to Jan Kanty Psarski, landowner of Wielgie.

3. In Raszków in 1801 [RASZKOW - 9 km south-west to BEDZIESZYN]:
Teofila Domicella was born, the daughter of Jan Antoni Arnold, the owner of Pecherzew in the Sieradz province, by his wife Julianna Kiedrzynski, 1st Ruszkowska
[JAKUB Kiedrzynski had daughter Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska b. ca 1770/1772].
Godparents:
Józef Ossowski and
Franciszka Radolinska, she was the owner of Bedzieszyn
[Bedzieszyn in 1778, owned by Jan Kosicki; Bedzieszyn - 10 km na pólnoc od Ostrowa; 8 km south-east to BIEGANIN / Bieganino of Kiedrzynski; 20 km west to KALISZ].
Ossowski the owner of BINIEW / Bieniewo, 6 km west to named BEDZIESZYN.

4. In Raszków, 1801, Jan Nepomucen Józef Ruszkowski was born, with godparents:
Ignacy Frankenberg and his wife Marcjanna, both owners of Koscielec [east to Proszowice ? or KOSCIELEC near to Redziny, Mstow, Rudniki, Lubojenka, WIERZCHOWISKO - north-east to Czestochowa; see Kiedrzynski].

5. Kiedrzynski Franciszek Placyd, son of Józef Kiedrzynski, was born in 1771.

6. In BESANCON was living lieutenant Kiedrzynski, inf. by the Polish National Committee in Dec. 1831-1832. No inf. in 1833 !

In the Cracow prov. in 1791:

Antoni, Kiedrzynski, born in 1751, in Kiedrzyn close to Czestochowa.

Close to Czestochowa in 1783 – 1792:
Kamyk - owned by mentioned above Antoni Kiedrzynski and Stanislaw Jeziorkowski;
Kiedrzyn - to Antoni Kiedrzynski;
Kobylczyce - Maciej Pstrokonski, and Jan Nepomucen Woznicki with Marcin Wierciszewski and Ignacy Korwin Jaszewski.
Kotowice – Adam Mecinski;
Kruszyna - until 1789 Konstancja nee Danilowicz, married Potocka. 1789 - Adam Potocki.
Kuzniczka - Antoni Kiedrzynski with Paciorkowski;
Wierzchowisko - part to Antoni Kiedrzynski,
Wilkowiecko - 1783 owned by Maksymilian Chodakowski. 1790 - Jakub Fryderyk Psarski.
Wola Hankowska - Bartlomiej Trepka, and Antoni Kiedrzynski.

In Kalisz:

in 1774, Wojciech Ciesielski, the son of Antoni Ciesielski, the grandson of Krzysztof Ciesielski. In a court with Marianna Gawlowska, also Jan; Izydor and Florjan Ciesielski - brothers in Zdzenice Skrzyszczyzna and the owners of Ciesielszczyzna.
Vs Kasper Kiedrzynski, son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowski-Kiedrzynska. It was sold part of Skrzeszczyzna.

In 1735 in KALISZ:
Kazimierz Ciesielski, son of named above Krzysztof Ciesielski and Maria Dzenicki-Ciesielska, on behalf of Stanislaw; Antoni and Jan Ciesielski - brothers, about Zdzenice Skrzeszczyzna in part ceded to Marcjan Zdzenicki.

Zdzenice / Zdzienice, close to TUREK, and Malanów; south-west to TUREK, 18 km north-west to DOBRA; 14 km north to MADALIN and BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski; 4 km north-east to MALANOW, 20 km north-west to MILEJOW [see GLUCHOW !].

Prior of the monastery at Jasna Góra:
Anastazy Kiedrzynski 05.1719 - 05.1722.

The GOMOLINSKI family:

Stanislaw Gomolinski official in Wielun, who was Jan's son from Szpinkowno, and two daughters, Anna and Barbara.

Piotr Gomolinski b. ca 1510, official in Sieradz, married widow Mieszkowska, with 2 sons:
Jan Gomolinski and
Mikolaj, and 4 daughters:
Barbara, Weronika, Urszula and Anna b. ca 1545 ?;
Piotr was the owner of Lopatki.
Above sons -
A.
born ca 1530, Jan [Jan Gomolinski in the Sieradz province] + Belzacka, with children:
1. mistake - see sons of Mikolaj ! Born ca 1550, Stanislaw the bishop of Chelm, and Kamieniec, who by Jan Zamojski, chancellor, in 1589, in the Lublin, was appointed guardian;

2. Florian, b. ca 1580 ?;
3. Marcin.

Come from Florian or from Marcin Gomolicki - in 1764: Andrzej Gomolinski, from the Leczyca province; Ludwik Roch Sariusz Gomolinski, colonel and Piotr Sariusz Gomolicki, the major of the Crown.

4. Kazimierz Gomolinski b. ca 1580/1610, was the son of Jan Gomolinski, junior b. ca 1550? Kazimierz Gomolinski, of Lazinska, had son
Wladyslaw Gomolinski, and Wladyslaw [Wladyslawa GOMOLINSKI born ca 1630] married Slomkowska with the son
Jan Gomolinski [born ca 1660/1670]. Jan with Bielicka had 3 sons:
Antoni; Franciszek; Karol [b. 1700 ?].

Note:
JAN GOMOLINSKI b. ca 1665, had son:
Karol Sariusz-Gomolinski 1696-1784, died in Krosniewice,
Polish judge, medical chamberlain. Named Karol Saryusz Jelita Gomolinski b. 1696, chamberlain of Leczyca, m. Helena Pokrzywnicka with the son Ignacy Gomolinski, the instigator.
Ignacy born ca 1725.
Ignacy's sisters:
1. b. ca 1738, Józefata Sariusz-Gomolinska 1738-1823, primo voto Count Skarbek, General major; secundo voto Szymon Dzierzbicki official in Leczyca.
2.
b. ca 1740, Marianna + Count Opacki of MINSK.

B.
b. ca 1530, Mikolaj + Myszkowska, the daughter of Marcin Myszkowski, official in Wielun, with 3 sons of named MIKOLAJ GOMOLINSKI:
1. Stanislaw, priest in Krakow; bishop in Luck,
2. b. ca 1560, Jedrzej the brother of Stanislaw bishop, married Debowska of Sieradz.
3. Florian Gomolinski of Sieradz, MP in 1595.

Aleksander Gomolinski b. ca. 1610, d. ca 1667, had 2 sons:
1. b. ca 1640, Samuel Gomolinski, maybe in the Radomsko county, by his mother Barbara Malachowska Gomolinska,
2. Aleksander Gomolinski + Teresa Lipska had son
Jan, b. ca 1645, and daughter Ewa born ca 1646, inf. 1667, after Swientoslaw Lipski, the priest of Choczki in the Kalisz province took heirloom.

Jan Gomolinski m. Zbijewska, but she died in 1687, Cracow.
We know on Pawel Gomolinski d. 1711, Bishop of Kiev from 1698, royal secretary.

The Pstrokonski - Kiedrzynski - Gomolinski branch:

Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783, m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with Marianna, and Wiktoria [b. ca 1740 ?] married Marcin Kiedrzynski [b. before or ca 1720], son of Jakub Kiedrzynski

{Marcin Kiedrzynski b. before or ca 1720, son of Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, 1668 - 1729, and Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680}

and his wife Anna Gomolinska or Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680.

Brothers and cousins of Marcin Kiedrzynski

(Marcin Kiedrzynski b. before or ca 1720, come from Jakob / Jakub Kiedrzynski senior b. 1668
[Gomolinska Anna / Ewa m. Jakub Kiedrzynski SENIOR, d. 1729 - the Wielun officer]
- owner of Dymki in the Lututow parish since 1698, inf. 1709 Wielun. Dymki and Lututow - Dymki estate of the Kiedrzynskis is situated 5 km east of Lututow, in the Wieruszow county):

1. Jakub Kiedrzynski / Jakob Kiedrzynski the 3rd, junior, b. 1738 in WILCZKOW; in 1775 court with Anna [JULIANNA] about Kurow (see Walewski; close to Wola Pszczolecka; see Malkiewicz!) close to Wielun; inf. in 1786 and 1788 in Kalisz.
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, and JAKUB was the owner of Orpiszewek.
WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish.
JAKUB died in 1798.
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

See: Erasmus Mycielski and Szaniawski Jan Kalasanty.

The closest relatives of the MADALINSKI family was Jakub Kiedrzynski of Kalisz [born in 1738 in Wilczkow] who helped to this family. Józef Madalinski, Jakub Madalinski and Julianna were owners of Raczkow and Upuszczow, inf. 1786. Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski junior, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Above Józef MADALINSKI, Captain in 1809 m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1 voto Kiedrzynska, d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko in 1809 (Orpiszewko was the Kiedrzynskis).

2. Jan Kiedrzynski b. ?
(others with the first name Jan: Jan Kiedrzynski with Ostoja arms, b. ca 1710 and Jan Kiedrzynski b. ca 1680 who was brother (?) of Adam - inf. 1704 from the Poznan province),

3. Andrzej Kiedrzynski (senior) - b. ca 1715/1720, owner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino ca 23 km west of Kalisz and 16 km south of Orpiszewko / Orpiszewek [see Izydor Kiedrzynski and his son - Gabriel / Gabryel Kiedrzynski].

4. Ignacy Kiedrzynski / Ignacy Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1730; acc. to my research he was the brother of named above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski was the landowner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino ca 23 km west of Kalisz and 16 km south of Orpiszewko; married Franciszka Jackowska]:

In 1764 in Wielgomlyny, Ignacy Kiedrzynski of Malowana Wola (5 km east of DMENIN; 9 km north-west of WOLKA BANKOWA; 5 km north of Kobiele Wielkie) married Zofia nee Zablocka 1 voto Swiecicka (widow, a woman who has lost her husband by death).

Cousins of above named Marcin Kiedrzynski, come from Jakob / Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, the Wielun officer:

1. Kasper or Kacper Kiedrzynski, with wife Maryanna Arcichowska.

2. Wiktoria nee Kiedrzynska, m. Adam Rogujski owner of Wola Murowana, 9 km south of Opoczno - inf. in 1781 and 1782.

3. Michal Kiedrzynski b. after 1745, owner of Kamyk close to Klobuck and Wilkowiecko - in the Cracow province, west of Kiedrzyn, east of the Polish border and Prussia - inf. 1783 - 1788; in 1781, Colonel Chodakowski bought the estate Wilkowiecko - 14 km north-west of Kamyk of the Kiedrzynskis, and 9 km north-west of Klobuck - then to the Psarskis.

Kamyk, close to Klobuck (26 km to the Austrian border and 12 km north-west of Czestochowa), was the Kiedrzynski property since 1672 from the Bielski brothers, owned by Franciszek Kiedrzynski - inf. 1669 in the Wielun county; born ca 1625; Franciszek Kiedrzynski was the brother of Ignacy, Jan, and Stanislaw Kiedrzynski - inf. 1669 of the Wielun county; Franciszek was son of Piotr Kiedrzynsky b. ca 1595 - inf. of 1621 on the Wielun county. Piotr was the branch of Jan Kiedrzynski vel Kierzynski, with the Ostoja coat of arms, b. ca 1565, inf. of 1590 in Kolo, about Jan - writer of Ostrzeszow, again inf. of 1606 in Wielun

4. Wojciech Kiedrzynski born 1745 in Kiedrzyn, killed by Russians in Krzepice on 05 November 1768; he was living in the Sieradz province. Krzepice - Czestochowa i Klobuck were the centre of the Bar Confederation in 1768.

5. Antoni Aleksy Kiedrzynski b. ca 1740, owner of Kamyk, Kiedrzyn - inf. 1745, Lechow(o), Kuznica Kiedrzynska, Wola Kiedrzynska north of Czestochowa, officer in Latyczow, the Ostoja coat of arms, he lost assets.
Kiedrzynski taken out loans in the Royal Prussian Bank in Berlin. His land estate was in debt (the Kiedrzyn property). This was in the years 1793 - 1806. In 1815 the Government of the Polish Kingdom took over debts owed by the Kiedrzyn property and took over the management of this lands in Kiedrzyn (in the jurisdiction of the State).
The Kiedrzyn estate was situated in the Lelow county, the Cracow province, south-east of Kamyk of the Kiedrzynskis, north of Czestochowa, east of Liswarta river - the border of Poland and Prussia.

We back to conspirators:

Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo.

The Society of Polish Republicans was the Polish secret organization, in Warsaw on October 1, 1798 to mid-1801; with contact to the Deputation in Paris, and Kosciuszko in Paris.

The main activists were:
Jan Orchowski / John Aloysius Orchowski,
Raymond Rembielinski [see Wiktor Rembielinski],
Andrzej HORODYSKI / Andrew Horodyski and
Erazm Mycielski / Erasmus Mycielski.

Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo [son of ANTONI], freemason, in 1798 moved to Warsaw, where he became director - after ERAZM Mycielski - of the Society of Polish Republicans.

Horodyski Andrzej maintained correspondence with J. K. Szaniawski in 1802.

Andrzej Horodyski, a friend of the duke Józef Poniatowski, in 1831, the deputy of the minister of the FOREIGN Affairs in Warsaw. His portrait, painted by Benner in 1816.
Note at margin:
Franciszek Kostrzewski - a painter, illustrator, associated with the Warsaw artistic community, was born in 1826 in Warsaw, invited and hosted by noblemen and landowners, he was among others at Sulkowskis in Rydzyna, Chlapowski in Turwia, Koscielski in Karczyn, and Horodyski in Molodiatycze.
Molodiatycze - village in Poland located in the Lublin province, close to Trzeszczany, 18 km west of Hrubieszów.
In 1578, the village belonged to the Branicki family. In the 18th century Molodiatycze were the property of the Wyszynski. Around 1823, the village was inherited by the daughter of Tomasz Wyszynski and brought them in the dowry to Antoni Horodyski (1798-1877).

Antoni Horodyski junior, 1798-1877, son of Ignacy Horodyski and Teresa Koczorowska.
Ignacy Horodyski, 1776-1856, son of Antoni Horodyski senior, born ca 1740, official in DYNEBURG + Ksawera Jaworska.
Above Ignacy Horodyski 1776 / 1780-1856.
Note:
The Baworowo castle in the TARNOPOL county; close to Zastaw; 21 south-east to Tarnopol / Tiernopil; west to SKALAT; south to ZBARAZ. Brody - see PASZKOWSKI - ca 90 km north-west to Tarnopol.
A wooden castle was located on a hill, and in the 17th century, the stronghold was rebuilt. The Malecki family around 1800 abandoned the castle; in 1851, the estate was bought by Count Wiktor Baworowski from Malecki. See:
Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo [son of ANTONI + 1st wife JUSTYNA MARCHOCKA HORODYSKA; Antoni Horodyski senior, 2nd married to Ksawera Jaworska], freemason, in 1798 moved to Warsaw, where he became director - after ERAZM Mycielski - of the Society of Polish Republicans. Horodyski Andrzej Michal d. ca 1857.
In 1773 named Baworów belonged to the Galician Podole in AUSTRIA.
Andrzej Michal Horodyski in 1796 became the activist of Lviv Centralization.
See: Ignacy Horodyski b. ca 1780-1856, the son of Antoni Horodyski senior, and Ksawera Jaworska.
Jadwiga Horodyska b. ca 1830-1903, the daughter of Antoni Horodyski junior, 1798-1877, and Ignacja Wyszynska - see above Molodiatycze.
The son Wladyslaw, married to Józefa Chrzanowska. In 1866, a distillery was in Molodiatycze - compare Wola Wiazowa. Before 1890, the village was in the hands of Antoni Horodyski, son of Wladyslaw. Antoni Horodyski 3rd, 1858-1902, first married to Józefa Rostworowska, and after her death to Taida Wodzicka.

Andrzej Michal Horodyski / Michal Andrzej Horodyski, b. 1773, translator, and Freemason. Wedding about 1800.
Translator together with Szaniawski, 1808; also with S. Staszic, F. K. Dmochowski, A. and K. Gliszczynski, A. Wyganowski, M. Wodzynski.
Horodyski Andrzej Michal, 1798 co-organizer and secretary of the Polish Republicans Society; Jacobin, 1807-09 he cooperated in organizing the Polish authorities; 1831, the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1830-1831) - the head Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. Wincenty Niemojowski - vice president, head of the Administration and Police Department.
In 1831, Minister of Internal Affairs and Police has been appointed Bonawentura Niemojowski then Antoni Gliszczynski; Wiktor Rembielinski the minister of justice.

Horodyski Andrzej Michal, 1798, took over these functions - secretary of the Polish Republicans Society - after ERAZM Mycielski. 1801, the direction of the Society.
Maintained encrypted correspondence with H. Kollataj - became one of Kollataja's closest friends.

In 1802, he became a shareholder of the Trzycieski, Horodyski et comp. - commercial house, which was also opened in Odessa, to which they also received:
P. Maleszewski
[see Venture de Paradise / Sulkowski / Napoleon, and Breguet - Duflon in Russia + Konstantynowicz, Nobel, Armand],
J. K. Szaniawski
[area of Wieruszow and Szaniawski was the family of Erazm Mycielski. General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski approached Gen. Dabrowski's opponents - he became friend with Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrzej Horodyski, with whom he was later considered, at the time of the Duchy of Warsaw, as one of the leaders of "Polish Jacobins"]
and J. Drzewiecki
[see DUFLON in St. Petersburg co-operated with DRZEWIECKI - his family. Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand, the lover of Lenin].

Andrzej HORODYSKI after the invasion of the Russians in 1813, he became associated with Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. In time of The November Uprising was connected with General Skrzynecki. He was a member of the freemasonry lodge of Isis / Izis in 1811/1812, a member of the Great Kazimierz Wielki in 1819/1820 [1816, Casimir the Great worked until the dissolution in 1821]. Izis in the east of Warsaw - a Polish masonic lodge opened on April 1, 1780.

Note at margin:
Michal Jerzy Poniatowski b. 1736, d. 1794 in Warsaw, the Plock bishop in 1773, the Freemason, son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, and Konstancja Czartoryska; the brother of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
MICHAL had son Piotr Maleszewski
[closest to Jozef KALASANTY Szaniawski, and Horodyski] - see Sulkowski + Venture de Paradise, also Breguet and Duflon - Konstantynowicz.

Paszkowski and Mielzynski, Uminski, Madalinski, PRADZYNSKI, Plater - close to Wloclawek / Brzesc Kujawski / Radziejow [in later times LEOPOLD KRONENBERG]:

Sons of TOMASZ Paszkowski and REGINA:
Michal Paszkowski 1st and
Jan Paszkowski [born 1742; he was living in Mokrsko in 1742 - the father of General Franciszek Paszkowski and the grandfather of Maria Paszkowska ARMAND from Moscow - see Apolon Konstantynowicz].

Jan Paszkowski [1742-ca 1800] moved home to Ukraine [ca 1776 ?]. Maybe his brother [cousin ?] was Piotr Paszkowski b. ca 1733 married Elzbieta nee Nietyks, with son Paszkowski Michal 2nd (1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county. The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski manager to Dominik Radziwill; Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812. In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.

Michal Paszkowski 1st [b. ca 1725/1730] was an official in Malbork, moved in Volhynia, m. Monika Piotrowska of the Chelm area, daughter of Mikolaj and Katarzyna nee Plonski, Piotrowska, with a few children.

Józef PASZKOWSKI of Brzezie [b. ca 1765 ?], the son of Jan Paszkowski of the Cracow province [b. 1742], moved to the Great Poland and left son - inf. in 1788 - owner of landestate close to Sampolno, [compare MADALINSKI, UMINSKI, Bajkowska-Kiedrzynska] in Skotniki.

SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI

- 12/13 km north-west to Radziejow

[RADZIEJOW - Maciej Mielzynski was the district administrator of Radziejów in 1762; he was living 1733-1793; the son of Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski b. 1682 and Krystyna Skalawska; the father of Prokop Mielzynski];

20 km west to RUSZKI

[ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska (1729-after 1784), the daughter of Andrzej Uminski and Apolinara Niemojewski; she was widowed in 1784; b. in Pieranie and married in 1743 to Michal Slubicki (ca 1710-before 1784), the Bydgoszcz official, with children: Apolinara Justyna Slubicka (b. 1743, in Sobiesiernie, the Pieranie parish - north-west-north to RADZIEJOW). Pieranie - 22 km north-west to RUSZKI and 26 km north-west to BADKOWO. Sobiesiernie - 1 km west to PIERANIE and 27 km north-west to BADKOWO. Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie - see the granddaughter of JAKUB Kiedrzynski ! - close to Badkowo. Ksawera Franciszek Uminska with son Adam Kasper Mieroslawski born 1785 in Ruszki near Krotoszyn the village, close to BADKOWO, Wieniec and Brzezie; died on November 16, 1837 in Bar-le-Duc];

21 km west-south-west to Koscielna Wies

[compare: the children of Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730, of Ruszki; he in 1746 bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; an official in Brzesc KUJAWSKI; m. Teresa Besiekierski d. 1798. And grandchildren of Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / Wysocin. Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO; west to BRZEZIE and west to Wloclawek; bef 1750 the estate also included Krotoszyn and Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish; the owners: ca 1750 - Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska. His descendant - Onufry Uminski, grandfather of Wladyslaw Uminski (1865 -1954), writer];

26 km west to BADKOWO

[Bedkowo - BADKOWO, 15 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski. JAN Madalinski was the grandfather of GENERAL Antoni Madalinski. Jan Madalinski b. 1665/1670; then in BADKOWO after a death of his wife Marjanna Klobski ca 1704; he became a priest in BADKOWO parish ca 1705. His daughter Franciszka + Józef Kicki, inf. 1754 about Franciszka and her brother - Józef. Great-grandfather of General Antoni Madalinski: Feliks Jan, MADALINSKI, b. 1630, married Katarzyna Porczynski b. ca 1650.

Osiecz Wielki is situated 10 km south-west of Chocen; 10 km north-west of CHODECZ; east of Izbica Kujawska; south of Wloclawek, BADKOWO and Brzesc Kujawski.
Osiecz Wielki - here was born Jacek Plater in 1932, son of Count and landowner. Jacek come from Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater b. 1791 in Pinsk, d. 1854, the son of Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750. Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750 was the son of PETRONELA NAGORSKA and Wilhelm Jan Plater, 1715 - d. 1769 in Vilnius, who was the son of Jan Plater and Elena Filipina OGINSKA b. ca 1694 in Mogilev by Dniepr river. Elena Filipina OGINSKA was the sister of Michal Antoni Oginski b. 1696 in Stakliškes - north-east of Alytus / Olita];

near Bodzanowo

[a village in the Radziejow county, near to Dobre; the royal village, which L. Mielzynski since 1616 has received in the pledge; in 1789 - Aleksander Modlinski. 1795 - gen. Henryk Rudolf Bischofswerder; the village is situated 11 /12 km west of BADKOWO - that is 14 / 15 km to above SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI];

37 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski

[Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847 [note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].
Nepomucena Pradzynska married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski, ca 1810 to ca 1825, son of
Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846,
and Marianna Radziminska. Nepomucena's children: Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Michal MADALINSKI, m. 2nd (?) time to Katarzyna Rudzki, with children: Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski; and Franciszek, the priest in Kruszwica and in Brzesc Kujawski in 1724;
also the son Samuel,
Lukasz,
Walenty.
Samuel in 1731 was the owner of CHOCEN. Samuel Madalinski died before 1738, left children with his wife Wiktorja Wierzbowski: Jakób and Eufrozyna + Jakób Krasnicki. Jakób Madalinski in 1748 was the owner of Cerekwia / CEREKIEW 8/9 km west to RADOM. But sold this property - he was living close to Brzesc Kujawski and KOWAL.
Above Lukasz Madalinski, official in KOWAL close to Wloclawek, in 1727, in 1748; bought a part of named above Cerekiew in 1748; his brother - Walenty - inf. 1767. Married Ewa Estka, with the daughter Teresa + Stanislaw Dambski in 1771, official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI. Teresa died after 1796. Lukasz's son - Zenon Bonawentura Madalinski.
Named above Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN; m. Helena Umiastowski, with the son - Józef Madalinski, and daughter - Franciszka Krystyna, born in 1734 m. 1st to Piotr Skarbek; 2nd she married to Kasper Slawinski - official in KONIN in 1782.
Mentioned here Józef Madalinski, official in Inowroclaw in 1770, and in Kowal in 1770; died in 1775; his aunt Skarbkowa / Skarbek, had a court case about Borzymowice and Laki Markowe in 1775 with the Parliament envoy; they took Swietoslawice in 1778. Józef Madalinski married Teodora Polichnowska, with sons: Ludwik Madalinski the son probably to the 1st wife Teodora Modlinski; and Aleksy Antoni Madalinski, b. June 1762; and a daughters. In 1796 a court case vs Libiszowski; in 1797 Ludwik and Aleksy Madalinski bought Kieszków, Cerekiew and Zatopolice, from General Antoni Madalinski. Kieszek close to Radom. Zatopolice west to CEREKIEW - both situated 12 and 8 km west to RADOM].

The UMINSKI - Kiedrzynski - Madalinski - Mieroslawski branch [+ Pradzynski - Mielzynski - Kiedrzynski line]:
Stanislaw Uminski b. 1760, d. 1811, the royal chamberlain + Tekla b. 1775 + Józefa Bajkowska b. ca 1786, d. 1826
[2nd she was married in 1812, Leon Witalis Chmielewski. Jozefa was the daughter of Franciszka Kiedrzynska Bajkowska, and the granddaughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski official in Kalisz, and Brygida Bardzki. The great-granddaughter of Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. ca 1715/1720].
See about BADKOWO - below.

At the beginning on his family:

Antoni UMINSKI b. ca 1700 + Teresa Rogalinski,
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700 and
Andrzej Uminski, b. ca 1700 + Apolinara Niemojewski, most likely were a brothers [a cousins ?].

HILARY Uminski (b. ca 1730 - 1792), son of above mentioned Antoni Uminski b. ca 1700, and Teresa Rogalinski, the Bielsk governor; the owner of the Czeluscin estate in the then Gostyn county in 1778, m. in 1767 in Biechowo [at half way from Wrzesnia to Miloslaw - south to named Wrzesnia] to Franciszka Ryszewska (b. ca 1750-died after 1784); Hilary's children:
Marianna;
Róza;
Maksymilian UMINSKI;
Jan Uminski;
Teresa;
Katarzyna nee Uminska.

Around 1512, Stanislaw Zelik, who had previously built musical organs in the St. Mary's Church in Brzesc KUJAWSKI, built new in the cathedral in Gniezno. The bishop Bonawentura Madalinski [see below on his genealogy], the founder of the new instrument, was commissioned the organmaster of Torun, Mateusz Brandtner - it was completed at the end of 1691.

Localities connected with life of the Uminski - Kiedrzynski family close to Wloclawek:
Pocierzyn - 9 km west to BADKOWO !

Ruszki - 6 km to BADKOWO !

Krotoszyn - 6 km south-west to Badkowo.

Wysocin - 7 km east to named Krotoszyn; 5 km south-west to BRZEZIE ! and 5 km south-east to Badkowo.

Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the landowner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / WYSOCIN, had the son:
Kazimierz Uminski b. before 1730, the founder of a chapel in Ruszki; he bought in 1746 named Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; the border bailiff in BRZESC KUJAWSKI, married to Teresa Besiekierski; d. 1798.
KAZIMIERZ UMINSKI had children:
1. son Józef Uminski d. 1805, Archdeacon of the cathedral of Luck;
2. Antoni Uminski d. 1813 + Marianna Byszewski;
with Antoni's children:
1. Jan Chrzciciel (Baptysta) Uminski 1778 - d. ca 1851, he has sold together with his uncle Konstanty, village Nikonowka near Zytomierz;
2. Wincenty Uminski b. 1788 (? - in the Radziejow county); and his daughter Justyna Uminska + Onufry Uminski of Ruszki; and grandson - Julian Uminski, painter + Tekla Bogdanska,
3. Modesta Uminska b. 1786 + Kasper Górski d. before 1832 + Cyprian Pyzinski (Wola Prosperowa west to ZYCHLIN);
4. Katarzyna Uminska b. 1792 + Leon Gasiorowski (Pocierzyn near RUSZKI); and the last - Marianna Brodzki and Tekla Kalinowska.
Next son of above KAZIMIERZ b. ca 1730:
Konstanty Uminski, with a daughter Rozalia Uminska + Jan Morzycki, Captain, d. 1830, the owner of Chociszew close to OZORKOW.
With a granddaughter Eufrazyna Morzycka, 1825 - 1860 Nikonówka + Kazimierz Jan Pienkowski;

and next son and daughters of named
Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730:
Stanislaw Uminski 1760 - 1811, served at the Royal Court + m. 1st Tekla b. 1775; m. 2nd to a granddaughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski - the great-granddaughter of Andrzej Kiedrzynski of WILCZKOW, b. ca 1715/1720 !
Brief explanation - Michal Bajkowski the owner of Czepy, official in Kalisz, married in 1785, to Franciszka Kiedrzynska, daughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski official in Kalisz, and Brygida Bardzki, with the daughter Józefa Bajkowska b. ca 1786, d. 1826, m. Stanislaw Uminski d. ca 1811, of Bronow, 2nd she was married in 1812, Leon Witalis Chmielewski, 1786-1840, son of Antoni and Eleonora Boryslawski, the owner of Zimotki; Stanislaw's Uminski 1st wife was TEKLA b. 1775.

Kazimiera Uminska died in 1786;

Ksawera Franciszka Uminska + Antoni Mieroslawski; that is Ksawera Uminska b. ca 1750 - ca 1800 + Antoni Mieroslawski ca 1740 - ca 1810 [see the dictator of the January Uprising in 1863].

Note to Eufrozyna Morzycka (1825-1860, Nikonówka) + Kazimierz Jan Pienkowski, with Stanislaw Rafal Ludwik Morzycki, b. 1827, and grandson - Eugeniusz Morzycki (in Siberia) b. 1870, d. 1913.

Above Jan Morzycki, Captain of the 3rd Infantry Regiment, died 1830; was the second son of Jan Morzycki, received his inheritance from brother Pawel in 1802. Jan in 1808 was in the rank of lieutenant, and on the same day he was captain of the 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Warsaw Duchy. The recruits came from the Brzeziny, Gostyn, Leczyca, and Lowicz. In 1808 he was stationed in Warsaw.

We again confirm that Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the landowner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / WYSOCIN, also Antoni UMINSKI + Teresa Rogalinski, and Andrzej + Apolinara Niemojewski, maybe were a brothers.

HILARY Uminski (b. ca 1730-1792), the son of mentioned above Antoni Uminski b. ca 1700, and Teresa Rogalinski; the owner of Czeluscin in the GOSTYN county, in 1778; married in 1767 in Biechowo, to Franciszka Ryszewska (b. ca 1750-d. after 1784).

ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska (before 1729-d. after 1784), the daughter of Andrzej Uminski and Apolinara Niemojewski, of Bydgoszcz; Rozalia was the widow in 1784; Rozalia was born in Pieranie; m. 1743 to Michal Slubicki (ca 1710- before 1784), official in Bydgoszcz; her daughter - Apolinara Justyna Slubicka (b. 1743 in Sobiesiernie, in the Pieranie parish).

Pieranie - 21 km west to BADKOWO and 18 km north to RADZIEJOW !

The BAJKOWSKI / Baykowski family:

They come from Bajki Stare:
Michal Bajkowski the owner of Czepy [CZEPOW - 12 km north to UNIEJOW, north-east to TUREK], official in Kalisz [south-west to TUREK], married in 1785, to Franciszka Kiedrzynska, daughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski official in Kalisz [see WILCZKOW], and Brygida Bardzki [see Walknowski - Mielzynski branch],
with children:
A. Józefa Bajkowska b. ca 1786, d. 1826, m. Stanislaw Uminski d. ca 1811, of Bronow [close to PLESZEW], 2nd she was married in 1812, Leon Witalis Chmielewski, 1786-1840, son of Antoni and Eleonora Boryslawski, the owner of Zimotki [east to TUREK; close to Przykona and north to DOBRA !]; Stanislaw's 1st wife was TEKLA b. 1775.

B. Roch Józef Ludwik b. 1790, the owner of Fulki and Kalów, m. Józefata Kossobudzka, born in Fulki in 1791.

Czepy / CZEPOW: 12 km north to UNIEJOW.

Stanislaw Uminski d. ca 1811, of Bronow, 7 km north-east to BIEGANIN of Kiedrzynski and north to Gorzenko [we know Bronow 2nd east to UNIEJOW, and south-east to named above CZEPOW] -
Stanislaw Uminski b. 1760, d. 1811, m. + 1st Tekla b. 1775;
his sisters:
Kazimiera Uminska d. 1786;
Ksawera Franciszka Uminska + Antoni Mieroslawski,
and his brothers:
Józef Uminski d. 1805, of LUCK;
Antoni Uminski d. 1813 + Marianna Byszewski;
Konstanty Uminski.

Mentioned Antoni Uminski d. 1813 + Marianna Byszewski had daughters:
Marianna Uminska b. 1799, d. bef. 1832 + Brodzki of Fundowo ? close to WARTA; and Józefa and also Tekla Uminska Kalinowski of KALISZ.

They were children of Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730, of Ruszki; 1746 bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; official in Brzesc KUJAWSKI; m. Teresa Besiekierski d. 1798;
and grandchildren of Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / Wysocin.

Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO; west to BRZEZIE and west to Wloclawek;
bef 1750 the estate also included Krotoszyn and Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish; the owners:
ca 1750 - Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska.
His descendant - Onufry Uminski, grandfather of Wladyslaw Uminski (1865-1954), writer.

Note to Badkowo / BEDKOWO / Badkow:
A.
Wladyslaw Jan Sulimierski b. 1830 in Lubiec, d. 1866, m. in ca 1850 to Wanda Walewska b. 1832, daughter of Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski (see Wola Pszczolecka, Kalinowski, Oginski, Trubecki, Konstantynowicz) 1802-1835 and Natalia Marianna Kreska 1804-1832. Natalia Kreska was daughter of Florian Stanislaw Józef Kreski b. in 1771 Grebanin - died in 1838, owner of Maslowice, who married in 1803 in Weglewice, to Antonina Fundament Karsnicka d. 1862, daughter of Jan Gwalbert Fundament - Karsnicki and Józefa Maslowski.

Above Napoleon WALEWSKI was son of Ludwik Walewski 1754-1820 who m. Antonina Kalinowska with sons:

1. Karol Franciszek Salezy b. 1795 + Maria Radolinska
with children: Piotr Ludwik Teodor Walewski b. 1822, Jadwiga Maria Walewska 1825-1857 + Henryk Stanislaw Wojciech Lanckoronski 1816-1897;

and 2. above Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski 1802-1835 who married to Natalia Marianna Kreska 1804-1832.

About above mentioned Antonina KARSNICKA and her children:

a. Laura Rozamunda KRESKA b. 1805 in Grebanin, d. 1860, m. Adam Andrzej Sulimierski 1803-53, son of Marcin SULIMIERSKI and Józefa Zdziennicki, owner of Paprotnia,

b. Natalia Marianna KRESKA born in 1804 in Grebanin, d. 1833, m. Napoleon Walewski owner of Pstrokonie, son of Ludwik Walewski (Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski 1802-1835),

c. Edward Napoleon Kreski born in 1806 Weglewice, d. 1879, owner of Maslowice, judge in Wielun, owner estates close to Lask from 1852, m. 1st to Urszula Apolonia Lazarowicz 1811 - 1843 in Lask, daughter of Grzegorz and Teodozja Bagiewski, m. 2nd in 1846 to Antonina Kreska 1823 - 1851, daughter of Konstanty Hermenegild Kreski and Brygida Kozuchowski [!], 3rd m. in 1852 in Maslowice, to Alojza Uherek b. 1826, daughter of Ignacy.

Tomasz KOWALSKI who died 1812, owner of Rakowice and Bedkowo, m. in 1789 in Lubczyna, to Helena Karsnicka daughter of Jan Gwalbert Karsnicki official in Ostrzeszow; second time Helena Kowalska - Karsnicka married to Feliks Murzynowski,
with:
Jozefa or Honorata Józefa KOWALSKA born ca 1807, Myjonice, m. in 1820, to Nestor Julian Wezyk of OSINY 1795-1862, from Myjonice in the Ostrzeszow county, son of Ksawery Franciszek Wezyk of Osiny b. 1750 and Marianna Fundament-Karsnicka of Karsznice 1767-1817.
B.
Children of Jan Gwalbert Fundament - Karsnicki, 1731 - 1820 + Józefa Jadwiga Maslowska [see above]:
1. Józef Jastrzebiec Karsnicki 1784-1862;
2. Idzi Karsnicki (ca 1765 ? / 1780-1835 or E. Karsnicki);
3. Magdalena Jastrzebiec Karsnicka - SULIMIERSKA, born in ca 1784,
4. Antonina Fundament Karsnicka - KRESKA, d. 1862,
5. Helena Karsnicka - KOWALSKA - MURZYNOWSKA,
6. Wiktoria PSARSKA, Fundament - Karsnicka b. ca 1775 - died in 1844 in Biala; m. Franciszek Psarski b. ca 1770.
7. Marianna Wezyk; she was the mother of Nestor Julian Wezyk and Faustyna Kobierzycka.

Geographic remarks:

Rakowice - close to WROBLEW, 3 km north to Charlupia Wielka; west to SIERADZ.

Bedkowo - BADKOWO, 15 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski.

Lubczyna - 3 km west to CIESZECIN; 8 km north to Wieruszow, 9 km west to Galewice.
Lyskornia - north-west to Kurow; 4 km south to Walichnowy;

Weglowice - 9 km south to Truskolasy and west to Czestochowa; 6 km north to ex-Silesian border.

KIERZNO - 9 km north-west to Wieruszow.
C.
Brief note to the de Weydenthal family [and about BRZEZIE, WIENIEC, Badkowo / BEDKOW / BEDKOWO]:

Please, you remember, there are two or three important in our context the villages called Brzezie.
A landproperty of that name, Brzezie, is located between Wloclawek and Radziejów, close to the village WIENIEC and Badkowo [see KRONENBERG].

Jadwiga Barthel de Weydenthal - Brzeska, b. 1884 in BADKOWO, d. 1961, soldier of the I Brigade, activist of the independence, sculptress, godmother of the ship Batory. She was the daughter of Zdzislaw and Aniela Rózanska; sister of above Przemyslaw Barthel de Weydenthal - Colonel; Jerzy Barthel de Weydenthal; Jan Barthel de Weydenthal and Maria Barthel de Weydenthal - activists of the independence, a teacher in the high school, a nun of the Ursuline Sisters. Jadwiga studied at home, later in Paris at the Sorbonne, then was in the country in 1905-1906. In 1916-1919 studied at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw.
D.
Nadróz close to Rogowo, in the Rypin county. The village belonged to Nadrowski, at the end of 18th cent. to Balinski and Kretkowski; ca 1812 Adam Nadrowski taken all estate.
Nadróz ca 1850 bought Wilhelm Fryderyk Barthel von Weidenthal, who was an administrator of Antoni Suminski estate in Zbójno. Then in 1856 to his son Alfred Kalikst Barthel. 1886 Nadróz with Balin to Alfred Józef Barthel, son of Alfred Kalikst. The last in Nadróz - to 1939 - was Artur Barthel, son of Alfred Józef who acted also in Rypin.
Nadróz - 9 km south of RYPIN; north of Wloclawek and LIPNO.
See Swiedziebnia - 16 km north-east of RYPIN.
Brzezno near to Lipno [see Golub-Dobrzyn and PLOCK !];
Marianowo, in the Rypin County, close to Golub-Dobrzyn and RYPIN - 13 km north-west of RYPIN.
CHOCEN close to KOWAL and Izbica Kujawska [see my Encyclopedia].
Brzezie, BADKOWO and Wieniec - west of Wloclawek.

