Konstantynowicz Bogdan - genealogy - history - biography - education - information.
Константинович, генеалогия фамилии, история семьи / Дворянские роды / Геральдика / Константинович - биография.
History of the Russian military intelligence

and
the Radio-intelligence
in Tsarist Russia.

Berezyna and Lubuszany / Luboszany - the estate of Sapieha and Potocki / Krystyna Tyszkiewicz Potocka - the line to the Templars of Krzeszowice, General Franciszek Paszkowski and the Poniatowski Home.
Miezonka-Swolna-Moscow-St Petersburg and the family history of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz: Dyuflon / Duflon / Dufflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.

Cryptography, ciphers, radio and telegraph in Sweden, Switzerland, Russia (Nobel, Damm, Hagelin and Schilling) in 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The Breguet Company and Edward Brown of Clerkenwell.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz and Pushkin / Puszkin in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Estonia, Russia, Latvia.

The history of Estonia: Rehbinder 1792 in Polli - 23 km south of Viljandi; Johan Laidoner 1884 in Raja close to Vardja 2 km from Viljandi in the south; Hans Pats / P ts 1819 in Holstre 10 km south east from Viljandi; Vilms, J ri in Kabbal / Kabala, is 7 km north-west of Pilistvere, about 30 km north of Viljandi; K o Parish.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family in Estonia at the beginning of the 20th century - and Latvia after. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Belarus, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Troubetzkoy, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Sedykh from Kazan, Soltan, Oginski, Paszkowski and Kalinowski from Cracow, Zbieranowski, Zarako-Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Holynski of 18th cent., Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, ksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Vaikna, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

Meshonka: here lived Antoni (the first son of Dominik derived from area of Krycau and verified noble descent in the Hrodna government 1861) and his son Stanislav Konstantynowicz (born c. 1855) with wife Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius of Tarnawa arms and others, mainly in districts of Panevezys and Siauliai) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place Asveja) in the Government of Vicebsk;  she was near related to the families Brzezinski / B ezinskis (Konstancja B ezinskis / Brzezinski), Ostrowski  (from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki in 1697; 1760 by the Czerowacz lake in Livonia) and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or  Pilipaitis with Pobog  and Prawdzic coat of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and  Joachim); family of my grandfather had Georgians next of kin. 

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Ca 1800 to 1951, Miezonka - destroyed noble catholic village 1937 before 1951. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.


Konferencja naukowa 22 pazdziernika 2012 - Katastrofa Smolenska 2010. Wnioski ze sledztwa. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc szosta.

Sledztwa polskie w sprawie katastrofy samolotu rzadowego w Smolensku w 2010 roku. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc siodma.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

Wrzesien 1939 roku. New!

The Breguet Company in Moscow and Petersburg.

Edward Brown of Clerkenwell owner 1870 and his sons owners (Henry Brown from London) of the Breguet Company.

Stefan Drzewiecki, Breguet and Duflon in St Petersburg. История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part one.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part two.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part three.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part four.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part five.

© author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

References:  see: Fox coat of arms

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Dubbelt / Dubelt, Pushkin / Puszkin, Gernet, Toll, Croy, Rehbinder, Konstantinovich / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonet, Kalinowski, Trubecki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoj, Sedykh / Siedoch, Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakovskij, Dyuflon / Duflon, Nobel, Vernadskij, Modzelewski families in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, Alexandrovsk, Miezonka, Berezyna, Orsha, Mahileu, Mscislaw, Riga, Tallinn, Kronstadt, Viljandi, Parnu / Parnawa, Daugavpils, Harku, Saku, Nomme, Kazan).

Soviet agression in September 1939

The Red Army and Warsaw in 1939 - Warszawa

Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon

Orlov Denisov, Radzivill, Pociej, Trubetskoy, Bagrationi, Siedych, Wittgenstein, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon families in Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus.

Завод Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко. - Dyuflon / Duflon / Dufflon and Konstantynowicz - Deka Company in St Petersburg 1892 - 1918, Moscow and Zaporoze 1907 - 1918

Berezyna

Bartosz Paprocki of 1578 and 1584 

Kojalowicz of 1648 

"The Armorial of many houses in (...) the Grand duchy of Lithuania" by S. J. Dunczewski, edited in 1757 

Pogon Pahonia"The Armorial of the Orsa area" of 1775 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Vilkmerge district" of 1795 

"The Inventory of nobility of the Dzisna district" 1796 

an armorial by Jan Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz   and   "The List of nobility of the Vilna district (...)" 1809  

"The Record of rental (...) nobility from the Barysau district" of 1812 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Lida district" of 1855 

Stanislaw count Mieroszowski  (Stanislaw count Grocyn pseudonym, 1827 - 1900 or Jan Stanislaw Mieroszowski),  "(...) about Polish heraldry",  Cracow 1887 

N. Szaposznikow, "Heraldica"   and  "The List of landowners of the Minsk government" 1899 

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

a manuscript of armorial by Boleslaw Starzynski  and an armorial by Leszczyc of 1908 / 13  

Jerzy count Dunin - Borkowski of 1909 

Uruski of 1910 

Andrzej Zajaczkowski, "Polish nobility", edit. by "Semper" 1993 

Jan Ciechanowicz, "Knightly ancestries (...)", vol. 1 - 5, edit. Rzeszow 2001.

The Baikal Insurrection in Siberia 1866

Smolensk 10 kwietnia 2010 katastrofa samolotu

Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Orlov-Denisov / Orlow Denisow, Bagrationi / Bagration-Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky, Pashkovsky / Paszkowski, Duflon / Dyuflon, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch, Armand, Demonets / Demonet in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, ksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family 1917 - 1918 in Russia.

Bogdan Konstantynowicz, History of the lineage from Lithuania as compiled by Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Includes the surnames Malkiewicz, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Brzezinski and Zarakowski. 2003 / 2010

The noble Konstantynowicz family in new Poland 1945 - 2013.


COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

September 2008 / 01st January 2014

These all papers are sold subjects to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold,  any public performances,  hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of  binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Works registered or first published in the U.S. after 2002 - copyright term: 70 years after the death of author. Copyright law in the United States is part of federal law, and is authorized by the U.S. Constitution; copyright law is granted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, also known as the Copyright Clause; The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, found at 17 U.S.C. § 512 ('DMCA'), provides recourse for owners of copyrighted materials who believe that their rights under United States copyright law have been infringed upon on the Internet.  Warning:  these papers / all websites are sold for  private home use only.  

© All rights reserved. No part of all these  works covered by  copyright  hereon may be reproduced in any form or by  any  means - graphic,  electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying,  recording, downloading,  uploading, taping, or storage in an information  retrieval system, without the  prior written permission of the copyright owner  - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz.  

Interesting websites:

www.ornatowski.com/board/

http://www.guestbook.ru/book.php

"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer,[4] after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling. But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

http://www.nara.gov/

Michael Pearson : The Sealed Train

Stefan T. Possony : Lenin : The Compulsive Revolutionary. Chicago 1964: "General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ... Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin : Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin : Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9. Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable. General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin." "In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

genealog.toplista.pl

http://www.CyndisList.com/whatsnew.htm

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree.(1) The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech".

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary. Professor Richard Pipes describes it: 'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

http://romingerlegal.com/

http://polishroots.netfirms.com/


November and December 2013 - new websites on the genealogy and history of the noble Konstantynowicz family in Russia 1772 - 1918, Poland 1918 - 1939 and next at a Polish territory 1939 - 2012.
The family history of the Konstantynowiczs in Tsarist Russia. In Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Riga / Ryga, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti.
With: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze, Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan.

All on the life of the noble Konstantinovich family in tsarist Russia 1772 to 1918. The Duflon and Konstantinovich Company 1892 - 1918 in tsarist Russia. The Breguet Company and Edward Brown of Clerkenwell in Russia.

Cryptography, ciphers, radio and telegraph in Sweden, Switzerland, Russia (Nobel, Damm, Hagelin and Schilling) in 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The Breguet Company and Edward Brown of Clerkenwell.

Cryptography, ciphers, radio and telegraph. History on the noble Constantinovich family in Russia in 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The Breguet Company and Duflon & Constantinovich Company 1892 - 1918.

The noble Konstantynowicz family in new Poland 1945 - 2013.

Breguet, Brown, Masson, Rey, Armand, Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz, Duflon and history of research on telegraph, radio and electricity. Deka Company in Petersburg, Moscow and Zaporoze - Russian engines and airplanes.

The Kiedrzynski, Walewski, Madalinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Psarski, Kreski of Grebanin, and Sulkowski family - history and genealogy. Part 5.


Kiedrzynski, Walewski, Madalinski, Kalinowski and Oginski genealogy.
General comments to the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family of Belarus. Part 4.


Wola Pszczolecka and Miezonka; Kiedrzynski, Walewski, Madalinski, Kalinowski and Oginski genealogy. General comments to the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family of Belarus. Part 5.


Wiktor Konstantynowicz or Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name - Wasyl acc. to me
(remember about A. Konstantinovich / Apollon (Apollo, Palemon, Apolon) Konstantynowicz / Константинович son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office in Moscow, worked for Breguet, and with Duflon. Wasilij / Wasyl Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz, was general of the Russian Army, and Leon Bakst (1866 - 1924) is our far kinsman: his relatives, families Tretyakov, Barsak, Klyachko and Manfred. Apollon (Apollo, Apellon) Wasylewicz Konstantynowicz / Константинович who b. ca 1862, was the son of Wasilij Константинович / Wasyl Konstantynowicz who was born ca 1840. The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand; Eugene / Eugeniusz Armand was born about 1842),
but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840).
Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg, her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski; Wiktor on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu.
Above named Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty, in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.
In 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living in Peterburg / St. Petersburg but on June the 14th, 1924 they lived in the town of Viljandi.
Daughter of Alexandra and Victor Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovitsch was
Galina nee Konstantynowicz born approx. 1900 / 1902 died in Nomme after 1968 and was married to a Latvian - Dunkel / Tunkel; she had two daughters, one married to a Latvian, another to a German (Irena? Rita Irene).
Alexandra Konstantynowicz was buried by Rita Dunkel, and in the recording of Constantin (Wiktor Konstantynowicz) is Galina Dunkel / Tungel or Tunkel.
Dunkel Galina was buried at the cemetery of Siselinna on 13 August 1982; here name of Rita Krause.
Maybe Rita KRAUSE is a daughter of Galina DUNKEL nee Konstantynowicz, and Rita Irene and Rita are the same person.
Rita Irene, was daughter of Heinrich.
Rita Irene Heynrihovna b. 1927; Rita-Ireene was buried at cemetery of Siselinna that is Krauze Rita-Ireene who died on 21 November 1998.
Heinrich Dunkel, was a father of Rita, Irene; captain, husband of Dunkel Galina / Halina nee Konstantynowicz.
Heinrich Georg Dunkel / Heinrich Dunkel / Baldwin-Heinrich Dunkel was a reserve captain; Heinrich Dunkel was poisoned in the central prison of Tallinn by the communists. On January 10, 1934 or 1935 in Tallinn - was a funeral of the union officers leader, a reserve captain Baldwin - Heinrich Dunkel.
He had died in prison.
Inf. from Riga, Latvia: daughter of Galina Sedykh / Dunkel nee Konstantynowicz was Irena.
Granddaughter was Sabine from Riga, the Sedykh family relatives. After Irene's death from Tallinn brought some pictures, among them there were, pre-revolutionary.

Now we back to the Konstantynowiczs:
Nestor Troubecki vel Nester Kalinowski in 1857 went to Vienna, in 1859 returned to Krakow, promote the Ruthenian Catholic Church, the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church and Ruthenian language; 1863 the outbreak of January Uprising and he was involved in the secret 'Prowincjonalny Litewski Komitet' in Vilnius / Wilno; Trubecki was a member of the 'Miedzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat' and a contributor of the 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; 1905 went to Warsaw in the Congress Poland and next fled arrest in April 1906 and went to Z rich and Geneva; "...lived in several European countries and returned to Congress Poland; active in the Polish-Belarusian underground resistance until his death in 1907".
Prince Nestor Grigorievich Troubetzkoy / Nester / Nestor Grigoriewicz Trubecki, a landowner and revolutionary, international journalist and from 1901 "correspondent of Freiheit, Neues Leben, Der Anarchist, Der Freie Arbeiter, Wolny Swiat, Der Generalstreik, Der Weckruf, member of Jan Machajski s squad in Geneva", was born and died in Poland, b. in 1832 (?) in Free City of Cracow or in 1840 (!) - died in 1907 Warsaw.
Mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski was countess Maria Kalinowska.
Probably she was born after 1805 - ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski. The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below:
her mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Czeliszczew;
father Josif / Jozef / Osip Kalinowski b. after 1780 ? and died 1825;
grandfather was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759 and
grandmother Elzbieta Bielska from Olbrachcice b. ca 1760.

Above Emilia Potocka married first to Kalinowski and second time to Czeliszczew, was born 1790 and her parents: Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 and mother Marianna Lubomirska (Zubow, Potocki, Uwarow) born 1773 or Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810.

Marianna Elżbieta Uvarova nee Lubomirska, ca 1766 - d. 1810, was daughter of Kasper Lubomirski and Barbara Ponińska;
wife of Protazy Antoni Potocki; Count Valerian Zubov, and Федор Петрович Уваров / Uvarov;
mother of above Emilia Kalinowska + Jozef Kalinowski (Josef / Osip Kalinowski general of Polish Army, b. ca after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka / Kalinowska born 1790);
Aleksandr Valerianovich Zubov;
Platon Valerianovich Zubov, and
Elizaveta Valerianovna Voieikova.

Marianna Elżbieta Uvarova nee Lubomirska was sister of J zefa Walewska.
J zefa Walewska nee Lubomirska, b. ca 1764 - 1851; she was wife of Adam Walewski, and Jan Witt, Count; copyright by Leszek Mila.
Adam Walewski + J zefa Lubomirska had 2 children:
a. Tadeusz Walewski (1795-1855), in 1828 m. to Anna Karwicka / Ann Dunin-Karwicka (1797-1881), daughter of General Krzysztof Karwicki;
b. Izabela Walewska.

Husband of above Maria Kalinowska {countess Maria Kalinowska was born after 1805 or ca 1819} was
Gregory / Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Petrovich Trubecki who - settled before 1832 in the Kingdom of Poland - was born in 1802 after death of his father, and died in 1879 or 11 January 1874
- his brother Prince Jurij Petrovich Trubeckoj / Yuri Troubetzkoy was born 1796, died 1859 (married to Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky / Czajkowski daughter of Mikolaj Czajkowski).
His sister Anna nee Trubecki / Trubetsky / Anna Kozhoukhova born 23 December 1793 died 29 March 1827 (married to Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov / Aleksander Kozuchow or Kozuchowski son of Stefan Kozuchow or Kozuchowski).

Above Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Trubetsky / Gregori Trubiacki / Grzegorz Trubecki was a Prince of the Troubetzkoy family. He married above MARIA Kalinowska (lived in St Petersburg to 1840, then in Cracow).
Grigory / Grzegorz Trubecki was the son of Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy / Prince Petr Nikolaevich Troubetskoy born 18 November 1773 and died 16 November 1801 and Nadezhda Ivanovna Pestov / nee Pestova born 1793.
Above Prince Пётр Николаевич Трубецкой / Petr Nikolaevich b. 1773 and d. 1801 had parents:
mother Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Czerkasskaja / Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Tcherkassky, and her husband
Николай Никитич Трубецкой / Nicholas Nikitich Trubeckoj b. 1744 and d. 1820 / 1821, writer, who was son of
Prince Nikita / Ники́та Ю́рьевич Трубецко́й
(1699 - 1767, for 3 years as head of the Military Board with the rank of Field Marshal General).

Prince Nikita was son of Юрий Юрьевич Трубецкой (1668 - 1739), Russian statesman, privy councilor, senator.

Above Prince Nikita 7 months after the death of the first wife, married the widow of Major Matthew Kheraskov - Anna Danilovna, daughter of Prince Daniel DRUCKI-SOKOLNICKI; Anne Danilovna was primarily married to major Matvey Andreyevich Kheraskov. Above Даниил Андреевич Друцкий-Соколинский died 1752.
Above named Анна Даниловна Друцкая-Соколинская (Хераскова, Трубецкая) died 1780; she had son born in 1744 in Moscow - above Николай Никитич Трубецкой 3rd, 1744 - 1820.
The family had 8 sons Yuri, Nikolai, Alexei, Nicholas, Nicholas II, Alexander, Alexander II, Basil, and 5 daughters: Anna, Maria, Elena, Elena II, Catherine. Of the 13 children, 6 died in infancy.
TRUBETSKOY Nikolai Nikitich (1744-1821) is known as a close friend of Novikov and one of the main members of society Martinists. In 1796 Paul I sent him to the Voronezh province, but he was soon appointed as a senator in Moscow Senate.
This Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the XVIII century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany. Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as the Duke of Brunswick, Duke Kassalsky, Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Many of the members were the Russians: Lopuhin Ivan, Ivan Turgenev, Kutuzov, Tatishchev, Chebotarev, etc.

His brother Prince Yuri Nikitich, who was also a member of society Martinists, had a name Neasta (Neastes).

M. Kalinowska (Maria) married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki was sister of Seweryna Kalinowska, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course!
Above countess Olga / Ольга Осиповна Калиновская born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus in 1844 and her son: Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818.
This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki.
Above Ireneusz Oginski, duke, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.
Bogdan Ogiński died on 25. 03. 1909.

Sister of Olga: Jozefina Kalinowska born 1816, was also married to duke Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński who was born 1808.
And Северина Иосифовна Калиновская / Seweryna Kalinowski b. 1814 d. 1852 was married to Mikolaj Plautyn / Плаутин b. 1794 or 1796 d. 24 December 1866, son of Fiodor Sergiejewicz Plautyn / Plautin died 1807?
Above Nikolai Fedorovich Plautin was an outstanding military leader and statesman of the Russian Empire, General of Cavalry 1856, Adjutant General 1849, a member of the State Council in 1862.

Note on count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759:
his father was Ignacy Kalinowski born ca 1720 died 1782 and his mother was Justyna nee Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error) -
Justyna was daughter of Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) and Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715),
and married ca 1765 to Ignacy Kalinowski; she died after 1780?.
The father of above Ludwika Marianna Pociej was Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.
Ludwik Konstanty Pociej, and Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej were sons of Leonard Gabriel Pociej b. 1632, died in 1695; Leonard Pociej was closest friend of Marcjan Aleksander Ogiński, son of wife's brother. Leonard Gabriel Pociej married to Regina Ogińska, primo voto Walter Korff of Troki.
Above Regina Pociej nee Oginska, b. circa 1624, died ca 1700, was daughter of Samuel Leon Ogiński and Zofia Billewicz.
She was sister of Jan Ogiński; Szymon Karol Symeon Ogiński, and Helena Tyszkiewicz,
inf. by Viktorija Janina Ru kuliene.
Above Samuel Leon Ogiński b. ca 1593, d. 1657;
inf. by Andrzej Hennel at geni.com.

Above Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej and Anna Teresa had son Aleksander Pociej 1698 - 1770, who was the father of Anna Tyszkiewicz; Karolina Radziwiłł; Leonard Pociej, and Ludwik Pociej.
Mentioned above Karolina Pociej was born in 1732 in Witebsk - died 1776, was daughter of above Aleksander Pociej and Teresa Brzostowska.
Karolina POCIEJ was wife of Stanisław Radziwiłł;
she was mother of Anna Barbara Mostowska; Mikołaj Radziwiłł; Franciszka Teofila Sołtan; Antonina Barbara Anna Mostowska; Teofila Radziwiłł.
Karolina was sister of Anna Tyszkiewicz; Leonard Pociej, and Ludwik Pociej. Copyright by Jacek Woźniakowski.
Above named Antonina Barbara Anna Radziwiłł 1762-1833 was 1st wife of Tadeusz Antoni Mostowski Count (1824), 1766-1842; he 2nd married to Marianna Anna Potocka.

Above Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army,
his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.
I wrote down above that
Ludwik Konstanty POCIEJ was father of above Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715) who married to Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) with daughter
Justyna KALINOWSKA (m. Ignacy Kalinowski who was born ca 1720 died 1782).
Her son was count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
Justyna nee Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error).

Above named Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski was born 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:
1. Josef / Osip Kalinowski / JOZEF KALINOWSKI - general of Polish Army, b. ca after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790,
2. Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 and
3. Justyna Kalinowska married Russocka b. 1790 d. 1876.

Above Ignacy Kalinowski, MP in 1830, 1784-1831, owner of Białokiernica, and Kurzany; m. ca 1830 to Hortensja / Hortencja Karśnicka 1800-1881, 2nd voto Jablonowska, daughter of Antoni Karśnicki b. 1777 / 1779 in Hrechor w, died 1844 [writer, son of Walenty and Salomea; he was two times in Italy - Roma; Count] and Julia Głogowska b. 1780;
child of Ignacy:
Władysława, b. 1831, d. 1893 in Oryszkowce, landowner of Białokiernica and Oryszkowce; Władysław Kalinowski m. Cecylia Szeliska, with:
Jadwiga Kalinowska + in 1884 to Artur Cielecki owner of Hadyńkowce;
Jerzy Kalinowski;
Władysław Kalinowski junior + in 1893 to Karolina Sieminigowska;
Marcin Marian Kalinowski / Marcin Maryan Kalinowski-Jabłonowski;
J zef Kalasanty Kalinowski b. 1861 + Wanda Russocka / Wanda Aleksandra Russocka Css, 1875-1935.