Barthel de Weydenthal - in BEDKOW or BADKOWO and see BRZEZIE [KRONENBERG - see Tyminska and Wojtyla], 7 km east of Bedków / BADKOWO.
E.
Osiecz Wielki - ca 1810 this land property was owned by the Bninski family.
In 1870 these estates also included: Osiecz Wielki, Osiecz Maly, Kucice, Biezyn, Arciszewo, Wola Paruszewska and Uklejnice.
At the beginning of the 20th cent. to the Plater family. Osiecz Wielki is situated 10 km south-west of Chocen; 10 km north-west of CHODECZ; east of Izbica Kujawska; south of Wloclawek, BADKOWO and Brzesc Kujawski. Osiecz Wielki - here was born Jacek Plater in 1932, son of Count and landowner.
Count Witold Maria Broel Plater, 1893-1962 - in 1922 - built the private elementary school in assets Osiecz Wielki and Osiecz Maly; he was the son of Wiktor Maria Broel-Plater, Count and Aleksandra Maria Helena POTOCKA, Broel-Plater, 1863-1918.
Named Wiktor Maria Broel-Plater, Count, b. 1843 in Belmont, died in 1911 in Bad Nauheim, Germany, was the son of Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater and Idalia Adelajda SOBANSKA b. 1808;
father of Ignacy; Antoni Broel-Plater and Witold Maria Aleksander Broel-Plater; brother of Konstanty Ignacy Antoni Broel-Plater; Wlodzimierz Ignacy Antoni Broel-Plater and Feliks Broel-Plater.

Above Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater b. 1791 in Pinsk, d. 1854, was the son of Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750.

Above
Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750 was the son of PETRONELA NAGORSKA and Wilhelm Jan Plater, 1715 - d. 1769 in Vilnius, who was the son of Jan Plater and Elena Filipina OGINSKA b. ca 1694 in Mogilev by Dniepr river.

Elena Filipina OGINSKA was the sister of Michal Antoni Oginski b. 1696 in Stakliškes - north-east of Alytus / Olita. Michal OGINSKI was the son of Leon Kazimierz Oginski, b. ca 1658, who was the brother of Kazimierz Dominik Oginski b. ca 1664.

F.
Now about Mielzynski of Radziejów / Radziejów Kujawski:

Piolunowo - village in the Radziejow county, near to Radziejów, south-west of BADKOWO; west of WIENIEC; landowner Mikolaj Roskowski, then since 1616 - Mielzynski, and in 1631 - Stanislaw Legocki.

RADZIEJOW - Maciej Mielzynski was the district administrator of Radziejów in 1762; he was living 1733-1793
[son of Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski {Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski b. 1682 and Krystyna Skalawska};
father of Prokop Mielzynski;
Anna Maria Mycielska and Józef Mielzynski Count;
brother of Józef Klemens Krzysztof Mielzynski];
his wife Seweryna Lipska b. ca 1750, died in 1804 - Chobienice [see: Count Jan Mielzynski b. 1831 - Chobienice].

Maksymilian (Maksymilian Antoni Jan), son of Andrzej MIELZYNSKI and Bninska [Andrzej Walenty Mielzynski b. 19.10.1698 + Anna Petronella Bninska b. ca 1720], born 1737 / 1738, MP in 1773, had the right of succession to the property after a father [Adam Dadzbog Baranowski] of his great-grandmother Teresa Baranowska, that is Grocholno, Rospedek, Debogóra, Lankowice, Malice, Gromadna, Spióry, Bak, Tupadl, Siernik, Szamocin Lastkowy, but
he has assigned in 1771 to Maciej MIELZYNSKI all above properties;
he taking over his father's pledge of assets:
Zytowiecko, Mala Leka and Grodziszczko, and bought all named in 1771 from hands of Jan Nepomucen Mycielski.
From hands of Duke Antoni Sulkowski, bought in 1791
Zduny and villages: Perzyce, Borownica, Chachalnia, Ujazd, Baszków !, Bestwin, Trzaski, Trafary, Kobylin and Rembiechów, Dlugoleka, Bartoszek.
Maksymilian Mielzynski died in Pawlowice in 1799, and he put away a part of land property Konary in 1772, to his wife Konstancja Czapska, and Rozalia nee Czapska.
His daughter Józefa (Józefa Nepomucena Rozalia Konstancja Franciszka), b. in Rabin, 1773, m. 1790 in Pawlowice to Augustyn Kozminski, but she died in 1792 in Wronki. Next daughters: Helena, died in Rabin in 1774;
Katarzyna (Katarzyna Regina Barbara Cecylia), b. Rabin, 1775, m. in Pawlowice in 1793 to Prokop Mielzynski; she died in 1817.

Czolowo - village in the Radziejow county, near to Radziejów.

Bodzanowo - village in the Radziejow county, near to Dobre; the royal village, which L. Mielzynski since 1616 has received in the pledge; in 1789 - Aleksander Modlinski. 1795 - gen. Henryk Rudolf Bischofswerder; the village is situated 11 km west of BADKOWO.
G.
Brzezie close to Wloclawek [+ Badkowo] and the LANCKORONSKI family [Brzezie + Jedlno, Wola Pszczolecka]:

Adam Albert Wojciech Mecinski / ADAM, 1740-1796, m. Aniela Stadnicka with daughter Ewa Mecinska b. 1789 / 1790 {maybe ca 1780}.
Piotr RADOLINSKI, MP in 1790, 1760-1823, m. Tekla Celestyna Eleonora Lanckoronska of Brzezie, 1774-1849.
Barbara was the daughter of unknown Lanckoronski. Barbara maybe was the daughter of Jan Lanckoronski of Brzezie, officer of Nur, 1746 -1791, and Maria Anna Januszkiewicz b. 1755 [maybe before 1755];
Barbara was sister of:
Antoni Józef Lanckoronski 1777-1850 who married to above Ewa Mecinska of JEDLNO;
Julia Barbara Lanckoronska 1779-1846 m. Jakub Jerzy Antoni Dunin-Borkowski;
and maybe above Tekla Celestyna Eleonora Lanckoronska of Brzezie, 1774-1849.

Maria Szymanowska born Marianna Agata Wolowska in Warsaw, born 1789, died in 1831, St. Petersburg, Russia; was a Polish composer and one of the first professional virtuoso pianists of the 19th century. Marianna Agata Wolowska was daughter of Franciszek Wolowski, a landlord and a brewer, and his wife - above
Barbara LANCKORONSKA, b. ca 1771 [not in 1780] - 1849 / 1850?
1.
Leon Wladyslaw Loewenstein de Lenval was industrialist and philanthropist. He was the third son among five children of a wealthy Jewish merchant Jacob Loewenstein and Dorothy Kronenberg, older sister of Leopold Kronenberg; after graduating in 1855 of the Institute of Agriculture and Forestry at Marymont in Warsaw, he worked as administrator of property of Kronenberg in Brzezie in the area of Wloclawek. 1857 - went to Calvinism. 1882 lived mainly in Brussels and Nice.
2.
Brzezie - west of WLOCLAWEK [see Lipno and Plock !], close to Radziejow and Brzesc Kujawski / Brzesc Kujawski. BRZEZIE was the land property of Józef Dambski, b. ca 1810, son of Józef Walenty Dambski b. 1777 and Marcjanna Marianna Leszczynska born 1785.
Jozef Dambski's great-grandparents:
Tomasz Dambski of Inowroclaw, 1690-1748;
Lukasz Madalinski of Kowal, b. 1700
[Michal MADALINSKI m. Katarzyna Rudzki, with children:
Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski,
Franciszek Madalinski, the priest in Kruszwica, and in Brzesc Kujawski (?) in 1724;
Samuel Madalinski;
mentioned above Lukasz Madalinski;
and the last - Walenty.
Samuel MADALINSKI in 1731 save - give the comission a sum of money from the Chocen estate close to KOWAL and Wloclawek, to Anna Stempczynski married Gostkowska;
also SAMUEL with his brothers - Lukasz Madalinski and Walenty Madalinski, signed and chose the King Stanislaw Leszczynski in the Brzesc Kujawski county !
Samuel d. bef. 1738, left children with his wife -
Wiktoria Wierzbowski Madalinska];

Andrzej Leszczynski of Rawa Mazowiecka b. 1700;
Franciszek Kazimierz Lanckoronski of Brzezie and of Rawa Mazowiecka, 1723-1785;
Marianna Kolczynska b. 1690;
Ewa Estko b. 1740 [see the Estko - KOSCIUSZKO line];
Bazylea Woyczynska 1720-1751; and Eleonora Garczynska 1722-1802.
3.
Please remember on Kazimierz Brzezinski, Sr. born ca 1824, d. 1876, (60s of the 19 cent. emigrated ?? to Austrian Galicia), married ca 1865 to Zuzanna Mayer [born ca 1840 / 1845 ?]; they were living in Zolkiew. Zbigniew Brzezinski come from Kazimierz Brzezinski, Sr., 1824-1876.
H.
Bishop Bonawentura Madalinski / Bonawentura Dobrogost Madalinski in WLOCLAWEK and PLOCK, b. 1620, d. 1691, the son of Piotr Madalinski and Anna Chelmska.
In 1687, the Cathedral Chapter in Wloclawek with the founder of the new organs, the bishop Bonawentura Madalinski [these were completed at the end of 1691] - built new musical organs in WLOCLAWEK.

BROTHERS:
1.
Antoni UMINSKI b. ca 1700, and Teresa Rogalinski

[see General JAN NEPOMUCEN UMINSKI ! - HILARY Uminski b. ca 1730 - d. in 1792, the son of named Antoni Uminski b. ca 1700, and Teresa Rogalinski, the owner of Czeluscin near Gostyn, in 1778, m. in 1767, Biechowo, to Franciszka Ryszewska b. ca 1750 - d. after 1784, with children: Marianna, Róza, Maksymilian, Jan, Teresa, Katarzyna];
and 2.
Andrzej Uminski, b. ca 1700, and Apolinara Niemojewski

[ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska (1729-after 1784), the daughter of Andrzej Uminski and Apolinara Niemojewski; she was widowed in 1784; b. in Pieranie and married in 1743 to Michal Slubicki (ca 1710-before 1784), the Bydgoszcz official, with children: Apolinara Justyna Slubicka (b. 1743, Sobiesiernie, the Pieranie parish - north-west-north to RADZIEJOW)]
{during the Polish-Austrian War of 1809 under the orders of Jozef Poniatowski Neyman - CONSPIRATOR - was assigned deputy of General J. Niemojewski, commander of the department}.

Pieranie - 22 km north-west to RUSZKI and 26 km north-west to BADKOWO !

Sobiesiernie - 1 km west to PIERANIE and 27 km north-west to BADKOWO !

3.
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie [see the granddaughter of JAKUB Kiedrzynski !] close to Badkowo.

Antoni Mieroslawski b. ca 1740, d. 1797, the chamberlain in Inowroclaw; official in Kruszwica; the royal chamberlain, married 1st to Marianna Radonska born ca 1745, d. 1775, but 2nd marriage before 1769 to
Ksawera Franciszek Uminska with son
Adam Kasper Mieroslawski
born 1785 in Ruszki near Krotoszyn the village, close to BADKOWO, Wieniec and Brzezie; died on November 16, 1837 in Bar-le-Duc.

Remember:
Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730, of Ruszki; 1746 bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; official in Brzesc KUJAWSKI; m. Teresa Besiekierski, d. 1798.
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn the village, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / Wysocin. Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO, west to BRZEZIE and west to Wloclawek. Pocierzyn bef 1750 also included Krotoszyn and Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish. In Pocierzyn ca 1750 - Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska. His descendant - Onufry Uminski, grandfather of Wladyslaw Uminski (1865-1954), writer.

Adam Kasper Mieroslawski, Colonel of the November Uprising in 1831, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Napoleonic Army, Adjutant of General Davout; decorated with the title of the Knight of the French Empire; m. Camilla Notte de Vaupleux
with sons:
1. Ludwik Adam Mieroslawski (born 1814 in Nemours, the godfather was Marshal Louis Davout, died 1878 in Paris), general, writer and poet, political and nationalist activist, historian, participant of the November Uprising (1831), dictator of the January Uprising (February 17 - March 11, 1863);
2.
Adam Piotr Mieroslawski (born April 1815 in Stryków near Brzeziny, died 1851) - sailor, engineer, insurgent in 1831, he discovered again, after 300 years, the island of New Amsterdam, which he became the owner.

Jan Nepomucen Uminski, 1778-1851 = Jan = Nepomucen Uminski,
parents: Hilary UMINSKI and Franciszka Ryszewska.
On September 23, 1831 Jan Uminski was appointed commander-in-chief of the November Uprising, from which he resigned the same day.
Jan Nepomucen Uminski, the officer of the Polish army; service ended in the rank of Major General; participant of the 1794 Insurrection;
adjutant of General Antoni Józef Madalinski;
Napoleonic Wars and November Uprising 1830 - 1831 (Chief of Staff on September 23, 1831).
In 1820 was meeting of General Jan Nepomucen Uminski with Colonel Dobrogoyski, envoy of Kalisz. Dobrogoyski informed on the secret network in Cracow, and Uminski was claiming to be a branch in Great Poland; he had a confidential relationship with Lieutenant Colonel Ludwik Sczaniecki.

His parents:
Hilary Uminski / Hilarion Uminski, 1730/1735/1760-1792 + Franciszka Ryszewska b. ca 1740

[HILARY Uminski (b. ca 1730 - d. 1792), the son of
Antoni UMINSKI b. ca 1700, and Teresa Rogalinski;
Hilary Uminski was the owner of Czeluscin close to GOSTYN in 1778; m. in 1767 in Biechowo to Franciszka Ryszewska];

Czeluscin - close to PEPOWO, 4 km; 20 km west to KROTOSZYN the city [it has nothing to do with Krotoszyn close to Wloclawek!]; 14 km east to KROBIA; sout-east to SIEDLEC !

Biechowo - south to WRZESNIA.

The grandparents:
Antoni Uminski b. ca 1700 + Marianna Teresa Rogalinska, 1715-1796.
Marianna Teresa Rogalinska 1715-1796, was the daughter of Roman Rogalinski b. ca 1690 + Teofila Miaskowska.

Note to above ROMAN:
Stefan Poplawski, in 1741 in Noskow, married to Urszula Widlakówna; witnesses:
Roman Rogalinski,
Aleksander Radonski, Antoni Rokoszewski, Mikolaj Dobruchowski.
NOSKOW of Kiedrzynski -
11 km south - west to JAROCIN; 30 km east to Kunowo; 17 / 18 km east to KOSZKOWO of Kiedrzynski.

We back to GENERAL Nepomucen UMINSKI:
In the Strzelce Wielkie parish, close to GOSTYN, Piaski and KUNOWO:
a baptism in 1802 of Franciszek Xawery Pogorzelski - godmother Katarzyna Uminska;
in 1805 bpt. of Wiktoria Pogorzelska - godfather Nepomucen Uminski = Jan Nepomucen UMINSKI.
Ksawery Pogorzelski b. 1805 m. Marianna Rydzewska nee Sikorska in 1825. Ksawery Pogorzelski b. 1805, d. 1842, in Mystkowo, near Plonsk. His father Franciszek Pogorzelski.

Above Jan Nepomucen UMINSKI was the owner of
Smolice and Pruszynsk.
Strzelce Wielkie / Gross-Strzelce, close to Gostyn, in the ex-Kröben county; in 1846 belonged to Zakrzewska -
7 km east to GOSTYN ! and 10 km south-east to KUNOWO of Kiedrzynski ! 18 km north to PEPOWO - see Hilary UMINSKI ! - north-east to Rokosowo, Gogolewo, Poniec and Krobia; 9 km south-west to KOSZKOWO - see KIEDRZYNSKI.

Lukasz Kiedrzynski married to (1st time ?) Franciszka Buczynski / Buczynska, he was owner of Kunowo / Kunow in 1767 (from hands of his mother), he was son of Ludwika nee Sitnicka or Sielinski - 6 km north of Gostyn and 31 km south-east of Koscian. This is Kunow / Kunowo 6 / 8 km north of Gostyn, that is east of Leszno of the Sulkowskis. See: Koszkowo - 13 km north-east of Gostyn; Noskow / Noskowo - 9 km south-west of Jarocin and 16 km east of above Koszkowo; Gostyn / Gostingen, is a town in Greater Poland Voivodeship, in Gostyn County.
Mikolaj Kiedrzynski the 5th, b. ca 1735, from Koszkowo close to Noskowo and Kunowo.
Florian Kiedrzynski's father was Marcin Kiedrzynski senior, b. ca 1700/1715 - died in 1788, mother Wiktoria Pstrokonska / Wiktoria Poraj Pstrokonska.
Florian / Floryan Kiedrzynski, b. ca 1730 / 1740, owner of Noskowo / NOSKOW south-west to JAROCIN - inf. 1776, 16 / 18 km east of Koszkowo and 27 / 30 km east of Kunowo. The same Florian Kiedrzynski b. ca 1730 (1740 ?), married in 1759, his wife was living 1730-1786. His son Leon Kiedrzynski b. ca 1760. His uncle was Kazimierz Kiedrzynski m. Katarzyna Swierczkowska.

And Nepomucen UMINSKI was the owner of
Pruszyn - 10 km north-east to SIEDLCE - the Masovia prov.

SMOLICE -
west to Kobylin and 4 km south to CZELUSCIN ! And 8 km south-east to PEPOWO !

Jan Nepomucen Uminski b. 1778 in Czeluscin !
His father HILARY was the owner of Czeluscin - close to PEPOWO, 4 km; 20 km west to KROTOSZYN the city; 14 km east to KROBIA; sout-east to SIEDLEC [but of course it is not Siedlce]!

See on WALKNOWSKI:

In Kobierno, 7 km north-east to KROTOSZYN the city - see Mielzynski - in 1709, Rozalja Klara, was born to Stefan Dunin from Kobierno, and Anna; godparents:
Antoni Wiktor Walknowski official in WIELUN, and Anna Uminska.

In Laszczyn, 5 km north to RAWICZ, south-west to ROSZKOWO, in 1709, Tomasz Borucki m. Petronella Lubiatowska; witnesses: Wladyslaw Glinicki; Antoni Waliknowski / above WALKNOWSKI; Urszula Walknowska / Walikowska; Marjanna Slinicka [see Kiedrzynski].

Above Hilary UMINSKI m. ca 1760 to Franciszka Ryszewska with children:
1.
Antoni Uminski 1770-1813;
2. Teresa Uminska 1770-1836 + Wincenty Wilkonski;
3.
Rozalia Uminska + Józef Wilkonski, MP in 1789-1791; 1747-1822.
4.
Major of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Jan Nepomucen Uminski 1778-1851.

Debe - 11 km north-east to KALISZ; 22 km north-west to BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski !

Nepomucen Uminski married in 1817, Debe close to Kalisz. Who ?

Jan Nepomucen Uminski b. 1778 in Czeluscin, the brigade general, he took part in the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794, where he was the adjutant of general Antoni Madalinski.
In 1806 he fought near Gdansk and Tczew during the Napoleonic wars. He was taken prisoner by Prussia and released in 1807 and joined the French cavalry; he moved to the army of the Warsaw Duchy. In Poznan, he was the commander of the squadron of the Honor Guard.
The Polish-Austrian war in 1809; 1812 the Russian campaign, Borodino and near Smolensk.
As the first of the Napoleonic army, he headed the Polish Hussars to Moscow.
Leipzig in 1813, where he was wounded and was taken prisoner; release in 1815, he joined the army of the Congress Kingdom.
In 1816 he left the army and settled in Smolice [compare General Franciszek PASZKOWSKI]. In 1820, he founded the "Kosynierzy Union" / SCYTHEMEN, then he became a member of the Patriotic Society, for which he was convicted by the Prussians in 1826 for six years in prison.
Uminski was jaled in Glogow, whence escaped on 17 February 1831. He joined the army of Poland in 1831.
General Dembinski entrusted him with command of the 1st Cavalry Corps. On September 23, 1831 he was the commander-in-chief. After capitulation he moved to Modlin. In Plock he had a controversy with General Maciej Rybinski. He went to France to emigrate. He was a collaborator of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.
He was a member of the Freemasonry of the United Brothers as "journeyman" in 1829 [in prison ?].

Above
Antoni Józef Madalinski b. 1739, d. 1804 / 1805 in Borow, in the Przybyszew parish.
Polish general, commander of the cavalry, one of the commanders in the Kosciuszko Insurrection of 1794; the Bar Confederation in 1768; he was born in Porów in the Sieradz prov. {close to KALISZ ?} in 1739 or POROWO - maybe named above Borowa Wola, south to Nowe Miasto by the Pilica River.
Porowo close to KALISZ - we know Borow, 14 km east to KALISZ;

Above Madalinski Antoni / Antoni Józef, son of Gutowska, b. 1739, owner of Karniszew / Karniszewo until 1781, Kostrzyn east of Poznan in 1800, Piekary in 1802,
Zatopolice west to Radom,
Przybyszew / Przybyszewo [close to Bialobrzegi !!],
Lubania
and Borow, in the Przybyszew parish - BOROWE, 7 km west to PRZYBYSZEW.
Burned in Przybyszewo,
but his heart in Lubania north to Nowe Miasto by the Pilica River. Lubania close to Sadkowice, and close to Nowe Miasto.
Przybyszew - east of Nowe Miasto by Pilica!
He was in 1778 - 1788 under protection of the Sulkowskis; was living in Baszkow - 6 km to the Silesien and then Prussian border - south-west of Krotoszyn the city, close to Zduny - north-west of Ostrzeszow. Baszków is situated ca 5 km west of Zduny, the Leszczynskis land, then in 1791 to Mielzynski.
Antoni Madalinski after capitulation in 1794, was jailed by the Prussians 1795 - 1797.

Antoni Józef Madalinski b. 1739 in Porowo / Porów / Borowo [or Borowa Wola south to Nowe Miasto by the Pilica River; or Potworow ?], d. 1804 / 1805 in Borowo [Borow, in the Przybyszew parish. NORTH TO MARIOWKA then to KIEDRZYNSKI];
son of Józef [1700/1710 - 1755; Jozef was NOT son of Bonawentura Madalinski and Konstancja Oraczewska] and Barbara Gutowski / Gutowska b. ca 1710, died 1775.

LUBANIA - north to Nowe Miasto by the Pilica;
Sadkowice - north to named Nowe Miasto.
Porów - we are not sure where this town is located! Borow, in the Przybyszew parish.
Above Józef Madalinski b. ca 1710, d. 1755, of Niedzielsko 4 km east of Wielun, died in Srem close to Koscian - see Sulkowski! Józef Madalinski, acc. to inf. 1739 - owner of Karniszew (the Sokolniki parish north of Gniezno, includes: Bojanice, Bojanickie Huby, Borzatew / Wilhelmsau, Florentynowo, Karniszew / Karniszewo close to Klecko, Kobylica, Maczniki, Male Swiatniki, Mieleszyn north-east of Klecko, Przysieka, Sokolnickie Huby, Sokolniki), married to Barbara Gutowski, owner of Gola - 5 km west of Gostyn and close to the Sulkowskis estates, in 1745-1746 owner of Babin - 6 km north of Slupca and east of Wrzesnia; Chrostowo - 1754, d. 1755. Barbara m. 2nd in 1765 to Jakub Krzyzanowski.

Antoni Jozef Madalinski was a participant in the Bar Confederation fighting initially from 1768 in the branch of Józef Bierzynski. In 1770 he fought in Mazovia in the branches of Józef Sawa-Calinski, however, in December 1770 he was wounded near Wysokie and he was taken prisoner by Ksawery Branicki. In 1778-1788, in the political life he used the Sulkowskis' protection.
He was living in Baszków (commune of Zduny) and was the commander of the garrison in Zduny.

We back to UMINSKI and Czeluscin
- village in the Gostyn county, located 4 km south-east of Pepowo. Czeluscin belonged among others to Rogalinski; much later to General Jan Nepomucen Uminski who was born in 1778.
We back to Antoni Madalinski:
colonel of the Crown troops of 1781, in Gniezno in 1788; beat the Prussians several times and went to Krakow, where he links with Kosciuszko. He fought at Raclawice and Szczekociny, in defense of Warsaw and Prague. Captured by the Prussians, imprisoned, he was released in 1797.
Married to Witoria Skotnicki, with 8 children. He leased in 1787 Miejska Górka from Sulkowski; in 1797 he issue a power of attorney in Kieszkow to Antoni Kurnatowski, because antoni Madalinski was
the owner of Kieszków, Cerekiew and Zatopolice.
And Antoni transfered estates to his brothers:
Ludwik Madalinski and Aleksy Madalinski / Aleksander Madalinski.

In 1795, the Abbots of Plock ceased - they were the owners of Przybyszów / Przybyszew by the north bank of the PILICA river and west is BIALOBRZEGI - Przybyszew to Madalinski, so Prussia after the Third Partition of Poland occupied these areas. A part of post-monastery estates was Borowe - in 1802; Antoni died on 19 July 1804 in Borow / Borowe / Borowo and was buried in Przybyszewo.

Antoni's children:
Marja + Aleksander Iwanowski, the Zaslaw marshal;
Józefa d. 1853 + Ignacy Sosnowski, judge in RAWA;
Mikolaj Madalinski, b. in Miroslawice, Lieutenant in 1824, then Captain; m. 1st in 1832, Urszula Leszczynski, widow after death of her 1st husband - Antoni Swidzinski, the owner of Ossa; 2nd m. to Konstancja Zdziechowska, inf. 1850; his daughter Marja, m. in 1868 to Franciszek Czaplicki.

Father of named GENERAL Antoni Madalinski b. 1739:
JOZEF Madalinski born ca 1700/1710. or 1703.
Inf. on Józef in 1753 in SIERADZ vs Morawski; Jozef died in 1755 in SREM.
Married Barbara Gutowska, inf. in Koscian, 1759. KOSCIAN - 18 km east to WILKOWO POLSKIE !

JAN Madalinski was the grandfather of GENERAL. Jan b. 1665/1670; then in BADKOWO after a death of his wife Marjanna Klobski ca 1704; he became a priest in BADKOWO parish ca 1705.
His daughter Franciszka + Józef Kicki, inf. 1754 about Franciszka and her brother - Józef.

Great-grandfather of General:
Feliks Jan, MADALINSKI, b. 1630 ! Married Katarzyna Porczynski ca 1650
{Katarzyna Madalinska, Kesicka born Porczynska in Gasiorowo close to Swiercze. SOUTH TO PRZASNYSZ ! - see WORONIECKI}, with a daughter
Marjanna b. ca 1670, m. Jan Morawski before 1701 - she died before 1729; inf. 1726
{Marianna Morawska, born Madalinska ca 1670, to Feliks Jan Madalinski and Katarzyna Madalinska, Kesicka born Porczynska. Feliks was born ca 1630. They had son Józef Morawski};
and with sons:
Pawel Madalinski and
Jan Madalinski b. 1665/1670.

Named Pawel, a priest in 1690, in Wloclawek in 1692, Lowicz died in 1698.
Named Jan MADALINSKI, after death of wife was living in
Badkowo [a rector of the Badkowo parish] - close to Wloclawek; close to RUSZKI, where Andrzej Uminski was living, b. ca 1700, and Apolinara Niemojewski.
Compare on UMINSKI:
ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska b. 1729, d. after 1784, the daughter of Andrzej UMINSKI and Apolinara Niemojewski, widowed 1784; b. Pieranie, m. bef. 1743 to Michal Slubicki.

Stanislaw Uminski b. 1760, d. ca 1811, of Bronow - the Royal clark, m. Tekla b. 1775, 2nd to the granddaughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski. His sisters: Kazimiera Uminska d. 1786; Ksawera Franciszka Uminska + Antoni Mieroslawski; and his brothers:
Józef Uminski d. 1805;
Antoni Uminski d. 1813 + Marianna Byszewski;
Konstanty Uminski.

Above Antoni Uminski + Marianna Byszewski, had daughters: Marianna Uminska b. 1799, living in the WARTA district;
Tekla Uminska b. 1800 + Jan Kalinowski, official in KALISZ.
Mentioned above children come from the father - Kazimierz Uminski b. 1730, founder of a chapel in Ruszki,
in 1746 he bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI; married Teresa Besiekierski d. 1798.
And they were grandchildren of
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / WYSOCIN.

Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO; west to BRZEZIE; west to Wloclawek;
Pocierzyn and Krotoszyn belonged to Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish; ca 1750 Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska were the owners; then to Onufry Uminski, and his grandson - Wladyslaw Uminski (1865-1954).

Rozalia Uminska, the daughter of Konstantyn, married Jan Morzycki with a daughter Eufrazyna.

Pieranie - 22 km north-west to RUSZKI and 26 km north-west to BADKOWO.
Sobiesiernie - 1 km west to PIERANIE and 27 km north-west to BADKOWO.
Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie [see JAKUB Kiedrzynski !].

We again back to General Antoni Madalinski:
JAN Madalinski was the grandfather of GENERAL. Jan b. 1665/1670; then in BADKOWO after a death of his wife Marjanna Klobski ca 1704; he became a priest in BADKOWO parish ca 1705.
Great-grandfather of General:
Feliks Jan, MADALINSKI, b. 1630 ! Married Katarzyna Porczynski ca 1650
Katarzyna Madalinska, Kesicka born Porczynska, in Gasiorowo close to Swiercze. SOUTH TO PRZASNYSZ ! - see WORONIECKI.
Great-great-grandfather of General Madalinski:
maybe from Marcin Madalinski, b. ca 1600 / 1610, an official in Wielun in 1651, died in 1658.
Come from (?) JERZY: in 1606 Jerzy de Niedzielsko Madalinski, b. ca 1575/1580, official in Wielun, founder of a church in Rudki.
And maybe Jerzy was a descendant of (?) Sebastian.
Sebastian Madalinski 1st, b. ca 1545 /1560 - this is the General Antoni Madalinski line. Named Sebastian b. ca 1545 + Jadwiga Kobierzycki had son Jan Madalinski b. ca 1585, d. 1644, the Catholic priest.
Brother of named Sebastian 1st, b. ca 1545/1560 -
Aleksander, b. ca 1550 - 1617 [his parents: Antoni Madalinski, b. ca 1520/1525 + GALEWSKA], tax official in Wielun and Ostrzeszow in 1603; m. Anna Konopnicki of Kroczewo, 1 voto Dambska.

Niedzielsko:
Jan Madalinski in 1551-1567 an official in Wielun;
1552 Andrzej Madalinski and Antoni Madalinski, were the owners of Niedzielsko;
ca 1588 Sebastian Madalinski married Jadwiga Kobierzycka.
1606 - Jerzy de Niedzielsko Madalinski of Wielun;
Krzysztof Madalinski inf. 1607-1623.
Jan Aleksander Madalinski inf. 1632-1634. Judge in Wielun: Jan Aleksander Madalinski - 1634-1654.
Jakub Madalinski, ca 1640 m. Helena Kobierzycka.
Aleksander Madalinski - 1651-1654 in Wielun;
Sebastian Madalinski inf. 1670-1679.
Ignacy Madalinski inf. 1679-1681. Aleksander Madalinski inf. 1699. Zygmunt Madalinski inf. 1664-1685.
Józef Madalinski, 1710-1755; Antoni Madalinski, 1739-1804.
Michal Madalinski inf. 1740-1750. Mikolaj Madalinski b. 1797.

And this is a curiosity about the history of the world, published on January 1, 2018 on the BOUVIER family:

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier, born in 1770 [maybe ca 1775 ?] in Vesoul and killed on November 18, 1812 during the Battle of Krasnoi in Russia, is a French soldier, created baron of Empire by Napoleon in 1810.
Probably he is the same figure as Eugene's parents: Jean Baptiste Joseph de BOUVIE, Officer and doctor, who had a child with EVELYNE MORASKA / Ewelina Morawska / Evelyne de MORASKA, b. ca 1795, d. in 1879 [her son was the child born out of wedlock ?].

Jan Swiatopelk-Mirski / Iwon Mirski, b. ca 1787 / 1790, the owner of Kamienpol, died in MIORY in 1849, the Braslaw county; the marshal of the DZISNA county in 1812, married Michalina Osmulska (1799-1835), with daughter Natalia Mirska b. ca 1828, m. Eugene Bouvie - Bouvier / Eugeniusz Bouvie, b. 1813, that is Natalia de Bouvie (Swiatopelk-Mirski).
Natalia Mirska / Nathalia Herminie Micheline Jeronime SWIATOPELK MIRSKA, Pss, born ca 1828 in Kamienpol in the Vilnius governorate; died in 1887 in Versailles, FRANCE !
NATALIA was the wife of Eugeniusz de Bouvie, and mother of Michel Adalbert Jean de Bouvie born 1859. Sister of Klaudia Jesman and Wieslaw Swiatopelk-Mirski.
Named Michel Adalbert Jean Chrysosthome de BOUVIÉ was born in Vilnius / WILNO in 1859.
His father, mentioned Eugene Louis Dominique de BOUVIE, baron, born in 1813, near Vilna / WILNO - 32 km - in Choumsk, that is SZUMSK / Šumskas / Slobódka - Polany [of the SZUMSKI family - see Konstantynowicz], died in 1879 - Loivre, Marne, Champagne- Ardenne, FRANCE. Doctor and surgeon; De Bouvie, baron, was living in Wilno, in 1857.

Named SZUMSK, owned, at the beginning of the 19th cent., by Ludwik Szumski, d. 1825; he built a palace, and Wincenty Smokowski [see Konstantynowicz and Oginski !] painted a polychromes in the SZUMSK Palace.

Eugene's father:
Jean Baptiste Joseph de BOUVIÉ, Officer and doctor, born ca 1785 or in 1770.
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier, born in 1770 in Vesoul, created baron of Empire, maybe his son was born 1813 in Wilno, after death of father; the child born out of wedlock.
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier was the son of Claude Joseph Bouvier, merchant in Vesoul, native of Poligny (Jura) and Jeanne Barbe Leclerc, also from a family of merchants established in Vesoul at the end of 17th century, originating from Lorraine.
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier in April 1800 married Claudine Marguerite de Mailly de Chateaurenaud, the eldest daughter of Antoine Mailly. De MAILLY, Claudine Marguerite b. OCT 1783 in Chateaurenaud. Antoine DE MAILLY 1742-1819 m. in 1768, Claudine Alexandrine DAMAS, 1750-1783. Antoine DE MAILLY 1742-1819 m. in 1785 to Rosalie RECEVEUR, with daughter Félicie Anne Amélie DE MAILLY 1789-1830 m. in 1808, Jean Joseph Philibert GUILLEMAUT, 1778-1854.
Named Jean Joseph Philibert GUILLEMAUT, Doctor, from Maire de Louhans, b. 1778, had sons: Charles GUILLEMAUT, General, 1809-1886; and Pierre Eugene GUILLEMAUT, Doctor, 1810-1886.
Above Charles Guillemaut - deputy of Saone-et-Loire from 1871 to 1876, and senator from 1876 to 1886, of the group of the LEFT Republicans. He is general councilor of the canton of Beaurepaire from 1874 to 1886. He is the uncle of Lucien Guillemaut, deputy and senator of Saone-et-Loire. His son, the lawyer, Eugene-Francois-Philibert Guillemaut (1846-1917).

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Bouvier, born in 1770 [maybe ca 1775] in Vesoul, in April 1812 the colonel, took part in the Russian Campaign [June 1812 - then in Wilno probably], occupied Smolensk and was killed near Krasnoe on November 18.
General Jean-David Freytag wrote in his memoirs: "The death of Colonel Bouvier was a great loss for the army".
His son Hippolyte Bouvier without descendant.

Compare!

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis (Bouvier) (1929 - 1994)
come from
Michel Bouvier b. 1792 in Pont-Saint-Esprit, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, France, died in Philadelphia.
Son of Eustache Bouvier and Therese Mercier [see MERCIER in Russia !].
Father of Elizabeth Dixon; Zenaide Bouvier / Zenajda; Alexine E. Bouvier; Mary Howell Bouvier; John Vernou Bouvier I.
Above
Eustache / Andre Eustache Bouvier, b. in 1758 in Grenoble - d. 1835, the son of François Bouvier b. 1728, d. 1773, and Benoite Repelin.

Compare:
Claude Joseph Bouvier, merchant in Vesoul, native of Poligny (Jura), born ca 1750/1752 [see below].

Above Zenaide Bouvier, 1838-1914 / Zénaďde Bouvier (1835 - 1914) of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Siblings of named André Eustache BOUVIER b. in 1758 in GRENOBLE:

Pierre Joseph BOUVIER b. 1754;
Claude BOUVIER b. 1755 [maybe ca 1752 - Claude Joseph Bouvier, merchant in Vesoul, native of Poligny (Jura), born ca 1750/1752];
François BOUVIER b. 1756;
Jeanne b. 1757.

Note on Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Kennedy Onassis née Bouvier, 1929 - 1994:

Jerzy Sergius von Mohrenschildt in MOZYRZ / Mozyr (see Bulhak family and Ipohorski) in Belarus, in 1911. He had an older brother, Dimitri / Dymitr. His father was Sergey Alexandrovich von Mohrenschildt; his mother, Alexandra / Aleksandra Zopalsky / ALEKSANDRA ZAPOLSKA, of Polish descent.
Sergey von Mohrenschildt was a Marshal of Nobility of the Minsk Province 1913 - 1917 (see Karol Hutten - Czapski and Duflon & Konstantynowicz in Minsk), and an Actual Civil Councilor; 1920, Sergy von Mohrenschildt was arrested by the Bolsheviks; while awaiting transport to Veliky Ustyug, Sergey became ill. The Soviet government released Sergey, his wife and De Mohrenschildt then fled to Poland; De Mohrenschildt's older brother Dimitri was awaiting execution but was later released in a prisoner exchange in Poland; Alexandra died ca 1922 in Poland. De Mohrenschildt lived in Wilno (here the Konstantynowiczs), Jerzy was graduated from the Wilno gymnasium in 1929 and later graduated from Polish Cavalry Academy in 1931. Then he completed a dissertation on the economic influence of the U.S. on Latin America; in Liege in Belgium in 1938. Jerzy von Mohrenschildt / George de Mohrenschildt moved to the United States in 1938; changed his surname to de Mohrenschildt; he was working for German intelligence?
He was hired by the Shumaker company in New York City, which also employed Pierre Fraiss - the French intelligence spy. He lived together with his older brother Dimitri von Mohrenschildt on Long Island, New York - Dimitri was the founder of the CIA's Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty;
Dimitri died in 2002.
GEORGE De Mohrenschildt became acquainted with the Bouvier family, including young Jacqueline Bouvier, future wife of John F. Kennedy, and he became a friend of Jacqueline's aunt Edith Bouvier Beale.
George H. W. Bush did not disclose that he knew Oswald's closest friend, George de Mohrenschildt, since 1942.

Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Kennedy Onassis née Bouvier, 1929 - 1994, was the wife of the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy until his assassination in 1963. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker, John Vernou Bouvier III and Janet Lee Bouvier.
Named Janet Norton Lee Bouvier Auchincloss b. 1907, died 1989, was the mother of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lee Radziwill.
John Vernou Bouvier III, was of French, Scottish and English descent.
Janet Bouvier married a second time in 1942, to Hugh D. Auchincloss (1897-1972).
"...The Auchinclosses are Scottish bloodline of the Illuminati. ... through the names of the ramified Auchincloss tribe: Bunt, Grosvenor, Rockefeller, Saltonstall, Tiffany, Vanderbilt and Winthrop ... For instance, Hugh D. Auchincloss, Sr. married Emma Brewster Jennings, daughter of Oliver B. Jennings, who co-founded Standard Oil with John D. Rockefeller [see ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI and NOBEL - Baku + the Armands and Nobel at the board of the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - see Miezonka and Moscow]. As for the numerous Kennedy intermarriages with notable names, for instance, Bernet Shafer Kennedy (1798-1878) married Phebe Freeman in 1820. ... Andrew Kennedy married Margaret (Penny) Hatfield (1824-1989). The Andrew Kennedy family is allied with the Hatfield, Bailey, Collins, and Mullins families..."
- acc. to 'bibliotecapleyades'.

And you remember about
JAKOB CHRAPOWICKI / Jakov - Colonel of Smolensk (1741), and a judge of Smolensk (1780) [see KENNEDY and BOUVIER in US].

Named above Janet / Janet Lee Bouvier was born in 1907, in Manhattan; the daughter of James Thomas Lee (1877 - 1968) / Jim Lee, a lawyer and real estate developer, and Margaret A. Merritt 1878 - 1943. Above James Thomas Lee / Jim Lee was the son of Dr. James Lee and Mary Norton; Jim Lee was the husband of Hattie Jane Lee and above Margaret A. Merritt.
Named above Janet's [Janet Lee Bouvier] father (Jackie Bouvier Kennedy's grandfather) James Thomas Lee / Jim Lee was son of Dr. James Lee and Mary Norton; Dr. James Lee was from the immigrants from Cork, Ireland, whose father started out in New York City;
Jackie's grandfather became a Chase Manhattan Bank president!
Janet Norton Vernou Bouvier had 2 children, 1st married to John Jack Vernou Bouvier. They divorced. Janet married Hugh Dubley Auchincloss in 1942.
Mentioned above Janet Norton Lee Bouvier Auchincloss was the mother of former United States First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lee Radziwill. She was the mother-in-law of United States President John F. Kennedy.

Michel Bouvier [see below !] b. 1792 in France, Languedoc, Gard, Pont St Esprit or in Quebec, Canada in 1792 to Eustache Bouvier and Therese Mercier. Michel Bouvier had been a foot soldier for Napoleon. Died in 1874 PA, Philadelphia Co, Philadelphia - buried St Marys Catholic Cemetery.
Grandfather of above MICHEL - Francois Bouvier 1727 - 1773.
Therese Mercier b. AUG 1766 in France, d. 1828 / or 1850 in France, was the daughter of Joseph Mercier and Anne Trintignant;
wife of Eustache Bouvier and mother of Michel Bouvier.
Above Joseph Mercier b. circa 1740 was the son of Melkior Mercier. Michel married Sarah Anne Pearson and had 2 children. Michel married 2nd to Louise C. Vernou and had 8 children. He died in 1874 in Massachusetts, USA [or Philadelphia].

Named above JACQUELINE LEE BOUVIER KENNEDY ONASSIS b. 1929, was daughter of Janet Norton Lee, born 1907, but Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's parents divorced in 1940. Janet Bouvier married a second time in 1942, to Hugh D. Auchincloss (1897-1972). She married a third time in 1979, to Bingham Morris. Morris's first wife had been a bridesmaid in the wedding party of his second wife (Janet Lee Bouvier).
"... Jacqueline Kennedy was half-Irish, her mother being the granddaughter of four immigrants from County Cork, who came to New York during the 1840's potato famine. Jacqueline Kennedy's paternal grandmother Maude Sergeant was the daughter of an immigrant from Kent, England. Despite her maiden name, Jacqueline Kennedy's French ancestry was descent from one great-grandfather, making her only one-eight French. The first Bouvier to settle in America was carpenter [see above !] Michel Bouvier, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1815 from Point Saint-Esprit in the Provence region.
... [Jacqueline Kennedy] had a younger sister, Caroline Lee Bouvier Canfield Radziwill Ross (born 1933).
Through the second marriage of her mother, Jacqueline Kennedy had two half-siblings, Janet Jennings Auchincloss (1945-1985) and James Lee Auchincloss (born 1947);
by Hugh D. Auchincloss's first marriage to MARIA CHRAPOWICKA / Maria Chrapovitsky, she had a step-brother, Hugh D. ("YUSHA / JUSZA") Auchincloss, Jr. (born 1927?);
by Hugh D. Auchincloss's second marriage to Nina Gore Vidal, she had a step-sister, NINA Auchincloss Steers Straight (born 1935?), and a step-brother Thomas Auchincloss (born 1937?). Although the author, playwright and social critic Gore Vidal has often been identified as a stepbrother to Jacqueline Kennedy, they both shared the same stepfather, but through different mothers".
At Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York indicate one Thomas Merritt and his wife Maria Curry, two of Jacqueline Bouvier's great grandparents - were from County Clare.
County Clare - north-west of LIMERICK.

The MERCIER family - Paris, London, St Petersburg:

JOSEPH MERCIER / Josephine Friedrichs, born Mercier (1778 - April 5, 1824) - a favorite of the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, with whom in 1806-1820, she was in cohabitation. Since 1816, after the award of the Russian nobility, she was called Ulyana Mikhailovna Alexandrova. Mother of the only son of the Grand Duke KONSTANTIN, Pavel Alexandrov (1808-1857).

Maybe she was the daughter of Jean Guillaume MERCIER, 1741-1796, m. in 1773 to Catherine SCHMITS, 1740-1796, and granddaughter of Jean Jacques MERCIER 1698-1774 + Marguerite GUILLAUME b. ca 1720.

The life of Josephine / Josephine Friedrichs, born Mercier was full of romance adventures for the first time when she was 14 years old! for the first time when she was 14 years old! She was born in 1778 or ca 1780 in Paris in the family of artisan Mercier. Very young Josephine entered the service in the fashionable Parisian store of Madame Boudet de Terre / Mrs. Budde de Terre. "Juju", as everyone called her, at the age of 14 she gone to England.
After spending four years in one of the London boarding houses, the next two years, Josephine lived with her patron, who then suddenly died without a will, and not marrying her. Josephine, in 1798, met in London a German [married him ca 1803] who came from Russia, who was called Colonel Baron Alexander von Friedrichs, a wealthy landowner from the Baltic region; in fact - Eustache Ivanovich Friederichs (about 1772 - after 1834), the son of Revel's bourgeois). Her husband back to Russia, leaving his wife temporarily in London. Josephine decided to go to Russia in 1805 to St. Petersburg. Here she learned that Friedrichs was a simple courier who had recently traveled to England with the dispatches of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs! She was welcomed by an old acquaintance, Mrs. Budde de Terre, who now lived in Petersburg and had a fashion store! She went to her shop in the manager's office. Soon Alexander Friedrichs returned from the Caucasus and persuaded Josephine to return to him.
After living with him for two years in poverty [1806-1807], in a rented small apartment, she decided to divorce him.
Josephine met Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich [1807].
Josephine found a lover, friend and patron: in 1807, she divorced her husband and settled in the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, and in 1808 she had a son named Pavel Konstantinovich Alexandrov.
Interesting details left in the memories of the famous Denis Davydov. Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (b. 1784, Moscow) is a Russian poet. Konstantin Pavlovich missed them and in 1813 he wrote to Count Vasilyev. Count Vladimir Fedorovich Vasilyev (1782 - 1839, Moscow) - nephew of the Minister of Finance Alexei Ivanovich Vasiliev, the son-in- law of Ivan Kutaisov, in 1820-23, the Tula governor.
Ulyana (Josephine) Mikhailovna Aleksandrova, nee Mercier, m. Friderichs, in the second - Weiss (1788 - 1824). According to the memoirs, Josephine was charming.
In 1815, Josephine followed, along with her 8-year-old son, to Warsaw, where she lived with KONSTANTIN in the same house.
Josephine began to be called Ulyana Mikhailovna Alexandrova, in Warsaw, but at this time Konstantin Pavlovich fell in love with the young Polish countess Jeanette Grudzinskaya (1795-1831) and Countess Anna Potocka wrote on this love in her memoirs. Shortly before his marriage (May 27, 1820) Konstantin Pavlovich took care of the future fate of Josephine. On March 22, 1820, she married his adjutant, Colonel of the Guards Regiment, Alexander Sergeevich WEISS.

Josephine Mercier (Friderichs, Aleksandrova, Weiss) b. 1778 d. 1824; she married second time in 1820 to Aleksandr Gustav Johann Weiss / Alexander Gustav Johann von Weiss (son of Sergei / Andreas Otto Georg von Weiss b. 1760); her stepson Constantine Reinhold von Weiss b. 1839 d. 1917; her grandson Aleksandr von Weiss b. 1870. Above mentioned Aleksandr Gustav Johann Weiss / Alexander Gustav Johann von Weiss / Alexander Sergeevich b. 1792 d. 1845, his father Sergey or Andreas Otto Georg von Weiss b. 1760 d. 1821, and his mother Anna Maria Albrecht b. ca 1768.
Aleksandr Gustav Johann Weiss / Alexander Gustav Johann von Weiss was married 2nd [here was my mistake] to Anna Elisabeth von Wrangel / Anna Elisabeth Wrangell b. 1804, 1st time in 1820 married to Josephine le Mercier or Lemercier b. 1778 d. 1824;
his children:
Nikolay von Weis b. 1833,
Alexandrina Elizabeth von Weiss b. 1837,
Constantine Alexandrovich / Konstantin Reinhold von Weiss b. 1839,
Alexander Karl Clemens / Alexander Alexandrovich b. 1840.

Anna Elisabeth von Wrangel / Anna Elisabeth Wrangell Betsy b. 1804. Marriage with Alexander Gustav Johann von Weiss b. 1792; her children: Nikolay von Weis b. 1833, Alexandrine Elizabeth Delingshausen b. 1837, mentioned Konstantin Reinhold b. 1839, and last Alexander Carl Clemens b. 1840 d. 1921. She died 1875 in Uchten.
Her father Georg Johan von Wrangell from Uchten (1760 in Reval - 1836, his brother Karl Magnus von Wrangell);
grandfather Reinhold Johann von Wrangell (1721 - 1767) from Koddil / Kodila, Raplamaa, Estland;
great-grandfather Karl Johann von Wrangell b. 1691, by Peter Trefilov at geni.com.

Mentioned Aleksandrov Pavel Konstantinovich / Aleksandrov Pavel K., Adjutant-General, son of Grand Duke Konstantin / Constantine Pavlovich and Ulyana Mikhailovna Aleksandrova / Josephine Fridriks / Ulyana Mikhailovna Alexandrova / Friedrichs Josephine, was born 1808.
Godfather was the Emperor Alexander I.
His mother Josephine Friedrichs nee Mercier b. 1778 - d. 1824; 1805, she arrived to St. Petersburg, as an actress, in search of her husband. In London she married to Colonel Alexander von Friedrichs, a personal aide-adjutant Emperor! She found her husband and divorced. Constantine Pavlovich / Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov met her 1807; in 1816, she taken name Juliana M. / Ulyana Mihajlovna Alexandrova. In 1820, Juliana M. married Colonel Weiss. Her son Alexandrov in 1829 was appointed aide-adjutant to His Imperial Majesty, and in 1831 took part in the war against the Polish insurgents. 1846 - a major general; 1855 was appointed adjutant-general, and 1856 lieutenant general.
Alexandrov Pavel Konstantinovich / Aleksandrov Pavel K. married in 1833 to Shcherbatov, Princess Anna Alexandrovna; Pavel K. Alexandrov died 1857.

Note to Sergey or Andreas Otto Georg von Weiss b. 1760 d. 1821, married Anna Maria Albrecht b. ca 1768; Andreas had also son KLEMENS von Weiss, b. 1799, d. 1895.

Andreas Otto Georg von Weiß genealogy -
Andreas Otto Georg (Andrej Andr.) von Weiss (1760 - 1821) junior, born in Riga, Latvia. Died, 17 Oct 1821 in Dresden, Germany.
Son of Andreas Weiss senior

[Andreas senior b. 1734 in Saint Petersburg, d. 1767 in Dorpat. Son of Andreas (Andrej) von Weiss oldest {b. ca 1680 ?, d. 1735, husband of Agafia / Agafja von Weiss} and Agafja. Husband of Sophie Dorothea Gyllenfalk {Sophie Dorothea Gyllenfalk (von Güldenfalck), b. 1741 in St Petersburg, Russia; d. 1796. Daughter of Otto Georg Gyllenfalk and Dorothea Elisabeth von Bussen. Mother of Andreas Otto Georg (Andrej Andr.) von Weiss}]

and Sophie Dorothea Gyllenfalk.

Andreas junior [Sergei / Andreas Otto Georg von Weiss b. 1760] was the husband of Anna Marie.
Father of
Gustav Johann Alexander von Weiss [Aleksandr Gustav Johann Weiss / Alexander Gustav Johann von Weiss m. in 1820 in Warsaw to Josephine nee Mercier];
Sophia Marianna (Sophia Andreevna) Princess Trubetskaya;
Andreas Franziskus von Weiss;
Clemens von Weiss
and Katharina Antoniette von Weiss.

Alexandrova was married to Weiss, the brother of Princess Trubetskoi.
Sophia Marianna von Weiss b. 1795, died in 1848; the daughter of WEISS 1770-1814 [Andreas junior / Sergei / Andreas Otto Georg von Weiss b. 1760].

Alexander Troubetzkoy, born 14 July 1813, General Major, his parents: Vassily Troubetzkoy b. 1776, died in 1841, and mentioned Sophia Marianna von Weiss b. 1795;
above Alexander married 24 November 1852 to Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins / Voisin b. 1835, and his children:
Margarita Troubetzkoy b. 1857 and
Alexei b. 1866.

Above Vassily mother - Elena Nesvizky / Helena Nieswiz b. 1746 died 1831 and his father Serguei / Siergiej Troubetzkoy died 1782,
grandfather Alexey TRUBECKI born 1700 and grandmother Anna Naryshkine b. 1704;
great-grandfather Youri Troubetzkoy by wife Elena Tcherkasskaia / Tcherkassky (children: Nikita b. 1699, above Alexey b. 1700, Ivan born 1703, and by second wife Olga Golovine - Dimitri born 1724).

Above named Margarita Troubetzkoy born 14 October 1857 - but not Maria - married to Marie Christian LABROUSSE de BEAUREGARD d. 1911, and his parents: Bertrand Christian Labrousse de Beauregard and Cecile de Mones d'Elbouix.

Above mentioned Nikita Yurevich Trubetskoy born May 26, 1699 in Moscow, and died on October 16, 1767, his cousin Prince Dmitry Yu. Troubetzkoy (1724 - 1792).

Piotr Troubetzkoy (1798-1871), Prince, General of Cavalry, Smolensk and Orel governor and his father:
Ivan Trubetskoy born 1760 and was died in 1843,
his grandmother Tatiana Kozlovskaya / Kozlowska and his grandfather Nikolai Trubetskoy died 1782.
Parents of Nikolai Trubetskoy: Ivan Yu. Troubetzkoy b. 1703 d. 1744 and Maria Yakovlevna Glebova;
his grandparents: Yuri Troubetzkoy born on April 20, 1668 died on September 8, 1739 and mentioned Elena G. Cherkassy / Cherkassky.

Georgiy TRUBECKI born 1866 died 1926 - general lieutenant, the grandson of Jurij Ivanovich Trubetskoy died 1850, great-grandson of Ivan Dmitrievich Trubetskoy 1756 - 1827, this Ivan was grandson of above named Jurij Jurievich Trubetskoy 1668 - 1739.

Josephine WEISS, together with her husband, left for France, her health required a milder climate. The couple settled in Nice, where on April 5, 1824, Josefina died.
Her son Pavel Konstantinovich Aleksandrov, Adjutant-General, was married to the lady-in-waiting Princess Anna Aleksandrovna Shcherbatova.

Alexander Sergeevich WEISS (1782-1845) - Vilnius police chief, since 1818 the adjutant of Konstantin Pavlovich in WARSAW, captain, later colonel, major general, was a member of the Masonic lodge "Temple of Permanence"; the second time he was married to the Baroness Anna Elizabeth Wrangel.

The branch of named above Jurij Jurevich Troubetzkoy 1668 - 1739:
his son: Ivan Jurevich Bolshoj Troubetzkoy 1703 - 1744,
grandson: Nikolaj Ivanovich Trubetskoj / Troubetzkoy b. ? died on August 25, 1782;
great-grandson Ivan Nikolaevich Trubetskoj c. 1760 - c. 1844;
his son: Piotr Ivanovich Trubetskoj 1798 - 1871; and
grandson: Nikolay Petrovich Trubetskoj 1828 - 1900.
His son: Evgenij Nikolaevich Trubetskoj 1863 - 1920; he has 12 children, 3 with the first wife.
His son : duke Sergei Evgenevich Trubetskoj / Troubetzkoy born on 27 Febr. 1890 in Moscow, d. 1949 in Klamar, philosopher.

Brother of above named Ivan Yu. Troubetzkoy b. 1703:
Nikita Trubetskoy Y. born on May 26, 1699 and married to Anastasia Gavrilovna Golovkin and Anna Danilovna Drutska - Sokolinskaya / Anna Drucka - Sokolinska; he was in 1737, Lieutenant-General.

Princesse Maria Alexandrovna Troubetzkoy b. ? and married
Vladimir Feodorovitch von der Launitz / Launitz von der V. F. / Vladimir Fedorovich b. 1855, d. 1906 (the family from Grobin - Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz b. 1796 - and Riga - Robert Eberhard Launitz b. 1806), Major-General in 1905, graduated from Page Corps school in St. Petersburg in 1873, the Russo-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878, vice-governor of Arkhangelsk, Tambov governor, December 1905 the chief of St. Petersburg administration, address - state apartment at 6 Admiralteysky Avenue;
his son Feodor Vladimirovitch von der Launitz b. 1899.
Father of above Maria: Alexander Troubetzkoy born 14 July 1813, d. 17 April 1889, General Major,
grandfather Vassily Troubetzkoy b. 1776 by wife Sophia Marianna von Weiss, b. 1795.

But we know about: Margarita Troubetzkoy born 1857, her brother Alexei b. 1866. And Margarita Troubetzkoy b. on 14 October 1857, d. ? married to Marie Christian LABROUSSE de BEAUREGARD who died 1911.
The mother of above Margarita:
Marie-Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins b. 1835, d. 1901 (The Company 'Dux' since 1910 manufactured aircraft Farman, Voisin, Deperdyussen!).

Probably above Russian prince Alexander Troubetzkoy in 1846 bought a property for Maria Taglioni, a prima ballerina. Marie Taglioni transferred much of her activity to Saint Petersburg, where she and her father spent a season from 1836 till 1842; her husband, Jean Pierre Victor Alfred Gilbert de Voisins / Count Alfred Gilbert de Voisins m. 1832, separated in 1835 and divorced in 1844; but she has a daughter in 1835 and the second a son in 1843, probably illegitimate, but he has the title Comte Gilbert de Voisins.
Marie’s daughter Marie Eugenie married Alexander Troubetzkoy, born 14 July 1813, and her next of kin to a Fürst zu Windischgrätz. During the 1870’s Marie Taglioni resided in London. Later she moved with her son and his family to Marseilles, where she died in 1884.

Marie Eugenie Gilbert de Voisins died 1901, her brother Georges Philippe Gilbert de Voisins died 1893, his son Augusto died 1939 in Paris; husband of above Marie - Alexander Troubetzkoy b. 1813.
Marie's father - Jean Pierre Victor Alfred Gilbert de Voisins died 1863 with wife Marie Taglioni died 1884.
Grandfather Pierre Paul Alexandre born 1773. His sister Anne Marie Marthe died 1801 with husband Marie Joseph d'Osmont, Lieutenant General.
Great-grandfather Pierre Paul second Gilbert de Voisins with wife de Beauchamps.

Note:
Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897;
her partner Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia and with him was the daughter of Sofia Troubetzkoy (1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid).
Husband of above named Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina:
Sergey Trubetskoy / Sergey Vasilievich Trubetskoy (1815 - 1859) son of Vassili Sergejevich Fürst Trubetskoy
('Vasily', born April 3, 1776 and died February 22, 1841; general of cavalry, member of the State Council).

The same Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Oginski

(above Olga Osipovna Kalinovskaya was born 1818 or 1822 and was married in 1844 to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus; she was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska; Michael-Bogdan Oginski married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki; Bogdan Oginski died on 25 March 1909).

The following year Prince Michal Oginski was born under the normal circumstances to Ireneusz Oginski and Olga nee Kalinowski (her sister Countess Jozefina Kalinowska married Ireneusz Oginski, too).
Prince Ireneusz Oginski died in 1863, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.

Above Vasily Troubetzkoy, general of cavalry, member of the State Council, born 1776 and died 22.2.1841. His relatives: de Voisins, Gilbert, de Rohan-Rochefort, Manfredi, de Beauregard, Mussin-Pushkin, de Morny, Silva-Bazan.
His granddaughter Margarita, b. 14.10.1857, married 14.11.1881 to Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard who died 1.6.1911.
Next granddaughter: Maria, b. 7.12.1886.
And by Vladimir Trubecki, b. 1824, his daughter Maria, born 12.5.1857, died 1933, m. 29.6.1880 and div. with Aleksej Yakovlevich Voropanov.
Above Vasily Trubecki had a daughter Maria, born 4.4.1819.

Princesse Maria Alexandrovna Troubetzkoy b. ?, married Vladimir Feodorovitch von der Launitz / Launitz von der V. F. / Vladimir Fedorovich b. 1855, d. 1906 (the family from Grobin - Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz b. 1796 - and Riga - Robert Eberhard Launitz b. 1806), Major-General in 1905, graduated from Page Corps school in St. Petersburg in 1873, the Russo-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878, vice- governor of Arkhangelsk, Tambov governor, December 1905 the chief of St. Petersburg administration, address - state apartment at 6 Admiralteysky Avenue;
his son Feodor Vladimirovitch von der Launitz b. 1899.
Father of above Maria: Alexander Troubetzkoy born 14 July 1813, d. 17 April 1889, General Major,
grandfather Vassily Troubetzkoy b. 1776 by wife Sophia Marianna von Weiss, b. 1795.
Above Vassily mother - Elena Nesvizky / Helena Nieswiz b. 1746 died 1831 and his father Serguei / Siergiej Troubetzkoy died 1782,
grandfather Alexey Trubecki born 1700 and grandmother Anna Naryshkine b. 1704;
great-grandfather Youri Troubetzkoy by wife Elena Tcherkasskaia / Tcherkassky (her children: Nikita b. 1699, above Alexey b. 1700, Ivan born 1703, and by second wife Olga Golovine - Dimitri born 1724).

We back to
Johann Jeremiah Friederichs m. Christina-Sophia Kruse (Krause or Kruss), b. 1755 in DORPAT, d. December 1825.
He had a son:
Evstafy Ivanovich Friederichs b. 1776, d. after 1834 + Josephine le Mercier (Friedrichs, Alexandrova, von Weiss) b. 1778.
His son Karl Evstafievich Friederichs.
Evstafy Ivanovich Friederichs b. in Revel, Russia / Estonia; in 1817, in city of Berdichev, the Police Chief; m. 2nd Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chervinskaya.

Ulyana (Josephine) Mikhailovna Aleksandrova, Mercier, Friederichs / Friderichs, Weiss (d. 1824), in 1807 divorced her husband and settled in the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, and in 1808 she had a son. Strelna - along the Peterhof road, 19 km from the center of St. Petersburg.
Josephine was a Frenchwoman of "unknown origin". Her son Pavel Konstantinovich Aleksandrov (1808-1857).
Aleksandrov Pavel Konstantinovich, the Adjutant General, the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich and Uliana Mikhailovna Alexandrova (Josephine Friedricks), was born on March 24, 1808. The Emperor Alexander I, gave the name of the child - Alexandrov. His mother, the Frenchwoman Josephine Friedricks (born Mercier) (1778 - April 5, 1824) came to Petersburg in 1805, was an actress. Her 1st husband was Colonel Alexander von Friedrichs, the personal aide-de-camp of the Emperor. Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich settled first in the Marble Palace, then in Strelna. In 1837, Aleksandrov was promoted to colonel, in 1846 - to the Major-General, in 1855 he was appointed Adjutant-General, and in 1856, he was promoted to Lieutenant-General.

Alexandrov (in 1833) m. Shcherbatova, princess Anna Alexandrovna.

We back to MERCIER:

Joseph Mercier and Anne Trintignant allegedly they had one daughter [there is no proof, but maybe the other daughter is just Josephine / Joseph WEISS. Josephine von Weiss (Le Mercier) (1778 in PARIS - 1824)],
Therese Mercier born on 12 August 1766. She married Eustache Bouvier, son of Francois Bouvier and Benoite Repelin, on 3 February 1789. She died in 1815. A son of Therese Mercier and Eustache Bouvier:
Michel Bouvier, b. 1792, d. 1874.

Joseph Mercier was born circa 1732 / 1740. He was the son of Melkior Mercier

[Melkior MERCIER b. 1683, married in 1709 Elisabeth JACQUET, ca 1685-1727, with Marie-Jeanne MERCIER 1710; Anne-Marie MERCIER 1712; Anne-Marie MERCIER 1713; Jean Henri MERCIER 1715; Nicolas MERCIER 1718-1784 + in 1758 Madeleine LIZIN; Marie Catherine MERCIER b. 1721; Jean Grégoire MERCIER born in 1723.
Melkior MERCIER m. 2nd in 1727 to Anne QUAREINE with:
Marie-Jeanne MERCIER b. 1729; Jean-François MERCIER 1731; and above JOSEPH?
MELKIOR was the son of Pierre MERCIER, ca 1641-1719 + Jeanne PAIROUX, ca 1641-1720, and grandson of Jean (Mathieu Mathy) MERCIER, ca 1620-1694 + Francoise SANSON, and great-grandson of Verlee MERCIER b. ca 1590].

JOSEPH married Anne Trintignant, daughter of Jean Trintignant and Therese Paulin. Jean Trintignant (ca 1700-1740). Paulin had the daughter Anne Trintignant + Joseph Mercier, with daughter Therese Mercier b. 1766, d. in Provencial, m. in Feb. 1789 to Eustache Bouvier (b. in 1758 in GRENOBLE - d. 1835; they come from SAVOY) with son
Michel Bouvier (1792-1874) m. Sarah Pearson.

Josephine von Weiss (Le Mercier) (1778 in PARIS - 1824) m. Gustav Johann Alexander von Weiss; she was ex-wife of August (Evstafij Ivanovich) Friedrichs. Josephine Mercier (Friderichs, Aleksandrova, Weiss) b. 1778 in PARIS, married August (Gustav) Frederichs in London in 1803 or 1804. Moved to Russia. Divorced August Frederichs in 1808. Married Alexander von Weiss in 1820. Died in Nice, France in 1824.

The Polish Republicans Society and The Free Poles Association [Zwiazek Lechitow] together with other underground organizations like the Union of Scytheman - and life, genealogy and history of Mycielski Erazm; Jakub Kiedrzynski; Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski; Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI; Pawel BARDZKI; Wincenty Józef PRADZYNSKI; Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski:

Mycielski Erazm (1769-1800), Colonel, activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and of The Polish Republicans Society.
He was the son of Aleksander MYCIELSKI and Konstancja Marianna Dahlke. He was born probably in Kamieniec Podolski.
Co-operated with Dzialynski in the autumn of 1793 in Grodno. Erazm was already in a plot of officers of the Warsaw garrison with Jan Henryk Dabrowski, against entering Prussian army. He was a member of the lodge 'Temple of Isis' and probably joined the underground in the autumn of 1793. Co-founder of the underground plot in 1794 and activist of the Kosciuszko Insurrection. In 1795 he managed the Great Poland underground club in Poznan. In 1796 Erazm Mycielski was associated with the Lviv Centralization. After the March arrests of 1794 and Erazm entered the new body of the reborn conspiracy, the so-called Civil and Military Council. Józef Wybicki, as well as Jan Kilinski, assessed very high the activity of Mycielski Erazm.

In the autumn 1794 Erazm moved to the PLESZEW county:
Wyszki - 17 km north-west to PLESZEW; 4 km north-west to KOTLIN; 11 km north to DOBRZYCA; 8 km north-west to ORPISZEWEK of Kiedrzynski !
And in
Magnuszewice - 4 km west to KOTLIN; 6 km north-west to Orpiszewek.

Ignacy Kiedrzynski
[b. ca 1730; acc. to my research IGNACY was the brother of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1720. Andrzej Kiedrzynski was the landowner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino ca 23 km west of Kalisz and 16 km south of Orpiszewko; married Franciszka Jackowska]:
in 1764 in Wielgomlyny;
Ignacy Kiedrzynski of Malowana Wola (5 km east of DMENIN; 9 km north-west of WOLKA BANKOWA; 5 km north of Kobiele Wielkie) married Zofia nee Zablocka 1 voto Swiecicka, widow.

Mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, was probably a cousin to MARCIN Kiedrzynski senior, b. ca 1700 [?]-1788.

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, son of named Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko / ORPISZEWEK in 1809 (Orpiszewko was owned by the Kiedrzynskis); with daughter Kunegunda born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki.

Jozef Madalinski was son of Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784 and Dorota Kiedrzynska Madalinska, b. 1740 or 1750 - d. 1784.

Lutynia in 1852,
Franciszka Izabela, daughter of Kurcewski Dezydery and Pelagia Kurcewska; witnesses: Teodor Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska, b. ca 1820?
Lutynia - close to Pleszew and Dobrzyca by the Lutynia river; half way from PLESZEW to JAROCIN. North-east of KROTOSZYN. Ca 1830 owner Józefina Bogdanska.
Józef Bogdanski aged 75, nobleman, was buried in Lutynia, at church in 1852, but he was died in Krotoszyn !

Named Józef Madalinski was the Captain in 1809, married to Julianna Bogdanska, 1 voto Kiedrzynska - she died in Orpiszew, in 1809 or in Orpiszewek [named above Lutynia close to Dobrzyca and Pleszew, and 2 km south-west to ORPISZEWEK !].

Kunegunda Madalinska born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784 [his 2nd wife], son of Zofia Tymienicki.
Inf. on 1st wife of named GRZEGORZ:
Jakub Hiacynt Madalinski b. 1775 [he was the brother of Józef Wawrzyniec Kajetan Madalinski b. 1774, Captain], m. Honorata Psarska daughter of Jan Kanty Psarski;
with children:
a) Anna b. 1797, m. in 1821 to Józef Julian Walewski son of Andrzej WALEWSKI and Antonina Czartkowska, owner of Wola Balucka; she m. 2nd to (??) Jan Kanty Psarski, owner of Wielgie,
b) Eliza 1800-29 [1st wife of Grzegorz], m. Grzegorz Chrzanowski
[his son ? - in 1864, Bobrowniki bought Julian Józef Chrzanowski ex-owner of Olszowa close to Kepno; then Walerian Chrzanowski (1834 -1891) - his son. Compare: in 1795 Nicolas CHOPIN was a home tutor to the children of Ewa Laczynska nee Zaborowska, widow of Maciej Laczynski, remarried with Józef Chrzanowski],
c) Pulcheria Anna Magdalena b. 1795 in Parcice,
d) Ludwik Józef Augustyn Madalinski b. ca 1803, d. 1854, landowner of Koscielec and Madalinow, m. in 1829 in Restarzew, to Pelagia Krystyna Józefa Wegierska b. ca 1810, daughter of Petronela nee Psarska;
with son
Stanislaw MADALINSKI, b. ca 1835, lived Iwanowice, m. in 1857 in Biala, to Felicja Malgorzata Sylwestra Szeliga Potocka, b. ca 1838 in Stypuly.

Mycielski Erazm alias ERASMUS (1769-1800) - after the fall of the uprising in 1794, Erazm found support in his father's Wyszki estate close to Pleszew, and in neighboring Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, with sister Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski. Erazm did not abandon underground work [the winter 1794/1795] and already in the early spring of 1795 he managed the Greater Poland organization, which developed among others relationship in Kalisz [see the Kiedrzynskis].
Erazm Mycielski was a supporter of the Deputation, he was under influence of Dionizy Mniewski, Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski and Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski, but he did not share their stand to Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Jan Henryk Dabrowski.
Erazm in the Great Poland was in contact with the military conspiracy of J. H. Dabrowski in Warsaw; he was at first one of DABROWSKI's courier.
On February 19, 1796, Erazm Mycielski went with Dabrowski from Warsaw to Berlin to discuss with French representatives, A. B. Caillard, and with P. Parandier, the project of establishing Polish military formations with the help of France.
In Berlin, Erazm also was the representative of the Central Assembly in Warsaw.
After the arrest of members in April 1796, Mycielski destroyed the papers; then he played a major role in the creation of a new secret organization - instructions were sent from Paris; a proclamation of General Franciszek Rymkiewicz was calling for the unification of patriotic efforts. Erazm Mycielski set up the secret congress in Warsaw in September / Oct. 1796.
He also contacted General Karol Kniaziewicz.
The Society was preparing in 1797-1799 an armed uprising in the country based on France; Erazm Mycielski visited the Great Poland, Kujawy, Leczyca, and Sieradz to expand the network of secret relationships, and organized an interviews. In February 1799 "he had more than two hundred people in the Great Poland".
He wrote about it to his friend Bardzki on 14 October 1799, that "... silence seem to dominate and that all hopes have gone up in smoke."
Erazm Mycielski died on February 28, 1800 in Kalisz.
Erazm left his wife Ludwika Bardzka [born ca 1760/1770], perhaps of Mieleszyn - Kobierzyck origin, whom he married after the dispensation of the archbishop.
The widow remarried to Hilary Radzik in KALISZ.

Erazm's Mycielski sister in Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski. After the divorce with Idzi Moskorzewski, named Ludwika married Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski.

Acc. to Nejman:
Wojciech Sulimierski owner in 1728 of Losieniec, married to Dorota Trzebnicka, with son:
Józef Sulimierski d. 1787, m. Antonina Przeradzka; with children:
1. Jan died 1809, 2. Salomea; 3. Agnieszka m. Jan Kossobudzki;
4. Ludwik Sulimierski born ca 1758, died ca 1826, owner of Stronsko, m. to Marianna Julianna Kempista, daughter of Maciej Kempista and Joanna Szeliska, with children:
a) Faustyna Sulimierska born ca 1799, Stronsko, m. Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki;
b) Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski of Wesola and Tyczyn, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska; with daughter Ewa Józefa born 1836 in Zielecice;
c) Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski married in 1829 to Petronela SZANIAWSKA - she was b. 1810 in Gromadzice, daughter of Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI b. ca 1764, owner of above Gromadzice, and Ochle, and Agnieszka Psarska [see below].

Above Jan Kanty Szaniawski (ca 1764 - 1839) had sons:
1. Józef Gabriel Szaniawski (born in 1805 in Gromadzice close to Wielun - d. 1879) married in 1841 to Aniela Zbijewska (b. 1816);
2. Jan Chryzostom Ignacy Szaniawski (born 1813, Gromadzice), owner of Chodaki in the Szadek county, and also owner of Kraszyn, and Zwiasty;
3. Ludwik Bartlomiej Szaniawski (b. 1816 in Gronów, the Sieradz county), owner of Kroczyce in the Lelów county and Malowana Wola (see above on Ignacy KIEDRZYNSKI)
and married in 1844 in Redziny to Aniela Rotkiewicz from Kroczyce (b. in 1824, Kroczyce - died 1860, Piotrków) daughter of Marianna Dobinska (Dabinska, Drabinska).

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek
[Jakub was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
Józef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko / ORPISZEWEK in 1809 (Orpiszewko was owned by the Kiedrzynskis); with daughter Kunegunda born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki.
Jozef Madalinski was son of Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784 and Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740 or 1750 - 1784.

Jakub Kiedrzynski was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798. His two wives: Brygida Bardzka [marriage in 1767; she was maybe born ca 1745]; and Julianna nee Bogdanska [ca 1788].

JAKUB'S brother was Kasper Kiedrzynski !

BAJKOWSKI / Baykowski, come from Bajki Stare:
Michal Bajkowski the owner of Czepy, official in Kalisz, married in 1785, Franciszka Kiedrzynska, daughter of Jakub Kiedrzynski official in Kalisz, and Brygida Bardzki, with children:
A. Józefa Bajkowska d. 1826, m. Stanislaw Uminski d. ca 1811, of Bronow, 2nd she was married in 1812, Leon Witalis Chmielewski, 1786-1840, son of Antoni and Eleonora Boryslawski, the owner of Zimotki;

B. Roch Józef Ludwik b. 1790, the owner of Fulki and Kalów, m. Józefata Kossobudzka, born in Fulki in 1791.

The BARDZKI / Bardski family and MIELESZYN:

A. Pawel BARDZKI married in 1732, Anna Skorzewska, daughter of Andrzej and Dorota Choinski, with children [and acc. to me - with daughter Brygida Bardzki m. Jakub Kiedrzynski]:
1. Franciszek BARDZKI b. 1732 in Mieleszyn;
2. Katarzyna Elzbieta Dorota b. 1735 in JAGNIEWICE / Igniewice, north-west to GNIEZNO, and married to Józef Dobrolecki;
3. Ignacy Jan BARDZKI b. in Mieleszyn;
4. Józef Jan Nepomucen BARDZKI born in 1738, the Royal official, m. Anna Pawlowska,
with children:
a) Aleksandra;
b) Ludwika Franciszka m. Tadeusz Krzyzanowski, 2nd she married Antoni Feliks Lewinski the owner of Paprotna;
c) Mateusz Bardzki - Colonel, b. ca 1783,
d) Marianna m. Ludwik Dembinski, owner of Liszkówka;

5. Andrzej BARDZKI b. ca 1743, Colonel [note about Erazm Mycielski], owner of Kobierzycko [at half way from Sieradz to BLASZKI], bought from hands of Antoni Siemiatkowski, m. Marianna Krzyzanowska, lived in Osmolin close to Zdunska Wola ?; children:
a) Michal Bardzki b. ca 1793, in Glinno [25 km north to SIERADZ, close to Warta],
b) Ludwika b. ca 1799, m. Józef Stanislawski,
c) Nepomucena m. Kalikst Byszewski,
d) Ignacy Wojciech Pawel BARDZKI, b. 1797 in Iwanowice, lived in Wróblew, the owner of Rojkow, m. in Stronsko, to Faustyna Sulimierska, b. in 1799 in Stronsko, the daughter of Ludwik Sulimierski and Marianna Kempista, with:
1. Romana Dobrochna Tekla b. 1835 jn Janowice near to Mikolajewice,
2. Kandyd Brunon Franciszek the Russian Army in 1863,
3. Kamila Seweryna Ignacja, 4. August Ludwik Bardzki, b. 1827 in Rojków close to Marzenin, 5. Anna Balbina.