Above Wanda Aleksandra Russocka married in 1896 in Brody to J zef Kalasanty Kalinowski b. 1861, son of above Władysław Kalinowski b. 1831; Wanda had brother Bronisław Russocki b. 1877 in Brzoz w, m. in 1910 in Zbaraż to Stefania Niezabitowska b. 1889, daughter of Feliks Niezabitowski and Aniela Linert.

Below data under copyright by Elżbieta Halina Nejman:

Stanisław Franciszek WALEWSKI d. 1716, officer of Sieradz, owner of Pstrokonie, Woźniki, Świerzyna, Gron w, Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. in 1694, to Marianna Rozalia Siemianowska, 2nd to Krystyna Rychłowska - Trzebicki
(she was 3rd married to Jan Feliks Walewski),
with:
1. J zef WALEWSKI d. 1724, m. Elżbieta Magnuska - Skarbek,
2. Feliks WALEWSKI d. 1752,
3. Karol WALEWSKI died ca 1757, owner of Ptaszkowice, Lichawa, Grabia, m. Brygida Gałecka, daughter of Franciszek and Ludwika Poniatowska
(she was 2nd to Jan Radoliński),
with:
a). Ludwika m. Kazimierz Kacper Gembart,
b). Julianna Joanna b. ca 1756, m. Feliks Złotnicki, 2nd Daniel Suchecki;
4. Wojciech WALEWSKI died in 1757, owner of Pstrekonie / Pstrokonie, m. in 1730, to Teresa Łaszowska with:
a). J zefa b. 1737 + Konstanty Ossowski,
b). Eleonora Walewska m. Maciej Krobanowski d. 1792,
c). Rozalia Walewska + Jakub Madaliński,
d). Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI 1754 - 1820, MP in 1776, + in 1784 to Martyna / Maksyma Wężyk d. 1792 - owner of Kalinowa and Ligota, 1v. Andrzej Niemojowski, 2v. Ludwik Wężyk;
Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI 2nd m. in April 1794 to Kalinowska Janina / Antonina Kalinowska of Lelow daughter of Ignacy KALINOWSKI and Justyna Borzęcka - she was 2nd time married in 1822 in Świerzyny, to Mikołaj Jaksa Krobanowski b. ca 1771;
Ludwik Mikołaj WALEWSKI children:
A. Michał Walewski b. 1804, owner of Krześlow (see Wola PSZCZOLECKA), Kurow, Wypychow, Podlesie, Dziuby, Stara Poczta,
B. Justyna b. 1807,
C. Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski b. 1795, owner of Parzymiechy, + Marianna Radolińska daughter of Piotr RADOLINSKI and Tekla Lanckorońska,
with:
a). Piotr Ludwik Teodor Walewski b. 1822 in Parzymiechy,
b).Jadwiga Maria + 1850 to Henryk Stanisław Wojciech Lanckoroński;
D. Napoleon Walewski b. 1802, owner of Pstrokonie, Woźniki, Świerzyna, Gorzuch w, Lisy, + Natalia Kręska d. ca 1833, daughter of Florian KRESKI and Antonina Karśnicka.
Children of Napoleon Walewski:
a). Ludwik Mieczysław Walewski b. 1830, owner of Pstrokonie, Paprotnia, m. unknown with: Adela,
b). Antonina Floriana Salomea b. 1831 in Pstrekonie, + Bolesław Kobierzycki,
c). Wanda Natalia Maria Walewska b. 1832 in Masłowice, m. Władysław Sulimierski owner of Lubiec near Wola Pszczolecka (see Adam Kiedrzynski in Sulmierzyce).

Władysław Jan / Władysław Sulimierski, 1830 - 1866, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka, was son of Marceli / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, and Zofia Szołowska / Joanna Szolochowska.
Parents of above Marceli: Jan Sulimierski and Magdalena Fundament-Krasicka.
Father of above Jan: Jozef Sulimierski b. 1738, d. 1805 in Widawa + Franciszka Wierzchlejska / Wierzchlenska.
Parents of above Jozef: Michal Sulimierski [son of Marianna Stokowska], and unknown wife.

Above Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805, was also father of Korneli Kazimierz Edward Sulimierski b. 1834 in LUBIEC close to Wola Pszczolecka, who married to Adamina Markowska ca 1830 - 1900, with son Bronisław Sulimierski b. 1863, d. 1952, and Maria Siemienska.

Above named
J ZEF SULIMIERSKI b. 1738, d. 1805, owner of Lubiec south of Wola Pszczolecka, and Kuźnica (near Lubiec), m. Franciszka Wierzchlejska, with son Jan Piotr Walerian SULIMIERSKI b. 1783, m. in 1804 in Cieszęcin to Magdalena Jastrzębiec Karśnicka born in ca 1784, daughter of Jan Gwalbert KARSNICKI and Jadwiga Masłowski, with son:
Marceli Jan Gwalbert / Marceli Jan Sulimierski b. ca 1805 in Weglowice / WEGLEWICE close to Wielun (the Wieruszow county); d. 1874, judge, exiled to Siberie, m. in 1828 in Częstochowa, to Zofia Joanna Wczele Szołowska b. 1808,
with son - above Władysław Jan Sulimierski 1830 - 1866, who m. Wanda Walewska b. 1832.
Above Wladyslaw Jan Sulimierski b. 1830 in Lubiec, d. 1866, m. in ca 1850 to Wanda Walewska b. 1832, daughter of Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski (see Wola Pszczolecka, Kalinowski, Oginski, Trubecki, Konstantynowicz) 1802-1835 and Natalia Marianna Kreska 1804-1832.
Natalia Kreska was daughter of Florian Stanisław J zef Kreski b. in 1771 Grębanin - died in 1838, owner of Masłowice, who married in 1803 in Węglewice, to Antonina Fundament Karśnicka d. 1862, daughter of Jan Gwalbert Fundament - Karśnicki and J zefa Masłowski.

Above Napoleon WALEWSKI was son of Ludwik Walewski 1754-1820 who m. Antonina Kalinowska with sons:
1. Karol Franciszek Salezy b. 1795 + Maria Radolinska with children: Piotr Ludwik Teodor Walewski b. 1822, Jadwiga Maria Walewska 1825-1857 + Henryk Stanislaw Wojciech Lanckoronski 1816-1897;
and 2. above Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski 1802-1835 who married to Natalia Marianna Kreska 1804-1832.

About above mentioned Antonina KARSNICKA and her children:
a. Laura Rozamunda KRESKA b. 1805 in Grebanin [near Wieruszow], d. 1860, m. Adam Andrzej Sulimierski 1803-53, son of Marcin SULIMIERSKI and J zefa Zdziennicki, owner of Paprotnia,
b. Natalia Marianna KRESKA born in 1804 in Grebanin, d. 1833, m. Napoleon Walewski owner of Pstrokonie, son of Ludwik Walewski (Napoleon Izydor Roscislaw Walewski 1802-1835),
c. Edward Napoleon Kreski born in 1806 Weglewice, d. 1879, owner of Maslowice, judge in Wielun, owner estates close to Lask from 1852, m. 1st to Urszula Apolonia Lazarowicz 1811 - 1843 in Lask, daughter of Grzegorz and Teodozja Bagiewski, m. 2nd in 1846 to Antonina Kreska 1823 - 1851, daughter of Konstanty Hermenegild Kreski and Brygida Kozuchowski [!], 3rd m. in 1852 in Maslowice, to Alojza Uherek b. 1826, daughter of Ignacy.

Tomasz KOWALSKI who died 1812, owner of Rakowice and Bedkowo, m. in 1789 in Lubczyna, to Helena Karsnicka daughter of Jan Gwalbert Karsnicki official in Ostrzeszow; second time Helena Kowalska - Karsnicka married to Feliks Murzynowski, with:
Jozefa or Honorata J zefa KOWALSKA born ca 1807, Myjonice, m. in 1820, to Nestor Julian Wezyk of OSINY 1795-1862, from Myjonice in the Ostrzeszow county, son of Ksawery Franciszek Wezyk of Osiny b. 1750 and Marianna Fundament-Karsnicka of Karsznice 1767-1817.

Above
Piotr RADOLINSKI died 1823, m. Tekla Celestyna Lanckorońska, with:
1. Maria Radolinska b. ca 1795 married to Karol Franciszek Salezy Walewski, son of Ludwik and Antonina Kalinowska,
2. J zefa Radolinska b. 1800 in Żelazk w m. to J zef Jastrzębiec Karśnicki 1784-1862, son of Jan Gwalbert and J zefa Jadwiga Masłowska; Jozefa 2nd time married to Sylwester Boito.

Wojciech Donat Rokossowski died 1834, owner of Poręba in the Olkusz county, the Cięgowice parish, m. Zuzanna Jabłońska d. 1851, with
Marcela Marianna Rokossowska b. 1810, m. Jan Gwalbert Karśnicki 1795-1874, owner of Łyskornia and Węglowice
(his sister Urszula Julia Agnieszka Fundament-Karśnicka 1823 [1813 ?] - 1881 m. J zef Marek Piotr Stadnicki 1816-1893),
son of Idzi Karsnicki (ca 1765 ? / 1780-1835 or E. Karsnicki) and Konorata / Honorata Kożuchowska 1770-1860 (see Trubecki).
Idzi was son of Jan Gwalbert Fundament-Karśnicki 1731-1820.
Jan Gwalbert Fundament - Karśnicki was born in 1731 to Sebastian Fundament - Karśnicki; in 1808-1810 Jan Gwalbert Karśnicki, had built a church in Weglewice, he was MP in 1788, insurgent in 1794. Jan Gwalbert Karsnicki married Jadwiga Maslowska. Owner of Węglewice.

Above Jan RADOLINSKI:

PETRONELA Radolińska (b. ca 1764-1821), was a daughter of Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 and Brygida or Maria Brygida Gałecki / Brygida Malecka;
Petronela nee Radolinska was granddaughter of J zef Stefan Radoliński of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740.
J zef Stefan Radoliński lived at the court of Polish King, Jan III Sobieski; clerk in Wschowa (see Sulkowski).
J zef Stefan had 7 children:
youngest son Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 was owner of Jarocin, but his brother
J zef Stanisław was officer in Wschowa and in 1757 J zef Stanisław married to Katarzyna Raczyńska (see Kiedrzynski).
J zef Stanisław Radoliński born 1730 - died in 1781 in Winnog ra, the Szamotuły County, was father of Antonina Maria Breza and Wiridianna / Wirydianna Fiszer (see General Stanislaw Fiszer, Radolinski of Wola Pszczolecka, General Franciszek Paszkowski, Armand + Konstantynowicz, Lenin + Inessa Armand, Tadeusz Kosciuszko).

J zef Stefan Radoliński of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740 was brother of Zofia Walewska 1677 - 1723 who married Kazimierz Walewski. Kazimierz Walewski was son of Stanislaw Walewski and Katarzyna Lanckoronska.
Teodora Ludwika Walewska, Marianna Radolińska and J zef Kazimierz Colonna Walewski b. ca 1710, d. 1763
(he had son Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815 and daughter Jadwiga Walewska who married in 1762 in Bielawy to Michal / Michael Walewski 1735 / 1740 - 1806)
were children of Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia.

FRANCISZEK Walewski born ca 1675 / 1690, died 1745, owner of Rusiec, Wierusz w (before him to the Mecinski family), Dąbr wka, Jastrzębice, Broszęcin, Wola Wiązowa, Leśniaki
(Franciszek Walewski had son Aleksander),
married 3rd in 1737 to above Teodora Ludwika Walewska (b. ca 1710), daughter of above Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia Radolińska 1677 - 1723.

Mentioned above
Petronela died in Złoczew / Zloczow, m. in 1789 to Ignacy Błeszyński (1742 - 1813), son of Kazimierz and Teresa Struss; owner of Złocz w and Brzeźno; he was born in Złocz w, 1st married to Apolonia Sudrawska. See: Wola Pszczolecka.

Zofia Walewska 1677 - 1723 was daughter of Andrzej Radolinski the 2nd and Marianna Sarnowska.
Andrzej was born circa 1650
(grandfather of above Zofia: Andrzej Radoliński older, born ca 1610 / 1620, died in 1681, from Jarocin, clerk in Krzywin 1670 - 1681, m. KATARZYNA;
father: above named Andrzej Radolinski younger, 1650 - 1708, married two times ca 1670; his brother was Wojciech Radolinski).
Zofia 1677 - 1723 had brother Jozef Stefan Radolinski
(J zef Stefan Radoliński who lived at the court of Polish King, Jan III Sobieski, was a clerk in Wschowa (see Sulkowski), died in 1740, was son of above Andrzej junior {younger} 1650 - 1708; see a branch of Petronela Radolinska).
Zofia RADOLINSKA 1677 - 1723 married Kazimierz Walewski. They had daughter Marianna Radolinska, born Walewska.

PETRONELA Radolińska (b. ca 1764-1821), was a daughter of Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 and Brygida or Maria Brygida Gałecki / Brygida Malecka; Petronela nee Radolinska was granddaughter of J zef Stefan Radoliński of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740.

Kajetan Radoliński of Poznań, b. ca 1740
[he was son of Andrzej Radoliński the 3rd b. ca 1680 ?, and above Marianna Walewska
daughter of Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia nee Radolińska 1677 - 1723,
who was daughter of Andrzej Radoliński the 2nd born circa 1650 and Marianna Sarnowska]
+ Małgorzata Łubieńska 1733-1784, with son
Piotr RADOLINSKI b. 1760, died 1823, m. Tekla Celestyna Lanckorońska;
with grandson Aleksander Eustachy Piotr Radoliński b. 1816,
and with great-granddaughter Gabriela Radolińska b. ca 1850 + Witold Kazimierz Marian Jundziłł of the Slonim branch.

The genealogy of above Ignacy Bleszynski [Ignacy Bleszynski of Luszowice, close to Koscielec]:
Ignacy Błeszyński born in 1742 Zloczew - d. 1813 / 1815, son of Kazimierz Bleszynski b. 1703 in Bleszno, and Teresa nee Struss / Strus m. 1st to Jan Jordan

[all children of Jan:
Spytek Rogatian Jordan; Wojciech Ludwik Jordan, and Konstancja Urszula Walewska - married Stanisław J zef Walewski 1740-1770 with children:
Bogumił Gabriel Walewski 1750-1814
{his daughter Konstancja Salomea J zefa Walewska married to Wincenty Walewski b. 1785 d. 1819},
and Kunegunda Szembek born in 1760 / 1766 - d. 1828 wife of Ignacy J zef Szembek 1740-1835 MP in 1788, officer in Ostrzeszow 1777-1793 with son Piotr Szembek 1788-1866 General, Freemason, 1813 in Gdańsk married to Fryderyka Becu de Tavernier,
with son Aleksander Szembek (1815-1884)]

who died in 1735;
Ignacy BLESZYNSKI was owner of Zloczew
(Bujn w - 3 km west of Zloczew and 9 km north-east of Dymki and close to Lututow, Borzęckie, Czarna, Cegielnia, Gr jec Mały, Huta Szklana / Szklana Huta, Huta Stara, Miklesz, Stanisław w, Złoczewska Wieś, Złoczewska Wola and Zapowiednik, inf. by Wikipedia; 1773 - Grodzice and Łagiewniki),
MP in 1809, 1811 of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, officer in Brodnica, very active member of the 1794 Insurection (battle of Sieradz; see Madalinski and Uminski) in the Sieradz province; married Petronela Radoliński.
With son Ignacy Franciszek Błeszyński b. 1783, m. ANNA ca 1810.
With 3 grandchildren:
Teodora Błeszyńska b. ca 1825 married 1852 in Wierzbie, near Tczyca to Henryk Kacper Tarczałowski - his brothers:
Roman Ignacy Tarczałowski b. 1810, Krzepice + Sylwia Bleszynska;
Bolesław Tarczałowski b. 1818 - d. ca 1874, in Cieszęcin;
Wincenty Antoni Tarczałowski born 1820, in Krzepice.

Brief on the CICHOWICZ family:
CICHOWICZ of Zydaczow in 1764 with son Marcin d. 1833 m. Małgorzata Wieczorkiewicz, with
1. Rozalia Bednarski;
2. Marianna b. 1795, m. 1835 to Antoni Felicjan Karśnicki, 1789-1836, owner of Kuźnica Marianowa, son of Wincenty Karśnicki, owner of Dembe, and Rożdzały + Franciszka Bajkowska;
3. Franciszka CICHOWICZ m. Jan Karśnicki;
and last son (No 9) Antoni owner of Dank w close Częstochowa, officer in Złoczewa, m. in 1828 to J zefa Błeszyńska daughter of Stanisław Błeszyński and Konstancja Wężyk.

On the Kalinowskis:

BRODY in Podolia - first to the Paszkowskis, next to the Kalinowski family.
Kamionka Bużańska / Kamionka Strumiłowa, 1857 owner was Count Karol Mier, heir of the family Kalinowski; Kalinowski Samuel Jerzy (1621-1652), son of Marcina 1588-1652, and Duches Helena Korecka, owner of Bracław, Lityń and Lubecz, Łoj w, Konotop and Husiatyn, in 1646, then also Czernihow; m. to daughter of Jerzy Ossoliński - Urszula Brygida; his son Marcin Adam, 1640 / 1650-1701, of Husiatyn, had daughter married to MORSZTYN Jakub Władysław.
Żwaniec in Podolia, estate of Walenty Kalinowski, General.
HUSIATYN, 1630 castle of above Marcin Kalinowski, and his family Kalinowski in 1795; 7 km south of Husiatyn is situated Sidorow, with the Kalinowskis castle in the XVIII century.

Children of above named landowner and revolutionary Nestor Trubecki / Nester Troubetzkoy or Kalinowski / Trubeckoj born 1832 or 1840 in Cracow and died in Cracow or in Warsaw, Congress Poland in 1907:
1. professor Nestorovich Paul Troubetskoy / Павел Трубецкой / Pavel Trubecki son of Nestor / Pawel Trubecki (TROUBETZKOY, was born in Congress Poland 1879); with title of Prince; died in 1941 in Tallinn; in Orsza, Belarus, 1903 was married to Maria Makeiewna Dobrzinska (Maria daughter of Maciej Dobrzynski born in Orsza on August the 1st or 8th, 1887 and died in Tallinn on 22 March 1974).
Pavel Trubecki was a member of the Polish Socialist Party of J zef Pilsudski, "was a partisan of Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz, a member of The Special Unit of Belarusian People's Republic in Estonia (Asobny Atrad BNR in Estonia) and veteran of Estonian War of Independence. By 1905 Jozef Pilsudski's party, the Polish Socialist Party, of which Pawel Trubecki was a member, was the largest socialist party in the entire Russian Empire. Failing in his purpose, Trubecki left Congress Poland in 1906, and moved to Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia). (Pawel Trubecki / Pavel Trubiacki / Paul Troubetzkoy moved from Orsha / Orsza to Tallinn in 1906, at the end of this year probably - but all his family to 1908).
In 1906, as a stable government was re-established in the province, a Neo-Romantic literary movement 'Young Estonia' (Noor-Eesti) took hold there. Pawel Trubecki got the Nansen passport".
His children:
Jan Michal / Ivan Mihkel Trubecki / Pavlovich Troubetzkoy born in Orsza 1906, died in Tallinn 1971 with wife Alma Koidu;
second - Anjuta Pavlovna Gorbachev / Gorbaczow b. Tallinn in 1908, died Tallinn 2004 with husband A. Gorbachev, proprietor of houses in Tallinn;
third Aleksander Trubetskoi / Alexander Pavlovich Troubetzkoy b. Tallinn 1913, d. 1941 with wife Linda;
fourth (see also below) - Wladymir / Vladimir Trubetsky / Wladimir Trubetskoi / Vladimir Waloc Troubetzkoy, b. 5.10.1915, d. 22.4.1997 with wife Gerda Tiksmann and second wife 1935 Lydia Maripuu born Dundaga 1915, died in Muuga Aedlinn 1990
(Muuga aedlinn - Muuga garden city is area in the western part of the town of Maardu, Estonia; it's located just east of Tallinn's Pirita district and Maardu is a town and a municipality in Harju County, Estonia and it is part of the east Tallinn metropolitan area; Nomme is south-west part of Tallinn):
his child - Jan Trubecki / Jaan Trubetsky, born in Tallinn on 29.12.1938 and his children with Leili Rikk:
Tonu Trubetsky (+ Anu Klyszejko) and Toomas Trubetsky and also with Dagmar:
Tonis Trubetski and Toivo Trubetski.

Above named Vladimir Trubetskoy was a member of the Polish Home Army born 1915 died 1997 and his son was above Jan Trubetskoy born 1938.

2. Gerasim / Herasim Trubecki / Gerasimos vel Gerasim Nestorovich Trubecki, doctor, born 1866 / 1870 / 1880 or after 1870 and died in Paris; scientist.
3. four (5?) unknown:
an unknown oil magnate in Baku who was born ca 1870s and died ca April 28, 1920 in Baku; he was chemist in oil industry in Bakou;
the second unknown, captain of the soviet icebreaker 'Yermak' / Ermak,
and two (or three) unknown daughters.