We back again to
Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski.
He wrote letters to M. A. Horodyski in 1809-1815, and to GENERAL Franciszek Paszkowski in 1810 [a letter to Colonel Franciszek Paszkowski].
During the Kosciuszko insurrection, he was one of the Polish Jacobins (member of the Deputation to the Education Commission). Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski, 1764-1843 [married in Pawlowice, west to Leszno, close to PONIEC and OPOROWO; Smilowo and Rokosowo; TWORZANICE], the son of Antoni SZANIAWSKI and Konkordia Lipinska.
Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski in 1788, married in Pawlowice to Joanna Julianna BORZECKA [see KALINOWSKI and Wola Pszczolecka; Mielzynski - Billewicz - Merkel].

Named above Antoni Szaniawski married 1st to Konkordia Lipinska in the Mieleszyn parish; in named Mieleszyn in July 1776, Antoni Szaniawski married second to Joanna nee Szczepkowski, 1 voto Tymieniecka.

Parish of St Mary Magdalene in Mieleszyn - the Roman Catholic parish belonging to the Boleslawiec deanery of the diocese of Kalisz. Mieleszyn near to Wieruszow, is situated close to CHOBOT; 9 km south-east to Wieruszow; south to CHOBANIN; east to MROCZEN and OPATOW.
Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski's brother:
JAN SZANIAWSKI married Teresa BORZECKA in 1792, in the Pniewy parish; 1797 she was living in Czarnków parish.

Named Antoni Szaniawski b. ca 1730, was an official in Pomorze. His wife named Konkordia Lipinska.

Jan Kanty Szaniawski was born in 1764 or 1760, to Józef Tomasz Szaniawski and Zofia Podczaska. Józef was born in 1734, in Galewice. Jan Kanty Szaniawski, 1764 - 1835 / 1836 or died in 1839, married Agnieszka Psarski, born in 1780. They had son Teofil Kazimierz Szaniawski.
Jan Kanty Szaniawski (1764-1836) was the Attorney in Wielun.

Named Józef SZANIAWSKI was born on March 6, 1734, in Galewice. GALEWICE 18 km north-east-north to MIELESZYN ! Close to KASKI, CHOBANIN. See below.

Jan Kanty Szaniawski with Agnieszka PSARSKA had children:
Jan Chryzostom Szaniawski;
Ludwik Bartlomiej Szaniawski {born ca 1816 in Gronów, the Sieradz county, married Aniela Rotkiewicz, b. ca 1824 in Kroczyce, the Zawiercie County};
Teofil Kazimierz Szaniawski
and Józef Gabriel Szaniawski.

Jan Kanty Szaniawski was the half brother of Jakub Szaniawski.

Above Józef Szaniawski / Jozef Tomasz Szaniawski was born in 1734, in Galewice; he was the brother {?} of ANTONI SZANIAWSKI, b. ca 1730, who married close to WIERUSZOW - Mieleszyn, close to CHOBOT; 9 km south-east to Wieruszow. South to CHOBANIN; east to MROCZEN and OPATOW.
Died in 1792. JOZEF wa the son of Kazimierz Szaniawski and Marianna.

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - her second marriage ca 1825.
W. Maciej Sulimierski / Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski, the owner of the Wiesiolka village and the owner of ZIELENCICE, where he lived the future godfather of Filip SULIMIERSKI [December 22, 1843 / Jan. 1844], was pardoned in the Russian court after 1834 although he was arrested for the guerrilla.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty Józef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.

Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA; see below]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847.

Nepomucena Pradzynska married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski, ca 1810 to ca 1825, son of Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846, and Marianna Radziminska.
Nepomucena's children:
Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Mentioned above Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka Czaplicka [b. ca 1730].
Husband of Marcjanna Marianna;

father of Nepomucena Moszczenska Sulimierska;

Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski

[Free Poles Association / Free Lechytes - a secret patriotic organization in 1819-1823 in the Kingdom of Poland; founded in November 1819 in Warsaw by Tadeusz Krepowiecki, Wiktor Heltman and Ludwik Piatkiewicz; among the members were
Ignacy Pradzynski, Seweryn Goszczynski, Maurycy Mochnacki, Stanislaw Jachowicz, Józef Kozlowski and Ksawery Bronikowski - all about 40 members.
They fought on full unification of the Polish lands and the independence of the state; called for fight with the Russian invaders, prepare papers and readings. Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association. He was member of the Patriotic Society. When Alexander I went to the congress of the Holy Alliance to Opava (in early 1821 moved to Ljubljana), he to sign an agreement to intervene in the event of a revolution.
Arrived from Warsaw, Ignacy Pradzynski put forward the project of independence of the Great Poland's branch of the National Freemasonry.
They were renamed the Union of Scytheman, 1820-1826];

Wincenty Józef Pradzynski [see below on WOLA WIAZOWA]

and Sylwia Zuzanna Krasicka.

Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, was the brother of Józefina Gertruda Pradzynska; Melchior Jan Pradzynski; Antonina Joanna Malgorzata; and Ludwika Klara Róza Modliborska; inf. by Leszek Mila.

In WOLA WIAZOW Stanislaw Wincenty Pradzynski died in 1855; b. 1828;
he was the son of Wincenty Józef Pradzynski 1795-1858 and Salomea Mierzynska 1799-1877.
His grandparents:
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski [see above] 1761-1817, born in Pacholewo, bapt. in Bialezyn, d. in Poznan;
Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska 1770-1847;
Rafal Mierzynski 1775-1826;
Marianna Zagajewska.

Paszkowski and Mielzynski, Uminski, Madalinski, PRADZYNSKI, Plater - close to Wloclawek / Brzesc Kujawski / Radziejow [in later times LEOPOLD KRONENBERG]:

Sons of TOMASZ Paszkowski and REGINA:
Michal Paszkowski 1st and
Jan Paszkowski [born 1742; he was living in Mokrsko in 1742 - the father of General Franciszek Paszkowski and the grandfather of Maria Paszkowska ARMAND from Moscow - see Apolon Konstantynowicz].

Jan Paszkowski [1742-ca 1800] moved home to Ukraine [ca 1776 ?]. Maybe his brother [cousin ?] was Piotr Paszkowski b. ca 1733 married Elzbieta nee Nietyks, with son Paszkowski Michal 2nd (1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county. The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski manager to Dominik Radziwill; Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812. In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.

Michal Paszkowski 1st [b. ca 1725/1730] was an official in Malbork, moved in Volhynia, m. Monika Piotrowska of the Chelm area, daughter of Mikolaj and Katarzyna nee Plonski, Piotrowska, with a few children.

Józef PASZKOWSKI of Brzezie [b. ca 1765 ?], the son of Jan Paszkowski of the Cracow province [b. 1742], moved to the Great Poland and left son - inf. in 1788 - owner of landestate close to Sampolno, [compare MADALINSKI, UMINSKI, Bajkowska-Kiedrzynska] in Skotniki.

SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI

- 12/13 km north-west to Radziejow

[RADZIEJOW - Maciej Mielzynski was the district administrator of Radziejów in 1762; he was living 1733-1793; the son of Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski b. 1682 and Krystyna Skalawska; the father of Prokop Mielzynski];

20 km west to RUSZKI

[ROZALIA Teresa Marianna Katarzyna Uminska (1729-after 1784), the daughter of Andrzej Uminski and Apolinara Niemojewski; she was widowed in 1784; b. in Pieranie and married in 1743 to Michal Slubicki (ca 1710-before 1784), the Bydgoszcz official, with children: Apolinara Justyna Slubicka (b. 1743, in Sobiesiernie, the Pieranie parish - north-west-north to RADZIEJOW). Pieranie - 22 km north-west to RUSZKI and 26 km north-west to BADKOWO. Sobiesiernie - 1 km west to PIERANIE and 27 km north-west to BADKOWO. Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, born ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie - see the granddaughter of JAKUB Kiedrzynski ! - close to Badkowo. Ksawera Franciszek Uminska with son Adam Kasper Mieroslawski born 1785 in Ruszki near Krotoszyn the village, close to BADKOWO, Wieniec and Brzezie; died on November 16, 1837 in Bar-le-Duc];

21 km west-south-west to Koscielna Wies

[compare: the children of Kazimierz Uminski b. ca 1730, of Ruszki; he in 1746 bought Wysocin Wiekszy and Wysocinek; an official in Brzesc KUJAWSKI; m. Teresa Besiekierski d. 1798. And grandchildren of Laurenty (Wawrzyniec) Uminski, b. ca 1700, the owner of Ruszki, Krotoszyn, Pocierzyn, Wysocie / Wysocin. Pocierzyn 8 km west to BEDKOWO; west to BRZEZIE and west to Wloclawek; bef 1750 the estate also included Krotoszyn and Ruszki in the Koscielna Wies parish; the owners: ca 1750 - Kazimierz Uminski and Teresa Uminska. His descendant - Onufry Uminski, grandfather of Wladyslaw Uminski (1865 -1954), writer];

26 km west to BADKOWO

[Bedkowo - BADKOWO, 15 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski. JAN Madalinski was the grandfather of GENERAL Antoni Madalinski. Jan Madalinski b. 1665/1670; then in BADKOWO after a death of his wife Marjanna Klobski ca 1704; he became a priest in BADKOWO parish ca 1705. His daughter Franciszka + Józef Kicki, inf. 1754 about Franciszka and her brother - Józef. Great-grandfather of General Antoni Madalinski: Feliks Jan, MADALINSKI, b. 1630, married Katarzyna Porczynski b. ca 1650.

Osiecz Wielki is situated 10 km south-west of Chocen; 10 km north-west of CHODECZ; east of Izbica Kujawska; south of Wloclawek, BADKOWO and Brzesc Kujawski.
Osiecz Wielki - here was born Jacek Plater in 1932, son of Count and landowner. Jacek come from Wilhelm Ignacy Broel-Plater b. 1791 in Pinsk, d. 1854, the son of Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750. Józef Antoni Wilhelm Broel-Plater b. in SZADEK in 1750 was the son of PETRONELA NAGORSKA and Wilhelm Jan Plater, 1715 - d. 1769 in Vilnius, who was the son of Jan Plater and Elena Filipina OGINSKA b. ca 1694 in Mogilev by Dniepr river. Elena Filipina OGINSKA was the sister of Michal Antoni Oginski b. 1696 in Stakliškes - north-east of Alytus / Olita];

near Bodzanowo

[a village in the Radziejow county, near to Dobre; the royal village, which L. Mielzynski since 1616 has received in the pledge; in 1789 - Aleksander Modlinski. 1795 - gen. Henryk Rudolf Bischofswerder; the village is situated 11 /12 km west of BADKOWO - that is 14 / 15 km to above SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI];

37 km north-west to Brzesc Kujawski

[Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka Józef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847
[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

Nepomucena Pradzynska [1790-1858] married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski [1782-1855; his brother Jozef born 1785], ca 1810 - until ca 1825, son of
Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846

{Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski of Wesola and Tyczyn, was the second husband of mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska.

Acc. to Nejman: Wojciech Sulimierski, the owner in 1728 of Losieniec, married to Dorota Trzebnicka, with son:
Józef Sulimierski d. 1787, m. Antonina Przeradzka; with children:
1. Jan died 1809,
2. Salomea;
3. Agnieszka m. Jan Kossobudzki;
4. Ludwik Sulimierski born ca 1758, died ca 1826, owner of Stronsko, m. to Marianna Julianna Kempista, daughter of Maciej Kempista and Joanna Szeliska, with children:
a) Faustyna born ca 1799, Stronsko, m. Ignacy Wojciech Pawel Bardzki;
b) Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski of Wesola and Tyczyn, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska;
with daughter Ewa Józefa born 1836 in Zielecice;
c) Feliks Bonawentura Sulimierski married in 1829 to Petronela SZANIAWSKA - she was b. 1810 in Gromadzice,
the daughter of Jan Kanty SZANIAWSKI b. ca 1764,
the owner of above Gromadzice, and Ochle, and Agnieszka Psarska.

Wladyslaw Jan / Wladyslaw Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka [Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Maslowice, m. Wladyslaw Sulimierski owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka], was son of Marceli / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, and Zofia Szolowska / Joanna Szolochowska. Parents of above Marceli:
Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena Fundament-Krasicka. Father of above Jan:
Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska

[JÓZEF SULIMIERSKI was the owner of Lubiec, and Kuznica. Jozef's sibilings:
1. JAN m. Miniszewska,
2. FRANCISZEK - a branch of Stryje Paskowe (? Piaskowe), and
3. IGNACY SULIMIERSKI owner of Wola Pszczólecka (in 1781) married to Marianna Wyszlawska, daughter of Mikolaj and Elzbieta Wierzchleyska - with children:
A. Róza;
B. Józef Sulimierski owner of Lubiec, Stryjów;
C. Mateusz Tomasz SULIMIERSKI died 1842, owner of Wilamow (12 km north of Uniejow) and Wola Pszczolecka, married to Justyna Sulimierska, d. 1842, daughter of Jadwiga Jaroszewska; with children:
a) Marianna SULIMIERSKI m. in 1826, to Jan Prawdzic Gowaszewski,
b) Antoni SULIMIERSKI 1800-53, exiled to Siberia,
c) Wincenty SULIMIERSKI 1803-71, clerk in Wola Dzierlinska.
d) Walenty SULIMIERSKI 1809-47, found guilty of high treason, and with the brothers considered civilly deceased
(see Gabriel Kiedrzynski in Jan. 1833 or after)!
e) Faustyn SULIMIERSKI, major, died in Mchy in 1865, born in Kalisz in 1808, studied in Kalisz, an insurgent and the rebel in 1831, wounded in Ostroleka, emigrated, 1848 back to Krakow, then lived in Mchy in Ludwik Karsnicki's home].
Parents of above Jozef:
Michal Sulimierski [son of Marianna Stokowska + SULIMIERSKI Sebastian] died ca 1780, and unknown wife
[Michal who died in ca 1780, bought Lubiec with Kuznica near Lubiec, south-east of Wola Pszczolecka in 1745, and also bought Wola Pszczolecka, m. to Elzbieta Miniszewska, 2nd to Katarzyna Szczepanska - Swiatkowska].

Above Marceli Jan Gwalbert / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805 in Weglowice close to Wielun, son of Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena; d. 1874, judge, exiled to Siberie, m. in 1828 in Czestochowa, to Zofia Joanna Wczele Szolowska b. 1808}

{Ezechiel MOSZCZENSKI was the son of
Teodor Wojciech Moszczenski, 1714-1783 and Józefa Mieroslawska, 1740-1795 - her father was an official in INOWROCLAW; her brother Antoni Florian Stanislaw MIEROSLAWSKI was the official in Inowroclaw (1788), in Kruszwica (1765), 1743-1808 and ANTONI had son - Adam Kasper Mieroslawski b. 1785 in RUSZKI - 1837, and the grandson - Ludwik Adam Mieroslawski b. 1814, Nemours, d. in PARIS, Polish general, writer and poet, independence activist, a member of the Polish Democratic Society, the leader of two uprisings in Greater Poland in 1846.
Aleksander Moszczenski was an official in Brzesc Kujawski; at the end of the eighteenth century, Alexander Moszczenski (1759 - 1846), married Marianna, the daughter of the last governor of Gniezno, Józef Radziminski. Radziminski died in 1820; at the end of the 18th century, he was the owner of, among others, Srebrna Góra (then Srebrnogóra), and at the beginning of the 19th century he was the heir of Stepuchów, Brudzyn, Dziekczyno, Grzymultowice (today Gruntowice), Kozielsk, Mirkowice, Mirkowiczek, Modrzew, Petno (today Patnowo), Puzdrowce, Srebrna Góra and Werkowo. The son of Aleksander, was Wincenty Moszczenski (1790 - 1849), and grandson - Boleslaw Moszczenski (1826 - 1900), the son of Wincenty and Aniela Radonska; in 1848, Boleslaw took an active part in the Uprising - at the assault on the palace in Miloslaw, under the leadership of Józef Bonawentura Garczynski, and then during the expedition to Kcynia, under the leadership of Adolf Malczewski. After 1848, he fought for the equal rights of the Polish language},

and Marianna Radziminska.
Nepomucena's children: Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Michal MADALINSKI, m. 2nd (?) time to Katarzyna Rudzki, with children: Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski; and Franciszek, the priest in Kruszwica and in Brzesc Kujawski in 1724;
also the son Samuel,
Lukasz,
Walenty.

Samuel MADALINSKI in 1731 was the owner of CHOCEN. Samuel Madalinski died before 1738, left children with his wife Wiktorja Wierzbowski: Jakób and Eufrozyna + Jakób Krasnicki. Jakób Madalinski in 1748 was the owner of Cerekwia / CEREKIEW 8/9 km west to RADOM. But sold this property - he was living close to Brzesc Kujawski and KOWAL.

Above Lukasz Madalinski, official in KOWAL close to Wloclawek, in 1727, in 1748; bought a part of named above Cerekiew in 1748; his brother - Walenty - inf. 1767. Married Ewa Estka, with the daughter Teresa + Stanislaw Dambski in 1771, official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI. Teresa died after 1796. Lukasz's son - Zenon Bonawentura Madalinski.
Named above
Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN; m. Helena Umiastowski, with the son - Józef Madalinski, and daughter - Franciszka Krystyna, born in 1734 m. 1st to Piotr Skarbek; 2nd she married to Kasper Slawinski - official in KONIN in 1782.
Mentioned here
Józef Madalinski, official in Inowroclaw in 1770, and in Kowal in 1770; died in 1775; his aunt Skarbkowa / Skarbek, had a court case about Borzymowice and Laki Markowe in 1775 with the Parliament envoy; they took Swietoslawice in 1778.
Józef Madalinski married Teodora Polichnowska, with sons:
Ludwik Madalinski the son probably to the 1st wife Teodora Modlinski; and
Aleksy Antoni Madalinski, b. June 1762; and a daughters. In 1796 a court case vs Libiszowski;
in 1797 Ludwik and Aleksy Madalinski bought Kieszków, Cerekiew and Zatopolice, from General Antoni Madalinski.
Kieszek close to Radom.
Zatopolice west to CEREKIEW - both situated 12 and 8 km west to RADOM].

Borzymowice - 5 / 6 km south-west-west to CHOCEN; 19 km south to Brzesc Kujawski;

and Laki Markowe / Łąki Markowe - 3 km west to Borzymowice; 19 km south to Brzesc Kujawski.

Bobrowniki:

1640 - ca 1800 Bobrownik belonged to the Madalinskis:
Antoni Madalinski, b. 1525, m. Anna Galewska with 2 sons:
Sebastian b. ca 1545 (Sebastian Madalinski 1st, b. ca 1545 /1560 the General line) and ALEKSANDER [Jakub Karol Madalinski b. ca 1590 was the son of Aleksander and Anna Konopnicka] - the Bobrowniki line.
Named Sebastian b. ca 1545/1560 + Jadwiga Kobierzycki [her mother - Jadwiga Wiktorowska] had son
Jan Madalinski b. ca 1585, d. 1644, Catholic priest, in Kruszwica, Gniezno, Poznan and Wloclawek; royal secretary, abbot, bishop of Gniezno. He was the son of Sebastian Madalinski, 1545 / 1550 - 1617 and Jadwiga Kobierzycka. In 1611 he was a student at the University of Padua, then in Rome. After completing his studies, he was sent to Kruszwica.
Ca 1588, Sebastian Madalinski m. Jadwiga Kobierzycka.

The 2nd marriage of Antoni Madalinski b. ca 1520/1525 + Anna Wierusz-Galewska / Anna Galewska.
with son 1550-1617,
Aleksander,
and grandson JAN, 1575/1580-1644.

The brother of General Madalinski -
Feliks (b. 1741) bpt. in Brodnica near Srem. His sister Gabriela b. 1745 and brother Leon b. 1746 in Babin in the Bagrowo parish close to Sroda Wielkopolska.
Above Jan Madalinski b. ca 1575/1580-1644 sometimes had father Sebastian 1st born ca 1545/1560, and Jadwiga Kobierzycka. That is Jan Aleksander Madalinski, born ca 1575.

Aleksander, b. ca 1550 - d. 1617 [his parents: Antoni b. ca 1525 + GALEWSKA] the brother of Sebastjan, b. ca 1545/1560, m. Anna Konopnicki, Dambski,
with sons:
Jakób Karol b. ca 1573;
and Jan Aleksander b. ca 1575/1580 = JAN MADALINSKI.

We can state that the only high ranking officer of the Polish army from the Madalinski family, who came from Bobrowniki, was Captain Józef Kajetan Antoni Madalinski, born in 1784. His father was Kajetan Madalinski, the cousin of the owners of Bobrownik - Ignacy and Jan Madalinski. After the death of Kajetan Madalinski in 1784, the care of his children, among whom was 10-year-old Józef, was taken over by the uncle Jan Madalinski.

Gostyn and the note to Antoni Ludwik Józef Madalinski, 1739 - 1804:
Above Madalinski Antoni / Antoni Józef, son of above Gutowska, b. 1739, owner of Karniszew / Karniszewo until 1781, Kostrzyn east of Poznan in 1800, Piekary 1802, Zatopolice close to Radom, Przybyszew / Przybyszewo, Lubania and Porów; burned in Przybyszewo, but his heart in Lubania. Lubania close to Sadkowice, and close to Nowe Miasto - see Kiedrzynski! Przybyszew - east of Nowe Miasto by Pilica!
He was in 1778 - 1788 under protection of the Sulkowskis;
he was living in Baszkow - 6 km to the Silesien and then Prussian border - south-west of Krotoszyn, close to Zduny - north-west of Ostrzeszow. Baszków is situated ca 5 km west of Zduny, the Leszczynskis land, then in 1791 to Mielzynski.
Antoni Madalinski after capitulation in 1794, was jailed by the Prussians 1795 - 1797.

Michal MADALINSKI d. ca 1753, owner of Lututów, m. Teresa Pruszkowska d. 1755, had son Józef - the Poznan priest.
Bonawentura b. ca 1680/1690 and named Michal b. ca 1690/1700 were brothers?
Konstancja married ca 1700 to Bonawentura Madalinski.
Priest Stefan and Bonawentura was born ca 1690. Bonawentura Madalinski of Niedzielsko was born to Kazimierz MADALINSKI and Zofia Wypyska. Bonawentura in 1731 leave Szczukwin to Majewski. Bonawentura Madalinski + Konstancja Oraczewski, had daughter Anna + Ludwik Górski in 1762; and sons: Felicjan and Wojciech - both priests; and maybe son Józef, inf. in 1739.

Kazimierz Madalinski was born to Samuel Madalinski and Katarzyna Madalinska (born Milaszewska). Kazimierz married Zofia Madalinska (born Wypyska). They had one son Bonawentura Madalinski. Kazimierz died in 1731. Kazimierz, official in Nur, had 4 sons:
Wojciech Józef, priest in Poznan in 1710, d. 1739, owner of Losino Wypychy, close to Nur.

Above Kazimierz had oldest son MICHAL !
Michal m. Brygida Pilchowska, of Liw - inf. 1718. With son Stefan. Stefan in 1748-1749 and in 1754, in 1766 was the Nur official. MP in 1764.
1758 bought Mystkowskie - Stary Karlów from Mostowski.
STEFAN's son:
Franciszek, official in Nur in 1768, m. 1st to Anna Bogdanski until 1783, 2nd to Salomeja de Tylli.

Michal, m. 2nd (?) to Katarzyna Rudzki, with children:
Anna Konstancja + Antoni Turski;
Franciszek, the priest in Kruszwica and in Brzesc Kujawski in 1724;
Samuel MADALINSKI,
Lukasz,
Walenty MADALINSKI.

Samuel in 1731 was the owner of CHOCEN. Samuel Madalinski died before 1738, left children with his wife Wiktorja Wierzbowski:
Jakób and Eufrozyna + Jakób Krasnicki.
Jakób in 1748 was the owner of Cerekwia / CEREKIEW 8/9 km west to RADOM. But sold this property - he was living close to Brzesc Kujawski and KOWAL.

Lukasz Madalinski, official in KOWAL close to Wloclawek, in 1727, in 1748; bought a part of named above Cerekiew in 1748; his brother - Walenty - inf. 1767. Married Ewa Estka, with the daughter Teresa + Stanislaw Dambski in 1771, official in BRZESC KUJAWSKI. Teresa died after 1796.
Lukasz's son - Zenon Bonawentura Madalinski.

Walenty Madalinski, official in KOWAL in 1740, in Brzesc Kujawski in 1746; he bought Borzymowice in 1740 - 4 km west to CHOCEN;
m. Helena Umiastowski, with the son - Józef Madalinski, and daughter - Franciszka Krystyna, born in 1734 m. 1st to Piotr Skarbek; 2nd she married to Kasper Slawinski - official in KONIN in 1782.

Józef Madalinski, official in Inowroclaw in 1770, and in Kowal in 1770; died in 1775.
his aunt Skarbkowa / Skarbek, had a court case about Borzymowice and Laki Markowe in 1775 with the Parliament envoy; they took Swietoslawice in 1778.
Józef Madalinski married Teodora Polichnowska, with sons:
Ludwik Madalinski the son probably to the 1st wife Teodora Modlinski;
and Aleksy Antoni Madalinski, b. June 1762; and a daughters. In 1796 a court case vs Libiszowski; in 1797 Ludwik and Aleksy Madalinski bought Kieszków, Cerekiew and Zatopolice, from General Antoni Madalinski. Kieszek close to Radom. Zatopolice west to CEREKIEW - both situated 12 and 8 km west to RADOM.

Named Ludwik, official in Wloclawek - Kujawy; a court case in Brzesc Kujawski in 1780; Ludwik official with a title of Parnawa; in 1790 a court case with Tepper in Warsaw.

Marianna Barbara Stokowska, born Madalinska in 1719, to Michal Madalinski and Teresa Madalinska born Pruszkowska. Michal was born ca 1690. She had brother Józef Madalinski. Marianna married Franciszek Stokowski in 1740. They had son Wawrzyniec Stokowski.
Michal MADALINSKI d. ca 1753, owner of Lututów, m. Teresa Pruszkowska d. 1755, had son Józef. Michal Madalinski of Niedzielsko, officer in Ostrzeszów, 1690/1700-1753 m. Teresa Pruszkowska 1690-1755 also with son
Ludwik Ignacy Madalinski officer 1792-1793 in Inowroclaw, b. 1724; Ludwik Madalinski inf. in Kowal 1785-1789, in Ostrzeszow 1772-1785, and 1769-1772, 1765-1769, Wielun - 1764, MP in 1790,
with sons:
1. Józef b. ca 1750 m. Marianna Kamocka 1765-1812 with
Piotr Filip Jakub Madalinski 1787-1852 m. Anna Komornicka b. 1793, with children:
Karolina Albina Ludwika Madalinska b. 1815,
Lucja Krystyna Konstancja Madalinska b. 1817;

2. Kajetan Madalinski b. 1760.

Tymieniecki and Gatkiewicz in Wola Pszczolecka:

Tymieniecka Tekla nee Kobiecki in Lobudzice - inf. 1825; Tekla born ca 1812, m. Antoni Tymieniecki, who lived in the village of Wola Pszczólecka. LOBUDZICE - ca 3 km south-east to ZELOW [see Wollowicz].
We know on TEKLA SOKOLNICKA married TYMIENIECKA.

But please compare the following data:

GATKIEWICZ / Gadkiewicz Alojzy Paulin b. ca 1804, d. 1852 in Wola Pszczólecka, owner of Jaworow, 1st m. Franciszka Chlapowska d. 1836, daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski and Tekla Sokolnicka [Ludwik Chlapowski 1768-1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka 1776-1848],
m. 2nd to Faustyna Lykowska;
with son Tomasz GATKIEWICZ 1828 - 1894 in Srem, married in Wola Pszczólecka to Anna Sokolnicka.
A sister of above FRANCISZKA nee CHLAPOWSKA was Józefa, 1798 - died 1875, daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski and Tekla Chlapowska; Franciszka was the wife of Józef Telesfor Melchior Sokolnicki.

Above Faustyna Lykowska 1st married Porczynska, widow, bought in 1834 Wola Pszczolecka.

The LYKOWSKI family was owned Przecznia / Przecznie in the Wygielzów parish [18 km south to Lask] that is in 1789 to Wincenty Lykowski, official in Chelmno; in 1831 PRZECZNIA owned by Antoni Porczynski b. ca 1775 - d. after 1832, married to above Faustyna Lykowska b. ca 1780, the daughter of - ? - Wincenty Lykowski b. ca 1750,
with son August Józef Ludwik Porczynski b. ca 1810, the owner of named Przecznie, m. 1836 in Radomsko to Wiktoria Konstancja Katarzyna Biedrzycka b. in 1814 in Strzalków, daughter of Ksawery Jan Chrzciciel Biedrzycki who was the son of Dominik and Antonina nee Rzeszotarska.

PRZECZNIA in 1846 to hands of Karczewski / Watta - Karczewski.

Albin Grochowalski bought Wola Pszczolecka in 1844, from Faustyna nee Lykowska, married 1st to Porczynski, 2nd to Getkiewicz / GATKIEWICZ [Gatkiewicz was married twice].
Alojzy Gatkiewicz sold Wola Pszczolecka in February 1844 to Albin Grochowalski; but Grochowalski not fulfilled the conditions of sale. The estate has become the property of the named Alojzy Gatkiewicz.

Mentioned Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz b. ca 1800/ca 1804, died in 1852 in Wola Pszczolecka, owner of JAWOROW, was the son of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz 1766-1837 and Karolina Korytowska b. 1760 - d. 1850 in KWASKOWO, close to BLASZKI. Alojzy's first marriage in 1827, in Sosnica, in the Krotoszyn county [9 km south-west to PLESZEW. SOSNICA'S owners: Rogalinski in 1745; in 1793 to CHLAPOWSKI; then Ildefons Chelkowski ca 1885], to Franciszka Chlapowska {her grandparents: Karol Chlapowski official at the Royal Court, 1733-1783, and Krystyna Zbijewska 1730-1771} b. 1800-1836, daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski 1768-1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka 1776-1848.

Alojzy's daughter: Klementyna Karolina Tekla GATKIEWICZ + Cezary Wawrzyniec Ignacy Gatkiewicz, marriage in 1851, Wygielzów [near to Wola Pszczolecka], with son Alojzy Wincenty Józef Gatkiewicz b. 1850 + Józefa Bialecka.

GATKIEWICZ / Gadkiewicz Alojzy Paulin 2nd time married to Faustyna Lykowska, with son Tomasz GATKIEWICZ, b. 1828 - died in 1894 in Srem, married in Wola Pszczólecka to Anna Sokolnicka. That is
Marianna Antonina Gatkiewicz born Sokolnicka, 1831 - 1909, was the daughter of Józef Telesfor Melchior Sokolnicki [born on January 5, 1786, in Gogolewo, 8 km south-east to Krobia, and 16 km south-east to ROKOSOWO] and Józefa Chlapowska, b. 1798.
Marianna Antonina Gatkiewicz born Sokolnicka had sister Kazimiera Sokolnicki. Marianna married Tomasz Gatkiewicz b. ca 1828, in 1855, with daughter Anna Gatkiewicz.

Note to the KORYTOWSKI and BLASZKI:

Józef Pomian Lubienski's parents:
Napoleon Lubienski b. 1806 in Chojno, close to BLASZKI, m. Józefa Rozdojczer b. 1807 in Kalisz. Grandfather: Józef Lubienski b. 1777 in Chojno, died in 1845.
Great-grandparents: Piotr Lubienski 1741-1794 and Anna Józefa Korytowska 1740-1782.

We back to TYMIENIECKI:

MARIANNA Tekla Tymieniecka (ca 1823 - after 1845), born in Belen in the Sieradz province, m. in 1845 in Kalisz to Antoni Józef Ruszkowski son of Karolina Bielski. BELEN - south-west to Zdunska Wola, and north-west to Widawa, close to Zapolice.

Antoni Józef Ruszkowski b. 1819 - Sieradz, d. 1875 - Kalisz; inf. in Zychlin, south-east to Gostynin; the owner of Zieleniew, in the Leczyca county.
His children:
Kamila Teofila RUSZKOWSKA b. 1839; Helena RUSZKOWSKA, 1847 - 1887. His granddaughter Zofia PIENIAZEK, 1880 / 1881 in KALISZ - 1961, great-grandchildren: Tadeusz SKAPSKI 1902 - 1963 and Elzbieta SKAPSKA 1905 - 1993 [born on August 13th, 1905, in Lososina Dolna] married to Jan Roman [copyright by Andrzej Lech in 1999].
Great-great-grandson Marek ROMAN 1931 - 2003 [Marek Franciszek Roman has son Jacek Roman b. 1968].

Lososina Dolna - south-west to TARNOW.
Jan Skapski had two older half brothers Franciszek and Zygmunt SKAPSKI, insurgents of the 1863 January Uprising. Their father, Antoni, was opposed, because his own experience already in mid-1845; he was a conspirator; Antoni Skapski in January 1846, was elected commandant of the Uprising planned in south ex-Poland. It did not result in any further action, but caused to be arrested on 23 February 1846, to prison in Lviv. Jan Skapski (1873-1950) at the beginning of the twentieth century was the tenant of Lososina Dolna and Brzezno, the chairman of the district agricultural circles, after the 1920s he settled in Pomerania.

Named above
Elzbieta Roman born Skapska, was the daughter of Jan Antoni Skapski [born in 1873, in Jazowsko] and Zofia Odrowaz - Pieniazek. Elzbieta married Jan Roman b. on November 20th, 1902, in Grzebsk, 18 km north-west to Krzynowloga Mala; north-east to MLAWA; close to Brzozowo [see ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI].
Jan Roman, 1902 - 1975, had 2 children: Marek Franciszek Roman.
Jan Roman died in Warsaw, was an architect, graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology, ca 1927. Buried at the Northern Cemetery in Warsaw. We don't know who was the father of above JAN b. 1902 with the Slepowron coat of arms - maybe Leon Wlodzimierz Roman b. ca 1865, d. 1936 in WARSAW, who was married in 1893 in Warsaw, to Janina Wladyslawa Malwina Pelka, 1870- 1923.

The Roman family from the Przasnysz county and the neighboring surrounding area:

above Krzynowloga; Janowiec Koscielny in south Prussia; Szemplino Czarne - close to Janowo - west of Chorzele, in south Prussia; others places: Lysaków Drugi [+ Dolega - Zakrzewski family]; from the Lysakowo parish [Mierzanow, Klice, Lekowo, Lysakowo - 20 km west of PRZASNYSZ - in 1868]; Zmijewo-Kuce, 18 km south-east of MLAWA, and west of PRZASNYSZ; in the Zmijewo Koscielne parish [+ Olszewski and Kolakowski]. At the beginning the Roman family had owned an estates north and south of Przasnysz.

Pawel Czaplicki, b. in Czaplice-Baki ca 1742, d. in 1826, m. Barbara Mlodzianowska with son Franciszek, b. in Czaplice-Baki in 1788, d. in Krzynowloga Mala in 1859, m. in Krzynowloga Mala in 1826 to Zofia Orlowska (daughter of Waclaw Orlowski and Zofia), b. 1806, d. in Krzynowloga Mala in 1863, m. 2nd to Maryanna Charszewska, with daughter Antonina, b. in Obrab in 1831, m. Krzynowloga Mala in 1857 to Tadeusz Karol Lelewel (Lollhoffel von Loewensprung) son of Prot Lelewel and Jozefa Slaska, b. in Warsaw in 1824. Tadeusz' father's brother was Joachim Lelewel, the famous historian. Prot was a Napolean officer, a member of the Polish Parliament, and inheritor of Wola Cygowska near Warsaw. Tadeusz was the grandson of Karol Maurycy LELEWEL, lawyer, captain of the Polish Army, 1768 he was a Polish citizen.

Leonia ROMAN BRZEZINSKI, born 1896, died in 1985; she was married to Tadeusz Brzezinski.
LEONIA BRZEZINSKI, the mother of Zbigniew Brzezinski, was the next of kin to Andrzej Roman, well-known journalist in Warsaw; Andrzej was the son of Tadeusz ROMAN - the brother of Leonia nee ROMAN.
Leonia Brzezinska 1st married Zylinska, was the daughter of Leon Roman with the coat of arms Slepowron. She had brother TADEUSZ ROMAN b. 1894 - d. 1977 + Maria Zaborska b. 1891.
Named above Leon Wlodzimierz Roman b. ca 1865, d. 1936 in WARSAW. His parents:
Antoni Dominik Roman b. 1830 and Leontyna Orlowska born in 1843.
Parents of above LEONTYNA:
Anastazy Wiktor Orlowski, 1805-1868 and Olimpia Józefa Chosciak-Popiel b. 1815 [Olimpia Popiel].
Leon Wlodzimierz Roman b. ca 1865, d. 1936 in WARSAW, married in 1893 in Warsaw, to Janina Wladyslawa Malwina Pelka, 1870-1923.
Named above Leon Wlodzimierz Roman b. ca 1865, was the son of Antoni Dominik Roman b. 1830 [the son of Franciszek Roman born in 1788 or b. ca 1790, and Magdalena Kobylinska b. ca 1800] and Leontyna Orlowska born in 1843 [a marriage in POSTOLISKA in 1862; 4 km north- east of TLUSZCZ].
Magdalena Kobylinska / KOBYLENSKA b. ca 1800, married Franciszek ROMAN of Ulatowo-Slabogóra, with children born in the Chorzele Parish, 34 km north of PRZASNYSZ:
1. in 1825, in Slabogora was born Piotr Grzegorz Roman son of Franciszek and Magdalena Kobylenska / Kobylinska aged 24. Named Ulatowo-Slabogóra, is sistuated 24 km north-east of Przasnysz, close to ROMANY-SEBORY [see the history of the Kiedrzynski - Rogaczewski and Konstantynowicz family: Leszno close to Przasnysz, 4 km south; and Radziejow-Wloclawek area - compare Kronenberg, Lanckoronski and BARTHEL].
2. 1826, in above Slabogora, Jozef Jakub Roman son of named Franciszek and Magdalena Kobylenska.
3. 1827, Slabogora, here was born Andrzej Szymon Roman;
4. 1829, Slabogora, Antoni Dominik Roman son of Franciszek and Magdalena Kobylenska.
GRZEBSK - ca 27 km west to CHORZELE.
Saturnin Roman emigrated from the parish of Chorzele, Poland to New Britain, CT, USA in 1904.