The genealogical research are directed to show that
Nestor Troubetzkoy (with nickname Nester Kalinowski) had a sister Maria Trubecki / Troubetzkoy.
His sister's name would be given by the mother Maria of the Kalinowski house: Mary Kalinowski who had affinities with family of Oginski; in turn, this family was associated with the Radziwills and then with the Konstantynowiczs in Miezonki.
Duchess Maria Troubeckoy probably born about 1840 or after 1840, married Konstantinovich - genealogical research go towards demonstrating that her husband's name was Vasily / Wasyl.
Wasilij or Vasily Konstantynowicz was born about 1840.
Therefore, we have strong links between the 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zaporozhya / Zaporoze / Alexandrovsk and with Estonia, including Tallinn, Viljandi and Parnu. These relations also apply Miezonki, Lodz, the secret Pilsudski movement (Andrzejak, Wankowicz, Trubecki) in Belarus and Estonia and the smuggling of weapons from Russia to Galicia by (Spychalski, Andrzejak) Lodz.
Two families: Kalinowski and Paszkowski [see Armand], has a lot connections. Count Joseph Kalinowski fought in the Polish Legions, among others between 1806 and 1807 - Silesia, Westphalia, etc. Similarly, the colonel and then general Franciszek Paszkowski. Both participated in the Napoleonic wars, years 1812-1813. Returned to the country in 1814. Then Paszkowski, and Kalinowski, have made a Free City of Krakow (ca 1819) and established families. Their children were born just after 1816 [see Moscow and the Armands]. Both have completed military service in the rank of general. Both family came from south of the former Poland, after in the Russian zone, and also in the Austrian partition, but had a relationships with families living in Russia.

The Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski line:

This is the Kiedzynski family line from Wola Wiazowa in the 19th cent. [in the 2nd half of the 20th cent. it's the author's family], affinity with the Pradzynski home, also in Wilkowo Polskie under the Prussian border in the 18th-19th centuries, and near to KALISZ in the 18th century, close to OPOCZNO in the 20th century, and in Wola Pszczolecka [compare: Sulimierski from LUBIEC {guerrilla of 1833}, Soltyk {note on 1831 November Uprising}, Walewski from Jedlno and Wieruszow, Kalinowski-Oginski-Ronne-Trubecki branch + Mielzynski-Bninski-Fiszer line of CHOBIENICE-KROTOSZYN-Gorzdy/Gargzdai].

Strong political ties connected them with {Freemasonry and the fight for independent Poland - Kosciuszko-Fiszer-General Franciszek Paszkowski + Armand-Konstantynowicz-Japaridze in Moscow + Duflon-Breguet} the independence conspiracy linked to Erasmus Mycielski / ERAZM Mycielski, Ignacy Pradzynski, Kalasanty Szaniawski, and thus indirectly with General Fraciszek Paszkowski [+ Horodyski, Maleszewski, Venture, Breguet, Neyman and the TEMPLARS], General Tadeusz Kosciuszko [see Jefferson and Illuminati movement], and through the family of BREZA to General Stanislaw Fiszer and his wife Fiszer - Kwilecka.

The MYCIELSKI family and the Polish secret independence organizations:

Stanislaw Mycielski born on November 9, 1767 in Nowa Wies near Wronki, died on February 3, 1813 in Poznan;
Polish independence activist, colonel of the Napoleonic army.
Mycielski Stanislaw was the younger son of J zef, official in Inowroclaw, and Franciszka Kozminska;
He took his initial studies in Gostyn, then he studied in Paris.
During the Kosciuszko Uprising in 1794 STANISLA MYCIELSKI was a member of the administrative commission of the Poznan province, but the Prussian authorities after the fall of the insurrection found him innocent. He continued the struggle for independence after the Third Partition in 1795, and maintained contact with General Stanislaw Fiszer [compare: General Tadeusz Kosciuszko; Jefferson; General Franciszek Paszkowski; Wirydianna Fiszer].
In November 1806, General Jan Henryk Dabrowski sent a special letter to STANISLAW Mycielski, calling for him to undertake a propaganda campaign in Poznan for Napoleon and France.
Stanislaw Mycielski died during the smallpox epidemic; due to his medical education, he tried to help his peasants using the Jenner vaccination. Edward Jenner (born on May 17, 1749 in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, died on January 26, 1823) - English physician, discoverer of smallpox immunization. See BECU in Scotland!
STANISLAW's MYCIELSKI wife, Anna Mielzynski (died on March 1, 1840), previously divorced Bonawentura Gajewski b. ca 1760

[BONAWENTURA's father - Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski b. 1714, d. 1775 + Tworzyanska.
RAFAL's GAJEWSKI 2nd wife was JOZEFA MIELZYNSKA (see below on Jozefa MIELZYNSKI)],

also participated in the pro-Polish and pro-Napoleonic activities

[1767-1840;
the daughter of
Maciej Mielzynski 1733-ca 1793 and Seweryna LIPSKA

{MACIEJ's son - Prokop Mielzynski 1763-1800 + Css Katarzyna Mielzynska 1775-1817

[[KATARZYNA's parents:
Count Maksymilian Antoni Jan Mielzynski 1738-1799 + Konstancja Hutten-Czapska 1749-1813.
KATARZYNA's grandparents:
Andrzej Mielzynski official in Kcynia, 1698-1771; Anna Petronela Bninska 1720-1771; Jakub Hutten-Czapski; Rozalia Ewa Hutten-Czapska, 1715-1769.

KATARZYNA's daughter -
Konstancja Mielzynska 1799-1844 + Count Maciej Mielzynski - insurgent in 1831]]};

the granddaughter of
Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski 1682-1738 + Krystyna Skalawska 1690-1762;
the great-granddaughter of
Maciej Mielzynski (1636-1697) - official in Srem.

Mielzynski Maciej (1636-1697), of SREM; the son of Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI and Elzbieta Niegolewski.
MACIEJ was born in Niegolewo, MP in 1659; in 1660 official in KCYNIA].

Stanislaw and Anna Mielzynski Gajewska, had 6 children:
Franciszek, Michal, Ludwik and J zef;
daughters Konstancja Wiktoria (wife of J zef Breza) and Seweryna (wife of J zef Sokolnicki).

Note to Jozefa Mielzynska GAJEWSKA:

STANISLAW's MYCIELSKI wife, Anna Mielzynski (died on March 1, 1840), previously divorced Bonawentura Gajewski b. ca 1760.
BONAWENTURA's father - Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski b. 1714, d. 1775 + Tworzyanska.
RAFAL's GAJEWSKI 2nd wife was JOZEFA MIELZYNSKA.

Note to MIELZYNSKI:
Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and TERESA had sons:

1. Krzysztof Mielzynski,

[governor of Przemet (1717-1721), the official in Kcynia (1693), 1670-1721, with son Andrzej Mielzynski, 1698-1771, m. Anna Petronela Bninska 1720-1771, and grandson Maksymilian Antoni Jan Mielzynski, b. 1738 - Laszczyn, died in 1799 - Pawlowice, the owner of PAWLOWICE, m. in 1771, Mierzyszyn, to Konstancja Hutten-Czapska, 1749-1813; with daughter Css Katarzyna Mielzynska 1775-1817, m. Prokop Mielzynski, lieutenant (1793), 1763-1800];
2.
Franciszek Mielzynski

[Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, 1682-1738, the owner of CHOBIENICE; with children:

1. daughter
J zefa Mielzynska, ca 1729-1752, m. Rafal Tadeusz Gajewski,
and granddaughter Wiktoria Jakobina Gajewska b. in 1749, m. Jan J zef Kwilecki 1729-1789.
2.
J zef Klemens Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI, the owner of CHOBIENICE, governor of Kalisz (1758-1763), Poznan (1763-1782), Kalisz (1782-1786), Poznan (1786-1792), 1729-1792; m. Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska, 1718-1797
{Leon Raczynski, 1698 - died 1750, son of Michal Kazimierz Raczynski, was also the husband of Wirydiana Mielzynska-BNINSKA}.
Compare:
Wiridianna / Wiridiana Radolinska - her grandparents:
J zef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa, 1680-1740; Teresa Swinarska 1700-1771; Leon Raczynski 1698-1755; Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska 1718-1797 {she was married twice};
her parents: J zef Stanislaw Radolinski of Wschowa 1730-1781; Katarzyna Raczynska 1744-1792.

Wiridianna Radolinska, 1761-1826, m. 1st in ca 1780 to Antoni Maciej Konstanty Kwilecki, chamberlein of the King, b. 1764 son of Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki 1725-1794 and Teresa Agnieszka Sczaniecka 1740-1807; Wiridianna Radolinska 1761-1826 m. 2nd in 1806 to General Stanislaw Fiszer 1759-1812, son of Karol Ludwik Fiszer, General Major, 1730-1783 + Joanna Luiza Elzbieta von Luck 1738-1788.

Wirydianna Fiszerowa / Fiszer / Wirydianna Radolinska, Kwilecka b. in Wyszyny, d. in Dzialyn in 1826 (Dzialyn - a village in the administrative district of Klecko, in west-central Poland, at way from Klecko to Gniezno); she known Frederick II of Prussia, Izabela Czartoryska, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, J zef Poniatowski, Jan Henryk Dabrowski, and Tadeusz Kosciuszko; her sisters: Katarzyna b. 1762, and Antonina b. 1770.
Chobienice appear for the first time in the diaries of Wirydianna due to the changes in the live of her family after the Prussian annexation. The parents decided to move from Lobzenica to Winnog ra, but the kids were send to grandmother. Later, along with her mother and sister, Wirydianna a lot of time spent in Chobienice's mansion; Chobienice belonged at that time to the second husband of grandmother - the governor Joseph / JOZEF Mielzynski
[J zef Klemens Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI, the owner of CHOBIENICE, governor of Kalisz (1758-1763), Poznan (1763-1782), Kalisz (1782-1786), Poznan (1786-1792), 1729-1792; m. Wirydianna / Wirydiana Bninska-Mielzynska-Raczynska, 1718-1797].
His father Franciszek Mielzynski / Francis [Franciszek Walenty Mielzynski, 1682-1738, the owner of CHOBIENICE] in the 30s and 40s of the eighteenth century built a new residence by Adam Stier.
When Wirydianna Radolinska-Kwilecka, already the wife of Anthony / Antoni Kwilecki, spent time in Winnog ra, her mother moved to Chobienice.
The construction of classicist palace of Catherine Radolinska [Katarzyna Raczynska-RADOLINSKA, 1744-1792; Katarzyna born Raczynska in 1744, to Leon Raczynski b. in 1698, and Wirydianna Raczynska-Mielzynska-Bninska b. in 1718. Katarzyna had sister Estera; Katarzyna married J zef Radolinski] began in 1786-1788, by Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer, under the direction of Antoni H hne.
In 1793, Wirydianna Radolinska-Kwilecka moved to Chobienice, with independence from her husband; after her divorce from first husband Wirydianna left with two children and settled in Warsaw. It was there that she met General Stanislaw Fiszer, to whom she married in 1806.

PETRONELA Radolinska (b. ca 1764?-1821), was a daughter of Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 and Brygida or Maria Brygida Galecki / Brygida Malecka; Petronela nee Radolinska was granddaughter of J zef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740.
J zef Stefan Radolinski lived at the court of Polish King, Jan III Sobieski; clerk in Wschowa (see Sulkowski). J zef Stefan had 7 children: youngest son Jan Radolinski 1726-1796 was owner of Jarocin, but his brother
J zef Stanislaw was officer in Wschowa and in 1757 J zef Stanislaw married to Katarzyna Raczynska (see Kiedrzynski).

J zef Stanislaw Radolinski born 1730 - died in 1781 in Winnog ra, the Szamotuly County, was father of Antonina Maria Breza and Wiridianna / Wirydianna Fiszer-Kwilecka (see General Stanislaw Fiszer, Radolinski of Wola Pszczolecka, General Franciszek Paszkowski, Armand + Konstantynowicz, Lenin + Inessa Armand, Tadeusz Kosciuszko).

J zef Stefan Radolinski of Wschowa b. 1680 - died in 1740 was brother of Zofia Walewska 1677 - 1723 who married Kazimierz Walewski. Kazimierz Walewski was son of Stanislaw Walewski and Katarzyna Lanckoronska.

Teodora Ludwika Walewska, Marianna Radolinska and J zef Kazimierz Colonna Walewski b. ca 1710, d. 1763 (he had son Atanazy Colonna-Walewski 1733-1815 and daughter Jadwiga Walewska who married in 1762 in Bielawy to Michal / Michael Walewski 1735 / 1740 - 1806) were children of Kazimierz Walewski and Zofia.

3.
MACIEJ Mielzynski, 1733 - 1793, the owner of CHOBIENICE],

and daughters of Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and TERESA:
Zofia Anna m. Adam Kozminski, official in Kalisz;
Ludwika MIELZYNSKA, 1st married Rafal Tworzyjanski, official in Wschowa, 2nd to Adam Poninski;
Franciszka, m. Andrzej Zakrzewski.

Maciej Mielzynski (1636 or born 1638-1697) and Katarzyna MYCIELSKA GORZYCKA MIELZYNSKA

{MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki}

had children:
1.
Elzbieta, m. Franciszek Wessel, official in Zakroczym;
2.
Urszula MIELZYNSKA + Antoni Walknowski

{Urszula Wierusz-Walknowska MIELZYNSKA, died in 1743;
URSZULA Walknowska Mielzynska was the half-sister of ANNA GORZYCKA.
Urszula was the mother of Owidiusz Wierusz-Walknowski - the husband of BRYGIDA BARDZKA

[BRYGIDA BARDZKA was the daughter of Wojciech Marek Bardzki d. 1770]

- see Jakub KIEDRZYNSKI junior}.
On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.
Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn Bardzki of Wrzesnia, died in 1793, and
Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and
Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska ARNOLD, b. 1770 {in Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811; he was 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw. Witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ},
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.
Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski [compare the Pradzynskis and the Kiedrzynskis of WOLA WIAZOW ! - the family of the author to this domain].
3.
Marianna Krystyna;
4.
and son Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski b. 1670, d. in Pawlowice in 1721, in 1693 official in KCYNIA; 1717 governor of Przemet.

Krzysztof Ignacy Mielzynski born before 1670 in Dabrowa (Kaisersfelde), close to Mogilno - west to RADZIEJOW. He was the son of
Maciej Mielzynski, born in 1636 in Niegolewo west to Poznan, close to Opalenica; d. 1697 in Goscieszyn near Wolsztyn (Wollstein).
Married in 1667 to Elzbieta Baranowska - she died in 1682.
Krzysztof MIELZYNSKI married in 1682 to Anna Goszycka / Gorzycka - she died in 1733, the daughter of Andrzej Goszycki / GORZYCKI and KATARZYNA MYCIELSKA, d. 1712.
MACIEJ MIELZYNSKI m. 3rd in Pawlowice in 1684 to Katarzyna Mycielska Gorzycka, daughter of Krzysztof MYCIELSKI and Teresa Grodziecka; KATARZYNA was the widow after Adam Gorzycki or Andrzej Gorzycki.
Krzysztof had the son Andrzej Walenty Mielzynski, 1698-1771; born in 1698 - Goscieszyn close to - Wolsztyn (Wollstein); 9 km south-east to WOLSZTYN,
8 km north-east to WRONIAWY; north-west to PRZEMET; 18 km north-west to WILKOWO POLSKIE of Kiedrzyski-Zamoyski family. See Pradzynski-Kiedrzynski line. Compare Wola Wiazowa.
Andrzej Mielzynski d. 1771 in Pawlowice. Married in 1734 to Anna Petronella Bninska, b. before 1720 in GLOGOW - d. 1770, the daughter of Stanislaw Bninski + JOANNA Krzycka.
Andrzej's son -
Maksymilian Antoni Mielzynski, 1738-1799,
born in Laszczyn - Cieladz [close to RAWA MAZOWIECKA]; d. in Pawlowice. Married in 1771 in Mierzeszyn (Meisterswalde) close to Trabki Wielkie, the Gdansk Pomeranie, to Konstancja Czapska, 1749-1813. Her daughter:
Katarzyna Regina Barbara Cecylia Mielzynski, b. in 1775 in Rabin (Rombin), close to Koscian; d. 1817 in the Chobienice - Siedlec estate near Wolsztyn, and the PRUSSIAN border.
Married in 1793 in Pawlowice (Pawlowitz) to Prokop Rufin Jozef Mielzynski, 1763-1800, the son of Hipolit Maciej Jozef Mielzynski 1733-1797 + Seweryna Lipska d. 1801, with daughter
Gabriela Maria Konstancja J zefa Mielzynski POTULICKA OGINSKA, b. 1798 in Kotowo - Granowo, close to Grodzisk Wielkopolski and south-west to Poznan; d. 1822 in Nice, France.

Olga Kalinowska born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus, in 1844, and her son Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849.
She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 who married to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki
[compare above mentioned MIELZYNSKI of PAWLOWICE and WOLSZTYN].

We back to MYCIELSKI:

Stanislaw's MYCIELSKI father - JOZEF MYCIELSKI, 1733-1789, born in Leszno, d. in Breslau / Wroclaw,
General lieutenant in 1761, commander of the 1st Lithuanian Division, general-adjutant in 1755, official in Inowroclaw in 1784-1789, in Konin in 1756.

Jozef was the son of Maciej Mycielski and Weronika Konarzewski, d. 1762.
Jozef Mycielski was the deputy of the Starodub county to Parliament in 1754, of Kalisz in 1761. On May 7, 1764, in Poznan, he signed a manifesto recognizing the presence of Russian troops as illegal during king's election.

JOZEF's father - Maciej Mycielski b. 1690, died 1747 in Szubin, official in Poznan in 1737-1747, in KALISZ in 1732-1737; the son of
Adam Jan Mycielski born in 1663,
and
grandson of MIKOLAJ Mycielski d. 1686.

MIKOLAJ MYCIELSKI was the brother of Katarzyna Radolinska (wife of ANDRZEJ RADOLINSKI) and Krzysztof Mycielski

(Krzysztof was the father of Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707, official in KALISZ

[Andrzej Mycielski was the father of J zef Mycielski; Teresa Skoroszewska; Krzysztof Maksymilian Mycielski; Stanislaw Adam Mycielski; Jan Ignacy Mycielski b. after 1690 / in 1696 - died in 1790

(Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski had the son
Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy;
and grandson, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794)];

and Krzysztof was the father of Katarzyna Mielzynska and Zofia Miaskowska).

MACIEJ Mycielski b. ca 1690
was the brother of Zofia Mycielska and Katarzyna Lacka
{compare: Jan MYCIELSKI / John Mycielski, a lieutenant of the royal army, m. Domicella Horodynski. Jan was the grandfather of famous mason and conspirator ERAZM - Erasmus Mycielski}.
MACIEJ Mycielski ca 1715 married Weronika Konarzewska (1699-1762), from Konin. In 1715 he secured her dowry and wrote down a mutual life sentence with her. As the last of her family, she brought great possessions to her husband and brother. Maciej owned Szamotuly and Gostyn in the Poznan province, Szubin south-west to Bydgoszcz, and Tuliszk w north-west to TUREK, in the Kalisz province; Hrynki in the Nowogr dek prov. and Kulikowicze in Volhynia / Wolyn. He died in Szubin, he was buried in Gostyn.

The conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3. Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski, Andrzej Kapostas, Michal Kochanowski, Alexander Linowski, Stanislaw Woyczynski, Ludwik Gutakowski, Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki, Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
To the second group belonged radical activists of conspiracy, among whom we find Freemasons as:
Eliasz Aloe, Piotr Grosmani, Joachim Muszynski,
Erazm Mycielski,
J zef Herman Pawlikowski, Stanislaw Wegrzecki i Wojciech Boguslawski.
The Warsaw leftists, the activists of the conspiracy founded on April 21, 1794, the Jacobin club.
On January 1, 1808, the "Brothers of the United France and Poles" camp was established in Poznan.
The lodge in 1814 had 233 brothers. The master was Gen. Wincenty Axamitowski, and also, for some time, Prince J zef Poniatowski.
Axamitowski was a military commander of Poznan. Among the brothers were:
Col. Stanislaw Mycielski,
prefect of the department J zef Poninski,
president of Poznan Bernard Rose,
count Kacper Skarbek,
general Jan Henryk Dabrowski,
general Kazimierz Turno,
general Antoni "Amilkar" Kosinski,
count Aleksander Bninski,
count Melchior Lacki and others.

General Stanislaw Fiszer:
General Tadeusz Kosciuszko showed to him Wirydianna Kwilecka, nee Radolinska; then he traveled to Italy, England, Holland and Germany, where in the local libraries studied the works of the military. The summer of 1802 - visited Warsaw and met Jozef Poniatowski.
Stanislaw FISZER settled then in the Great Poland, where Mycielski gave him the property.
Fiszer lived in Koninko in 1803 - 17 km south-east to POZNAN.
In 1775 in the Koninko estate, divided a land, after the death in 1774 of Gorecki; witnesses: General Jan Zakrzewski and Teresa Gorecki - the spouses; Teresa was widowed after 1st husband General J zef Gorecki; General Jan Zakrzewski and Teresa Gorecki Zakrzewska were the heirs of the deceased already Wojciech Dzierzbinski.