Rogowo - 10 km east of Przasnysz, here Marcin ROMAN, b. ca 1700, d. after 1761, resided in Ulatowo Pogorzel, close to Chorzele, married in Przasnysz in 1721 to Ewa Kobylinska (daughter of Kilian Kobylinski of Kobylaki Konopki), m. 2nd to Agnieszka Krepska (daughter of Kazimierz Krepski of Rogowo), died in Pogorzel in 1776. Sister of above MARCIN ROMAN - Konstancya, m. in 1729 to Pawel Gadomski, with son Michal Gadomski who married in the Chorzele parish in 1750 to Marcianna Bagienska.

MATEUSZ ROMAN, inheritor of Ulatowo Pogorzel, b. 1731, d. Pogorzel, 1792, m. in Chorzele in 1756 to EWA LOJEWSKA, b. ca 1732, d. in Pogorzel in 1799. His son:
Pawel ROMAN, b. 1777, d. before 1808, m. 1796 to Maryanna Dabrowska, she m. 2nd in 1808, Jakub Roman, with daughter Maryanna, b. Pogorzel in 1798, d. 1841, m. in Przasnysz in 1814 to Jakub Kobylinski (son of Franciszek Kobylinski and Franciszka Chodkowska), b. ca 1790.

JAKUB ROMAN, b. ca 1785, d. in Ulatowo Pogorzel, 1831, m. AGNIESZKA CHODKOWSKA, with children (all born in Pogorzel): Antoni, b. 1810, m (2) Tekla Kobylinska, b. 1819, d. Pogorzel; Jan Alexander ROMAN, b. 1828, m (1) in Chorzele in 1847 to Domicella Kobylinska daughter of Jan Kobylinski.

The GATKIEWICZ family and Rokossowski in the PAKOSLAW - KROTOSZYN region:

Pepowo in the Gostyn county, 16 km south-east of Gostyn, at half way from Gostyn to Krotoszyn, and east of Rokosowo!
In 1775 Zofja Rokossowska, wife of Klemens Karsznicki with her son Waclaw-Michal Karsznicki, together with Tomasz Rokossowski the purpose of considering matters of inheritance after death of Marianna Rokossowska 1 voto Bogurska, 2nd voto Korytowska; the estate was in Czeluscin close to PEPOWO, west of Krotoszyn [see Mielzynski and Merkel].
In 1772, Jakub Rokossowski, priest, son of the widow of the deceased Karol Rokossowski; mother nee Grodzicka, was owner of Szczytniki; grandmother was nee Rokossowska wife of Dankowski.

KAROLINA Gatkiewicz nee Korytowska was the daughter of Piotr Korytowski who died before 1783, and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska;
Karolina was born in Pakoslaw {south of above Pepowo, 14 west of RAWICZ, south-west of KROTOSZYN, see Mielzynski and Sulkowski}, d. 1800 [Piotr m. also to Weronika Tekla Bartoszewska 1730 - 1756; above Ewa was married also to Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski d. 1756].

ROKOSOWO is situated south-west of GOSTYN.

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz b. 1800 - d. 1852 in Wola Pszczólecka, was son of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz [Tomasz was son of officer of Dyneburg who was b. before 1750, + mother who died in Kwaskow in 1824 and Tomasz was brother of Wiktoria Gatkiewicz b. after 1765-1838] 1766-1837 + Karolina Korytowska b. 1760 - died in 1850 in Kwaskow / Kwaskowo - ca 4 km east of Blaszki
[Wrzaca south of BLASZKI and above Kwaskowo were in the same estate].

Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz was married in 1827, in Sosnica to Franciszka Chlapowska 1800-1836, daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski 1768- 1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka 1776-1848,
with daughter Klementyna Karolina Tekla GATKIEWICZ, b. ca 1820, m. Cezary Wawrzyniec Ignacy Gatkiewicz b. ca 1820, with son Alojzy Wincenty Józef Gatkiewicz b. ca 1850 + Józefa Bialecka.

Above Sosnica - 7 km west of Dobrzyca, south-west of Pleszew, north-east of Krotoszyn [see Merkel, Bilewicz, Mielzynski]. Sosnica was the estate of Michal Chlapowski.

We know on TEKLA SOKOLNICKA married TYMIENIECKA.

Above Karolina Gatkiewicz Korytowska died 1850, was daughter of Piotr Korytowski and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska [Ewa come from Karol Rokossowski and Marianna Grodzicka ca 1720 - died 1780 - see below more on the ROKOSSOWSKIS].

Karolina b. after 1760 was wife of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz b. 1766 and mother of Honorata Murzynowska and Tekla Agnieszka Zakrzewska; and above Alojzy b. ca 1800. Karolina was half sister of Aurelia; Karolina; Walenty Korytowski [wife Kuczborska] and Mikolaj Nepomucen Korytowski died 1775 [Mikolaj + Ludwika Goczalkowska b. 1721 with daughter Marianna Pagowska b. 1750 - d. 1799 or after 1801 {Marianna m. in 1775 to Seweryn Pagowski of Kalisz, 1744-1814, with daughter Elzbieta Pagowska 1777-1819 + Stanislaw Krzyzanowski}; + 2nd unknown Rokossowska].

The Konarzewski family had Pepowo to 18th cent., then Weronika Konarzewska married Maciej Mycielski and she brought him as her dowry named Pepowo; with Chocieszewice, in 1846 - Teodor Mycielski. 1830, Józefa Mycielski in Rokosowo. ROKOSOWO is situated south- west of GOSTYN.

Above Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska's family:
came from Wojciech Rokossowski b. ca 1665, died 1716 who was maybe brother of Jakub b. ca 1670, and wife of above Wojciech - Katarzyna Milinska d. 1732,
with children:
Jadwiga Rokossowska; Joanna Rokossowska, Teresa died 1750, Karol Rokossowski d. 1776, Zofia; Stanislaw; Franciszek Rokossowski.

Above named KAROL Rokossowski, d. 1776 with wife Marianna Grodzicka who died in 1780, had son Tomasz Konstanty Rokossowski 1721 - 1783;
next sons: Józef Rokossowski, Wojciech Sebastian; Antoni Fabian Rokossowski; Ignacy Maurycy; Adam Stanislaw Rokossowski; and above mentioned daughter
Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska - see Wola Pszczolecka - who died 1800 (KAROLINA Gatkiewicz was daughter of Piotr Korytowski d. 1783, and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska, married Walknowska, born in Pakoslaw south of Pepowo, 14 west of RAWICZ, south-west of KROTOSZYN);
next daughter Kunegunda Rokossowska.

Kiedrzynski, Jakub, died on 4 February 1798. His wife Brygida Bardzka - marriage in 1767, died in 1786
[her 1st husband Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski
with children: Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski junior, b. 1769; and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska.
OWIDIUSZ'S brother - Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski, senior, b. ca 1710, official in Kalisz, died in 1778 or in 1783 {Franciszek's sons: Antoni Wierusz-Walknowski m. Urszula Mielzynska; Józef Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1754}. Inf. about named Franciszek: in 1769, Józef Wierusz Walknowski, son of Franciszek, official in Kalisz, a court case of Bieczyny - close to Koscian and 7km north to Czempin.
BIECZYNY - with Srocko Wielkie, belonged to Kwilecki in 1846].
They had 2 daughters:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska b. in 1770; Petronela Kiedrzynska.
His brother was Kasper Kiedrzynski;
Named BRYGIDA'S parents: Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, and Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792, daughter of Helena Biernacka and Adam Jan Kozminski b. 1664 in
SZYPLOW in the Nowe Miasto parish - 13 km north-west to JAROCIN.

Compare:
1. inf. in Kalisz on Kiedrzynski Jan, in 1772, 1774.
2. In Kalisz on Bogdanski Marcin, in 1772, 1778 vs. Switonski; Marcin was the son of Walenty Bogdanski and Ewa Stawiska; the leaseholder of Plewnia in 1764-67, the owner of Strzegowa in 1767, tenant of Ociaz in 1774-75, owner of Lutynia in 1774-77, Ociaz in 1784, landowner of Wszolowo, Jankowo and Ordzino in 1784 and in 1788; married in 1764 to Marianna Kiedrzynska.
3. Kiedrzynski Kasper, inf. in KALISZ in 1781.

KWASKOW / Kwaskowo - close to BLASZKI + Sosnica close to PLESZEW:

Albin Grochowalski bought Wola Pszczolecka in 1844, from Faustyna nee Lykowska, married 1st to Porczynski, 2nd to Getkiewicz / GATKIEWICZ [Gatkiewicz was married twice].
Alojzy Gatkiewicz sold Wola Pszczolecka in February 1844 to Albin Grochowalski; but Grochowalski not fulfilled the conditions of sale. The estate has become the property of the named Alojzy Gatkiewicz.
Mentioned Alojzy Paulin Gatkiewicz b. ca 1800/ca 1804, died in 1852 in Wola Pszczolecka, owner of JAWOROW, was the son of Tomasz Ignacy Gatkiewicz 1766-1837 and Karolina Korytowska b. 1760 - d. 1850 in KWASKOWO, close to BLASZKI.
Alojzy's first marriage in 1827,
in Sosnica, in the Krotoszyn county [9 km south-west to PLESZEW. SOSNICA'S owners: Rogalinski in 1745; in 1793 to CHLAPOWSKI; then Ildefons Chelkowski ca 1885],
to Franciszka Chlapowska {her grandparents: Karol Chlapowski official at the Royal Court, 1733-1783, and Krystyna Zbijewska 1730-1771} b. 1800-1836, daughter of Ludwik Chlapowski 1768-1831 and Tekla Sokolnicka 1776-1848.
Alojzy's daughter: Klementyna Karolina Tekla GATKIEWICZ + Cezary Wawrzyniec Ignacy Gatkiewicz, marriage in 1851, in Wygielzów [near to Wola Pszczolecka],
with son Alojzy Wincenty Józef Gatkiewicz b. 1850 + Józefa Bialecka.

GATKIEWICZ / Gadkiewicz Alojzy Paulin 2nd time married to Faustyna Lykowska, with son Tomasz GATKIEWICZ, b. 1828 - died in 1894 in Srem, married in Wola Pszczólecka to Anna Sokolnicka / Marianna Antonina Sokolnicka.
That is Marianna Antonina Gatkiewicz born Sokolnicka, 1831 - 1909, was the daughter of Józef Telesfor Melchior Sokolnicki
[born on January 5, 1786, in Gogolewo, 8 km south-east to Krobia, and 16 km south-east to ROKOSOWO; died in Ciazen - at half way from Wrzesnia to Konin. He was the son of Piotr Prokop Sokolnicki b. 1762 in Gogolewo, and Maria Nepomucena SUCHORZEWSKI - next of kin to KURCEWSKI; grandson of Jan Nepomucen Sokolnicki b. 1718 and Otto - Trampczynska; great-grandson of Piotr Antoni Sokolnicki b. 1683 who was the son of Gabriel Sokolnicki b. 1626]
and Józefa Chlapowska, b. 1798.
Marianna Antonina Gatkiewicz born Sokolnicka had sister Kazimiera Sokolnicki. Marianna married Tomasz Gatkiewicz b. ca 1828, in 1855, with daughter Anna Gatkiewicz.

Note to the KORYTOWSKI and BLASZKI:

Józef Pomian Lubienski's parents:
Napoleon Lubienski b. 1806 in Chojno, close to BLASZKI, m. Józefa Rozdojczer b. 1807 in Kalisz. Grandfather: Józef Lubienski b. 1777 in Chojno, died in 1845. Great-grandparents: Piotr Lubienski 1741-1794 and Anna Józefa Korytowska 1740-1782.

MILEJOW close to Kaweczyn and Turek

- Sulimowski in the 17th cent.; 1628 - Waclaw of Sienno - north to Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski;
in 1679 Samuel Mycielski bought Milejow, he was the son of Adrian Mycielski official in Sieradz; before 1679 owned by Anna Zaleska {+ Grzymiszew and Rzymsk close to Dobra} widowed after death of Lukasz Mycielski;
next to Jan Kwiatkowski, and his son Tomasz in 1681.
In 1689 Milejów bought Stanislaw Mikolajewski + in 1690 Tokary and Gozdowo / Gozdów close to Zdzary and Kaweczyn. Katarzyna Mikolajewska in 1700 sold her estate, but without Milejow and Tokary.
Fabian Sokolowski official in Ciechanow, owned Milejów, but he and Andrzej Modlibowski, of Kalisz, in 1705 pledge Milejów.
In 1751 Franciszek MODLIBOWSKI and his wife Marianna Modlibowska, sold Milejow to hands of Franciszek Kilinski of TCZEW.
In 1751, Piotr Niwski, son of Michal NIWSKI and Marianna born Kwiatkowska, co-owners of Milejów, sold it to Mateusz Kawiecki, official in Sieradz, son of Piotr Kawiecki and Marianna born Potocka.
1787, Antoni Kawecki / KAWIECKI owner of Milejow, sold it to Piotr Konopnicki.
PIOTR Konopnicki owned Dobra.
His son Maciej Konopnicki in 1791 was a member of the civil-military commission of the Kalisz Province, by the 3-May Constitution. He was elected one of the judges of Kalisz. Maciej Konopnicki (in the rank of colonel) fought in the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794, under Jan Sieroszewski, head of the uprising in Kalisz. He was killed on August 20, 1794, at the battle of Stawiszyn. Prussian authorities confiscating his estate, also Milejów.
Milejów took again Ignacy Konopnicki, brother of Maciej. Ignacy was fighting in Italy under Napoleon.
In Milejow was living Wawrzyniec Konopnicki, b. 1802, to Ignacy and Tekla nee Potocka. Wawrzyniec fought in 1830.
Maria Konopnicka had the same roots.

Kaweczyn close to Turek:

1553, Kaweczyn was owned by Jan Mycielski;
then Samuel Maczynski, and his son Wladyslaw d. ca 1693 + owner of Kleczew; his wife 1st: Konstancja Lubienska; 2nd to Jadwiga, in 1668 she took Kaweczyno (Kaweczyn), Dzierzbotki and Ciemino (Ciemien).
Jadwiga MACZYNSKA in 1714 sold it to a husband of her daughter Maryjanna - Chryzostom Siemiatkowski.
Then named Kaweczyn, Ciemien, Dzierzbotki took his son Karol Siemiatkowski. 1784 his daughters: Wiktoria, Barbara and Rozalia. Kaweczyn and half of Dzierzbotki ca 1750 owned by Józef Bartochowski. His wife Kunegunda nee Grabski, in 1769 sold it to Stanislaw Klossowski. Next owners: Domanski, Kozuchowski, Suchorski.

DOBRA:

Son of Ignacy KONOPNICKI and Tekla nee Potocki {she was born in 1762 in Horbulow - 1807, daughter of Colonel Maksymilian Potocki and Katarzyna Letowska} - Wawrzyniec Konopnicki was born in 1803 in KRZEWAT / Krzewata in the Klodawa parish, lived in Milejow - close to RZYMSKO, GLUCHOW, Zdzary, Bedziechow and KAWECZYN.
He took Bronów; m. in 1829 to Katarzyna Pagowska, daughter of Kacper and Agnieszka Chrzaszczewska, owners of Dobra and Piekary close to Bronow and Milejow.
Wawrzyniec in 1831 moved to Galicja, but in March / May 1832 back to the Kingdom of Poland; he was living in Bronow.
In 1836, Wawrzyniec KONOPNICKI with wife and Magdalena widow after death of Józef Konopnicki, with sons Jaroslaw and Stanislaw, moved to MYSLNIOW / Mysliniew close to Ostrzeszow; in Myslniow was living half-siblings of Wawrzyniec

{Wawrzyniec KONOPNICKI died ca 1872. Tekla POTOCKA married 1st in 1778 to Franciszek Byszewski, Major

[Byszewski come from Komorze Przybyslawski and ZERKOW close to Jarocin 15 km to north; Franciszek was the son of Szymon Byszewski and Agnieszka Pomorska. Francisze Byszewski owned Tarchalin - inf. in 1786.
His next of kin were: Józef Byszewski or Byszawski; Marcianna born Letkowski, 1st married to Józef Dabrowski of Zakroczym, 2nd to above Franciszek Byszewski. Franciszek Byszewski lieutenant, m. 1st to named Tekla born Potocki daughter of Maksymilian Potocki; Teresa Nieswiastowska, m. Andrzej Przyjemski, official in WSCHOWA; Katarzyna Przyjemska, wife of Feliks Walknowski, official in Kalisz; Joanna, born Przyjemska; a brothers of Zaremba, guardians of above Joanna Przyjemska; Kazmierz Sulkowski, General Major; Ludwika Przyjemska, Krzyzanowski, Marcin Rowinski and Ludwik Blociszewski.
Tarchalin, was owned by Maciej Letkowski official in Leczyca, but pledge to Ignacy Naramowski, Konstancja nee Naramowska, wife of Ludwik Blociszewski.
The pledge was taken by Ludwika Przyjemska married Sulkowska and by Joanna Przyjemska, and Katarzyna Przyjemska wife of Feliks Walknowski.
Tarchalin was in 1786 in hands of: Marcianna wife of Józef Byszewski, daughter of Maciej Letkowski; and to Tekla, daughter of Maksymilian Potocki, and wife of named Franciszek Byszewski. Ultimately then named Franciszek Byszewski took Tarchalin].

Franciszek BYSZEWSKI was born ca 1760 and died before 1802 or in 1794. The 2nd time Tekla Byszewska-Potocka in 1802 married Ignacy Konopnicki. Ignacy was born in 1773. BYSZEWSKI was owner of KRZEWATA close to Klodawa, they had 2 children: Józef Byszewski owner of Krzewata, and Magdalena married Józef Konopnicki - the brother of Ignacy. Jozef Konopnicki escaped in 1831 to Cracow / Kleparz until 1843. Since 1843 Jozef lived in JANOWICE to death in 1846}.

Above Wawrzyniec KONOPNICKI in 1845 went to Russia, to Horbulowo; to estate of Maksymilian Potocki who already dead.

In Bronów, in 1848 Katarzyna Pagowska Konopnicka died.

Wawrzyniec Konopnicki was living in Bronow until 1862; then to his son.
Wawrzyniec's son Jan Jaroslaw Konopnicki b. in Piekarskie Mlyny close to Dobra in 1830, lived in Bronów, married in 1862 in Kalisz, to Maria Wasilowska, poet, b. in 1842 in Suwalki, daughter of Józef, defense attorney of the Crown Prosecutor's Office in Suwalki and next in KALISZ; and JOZEF'S wife Scholastyka Turska- Wasilowski, daughter of Bartlomiej TURSKI, lawyer in Plock, the owner of Siecien. Józef Wasilowski was a hot patriot, as a young man involved in revolutionary conspiracies [?? - and then defense attorney of the Crown Prosecutor's Office in Suwalki], and his brother spent 16 year as exile in Siberia.
Brother of named Maria Konopnicka was Jan Wasilowski - studied in Liege, killed in Krzywosad; an uncle brother of Jaroslaw Konopnicki that is Artakserkses Pagowski, was the friend of named Jan Wasilowski in Kalisz, died in 1863.

The 3rd son of mentioned Wawrzyniec Konopnicki was Leon Konopnicki b. ca 1836, d. 1887, m. Antonina Zaborska.

The first of the KONOPNICKI family was
Piotr Konopnicki - b. ca 1730, in 1764 he rented Równia in the Sieradz province; in 1767 / 1781 / 1786 after death of Placzkowski, named Piotr took all after him.
In 1783 Piotr Konopnicki owned Kobierzycko, from Ignacy Wyszlawski official in Wielun;
in 1787 from hands of Galecki {Franciszek Zygmunt Galecki b. ca 1645, had son Ignacy Galecki b. 1726, acc to me}, official in Bydgoszcz, named Piotr KONOPNICKI took Dobra.

{Franciszek Zygmunt Galecki b. ca 1645, d. 1711, General-Adjutant, official in Kalisz, in Bydgoszcz 1676-1679 and 1688- 1710, in Poznan in 1695-1697, in Inowroclaw in 1697-1703, diplomat in NEDERLAND in 1699, in SWEDEN in 1698-1699, in DANMARK, 1698-1699;
he was the son of TOMASZ GALECKI.
Franciszek Zygmunt's son - Franciszek Galecki junior, died in 1760, official in Wielun in 1750-1760, in BYDGOSZCZ in 1710-1745.
His son Ignacy Galecki b. 1726 - died in ca 1780 / 1798, the Bar insurgent in Sieradz in 1767, MP, official in Bydgoszcz until 1772; Bydgoszcz was under the rule of the Kingdom of Prussia.
IGNACY Galecki refused to recognize the occupying power of Frederick II. He lost all assets possessed in the Prussian partition.
Brygida Galecka was the daughter of Franciszek GALECKI junior, d. 1760, and Ludwika Poniatowska; she come from the family of the King Poniatowski - Ludwika nee Poniatowska / Countess Ludwika Maria Poniatowska (1728 - 1781) as "Luds" was the sister of King. Brygida Walewski nee GALECKA was born to Franciszek Galecki and Ludwika Galecki born Poniatowska. Maria Brygida Galecki born ca 1730.

Ludwika Poniatowska died after 1757 {d. in 1781} + Franciszek Galecki officiel in Wielun had maybe also son Ignacy {GALECKI} born before 1740? or acc. to me 1745.
But we know about Helena Maczynska born Galecka in 1720, daughter of Ignacy Galecki b. ca 1700, and Ludwika Galecka born Poniatowska in ca 1700; Helena married Antoni Jan Maczynski b. ca 1720 with 2 children: Franciszek Maczynski.
Kasper Niesiecki ca 1839 wrote down: Unknown GALECKI, officiel in Bydgoszcz, married Teresa Mycielska of Kalisz, 1 voto Sokolnicka of Miedzyrzecz, and the same man or maybe another married Ludwika Poniatowska; they were next of kin to Galicki in Brzesc Kujawski.

Named Ignacy Galecki died 1778/1780/1798. Married to Marianna Borucka.

Remember - Karol WALEWSKI died ca 1757, owner of Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. Brygida Galecka, daughter of Franciszek and Ludwika Poniatowska
(BRYGIDA was 2nd married to Jan Radolinski in ca 1760, with son IGNACY RADOLINSKI 1771-1825, married Anna NINA KWILECKA, b. 1789, with the grandson Hugo Juliusz Radolinski, 1841-1917).
PETRONELA Radolinska (b. ca 1764/1765-1821), was a daughter of Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 and Brygida or Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Malecka born ca 1730; Petronela nee Radolinska was granddaughter of Józef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740. Brygida Galecka daughter of Ludwika nee Poniatowska that is Countess Ludwika Maria Poniatowska (1728 - 1781) / as "Luds", the sister of King of Poland, Stanislaw August Poniatowski. Above Ludwika Maria Zamojska nee Poniatowska, 1728 - 1781, was in 1745 the wife of Jan Jakub Zamoyski; and was mother of Urszula Maria Wandalin-Mniszech and above named Brygida / Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Galecka.

The 2nd wife of Ignacy Bleszynski (1742 - 1813) in 1789 was mentioned above Petronela Radolinska (1765 - 1821), daughter of Jan Radolinski (1726 - 1796) and Maria Brygida Galecka}.

In 1787, Piotr Konopnicki bought the Milejów estate close to Tokary from Antoni Kawiecki; his oldest son was Maciej Konopnicki, b. ca 1760, lived in Równo and Kobierzycko, in 1786 he bought Zakowice in the Kalisz province; then he bought Bronów, Spedoszyn and Zalesie in 1790 [in 1787 to Franciszek Magnuski, and his daughters Mrokowska and Szymanowska].

Next son of Piotr was Ignacy Konopnicki, b. ca 1774, in 1802 m. Tekla Potocki 1st to Franciszek Byszewski.

Mother of named Tekla: Katarzyna nee Letkowski.

Tekla Konopnicka died before 1808, and Ignacy Konopnicki married 2nd to Józefa Walewska, daughter of Jan WALEWSKI, official in Ostrzeszow, owner of Makolice, and his wife Marianna Psarska Walewska.
Ignacy Konopnicki d. in 1832 in Piekarskie Mlyny.
Józefa Walewska-Konopnicka, d. 1836.

3rd son of Piotr: Józef Konopnicki, lived to 1793 in Milejow, m. Magdalena Byszewska. She lived in Bronow.

Melchior Konopnicki younger son of named Piotr, b. ca 1780, in 1828 he lived in Bronow.
Michal Konopnicki b. 1780 was the last son of PIOTR.

Gozdów close to Zdzary, 7 km to Kaweczyn, close to TOKARY:

Gozdów in 1827 owned by Biernacki. Gozdow and TOKARY in 1873 to Ms Myszkowska.
Kazimiera Konstancja Sulimierska nee Milkowski b. 1811 in Macewo close to Kalisz; m. 1st Maksymilian Myszkowski b. 1807 in Tokary, landlord of Tokary and GOZDOW; he died in 1848 in Kalisz.
Kazimiera Myszkowska in 1849 2nd married to owner of Jablonki, Józef Lutomski, d. 1856. Kazimiera 3rd married Jan Konstanty Sulimierski. They lived in Gozdow; Kazimiera Sulimierska founded a church in Tokary in 1858. In 1869, 4 years after death of named Jan Konstanty Sulimierski, mentioned Kazimiera m. 4th to Alojzy Wolski from Warsaw.

KOWALE PANSKIE:

Kowale in 1690 was owned by Jan Franciszek Walewski, owner of Dobra.
1742, owned by Józef Bielski. Józef BIELSKI m. Karolina Tokarska nee Pogorzelska widow after death of Swietoslaw Tokarski.
Kowale Panskie maybe belonged to Antoni Czarnecki, in 1847 [from Brzóskowo close to Jarocin].

GLUCHOW:
Gluchów close to Kaweczyn and TOKARY;
to the Galczynski family in the 18th cent. - 1783; Tomasz Galczynski died in 1786; but in 1785, Rzymsko and Gluchów were sold by Cyprian Galczynski to hands of Franciszek Ostrowski official in Sieradz. Then to Wezyk; Pstrokonski and Cielecki.
In the 19th cent. to Zaborowski.

Myszkowice, close to Zdzary:

Myszkowski owned Tokary and Milejów. Myszkowice ca 1795 to Celestyn and Wilhelm Myszkowski of Tokary and Milejow.
1804, in Tokary, Adam Ignacy Ananiasz Myszkowski was born, son of Cyprian and Anna Zboinska. Adam Myszkowski took Milejów. In 1869 - 1870 Adam was living in Warsaw. He married to Trankwilina Noskowska, b. 1810.

DLUGA WIES WARCKA -

1601 to Krzysztof Radzewski. In 1874 and ca 1890 to Skórzewski.

KAWECZYN:

Close to Kowale Panskie and to Tokary.

Wladyslaw Maczynski inf. in 1668, d. ca 1693; he owned Kaweczyno (Kaweczyn), Dzierzbotki and Ciemino (Ciemien). Married Jadwiga with 2 daughters: Maryjanna and Konstancja.
Jadwiga in 1714 sold all to hands of Chryzostom Siemiatkowski; then named Kaweczyn, Ciemien, Dzierzbotki took his son Karol Siemiatkowski.
Kaweczyn and the half of named Dzierzbotki ca 1750 had also Józef Bartochowski with his wife Kunegunda Grabska - inf. 1769.
Next owners: Domanski, Kozuchowski and Suchorski.

MILKOWICE:

In 1732 owned by Stanislaw Poninski with the part of Milkowice, Strachocice, Zaspy and Mlyny.

MIKULICE:

Close to Turek.
1665 Mikolaj Wolanski took Mikulice from Maria Potocka, widow after death of Mikolaj Pstrokonski;
Ewa Pstrokonska daughter of Stanislaw Pstrokonski owner of Mikulice, widowed after Franciszek Potocki, married to Maciej Mierzawski as his 3rd wife.
Skórzewski ca 1800; including Mikulice, Orzepów, Stefanów, Jablonka, Wola Kowalska. i Orzepów.
Ca 1890 to Dzierzawski.

Stanislawa.

Close to Skarzyn / Skarzyno. Including Skarzynka and Andrzejow.

Owners: Skarzynski; Wierusz-Kowalski;
to Maciej Zablocki, official in Sieradz, insurgent in 1768; his sons: Andrzej and Ignacy after 1795-1796. Next to Markowski; Bojakiewicz; Frenkel; and Janicki.
In 1793 to South Prussia; 1807 in the Warsaw Duchy; 1815 in the Kingdom of Poland;

SKARZYN = Skarzyno, 3 km north to Bedziechów:

Skarzyn, in 1643 to Jadwiga Skarzynska, wife of Stefan Przybyslawski; then to Piotr Zajaczek, next was Marcin Wierusz Kowalski - inf. 1622;
his son Jakub - inf. 1714; his brother Maksymilian Wierusz-Kowalski.

Next owner - Teresa Bojanowska widow after him. Agnieszka Winiarska m. Baltazar Korzeniecki.
In 1763 owner of Skarzyn, Siewieruszki - Maciej Zablocki official in Sieradz; next - Walenty Zeromski owner of Kwaskow close to Blaszki.
Named Walenty sold to Brygida Zablocka daughter of Maciej; Brygida married Walenty Zeromski.
Above Maciej Zablocki was the son of Jan Zablocki and Helena POTOCKA, owners of Skarzyn, Siewieruszki, he died in 1792 in Skarzysk / Skarzyn.

Skarzyn was in the Przespolew parish. We remember on
Alfred Jan Maksymilian Wierusz Kowalski (1849-1915) the grandson of Maksymilian Kowalski; but his father
Teofil KOWALSKI was a notary in SUWALKI.
Alfred Jan Maksymilian Kowalski born in 1849 in Suwalki, painter, was oldest son of named Teofil Kowalski NOTARY in SUWALKI, and his 2nd wife Teofila Siewierska, daughter of a manager of an estate. Kowalski was the rich man, owned a home in Suwalki, and the estate of Debszczyzna close to Filipow - 16 km east to KOWALE OLECKIE, Nowa Debszczyzna - 8 km south-east to named FILIPOW at way to SUWALKI, 18 km north-east to RACZKI WIELKIE; in 1865, Teofil Kowalski moved home from SUWALKI to Kalisz as the notary.

Alfred maybe was living in SKARZYN in the Przespolew parish.

Above KWASKOW - 5 km east to BLASZKI !

In the 17th cent. owned by Parczewski, Jan was official in Sieradz and Szadek; in 1782 owned by Tomasz Hulewicz.
In 1803 Walenty Zeromski sold Kwasków to Tomasz Gatkiewicz; until 1852 owned by the GATKIEWICZ family! See WOLA PSZCZOLECKA.
Next - Teobald Zakrzewski; Drehr; Kazimierz Mniewski.

Bedziechów:

Stanislaw Zaremba and his wife Bona Cerekwicka, give BEDZIECHOW in pledge in 1700 to Wojciech Sieroszewski. In 1753 Justyna Swierska was owner, daughter of Jan from Romanow / Jan ROMAN, official in Podolia;
Justyna was wife of Wladyslaw Zaremba owner of Bedziechow, son of Stanislaw ZAREMBA of Kalinowa, and Bona Cerekwicka.

In 1766, Ignacy Zaremba son of Wladyslaw ZAREMBA [and Wladyslaw's wife Justyna Buzynska / Biezynski, owner of Strzalków, Malgów and Bedziechów], took 550 ducats, from a leaseholder of Bedziechow, Jan Grudziecki / JAN GRODZIECKI, son of Antoni Grodziecki, official in Piotrkow, and his wife Franciszka Walewska.

Next owner KIEDRZYNSKI !?

The Walewskis:

Adam WALEWSKI was a brother to Marcin Walewski, and they were sons of Piotr Walewski,

with Adam's son - Piotr Walewski, junior.

Marcin Walewski had son - Piotr 3rd, + Petronella Marianna Tyminska and 2nd Barbara Dobrzycka, with daughter Elzbieta m. in 1661 to Wojciech Grodziecki.
Piotr Walewski in 1645 was official in Sieradz,
had son Stanislaw Walewski, owner of Rembieszew, m. Katarzyna Lanckoronska
with son
Kazimierz Walewski and 6 daughters: Konstancja.
Marcin Walewski was married three times: to Jadwiga Rembiewska ? and Barbara Pogondzka ?

Named Stanislaw Walewski b. ca 1650 - died 1740, was the son of above PIOTR b. ca 1620.
Stanislaw was the father of named KAZIMIERZ born ca 1680 ?
KAZIMIERZ WALEWSKI, m. Zofia Radolinska, born ca 1678, d. after 1723. Zofia Walewska Radolinska, was daughter of Andrzej Radolinski and Marianna born Sarnowska. Zofia had 2 brothers: Jozef Stefan Radolinski. Zofia married Kazimierz Walewski, with children: Józef Kazimierz Walewski and Marianna Radolinska born Walewska. KAZIMIERZ was the son of Stanislaw Walewski and Katarzyna. Katarzyna Walewska was lv. Aleksander Poplawski, 3v. Kazimierz Rychlowski.

Named Józef Kazimierz Walewski b. ca 1710, d. 1763, was the father of Anastazy Walewski {1730 - 1815 in Walewice, Bielawy; Anastazy was the husband of Magdalena Maria Ewa TYZENHAUZ and Joanna PULAWSKA; and Marie d'Ornano} and Teodora Walewska - wife of KASPER WALEWSKI.

KAZIMIERZ WALEWSKI, b. ca 1680, m. Zofia Radolinska, born ca 1678, d. after 1723, with daughters:
Maria (Marianna) born ca 1705, m. in 1723 to Andrzej Radolinski;
Eleonora + Antoni Dobiecki in 1727, 2nd in 1740 to Pawel Tymieniecki;
Teodora + Franciszek Walewski of Rusiec; marriage in 1737; 2nd to Antoni Zawisza;
mentioned Franciszka WALEWSKA born ca 1710, married Antoni Grodziecki with son Jan Grudziecki / Grodziecki.
Konstancja, was daughter with second wife; she married to Swietoslaw Gnoinski.

Oldest son of named Kazimierz: Antoni b. ca 1700, m. in 1736 to Kunegunda Garczynska, 2nd to Katarzyna Szczucka.

We remember on Kacper KIEDRZYNSKI + MARIANNA ARCICHOWSKA / Maryanna Arciohowska, with sons:
a. Andrzej Kiedrzynski, owner of Zydowo [5 km north to Rokietnica owned by Mlicki, and to Poznan; Zydowo was owned by Rozdrazewski; Zdziechowski; Korytowski in the 17th cent.; ca 1800 - 1932 owned by Szoldrski. Zydowo - maybe ZYDOW, 8 km south to KALISZ], Suliszewice and Koldow.
b. Walenty Kiedrzynski, owner of BEDZIECHOW / Bedziechowo [ca 1800 ?], in the Kalisz province in Russia, inf. in the Kingdom of Poland in 1839 [inf. 1837].

Bedziechów in the second half of the 19th cent. was owned by Sokolowski; 38 east to the Prosna river - ex-Prussian border.

MILEJOW:
4 km north-west to GLUCHOW; 9 km east to Bedziechow;

Fabian Sokolowski official in Ciechanow, owner of Milejów, pledge to Andrzej Modlibowski, of Kalisz, named Milejow in 1705. 1751 Franciszek [Sokolowski] and his wife Marianna Modlibowski, sold Milejow at hands of Franciszek Kilinski of Tczew.
In 1751, Piotr Niwski, son of Michal Niwski and Marianna Kwiatkowska-Niwska, was co-owner of Milejów, and sold the estate to Mateusz Kawiecki of Sieradz, son of Piotr and Marianna born Potocka.
1775 Tomasz Czyzewski owner - ? - of Milejów and Tokary, Charlupia, Laski and Korytków. In 1787 Antoni Kawecki owner of Milejow, sold the land to Piotr Konopnicki of DOBRA; his son Colonel [1794] Maciej Konopnicki.
Prussia confiscated his Milejów, and here was living his brother Józef in 1793.
Milejów took again Ignacy Konopnicki [after back from ITALY], brother of Maciej. Wawrzyniec Konopnicki, was born in Milejow in 1802 - son of named Ignacy and Tekla born Potocka. Wawrzyniec was insurgent in 1830.

Maria Konopnicka had husband Jaroslaw Konopnicki who come from Tekla Potocka-Konopnicka.
Maria Stanislawa Konopnicka nee Wasilowska, b. in 1842 in Suwalki. In 1849, the Wasilowskis moved home to Kalisza.
In 1862 in Kalisz, Maria Wasilowska m. Jaroslaw Konopnicki, b. 1830 [see above on RACZKI WIELKIE - compare Samuelson and USA]. They moved to Bronowo, then to Gusin in the Kalisz province; Jaroslaw was the owner of Konopnica [2 km north to Bronow], Bronówek and Bronów: 9 km east to UNIEJOW and 22 km north-east to DOBRA.

The Konopnickis took in 1784, Spedoszyn.

In 1844 they bought Bronów: Wawrzyniec Konopnicki the father of Jaroslaw.

1880 - Sokolowski Wladyslaw, owner of Bedziechów.

Note to SOKOLOWSKI:

Ms Franciszka Sokolowska, born Lutostanska, in 1807, was the daughter of Bartlomiej Lutostanski and Rozalia Suchorzewska; Franciszka had brother Jozef Maciej Lutostanski. Franciszka married Stanislaw Erazm Sokolowski.
Stanislaw SOKOLOWSKI was born on May 8 1806, in Kepka Szlachecka, 7 km south-west to KOWAL; south of WLOCLAWEK - see DEBICE.
They had 4 children: Maciej Artur Konstanty Sokolowski of Wrzaca Wielka. Franciszka died in 1884.

Note to GRODZICKI:

Katarzyna Grodzicka b. ca 1770; her parents: Michal Grodzicki and Zuzanna Konarska;
grandparents:
Jan Michal Grodzicki
{his father was official in Ciechanów; 1660-1737}, 1685 - 1743, and Anastazja Grabkowska.

Above Jan Michal Grodzicki b. ca 1685 had son with 1st wife:
ANTONI Grodzicki, born ca 1710; with 2nd wife Anastazja Grabowska b. ca 1690, was above son MICHAL GRODZICKI b. 1730, official in LUKOW.