The Society of Polish Republicans was the Polish secret organization, in Warsaw on October 1, 1798 to mid-1801; with contact to the Deputation in Paris, and General Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Paris.
The main activists were:
Jan Orchowski / John Aloysius Orchowski,
Raymond Rembielinski [see Wiktor Rembielinski],
Andrzej HORODYSKI / Andrew Horodyski and
Erazm Mycielski / Erasmus Mycielski.

The Polish-French lodge "Les Freres Francais et Polonais reunis", at first was presided over by Stanislaw Mycielski, then by Gen. Wincenty Axamitowski.

In October 1810 in Poznan, a female lodge "Eden Garden" was created; The Grand Master was the wife of General Jan Henryk Dabrowski - Barbara Chlapowska DABROWSKA.

Les Freres Anglais et Fran ais R unis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, subsidiaries of the French Grand Orient, and consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; the champion for a long time was general Wincenty Axamitowski.
On January 1, 1808, the "Brothers of the United France and Poles" camp was established in Poznan.
Members:
Colonel Stanislaw Mycielski,
J zef Poninski, Aleksander Zychlinski, Augustyn Zaborowski, Bernard Rose, Count Kacper Skarbek,
Wiktor Szoldrski,
General Henryk Dabrowski,
General Amilkar Kosinski,
Count Aleksander Bninski,
Kazimierz Turno, Count Melchior Lacki.
In 1812 Faustyn Zakrzewski a master; and Jozef Poniatowski;
others members of the Freemasonry:
Barbara Dabrowska, Julianna Poninska, Karolina Palombini, Jaraczewska, Wincentyna Axamitowska, Eufemia Kwasniewska, Sulkowska, and Augustyna Zablocka;
Lasocki in Lomza,
General Kretkowski in Leczyca,
Plichta in Plock,
Franciszek Mickiewicz,
General Stanislaw Mielzynski,
Maximilian and Adam Moszczenski.

ANDRZEJ HORODYSKI in 1802,
became a shareholder of the Trzycieski, Horodyski et comp. - commercial house, which was also opened in Odessa, to which they also received:
P. Maleszewski
[see Venture de Paradise / Sulkowski / Napoleon, and Breguet - Duflon in Russia + Konstantynowicz, Nobel, Armand],
J. K. Szaniawski
[he come from area of Wieruszow and J. K. Szaniawski was the family of Erazm Mycielski. General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski approached Gen. Dabrowski's opponents - he became friend with J zef Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrzej Horodyski, with whom he was later considered, at the time of the Duchy of Warsaw, as one of the leaders of "Polish Jacobins"]
and J. Drzewiecki
[see DUFLON in St. Petersburg co-operated with DRZEWIECKI - his family. Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand, the lover of Lenin].

ERAZM MYCIELSKI:

Jan MYCIELSKI, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski with the son
Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy;
and grandson, Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794.

Above JAN = Jan Ignacy Mycielski b. after 1690 / in 1696-1790, the son of
Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707 official in KALISZ;
grandson of Krzysztof Mycielski.

Erazm Mycielski b. 1769 in Kamieniec Podolski, died 1800 Kalisz, Colonel in 1794, son of Aleksander Mycielski General; 1775 served the Regiment of Poninski. Captain 1788. Campaigns in 1792 in Lithuania.
The Kosciuszko Uprising 1794. He was a member of the conspiracy, preparing the uprising of Kosciuszko; promoted by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
He was one of the founders of the Polish Society (1798). He was involved in the conspiracy in the Great Poland.

Above Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818, the Crown Army lieutenant general, envoy. Aleksander Mycielski 1723 - 1818,
was son of Jan MYCIELSKI / John Mycielski, a lieutenant of the royal army and Domicella Horodynski.
JAN was a friend of Joseph Alexander Sulkowski.

Above Aleksander J zef Sulkowski, 1695 - 1762,
in 1733-1738 the Saxon Electorate prime minister, Count and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, chamberlain of Augustus III, 1734 Saxon Infantry Major General, grew up at the royal court, was the closest adviser the King and Elector Augustus III. Prince Alexander Joseph died in Leszno in 1762, had a four sons from his first marriage.

Mycielski Erazm alias ERASMUS (1769-1800) - after the fall of the uprising in 1794, Erazm found support in his father's Wyszki estate close to Pleszew, and in neighboring Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, close to the sister Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski.
Erazm Mycielski did not abandon underground work [the winter 1794/1795] and already in the early spring of 1795 he managed the Greater Poland organization, which developed among others relationship in Kalisz [see the Kiedrzynskis].
Erazm Mycielski was a supporter of the Deputation, he was under influence of Dionizy Mniewski, Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski and J zef Kalasanty Szaniawski, but he did not share their stand to Tadeusz Kosciuszko and Jan Henryk Dabrowski.
Erazm in the Great Poland was in contact with the military conspiracy of J. H. Dabrowski in Warsaw; he was at first one of DABROWSKI's courier.
On February 19, 1796, Erazm Mycielski went with Dabrowski from Warsaw to Berlin to discuss with French representatives, A. B. Caillard, and with P. Parandier, the project of establishing Polish military formations with the help of France. In Berlin, Erazm also was the representative of the Central Assembly in Warsaw.
After the arrest of members in April 1796, Mycielski destroyed the papers; then he played a major role in the creation of a new secret organization - instructions were sent from Paris; a proclamation of General Franciszek Rymkiewicz was calling for the unification of patriotic efforts.
Erazm Mycielski set up the secret congress in Warsaw in September / Oct. 1796. He also contacted General Karol Kniaziewicz.
The Society was preparing in 1797-1799 an armed uprising in the country based on France; Erazm Mycielski visited the Great Poland, Kujawy, Leczyca, and Sieradz to expand the network of secret relationships, and organized an interviews. In February 1799 "he had more than two hundred people in the Great Poland".
He wrote about it to his friend Bardzki on 14 October 1799, that "... silence seem to dominate and that all hopes have gone up in smoke."
Erazm Mycielski died on February 28, 1800 in Kalisz.
Erazm left his wife Ludwika Bardzka [born ca 1760/1770], perhaps of Mieleszyn - Kobierzyck origin, whom he married after the dispensation of the archbishop.
The widow remarried to Hilary Radzik in KALISZ.

Erazm's Mycielski sister in Magnuszewice / Magnuszowice, Ludwika Mycielski married to Idzi Moskorzewski. After the divorce with Idzi Moskorzewski, named Ludwika Moskorzewska Mycielska was married J zef Kalasanty Szaniawski.

The RADZIWILL - Mycielski branch:

Anna Luiza Mycielska born in 1729, was the daughter of
Weronika KONARZEWSKA MYCIELSKA and her husband
Maciej Mycielski b. 1690 - d. 1747;
granddaughter of
Adam Jan Mycielski b. 1663, and Anna Tuczynska;
great-granddaughter of
MIKOLAJ Mycielski d. 1686.

Named MIKOLAJ MYCIELSKI was the brother of Katarzyna Radolinska (wife of ANDRZEJ RADOLINSKI) and Krzysztof Mycielski.

Named Krzysztof was the father of Andrzej Mycielski ca 1650-1707, official in KALISZ.

Mentioned Anna Luiza Mycielska born 1729 - Lw w, d. 1771 - Drezno, buried in Nieswiez, m. in 1744, Lw w, to Leon Michal Radziwill, 1722-1751; 2nd married in 1754, Lw w, to Michal Kazimierz Radziwill 1702-1762.
Her son with the first husband was Maciej Radziwill, MP, official in Wilno (1790-1795) , + Elzbieta Chodkiewicz.
And her grandson was the conspirator -
Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill 1793-1869,
m. 1st Maria Aleksandra Grabowska 1788-1826; 2nd to Celestyna Celina Sulistrowska 1805-1836; 3rd to Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka.

Duke Antoni Jablonowski was the Polish conspirator - 1821.

but remember:
J zefa Mycielska b. ca 1720 m. Dymitr Hipolit Aleksander Jablonowski

{the son of Jan Stanislaw Aleksander Jablonowski 1669-1731 - who had also a son
Stanislaw Wincenty Jablonowski 1694-1754
and the grandson ANTONI BARNABA Jablonowski, 1732-1799;
and great-grandson General major Stanislaw Pawel 1762-1822;
the great-great-grandson was Antoni Michal Jablonowski, 1793-1855 + Paulina Wandalin-Mniszech 1798-1863}

and named Dymitr was the official in Swiecie, KOLO, and in Kowel; Dymitr was living in 1706-1788.
Dymitr had the son KAROL 1768-1841, and the daughter Joanna Jablonowska b. 1753.

Named
Antoni Michal Jablonowski - CONSPIRATOR,
the prince in Ostrog, Maryampol and Podkamien; born 1793 in Warsaw - died 1855 in Annopol; member of the Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland, chamberlain of the emperor of the Russian Empire, prince of the Congress Kingdom in 1820; a Polish conspiracy activist to 1826.

Stanislaw Pawel Jablonowski and Teodora Walewska were the parents of Antoni.

Teodora Potocka - Walewska - Jablonowska, died in 1826; the daughter of Michal Walewski

{Michal Walewski 1740 - 1806; the son of Marcin Walewski
(Marcin Walewski 1700 - 1761 was son of Franciszek Walewski from Sieradz, 1670-1733)
and Magdalena Antonina SZEMBEK
[Marek Szembek b. circa 1700, d. 1744, son of Antoni Felicjan Szembek and Ewa Apolonia; husband of Jadwiga; father of Paulina / Paula Oginska; brother of J zef Eustachy Szembek, and Magdalena Antonina Walewska].
Michal Walewski 1735 or 1740 - 1806, Voivode of Sieradz 1785-1792.
Michal Walewski m. 2nd to Ksawera Marianna Jadwiga Turno, with children:
Teresa Walewska 1776 - 1856 m. Adam Bierzynski,
Karolina Teresa Walewska 1778 - 1846 m. 1st Aleksander Franciszek Chodkiewicz 1776 - 1838, m. 2nd to Aleksander Golicyn 1789 - 1858;
J zef Walewski 1780 - 1813;
Hieronim Jerzy Walewski b. ca 1780 m. Cecylia Potocka 1783 - 1861.
Above named Michal 1735 / 1740 - 1806 m. 3rd to Szczesna Feliksa Kokoszka-Michalowska 1770-1844.
Michal Walewski in 1788-1792 put forward the project of expansion of the Polish army to 100 000 soldiers; the Speaker of the Bar Confederation of Cracow province in 1771. A member of the Andrzej Mokronowski confederation, with Stanislaw August Poniatowski;
he was the son of Marcin Walewski / Martin (d. 1761) who married 1st to Antonina Magdalene Szembek b. circa 1710, d. 1744, daughter of Antoni Felicjan Szembek.
Marcin Walewski married 2nd to Marcjanna Romer (d. 1761).
Jozefina or J zefa Walewska nee Lubomirska married to Brigadier Adam Walewski, brother of Michal Walewski, the Voivode / governor of Sieradz}

and Jadwiga

{above Jadwiga Colonna-Walewska / Walewski, born 1740 / 1744 to J zef Colonna-Walewski and Ludwika Colonna-Walewska. J zef was born in 1700 / 1710, in Walewice. Jadwiga had brother Anastazy Colonna-Walewski. Jadwiga married Michal Walewski. Michal was born in 1735/1740/1750, officer in Sieradz}.

Teodora Potocka - Walewska - Jablonowska, died in 1826, the daughter of Michal Walewski, the wife of Stanislaw Potocki and Stanislaw Pawel Jablonowski. Mother of Antoni Jablonowski and Stanislaw Potocki - Jablonowski.
Half sister to Teresa Bierzynska; Karolina Teresa Chodkiewicz; J zef Walewski; Hieronim Jerzy Walewski and Wojciech Walewski.

Antoni Jablonowski was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge Bouclier du Nord in 1818; a member of the Patriotic Society of Walerian Lukasinski; In 1825, Antoni Jablonowski negotiated with the Decembrists. After the fall of the Decembrists' uprising, he was arrested in 1826.
About 1810 Antoni Jablonowski married Paulina Wandalin-Mniszech, the daughter of Michal Jerzy Wandalin-Mniszch. Their daughter Dorota Jablonowska married Stanislaw Kostka Korwin-Krasinski, an officer of the November Uprising.

Raymond REMBIELINSKI:

Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski, in 1820, the Sejm Marshal in the Kingdom of Poland (September 1774-12, February 1841).

Rajmund Rembielinski (1774/1775-1841) was a Polish political activist, and landowner. Rajmund Rembielinski born in Warsaw, d. in Lomza, president of the Department of Bialystok in Lomza in 1808, in Plock, president of the Masovia Province and MP, the owner among others of Jedwabne and Krosniewice; freemason.
In December 1813 in Plock, in Rembielinski home was staying Aleksander Ist, and again in May 1825.
Jedwabne - city in the Podlasie province, in the Lomza county, in 1736, the owner of the village was Antoni Rostkowski. In 1777, Stanislaw Rembielinski, the cabinet secretary of King Stanislaw August, became the new owner of Jedwabne. At the end of the 18th century, cloth factories were established in Jedwabne. 1795, the city was under Prussian rule, then in 1807 it was the Warsaw Duchy, which in 1815 was transformed into the Kingdom of Poland.
Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski the owner of Krosniewice, Jedwabne and Mezenin, was married in 1797 to Agnieszka Helena Opacka. Marriage after twenty years ended with a divorce.
On 8 September 1816 Rembielinski was appointed chairman of the Masovia Province. As a result of the divorce contract, Rembielinski received in the dowry Krosniewice and Mezenin. In 1819 he married Antonina Weltz. She died in 1868 - Poznan, buried in Kazimierz close to Szamotuly.
Antonina Rembielinska nee Weltz, born ca 1800, had 2 sons of the 1st marriage: Eugeniusz Rembielinski and Aleksander. She moved home to the Great Poland in 1841, and married Wincenty Skarzynski. She died in Poznan.
Aleksander - the owner of Krosniewice, and Eugeniusz - was staying in Augsburg.

Named Kazmierz near to Szamotuly, is situated close to Radzyny and Komorowo, Bytyn, Mrowino.

In the summer of 1820, Rajmund Rembielinski was presented to the Administrative Board, his economic plan; in 1821, the Government Commission on Internal Affairs and the Police entrusted Rembielinski with creating cloth settlements in Zgierz, Przedecz close to IZBICA KUJAWSKA, Lodz, Dabie, Gostynin, Leczyca, Gabin, Rawa, Brda and Skierniewice. In 1818 he was a deputy to the Parliament of the Biebrza county,
in 1820 - Marshal of the Parliament and state councilor.

The fate of OPACKI family [see above about Agnieszka Helena Opacka] after the partitions is unknown.
Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty Opacki in 1771 received from his father: Mezenin, Rutki (located in 1760), parts of the villages of Ozar and Ozarka in the Lomza county, Gielczyn south to LOMZA, parts of the villages of Brzostowo-Siestrzanka and Rutkowskie; mansion in Praga; Krosniewice in the province of Leczyca.

MEZENIN:
Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty Opacki the great-great-grandson of Wojciech Opacki, the only son of Stanislaw - patriot, social activist, manager and entrepreneur; Opacki Gabriel Rafal Chryzanty (1741 or 1742-1806), official of Wiski, general major in 1794. Born in Mezinin in a parish of Rutki (close to Lomza), the son of Stanislaw (died 1784), a deputy to the Parlaiment, and his first wife, Konstancja Pelkowska / Pelka ?
In 1759 under the protection of Jan Klemens Branicki, served captain in the army; close to Izabela Poniatowski, sister of King Stanislaw August; 1769 he became a royal chamberlain; managed Bialystok estate;
he had one daughter Agnieszka Helena Konstancja, a well-educated woman who married Rajmund Rembielinski and the estate passed into the hands of the Rembielinski family.
Then it was sold by Eugeniusz Rembielinski to the Jewish hands.

Mezenin - a village in the Zambrow county, close to Rutki.

Krosniewice - a city in the Kutno county, 15 km west of Kutno; 1775 the owner Karol Saryusz Gomolinski receives from King Stanislaw August Poniatowski a privilege for Krosniewice;
1793, the city was occupied by Prussia, later in the Congress Kingdom. Here is the Rembielinski palace and park, and a monument to Prince J zef Poniatowski in 1814; 39 km south-east is IZBICA KUJAWSKA.
Karol Sariusz Gomolinski, 1696-1784 was the son of
Jan GOMOLINSKI and Bielicka.
Karol Sariusz Gomolinski d. 1784 in Krosniewice, a Polish judge, a chamberlain; married ca 1730, Helena Pokrzywnicka, with children:
1. J zefata Gomolinska 1738-1823 + Wladyslaw Skarbek, 2nd to Szymon Dzierzbicki;
2. Franciszka Kunegunda Gertruda Gomolinska;
3. Ignacy Gomolinski, MP, official in Rzeczyca , 1740-1793;
4. Marianna Saryusz-Gomolinska b. ca 1740 - died in 1800, m. Count Chryzanty Gabriel Rafal Opacki MP, Count in 1797, 1741-1806,
with daughter Agnieszka Helena Opacka 1777-1863, m. Rajmund Hiacynt Rembielinski 1775-1841, 2nd to J zef Bechon.
5. Katarzyna Barbara Sariusz-Gomolinska b. 1742.

Compare - GOSTYCZYNA:

Gostyczyna - close to Nowe Skalmierzyce, 3 km to the Prosna river; 10/13 km south of KALISZ and ca 30 km north of BOBROWNIKI by the Prosna river.
Ksawery Pstrokonski / Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783 [his mother Konstancja ZAREMBA died in 1753], m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with 2 daughters: Marianna Pstrokonska, and Wiktoria PSTROKONSKA married Marcin Kiedrzynski, son of Jakub Kiedrzynski and Ewa Gomolinska or Anna Gomolinska [born ca 1680/1700 ?].

Kiedrzynski, Jakub junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798, buried in KALISZ.

Jakub Kiedrzynski - Ostoja, SENIOR, b. 1668, died in 1729.

Interesting reading:
GOMOLINSKI / Gomulinski, JERZY b. ca 1620 ?; m. Anna Lis Starzenska, the daughter of Wojciech, with sons:
1. Marcin Gomolinski, b. ca 1640/1650, inf. 1670 owner of Lubca, Kuznica Lubiecka and part of Wola Pszcz lecka; and

2. Mikolaj Gomolinski, died ca 1699, owner of Krzesl w, Kur w, Wypych w, m. Zofia Drozdowska, the daughter of Andrzej Stefan; with Stefan, Marcin, Katarzyna Jelowiecki.

Maybe Ewa Kiedrzynska b. ca 1700, was the daughter of named above Marcin or Mikolaj Gomolinski.

The GLUCH W parish and Kiedrzynski:
close to TUREK, to TOKARY and MILEJOW; south-west to DOBRA.

1658 - the godparents: Jan Kazimierz Czynski Colonel, and Teofila Gomolinska.

Jan. 1736 in Wilczk w, Antoni Pawel Sebastian Pstrokonski was born, the son of Maciej Pstrokonski and Konstancja Zareba; godparents: Franciszek Potocki of Mikulice, and Bona Zareba of Przespolew.

1738, May in Wilczk w, Jan Antoni Maciej Kiedrzynski was born, the son of Marcin Kiedrzynski and Wiktoria Pstrokonska; godparents: Maciej Pstrokonski of Wilczkow, and Bona Zareba of Przespolew.

1738, July, Gluch w, here was born Jakub Wawrzyniec Michal Kiedrzynski
[acc. to me JAKUB Kiedrzynski, junior, then official in KALISZ, was the brother of IZYDOR KIEDRZYNSKI of JEDLNO]
son of Andrzej Kiedrzenski / Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowska, with godparents: Marcin Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska-Jackowska, of Wilczkow.

1740, January in Gluchow, was born Kacper Maciej son of named above Andrzej Kiedrzenski [Kasper Kiedrzynski son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski] and Franciszka Jackowski; godparents: Tomasz Galczynski the owner of Gluchow, and Konstancja Pstrokonska of Wilczkow.

1741 in Wilczk w, Dorota Apolonia Papieski was born; godparents: Andrzej Kiedrzenski of Gluchow, and Katarzyna Papieska of Wilczkow.

In Gluch w, 1741, Marianna, the daughter of named Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowskich; godparents: Stanislaw Papieski of Wilczkow and young Jackowska of Gluchow.

1742 in Wilczk w, Stanislaw Papieski junior was born.

1743, bpt. of Dorota Apolonia Kiedrzynska, the daughter of above Andrzej Kiedrzenski and Franciszka Kiedrzynska; the godparents: Mikolaj Napruszewski and his wife Anna.

1747 in Wilczk w, godfather Walenty Galczynski and Franciszka Skrzetuska of Wilczkow.

In KALISZ, buried in Church of St. Family:
Gomolinski, J zef, in 1788.
Gorzenski, Jan, in 1692.
Kiedrzynska, Brygilla, on 16 Jan. 1786.
Kiedrzynski, Jakub, junior, died on 4 Feb. 1798.
Kierski, J zef, in 1737.
Kierzynska, Anna, 1728.
Kierzynska, Kostancya in 1744.
Kierzynski, Jan, 1744.

On above junior, Jakub Kiedrzynski:

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Brygida Bardzka married 1st to Owidiusz Wierusz Walknowski, before 1761, 2nd to Jakub Kiedrzynski junior, in 1767.
Her father
Wojciech Marek Bardzki, 1699-1770, mother Helena Teresa Kozminska, 1706-1792.
Her brothers:
Augustyn z Wrzesni Bardzki died in 1793, and Rafal Tadeusz Jan Bardzki, 1739-1758.
Her children:
Franciszek Wierusz Walknowski b. 1769 or before, and Teresa Wierusz Walknowska;
and with JAKUB Kiedrzynski:
Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska b. 1770,
and Petronela Kiedrzynska - more on 'ZWIAZEK LECHITOW'.

Above PETRONELA KIEDRZYNSKA married to Melchior Jan Pradzynski

{see on Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; the son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
famous hero Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski,
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty J zef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.
Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
above Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA] and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847

[note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

PETRONELA Kiedrzynska m. in 1791 to MELCHIOR Pradzynski who was born in Mrowino, the Greater Poland Province in 1753 and died in 1797.

Melchior Pradzynski was the son of Antoni Pradzynski b. 1710, and Marianna Czaplicka.
Melchior's brother was named Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, who was the father of famous Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski, from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - commander-in-chief of the Polish Army.

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. mentioned Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825}

with the son Andrzej Pradzynski 1794-1872
{born in KOWALEW / Kowalewo close to Pleszew, and 5 km east to ORPISZEWEK; close to Lutynia, Fabianow and KOTLIN. Died in 1872 in Zerkowo / ZERKOW close to Nowe Miasto by the WARTA river, and north to Jarocin, north-west to PLESZEW}.

ANDRZEJ Pradzynski married 1st Apolonia Szulc
{with son J zef Antoni Pradzynski b. 1832, married to Maria Barbara Leokadia Drzenska in 1867 / 1868 in Szemborowo close to Wrzesnia}
and 2nd with unknown, with son Maksymilian Pradzynski.

Above J zef Antoni Pradzynski b. 1832 in Lubochnia close to Tomaszow Mazowiecki, had children:
1. Jan + Maria Bochynska;
2. Waclaw + Kornelia Preibisz 1870-1918;
3. Stefan;
4. Jadwiga Pradzynska;
5. Andrzej 1872-1938 + J zefa Jaraczewska.
6. Aleksander.

And now on SULIMIERSKI - PRADZYNSKI branch:

Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski b. 1797/1798, of Wesola / WIESIOLKA, and Tyczyn, official in SZADEK, m. Nepomucena Pradzynska b. ca 1790 - it was her second marriage ca 1825.
W. Maciej Sulimierski / Maciej Wincenty Sulimierski, the owner of the Wiesiolka village and the owner of ZIELENCICE, where he lived and the future godfather of Filip SULIMIERSKI [December 22, 1843 / Jan. 1844], was pardoned in the Russian court after 1834 although he was arrested for the guerrilla.
Nepomucena Pradzynska had a sister and brother:
famous hero Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski,
Sylwia Pradzynska 1791-1862 m. Jakub Jan Krasicki insurgent of 1831, Colonel, 1785-1848;
and Wincenty J zef PRADZYNSKI, 1795-1858 [the landowner of WOLA WIAZOWA], m. Salomea Mierzynska.

Nepomucena Pradzynska 1790-1858 - her parents:
Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski, 1761-1817 [the owner of WOLA WIAZOWA]
and Marcjanna Marianna Bronikowska, 1770-1847 [note: Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association].

Nepomucena Pradzynska married 1st to Antoni Moszczenski, ca 1810 to ca 1825, son of Aleksander Ezechiel Moszczenski official in Brzesc Kujawski [!], 1759-1846, and Marianna Radziminska.
Nepomucena's children:
Teodor 1812-1831; Ignacy 1813-1880; Aleksander 1819-1829; Antoni Stefan Tadeusz 1822-1829.

Mentioned above Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, close to OBORNIKI and MUROWANA GOSLINA. Died in 1817; the son of Antoni Pradzynski and Marianna Czaplicka / Marianna Bardzka !
Husband of Marcjanna Marianna BRONIKOWSKA;
father of
Nepomucena Moszczenska Sulimierska;

Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski

[see 'ZWIAZEK KOSYNIEROW' and
Free Poles Association / Free Lechytes - a secret patriotic organization in 1819-1823 in the Kingdom of Poland;
founded in November 1819 in Warsaw by Tadeusz Krepowiecki, Wiktor Heltman and Ludwik Piatkiewicz; among the members were Ignacy Pradzynski, Seweryn Goszczynski, Maurycy Mochnacki, Stanislaw Jachowicz, J zef Kozlowski and Ksawery Bronikowski - all about 40 members.
They fought on full unification of the Polish lands and the independence of the state; called for fight with the Russian invaders, prepare papers and readings. Bronikowski Ksawery (1796-1852), Polish political activist, participated in the work of the Free Poles Association. He was member of the Patriotic Society. When Alexander I went to the congress of the Holy Alliance to Opava (in early 1821 moved to Ljubljana), he to sign an agreement to intervene in the event of a revolution.
Arrived from Warsaw in 1821, Ignacy Pradzynski put forward the project of independence of the Great Poland's branch of the National Freemasonry. They were renamed the Union of Scytheman, 1820-1826.
In 1819, the Association of Free Poles with Wiktor Heltman was created. See below on IGNACY Pradzynski];

Wincenty J zef Pradzynski
[see on WOLA WIAZOWA]
and
Sylwia Zuzanna Krasicka.

Stanislaw Kostka J zef Pradzynski b. 1761 in Pacholewo, was the brother of J zefina Gertruda Pradzynska; Melchior Jan Pradzynski !; Antonina Joanna Malgorzata; and Ludwika Klara R za Modliborska; inf. by Leszek Mila.

Note on Ignacy Pantaleon Pradzynski:

He was born on July 20, 1792 in Sanniki, died on August 4, 1850 on the island of Heligoland / Helgoland; division general of the Army of the Kingdom of Poland, commander-in-chief of the November Uprising. 1793, the village Sanniki was in the Prussian partition. From 1807 Sanniki belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw, and from 1815 to the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian Partition.
Maybe he was born on July 18 in Poznan - as Pradzynski himself stated in his files;
He grew up in a very patriotic atmosphere - his father fought in 1794 in a partisan unit commanded by Jan Henryk Dabrowski.
Ignacy Pradzynski was sent to Dresden;
returned to his homeland in November 1807, volunteered for the 11th Infantry Regiment of the Warsaw Duchy, was stationed in Poznan in 1806

{Count Stanislaw Mielzynski on 24 Nov. 1806, was appointed colonel of the Napoleonic army and began to organize the 3rd Infantry Regiment; Col. Stanislaw Mielzynski was stationed in Pawlowice; in August 1807 in Poznan under Colonel Mielzynski. The 3rd Infantry Regiment / the Legia of Poznan received the number 11th and was part of the 3rd Infantry Division, of General J. H. Dabrowski.
Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski born in 1778, Rabin, died 1826, Pawlowice, Count, Freemason, Brigadier General of the Polish Army.
Stanislaw was the son of Maksymilian Antoni (1738-1799), and Konstancja Czapska;
Stanislaw Mielzynski in 1810 - General;
in 1815, he moved to his estates in Pawlowice [see the Merkel family], Kakolewo, Poniec, Smogulec, Golancz, under the Prussian partition.
There he was very active as a freemason, especially in lodges supporting the conspiratorial struggle for independence and the unification of Poland, such as the Poznan lodge - the Scytheman Union / Scythemen, which Mielzynski was leading, or in a secret Masonic organization created by Valerian Lukasinski.
In 1800, Mielzynski married the Honorata Zaremba and he had son Leon and three daughters:
Laura (Eleonora) married J zef Napoleon Czapski with the son famous
Bogdan Hutten-Czapski
- compare the Polish independence conspiracy in Belarus};

Gdansk until 1809; in 1814 in LOMZA.

Named above Sanniki in the Gostyn county, here in 1828 was Fryderyk Chopin [compare his visit in Scotland], at half way from Plock to Sochaczew, 13 km west to ILOW.
On April 20, 1815, Ignacy Pradzynski in Warsaw was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and assigned to quartermaster services.
In 1819, Ignacy Pradzynski associated himself with the Polish independence conspiracy -
first in the Union of True Poles / 'LECHICI' in 1819,
then in the Union of SCYTHEMAN / Scythemen / 'Kosynierzy' in 1820,
and finally with the Polish Patriotic Society.

In 1826, when officers belonging to the conspiracy were arrested, Pradzynski was also taken prisoner. He was married in 1825 and was living in August w [?] - Emilia Rutkowska of Chelmica [Chelmica Duza 13 km north to WLOCLAWEK] and Miedzech w b. 1808,
had Helena (1826-1854), painter, m. Stanislaw Herniczek, and Sylwia (1831-1862), writer.

In April 1821 in Warsaw, Polish conspirators conducted talks in which participate:

Lukasinski - 1819 National Freemasonry,
Colonel Kozakowski - acted in LWOW,
Colonel Pradzynski [in June 1820 in Poznan with General Uminski],
Szczaniecki of the Great Poland 1819-1820,
General Uminski from the Poznan Duchy, National Freemasonry, Kosciuszko supporter,
Wierzbolowicz,
Colonel Dobrogojski,
Cichowski - the Tax official,
Sobanski from VOLHYNIA,
Teodor Morawski - magazine publisher of 'Orzel Bialy',
Aleksander Oborski

[Colonel, acted in Wilno together with
Jozef Gruzewski and Stanislaw GRUZEWSKI,
Romer,
Biallozor,
Stanislaw SOLTAN

{Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki was son of Jerzy Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicze, officer in Livland, b. 1710 + Rozalia Korsak-Udzielska 1735-1789. Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki of Livland / Inflanty, born ca 1730, married in ca 1775 to Augusta Soltan b. ca 1750 or 1760
[daughter of Stanislaw Soltan 1698 - 1758, and Helena R mer; the granddaughter of Samuel Soltan 1654 - 1735; and great-granddaughter of Hieronim Wladyslaw Soltan],
with:
1. Elzbieta Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1780, m. Benedykt Wawrzecki of Braslaw, b. ca 1760, 2nd to Kr tz;
2. J zef Piottuch-Kublicki of Zawilie, m. Karolina Soltan.

Half sister of above named Stanislaw Soltan 1698 - 1758 was Teodora Soltan 1700 - 1774 + Jerzy Stanislaw Sapieha, with daughter Krystyna R za Massalska b. 1724.

Brother of above Augusta Soltan / Soltan / Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1750 or 1760, was Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, born in 1756 in Berdycz w, died 1836 in Jelgava, now Latvia; CONSPIRATOR, he was son of Stanislaw Soltan and Helena R mer;
husband of Franciszka Teofila Radziwill b. 1751 and 2nd to Konstancija Taplockyte / Konstancja Toplicka.

Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, b. 1756, was father of
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan, CONSPIRATOR;
Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka (Karolina b. ca 1790, wife of J zef Piottuch-Kublicki);
Helena Soltan;
Anna Soltan;
Stanislaw Soltan junior; and
Helena Eysmont.

Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, b. 1756, was half brother of Juozas Weyssenhoff; Ksawery Weyssenhoff; Mykolas Jonas Veisenhofas and Jan Weyssenhoff, acc. to geni.com.
Above Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, husband of Idalia b. 1801, daughter of Aleksander Michal Pociej, CONSPIRATOR},

Stanislaw Mikulicz,
Teofil Mikulicz,
Stefan Mackiewicz,
Stanislaw Mackiewicz,

KAROL PROZOR

[Karol Prozor b. 1759, died in 1841 in Chojniki, west to DNIEPR, and MOZYRZ; in the 18th century in the Owrucz county, the Kiev province.
Chojniki - the manor of J zef PROZOR and Karol Prozor.
Prozor J zef (1723-1788), MP, voivode of Vitebsk. Born in Bobcin in Zmudz / Samaites, a son of Stanislaw PROZOR (died around 1756), official in Kaunas, and his first wife, R za Siruc. JOZEF was married three times. The first wife was Felicjanna Szczyt (died after 1764), daughter of J zef SZCZYTT, official in Mscislaw; the second - Aleksandra Zaranek (died in Dudzicze in 1771), the wedding on September 7, 1767; third Maria Chalecka 1st voto Adam Szujski (c. 1751-1826). JOZEF from the first marriage had two daughters: Petronela Karenga, and Maria (died 1833), the wife of Ignacy Bykowski, the royal chamberlain;
and three sons:
Karol PROZOR;
Antoni PROZOR and
Ignacy PROZOR / Ignacy Kajetan Prozor + ANIELA OSKIERKA.
From the second marriage JOZEF had daughters: R za (died on June 22, 1834), married in 1785 to Stanislaw Jelski;
and Barbara PROZOR, married to Franciszek Bukaty and 2nd to Ksawery Lipski.
JOZEF PROZOR studied in Kr lewiec, 1734-6 (Stanislaw Leszczynski was then residing there), and 1737 he was educated at the Knight's Academy in Lun ville, which he left in 1741.

Franciszek Bukaty (born in August 1747, died on June 15, 1797) - Polish diplomat, royal chamberlain, freemason; charg d'affaires of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1775 -1777 and 1788-1789, envoy-minister of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1777, Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1787 and in 1793-1795. Married to Barbara Prozor, and she had Sierhiejewicze in a dowry.

Aniela Oskierka, 1770-1804, married Ignacy Kajetan Prozor b. ca 1770 [see OSWIEJA and Malkiewicz. Ignacy Kajetan Prozor was General major of the Kowno county],
with:
Kornela Prozor Rokicka, 1800-1835;
Henryk Prozor;
Maurycy Prozor 1st senior 1801-1886 + Anna Chlopicka b. ca 1810. Maurycy Prozor senior was born in Rothley-Temple, Leicestershire, died in 1886. PROZOR Maurycy was the commander of the Kowno Uprising.

ANIELA's had brothers Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka; and Rafal Michal Oskierka, 1761-1818.
They were children of Jan Mikolaj Oskierka 1735-1796 - see the plot of KOSCIUSZKO and PROZOR - married in 1761 to Barbara Rokicka.

Named Rothley Temple / Rothley Preceptory / Rowth-Ley, was a preceptory in the village of Rothley, Leicestershire, England, associated with both the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller. The chapel was constructed by the Knights Templar],

Count Aleksander POCIEJ

[Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, married Idalia Pociej b. 1801
{Idalia Pociej 1790 - 1839},
the daughter of named above Aleksander Michal Pociej.
Leonard Pociej 1727 - 1774 - who was son of Aleksander Pociej senior {more below} and Teresa Brzostowska - was the brother of Anna Tyszkiewicz; Karolina Radziwill and Ludwik Pociej.
Leonard had son - Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846). Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846) was the husband of Anna Korzeniowska; he was the father of Teodor Pociej and named Idalia Pociej 1790 - 1839 married Soltan.
Above Aleksander Michal Pociej (1774-1846) was son of Maria Aleksandra Radziwill POCIEJ, b. 1753; his grandfather was Wojciech Albrycht Radziwill 1717-1762.
Aleksander Pociej senior, 1698 - 1770, was son of Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej. Above Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej 1666 - 1728, was son of Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina.
Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej was brother of Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.

Above Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army, his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.
Ludwik Konstanty was father of Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715) who married to Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) with daughter
Justyna KALINOWSKA Borzecka (m. Ignacy Kalinowski born ca 1720 died 1782).
Her son was count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
Justyna nee Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error). Above named Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski was born 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:

1. Jozef Kalinowski / Osip Kalinowski, the general of Polish Army, b. after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790
{Marianna Elzbieta Uvarova nee Lubomirska, ca 1766 - d. 1810, was daughter of Kasper Lubomirski and Barbara Poninska; she was the wife of Protazy Antoni Potocki; Count Valerian Zubov, and Uvarov; she was the mother of above Emilia Kalinowska},
2. Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 and
3. Justyna Kalinowska married Russocka b. 1790 d. 1876.
Above Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 had son Wladyslaw Kalinowski.

Children of mentioned count Jozef Kalinowski:
1. Seweryna b. 1814 d. 1852,
2. Jozefina Kalinowska married Oginska, born 1816 and died 1844;
3. Olga born 1822, died 7 April 1899 in Retow;
4. probably M. Kalinowska (Maria Kalinowska Trubecka) married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki was sister of above Seweryna, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course (see the Konstantynowiczs in Estonia)!

Above countess Olga Kalinowska born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus, in 1844, and her son Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with a princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 who married to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki [compare MIELZYNSKI of PAWLOWICE and WOLSZTYN].
I wrote above that the grandfather of Olga, Jozefina and Seweryna {and Maria Trubecka} was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
The grandson of named above Seweryna nee Kalinowska was Mikolaj Plautin, b. 1868 who married to Maria Michajlowna Rajewska 1872 - 30 December 1942.
Her mother: Marija Grigorievna nee Gagarin - her sister Anastazja Grigorievna nee Gagarin b. 1853 died 1876 married to
Piotr Michajlovich Orlov Denisov born 1852 who was son of Michail Vasilievich Orlov Denisov born 1823, who was brother of Nadiezda married Katenin.

Grandfather of above Marija nee Rajewskaja was Mikolaj Mikolajevich Rajevskij Younger / RAJEWSKI MIKOLAJ from the Kiev government, Moscow and St Petersburg; b. 14 September 1801; and the second grandfather of above Maria nee Rajewska was Grigorij Grigorievich Gagarin b. 1810 d. 1893],

Ignacy ZAWISZA of Kowno,

Duke Konstanty Radziwill of Nowogrodek

[After the death of prince Maciej Radziwill in 1800, Poloneczka was inherited by his son, Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill (1793-1869), by his mother Elzbieta Chodkiewicz Radziwill. In 1815, Konstanty Radziwill married Maria Grabowska, who died in 1826. 2nd marriage to Celestyna Sulistrowska. Konstatnty m. 3rd to Adela Karnicka.
Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill was, among others, a member of the Vilnius Education Commission (1820), chamberlain of the tsarist court (1832), marshal of the nobility of the Nowogr dek Province (1832-1835), a correspondent member of the Imperator Russian Geographical Society.
During this period he became friends with Wladyslaw Syrokomla.
Prince Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill / Constantine was the leader of a secret patriotic association operating in Lithuania, which led to his arrest. He made contact with the decembrists, and met in Vilnius in 1823 several times with Aleksander Bestuzew.
His son Maciej J zef Radziwill (1842-1907) after returning from exile in Russia, married Jadwiga Krasinska in 1867 (1843-1913), heiress of the property Zegrze near Warsaw],

Woynillowicz,
Nowomiejski in Wilno,

ADAM SOLTAN

[Above Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 in Vilnius, died 1863 in Poznan, husband of Idalia POCIEJ, b. 1801, daughter of Aleksander Michal Pociej;
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan b. 1792 was father of Aleksander Stanislaw August Soltan and Maria Anna Sierakowska. Above Aleksander Stanislaw August Soltan 1821 - 1853, was father of Stefania Ludwika de Virion.

Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan was the brother of Karolina SOLTAN Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1790 + J zef Piottuch-Kublicki b. ca 1780.

Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwll was the father of Stanislaw Radziwill 1722 - 1787, who had the daughter Franciszka Teofila Soltan b. circa 1751 and her son was above mentioned Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan - the Polish conspirator.

Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810, married 1st to J zef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 [maybe the brother of IGNACY SZUMSKI / Ignatius Shumsky b. ca 1800, of Chobienice], and she was married second to Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA.
Her sister Emilia Piottuch- Kublicka b. 1803 + Wincenty Smokowski.
J zef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800, supposedly lost a large landed estate. He never left the home without the box of dueling pistols. He known Duke Wittgenstein; that is Ludwik Adolf Fryderyk Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (1799-1866) who in 1828 married Stefania Radziwill, daughter of Dominik Radziwill.
OKTAWIA was the daughter of J zef Piottuch-Kublicki b. ca 1780 - official in Zawilie, b. 1780 - and Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780/1790;
above mentioned J zef Piottuch-Kublicki of Zawilie, had a sister:
Elzbieta Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1780, m. Benedykt Wawrzecki of Braslaw, b. ca 1760, 2nd to Kr tz.

JOZEF was the son of Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki of Livland / Inflanty, born ca 1730, married in ca 1775 to Augusta Soltan b. ca 1750 or 1760.

AUGUSTA Soltan Kublicka come from:
daughter of Stanislaw Soltan senior, 1698 - 1758, and Helena R mer;
the granddaughter of Samuel Soltan 1654 - 1735; and
great-granddaughter of Hieronim Wladyslaw Soltan.

Eliasz Piottuch-Kublicki was son of Jerzy Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicze, officer in Livland, b. 1710 + Rozalia Korsak-Udzielska 1735-1789.

Half sister of above named Stanislaw Soltan, senior, 1698 - 1758 was Teodora Soltan 1700 - 1774 + Jerzy Stanislaw Sapieha, with daughter Krystyna R za Massalska b. 1724.

Brother of above Augusta Soltan / Soltan / Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1750 or 1760, was Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, junior, born in 1756 in Berdycz w, died 1836 in Jelgava, now Latvia; he was son of Stanislaw Soltan SENIOR, and Helena R mer;
Stanislaw SOLTAN junior was the husband of Franciszka Teofila Radziwill b. 1751
and 2nd to Konstancija Taplockyte / Konstancja Toplicka.
Stanislaw Soltan / Stanislovas Soltanas, junior, b. 1756, was half brother of Juozas Weyssenhoff; Ksawery Weyssenhoff; Mykolas Jonas Veisenhofas and Jan Weyssenhoff, acc. to geni.com.