Franciszka WALEWSKA born ca 1710, married Antoni Grodziecki with son Jan Grudziecki / Grodziecki, b. ca 1735.
Compare:
A.
Dembowski / Debowski, Jan, born ca 1770, in Debowa Góra and died in 1823, married Matylda Viscontini, was father of Herkules Dembowski - the astronomer; Jan was political activist, and Italian general; Brigadier General of the Polish Army. He was born in Debowa Góra ca 4 km south of Skierniewice, the Orlow county - east of KUTNO
[at the end of the sixteenth century mentioned above Orlow was property of Paul Orlowski in 1576. Then Andrzej / Andrew Dembowski, and later his heirs.
At the end of the eighteenth century the owner was Serafin Sokolowski / Serafin Rafal Sokolowski b. ca 1738, d. after 1807, a secretary of the Cabinet of Stanislaw August Poniatowski, MP - his father was Józef Sokolowski b. ca 1700, official in Bydgoszcz;
- see GALECKI];
the son of Andrzej DEMBOWSKI; near to Ignacy Potocki.
Dembowski then was the Secretary of Potocki. He was closely associated with Kollataj; he traveled to Dresden as an emissary; he took part in the uprising of Kosciuszko; a member of the club of Jacobins, and later an officer of the Polish Legions in Italy and adjutant of General Jan Henryk Dabrowski. Since 1802 he served the Italian army. 1808-1810 he took part in the campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte in Spain; in 1812 promoted to brigadier general during the Moscow campaign. Later he appointed governor of Ferrara.
B.
Wiridianna Radolinska 1761-1826 m. 1st in ca 1780 to Antoni Maciej Konstanty Kwilecki, chamberlein of the King, b. 1764 son of Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki 1725-1794 and Teresa Agnieszka Sczaniecka 1740-1807, with children:
A. Anna Nina Kwilecka b. 1789 m. 1st Ignacy Radolinski 1771-1825 [see below on Józef Franciszek Klobukowski 1786-1874]
with:
1. Gabriela Emilia Radolinska 1808-1837, and
2. Wladyslaw Emeryk Radolinski 1808-1879 m. Józefa Radolinska 1809-1880 with Hugo Juliusz Radolinski 1841-1917;
3. Stanislaw Marceli Ignacy Radolinski 1810-1825;
4. Petronela Antonina Radolinska born 1812 m. de Rabe.
Relatives:
Edward Sokolowski of Wrzaca Wielka [he was born in 1815] and Anna Józefina SOKOLOWSKA born Klobukowska 1819-1865 [Józefa Sokolowska of Wrzaca Wielka, Sokolow and Ochla; Wrzaca Wielka - the Kolo county, 7 km north-east of Kolo].
B.
Józef Ignacy Walenty Kwilecki, Polish Captain, 1791-1860 m. Lucynda Ludwika Czarnecka b. 1790, 2nd time married to Aleksandra Sobolewska 1798-1878.

Note to SOKOLOWSKI and KWILECKI:

Józefa Klobukowska born Sokolowska, in 1840, to Edward Sokolowski and Anna Józefina Sokolowska born Klobukowska; above Edward was born in 1815. Anna was born in 1819, in Warszawa, died in 1865; Józefa born Sokolowska had sister Ludwika Dmochowski born Sokolowski. Józefa married Jan Nepomucen Klobukowski b. in 1830, with the son Jan Dominik Klobukowski.
The parents of above EDWARD Sokolowski:
Józef Sylwester Sokolowski b. 1784
{compare KEPA SZLACHECKA - Stanislaw Sokolowski was born in 1806, in Kepka Szlachecka, 7 km south-west to KOWAL; south of WLOCLAWEK.

Kepa = Kepka Szlachecka - at half way from CHOCEN to KOWAL.

See:
Smolsk - in 1793 owned by Sokolowski - 5 km east to Brzesc Kujawski;

see: DEBICE - 1780 to Sokolowski, at half way from BRZESC KUJAWSKI to KOWAL; south-west to WLOCLAWEK - see Leopold Kronenberg !

Inf. on Roman Sokolowski who married in 1818 in KRUSZYN close to WLOCLAWEK - 1797 belonged to Sokolowski -

Kruszyn is situated 9 km south-east to Brzesc Kujawski}

and Ludwika Walentyna Józefata Mdzewska b. ca 1780 [Debica was - to her death in 1882 - in her hands].

Edward Sokolowski was married in 1839, in Grzegorzew (7 km east to KOLO; north-east to TUREK), to Anna Józefina Klobukowska daughter of Józef Franciszek Klobukowski 1786-1874 and mentioned Anna Nina Kwilecka born in 1789 in POZNAN.

ANNA NINA KWILECKA was married three times: to Ignacy Radolinski, to Faustyn Wyssogota-Zakrzewski, and 3rd to JOZEF KLOBUKOWSKI with daughter Anna Jozefina married Edward Sokolowski.

ANNA NINA KWILECKA-KLOBUKOWSKA was the daughter of Antoni Maciej Konstanty Kwilecki, official at the Royal Court, born in 1764, and Wiridianna Radolinska, 1761-1826 and
granddaughter of
Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki 1725-1794;
Teresa Agnieszka Sczaniecka 1740-1807;
Józef Stanislaw Radolinski, official in Wschowa, 1730-1781 {son of Józef Stefan Radolinski official in Wschowa, 1680-1740} who married Katarzyna Raczynska 1744-1792.

Wiridianna Radolinska 1761-1826 m. 2nd in 1806 to General Stanislaw Fiszer 1759-1812, son of Karol Ludwik Fiszer, General Major, 1730 -1783 + Joanna Luiza Elzbieta von Luck 1738-1788.
General FISZER was the friend of TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO and General Franciszek PASZKOWSKI [Paszkowski's daughter married Armand in MOSCOW - see Apollon / Apolon Konstantynowicz].

Above DEBICE:

Debice owned by Godziemba-Dambski. In 1736 Antonina DAMBSKI married Stefan Radoszewski, who was the owner of nearby Kruszynek and since 1765 owned Kruszyn.
Her only daughter Ludwika RADOSZEWSKA in 1780 married Michal Sokolowski, official in KOWAL. All the Radoszewski estates took Sokolowski.
1793, DEBICE was increased by a Smólsk estate; 1797, Sokolowski took Kruszyn.

Michal Sokolowski died in 1809; Debica and Poddebice belonged to Ludwika Sokolowska-Radoszewska. In 1820 co-owner was her son Józef Sokolowski born 1784 [Józef Sylwester Sokolowski b. 1784]. JOZEF died in 1834 and Ludwika Mdzewski-Sokolowska, widow after death of mentioned Józef, owned Debice.

[Ludwika nee MDZEWSKA was the mother of Edward Sokolowski who was married in 1839, in Grzegorzew (7 km east to KOLO; north-east to TUREK), to Anna Józefina Klobukowska daughter of Józef Franciszek Klobukowski 1786-1874 and Anna Nina Kwilecka born in 1789 in POZNAN].

In 1859 Debice took a daughter of Mdzewska-Sokolowska, that is Karolina Mierzwinska. But until 1882 named Ludwika Sokolowska managed the estate. In 1886 Hugo Haack, of Wloclawek, bought DEBICE.

SMOLSK - 5 km east to Brzesc Kujawski.

Józef Sylwester Sokolowski b. 1784 - son of Michal Sokolowski born in 1758;
grandson of
Adam Sokolowski 1730-1764 [Adam's son: General Wojciech Sokolowski b. 1760] and Elzbieta Zychlinska 1730-1779 [Elzbieta Zychlinska was the daughter of Serafin and Konkordia Raczynska].
Great-grandson of
1. Serafin Seweryn Zychlinski and Konkordia Raczynska, born in 1700. Elzbieta had sister Anna Koszutska.
Elzbieta married Adam Sokolowski in 1750. They had sons Wojciech Sokolowski and Michal Sokolowski.
2. Wojciech SOKOLOWSKI born ca 1680 / 1700 and Marcjanna Wodzinska.

Note to Jadwiga Sokolowska m. Karol Morzycki:
parents of above JADWIGA:
Wladyslaw Ignacy Sokolowski b. 1836 in Warsaw, married Marianna Kazimiera Morzycka
(daughter of Michalina Sokolowska-Morzycka; granddaughter of Roman Sokolowski born 1786, marriage in KRUSZYN close to Wloclawek, to Katarzyna Sokolowska; great-granddaughter of MICHAL Sokolowski born 1758 and Ludwika RADOSZEWSKA b. 1762 of DEBICA, KRUSZYN and KRUSZYNEK);
Marianna born in 1846.
Mentioned
WLADYSLAW Sokolowski was the member of the Agricultural Society of the Kingdom of Poland in 1861 - see Wolowski, Szymanowski and Leopold Kronenberg.
Wladyslaw Sokolowski lived in Biejkowska Wola by the PILICA river, south to GROJEC.

1880 - Sokolowski Wladyslaw was the owner of Bedziechów. From hands of KIEDRZYNSKI.

His parents:
Walenty Sokolowski b. ca 1799 - Juchnowiec Koscielny, 21 km south of Bialystok; studied in Warsaw, died in 1851 - Warsaw, m. in WARSAW in 1830 to
Eufrozyna Katarzyna Cissowska b. ca 1811 - Radomin, east of GOLUB DOBRZYN, d. 1851. RADOMIN - also close to Wielun.
Walenty's parents: Sokolowski b. 1750 of Kujawy.
WALENTY's sister ?:
Franciszka Duszynska born Sokolowska in 1784, to Michal Sokolowski and Katarzyna Fidorow; Michal was born in 1735, in Ostrów Mazowiecka. Franciszka had one brother Walenty Sokolowski. Franciszka married Mateusz Duszynski b. 1788, in Dobrzyca, POLAND. Franciszka married 2nd to Franciszek Brzostek in 1803, born in 1775, in Ostrów Mazowiecka.

We back to Jadwiga Sokolowska m. Karol Morzycki. Her grandparents:

Walenty Sokolowski 1799-1851; Eufrozyna Katarzyna Cissowska 1811-1851; Antoni Morzycki 1801-1882; named above Michalina Ludwika Józefa Sokolowska 1820-1882, daughter of ROMAN ANTONI.
See BOGUMIL SOKOLOWSKI, b. 1786.
Named Roman Sokolowski married in 1818 in KRUSZYN close to WLOCLAWEK, to Katarzyna Sokolowska b. ca 1790, the daughter of Michal Sokolowski b. 1758 + Ludwika Radoszewska, 1762-1841.

Kruszyn - 9 km south-east to Brzesc Kujawski.

Michalina Ludwika Józefa Sokolowska 1820-1882, daughter of ROMAN ANTONI:
MICHALINA married 2nd time in 1842 in SADLNO to Antoni Robert Morzycki - south of RADZIEJOW - with daughter Marianna Kazimiera Morzycka married in 1865 to Wladyslaw Ignacy Sokolowski b. 1836, with son Wlodzimierz SOKOLOWSKI 1880-1921 + Kazimiera Wankowicz 1886-1939, with daughter Irena Sokolowska 1901-1990 married Waclaw Iwaszkiewicz.

We back to Jadwiga Sokolowska m. Karol Morzycki. Her great-grandparents:

Bogumil Morzycki 1770-1824;
Roman Antoni Bogumil Sokolowski owner of SADLNO, in the Brzesc KUJAWSKI county in 1837 - 24 km south of RADZIEJOW, lived in 1786-1865;
Marianna Borucka;
Katarzyna Sokolowska b. ca 1790.

Her great-great-grandparents:

Józef Jordan Walenty Sokolowski b. 1760
[he was the father of Stanislaw Erazm Sokolowski 1806-1869, {with Franciszka LUTOSTANSKA had son Maciej Artur Konstanty Sokolowski; Józef Blazej Marian Sokolowski; Alfons Franciszek Sokolowski and Pelagia Blizinska} and Roman Antoni Bogumil Sokolowski]
and Marianna Wolicka von Valdorf b. ca 1760.

Her great-great-great-grandparents:
Antoni Sokolowski b. ca 1710; Marianna Obiedowska; Cyprian Wolicki; Teresa Keska.

They come from the parents:
Józef Sokolowski, official in Bydgoszcz, 1700-1754 [see GALECKI]; and Magdalena Ponetowska.

WALKNOWSKI:

1.
Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska's family:
came from Wojciech Rokossowski b. ca 1665, died 1716 who was maybe brother of Jakub b. ca 1670, and wife of above Wojciech - Katarzyna Milinska d. 1732,
with children:
Jadwiga Rokossowska; Joanna Rokossowska, Teresa died 1750, Karol Rokossowski d. 1776, Zofia; Stanislaw; Franciszek Rokossowski.

Above named KAROL Rokossowski, d. 1776 with wife Marianna Grodzicka who died in 1780, had son Tomasz Konstanty Rokossowski 1721 - 1783;
next sons:
Józef Rokossowski, Wojciech Sebastian; Antoni Fabian Rokossowski; Ignacy Maurycy; Adam Stanislaw Rokossowski; and above mentioned daughter
Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska - see Wola Pszczolecka - who died 1800

(KAROLINA Gatkiewicz was daughter of Piotr Korytowski d. 1783, and Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka nee Rokossowska, married Walknowska, born in Pakoslaw south of Pepowo, 14 west of RAWICZ, south-west of KROTOSZYN);

next daughter Kunegunda Rokossowska.
2.
Mentioned Piotr Korytowski + Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska
had granddaughter
Marianna Korytowska 1750-1799 + Seweryn Pagowski with a
daughter + Jan Nepomucen Paschalis Chrzanowski 1779-1854,
and with next daughter Anna Pagowska b. 1787 + Rafal Chrzanowski 1783-1831;
and with last daughter
Ludwika Maria Pagowska b. 1801 + Stanislaw Krzyzanowski 1780-1828, the son of Jakub Filip Florian Krzyzanowski b. 1750 in Jaroslawiec.
3.
Above
Ewa Franciszka Agnieszka Rokossowska married 1st Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski.
Mentioned
Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski b. 1720, was the son of Antoni WALKNOWSKI and Urszula Mielzynska !
4.
Kalisz in 1776:
Józef Wierusz Walknowski, b. ca 1720/1730, the son of Franciszek Walknowski, judge in KALISZ, and Marianna Bilinski, 1 voto;
named Jozef Walknowski was a nephew to above Antoni Walknowski b. ca 1680/1690
[Antoni and Franciszek Walknowski b. ca 1690 were brothers ?],
the official in WIELUN,
and his wife Urszula Mielzynski.

Named Jozef Walknowski signed to Ms Katarzyna Sulerzyski, b. ca 1750/1755, in future she was wife of named Jozef Walknowski; she was the daughter of
Antoni and Aleksandra Przybyslawski [1st]. Katarzyna was nephew - next of kin to Jan Sulerzyski and Golinska.
5.
Konin - 1792:
Katarzyna Sulerzycka, the daughter of Antoni and Aleksandra Przybyslawski, the wife of Józef Walknowski, the official in Kalisz; the court case with witnesses:
Kasper Slawinski the son of Jan and Apolonia Przybyslawski;
Jozef was the son of Franciszek Walknowski, the judge in Kalisz;
his wife:
Marjanna Bielinski 1voto.

Antoni Walknowski married Urszula Mielzynski [2nd ?].

Inf. in 1777: mentioned above JOZEF Walknowski, was the owner of Slesin and Piotrkowice.
Slesin - 20 km north to KONIN;
Piotrkowice - 5 km south-east to SLESIN.
6.
1792 - Elzbieta Grodzicka with a children, after a death of her husband Michal Chrzanowski, returned money to Józef Wierusz Walknowski, official in Kalisz.
7.
In KALISZ in 1750:

Bonawentura Wierusz Walknowski, the son of named Antoni Walknowski, official in Wielun + Urszula Mielzynski; married Ewa Rokossowska, the daughter of Karol Rokossowski and Marianna Grodzicki.

In Kobierno, 7 km north-east to KROTOSZYN the city - see Mielzynski ! - in 1709:
Rozalja Klara, was born - the daughter of Stefan Kobierzycki + Anna; godparents:
Antoni Wiktor Walknowski official in Wielun; and Anna Uminska.

8.
Laszczyn, 5 km north to RAWICZ, south-west to ROSZKOWO.
In 1709, Tomasz Borucski / Borucki married Petronella Lubiatowska; witnesses:
Wladyslaw Glinicki, Antoni Waliknowski / Walknowski named above, official in Wielun; Ludwik Borucki; Urszula Walikowska / Walknowska; Marjanna Slinicka.
9.
Branno - 8 km south-west to KONIN.
1719 - Józef Grabski the owner of Konecko Swiete married Ludwika Borucka the daughter of Ludwik Borucki the owner of Branno, and his wife Teresa Walknowski b. 1675.
Witnesses:
Wojciech Dambski the official in INOWROCLAW;
Andrzej Dambski the official in INOWROCLAW;
Andrzej Dambski 2nd; Stanislaw Garczynski of POZNAN;
Antoni Wierusz Walknowski of WIELUN - the brother of TERESA BORUCKA Walknowska.
10.
Kalisz in 1747 - Witalis Wegierski, the son of Marcjan the official in WSCHOWA, and his wife Urszula Kierski; Witalis was the owner of Wegry and Chotów in the Kalisz county;
inf. 1746, on Witalis's wife - Anna Walknowski, the daughter of named Antoni WALKNOWSKI the official in Wielun; Antoni's wife - Urszula Mielzynski.
11.
1747 - Ignacy Walknowski, the son of Jan Walknowski of Wielun + Krystyna Molski, 2 voto Jan Jaskólecki; Elzbieta Laszczynska, the daughter of Michal + Konstancja Koszutski.
12.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA b. 1689 + Antoni Walknowski b. 1680.
With sons - OWIDIUSZ; Bonawentura Wierusz-Walknowski; and
Franciszek Wierusz-Walknowski.
Urszula d. ca 1743, Wierusz-Walknowska born Mielzynska, had also a daughters
Katarzyna Sokolnicka born Wierusz-Walknowska and Franciszka Bogucka nee Walknowska.

Urszula born Mielzynska in 1689, to Maciej Mielzynski and Katarzyna Anna Mielzynska born Mycielska. Maciej was born on August 31, 1636, in Niegolewo. Katarzyna was born ca 1655. Urszula had 5 siblings: Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, Krzysztof Mielzynski, and others.
13.
Starygrod - 11 km north-west to the city of KROTOSZYN - in 1745:
Anatol Feliks, the son of Józef Wierusz Walknowski + Krystyna Potocki. Godparents: Józef Zaorski and Marjanna Chmielewska.

Starygrod in 1750: Aleksander Florjan the son of named Józef + Krystyna Walknowski; godparents: Kasper Modlibowski the official in Miedzyrzecz, and Katarzyna Sokolnicka.

Starygrod in 1751 - Euzebja Urszula was born - the daughter of Józef Walknowski and Krystyna Walknowski; the godparents:
Karol Rokossowski + his wife.

Starygrod in 1753: Anna Agnieszka was born - the daughter of Józef and Krystyna Walknowski;
godparents: Anna Wegierska with her husband - Witalis Wegierski.

Starygrod in 1756; Teodozja Petronella Paula, was born to Józef and Krystyna Walknowski of Kuklinow;
godparents:
Ewa Rokossowski and Antoni Bogucki.

14.
Augustyn Wierusz-Walknowski b. ca 1760, the son of Józef Walknowski and Krystyna Potocka.

15.
On the junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798]. Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn z Wrzesni Bardzki died in 1793, and Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.

Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and
Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;

and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD - b. 1770,
and Petronela Kiedrzynska PRADZYNSKA - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.

Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski.

Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and Katarzyna {he m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska, daughter of Krzysztof and Teresa Grodziecka; she was widow after Adam Gorzycki} had:

1. Elzbieta, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym;

2. Urszula Mielzynska + Antoni Walknowski

{Urszula Wierusz-Walknowska d. 1743; half-sister of ANNA GORZYCKA. Mother of Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski - husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKI WALKNOWSKA KIEDRZYNSKA

[Brygida was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770] -
see KIEDRZYNSKI};

3. Marianna Krystyna; and

4. son [with the 2nd wife] Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; 1717 governor of Przemet.

Important note on Kalinowski - Walewski line:

Stefan Walewski + ZAPOLSKA had son ZYGMUNT d. 1689 + Anna Gostyńska,
and grandson Stanislaw Franciszek b. ca 1670, died 1716 + Siemianowska, + Rychlowska; with two sons:
Wojciech Walewski d. 1757 + Teresa Laszowska;
and KAROL WALEWSKI d. 1757 + BRYGIDA GALECKA 2v. RADOLINSKA.

Stanisław Franciszek WALEWSKI d. 1716, officer of Sieradz, owner of Pstrokonie, Woźniki, Świerzyna, Gronów, Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. in 1694, to Marianna Rozalia Siemianowska, 2nd to Krystyna Rychłowska - Trzebicki (she was 3rd married to Jan Feliks Walewski), with:
1. Józef WALEWSKI d. 1724, m. Elżbieta Magnuska - Skarbek,
2. Feliks WALEWSKI d. 1752,
3. Karol WALEWSKI died ca 1757, owner of Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. Brygida Gałecka, daughter of Franciszek and Ludwika Poniatowska (she was 2nd to Jan Radoliński; see above on the King Poniatowski), with:
a). Ludwika m. Kazimierz Kacper Gembart,
b). Julianna Joanna b. ca 1756, m. Feliks Złotnicki, 2nd Daniel Suchecki;
4. Wojciech WALEWSKI died in 1757, owner of Pstrekonie / Pstrokonie, m. in 1730, to Teresa Łaszowska with:
a). Józefa b. 1737 + Konstanty Ossowski,
b). Eleonora Walewska m. Maciej Krobanowski d. 1792,
c). Rozalia Walewska + Jakub Madaliński,
d). Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI 1754 - 1820, MP in 1776, + in 1784 to Martyna / Maksyma Wężyk d. 1792 - owner of Kalinowa [see above on Lubienski and Kiedrzynski] and Ligota, 1v. Andrzej Niemojowski, 2v. Ludwik Wężyk; Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI 2nd m. in April 1794 to Kalinowska Janina / Antonina Kalinowska of Lelow daughter of Ignacy KALINOWSKI and Justyna Borzęcka - she was 2nd time married in 1822 in Świerzyny, to Mikołaj Jaksa Krobanowski b. ca 1771; Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI had children:
A. Michał Walewski b. 1804, owner of Krześlow (see Wola PSZCZOLECKA), Kurow, Wypychow, Podlesie, Dziuby, Stara Poczta,
B. Justyna b. 1807,
C. Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski b. 1795, owner of Parzymiechy, + Marianna Radolińska daughter of Piotr RADOLINSKI and Tekla Lanckorońska, with:
a) Piotr Ludwik Teodor Walewski b. 1822 in Parzymiechy,
b) Jadwiga Maria + 1850 to Henryk Stanisław Wojciech Lanckoroński;

D. Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Woźniki, Świerzyna, Gorzuchów, Lisy, + Natalia Kręska d. ca 1833, daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karśnicka. Children of Napoleon Walewski:
a). Ludwik Mieczysław Walewski b. 1830, owner of Pstrokonie, Paprotnia, m. unknown with: Adela,
b). Antonina Floriana Salomea b. 1831 in Pstrekonie, + Bolesław Kobierzycki,
c). Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Masłowice, m. Władysław Sulimierski owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka (see Adam Kiedrzynski in Sulmierzyce).

Władysław Jan / Władysław Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka, was son of Marceli / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, and Zofia Szołowska / Joanna Szolochowska. Parents of above Marceli: Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena Fundament- Krasicka. Father of above Jan: Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska. Parents of above Jozef: Michal Sulimierski [son of Marianna Stokowska], and unknown wife.

Above Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, was also father of Korneli Kazimierz Edward Sulimierski b. 1834 in LUBIEC close to Wola Pszczolecka, who married to Adamina Markowska ca 1830 - 1900, with son Bronisław Sulimierski b. 1863, d. 1952, and Maria Siemienska.

In ca 1775 Jozef Walewski was heir of JEDLNO and Borki [see IZYDOR KIEDRZYNSKI].

Aleksander Walewski older, owner of Wieruszow, in 1761 officer in Piotrkow, m. ELZBIETA MECINSKA of Wielun; she was the owner of Wieruszow. They had son Józef Kalasanty Walewski, 1747-1792. He married Paulina Pulina Radolińska daughter of KAJETAN RADOLINSKI.

Above Aleksander of Wieruszow and Jedlno had sons:
1. Jozef / JOZEF KALASANTY WALEWSKI, b. 1747 + Paulina RADOLINSKA;
2. Daniel b. 1751;
3. MICHAL b. 1749 + Salomea PSARSKA.

Józef Kalasanty Walewski had children:

1. Ludwika Walewska 1775-1863 + Józef Niemojowski. Józef Niemojowski 1840-1857, junior, was grandson of above LUDWIKA and JOZEF senior Niemojowski / Niemojewski.
2. Aleksander Józef Colonna-Walewski, Count in 1833, MP 1830-31, 1778-1845 + Tekla Walewska
{daughter of Michał Walewski 1749-1799 + Salomea Psarska b. 1761, and granddaughter of Aleksander Walewski + named Elżbieta Męcińska; Sebastian Psarski official in Wieluń; Teresa Niemojowska; and great-granddaughter of Franciszek Walewski official in Rozprza, 1710-1745}
1783-1862.

3.
Wincenty 1785-1820 + Konstancja Salomea Józefa Walewska

{daughter of Bogumił Gabriel Walewski 1750-1814 + Józefa Wężyk-Widawska 1760-1817, and granddaughter of Stanisław Józef Walewski official in Spicymierz, 1720-1770; Konstancja Urszula Jordan; and great-granddaughter of Aleksander WALEWSKI born ca 1700, and Wiktoria Bykowska.
All children of Jan JORDAN:
Spytek Rogatian Jordan; Wojciech Ludwik Jordan, and Konstancja Urszula Walewska - married Stanislaw Józef Walewski was born in 1720 ! or born in 1740-1770 with children: Bogumil Gabriel Walewski 1750-1814 {his daughter Konstancja Salomea Józefa Walewska married to Wincenty Walewski b. 1785 d. 1819}, and Kunegunda Szembek nee Walewska, born in 1760 / 1766 - d. 1828 wife of Ignacy Józef Szembek 1740-1835 MP in 1788, officer in Ostrzeszow 1777-1793, with son Piotr Szembek 1788-1866 General, Freemason, 1813 in Gdansk married to Fryderyka Becu de Tavernier}

1791-1843,
with son
Mikołaj Józef Daniel Colonna-Walewski Count, 1813-1869 + Tekla Masłowska 1818-1879, and grandson
Wincenty Colonna-Walewski Count 1841-1896 {see WOLA PSZCZOLECKA !}.

Aleksander Walewski {Alexander / Aleksander Walewski 1700 - 1751 or 1778 !} married Elzbieta Mecinska of Jedlno, born ca 1700 or ca 1720; ELZBIETA MECINSKA of Wielun, was the owner of Wieruszow.
His line:
Stefan Walewski d. ca 1681, had two sons:
Zygmunt 1656 - 1716, m. Koniecpolska and 2nd Olszewska;
Wojciech died 1716 + Maczynska; Nowomiejska; Tomicka-Olecka.
Zygmunt had son:
Franciszek died 1745, m. Cecylia Dambska; Frankenberg; Teodora Ludwika Walewska.
Franciszek had children {Franciszek Walewski official in Rozprza, b. ? - d. 1745}:
Aleksander + Elzbieta Mecinska [Jedlno, Wieruszow];
Stefan 1744-1803/1805 official in SZADEK + Antonina Walewska;
Tomasz Walewski;
Franciszek Ksawery 1739-1796, official in OSTRZESZOW since 1765, m. Maslowska; Niemojewska-Psarska; Konstancja Psarska in 1795.

Aleksander was son of FRANCISZEK Walewski born ca 1675 / 1690, died 1745.

Another
FRANCISZEK Walewski b. 1745, d. 1813 (son of Marcin Walewski 1700 / 1720 - 1761 and Marcjanna Romer 1720 - 1761), owner of Rusiec, Wieruszów, Dabrówka, Jastrzebice, Broszecin, Wola Wiazowa, Lesniaki, Laziny, Zawadow; General, m. Ludwika Stokowska;
children:
A. Kacper m. Anna Lubieniecka, Izabela Oswiecimska,
B. Damazy m. Katarzyna Wagrowska,
C. Józef b. 1771 m. Marianna Blociszewska,
D. Ignacy Józef b. 1786, m. Salomea Walewska from Rusiec, Dabrowa, Jastrzebice, Kuznica.

Aleksander Walewski older, owner of Wieruszow, in 1761 officer in Piotrkow, m. ELZBIETA MECINSKA of Wielun; she was the owner of Wieruszow or Franciszek Walewski was the owner, and sold Wieruszow in 1743 to Aleksander Walewski. Elzbieta had 3 sons:
[Michal and Daniel taken Wieruszow] Jozef b. 1747 or 1743 [see below];
Michal born 1749;
Daniel b. 1750 or 1751. Daniel was the friend of Hugo Kollataj.
Michal since 1788 was owner of all Wieruszow estate, to 1793 - in this year Wieruszow was sold to German. Michal Walewski was near to the Magnuski family and to families from GREBANIN and Baranow.
Above Aleksander Walewski had daughters:
Salomea b. August 1775, m. Jozef Kielczewski of KOWAL [south of Wloclawek];
Felicjanna b. July 1777 + Ignacy Trzebinski.

Above Michal Walewski son of Aleksander, was the King court official; married Salomea Psarska of MYSLNIEW close to Ostrzeszow [see Kiedrzynski and Psarski]; she was the daughter of Sebastian PSARSKI and Teresa Niemojewska. They had daughter Tekla m. Count Aleksander Walewski.

Above named Jozef b. 1747 or 1743, died 1792, m. PAULINA RADOLINSKA; in ca 1775 Jozef Walewski was heir of JEDLNO, Borki and Jankowice close to Jedlno [see Izydor Kiedrzynski], and also of Kalinowa close to Zdunska Wola [see above on Andrzej Kiedrzynski].
Jozef had daughter Ludwika m. Jozef Niemojewski; and Jozef had 2 sons: Aleksander married to cousin - TEKLA.

WOLA PSZCZOLECKA:

The MIKUTA family: we know about Anna Mikuta born about 1865.
Leonas Mikuta buried in Beržoras, the Plunge district; husband of Barbora Mikutiene.
Beržoras, in ZMUDZ, west to TELSZE.
Jan Soltan, had son Lukasz Soltan, owner of Dobryn in 1599 + Dorota Mikuta (Mieta).

Ewa Ostapowicz (born Mikuta), 1804 - 1849, daughter of Mateusz Mikuta and Marianna born Karczewska. Mateusz was born in 1771. Marianna was born in 1773. Ewa had brother Józef Mikuta. Ewa married Mateusz Ostapowicz in 1840, b. 1794.
Józef Mikuta was born 1816, to Mateusz Mikuta and Marianna. Józef married Marianna Karp; 2nd he married to Katarzyna Marianna Bernatowicz born Karp {maybe with son JOZEF MIKUTA junior born ca 1855}.
Marianna KARP was born in 1818, in Krylatka, the Sztabin district, the estate in 1827 owned by Karol Brzostowski, Count, Captain.
In 1820 Brzostowski introduced social reforms in above KRYLATKA. The father of Ewa Chreptowicz-Brzostowska, was Michal Hieronim Brzostowski b. 1762, d. 1806.

Karol Brzostowski b. 1796, d. 1854 in PARIS. KAROL was grandson of Stanislaw Brzostowski + Konstancja Radziwill and / or Teofila Magdalena Radziwill Brzostowska d. 1769. Teofila Magdalena Radziwill = Teofila Magdalena Fersen / Brzostowska / born Radziwill in 1745, had daughter Karolina Wolodkowicz nee Brzostowska.

TEOFILA'S parents: Leon Michal Radziwill 1722-1751 + Anna Luiza Mycielska 1729-1771.

Her husbands: Hermann Gustav Fersen, Russian General, son of Georg Johann von Fersen + Anna Elisabeth von Derfelden; 2nd to Stanislaw Brzostowski 1733-1769 son of Józef Brzostowski 1692-1745 + Ludwika Maria Sadowska.

KAROL was born in 1796 - Michaliszki close to Worniany and Swir; north-east to Wilno.
KRYLATKA - 26 km south-east to AUGUSTOW - see: WOLLOWICZ.

The KRZESLÓW estate in the Wygielzów parish included:

Krzeslów, Polesie, Kurów, Wypychów, Wola Pszczólecka in 1783 [was sold by Stokowski and Wezyk, to Jan Przybylski].

Paulina Pulina Radolinska b. 1750 / Paulina m. Józef Kalasanty Walewski of JEDLNO. Jozef Kalasanty Walewski was the owner of Kurow (close to Wielun or Kurow near to Wola Pszczolecka, see: Malkiewicz, Kiedrzynski), Turow, Wielun and Jedlno.
In 1818 this KRZESLÓW estate bought Ludwik Walewski son of Wojciech WALEWSKI. Krzeslów estate included in 1818: Dziuby, Wypychy, Podlesie, Stara Poczta.

Wola Pszczolecka 1818-1821 belonged to Mikolaj Szczepkowski.
Wola Pszczółeczka was sold in May 1821 by Mikołaj Szczepkowski owner, to hands of Maryanna nee Psarska born ca 1770, married Bogdański.
She was married three times: in 1786, in Myślniów / MYSLNIEW, to Jan Walewski b. 1760; 2nd to Ciemniewski [see below on TERESA CIEMNIEWSKA]; 3rd to above Bogdański after 1790.
Marianna Urszula Psarska was the owner of Wola Pszczolecka, 1821-1834.
Her parents: Fryderyk Jakub Psarski b. ca 1730 - d. 1805 - Wrocław + Ksawera Franciszka Bardzińska died in 1814 - Myślniew [see below].

Stefania Woroniecka Wolowska's great-grandparents:
Pawel Gostomski 1760-1825;
Hieronim Zielinski of NUR;
Antoni Piotr Fabian Psarski 1766-1851
{son of Władysław Psarski, 1700/1725-1787; grandson of Franciszek Ksawery Psarski b. 1691 - see below on Marianna b. ca 1740, mother of Maksymilian Olszowski b. 1763; grandmother of Tomasz Ksawery Olszowski b. 1792; great- grandmother of Antoni Borzysław Olszowski b. 1830 with son Mścisław Antoni Olszowski b. 1860};
Magdalena Gruszecka;
Aniela Szydlowska;
Teresa Ciemniewska;
Lucja Czekulin, 1775-1863.

See:
above Antoni Piotr Fabian Psarski (1766 - 1851 Redziny) m. Lucja Czekulin (1775 - 1863).

Another Marianna PSARSKA OLSZOWSKA, ca 1740 - 1764, daughter of Franciszek Ksawery Psarski
[Franciszek Ksawery Psarski, b. 1691, died 1772 in Myslniew / Myslniow, the Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland; son of Aleksander Psarski and Marianna Zaborska, husband of Teresa SIELNICKA]
and Teresa Sielnicka;
MARIANNA was the sister of
Sebastian Psarski [Sebastian PSARSKI was the father of Salomea Walewska b. 1761, and grandfather of Tekla Walewska + Aleksander Józef Colonna-Walewski];
and Agnieszka Teresa; Teodora Eufrozyna; Franciszek Borgiasz Psarski;
named above Fryderyk Jakub Psarski
[b. ca 1720 / 1730, died in 1805, husband of Ksawera Bardzinska, father of Józef; Eleonora Leszczynska b. 1770 + Jan Leszczynski; Franciszek; above mentioned
Marianna Urszula Walewska {wife of Jan Walewski with daughter Józefa Konopnicka};
Wojciech Stefan; Jakub; Mikolaj Psarski and Konstancja];
Justyna Koldowska - Wyszlawska; Jadwiga Bylina; Jan Kanty; Wojciech Stefan; Andrzej and Wladyslaw.

ELEONORA Konopnicka (ca 1810-after 1838), daughter of Ignacy KONOPNICKI and Józefa Walewska; born in Mysliniów, and married in 1838 in Myslniów. Myslniów / Myslniew, in the Kobylagóra parish; see Teresa Sielnicka.
Kobylagóra - see Marianna Urszula Psarska daughter of Fryderyk Jakub Psarski.

Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI had children:
A. Michał Walewski b. 1804, owner of Krześlow (see Wola PSZCZOLECKA), Kurow [close to Wola Pszczolecka], Wypychow, Podlesie, Dziuby, Stara Poczta,
B. Justyna b. 1807,
C. Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski b. 1795, owner of Parzymiechy + Maria or Marianna Radolińska daughter of Piotr RADOLINSKI and Tekla Lanckorońska,
with:
a). Piotr Ludwik Teodor Walewski b. 1822 in Parzymiechy,
b). Jadwiga Maria + 1850 to Henryk Stanisław Wojciech Lanckoroński.

Maria Radolinska b. 1795 m. Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski - owner of Pstrykonie / Pstrokonie, Krzeslow with Wola Pszczolecka, Kurow - Kiedrzynski; and Kurówka / KUROWEK 2 1/2 km north to KUROW, north-east to WYGIELZOW, 6 km north to KRZESLOW, 7 km west of ZELOW [compare WOLLOWICZ]; bought in 1818.

D. Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Woźniki, Świerzyna, Gorzuchów, Lisy + Natalia Kręska d. ca 1833, daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karśnicka.

Tymieniecka Tekla nee STOKOWSKA [m. 1st Kobiecki in Lobudzice] - inf. 1825; Tekla born ca 1812/1815, m. 2nd Antoni Tymieniecki born in 1805, of Wola Pszczólecka.
They were buried in Modlna, close to Zgierz, Ozorków and Sokolniki.
Lobudzice - 4 km south-east to ZELOW.
Antoni Tymieniecki d. 1882, and Tekla Stokowska Tymieniecka d. 1898. But we know only on Bogumił Antoni Tymieniecki b. 1824 in Burzenin, died in 1892 in Warsaw, m. Celina Celestyna Dobrowolska ?
BURZENIN - 9 km west to WIDAWA !

Note to
Kajetan Madalinski 1740-1784: he was the son of Aleksander MADALINSKI, 1690-1773, owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow close to Sieradz, who married in 1725 to Barbara Walknowska Walichnowska daughter of Ewa nee Kozuchowska.

Above mentioned Kajetan MADALINSKI 1740 - d. ca 1784, landlord of Raczkow and Upuszczow, m. before 1773 to Dorota Kiedrzynska (1740-1784) daughter of Andrzej KIEDRZYNSKI, and Franciszka nee Jackowska, 1 voto Wawrzyniec Grabinski (b. ca 1730) son of Stefan Grabinski, 2 voto
Tomasz Psarski, (1740-1770 ?) (b. 1807 ??), owner of Wola Dzierlinska;
with children:
1. Jakub Madalinski 1775 - 1833 m. Honorata Psarska 1770-1831 with daughter Pulcheria Anna Magdalena Madalinska m. to Józef Julian Kazimierz Kolumna-Walewski b. 1787;
2. mentioned Józef Wawrzyniec Kajetan Madalinski b. 1774, Captain, owner of Kraszyn, and Chodaki m. Julianna Bogdanska, 1 voto Jakub Kiedrzynski, d. 1809, with Kunegunda before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki.

Madalinski Aleksander owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow in the Sieradz county, m. in 1725 to Barbara Walknowska Walichnowska; Aleksander Madalinski [born ca 1690 - died before 1773] owner of Raczkow and Upuszczow close to Sieradz, was from BOBROWNIKI by PROSNA.
Son of Andrzej Madalinski born in 1650, in Bobrowniki, died in 1720, official of WIELUN; he married in 1690 to Marianna Grabianka, 1660 - 1721.

They had one son Aleksander Madalinski b. ca 1690.