KAROLINA Soltan Piottuch Kublicka was the daughter of Stanislaw Soltan junior, 1756-1836 and Franciszka Teofila Radziwill at Nieswiez b. ca 1751, daughter of Stanislaw Radziwill 1722 - 1787, who was son of Mikolaj Faustyn Radziwill 1688 - 1746.

Oktawia's siblings:
1. Anna Benislawska
(born Piottuch-Kublicki in 1809, d. 1885 + J zef Benislawski, 1790-1852, with: Leon Benislawski 1846-1935, Jan 1847-1899, Stanislaw, Konstanty, Adolf, Edward, Ludwik Benislawski, Helena Benislawska b. before 1852);

2. Walentyna Soltan
(born Piottuch-Kublicka, b. ca 1800 / 1810 + Wladyslaw J zef Soltan b. 1795, died in 1843, son of Benedykt b. 1770 and J zefa Benislawska.
Walentyna's daughter was Oktawia Soltan, 1830 - 15.8.1871 in Kazan + in 1849 to Wladyslaw Hieronim Samuel Soltan, 1824 - 1900, the January Uprising 1863);

3. Stanislaw Piottuch-Kublicki born 1804;

4. above Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka b. ca 1810 + J zef Szumski b. ca 1780 / 1800 + 2nd to Dominik Konstantynowicz;

5. Emilia Piottuch-Kublicka b. 1803 + Wincenty Smokowski 1797 - 1876, son of Michal Smokowski and Konstancja Mickiewicz;

6. Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki + Ida Oginska b. ca 1820 / 1813 / 1810.
Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki born 1810 + Ida Oginska had the son Karol Piottuch Kublicki b. ca 1850 (+ Zofia Eysymont, 1840 / 1848 - died 1926, daughter of Oktawiusz EYSYMONT, and Helena Soltan)],

Michal HOFFMAN,
JAN CHODZKO

{Jozef Chodzko / Joseph CHODZKO 1723-1782, and Konstancja BUJNICKA had children:
1.
Ludwik Tadeusz Chodzko / Louis Thadee CHODZKO, 1769-1843, married to Waleria DEDERKO with son
Leonard CHODZKO, 1800-1871 who married to Olympe MALESZEWSKI / Olimpia Maleszewska

[Jeanne VENTURE de PARADIS 1774 - 1813 married to
a. 1st to Ludwik / Louis MALESZEWSKI / PIOTR Maleszewski, with children
Klementyna nee Maleszewska / Clementine MALESZEWSKI married to de LAQUEILLE, and
Olimpia Maleszewska / Olympe MALESZEWSKI married to Leonard CHODZKO b. 1800 - died in 1871;

b. m. 2nd in 1810, Paris to Antoine Louis BREGUET 1776 - 1858 with children:
A. Louis Fran ois Cl ment BREGUET 1804 - 1883 married to Charlotte Eug nie Caroline LASSIEUR 1815 - 1889 with children:
Louise BREGUET 1847-1930,
Antoine BREGUET 1851-1882,
Madeleine BREGUET 1853-1877;
B. Louise Charlotte Cl mentine BREGUET 1810 - 1887 married to Dr LIONNET.

Jeanne Fran oise F licit Garran de Coulon, was 2nd wife of PIOTR MALESZEWSKI / Pierre Jean Maleszewski, resident at rue du Pont de Lodi.
Jeanne Maleszewska nee Garran de Coulon, was daughter of Jean-Philippe Garran / Jean-Philippe Garran de Coulon / Jean Philippe GARRAN DE COULON who was b. April 10, 1749 or 29/04/1749 (born in Saint-Maixent on 19 April 1748), died on 10/12/1816 in PARIS - FRANCE (or 19-11-1816 / December 19, 1816); he was a French politician, was born in HAUTE-SA NE - FRANCE; Secretary of Henrion de Pansey in Paris; lawyer in 1789; member of the legislative in 1791; member of the Institute. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon, lawyer in Paris. Jean Philippe Garran de Coulon took part in the agitation preceding the meeting of the States General and was elected alternate member of the Third Estate of Paris. Member of the first and the second Paris Commune, he directed the Research Committee - the police, and presented the insurrection on 14 July 1789 as the member of conspiracy. Maleszewski Piotr known J. P. Garran de Coulon, who had daughters: 1. Jeanne Fran oise F licit GARRAN de COULON; 2. F licit -Fran oise GARRAN DE COULON.

Garran-Coulon, member of the Comite des Recherches was writing 'Report on the troubles of Santo Domingo'; Garran-Coulon, the left-leaning deputy wrote the report, noted on Oge affair in Saint-Domingue. "...BORD appears to have gratuitously added Garran's name to a passage from the 'Proces-verbal des Electeurs' which described a group of unnamed Electors angrily denouncing Flesselles. ...".
B. M. Shapiro wrote:
"Eager to demonstrate that all of the violent eruptions of summer 1789 were parts of a carefully orchestrated Masonic plot and equally eager to connect the Comite des Recherches to this plot, Gustave Bord was trying to persuade his readers that GARRAN, the author of the Comite's published brief against those servants of the Monarchy who had escaped the July violence, was
a 'point man' in a well-planned effort to eliminate a host of top royal officials.
For, having helped dispose of Flesselles and Berthier, Garran's next assignment, in Bord's eyes, was to engineer the judical assassination of BESENVAL:
'At each event, he launches the word or phrase which compromises the man in the hot seat... Garran de Coulon was certainly partly responsible for the assassinations of the Prevot des Marchands and the Intendant de Paris, and now he is given the task of rendering a legal opinion on the question of whether those in authority in JULY (1789) were guilty'.
By adding his 'evidence' linking Garran to the Flesselles and Berthier assassinations to his extravagant vision of the Comite des Recherches as 'the model for all these revolutionary committes which, in a few months, will put the executioner to work on a full-time basis', BORD was able construct the following equation: July Massacres = Comite des Recherches = Terror. ...". ];

see below - Sulkowski and on the Venture of Paradise, the Breguet family and Duflon - Konstantynowicz Company!
2.
above Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 m. Klara KORSAK, d. 1852, with son
Alexandre CHODZKO 1802-1891.

Jan Chodzko / Jan Borejko Chodzko (1776 in Wilno, died 1851 - Minsk), was the father of
1. Jozef Chodzko / Joseph (see below), the Russian general, surveyor and geographer
[Joseph Chodzko / J zef Boreyko Chodzko or Khodzko, born 1800 in Krzywicze, ex-the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, died in 1881 in Tiflis / Tbilisi, a General-topographer and Polish geographer. He stayed in Paris in 1843, where he met Adam Mickiewicz and his three brothers: Alexandre, Michel and Stanislas, and his cousin Leonard - all Polish nationalists];
2. Alexander / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko (1804 in Krzywicze, died 1891 in Noisy-le-Sec), poet, orientalist and Slavist, a professor at the College of France
[Aleksander was arrested in 1830/1831 and taken to St. Petersburg where he met the father, then above Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia. Next he was the Russian consul in Persia, then professor of Slavic literature at the College de France, well-known author who married to Helena Jundzill, daughter of Victor, with her sons, Victor Chodzko m. Mary Baldassari];
3. Stanislas, chemist; and
4. Michal Chodzko, Polish poet.

Jan CHODZKO 1776-1851 (see below), the son of above J zef Chodzko and Konstancyia Bujnicki, married to Clara Korsak -
Jan was the President of the Civil Minsk Chamber, and the School Inspektor of the Province of Vilnius and Minsk; died in 1851, buried in Zaslaw.
Jan Borejko Chodzko born 1776 in Wilno was the Chairman of Minsk Supreme Court; Chairman of the University of Wilno; awarded the Order of St. Vladimir; chamberlain of the Wilno district. He prevented the Russians burning of MINSK, before evacuating of the town. Considering Napoleon as the liberator of Poland, as a good patriot, he slept Russian vigilance and introduced the Marshal Davoust in stores of food and ammunition - Napoleon heard the news; after the retreat of the French, he had to flee Poland but he returned thanks to the amnesty of the Emperor Alexander.
He was the founder of two Masonic lodges, one in Vilnius and one in Minsk. He was the top member of a patriotic secret society before and after the uprising of 29 November 1830, and
he was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg where he met in prison his son Alexander who was also arrested, it was the last time that they saw themselves. Jan was sentenced to 5 years in prison and deported to Russia. His eldest son Alexandre Chodzko / Aleksander Borejko Chodzko was deported also in Siberia.
Jan could not return to his homeland but died in 1851 in Minsk},

JOZEF Billewicz of ROSIENIE

[J zef Billewicz (died 1850) - marshal of the Rosienie county. The son of Mateusz Billewicz and Anna Eugenia Lopacinska. Ruthenian civilian-military commissar of the Duchy of Samogitia (1790), deputy to the Grodno Parliament (1793), president of the border court of the Ruszcza county (1795).
On August 15, 1812, elected as the deputy to the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, later he became the marshal of the nobility in the County Rosienie.
Master of the "Palemon" Masonic Lodge (1820-21) and honorary member of Vilnius lodges: "Perfect Unity" and "Good Shepherd".
In May 1821, he was admitted to the Patriotic Society during the meeting in Vilnius.
He married Anna Szemiot, with two daughters: Urszula + Ludwik Pilsudski; and Kunegunda + Ezekiel Staniewicz.
After his death, the Billewicze estate (today's Biliunai village) passed into the hands of the Pilsudski family.

ALEKSANDER BILEWICZ of the Rosienie county married Anna Romer with 4 sons:
1. Tadeusz Billewicz, senior, b. ca 1728, died in 1788; in 1783 - the Mscislau province
{TADEUSZ had daughter Helena Wazgird (Morykoni) and also he had son ADAM / Adomas Bilevicius, b. ca 1750, who was father of Kazimierz Tomasz; and Kaspar Bilewicz, and so on.
Above KASPAR - Kasparas Bilevicius, b. ca 1782, d. 1840, had son
Antoni Billewicz or Tadeusz b. ca 1815, + Helena Michalowska b. 1820, with:
Pranas Bilevicius;
Maria Pilsudska / Maria Billewicz (1842 - 1884; born 1842 in Adomava) + J zef Wincenty Pilsudski
(1833 - 1902. Note:
Antoni Bulhak b. 1898, married to Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873, d. 1921 - her parents: named above Maria Pilsudska nee Billewicz + J zef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833.

MARIA JUCHNIEWICZ had the brother - J zef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867);
Wiktor Billewicz and
Zofia Zubow b. ca 1860.
Above ZOFIA: Zofia Zubow nee Billewicz, was born circa 1860, married Wlodzimierz Zubow before 1887, with son Wlodzimierz Zubow b. 1887 Szawle [ iauliai / iaule north of Raseiniai] - d. 1959 in Kowno},

2. Jerzy BILEWICZ, studied in Kr lewiec, known German, then in Nieswiez {Jerzy Bilewicz was the Judge of ROSIENIE in 1765};

3. Teodor Billewicz + Kozuchowska of Kalisz;

4. Mateusz Bilewicz also lived in Smorgonie and NIESWIEZ;
Mateusz + Lopacinska had sons:
J zef, MP in 1793 {J zef Billewicz (died 1850) - marshal of the Rosienie county; the member of the Patriotic Society};
Jan;
Ignacy;
Tadeusz junior.
Mateusz Bilewicz was the official in Rosienie, MP],

Gruzewski of SZAWLE,
Wagner,
Korbutt,
Buczynski,
Przeciszewski,
Barankiewicz,
lawyer Kulczycki of Wilno,
Strumillo,
ZAN

{Tomasz Zan, Promienisty, 1796 in Miasata, in the Minsk province, d. 1855 in KAKOWCZYN / Kochaczyn. Son of Karol Zan and Katarzyna. Husband of Brygida Swietorzecka b. 1825; her brothers - Fortunat Swietorzecki, Mieczyslaw Swietorzecki and MICHAL of Malinowszczyzna. Her sister Wanda Swietorzecka (Dederko).
She was the daughter of Stanislaw Swietorzecki.
Note:
Witold Pilecki had summer holidays in Hawrylkowo in the SIENNO county. Hawrylkowo belonged to his grandmother Wanda Majewska married Lucjan Osiecimski, d. in Hawrylkowo / Gawrylkowo before 1908 after work in Pietrozawodzk. Lucjan Jan Osiecimski + Wanda Helena Majewska.
Gawrylkowo was situated close to the Doliwo Dobrowolski estates and near to KACHATSHYN / Kakowczyn owned by Tomasz Zan with wife BRYGIDA SWIETORZECKA; Kakowczyn + Szyrkowszczyzna owned by Brygida Zan at the beginning of the 20th cent.;
Kakowczyn that is Kakoucyna / Kakoutschyna / Kokovcino, north to Smolany - south to Bieleniewo / Bielenieva, 7 km; south-west to Bogushev station; in the SIENNO county.
In the Kakoucyna / Kakoutschyna / Kokovcino / Kakchinsky volost / district, the Sienno county, the Mogilev governorate - was situated named Hawrylkowo / Gawrylkowo of OSIEMCIMSKI - Gavrilkovo, farm, close to Germanovo, Kuliki, Doganovka.

Kazimierz Dederko / Dederka of the Oszmiany county in 1783 and 1788, died in 1800 in Oborek; married Wiktorja Kamienska with 5 children,
the daughter Waleria Chodzko / Walerja nee Dederko m. Ludwik Chodzko;
sons Barnaba and J zef without children,
son Roch Dederko lieutenant of Napoleon period, owner of Ob rka / Oborek, m. to Wanda Swietorzecka, he d. 1856;
they had 2 sons: Kazimierz owner of Ob rka, Soter Dederko owner of Puzele.

Puzele and Blud w belonged to Michal Oginski 1793 and 1794.

In Oborek in 1800 was born Leonard Chodzko, son of daughter of Kazimierz Dederko - Walerja, and Ludwik Chodzko; author, 'Historja domu Rawit w Ostrowskich';
in Oborek in 1847-1850 lived Tomasz Zan with wife in 1846, Brygida Swietorzecka, sister of Wanda Swietorzecka who married to Roch Dederko.
Oborki / Aborak / Oborek - manor of Dederko ca 2 km east of Poloczany - south-west of Molodeczno, 6 km south-east of Jachimowszczyna of Swietorzecki.
Malinowszczyzna was a part of Lebedevo / Lebiedziew, bought from Dominik Radziwill by Jak b Swietorzecki;
his son Stanislaw Swietorzecki, m. cousin Swietorzecka, daughter of landlord of Konstantow, Boratycze, in the Mohylew government, 1827; Stanislaw was owner of Malinowszczyzna;
Michal Swietorzecki, son of above Stanislaw; married to Stengelmajer, 2nd to Marja Jasiewicz of Uzblocie and J zefpola in the Oszmiany county; Malinowszczyzna had two plants; Michal Swietorzecki d. 1891, had two sons Boleslaw and Waclaw.
Justyna Stanislawowa Swietorzecka build home in Malinowszczyzna at the Tomasz Zan time},

Labanowski],

attorney Szreder,

Jordan of CRACOW / Ludwik Jordan ?,

Kicinski,

MACHNICKI,

Colonel Krzyzanowski in Warsaw

[The Special Committee in 1825 qualified to judge eight of its members, recruited from the Polish Kingdom:
Captain Franciszek Majewski was born in KASKI - 11 km north-east of Guzow of the Oginskis, near Sochaczew;
Colonel Seweryn Krzyzanowski / Severin / Seweryn Krzyzanowski b. 1787 in Parcham wka in the Skwir county / Skwira
{Seweryn Krzyzanowski (1787 in Parcham wka in Ukraine, died in 1839 in Tobolsk), Lieutenant Colonel of the Polish Army, leader of the Patriotic Society. In 1808 he joined the army of the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1809-1811 in Spain, like MAJEWSKI [see below !]. He was a Freemason. He belonged to the lodge Shield North};

Wojciech Grzymala,
Stanislaw Soltyk

{Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833, senator of the Polish Kingdom, the Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw; in 1779 he was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge of the Three helmets, and in 1811/1812 he was a member of the lodge Temple of Isis [see Wankowicz].
J zef Soltyk in 1787 stayed in Kurozweki at the cousin's [of his father Maciej] home, and here welcomed King Stanislaus Augustus PONIATOWSKI [see Walewski in Volhynia].
Member of Parliament of the Cracow province in 1790 - Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833 - was one of the most active in the preparation of the Constitution in 1791.
In 1794, on a secret mission from Kosciuszko to the Viennese court, interned by the Austrians [see above on PASZKOWSKI and FISZER]; 1795 in exile, he played a leading role, and was one of the first initiators of the Italian's legions, was imprisoned several times by the Prussians and the Austrians;
and Stanislaw Soltyk in 1802 was (along with Tadeusz Czacki) the initiator of the Commercial Association, for export of grain through the Black Sea [see HORODYSKI, Szaniawski].
The president of the Central Committee of the Patriotic Society. 1826-1829, a state prisoner, chaired the 1829 conspiracy;
after the outbreak of the November Uprising, Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833 was honored as the patriarch of the struggle for freedom},

priest Konstanty Dembek, Stanislaw Zablocki, Andrzej Plichta and Roman Zaluski],

Downarowicz of Bialystok in 1822,

Duke Antoni Jablonowski.

Secret societies were called to life in 1821:
The Patriotic Society and
the Scytheman Association / SCYTHEMEN in the Great Poland -
General Stanislaw MIELZYNSKI,
Ignacy Pradzynski,
JAN UMINSKI in 1821 [in Poland in 1822, 5000 members].

Les Freres Anglais et Fran ais R unis was founded in 1807 in Poznan, subsidiaries of the French Grand Orient, and consisted of numerous military and civilian dignitaries and prominent citizens; the champion for a long time was general Wincenty Axamitowski.
Members:
Colonel Stanislaw Mycielski, J zef Poninski, Aleksander Zychlinski, Augustyn Zaborowski, Bernard Rose, Count Kacper Skarbek, Wiktor Szoldrski, General Henryk Dabrowski, General Amilkar Kosinski, Count Aleksander Bninski, Kazimierz Turno, Count Melchior Lacki. In 1812 Faustyn Zakrzewski a master; and Jozef Poniatowski; others members: Barbara Dabrowska, Julianna Poninska, Karolina Palombini, Jaraczewska, Wincentyna Axamitowska, Eufemia Kwasniewska, Sulkowska, and Augustyna Zablocka; Lasocki in Lomza, General Kretkowski in Leczyca, Plichta in Plock, Franciszek Mickiewicz, General Stanislaw Mielzynski, Maximilian and Adam Moszczenski;
it was constituted again in December 1815 and on 16 March 1816 with Zaborowski, and was the meeting mourning for a brother TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO / Thaddeus Kosciuszko on 19 December 1817.
In Dec. 1819 - Jan. 1820 was meeting of General Jan Nepomucen Uminski with Colonel Dobrogoyski, envoy of Kalisz. Dobrogoyski informed on the secret network in Cracow, and Uminski was claiming that is always ready to establish a branch in the Great Poland; he had confidential relations with Lieutenant Colonel Louis Sczaniecki; the secret organisation was formed - probably at the beginning of 1820 in Poznan - national Freemasonry:
Sczaniecki, Count Wiktor Szoldrski, Gajewski, Czapski, Pawlikowski, Morawski, Jarochowski, Karol Stablewski, Klaudiusz Sczaniecki, brothers Bojanowski, Zaborowski, Radomski, Stanislaw Chlapowski, Sk rzewski, three brothers Mielzynski, two Potworowski, Tytus Dzialynski, J zef Krzyzanowski, Garstkiewicz, Monkowski, Bukowiecki, Alojzy Zaborowski, Kalinowski, General Pradzynski also in Warsaw.
General Uminski was a member since 1820 with witnesses Morawski, Pradzynski, Adam Grabowski, with a contacts to counties nobility of southern, around Gostyn and Leszno. Maybe a separate filial existed in Leszno. In 1820 gathered a large number of members from the Leszno area; Pradzynski was in Leszno a member of the commission to limit the Russian - Prussian border.

The Union of Scythemen came from the National Poznan Freemasonry.
According to testimony of Pradzynski - General Stanislaw Mielzynski was the chairman of above The Union of Scythemen;
members among others:
judge Morawski and general Uminski, the delegate to the headquarters in Warsaw. The oath was more militancy, than of the national Freemasonry. When in Poznan was founded named above Union, in Warsaw a negotiations were started in the direction of assimilation whole organization. Poznan recommended the creation of the central committee of the whole Poland in Warsaw or Poznan; Uminski stayed in Warsaw since May 6, 1821. To the Association was given the name of the Patriotic Society [in Warsaw]. At the head stood Wierzbolowicz.
Uminski was the formal founder of the Patriotic Society.
In this way national Freemasonry formally ended its life, transforming in 1820 in Poznan to the Union of Scythemen, and in 1821 to the Patriotic Society. People remained the same.
Uminski again was - from February to April 1822 - in Warsaw.
J zef Krzyzanowski, was in Warsaw, too, but soon, in fact Lukasinski was arrested, and also Dobrogoyski and Dobrzycki.
1823 Count Stanislaw Soltyk, later Franciszek Jablonowski, among others, made contact with Russia.

ROMAN SOLTYK:

General Franciszek Paszkowski in 1816 - 1819 lived in the Great Poland, then in Cracow. Acc. to me Paszkowski was secret member of the Union of Scythemen, and he escaped in 1822 to Free City of Cracow.
There he was very active as a mason, especially supported the underground struggle for independence and unification of Poland.
The 'Union of the Scythemen' was a secret organization for Polish independence, which operates in the Poznan region in 1820-1826. It was established on the base of the Poznan National Freemasonry with the head board - Gen. Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski, and General Jan Nepomucen Uminski. Gen. Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski [see Pawlowice and Aleksander Bilewicz senior, and Baszkow close to Krotoszyn - see the branch of Angela Merkel] carried out the unification talks in Warsaw, ending with the transformation of Freemasonry to the National Patriotic Society in May 1821 [Ignacy Pradzynski, Maciej Mielzynski and Louis / LUDWIK Szczaniecki] but was broken in 1826.

Mentioned Maciej J zef Franciszek Mielzynski b. 1799 in Winna Gora, d. on March 5, 1870, Polish political and social activist, a landowner. He was the son of Jozef Mielzynski / Joseph; he was educated in Berlin; he was imprisoned for participating in the 'Union of the Scythemen'; took part in the November Uprising in 1831, served under the command of Dezydery Chlapowski. For a short time he lived in exile, then jailed; also received a high penalty fine.

And now we look at
Roman Soltyk b. 1790 - d. 1843, who was a Polish nobleman, political activist and general [see Wola Pszczolecka and Kalinowski]. Born in Warsaw; Roman was son of Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, and Caroline / Karolina Sapieha.
ROMAN SOLTYK was a member of secret independence organisations in the Congress Poland, like his father, he became a member of the underground Patriotic Society. In 1826 he was imprisoned, but released [see Union of Scythemen]. Linked to the conspiracy of Piotr Wysocki. In 1830, vice-president of the Patriotic Association.

Stanislaw Soltyk b. 1752, d. 1833, senator of the Polish Kingdom, the Speaker of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw; in 1779 he was the caretaker of the Masonic lodge of the Three helmets, and in 1811/1812 he was a member of the lodge Temple of Isis [see Wankowicz].

MAJEWSKI at head of the TEMPLARS

[Captain Franciszek Majewski, was authorized to set up the Lodge by the Edinburgh, whose members he knew during his stay in England; The TEMPLARS [Templariusze] acted until the outbreak of the November Uprising in Kiev and Berdichev. Many of the Templars were also members of Patriotic Society, like Lieutenant Colonel Seweryn Krzyzanowski. The Patriotic Society also spread to Lithuania, where reached the Masonic circles.
The Templars Masonic Society was founded in 1820 in Volyn.
The arrests, which took place in 1825, after the military coup of the Decembrists, resulted in detection of the Patriotic Society.
Piotr Moszynski born 1800, the member of the TEMPLARS, exiled after 1826 in TOBOLSK, back to CRACOW, was also the Chairman of the Mound of Kosciuszko Committee in Cracow, 1856 - 1878,
after GENERAL Franciszek Paszkowski.

Ca 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836 [in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh"]. The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780. In 1791 - the formation of its first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master.
In 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, became Grand Master himself.
The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St. John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna]. In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!
The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. His mother - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz];

co-operated with
Piotr Lagowski, Zablocki, Uminski of Poznan, Oborski in Lithuania, Ludwik Sobanski in Volhynia, CICHOWSKI in KALISZ, Jordan in Cracow, Romer, Bialozor, Jozef and Stanislaw Gruzewski, A. Soltan, Mikulicz, brothers Mackiewicz,
Karol PROZOR,
Aleksander Pociej, Zawisza, Konstanty Radziwill, Nowomiejski, Billewicz, Karwicki, Jozef ZALEWSKI, Worcell, Narcyz OLIZAR, Piotr Moszynski, PULASKI.

Ignacy Pradzynski was a member of the 'Kosynierzy Union' and one of the founders of the Patriotic Society (1821).
Captive (1826-1829) for belonging to secret organizations. In 1830-1831, during the November Uprising, a subcommand of the Zamosc Fortress, then quartermaster general of the General Staff, commander of the corps of engineers and -
from August 16 to August 19, 1831 - general commander.
Author of war plans against Russia, partly used by general Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki. He was also the author of a plan to coordinate partisan activities in the Kingdom of Poland [compare Sulimierski - Zaliwski movement in 1833; see LUBIEC estate].

The 'Kosynierzy Association' - a secret Polish independence organization operating in the Poznan province in 1820-1826.

It was founded on the base of the Poznan National Masonry. Its ties to the emperor Alexander I were not responsible for the Poznan activists. At the head of the 'Kosynierzy Union' was
General Stanislaw Kostka Mielzynski

[Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski born in 1778, Rabin, died 1826, Pawlowice, Count, Freemason.

Count Stanislaw Mielzynski on 24 Nov. 1806, was appointed colonel of the Napoleonic army and began to organize the 3rd Infantry Regiment; Col. Stanislaw Mielzynski was stationed in Pawlowice; in August 1807 in Poznan under Colonel Mielzynski. The 3rd Infantry Regiment / the Legia of Poznan received the number 11th and was part of the 3rd Infantry Division, of General J. H. Dabrowski. Stanislaw Kostka Andrzej Jakub Mielzynski - 1810, Brigadier General of the Polish Army.
Stanislaw was the son of Maksymilian Antoni (1738-1799), and Konstancja Czapska].

The delegate to the Kingdom of Poland was General Jan Nepomucen Uminski.
He also in May 1821 carried out unification talks in Warsaw, ending with the transformation of National Freemasonry into the Patriotic Society, to which he had subordinated the 'Union of Scytheman' / SCYTHEMEN, with
Ignacy Pradzynski,
Maciej Mielzynski
and Ludwik Sczaniecki.

It was broken down in 1826, in connection with the deconstruction of the Patriotic Society in the Kingdom of Poland.

Association 'LECHICI':

Association of Free Poles (Association of Free Poles Brothers, Association of Free Lechites) - secret patriotic organization, operating in 1819-1823 in the Kingdom of Poland.
The organization was founded in November 1819 in Warsaw, and leaders were
Tadeusz Krepowiecki,
Wiktor Heltman and
Ludwik Piatkiewicz,
with Seweryn Goszczynski, Maurycy Mochnacki, Stanislaw Jachowicz, J zef Kozlowski and Ksawery Bronikowski.
The Association of Free Poles numbered about 40 members fighting for the full unification of Polish lands and the independence of the state, while promoting the principles of liberalism,
urged to fight against the Russian invader, and prepared papers.
After the arrest of Wiktor Heltman and Ludwik Piatkiewicz in 1821, the activities of the organization weaken. In 1823, the Association of Free Poles was dissolved.

We back to Kiedrzynski - Pstrokonski branch:

Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783, m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with Marianna, and Wiktoria Pstrokonska [b. ca 1740 ?] married Marcin Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1715/1720 ?], son of Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, 1668 - 1729, and Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680 or Anna Gomolinska.

See marriage in RADOMSKO:
1751: Walenty Pagowski m. Franciszka Karsnicka 1voto Ostrowska widowed, with witnesses: Dionizy Zaremba, Kazimierz Ostrowski, Walenty Bleszynski of Rozn w, and Brzuchowski.
1756: Adam Rozek m. Marianna Bleszynska in Rozny, marriage in Dobryszyce; witnesses: Walenty Pagowski of Piaszczyce and Walenty Bleszynski.
1761: Sebastian Kobierzycki m. Jadwiga Komornicka of Braclaw from Ladzice; witnesses Walenty Bleszynski, Marian Komornicki.
In 1778:
Ludwik Kiedrzynski m. R za Bleszynska of Rozny; witnesses: Stefan Siemienski, Adam Rogojski, Melchior Dulski.

In Radomsko:
1739 -
Augustyn was born; mother Agnieszka Kiedrzynska.

In the Sieradz county in 1791/1793:
Kiedrzynski Floryan with his son Leon Kiedrzynski.

Note to FRANKENBERG:

in 1704, Teresa Ruszkowska, widowed after Seweryn Czyzewski, vs. Stanislaw Dominikowski and Zofja Kiedrzynska Dominikowska, 1 voto Adam Drogonski.

We have two noblewomen named Julianna Kiedrzynska:

1. Sobotka, 1798, Jan Arnold 1751-1840, the owner of Pecherzow, married Juljanna Kiedrzynski [2nd], b. ca 1770 / or in 1772-1811, 1st married Ruszkowska, widowed, the owner of Wierzchoslaw.
witness Maciej Bogdanski, official in KALISZ.
2. Note:
Andrzej Kiedrzynski b. 1715/1720, was probably a cousin to MARCIN Kiedrzynski, senior, b. ca 1700-1788.

Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, was the owner of Orpiszewek [born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798].

Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

J zef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna [1st] nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko / ORPISZEWEK in 1809/1811
(Orpiszewko was owned by the Kiedrzynskis);
with daughter Kunegunda born before 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784, son of Zofia Tymienicki Chrzanowska.

Jozef Madalinski was son of Kajetan Madalinski, 1740-1784 and Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740 or 1750 - 1784.

Dorota was 1st married (1768 / 1769 ?) to Wawrzyniec Grabinski / Wawrzyniec Bartlomiej Grabinski who d. before 1769, his father Stefan Grabinski d. 1742, mother Konstancja Lubiatowska d. 1763; his brothers: Jan Grabinski, Andrzej Grabinski, Bartlomiej Grabinski d. 1787; his step-father Szymon Czarniecki d. 1744;
Dorota m. 2nd to Tomasz Psarski born ca 1740 / 1750, died ca 1807; Tomasz was owner of Wola Dzierlinska bought in 1786. Antoni PSARSKI who was the son of Tomasz, and Lucja Czekulin had daughter KONSTANCJA Psarska (b. ca 1819 - died after 1840). Above Tomasz Psarski born ca 1740 - died after 1770 / 1819 + Dorota Kiedrzynska 1740-1784 had son Antoni Psarski born in 1770.
Dorota m. 3rd to Kajetan Madalinski 1740-1784, with son J zef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809.

Dorota's brother -
Izydor Kiedrzynski who was b. 1749 and m. to Helena who was born in 1762 and she died in Wola Wiazowa in 1828 [the family of the author].

Jakub Kiedrzynski was born in 1738 in WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish; died in 1798. His two wives: Brygida Bardzka [in 1767]; and Julianna nee Bogdanska [ca 1788].
Above J zef MADALINSKI, b. 1774, died after 1809, Captain in 1809, m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1st voto JAKUB Kiedrzynski; she d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko in 1809 (Orpiszewko was the Kiedrzynskis).
J zef Wawrzyniec Kajetan MADALINSKI b. 1774, owner of Kraszyn and Chodaki, had children:
a) Kunegunda b. ca 1809 in Orpiszewek, m. in 1835 in Restarzew, to Grzegorz Chrzanowski b. ca 1784;
b) Sebastian Fabian MADALINSKI.

J zef Wawrzyniec Kajetan MADALINSKI b. 1774 had brother Jakub Hiacynt MADALINSKI born 1775, m. Honorata Psarska died ca 1820, with daughter Anna b. 1797, m. in 1821 to J zef Julian Walewski son of Andrzej owner of Wola Balucka, 2nd time married to Jan Kanty Psarski, landowner of Wielgie.

3. In Raszk w in 1801 [RASZKOW - 9 km south-west to BEDZIESZYN]:
Teofila Domicella was born, the daughter of Jan Antoni Arnold, the owner of Pecherzew in the Sieradz province, by his wife Julianna Kiedrzynski, 1st Ruszkowska
[JAKUB Kiedrzynski had daughter Juliana Konstancja Kiedrzynska b. ca 1770/1772].
Godparents:
J zef Ossowski and
Franciszka Radolinska, she was the owner of Bedzieszyn
[Bedzieszyn in 1778, owned by Jan Kosicki; Bedzieszyn - 10 km na p lnoc od Ostrowa; 8 km south-east to BIEGANIN / Bieganino of Kiedrzynski; 20 km west to KALISZ].
Ossowski the owner of BINIEW / Bieniewo, 6 km west to named BEDZIESZYN.

4. In Raszk w, 1801, Jan Nepomucen J zef Ruszkowski was born, with godparents:
Ignacy Frankenberg and his wife Marcjanna, both owners of Koscielec [east to Proszowice ? or KOSCIELEC near to Redziny, Mstow, Rudniki, Lubojenka, WIERZCHOWISKO - north-east to Czestochowa; see Kiedrzynski].

5. Kiedrzynski Franciszek Placyd, son of J zef Kiedrzynski, was born in 1771.

6. In BESANCON was living lieutenant Kiedrzynski, inf. by the Polish National Committee in Dec. 1831-1832. No inf. in 1833 !

In the Cracow prov. in 1791:

Antoni, Kiedrzynski, born in 1751, in Kiedrzyn close to Czestochowa.

Close to Czestochowa in 1783 1792:
Kamyk - owned by mentioned above Antoni Kiedrzynski and Stanislaw Jeziorkowski;
Kiedrzyn - to Antoni Kiedrzynski;
Kobylczyce - Maciej Pstrokonski, and Jan Nepomucen Woznicki with Marcin Wierciszewski and Ignacy Korwin Jaszewski.
Kotowice Adam Mecinski;
Kruszyna - until 1789 Konstancja nee Danilowicz, married Potocka. 1789 - Adam Potocki.
Kuzniczka - Antoni Kiedrzynski with Paciorkowski;
Wierzchowisko - part to Antoni Kiedrzynski,
Wilkowiecko - 1783 owned by Maksymilian Chodakowski. 1790 - Jakub Fryderyk Psarski.
Wola Hankowska - Bartlomiej Trepka, and Antoni Kiedrzynski.

In Kalisz:

in 1774, Wojciech Ciesielski, the son of Antoni Ciesielski, the grandson of Krzysztof Ciesielski. In a court with Marianna Gawlowska, also Jan; Izydor and Florjan Ciesielski - brothers in Zdzenice Skrzyszczyzna and the owners of Ciesielszczyzna.
Vs Kasper Kiedrzynski, son of Andrzej Kiedrzynski and Franciszka Jackowski-Kiedrzynska. It was sold part of Skrzeszczyzna.

In 1735 in KALISZ:
Kazimierz Ciesielski, son of named above Krzysztof Ciesielski and Maria Dzenicki-Ciesielska, on behalf of Stanislaw; Antoni and Jan Ciesielski - brothers, about Zdzenice Skrzeszczyzna in part ceded to Marcjan Zdzenicki.

Zdzenice / Zdzienice, close to TUREK, and Malan w; south-west to TUREK, 18 km north-west to DOBRA; 14 km north to MADALIN and BEDZIECHOW of Kiedrzynski; 4 km north-east to MALANOW, 20 km north-west to MILEJOW [see GLUCHOW !].

Prior of the monastery at Jasna G ra:
Anastazy Kiedrzynski 05.1719 - 05.1722.

The GOMOLINSKI family:

Stanislaw Gomolinski official in Wielun, who was Jan's son from Szpinkowno, and two daughters, Anna and Barbara.

Piotr Gomolinski b. ca 1510, official in Sieradz, married widow Mieszkowska, with 2 sons:
Jan Gomolinski and
Mikolaj, and 4 daughters:
Barbara, Weronika, Urszula and Anna b. ca 1545 ?;
Piotr was the owner of Lopatki.
Above sons -
A.
born ca 1530, Jan [Jan Gomolinski in the Sieradz province] + Belzacka, with children:
1. mistake - see sons of Mikolaj ! Born ca 1550, Stanislaw the bishop of Chelm, and Kamieniec, who by Jan Zamojski, chancellor, in 1589, in the Lublin, was appointed guardian;

2. Florian, b. ca 1580 ?;
3. Marcin.

Come from Florian or from Marcin Gomolicki - in 1764: Andrzej Gomolinski, from the Leczyca province; Ludwik Roch Sariusz Gomolinski, colonel and Piotr Sariusz Gomolicki, the major of the Crown.

4. Kazimierz Gomolinski b. ca 1580/1610, was the son of Jan Gomolinski, junior b. ca 1550? Kazimierz Gomolinski, of Lazinska, had son
Wladyslaw Gomolinski, and Wladyslaw [Wladyslawa GOMOLINSKI born ca 1630] married Slomkowska with the son
Jan Gomolinski [born ca 1660/1670]. Jan with Bielicka had 3 sons:
Antoni; Franciszek; Karol [b. 1700 ?].

Note:
JAN GOMOLINSKI b. ca 1665, had son:
Karol Sariusz-Gomolinski 1696-1784, died in Krosniewice,
Polish judge, medical chamberlain. Named Karol Saryusz Jelita Gomolinski b. 1696, chamberlain of Leczyca, m. Helena Pokrzywnicka with the son Ignacy Gomolinski, the instigator.
Ignacy born ca 1725.
Ignacy's sisters:
1. b. ca 1738, J zefata Sariusz-Gomolinska 1738-1823, primo voto Count Skarbek, General major; secundo voto Szymon Dzierzbicki official in Leczyca.
2.
b. ca 1740, Marianna + Count Opacki of MINSK.

B.
b. ca 1530, Mikolaj + Myszkowska, the daughter of Marcin Myszkowski, official in Wielun, with 3 sons of named MIKOLAJ GOMOLINSKI:
1. Stanislaw, priest in Krakow; bishop in Luck,
2. b. ca 1560, Jedrzej the brother of Stanislaw bishop, married Debowska of Sieradz.
3. Florian Gomolinski of Sieradz, MP in 1595.

Aleksander Gomolinski b. ca. 1610, d. ca 1667, had 2 sons:
1. b. ca 1640, Samuel Gomolinski, maybe in the Radomsko county, by his mother Barbara Malachowska Gomolinska,
2. Aleksander Gomolinski + Teresa Lipska had son
Jan, b. ca 1645, and daughter Ewa born ca 1646, inf. 1667, after Swientoslaw Lipski, the priest of Choczki in the Kalisz province took heirloom.

Jan Gomolinski m. Zbijewska, but she died in 1687, Cracow.
We know on Pawel Gomolinski d. 1711, Bishop of Kiev from 1698, royal secretary.

The Pstrokonski - Kiedrzynski - Gomolinski branch:

Pstrokonski Franciszek Ksawery 1715 - ca 1783, m. Agnieszka Nieniewska d. 1776, with Marianna, and Wiktoria [b. ca 1740 ?] married Marcin Kiedrzynski [b. before or ca 1720], son of Jakub Kiedrzynski

{Marcin Kiedrzynski b. before or ca 1720, son of Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, 1668 - 1729, and Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680}

and his wife Anna Gomolinska or Ewa Gomolinska b. ca 1680.

Brothers and cousins of Marcin Kiedrzynski

(Marcin Kiedrzynski b. before or ca 1720, come from Jakob / Jakub Kiedrzynski senior b. 1668
[Gomolinska Anna / Ewa m. Jakub Kiedrzynski SENIOR, d. 1729 - the Wielun officer]
- owner of Dymki in the Lututow parish since 1698, inf. 1709 Wielun. Dymki and Lututow - Dymki estate of the Kiedrzynskis is situated 5 km east of Lututow, in the Wieruszow county):

1. Jakub Kiedrzynski / Jakob Kiedrzynski the 3rd, junior, b. 1738 in WILCZKOW; in 1775 court with Anna [JULIANNA] about Kurow (see Walewski; close to Wola Pszczolecka; see Malkiewicz!) close to Wielun; inf. in 1786 and 1788 in Kalisz.
Jakub Kiedrzynski from Kalisz, born in WILCZKOW, was the son of mentioned above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720, and JAKUB was the owner of Orpiszewek.
WILCZKOW in the GLUCHOW parish.
JAKUB died in 1798.
Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 [Antoni PSARSKI m. Lucja Czekulin] were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

See: Erasmus Mycielski and Szaniawski Jan Kalasanty.

The closest relatives of the MADALINSKI family was Jakub Kiedrzynski of Kalisz [born in 1738 in Wilczkow] who helped to this family. J zef Madalinski, Jakub Madalinski and Julianna were owners of Raczkow and Upuszczow, inf. 1786. Above JAKUB Kiedrzynski junior, and Antoni Psarski in 1792 were next of kin to the Madalinski family.

Above J zef MADALINSKI, Captain in 1809 m. Julianna nee Bogdanska, 1 voto Kiedrzynska, d. in Orpiszew / Orpiszewko in 1809 (Orpiszewko was the Kiedrzynskis).

2. Jan Kiedrzynski b. ?
(others with the first name Jan: Jan Kiedrzynski with Ostoja arms, b. ca 1710 and Jan Kiedrzynski b. ca 1680 who was brother (?) of Adam - inf. 1704 from the Poznan province),

3. Andrzej Kiedrzynski (senior) - b. ca 1715/1720, owner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino ca 23 km west of Kalisz and 16 km south of Orpiszewko / Orpiszewek [see Izydor Kiedrzynski and his son - Gabriel / Gabryel Kiedrzynski].

4. Ignacy Kiedrzynski / Ignacy Kiedrzynski [b. ca 1730; acc. to my research he was the brother of named above Andrzej Kiedrzynski born ca 1715/1720.
Andrzej Kiedrzynski was the landowner of Biegacino in 1760, that is Bieganin / Bieganino ca 23 km west of Kalisz and 16 km south of Orpiszewko; married Franciszka Jackowska]:

In 1764 in Wielgomlyny, Ignacy Kiedrzynski of Malowana Wola (5 km east of DMENIN; 9 km north-west of WOLKA BANKOWA; 5 km north of Kobiele Wielkie) married Zofia nee Zablocka 1 voto Swiecicka (widow, a woman who has lost her husband by death).