Piotr Wierzbieta married Anna Domiechowska, in 1640 he sold Bobrowniki, Kolebki and Mieleszówka to Aleksander Madalinski oldest;

Mentioned Aleksander Madalinski, oldest, the son of Jan Aleksander and Niechmierowska, was an official of the royal court in 1636, in Wielun in 1652.

His son was Andrzej MADALINSKI of BOBROWNIKI, m. Marianna Grabianka, and he taken from Marcin Borzyslawski and Stanislaw Borzyslawski, in 1685, village Zarzecze and Debicza in the Ostrzeszow county.
His successors were the sons:
Andrzej and Franciszek [Bobrowniki, Hanobry, Kolebki];
Franciszek married twice: Petronela Doruchowska, then in 1728 to Julianna Zajdlicz. He died in 1738;
his son Ignacy (1707 - 1777), died in Bobrowniki;
in 1777 his brother JAN MADALINSKI inherited Bobrowniki, and he was also the guardian of the children of his cousin Kajetan MADALINSKI.

In Bobrowniki also lived sister of above Jan and Ignacy - Teresa. She died on January 4th, 1787 in KOLEBKI;

Jan's daughter, Katarzyna, on February 11, 1792, married in Bobrowniki to Ignacy Rominski;
in 1792 the son of JAN, that is Kazimierz was mentioned.

Named above Andrzej MADALINSKI was mentioned as a heir to Bobrowniki in 1741. His wife was Katarzyna Gaszynska. Their daughter, Anna Madalinska, married Maciej Belina, and since then, Bobrownik has been part of the Belina's family property.

We can say that the only top officer of the Madalinskis, born in Bobrowniki, was Captain Józef Kajetan Antoni Madalinski, born in 1774, died in 1809.

His father - Kajetan Madalinski, was the cousin of Ignacy and Jan Madalinski of Bobrowniki.
Kajetan Madalinski died in 1784, and left Józef, aged 10 years, under care of above Jan Madalinski.

WALICHNOWSKI and KARSY !

The Conspiracy in Saxony and in Poland in Summer 1793:

Dzialynski;
Kapostas;
Barss [in the Sieradz prov. in Sept 1793];
General Tadeusz Kosciuszko;
in Poland:
gen. Jozef Zajaczek in Warsaw;
Major Czyz [then in the Lublin prov.];
Franciszek Eliasz Aloe [Aloe and Walichnowski then come in Saxony to Kosciuszko and Ignacy Potocki];
Lieutenant Aleksander Walichnowski - August 1793 in LIPSK to meet Kosciuszko and Ignacy Potocki;
in Drezno - Kollataj;
Pawlikowski;
Rafal Kollataj [then in Sandomierz] + Kosciuszko [met also General Jozef Wodzicki] + general Zajaczek - September 1793 in Podgorze [then Zajaczek moved to Warsaw], to Franciszek Barss and Jozef Pawlikowski.
Jozef Januszewicz Prof. of the Cracow University;
Jan Maj from Cracow;
Lieutenant Aleksander Dziminski closest to Brigadier ANTONI MADALINSKI;
Brigadier Ludwig MANGET and
MP Stanislaw SOLTYK !

Walichnowski then moved to the Great Poland.

In August 1770 in Karsy, 13 km north-east to BIEGANIN, north-west to KALISZ, Kajetan Lipnicki married Bona Kiedrzynska.

Inf. in 1763 - Franciszek Kozuchowski was the owner of Karsy; an official in KALISZ. Franciszek Kozuchowski was the husband of Marjanna Walichnowska nee BIELINSKA. In 1750, Marianna Walichnowska nee Bielinska took the wedding.

In 1763, in Pikart / PIEKART: Karol Franciszek Salezy Jan Chryzostom Dobruchowski was born; godparents: Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marianna Walichnowska - Kozuchowski, and Marianna Chlebowska with Ignacy Chlebowski.

In 1762, in the Karsy manor, Juljanna Michalina Kozuchowska was born, daughter of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Kozuchowskich; witnesses: Jan Krosnowski and Krystyna Walichnowska.

In 1770 in Grudzielec close to Sobotka, Gutow and 5 km north-east to BIEGANIN [see Kiedrzynski], south-east to Dobrzyca; Marjanna, was born, daughter of Tomasz Bystrzycki, a manager of the estate, and Marjanna Bystrzycka.
In 1770, 1772 in Sobotka Wielka, 4 south-west to KARSY, inf. on childrens of Andrzej Bogdanski and Elzbieta Bogdanska.
In 1763 in Gutów, south to KARSY, inf. on Franciszka Kozuchowska married Przespolewska of Droszew.

In Sobotka in 1763, was born son of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Walichnowska; and inf. on Krystyna Potocka married Walichnowska; but we know:
Augustyn Wierusz-Walknowski b. ca 1760, the son of Józef Walknowski and Krystyna Potocka.

Franciszek Kozuchowski was the owner of Karsy, Wierchoslaw / Wierzchoslaw, Bobry, Ciechel, Grudzielec, Magnuszewice.
Inf. in Sobotka, in 1766; in the Karsy manor, Elzbieta Longina KOZUCHOWSKA, was born, daughter of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Wierusz Walichnowska; witness: Longina Zychlinska.
The Gutów estate was owned by Malczewski ca 1780; near to Sobotka.
In Sobotka in 1779: Marjanna was born, a daughter of Antoni Wardenski and Ludwika Kiedrzynska m. Wardenska; godparents: Kasper Zakrzewski and Marjanna Bogdanska.

1781 in Sobotka, a daughter of Ludwik Bogdanski and Teresa Rozdrazewska - Bogdanska, was born; godfather Andrzej Bogdanski - grandfather of named above.

The Roman-Catholic parish in Sobotka named St. Michael the Archangel; in 1782 - Sobotka was owned by Bogdanski Ludwik and Teresa Bogdanska.
In Sobotka in 1783, inf. on grandparents: Franciszek Radolinski and Konstancja Gomolinska.

In 1787, the Sobotka manor, here Stanislaw Jan Kiedrzynski was bpt. - son of Jakub KIEDRZYNSKI and Juljanna Kiedrzynska nee BOGDANSKA; Jakub Kiedrzynski was the owner of Orpiszewek [9 km west to PLESZEW].
Godparents: Michal Bogdanski and Salomea - the parents of named Julianna Kiedrzynski.
See: in 1782 - Sobotka was owned by Bogdanski Ludwik and Teresa Bogdanska.

In Sobotka in 1788, bpt.; but was born in the Karsy manor: Marjanna Teodora Wincencja Józefa BILEWICZ, daughter of Teodor BILEWICZ and Cecylja Kozuchowska - Bilewicz; he was official in Lojeck.
Godparents: Antoni Szkulski and Urszula Walknowska - Szkulska, owner of Szkudla; and Jan Nepomucen KOZUCHOWSKI and Juljanna Kozuchowski, owners of Karsy, Wierzchoslaw [Wierzchoslawice - ? - 17 km north-east to Inowroclaw], Czechel [7 km east to Sobotka].

1761, in Karsy, died Aleksander Kozuchowski.
Sobotka in 1774, Aleksy Bogdanski died.
1787 in Karsy, Franciszek Kozuchowski died, the owner of KARSY.

In Sobotka in 1783, Teodor Bilewicz younger, from Lithuania, official in Zmudz, m. Cecylja Kozuchowska; witnesses: Józef Gomolinski, official at the Royal Court, Antoni Szkulski, and Andrzej Kaczkowski; wedding was in KARSY.

Sobotka in 1779, bpt.; in Gutów in the Malczewski manor, was born Marjanna, daughter of Antoni Wardenski and Ludwika Kiedrzynska Wardenska; godparents: Kasper Zakrzewski and Marjanna Bogdanska.
In 1788, Antoni Szkulski owner of Szkudl; his friends - Jan Nepomucen Kozuchowski and Juljanna Kozuchowska - owners of Karsy, Wierzchoslaw, Czechel.
1751, Bartlomiej and Joanna Boguslawski, the owners of Sobotka.
1824, Kasper Wyssogota Zakrzewski died; the owner of Gutow; born in 1738.
1830, Józef Otto Trampczynski died; the owner of Karsy; buried in Kucharki; born in 1733 !
1790, Katarzyna Radolinska of Chorze died; owner of Karsy, buried in Kalisz.
1763, Stanislaw Kostka Dydak Aleksander Józef was born; son of Franciszek Kozuchowski and Marjanna Walichnowska; Walichnowska was the daughter of an owner of Karsy, Wierchoslaw, Bobry, Ciechel, Grudzielec, Magnuszewice.

1779, in Gutów manor, owned by Malczewski, Marjanna was born - the daughter of Antoni Wardenski and Ludwika Kiedrzynski - Wardenski; witnesses: Kasper Zakrzewski and Marjanna Bogdanska.

Gutów - 3 km south to Sobotka; 6 km north to Bedzieszyn; 5 km south to KARSY; 18 km west to KALISZ.

1801, in Karsy, Jan Kromer, the Prussian lieutenant, married Wiktorja Grudzielska. she was born 1755; witnesses: Józef Trampczynski owner of Karsy; Osinski owner of Czechel.

Mentioned above Teodor Billewicz / Bilewicz - the Confederate Marshal of the WILKOMIERZ county in 1764.
But we know on senior Teodor Bilewicz, the friend of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill.

Starygrod - 11 km north-west to Krotoszyn, the city.

Starygrod in 1686: Petronella Jadwiga, was born to Stanislaw Walichnowski and Dorota from Kuklinow.

Kozuchowski - compare the family of Trubecki - Kalinowski !

KARSY - here BILLEWICZ and BONA Kiedrzynska of KARSY - is situated in the Kalisz prov.; close to Goluchow - 8,5 km; near Pleszew - 14 km. Karsy - 2,5 km west to Kucharki, 5 km north-east to SOBOTKA; 8 km north to GUTOW; and south-west to GOLUCHOW.

Barszczewski

Adam the son of Wincenty and Jan the son of a.n. Adam 

Soroko

= Soroka, Saroka of Leliwa and Suchekomnaty arms in the Brest province and at a later date in Vilkmerge area, Dzisna  region since 1571; related to Bulhak noble family and Koziell house; some estates in the Trakai  district in 1607; Siberia  now 

Konstantynowicz

among others Bydgoszcz now 

Szostak

i.e. Sastakas with Dabrowa coat of arms and Tartars with Swan arms (they lived in the Lida and Vilna  districts, for example A.D. 1764, and also in the Svencionys district A.D. 1835, derived from Tartar Szostak according to  S. Dziadulewicz and verified in Minsk and Vicebsk); Stanislaw Szostak was from this family, person of the  same age what my grandfather, he learnt at the "Nikolai - Ingenieurschule" (the air section was here during the First world war) in Petersburg by November 1917, defender of the Winter Palace on  07  November 1917, colonel of armoured weapon 1944 - 1947. According to Dariusz Szostak of 2011: Stanislaw Szostak born 14 January 1898 in Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, baptized in church of Berezyna, died 11 February 1961, 1908 - 1915 school in Bobrujsk, 1915 / November 1917 in Petrograd, all summers in Miezonka, 1917 / 1918 1st Polish Corps in Bobruisk, on 15 November 1918 escaped from Miezonka together with Karol Zbieranowski and M. Andrzejak, to 03rd December 1918 in Ihumen / Cerven, 06 December 1918 Lapy near by Bialystok in Polish Army, together with Ludwik Andrzejak, Marian Andrzejak, Karol Zbieranowski; in Zambrow after served for Lithuanian-Belarussian Voluntary Division; jailed 29 October 1917 to 18 December 1917 in Petrograd. 1939 Grodno, major 1939, 1939 / 1940 Lithuania, 1940 / 1941 Soviet camps, 1941 / 1947 Polish Army of General Anders. Summer 1946 in UK.

A few interesting facts about families coming from Miezonka. Antoni Szostak / Anthony Szostak born ca 1830 in the Vicebsk government, since ca 1864 in Miezonka or maybe ca 1850 the Berezina parish, the Pogost / Pohost district, The Ihumen county. He bought ca 75 ha in Miezonka, because of the act of 1861 this area of nobility been subjected to enfranchisement, and not divided and allocated among peasants, he was nobleman.
His wife Anna / Ann Nieciejewska / Nieciejowska, born ca 1835 in Hrynice / Grenica, south-west of the Berezina, close to the river of Berezina. She was sister of Eugeniusz / Eugene Nieciejowski senior, was married ca 1860/1864 in Miezonka and here she was living. Anna Nieciejowska's / Nieciejewski brother: Eugene b. 1826 in Hrynice, the Berezina / or Berezino / Berazino parish, he was killed by soldiers of the Red Army close to Berezina in 1922, aged 96. Nobleman with the Poraj coat of arms. This arms was confirmed in 1836 in the Minsk government. His wife died before 1914.

And others Nieciejewski: 1863/1864 - Anthony Nieciejewski son of Peter Nieciejewski, Anthony son of Casimir Nieciejewski or Niecijewski; Jan and Michal Nieciowski. Shot by the NKVD in 1939 - 1941: Francis, son of Francis Nieciejewski (born 1901) living in Grodno; Jozef son of Francis, born in 1899, killed in Grodno; Kazimierz son of John Nieciejewski, lived in Pinsk?, born in 1915; Jozef son of Mikolaj Nieciejowski, b. 1902 killed in Grodno; Aurelia voto Nieciejewska, was born in 1913.

Acc. to Dunin, 1836 nobility with coat of arms Poraj, 1836 confirmed in the Minsk government. Piorunowy Most, Hrynica, Usochy in the Ihumen County, acc to Leszczyc of 1908/1913, Nieciecki only.

Children of above named Eugene Nieciejewski, brother of Anna Szostak: Maria married to Wladyslaw Szostak, Bronislaw Nieciejewski, Stanislaw and unknown son, born ca 1875/1880, in Hrynica maybe, his wife unknown name has two children Sophia and Eugene Nieciejewski junior, lived in Warsaw, the Dabrowski street. This wife b ca 1880, died in the 50' of the 20th cent. in Warsaw, were she was living since 1948. Above Bronislaw Nieciejewski, General of the Russian Army, b ca 1870 in Hrynica, co-operated with the Bolshevik groups before 1914, 'count', in 1917 in the Soviet Russia, August 1918 in the Red Army, a lecturer in military school in Moscow, killed in Moscow run over by a tram ca 1935, he known Stanislaw Szostak. Above Stanislaw Nieciejewski b ca 1872.

Children of Anthony Szostak (the Szostak family from the Vicebsk government, nobility) and Anna Nieciejewska: Faustina b. Miezonka, 1919 lived in Miezonka; Beata born in Miezonka, ca 1930 the Urals mountains, lived in Ufa, died here, she has children, husband Arthur Duszewski, Ural mountains exile, here died in Ufa; Wincenty Szostak / Vincent Szostak born in Miezonka, wife Maria; Maria nee Szostak, b in Miezonka, winter 1929/1930 exiled to Siberia, back from Siberia to..., husband Narcissus Soroko / Narcyz Soroka, born in Miezonka, 1929/1930 is exiled to Siberia, he was born ca 1865/1870; Mamert Szostak, born Miezonka, single, died during the exile road in winter 1929/1930; Pawel Szostak b. ca 1875, Miezonka, single, lived in Miezonka, after 1944 in Minsk, 1940 and 1944 letters to his family from Minsk, in July 1944 from Minsk escaped to a West but he died in unknown place, 1940/1941 near by Wladyslaw Szostak his brother; Wladyslaw Szostak, born 1864 in Miezonka, lived in Bobruisk / Bobruisk, owner of the mill in Miezonka, 1940 - 1941 in Minsk Lithuanian, with Pawel Szostak, 1942 - 1945 the Pruzany / Pruzenie area, Szamotuly 1945, after Wilkowo village west Poland, died in 1948 in Wilkowo close to Swiebodzin, Mr. Dariusz Szostak discovered his tomb in the 90's of the 20th century. wife of above Wladyslaw Szostak: Maria nee Nieciejewska; above the Duszewski family was living in Ufa in Russia. Alexander Szostak son of Vincent Szostak, b 1905 in Miezonka, 1921 Radom, Poland, Railway company, 1940/1944 Warsaw, in 70' of the 20th cent. often with visit in Koluszki Stare.

Three sons of Narcissus Soroko: one was doctor in Siberia, after 1956 with his next brother was still living in Siberia, Soroko third son, b 1900 known many inf. on Miezonka, three times in Koluszki old in 50' of the 20th century, in 1958 among others, ca 1959 was living in Warsaw very short. Stanislaw Szostak born 14 January 1898 in Miezonka or Bobruisk, son of Maria nee Nieciejewska, baptized in Berezina, 1908 - 1915 Bobruisk, 1915 Petrograd / Petrograd. Maria nee Szostak, b 1900 Bobruisk, lived in Hrynica, 1920 escaped to Czemioly, 1921 in Slonim, 1925 lived in Jeziornica, 1941 - escaped to Pruzany, 1942-1945 close to Pruzany in the Prussia at this time, 1945 Wilkowo close to Swiebodzin, single, 1960 Czeremchy close to Bialystok, 1970 with visit in Miezonka and at Minsk Belarus, teacher, in the 70' known next of kin Georgians, lived in Bialystok, died in 1984 in Bialystok. Jan / John Szostak born 10 January 1905 in Svislach, lived in Bobruisk during the First World War, baptized in Svislach 30 January 1905, in 1918 with brother Stanislaw in Bobruisk, 1925 back to Poland, lived in Slonim, 1928 Lodz, 1996 spring I was talking with him, "Stanislaw Konstantynowicz was like close family" said to me, died November 1996 in Lodz, and his wife died in 1996. Alexander Szostak b Miezonka 1906, July 1920 escaped to Poland, complited the University of Vilnius, friend of Stefan Jedrychowski, close to Raczkiewicz, 1939 POW in the Soviet Union, Warsaw, married to Maria, 1940/1944 in Koluszki old, June 1944 Sulejow, with Zdzislaw Zbieranowski, 1943 letters to Jeziornica, 25 January 1945 with John Szostak and Zdzislaw Zbieranowski, 1945/1949 was working in Lodz, Warsaw after, died in 1968 in Warsaw. Among others Lodz now  

Witkowski

= Vitovsky of 1860; among other things: Antoni and Wincenty the sons of Mikolaj and Jan who was  son of Franciszek, in period of the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864 

Malkiewicz

they had relatives in Paluse i.e. Pluszcze; information of 1958 according to Narcyz Soroko from  Siberia; among others Lodz now 

Zbieranowski

one from them, Mr. Aleksander Zbieranowski was convicted during "shahtynski"  lawsuit of 1928 - he was radio engineer and the specialist - expert of a radio valves after completion of the Polytechnic of Berlin in 1914; other - Wladyslaw Zbieranowski  was  courier of the Polish Military Organization at the district of Babrujsk A.D. 1918.

The Zbieranowski family was living in Лясковичи / Ляскавічы / Liaskavichi / Laskowicze, ca 28 km south-east of Prusy, close to Albinsk, Choromcy, Zabolotse, south of Glusk / Mogilev Province, Belarus; south of Dokol; south of Simanavichi, where was a property of Bulhak (Dzierzynska Aldona, Jerzy Bulhak). Zawoloczyce is located south-east of Simonovichi, ca 2 km, and west of Glusha, north of Liaskavichi ca 45 km.


Julian Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski Kojallowicz Bulhak at the Bobruisk region 		Properties of the Bulhak family in the Minsk province and others regions:
Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
Zawołoczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village. Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi; 1890, the estate Bluza / Блужа-Городно close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south-east of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937. Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861 and Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867 - Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи. Матевичи / Мацевичи / Matewitschi / Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy (inf. about location above), and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze.
Budzilowka / Будзиловка in the Беломльская волость / Bielomlskaja volost; Zabrodok / Забродок and Beresniewka / Бересневка to the Bulhak family / Булгак. Беломльская волость was in the Berezina parish / Березинский church. Biegoml / Bjagolm is north of Borisow. But Бересневка is also in the Боровицкий сельсовет, the Kirov district / Кировский район - south of Kliczew; Krasny Brzeg south of Dobosnia / Dobysna - the Bulhak family property. Кухтичи close to Uzda, west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Булгак Степан Степанович b. 1893 in Луки / Luki close to Stolbce; d. after 1933. Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi. Борки - Borki close to Sbyschi / Zbyszyn of Brujewicz and close to Tschigirinka of Bulgak / Bulhak family, close to Kolbowa. Булгак Иван Цезарович b. 1907 in Borki / Борки, Бобруйского р-на; Булгак Эдуард Владимирович b. 1907 in Stankow / Станково, the Дзержинский / Dzierzynski region.
Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966. Aldona Dzierżyński, oldest sister of Feliks Dzierzynski, 1892 married to Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak (died 1908). Her son Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898 (or he was baptized in Zawoloczyce - Bulhak estate was near by this chapel in the Marina Gorka region); married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar / Cezary and Mary nee Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudski. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).

Details of the Bulhak family and Dzierzynski: BULHAK, J., Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk. 1793 - Itel, called also Itol, was a village in Rechitsa District of Minsk Province, owned by Bulhak noble family. Acc. to map of Louis Antoine, Rue des noyers, 70 in Paris, and a German map of March 1943: village Zadoboszenie that is Beresniewka, close to Itol / Itel, south of Borki of 'Nadberezynce' and Gresznera village; Shilitschi = Zylicze, Beresniewka = Beresnewka, Czyhyrinka = Tschigirinka, Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family = Sbyschin. Since 1801 - Itel was a village in Bobruisk District of Minsk Empire, owned by Bulhak noble family. In 1833, Jewish families rented the land from the Itel owner nobleman Bulhak and moved there. Dobosna river was the main road for local habitants. 40 km to Bobruisk. Zhylіchy / Zhilichi / Жиличи (Добосна / Dobosna), Кировский район - the Kirov district of Mogilev region; palace and park owned Bulhak family at the end of XVIII (E. Bulhak); it was built by Ignacy Bulhak / Ignatius Bulchak in the 30s of the XIX century; Ignatius Bulhak in the War of 1812 fought with the troops of Napoleon. East of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna and Borki - west, Pawlowiczi, Bortniki, Parchimkawiczi, Kopaczewka. In Bobrujsk - land marshal Ignacy Bułhak ca. 1788 died ca. 1838.
Żylicze, Zhyliczy, Dabosnia / Dubośnia / Жиличи or Добосна / Dobośnia / Dubośna / Добасна - a village over the river of the same name. East of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna and west of Borki, close to Pawlowiczi, Bortniki, Parchimkawiczi, Kopaczewka; west of Tichiniczi. South-east of Kirowsk and Leszczenka. Owners: Gliński and Radziwills erected their residences; from the early nineteenth century to the Bolshevik Revolution was the manor house of Bulhak (Ignacy Bulhak, Edgar Bułhak and the last owner was Emanuel Bułhak) with a large palace in the classical style. In 1918, after the liquidation of Polish Corps and leaving these areas by the German army, the palace (the most beautiful Polish eastern borderlands) was ransacked, demolished, and finally burned by the local population, or by Bolshevik forces of Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Similar was an eclectic palace of Koziełł - Poklewski in Krasny Brzeg; built between 1890-1893 and designed by Eugene Szretter. Driving along the river Dobośna we got to the palace of Bulhak in Żylicze (it was to ca 2000); before World War I photographed the property of Dobośna Jan Bułhak. After World War I Dobośna was in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The last owner Dobośna - Emanuel Bulhak not admitted to the relationship with the famous photographer Jan Bulhak, considered himself a better branch of the family, using the title prince.

Bułhak Alexander (in the Slonim district, Siergiejewicze), with Andrzej Bułhak (Dobrzymol) and Jozefat Bulhak (Mołczad). 1930 in the Polesie and Volhynia: Bułhak Mikołaj - Sobiczyn, Bułhak Stefan - Siechnowicze, Bułhak Stefan - Żerdziki. Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. 1762-1763 Franciszek Bułhak SJ, catholic priest. Bułhak Helena wife of Aleksander / Alexander Bulhak, her son Karol and Andrzej were livinig in Michałów close to Stołowicze, in the Nowodródek province. Bułhak Witold owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. Inf. on Bułhak Gabriel, office clark in 1793 and 1810. Bułhak Leon, office clark, 1809, Bułhak Jan, in 1787. Gabriel Bułhak with Syrokomla coat of arms, born ca 1750, married in 1790, child: Ignacy Bulhak, the marshal of Bobrujsk, (Ignacy Bułhak / Ignatius Bulhak in the War of 1812 fought with the troops of Napoleon; was living east of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna; the land marshal in Bobruisk; born ca. 1788 died ca. 1838. See: Baron Grigory V. Rosen (1782-1841), Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, General of Infantry, Adjutant General in 1818. Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801) his grandson married to Zofia b. ca 1830. Józef Bułhak ca 1840. Emmanuel de Bulhac / Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865, d. 1943, the Syrokomla coat of arms, duke, philosopher. He was son of Józef Bułhak and Antonina nee Malinowski. Owner of Czehrynka and Dobośnia. After death of dad and uncles (Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow, and south-east of Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family and Borki of 'Nadberezyncy' book by Czarnyszewicz Florian), he taken Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Tchegrinka / Czehrynka through Tchechevitche, government of Minsk / Czehrynka, the Byhow district, Ozierany parish. Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak was also owner of Bereśniówka / Bieresniowka, south-west of above Czehrynka / Czyhirinka, close to Sieliba, Niehowla, north of Dobysnia; near by Dobosna river / or Dobysna river, south-east of Miezonka of Konstantynowicz.
Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski, b. 1900, d. 1972; parents: Czesław Jelski and Helena Moniuszko 1875-1946; grandparents: Józef Jelski 1830-1879 with Cecylia Wołłowicz (her father Eustachy Wołłowicz 1797) and Donat Moniuszko with Izabela Bułhak - Syrokomla (her parents: Józef Bułhak ca 1840 and Antonina Malinowska ca 1830; Izabela was sister of Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865); Emanuel Bułhak m. Józefa Hutten-Czapski with daughter Izabella and Emanuel Bułhak adopted Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski and Władysław Bułhak). Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865, duke, son of Józef Bułhak and Antonina Malinowski; Czehrynka and Dobośnia owner. Zofia Bułhak b. 1830, grandaughter of Ignacy Bulhak, marshal of Bobruisk. Married in 1860 to Henryk Wołłowicz b. ca 1820. Izabela Bułhak b. ca 1900 died 1930, was daughter of Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943 and Józefa Hutten-Czapska-Potulicka; parents of Emanuel Bulhak: Józef Bułhak b. ca 1840 and above named Antonina Malinowska b. ca 1830.
We know about Bułhak Teofila nee Wendorff. Wincenty, son of Stanisław Wincenty Michał Bulhak, 1807-09 office in Mozyr district. His wife Dubrawska / Dabrowska; relatives of Emanuel Bułhak.

Ignacy Bulhak, his children: Эдгар Игнатьевич Булгак / Edgar Ignatievich Bulgak / Bulhak (inf. of 1905, Rohaczewski ujezd / Рогачевски уезд in the Moghilev government, owned Добосна / Dobosna and Skripnica / Скрипица in the Качеричска volost); Zofia Bułhak ca 1830 + Henryk Wołłowicz born ca 1820 (Józef Wołłowicz ca 1860); Józef Bułhak b. ca 1840 + Antonina Malinowska ca 1830 (Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943, Izabela Bułhak ca 1870).

Edgar Bułhak 1848-1922 with relatives: Gabriel Bułhak, Józef Ślizień; Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943 + 1890 Józefa Hutten-Czapska-Potulicka from Stanisław Hutten-Czapski 1860-1922 and Jadwiga Maria Emilia Potulicka. Next of kin Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski 1900-1972, Donat Moniuszko ca 1850; Eliza Moniuszko, Helena Moniuszko; Ignacy Bułhak / Bulgakov Ignat: from Dobośnia, also called Żylicz. At the end of the eighteenth century Dobośnia was bought by Bulhak, the construction of the huge neoclassical palace began around 1825 by Ignacy / Ignatius Bulhak, marshal of the nobility of the Bobruisk county. Ignacy Bulgak / Bulhak was born approximately 1786 / 1788, d. 1848; from the Minsk government; he was son of Gabriel Bulhak, cavalry captain in 1784, Lida, a nobleman (Gabriel Bułhak was born ca 1750 or ca. 1754 and died ca. 1799; in Lida district or the Asmjany district?) and Fortunata Bułhak. He had four siblings: Jozef Bulhak / Joseph (1786-1865) and three unknown sisters; studied philosophy in 1810-1812 , Dorpat in Livonia. He was honorary curator of the school Bobrujsk area and marshal of Bobruisk in 1809-1825, a Knight of the Order of St. Anna 2nd class. Known as the benefactor of education, especially school of Bobrujsk, was twice married: Isabella Clara Ślizień / Izabella Klara Ślizień (1810-1834) in 1828 and to her sister Teresa nee Slizien (relatives: Michael Ślizień born about 1725, marshal of the nobility area of Borysow; owner in the Slonim area of Bohuszewicze; Joseph Ślizień born about 1760 died 1856, Mściże owner, the marshal of the nobility area of Borysow; Wilhelmina de Liebe, Antoinette Oborska, Teresa Ślizień born about 1790). From the first he had two children: Joseph Witold (1829-1892), a graduate of the University, and Sophia (1832-1881), from the other wife, was seven children: Oskar; Olgierd (1845-1871); Henry; Edgar (1848 - 1923); Isabella (born 1879); Wanda and Adela. He founded the ancestral residence in Dobośnia, in 1825; most of the goods in the Rohaczew district. Bułhak Edgar from Doboszna, gub. mohilow, bought 'Polish Armorial' of Boniecki.

1870 in the Minsk government, Sluck district, the Lanska area - Kosmowicze; Kosmowicze / Kosmowiczi - close to Pukielevshcina, Bychovshcina, Tshanovici, north of Kleck, south of Niezviz / Nieswiez, near by Osmolowo, Lan, Leonowiczi.

Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Jelnica and Szabany, south-east of Minsk or Nowy Dwor close to Sluck!? And his grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670, m. to Marianna Imielinski; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966, acc. to http://www.geni.com/people/. Her son Antoni Bulhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873. She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867. Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski. The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bulhak b. 1895. Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierzynska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.

The Dzierzynski or Derzinskis house of Sulima arms was verified in Minsk 1819; a poorer members were administrators in the Wankowicz house; others were related to Bulhak family and held Pietrylowicze farm in the Asmjany district in 1838, also Podgaj farm in Barysau district at the end of the 19th century.

In Bobruisk church: 1889, was baptized Henryka Wolska (she was born 1887 in Bobruisk / Bobrujsk), from nobility, her parents Henryk Wolski and Ludwika Maria nee Dzierzynska, Wolska (Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski from Zerdz, ujezd Rzeczyce). Witnesses Urszula Imbrowa and Ryszard Wolski. 1889 was died Henryk Wolski, in Bobruisk, his parents: Henryk Wolski and Ludwika nee Dzierzynska. Iosif / Jozef Dzierzynski was born 1879 in Michaliszki / Михалишки, baptized 1889 in Bobruisk / Bobrujsk stronghold, his parents: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierzynski, and Koleta nee Lozowska (Colette / Nicoleta / Koleta Lozovskaya Dzerzhinska / Nikoleta Lozowska Dzierzynska), Dzierzynska. Nobility from the Minsk government. Witnesses Karol Kuczynski and Ludwika Wolska wife of Henryk Wolski. Above Dzierżyński Ryszard Edward Wincenty was born in 1817. His first wife (?) Ostrowska Colette and second wife - Koleta nee Lozowska, Dzierzynska.

About above named Zerdz village:
Zerdzia / Жэрдзь / Zerda or Zerdz / Жерда / Жердь, owners: (1889) Jozefa Fenska / Юзефа Людвиговна Фенская, Marina nee Korsak / Марина Флорианова Корсак m. Wolska / Вольскa daughter of Florian Korsak (1876) and Tеофильa Флориановa Фенскa / Teofila Fenska; next Jan Jasztold-Howorko / Иван Яштольд-Говорко, with his daughters: Maria Goworko / Howorko and Natalia Goworko; Bildziukiewicz / Бильдзюкевич Леонид and Antoni Kisiel-Dorohinicki / Кисель-Дорогиницкий (in 1905 here was born his son). The village was situated in the Homel oblast / Гомельская обл. close to Sosnowoborsk / Сосновоборск, before 1917 in the Minsk province / Минская губ., the Rzeczyce county / Речицкий у., Karpowicze area / Карповичская вол.; here were living the Rudzinski family / Рудинский. Zerda (Кремены and Староселье) was land of Konstanty Jasztold-Howorko son of Jan / Константин Яштольд-Говорко, Александр Викторов Бильдзюкевич / Aleksander Bildziukiewicz (1904 - to 1910; 1908); and part of this village to Mikolaj Pietrunkin / Николай Георгиевич Петрунькин (before 1914). In Zerda was born Александр Дорогиницкий / Aleksander Dorohinicki; also Korsak family / Корсаки, Wolski / Вольские and Fenski / Фенские. Zerdz located ca 12 km south-west of Swietlogorsk / Светлогорск.

Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788;

her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879, Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859, Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. 1829 or (?) on 15 May 1838, died in 1882.

Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

In 1830 in Kamiensk or Kamien close to Oziemblowo (Jozef Dzierzynski and Antonina nee Oziemblowska, Dzierzynska were grandparents of Feliks Edmundowicz Dzierzynski), baptized daughter of Ignacy Giedroyc, witnesses: Tomasz Wasilewski and Antonina Dzierzynska. 1850, Kamien, baptized Klara Tarnolicka, by Wincenty Dzierzynski. 1856, Kamien, beptized Zygmunt Julian Obricki / Obrycki, son of Kazimierz Obrycki and Jozefa nee Dzierzynska, Obrycka. From Slobodka, Bielorucka volost, the Minsk government.

Wanda Schonthaller-Dzierzynska 1920-2011 - daughter of Major Dzierzynski.

And about Jozef Oziemblowski / Ozieblowski + Aniela Zdrojewska: children - Boleslaw Ozieblowski, Michal, Maria Moszynski, Stefania. Dieriewno / Derevno located close to Ozemlovo / Ozemblovschizna. A church in Dieriewno / Derevno - there was baptized Feliks Dzierzynski / Felix Dzierzynski and buried his father Edmund Rufin Dzierzynski, his sister Wanda, his brother Stanislaus d. in 1917. Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierzynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska.

Others: Dzierzynski Witold, 1887-19.XI.1892. Krzywiec nee Zyromski, Aleksandra, 1828. Pilar von Pilchau nee Bielawski, Marja / Maria Bielawska.

Anthony George Bulhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bulhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawoloczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius. Above named Zawoloczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village, like Chromce (near Bobruisk).

Zawoloczyce that is Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.

Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz died 1884; daughter Zofia Zula Pilsudski Kadenacy, b. 1865, d. 1935; her husband Boleslaw Kadenacy died 1918; his son Czeslaw Kadenacy, b. 1896, grandson Tadeusz. Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz has 12 children, among others Helena Pilsudski b. 1864 d. 1917, Zofia Kadenac b. 1865 + Boleslaw Kadenac, Bronislaw Pilsudski, Józef Pilsudski, Adam Pilsudski b. 1869, Kazimierz Pilsudski, Maria Juchniewiczowa b. 1873 + Cezary Juchniewicz, Jan Pilsudski, Ludwika Majewska b. 1879 + Leon Majewski, Kacper Pilsudski b. 1881, Piotr Pilsudski, Teodora Pilsudska, Piotr.

Above Antoni Bulhak (Antoni Jerzy Bulhak, son of Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak, and Aldona nee Dzierzynska, his brother Rudolf Kojallowicz; his wife nee Juchniewicz), b. 1898.
Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788; her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879, Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859, Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. 1829 or (?) on 15 May 1838, died in 1882. Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).


Aleksander Zbieranowski born 1895, in Miezonka, son of Jan, wife Jozefa b. 1905 - daughter of Michal, lived in Kirylucha close to Rozyszcze in Volhynia before 1939, children: Danuta, Jan, Ryszard, Zygmunt.

Next Aleksander Zbieranowski born ca 1890 in Miezonka, son of Wiktoria nee Konstantynowicz - she died after 1940 in Omsk, and Antoni Zbieranowski b. 1869, d. 1914 in Miezonka; Wiktoria Zbieranowska lived in Soviet Union after 1917, and 1929/1930 exiled to Siberia, Omsk; married to Antoni Zbieranowski ca 1890.

Above named Aleksander Zbieranowski born ca 1890 - completed the Moscow Technical University, an electricity division, after college in Bobruisk; next the Berlin Technical University before 1914, an radio faculty; he was working for Dutch Company Phillips. He taken Karol Zbieranowski to Moscow in 1914. He was in love to Letitia Bowler before 1917 in Moscow, but she escaped from Moscow to Miezonka in November 1917 with Karol Zbieranowski.

A note at margin:

We know on Norman Bowler James b. 1889 d. 1965 - husband of Ethel May Yardley: Ethel May Yardley b. 1897 - daughter of Edward Alfred Yardley and Susan Elizabeth. And about descendants of William Bowler who was born in Mansfield Woodhouse. His son FRANCIS BOLER, d. 14 Nov 1671, Pleasley, near by Mansfield. And JOSEPH BOWLER was born 27 Oct 1838 in Mansfield / Woodhouse, and died 1918. He married LETITIA in Dublin. She was born 1848. 2nd he married MARY ANN WHITE in 1859 in Mansfield Woodhouse.

Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, 15 km south-east of Stevenage. Miss Letitia Bowler born ca 1890 was changed for somebody and has come home to Ware, Herts - says The Daily Mail. Miss Letitia Bowler was sentenced to death by the Bolsheviks. Miss Bowler had many other novel experiences (1910-1921). She dined with the ex-Kaiser at Wurtemburg in 1909 (she aged ca 19 ?), played blind man's buff with the Emperor Francis Joseph at Budapest in 1911, and was the only European among 3.000 women presented to Albdul Medjed after the great fast at Constantinople in 1912. She was acquainted with the Austrian Archduke Franz Fredinand, whose murder caused the war, and from the palace of the son of the Sultan Abdul Aziz at Constantinople she heard the first shot fired in the Dardanelles. She was captured by the Bolsheviks while a nurse with the Polish Army (March 1919 ? - April 1920).

Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg / Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph von Württemberg, b. 1865 was an important German military leader in World War I and head of the Royal House of Württemberg from 1921. Albrecht was born in Vienna as the eldest child of Duke Philipp of Württemberg and his wife Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen / Cieszyn.

Albrecht was married in Vienna in 1893 to Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria, a daughter of Archduke Carl Ludwig. They had seven children, 1st was Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg (1893-1975). Philipp Albrecht / George Philipp Albrecht Carl Maria Joseph Ludwig Hubertus Stanislaus Leopold Herzog von Württemberg, b. 1893, first married to

Archduchess Helena of Austria, Princess of Tuscany born 1903 in Linz; daughter of Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria and Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, daughter of

Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta. Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta b. 1841 was the third son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.

He was pretender to the throne of the Two Sicilies; Born in Caserta, Alfonso became the third-in-line heir. Caserta this is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. Caserta is located 40 kilometres north of Naples. Its municipality borders with Capua, Casagiove, and Santa Maria Capua Vetere and Valle di Maddaloni.

Kaiser Franz Joseph I and King Wilhelm II von Württemberg met on 31.08.1909 in Württemberg.

Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies / Princess Maria Carolina Giuseppina Ferdinanda of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, b. 1856, Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, d. 1941, Warsaw, by her marriage to Polish nobleman Count

Andrzej Przemysław Zamoyski;

she was third-eldest daughter of Prince Francis of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani and his wife Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria, Princess of Tuscany.

Above Francis of the Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani b. 1827 Naples, d. 1892, was the youngest son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain; Count of Trapani; his brother

Ferdinand II / Ferdinando Carlo, b. 1810, King of the Two Sicilies from 1830, died 1859 in Caserta Palace -

his son Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (1841 - 1934) was the third son of Maria Theresa of Austria and was pretender to the throne of the Two Sicilies. Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta had son Prince Ranieri of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Castro (1883 - 1973) who married to Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska, daughter of Andrzej Przemysław Zamoyski, with two children.

Above Ranieri, Duke of Castro was born in Cannes, France, son of Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta and Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1851 - 1938). Ranieri for a time served in the Royal Spanish Army.

Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska b. 1896, Cracow, d. 1968, Marseille, France, the wife of Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro, she was a daughter of Andrzej Przemysław Zamoyski, and his wife Princess Maria Carolina (Maria Carolina Giuseppina Ferdinanda di Borbone, Principessa delle Due Sicilie b. 1856, Naples, d. 1941, Warsaw) of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

Note again:

Now Martin G. Bowler is living at an address in Ware; Brenda Bowler, Tim Bowler, Bowler Richard from Ware, Hertfordshire, and Susan Bowler of Watford. Jane Bowler, b. Iver, Buckinghamshire, in 1871 a charwoman, d. Iver, Buckinghamshire, in 1886.

Letitia Bowler was wife of Juliusz Gezehle from Lodz after 1927. Aleksander Zbieranowski was with visit in Miezonka ca 1927/28.

Bowler L., 'An Englishwoman's Experiences in Bolshevik Prisons', "Blackwood's Magazine", No 210, 1921, pp. 707-733: the author, a teacher with a Polish family at the time of the revolutions, tells the tale of her arrest, along with a number of Poles, during the Soviet-Polish war and of her appalling experiences in a series of prisons and camps, where she narrowly escaped execution. Acc. to 'The Russian Revolution and Civil War...', by Jonathan Smele.

Copyright by http://hurryupharry.org/. From the Vaults: Blackwood's Magazine, December 1921. Michael Ezra, in 2010:

"...L. Bowler was an Englishwoman who travelled to Russia in 1914. She had lived in one village (Miezonka) which the Bolsheviks ultimately decided to set on fire (Nov. 1918) and make the villagers homeless. Because she had some things left in the village she joined an expedition to bring relief to the villagers. This ultimately led to her arrest. She was convinced that the only reason that she was not shot was because she was an Englishwoman. Had she been a Russian, she would have suffered the same fate as countless Russians at the hands of the Bolsheviks, a lethal bullet. Subsequent to pressure on the Russians to release British prisoners, not least from Lord Curzon, the Foreign Secretary under David Lloyd George, she was released from the hellish Bolsheviks prisons. Bowler recounted her experiences in a 27 page essay published in 1921 in Blackwoood's Magazine. The extract I copy below is from the concluding section:

AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S EXPERIENCES IN BOLSHEVIK PRISONS, L. BOWLER, BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, No. MCCLXXIV, VOL. CCX, DECEMBER 1921, pp.707-733. I have seen Bolshevism from its genesis until November 1920. ... I have lived there six and a half years under the Czar and with the Bolsheviks. I know the language, and have the experience necessary to make comparisons... The greater part of the population loathes the Soviet Government, to which it is in abject slavery. The Russians only dissemble loyalty in order to escape arrest. Most of the people do not care who rules - the Whites or the Reds...".

No. MCCLXXIV, 1921, AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S EXPEEIENCES IN BOLSHEVIK... BY L. BOWLER. "I went to Russia in July 1914 to take a post as ... with a Polish lady. On the outbreak of war I wished to return to Vienna, but as the Woloczysk Bridge was blown up, all connection with Austria was, for me, at an end. I determined therefore to take a position as teacher in another family, but as the Germans were advancing, left them in July 1915 for Moscow (the Armand family home?).

On 2nd March 1917 the revolution began, all the police were arrested, and the prisons thrown open. ... I was determined to see it fall, and in spite of the danger of being shot at any moment, I lived in Moscow till March 1919 (to November 1917!), when I was forced to leave through lack of food. Accordingly I went to a little Polish village in White Eussia (with Andrzejak, Zbieranowski to Miezonka in Belarus), where I had some acquaintances (Konstantynowicz and Malkiewicz). When the Poles advanced I managed, with great difficulty, to escape over the frontier to Beresina (Berezyna in November 1918), where I took a position as head-mistress in a Polish higher-grade school, held in Count Potocki's palace. After the failure of the Bolsheviks to recapture Beresina (August 1919), they took up their headquarters about forty versts distant. I was very anxious about my friends (Karol Zbieranowski, Jerzy vel Marian Konstantynowicz, Szostak were living in Miezonka) in Miezonka. The Bolsheviks had taken everything from them. We did not want for anything on the front, and it grieved me very much that I was powerless to aid them (she was sick in 1918!). They suffered especially from want of salt. I did not taste salt once during the eight months I spent at Miezonka (in 1918). One could not buy it for any money at that time. Suddenly one day the news was brought to us that the Bolsheviks had destroyed the village of Miezonka by fire, and that the villagers were homeless. Although the Poles had never trespassed farther than twenty versts on the Red territory, our Commander, a very intrepid young man, resolved to make an expedition to Miezonka, and to bring the villagers back to Beresina / Berezyna (April 1920). As I had left several boxes there, I was most anxious to join this relief expedition. The Commander tried to dissuade me, but I was firm in my resolution. He lent me the uniform of a Poznanski soldier, so that in case of a rencontre with the Bolsheviks, I should not be conspicuous in female garb. I did not fancy myself as a soldier at all, but it was certainly the most practical form of dress for the journey we subsequently made. Fifteen minutes before our departure a soldier was sent to inform me that I must be ready, and bound me to the strictest secrecy.

Accordingly, at 11 P.M. on 31st March 1920, I started out on the journey which proved to be the means of mining my whole career, undermining my health, and, in fact, upsetting my whole life. I think I have been endowed with more than my share of love for adventure, but I believe if I could have foreseen what would be the sequence, I should have allowed prudence to guide me. We were a party of 120, and the soldiers sang gaily as we rowed across the river. Arrived on the other side, they formed fours, and then the Commander made a nice little speech. He exhorted the men to bear in mind they were going to rescue unfortunate people from the excruciating torments they were subjected to at the hands of the Bolsheviks, and that in case of an encounter with the latter they must not shoot unless in self-defence. ... The men marched all night, and told one another tales of similar expeditions they had made... After a few minutes' walk we came to a forester's house in the wood, and heard that some Magyars had been there, but hearing our voices, when we were trying to get out of the bog, they took flight. If they had only been courageous enough to come to us when we were in that critical condition, not one of us would have been alive today to tell the tale. We went very cautiously through the woods, until we came out on the village road. Here we were entirely surrounded by woods. We had only gone twenty five 'viorsts' of our journey, and had ten viorsts to walk to complete it... One of our soldiers fired a rocket. At the same moment we espied six mounted Magyars in the distance, emerging from a wood. ... and I retreated with my wounded warrior to a secluded part of the wood. On the way we met another seriously wounded soldier ... I was wounded also in the heels with shrapnel splinters, but I had no time to think about it. ... to take the two wounded soldiers back to Beresina, although the prospect of going through the terrible bog again was not enticing. However, the Bolsheviks soon settled my fears on that score. We had only gone a short distance when we realised the woods were simply teeming with Bolsheviks. ... They immediately asked me what rank I held in the army. On hearing that I was not a soldier, they said: Well, you belong to the cursed race, and therefore must die... that I was an Englishwoman, ... they declared that I deserved a double dose of bullets on that account... I was taking to my friends in Miezonka. They wanted to divest me of my uniform, which was quite new, and would have been a great acquisition to one of them. We were hurried off quickly to another village, because, knowing how daring the Poznanski soldiers are, although they were 120 against 500 Bolsheviks, the latter felt sure they would be conquered, as they in reality were subsequently. We were taken to the village of Koslovsk
(Koslovsk / Kozlov Bereg / Koslovyj Bereg / Kozlowyj Bierieh - north-west of Miezonka a few kilometers),
where another party of soldiers gathered round us and exulted over their great defeat of the Poles and English. ... had searched my boxes in Miezonka, but fortunately they did not appear to recognise me. They informed us that we were the only survivors of our party of 120, all the rest having been annihilated by them, and that we should feel particularly grateful to them that they had not killed us... village, Koritzina
(Koritzina / Korytniza north of Miezonka several kilometers / Korytnica),
... were moved to a different place, ... April (1920) ... in the
town of Mogilev.
... Easter Sunday, ... at the Chay-Ka Prison... among 100 Polish military prisoners. It was, like all the bases, a terribly dirty place. Many of the prisoners escaped ... From Novi Zubkoff I was taken to the base at Moscow. This was a perfectly impossible place for women. We were not allowed to be one second alone on any pretence whatsoever. ... From the base I was taken to Novi Peskoffski Concentration Camp. There I met people Poles asunder in every way members of the noblest families in Russia ... So I was taken to Sokolniki Hospital, a splendid place for contagious illnesses, just outside Moscow. ... At that time the British Labour Delegation was in Moscow. Continually enthusiastic reports of speeches made by them were brought to me to read. ... returned to the camp again, but a week after my return I was sent to the Extraordinary Commission. ... The next day I was sent with an escort of four guards back to the town of Mogilev. No one was allowed to speak to me in the train, consequently every one had the impression that I must be some dangerous murderess or infamous criminal of some sort. I was taken to the prison of the Sixteenth Army, and occupied a tiny room with twenty five thieves and street-girls. ... I had been three days in Mogilev when I was called before this man. He began by showing me my passport, a few snapshots I had taken of peasants at different times, and the money I had - left in my room at Beresina, all of which I identified as my own property. Then he handed me a photo of a village taken from an aeroplane, and asked me what that was. ... I was supposed to have written to General Zeligowski, and to the Foreign Office in Warsaw... I was told the fact had been established that I had acted as chief spy on the Polish front, practically as Marshal Pilsudski's right hand ... I was told the Extraordinary Commission had proofs that I had been working in the employ of the British Secret Service for ten years. These accusations simply dumfounded me. I was perfectly innocent of any of the charges brought against me. ... I was there during the month of June (1920), ... I had never possessed any Polish documents at all. ... When the Bolsheviks advanced on Beresina the priest and his sister were obliged to flee, and the Governor, who was making an inspection in the villages, hearing the Red Army was advancing, made good his escape also, leaving all the archives and documents intact in his office. The Bolsheviks seized everything there, and finding my passport, concluded that all the incriminating papers must belong to me. ... I was taken to the base in Mogilev. ... From Mogilev I was taken to the base at Orsha. From there I was taken to the base at Smolensk, then to the Extraordinary Commission at the Western Front in the same town. Here, after my papers were examined, an order was given to conduct me to a place called the town Governor's prison, and to put me in an underground cellar under strict surveillance. ... I left Smolensk with a large party of prisoners for the base at Dolgabush. Then I was taken to Viasma, where I remained six days. The Commander there was very kind to me. He allowed me to play the piano ... From Viasma I was sent to Yakitz, and then to the base at Moscow, from thence to the Extraordinary Commission's headquarters, and then to the town prison, Butirka. ... I was three months in Butirka, and the latter part of the time I worked with another English lady in the department for repairing the prison garments. ... was taken from Butirka to Ivanoffsky Camp. ... I remained in Ivanoffsky Camp a month, when suddenly I heard my compatriots in Butirka had been sent home to England. I at once went to the Commander and declared I should go on hunger strike if I was not repatriated at once. ... and the next day I was sent to Pokrovsky Camp, where I remained only one day. Then I was sent to Andronievsky Camp, a place exclusively for foreigners. ... We were the last British prisoners to leave Russia. ... I fared exceedingly well on my journey to Petrograd. I was the only woman on the train, and the Esthonian Mission members were extremely kind to me. Several of them spoke English ... Letitia Bowler ... on 30th November 1920, we left Petrograd ... and travelled to Bialiastroff, the Finnish frontier. ... Mrs Harding had more than 200,000 Soviet roubles taken from her, because one was only allowed to take 10,000 roubles out of the country, as though one could make use of even a million of that worthless paper. ... Major Fitzhughes, the British Red Cross representative, called out: Mrs Harding and Miss Bowler first, please. ... Free after eight months of torture ... We remained in Terijoki in quarantine over three weeks. ... he said: So you are the famous Miss Bowler? Well, I do congratulate you on your delivery from the Bolsheviks. When I asked him how he had heard of me, he said that I had given trouble to every one from the Consul at Helsingfors to Lord Curzon in London... 24th December we left Terijoki for Hango, where we arrived the next day. After five days' pleasant sailing via Copenhagen we arrived at Hull on 30th December 1920. I had been eleven years away from England, and arrived home literally a pauper. All that I had earned during thirteen years had been confiscated...".

Samples only: Gezela (Gezela Augustyn b. 1889, Polish colonel, Lodz 1929) / Gesehle / Gesell / Geselle (Silvio Gesell b. 1862, was a German anarchist and founder of Freiwirtschaft. He gave his business in Argentina to his brother and returned to Germany in 1892, next Gesell moved to Les Hauts-Geneveys in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel, to 1907. In 1915, Gesell left Germany to return to Les Hauts-Geneveys, 10 km north of Neuchâtel).

Children of Wiktoria Konstantynowicz and Antoni Zbieranowski: Karol Zbieranowski, Aleksander, Aleksandra Przelaskowska b. ca 1900 in Miezonka, Siberia after 1929/30, Anna Muzyka b. ca 1902 in Miezonka, she died after 1965 in Omsk, Ryszard Zbieranowski b. 1897 in Miezonka, 1916 - 1917 the GUARD company in the Kremlin, Moscow, the first escaped to Miezonka and in November 1917 to Turkey, after Charbin in China, Vladyvostok, Japan after 1920/1921, cooperation with YMCA, Vancouver in Canada, Winnipeg in Manitoba 1921 - 1927, 1927 Saskatchewan, the Buchanan farm, died ca 1980 in Saskatchewan. And next child of Wiktoria: Jozef Zbieranowski b. 1898 in Miezonka, 1915 the car unit in Moscow, with Marian Andrzejak, November 1917 escaped to Miezonka, February 1918 1st Polish Corps, 1920 aide at the General Zeligowski, 1922 Lodz, the Nawrot street No 44, Canada after 1930, 1938 - 1945 Koluszki Stare, December 1945 escaped again to Canada, 1958 in Bydgoszcz to Zofia Konstantynowicz; his wife from Lodz, son in Winnipeg born after 1952 / 1956.

Karol Zbieranowski b. 1894, Miezonka, the Ihumen district; 1914 a car unit in Russian Army in Moscow, close to Aleksander Zbieranowski, November 1917 escaped to Miezonka together with Marian Andrzejak, February 1918 served for 1st Polish Corps with Jozef Zbieranowski, Marian Andrzejak, Marian Konstantynowicz vel Jerzy; in Bobruisk in a car unit of Staff; 15 November 1918 escaped from Miezonka together with Stanislaw Szostak and Marian Andrzejak; 06 December 1918 Lapy, together with Ludwik and Marian Andrzejak and Stanislaw Szostak; Zambrow after; 20 February 1919 at Bolshevik war; to 1921 in Lida, in car unit of the Kowno Regiment; Karol Zbieranowski moved in 1921 to Lodz, he was near by Ullman from Switzerland, in 1928 near to Jan Szostak; and to engineer Zygmunt Rau, who translate the Rowecki memoirs.

The Ullman family from Switzerland:

Fredrik Ullman worked as a scientific collaborator at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Variantes: Uhlmann, Uhlman, Ulhmann, Ullman, Ullmann. From Monchaltorf, Zurich - Rose-Marie Ullman. ULLMAN 1763 in Rüderswil, Bern canton, 20 km east of Bern. 1820 in Bern; 1828 in Herdern in Thurgau, Suisse - north-east of Zurich. 1758 - 1771 Uesslingen, in Thurgau - 8 km south-west of Herdern; 1842 in Herdern in Thurgau; 1872 in Uesslingen; 1865 in Wängi in Thurgau - 13 km south of Herdern. And Bern / Berno. 1733 - 1852 Eschenz; Family ULLMAN in 1628 - 1753 in Switzerland / Suisse; 1744 - 1837 in Eschenz, area of Thurgau - 7 km north-west of Herdern. All above data copyright by geneanet.org.

Karol Zbieranowski in 1934 lived in Koluszki Stare and Lodz, Piotrkowska No 40; 1927 in Lodz made appointment of Aleksander Zbieranowski from Soviet Union with English lady
Letycja Bowler / Letitia Bowler - before 1917 in Moscow
met; Karol Zbieranowski known Julian Bronowicki from Miezonka who settled in Lodz; 1939 Hungaria, 1946 back to Lodz. Near by Marshal Marian Spychalski (Ludwik Andrzejak 'Black' friend of father of Marshal Spychalski from Lodz, and known Jozef Pilsudski ca 1900); his wife Maria Adelajda Andrzejak b. 1903 in Lodz, died after 1968 in Koluszki Stare; her father Ludwik Andrzejak 'Black', her friend was wife of Marshal Spychalski, b. 1906; 1903 / 1904 Jozef Pilsudski very often in a home of Andrzejak; her two brothers: Marian Andzejak close to Jan Szostak and Ludwik Andrzejak born ca 1895, owner of shop at Tuwim street No 15; Karol Zbieranowski died November 1966 in Koluszki Stare, acc. to inf. 1995/2000 (28 January 2014).

Title: ENGLISHWOMAN'S LIFE IN RUSSIA. After spending eight months in 29 Russian prisons, Miss Letitia Bowler (born ca 1890 ?) was changed for somebody and has come home to Ware, Herts - says The Daily Mail.

Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, 15 km south-east of Stevenage (Miss Letitia Bowler born ca 1890 was changed for somebody and has come home to Ware, Herts - says The Daily Mail). The approx distance between Stevenage and Banbury (Stanyan / Stanian, Hardy) in a straight line is 49 miles or 78 km. Rawlins, in Oxfordshire / Rawlins House, in Adderbury, close to Banbury, in Oxfordshire, north of Oxford.

Miss Letitia Bowler was sentenced to death by the Bolsheviks, taken into the woods at night to be shot, removed back to prison, and subsequently marched from gaol to gaol, walking in all 500 miles. In 11 years residence on the Continent, Miss Bowler had many other novel experiences (1910-1921). She dined with the ex-Kaiser at Wurtemburg in 1909 (she aged ca 19 ?), played blind man's buff with the Emperor Francis Joseph at Budapest in 1911, and was the only European among 3.000 women presented to Albdul Medjed after the great fast at Constantinople in 1912. She was acquainted with the Austrian Archduke Franz Fredinand, whose murder caused the war, and from the palace of the son of the Sultan Abdul Aziz at Constantinople she heard the first shot fired in the Dardanelles. She was captured by the Bolsheviks while a nurse with the Polish Army (March 1919 ? - April 1920).
Tuesday, 8 March 1921. The Adelaide Register, 1901-1929. Acc. to 'trove.nla.gov.au' - 08 Mar 1921 - The Register. Ware, Herts: Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district, ca 35 km north of London City.

The Zbieranowski family near by Lodz now  

Huszcza

or Guscis (= Gustis); with Puchala and Horseshoe coats of arms in the Polack province and in  Mahileu A.D. 1671 and next in the provinces Vilna and Minsk; they verified the arms in Minsk in  1825; the Huszcza and Tumilowicz families that is the rural  "badger nobility", the Polish strongly.  The Borsuki village  (Badgers) is situated 15 km north - east from Miezonka, according to M. K.  Pawlikowski who described history of Ipohorski -  Irtenski family from the Berazino parish (proprietors of  Backov estate 3 km E  from the Berezina river);
sons of Jerzy: Kazimierz, Hilary, Aleksander, Julian and  Maciej Huszcza; peers of this Jerzy: Jan Huszcza, Semen, Fiodor and Kondrat Huszcza in the period  of the January Insurrection; they've been living in Siberia and Belarus. 

Comment on the Bonch - Bruevichs  

The Bruevich ancestry comes from the Orthodox gentry of the Mogilev province. 

Its founder, nobleman Vladimir Bruevich, was born March 4, 1561 and received from the king Sigismund August a letter on the ground in the village of Samotevichi / Самотевичи in the ex-Polish Mstislavl province, located on the outskirts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, before 1917 Samotevichi located in the Klimovitskaya County of the Mogilev province. At the present time in the Kostyukovitche district, of the Mogilev region in Belarus. Over the next two centuries the Bruevichs were priests in the Unitarian Church in Samotevichi and of the surrounding villages: Belaya Dubrava, Kostukovichi, Osov, Studenets (http://gf-sut.ru/public/iattach/262/Vestnik2.pdf) and others, or engaged in agriculture. A descendant of Vladimir Bruevich in the 5th generation, priest Ivan Bonch-Bruevich (d. 1668) had six sons: Gregory / Jerzy, Paul / Pavel, Casimir / Kazimierz, Nicephorus / Nikifor, and others who became the founders of the major branches of the family. In 1772, this part of Belarus was conquered by the Russian Empire.
Descendants of Gregory / Jerzy / Grigori Bonch-Bruevich, rector of the church in Samotevichi:
Pavel Fedorovich Bonch-Bruevich (1758-1818), collegiate councilor, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and his son, Michal Pavlovich Bruevich / Michael P. Bonch-Bruevich (1798-after 1870), state councilor, a prominent official of the Russian administration in the Kingdom of Poland.
A family of Paul Bonch-Bruevich / Pavel Bruevich remained unknown.
In the Kazimir Bonch-Bruevich branch known: Vasily Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (1801-1865) state counselor, a teacher of mathematics of the Polotsk Cadet Corps, Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich son of Dmitry Bruevich (1870 - 1956), lieutenant-general, (http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_n/nik2all_b.php) the national founder of aerial geodesy, and Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1873-1955), a prominent Soviet and party leader. Vasiliy Fedorovich Bruevich (1840-1914), Councillor, an official of the Ministry of State, philanthropist. Great-grandson of Casimir Bonch-Bruevich, a priest Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (1773-1831), of the Mogilev province, had a son, Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich / Jan Brujewicz son of Andrzej Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms (b. 1822), collegiate assesor and the first of the Orel line of the Bruevichs: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich (1888-1940), professor, corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; Aleksei Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1916), Professor.
A descendant of Nikifor Brujewicz / Nicephorus Bonch-Bruevich moved to the Chernihiv province, of which Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1808), member of the Academy of Fine Arts, was living in Poltava.
All five branches by the beginning of XX century were included in the nobility books of Novograd-Seversky governorship, Mogilev, Chernigov, Orel and Saratov provinces and the Kingdom of Poland, used the Boncha coat of arms, except for the younger branch, who wrote Bruevich, and had the Sas arms. Representatives of these branches were in the territory of Klimovichi, Chernigov, Mogilev and Rogachev counties and Surazh county: Ivan Ivanovich Bruevich (b. 1860), the actual state councilor, lawyer and Nikolai Grigorevich Bruevich (1896-1987), Lieutenant General and aviation engineering, Member of the Academy of Sciences.
Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich (born 04 January 1822), of the Kharkiv office, he owned a small village Yablonovets, of the Orel province in ca 1873, wife Apollinariya Petrovna.
Peter Ivanovich Bonch-Bruevich (born 12 October 1858, Ryazan), owner of the Uzkoe village, he graduated from the classical gymnasium in Orel, Ministry of Finance. Was married in the city of Orel, in 1883.
Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (1861-1909) was married twice.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1862), graduated of the Sumy School. He was member of the provincial government of Orel in 1891; after 1917, the building manager in St. Petersburg / Leningrad. His wife Natalia Matsneva (b. 1867), the daughter of a collegiate councilor Michael Ipollitovich Matsnev and his wife, Varvara Pavlovna.
Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1863, died 1905), owned the village Yablonovets. Wife: Elizabeth Nikolaevna Paradovski, the daughter of General.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich, Lieutenant Infantry of the Dorogobuzh Regiment.
Ipollit Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich / Hipolit Brujewicz son of Alexandr from the Kiev governorship, 1894; he graduated from the General Bakhtin Cadet Corps in Orel. 

the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation,  1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b.  1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too; 

his relatives - actual originators of the November coup d'etat in 1917: 

Two brothers - younger Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz = Bonch-Bruevich Brujewicz Wladymir - Bonch Bruevich - Boncz Brujewicz

(1873 - 1955, son of Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich; photo: W. Boncz - Brujewicz in Moscow, October  1918. 

Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij - Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak. 

Children of Michail Brujewicz: Tamara b. 1896, Konstantin with wife Sofia Winogradow; Konstantin Boncz-Brujewicz born 4 Febr. 1898, in St Petersburg; Georgij Boncz Brujewicz son of Michail Brujewicz, born 1900, died 1923. Alexandr son of Michail, died 1981. 

Child of Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz: Elena b. 1904 and died 1985 in Moscow, husband Leopold Awerbach son of Leonid Awerbach. 

Dmitrij that is Dymitr Brujewicz with the Boncza coat of arms, was son of Afanazy who was born 1798 in Kulgajewka, the Klimowicze area (Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich was born in Prusino, but rather in Kuligaevka, which now is merged with Prusino in a village; now these villages - Kuligaevka / Kulgajewka and Prusino - divides only river; Kuligaevka belonged the Bonch-Bruevich family and two brothers Michail and Vladimir came here in the summer and played with local children; Dmitry Afanasievich Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, lived here in his home, and here he died; he was buried in the local cemetery on the outskirts of the village but an ancient cemetery has not been preserved like the tomb of Bonch-Bruevich). 

Dymitr was born 26 October 1840, died after 1904. The first wife of Atanazy / Afanazy (b. 1798) was Irina Osipowna Liepieszynskaja vel Irena Lepeszynski died 1839 in Prusinowo, the Klimowicze county, the Mohylew government, daughter of Jozef Lepeszynski (Prusinskaja Buda 6 km east of Kasciukovicy / Прусинская Буда but Prusino / Прусино that is Prusinowo 2 km east of Kostiukovichi in the Костюковичский район and south of Klimovichi). 

Afanazy Brujewicz son of Andrzej, born 1798 in the Klimowicze area, his second wife Olga Reszkowicz born 1814 or 1818, daughter of Pavel Reszkowicz; first wife Irena Lepeszynski was daughter of Jozef. Andrzej Brujewicz the 'second', b. 1768 and son of Kirill Brujewicz, d. 12 July 1819 in Kulgajewka, the Klimovichi county, the Mohylew by Dniepr government; Andrzej was owner of Kulgajewka village, but all villagers were taken by Ignacy Ciechanowiecki and removed on new places. The first wife unknown, 2nd wife 1799 Fiedosja Kuzminicz who d. 1830 - 1st married with Filipp Platkowski son of Jan Platkowski; Andzej has got 2 sons: Afanasij / Afanazy / Atanazy and Fiodor. Kirill Brujewicz son of Andrzej the 'first' Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, b. 1735, d. circa 1804 / 1805, with wife Anna Sawinicz (Kirill Brujewicz was owner of part of Samotiejevichi in Krzyczew area / Krichev / Кричев that is Самотевичи south - west of Kostiukovichi and south of Krzyczew, now the Moghilev oblast but Kostiukovichi belonged to Vladimir Tichonowiecki and his family 1799 to 1917; Kirill was owner also Kulgajevka / Kulgaevka in Klimovichi county, a house in Kostiukovichi 1783, inf. on him 1805 in the Klimovichi court). 

Kazimierz son of Jan vel Ivan Brujewicz was died 1705 and was father of Andrzej the first. Jan was son of Fedor. Fedor was son of Jan the first).

Above named Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich / В. Д. Бонч-Бруевич was publisher and one of Lenin's closet associates. Curiosity! Lenin signed certificate for V. Bonch-Bruevich on July 7, 1920 because of a month's holiday and travels to Kulgaevka / Kulgajewka village in the Klimovichi county, Moghilev / Mogilev province, when the Red Army went on the general offensive - begun on July 4, 1920 - against Poland. Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich had got a cabin in autonomous Finland and Lenin had hiding place there in period July - October 10th, 1917 [Old Style] i.e. to 23rd October; Vladimir Bruevich was administration manager at the Council of People's Commissars from November 1917; cf. F. Antoni Ossendowski, "Shadow of the bleak East", edition of 1919 and 1921, p. 57 - 58: he was known to sphere of Petersburg high society, Polish "old nobleman", secret chieftain of  socialists; he concealed of Trocki - Bronstein in Petersburg A.D. 1905 and also directed Chrustalow - Nosar or Chrustalov - Nosari in 1905.

The second brother, older - general Michail (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich either Bonch - Bruyevich Mikhail Dmitriyevich or Michal Bonc - Bruevic, see - if you read Russian - here:  http://history.tuad.nsk.ru/index.html (b. 1870 - died 1956; son of Dmitry who stayed in Moscow) who was tsarist general. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich from 1892 to 1895 served as an officer with the Lithuanian Guards Regiment at Warsaw. He was in command of the 176th Perevolochensky Regiment, based at Chernigov in 1914 and had known Russian aviator Pyotr Nesterov. The chief of staff and deputy commander of the Russian Northern Front and commander of the Northern Front from 29 August 1917 to 9 September 1917. September 1917 (?) a chief of the Russian military counterintelligence.
Above inf. acc. to http://www.x-libri.ru/elib/ by Arsen Martirosyan Benikovich, 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union'.
'Germane-norden' and 'Balticum' were extremely influential in Germany, and in Russia - representatives of the ancient aristocratic families of the number pro-German Ostsee (Baltic) Barons played a crucial role in large-scale after February and October 1917 Revolutions in Russia, close to the head of the Russian military counterintelligence Gen. M. Bonch-Bruevich (brother of Lenin's closest aide). Different source: On September 9, 1917, Бонч-Бруевич / Bonch-Bruevich was replaced as commander by Gen. V. A. Cheremisov / В. А. Черемисовым and appointed to the Supreme Commander. Arriving at the General Headquarters in Mogilev, Bonch-Bruevich established contact with the Mogilev Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies and 27 September 1917 was co-opted into its executive committee in Mogilev by Dnieper river. In early October 1917, Bonch-Bruevich rejected the appointment of Governor-General of the Southwestern Region in Kiev and Omsk and took over as head of the Mogilev garrison.
But acc. to Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917-1990: A Biographical..., by Michael Parrish, we read that M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was a General in Tsarist Counterintelligence.
Next M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was chief of staff of the Supreme Commander after November 1917. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the military director of the Supreme Military Council and chief of general field staff of the Red Army (field staff of the Revolutionary Military Council) in 1918 - 1919.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the specialist in take a pictures from airplanes and organized the first technical office of aerial photograph in 1925; he wrote "The aerial photograph" in 1931 and similar book in 1934 (and  Grigorij - his son Mikolaj (2nd) b. 1896 was general of the Soviet air force); 

the family of Aleksander II Brujewicz or Bonc - Bruievicius of the Boncza arms lived in Zbyszyn or Sbychin near to Tschetschewitschi since 1876 / 1880, 39 km SE away from Miezonka and the big estate had 5548 hectares, he lived next door Gresmer or Greszner family (according to a map edited by A. Brantner of "K.u.k. militar - geographisches Institut" in Wien 1896) and Mr Witold  Bulhak home (the Bulhak noble house of  the Syrokomla arms, verified in Minsk A.D. 1802, possessed also in the government of  Minsk: Matewitschi  = Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze); villages Woncza / Vontcha,  Borki and Rogi - which Florian Czarnyszewicz described in a book "Nadberezyncy" i.e. Berezyna's Riverside Inhabitants - were situated close by the Zbyszyn estate: 3 and 7 km;
besides a certain Aleksander (IV ?) Brujewicz purchased village Mistow and neighbourhood in the Congress Poland on 25 January 1861 but I haven't yet any firm evidences if it's the same Aleksander (2nd) Brujewicz who settled himself in  the Zbyszyn  property - I  am searching information;

they derived from Michal I Brujewicz who was born 1762 and stayed in the Minsk  province and all  following   generations (all his sons: Aleksander I, Mikolaj I, Bazyli, Wiktor, Piotr, Pawel, Fiodor) served in Russian army at a later date;  the Brujewicz  family  was in   Mahileu   A.D. 1718 and in Krycau  A.D. 1745, Sladzin or Sladziniec  in Mahileu region in 1761. 

Brujewicz of the Boncza coat of arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, possessed Bohdanowka 1st in the Mscislau  district since 1870 - 10,5 km  Nord of Jurkowschtschina i.e. Jurkowszczyzna - and also Poplatyno in the district  since  1870;  Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn -  Bor  or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejevitschi / Michiejewiczi,  i.e. 12  km  NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy  or  Czausy  - since 1876). 

Cryptography, ciphers, radio and telegraph in Sweden, Switzerland, Russia (Nobel, Damm, Hagelin and Schilling) in 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The Breguet Company and Edward Brown of Clerkenwell.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz and Pushkin / Puszkin in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Estonia, Russia, Latvia.

The history of Estonia: Rehbinder 1792 in Polli - 23 km south of Viljandi; Johan Laidoner 1884 in Raja close to Vardja 2 km from Viljandi in the south; Hans Pats / Päts 1819 in Holstre 10 km south east from Viljandi; Vilms, Jüri in Kabbal / Kabala, is 7 km north-west of Pilistvere, about 30 km north of Viljandi; Kőo Parish.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family in Estonia at the beginning of the 20th century - and Latvia after. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Belarus, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Troubetzkoy, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Sedykh from Kazan, Soltan, Oginski, Paszkowski and Kalinowski from Cracow, Zbieranowski, Zarako-Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Holynski of 18th cent., Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, Üksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Vaikna, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

Meshonka: here lived Antoni (the first son of Dominik derived from area of Krycau and verified noble descent in the Hrodna government 1861) and his son Stanislav Konstantynowicz (born c. 1855) with wife Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius of Tarnawa arms and others, mainly in districts of Panevezys and Siauliai) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place Asveja) in the Government of Vicebsk;  she was near related to the families Brzezinski / Bžezinskis (Konstancja Bžezinskis / Brzezinski), Ostrowski  (from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki in 1697; 1760 by the Czerowacz lake in Livonia) and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or  Pilipaitis with Pobog  and Prawdzic coat of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and  Joachim); family of my grandfather had Georgians next of kin. 

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Ca 1800 to 1951, Miezonka - destroyed noble catholic village 1937 before 1951. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.


Konferencja naukowa 22 pazdziernika 2012 - Katastrofa Smolenska 2010. Wnioski ze sledztwa. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc szosta.

Sledztwa polskie w sprawie katastrofy samolotu rzadowego w Smolensku w 2010 roku. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc siodma.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

Wrzesien 1939 roku. New!

The Breguet Company in Moscow and Petersburg.

Edward Brown of Clerkenwell owner 1870 and his sons owners (Henry Brown from London) of the Breguet Company.

Stefan Drzewiecki, Breguet and Duflon in St Petersburg. История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part one.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part two.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part three.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part four.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part five.

© author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

References:  see: Fox coat of arms

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Dubbelt / Dubelt, Pushkin / Puszkin, Gernet, Toll, Croy, Rehbinder, Konstantinovich / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonet, Kalinowski, Trubecki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoj, Sedykh / Siedoch, Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakovskij, Dyuflon / Duflon, Nobel, Vernadskij, Modzelewski families in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, Alexandrovsk, Miezonka, Berezyna, Orsha, Mahileu, Mscislaw, Riga, Tallinn, Kronstadt, Viljandi, Parnu / Parnawa, Daugavpils, Harku, Saku, Nomme, Kazan).

Soviet agression in September 1939

The Red Army and Warsaw in 1939 - Warszawa

Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon

Orlov Denisov, Radzivill, Pociej, Trubetskoy, Bagrationi, Siedych, Wittgenstein, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon families in Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus.

Завод Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко. - Dyuflon / Duflon / Dufflon and Konstantynowicz - Deka Company in St Petersburg 1892 - 1918, Moscow and Zaporoze 1907 - 1918

Berezyna

Bartosz Paprocki of 1578 and 1584 

Kojalowicz of 1648 

"The Armorial of many houses in (...) the Grand duchy of Lithuania" by S. J. Dunczewski, edited in 1757 

Pogon Pahonia"The Armorial of the Orsa area" of 1775 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Vilkmerge district" of 1795 

"The Inventory of nobility of the Dzisna district" 1796 

an armorial by Jan Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz   and   "The List of nobility of the Vilna district (...)" 1809  

"The Record of rental (...) nobility from the Barysau district" of 1812 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Lida district" of 1855 

Stanislaw count Mieroszowski  (Stanislaw count Grocyn pseudonym, 1827 - 1900 or Jan Stanislaw Mieroszowski),  "(...) about Polish heraldry",  Cracow 1887 

N. Szaposznikow, "Heraldica"   and  "The List of landowners of the Minsk government" 1899 

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

a manuscript of armorial by Boleslaw Starzynski  and an armorial by Leszczyc of 1908 / 13  

Jerzy count Dunin - Borkowski of 1909 

Uruski of 1910 

Andrzej Zajaczkowski, "Polish nobility", edit. by "Semper" 1993 

Jan Ciechanowicz, "Knightly ancestries (...)", vol. 1 - 5, edit. Rzeszow 2001.

The Baikal Insurrection in Siberia 1866

Smolensk 10 kwietnia 2010 katastrofa samolotu

Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Orlov-Denisov / Orlow Denisow, Bagrationi / Bagration-Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky, Pashkovsky / Paszkowski, Duflon / Dyuflon, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch, Armand, Demonets / Demonet in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, Üksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family 1917 - 1918 in Russia.

Bogdan Konstantynowicz, History of the lineage from Lithuania as compiled by Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Includes the surnames Malkiewicz, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Brzezinski and Zarakowski. 2003 / 2010

The noble Konstantynowicz family in new Poland 1945 - 2013.


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September 2008 / 04 June 2014

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© All rights reserved. No part of all these  works covered by  copyright  hereon may be reproduced in any form or by  any  means - graphic,  electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying,  recording, downloading,  uploading, taping, or storage in an information  retrieval system, without the  prior written permission of the copyright owner  - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz.  

Interesting websites:

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"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer,[4] after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling. But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

http://www.nara.gov/

Michael Pearson : The Sealed Train

Stefan T. Possony : Lenin : The Compulsive Revolutionary. Chicago 1964: "General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ... Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin : Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin : Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9. Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable. General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin." "In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

genealog.toplista.pl

http://www.CyndisList.com/whatsnew.htm

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree.(1) The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech".

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary. Professor Richard Pipes describes it: 'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

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