Cousins of above named Marcin Kiedrzynski, come from Jakob / Jakub Kiedrzynski senior, the Wielun officer:

1. Kasper or Kacper Kiedrzynski, with wife Maryanna Arcichowska.

2. Wiktoria nee Kiedrzynska, m. Adam Rogujski owner of Wola Murowana, 9 km south of Opoczno - inf. in 1781 and 1782.

3. Michal Kiedrzynski b. after 1745, owner of Kamyk close to Klobuck and Wilkowiecko - in the Cracow province, west of Kiedrzyn, east of the Polish border and Prussia - inf. 1783 - 1788; in 1781, Colonel Chodakowski bought the estate Wilkowiecko - 14 km north-west of Kamyk of the Kiedrzynskis, and 9 km north-west of Klobuck - then to the Psarskis.

Kamyk, close to Klobuck (26 km to the Austrian border and 12 km north-west of Czestochowa), was the Kiedrzynski property since 1672 from the Bielski brothers, owned by Franciszek Kiedrzynski - inf. 1669 in the Wielun county; born ca 1625; Franciszek Kiedrzynski was the brother of Ignacy, Jan, and Stanislaw Kiedrzynski - inf. 1669 of the Wielun county; Franciszek was son of Piotr Kiedrzynsky b. ca 1595 - inf. of 1621 on the Wielun county. Piotr was the branch of Jan Kiedrzynski vel Kierzynski, with the Ostoja coat of arms, b. ca 1565, inf. of 1590 in Kolo, about Jan - writer of Ostrzeszow, again inf. of 1606 in Wielun

4. Wojciech Kiedrzynski born 1745 in Kiedrzyn, killed by Russians in Krzepice on 05 November 1768; he was living in the Sieradz province. Krzepice - Czestochowa i Klobuck were the centre of the Bar Confederation in 1768.

5. Antoni Aleksy Kiedrzynski b. ca 1740, owner of Kamyk, Kiedrzyn - inf. 1745, Lechow(o), Kuznica Kiedrzynska, Wola Kiedrzynska north of Czestochowa, officer in Latyczow, the Ostoja coat of arms, he lost assets.
Kiedrzynski taken out loans in the Royal Prussian Bank in Berlin. His land estate was in debt (the Kiedrzyn property). This was in the years 1793 - 1806. In 1815 the Government of the Polish Kingdom took over debts owed by the Kiedrzyn property and took over the management of this lands in Kiedrzyn (in the jurisdiction of the State).
The Kiedrzyn estate was situated in the Lelow county, the Cracow province, south-east of Kamyk of the Kiedrzynskis, north of Czestochowa, east of Liswarta river - the border of Poland and Prussia.

We back to conspirators:

Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo.

The Society of Polish Republicans was the Polish secret organization, in Warsaw on October 1, 1798 to mid-1801; with contact to the Deputation in Paris, and Kosciuszko in Paris.

The main activists were:
Jan Orchowski / John Aloysius Orchowski,
Raymond Rembielinski [see Wiktor Rembielinski],
Andrzej HORODYSKI / Andrew Horodyski and
Erazm Mycielski / Erasmus Mycielski.

Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo [son of ANTONI], freemason, in 1798 moved to Warsaw, where he became director - after ERAZM Mycielski - of the Society of Polish Republicans.

Horodyski Andrzej maintained correspondence with J. K. Szaniawski in 1802.

Andrzej Horodyski, a friend of the duke J zef Poniatowski, in 1831, the deputy of the minister of the FOREIGN Affairs in Warsaw. His portrait, painted by Benner in 1816.
Note at margin:
Franciszek Kostrzewski - a painter, illustrator, associated with the Warsaw artistic community, was born in 1826 in Warsaw, invited and hosted by noblemen and landowners, he was among others at Sulkowskis in Rydzyna, Chlapowski in Turwia, Koscielski in Karczyn, and Horodyski in Molodiatycze.
Molodiatycze - village in Poland located in the Lublin province, close to Trzeszczany, 18 km west of Hrubiesz w.
In 1578, the village belonged to the Branicki family. In the 18th century Molodiatycze were the property of the Wyszynski. Around 1823, the village was inherited by the daughter of Tomasz Wyszynski and brought them in the dowry to Antoni Horodyski (1798-1877).

Antoni Horodyski junior, 1798-1877, son of Ignacy Horodyski and Teresa Koczorowska.
Ignacy Horodyski, 1776-1856, son of Antoni Horodyski senior, born ca 1740, official in DYNEBURG + Ksawera Jaworska.
Above Ignacy Horodyski 1776 / 1780-1856.
Note:
The Baworowo castle in the TARNOPOL county; close to Zastaw; 21 south-east to Tarnopol / Tiernopil; west to SKALAT; south to ZBARAZ. Brody - see PASZKOWSKI - ca 90 km north-west to Tarnopol.
A wooden castle was located on a hill, and in the 17th century, the stronghold was rebuilt. The Malecki family around 1800 abandoned the castle; in 1851, the estate was bought by Count Wiktor Baworowski from Malecki. See:
Andrzej Michal Horodyski b. 1773 in Baworowo [son of ANTONI + 1st wife JUSTYNA MARCHOCKA HORODYSKA; Antoni Horodyski senior, 2nd married to Ksawera Jaworska], freemason, in 1798 moved to Warsaw, where he became director - after ERAZM Mycielski - of the Society of Polish Republicans. Horodyski Andrzej Michal d. ca 1857.
In 1773 named Bawor w belonged to the Galician Podole in AUSTRIA.
Andrzej Michal Horodyski in 1796 became the activist of Lviv Centralization.
See: Ignacy Horodyski b. ca 1780-1856, the son of Antoni Horodyski senior, and Ksawera Jaworska.
Jadwiga Horodyska b. ca 1830-1903, the daughter of Antoni Horodyski junior, 1798-1877, and Ignacja Wyszynska - see above Molodiatycze.
The son Wladyslaw, married to J zefa Chrzanowska. In 1866, a distillery was in Molodiatycze - compare Wola Wiazowa. Before 1890, the village was in the hands of Antoni Horodyski, son of Wladyslaw. Antoni Horodyski 3rd, 1858-1902, first married to J zefa Rostworowska, and after her death to Taida Wodzicka.

Andrzej Michal Horodyski / Michal Andrzej Horodyski, b. 1773, translator, and Freemason. Wedding about 1800.
Translator together with Szaniawski, 1808; also with S. Staszic, F. K. Dmochowski, A. and K. Gliszczynski, A. Wyganowski, M. Wodzynski.
Horodyski Andrzej Michal, 1798 co-organizer and secretary of the Polish Republicans Society; Jacobin, 1807-09 he cooperated in organizing the Polish authorities; 1831, the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1830-1831) - the head Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. Wincenty Niemojowski - vice president, head of the Administration and Police Department.
In 1831, Minister of Internal Affairs and Police has been appointed Bonawentura Niemojowski then Antoni Gliszczynski; Wiktor Rembielinski the minister of justice.

Horodyski Andrzej Michal, 1798, took over these functions - secretary of the Polish Republicans Society - after ERAZM Mycielski. 1801, the direction of the Society.
Maintained encrypted correspondence with H. Kollataj - became one of Kollataja's closest friends.

In 1802, he became a shareholder of the Trzycieski, Horodyski et comp. - commercial house, which was also opened in Odessa, to which they also received:
P. Maleszewski
[see Venture de Paradise / Sulkowski / Napoleon, and Breguet - Duflon in Russia + Konstantynowicz, Nobel, Armand],
J. K. Szaniawski
[area of Wieruszow and Szaniawski was the family of Erazm Mycielski. General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski approached Gen. Dabrowski's opponents - he became friend with J zef Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrzej Horodyski, with whom he was later considered, at the time of the Duchy of Warsaw, as one of the leaders of "Polish Jacobins"]
and J. Drzewiecki
[see DUFLON in St. Petersburg co-operated with DRZEWIECKI - his family. Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand, the lover of Lenin].

Andrzej HORODYSKI after the invasion of the Russians in 1813, he became associated with Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. In time of The November Uprising was connected with General Skrzynecki. He was a member of the freemasonry lodge of Isis / Izis in 1811/1812, a member of the Great Kazimierz Wielki in 1819/1820 [1816, Casimir the Great worked until the dissolution in 1821]. Izis in the east of Warsaw - a Polish masonic lodge opened on April 1, 1780.

Note at margin:
Michal Jerzy Poniatowski b. 1736, d. 1794 in Warsaw, the Plock bishop in 1773, the Freemason, son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, and Konstancja Czartoryska; the brother of the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
MICHAL had son Piotr Maleszewski
[closest to Jozef KALASANTY Szaniawski, and Horodyski] - see Sulkowski + Venture de Paradise, also Breguet and Duflon - Konstantynowicz.

I concluded in my genealogical search that among families with Konstantynowicz surname which live in Poland are two or three separate groups: 

1.

The eldest information about a Konstantynowicz nickname, but not about the Fox coat of arms (crest), go back to 07 October 1515 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz) and to  the Hrodna area: 

Jakub (= Jakov) Konstantynowicz sued to a court his neighbour Tolloczko. His relative surely Olechno Konstantynowicz held a post in the Hrodna  municipal tribunal in 1539. He sued his neighbour Dowtortowicz in 1542. The Konstantynowiczs - both of above mentioned - were the  landowners of their Duke. Then the nest of them was in villages Toloczki, Ejsmonty and Jurewicze in the Hrodna region (probably since c. 1500) and  they  were knighted in 1578 with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms. 

We are lacking information that they had the Fox coat of arms proper already and I don't know if the Konstantynowicz nickname was the  surname  in anyone case in the beginning of the 16th cent.! Or it maybe the Konstantynowicz name was only an "otchestvo" (by-name) id est a  form deriving from Konstanty or Konstantyn names with oriental ending "wicz" (= vich). However it's not unlikely that Jakub was a  father of Olechno and Michno Konstantynowicz but there is no probability on proved of the thesis.  Michno and Olechno  that's  very popular form of Belorussian names with ending "-no" and "-ko" in the 15th and 16th cent.; I give others examples: Senko  Miloszewicz  from Ostryna 1528, Iwanko and Misko Miloszewicz in Podlasie, Mitko from Vicebsk = Vitsyebsk (or Witebsk) province in 1528,  Michno Lyszczynski in 1528, Michno Polanski 1515, Mleczko from Vilkmerge 1467, Piotr Olechnowicz (surname from Christian name of father) 1501,  Senko Mikolajewicz 1514, Szymko Mikolajewicz from Upita, Jacko son of Mikula Wasilkowicz A.D. 1525, Mitko (= Mikolaj) Mickiewicz with Fox  arms et ceteri and also little villages exempli gratia Olechnowszczyzna in the Minsk province; besides I found out about Dmitrei son of  Konstantin in the 15th century, Polut Konstiantinowic' mid 15th century, Kostiantinowic' Semen mid 15th century, Chebotko Konstiantinow  in 1540 and  Fedor Konstentinow son of Spits 1552, a clerk in Wisztyniec - Michal Konstantynowicz Sumorok A.D. 1571, Iwan  Konstantynowicz  from Kulbaczyna in 1572 (but with Mackowicz surname nicknamed Kulbaka or Mackiewicz), Jaroslaw Konstantynowicz (but with Lukomski surname 1595).

I was faced with the difficult task of collecting information and differing interpretations about origin of our ancestry. One has to be careful with final claims and theses for some years and in passing judgement on first person with the Konstantynowicz surname.

A person with a Konstantynowicz nickname in the first half of the 16th cent. didn't has to be the person with the Konstantynowicz surname. I called it purposely to the attention of you.

The  Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox  coat of arms proper lived  only in the Trakai district (i.e. district of Troki since c. 1550), the Samaites territory (since c. 1550)  and in the Minsk  province (since c. 1570) by c. 1600 (next  in the Slonim area after c. 1600;  also in Vilna / Wilno since c. 1640) as good as proves it all  armorials. One of string evidences say us  for example  that the record of common noble  movement A.D. 1528 doesn't  point to persons with the Konstantynowicz surname in  any districts of Lithuania (Grand Principality of  Lithuania)  according to all historical  sources. 

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A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501)  about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)".  A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too.

2.

Descendants of the Konstantynowicz family who derived from present Bukovina (Bukovina joined Austrian Empire in 1775 but it seems to be probable they moved house here from the Austria - Hungarys Volhynia after the 1st Partition of Poland, precisely in the eighties of the 18th century) at the border Ukraine on Roumania; it was the Greek church family in the 19th century  perhaps  and they (regarded as - in part, by authorities - Ukrainians) were displaced partially to the Mazury / East Prussia after 1945. Most of them live today in south - easterly Poland. You see also about village Zydowskie = Shydovskie where Michajlo Konstantynowicz lived and who was born 1790; his father was priest and mother - Maria Wapnicki - derived from Desznica i.e Deshnica; and about Emilian Konstantynowicz b. 1864, d. 1943, priest in 1887. They had  own GRECUL (i.e. GREKUL armorial bearings but own GREK arms was  Lithuanian origin, according to Mieroszowski) coat of arms in time of the Austria - Hungarys  Galicia at the beginning of the 19th cent. (Bazyli and Michal  Konstantynowicz 1803). I take note of them in ODESSA, Tschernowzy (= Chernovits)  in 1939 - 1940 and in Kiev after the second World War and 

besides e.g.  

"Officials in 1876" note in Bukovina: "(...) Konopasek Emanuel, Konstantinowicz von Grekul Gedeon, Landes-Hauptmann Stellvertreter (...)" and "Franz Josef-  Staatsgymnasium in Sereth": "(...) Kasriel Josef, Klocek Stanislaus Josef, Kohn Julius, Konstantinowicz, Ewald Ludwig Franz (...)". See: http://bukowina.info/FJSereth.pdf

Florin Konstantinowicz / Constantinovici from Roumania (Romania) was in Israel (the Tsafririm Holon team in 2001 - 2002).

3.

In all probability our ancestry with the Konstantynowicz surname derived from belorussian Czyz family i.e. Senko  Czyzewicz and his son Konstanty Czyz, I think. The Lithuanian - Byelorussian nobility was polonised as early as the 16th century (generally  speaking, the ethnically non Polish noble families of Belarus adopted the Polish language and culture but only Byelorussian was official language of the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 14th - 17th centuries till 1697) and converted from the Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism. The Czyz family used the coat of arms of FOX proper since 

1534 

id est Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza 

either Marcin Czyz Konstantynowicz from Nieczyca 

or Marcin Czyz Nieczycki (or Nietecki because different opinions have been passed upon him; more inf. on the Fox coat of arms in Lithuania and Belarus, see: the Fox crest) who was born probably c. 1495. 

The royal courtier Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza according to: 

Niesiecki 1839

Czarniecki 1875 

Boniecki 1901 

Leszczyc 1908/13, page 210

historical magazine of 1914

historical magazine of April 1938 (number 4/17, page 49)

Dymmel of 1995.

Konstantynowicz Czyz unknown of name (either Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 or the  probability is that Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus) was missed out in the last  will and testament of his father 

1547 

and devoid of a legacy which daughter Margaret inherited; she had got some brothers. Another lawsuits were also at that time: lady Katarzyna Czyz -  Boguszewski vs. her sons i.e. the sons of Stanislaw Wojciechowicz Czyzewicz or Czyz in 1546 and at the same time Jan Czyzewicz son of Jurij and his wife Hanna nee Narbut vs. Aleksander Czyzewicz son  of Wojciech in 1547.  

Part of the Czyz family from neighbourhood of Lida (either Nietiacz, Nieciecz, Nieciecza, Nieczyca or Nietiaz near to Dubrovny and  farther  Lipniszki, 9 km from Lida) 

c. 1550 

have accepted the Konstantynowicz surname (from Christian name of father according to Leszczyc of 1908/13; Konstiantin or Kostiantin = Konstantin that is "steadfast, constant") adopting the  armorial bearings of FOX proper and  moved out  to the Samaites territory  and also to the Trakai district, and after   from here to the Minsk province  circa 

1570

   I don't know surely where did Michno = Michal / Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus come from. I don't know doubtless if exactly Michno  was stripped of the assets by his sister in 1547.  

But then Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus /  Konstantinovicius - nobleman from Zaleskovscizna  /  Zaleskowszczyzna - was  founder of Roman  Catholic church in 

Krikstonys 

1562 

   Settlement Krikstonys / KRIK TONYS in Lithuania now, in  subdistrict Norageliai,   county Alytus / Olita, now the parish of Christ the King in Krikstonys   67252, phone 31847893; Post Office in Krikstonys, LT - 67014, Lazdijai /  Lozdzee / Lozdzieje District Municipality. Krikstonys is 18,5 km SW of  Alytus - near by Zilviciai, Gudonys, Dubravai and Lizdai; 2,5 km West of Nemunas and 5 km SE of Norageliai.
Krik tonių ba nyčia that is the Krikstonys church / Krik tonis (Krik t nys, Krik tonis, Krik tonys) in Lithuania / Литва / Litauen. Beside Nemunas. The Krik tonių cemetery is an archeological monument of national importance. "The priest of Krik tonis church and the land surveyor J. Reitelaitis was buried in the churchyard of this church". Krikstonys in Lithuania is located about 102 km South-West of Vilnius.

   

In reality just famous 

Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus  / Michal  Konstantinovicius 

received a big estate, an arable ground and forested land from the king Sigismund Augustus on 

04 January 1554 

i.e. the Merkine farmland or 

Merecz Michnowski 

was situated in the Merkine area, Merkine parish (= Merecz, Meretium or Merken area in the Troki district in the ex-province of Troki; a chief officer for life of the Merkine area was Jan Janowicz      Zabrzezinski / Zaberezenski since 1536; the Junowicz family lived close by Merkine - see also: the Pileszyszki estate), beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas), next to estuary of  Merkys  =  Mereczanka river 

and the same Michno possessed a landed property 

Zaleskowszczyzna / Zaleskovscizna  

49 km N-W-N of Lida in the Troki or Trakai district, too (close by a south - easterly border of the former Trakai district) as early as 

1552 

and it seems he owned Merkine (2nd) farmland in addition id est 

Merecz Michnowo 

upstream of Merkys river in the Turgeliai parish, 38 km S-E-S of Vilnius. Zaleskowszczyzna, Merecz Michnowski, Ulkiszki,  settlement Krikstonys and Merecz Michnowo are situated at the territory of   independent, since 1918 (1940 - 1991 occupied), Republic of Lithuania. We set out to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 original of the privilege edited by the king to MICHNO Konstantynowicz who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area  on 04 January 1554 and many of documents of 18th cent.  

c. 1550 Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territory: the Poszeszow estate in the middle of the 16th century

1598

Petrus Konstantynowicz

in France and Perugia (a province of Umbrien in Italy) according to "Lista degli scolari (...)"

1600

The Konstantynowicz family used POCHOWICZ by-name (or Pohozy, Pohosha, Pohowicz, Rokoz, Rohoza and Pokoz nicknames, information of 1937) at first in the Minsk province since A.D. 1600. 

It was a certain Rohoza family in the Orsa district and Verchnjadzvinsk (i.e. Dryssa) region A.D. 1602/1643 but it's not our line

c. 25 August 1601

A certain judicial document from the

district of Trakai 

(i.e. Troki) tell us about noblemen, Jan Sobolewski of Busilolisdy by Kraksznia river near by Urkiszki and Stanislaw Kiszka, who litigated against a neighbour from Lachowicze due to the same taken away a little ground in 1600; the landowner called Pavel i.e.

Pawel Konstantynowicz,

Matys Gozdziewski and Stefan Stankiewicz in evidence at the end of August 1601; we read in the document about neighbours: Koklin family and Jan Sowgowicz, and also about a functionary from Trakai, Jan Stanislawowicz from Bogdanowicze village; the document signed in 

Urkiszki, 

and above village Urkiszki i.e. Ulkiszki was situated only 1 km NW of Rudziszki (i.e. Rudiskes, Lithuania now). 

07 March 1643

Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz

was rewarded a privilege in the Minsk province handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa. Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz derived from above mentioned Mikolay.

These  facts noted down in armorials of the Grand duchy of  Lithuania: 

1578 Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 

1584 Michal Konstantynowic / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus / Konstantinovicius 

1648 Konstantinowicz or Konstantynowicz

Just after 
1661 

they partially moved house to the EAST BELARUS in the MSCISLAU / Mstsislaw province  near to: 

KRYCAU / Kritschew by Sosh / Kritchev / Krychaw  where we had eight hundred peasants c. 1700;  neighbourhood: the Brujewicz family (in Krycau A.D. 1745), Czyz (Bazyli Czyz was an officer in Krycau in 1522), Danilowicz (Russians burned down Krycau in 1655 and all assets of Pawel Danilowicz,  too), Holynski family (proprietors of  towns Krychaw = Kritchev and Klimavici but after 1772), Jerzy Malachowski, Nowodworski, Petrazycki, dukes Polubinski or Polubenski (here as early as  1540), Siemaszko (Jan Siemaszko + wife Tomila Saprynowski at the castle of Kritchev / Krychaw in 1695), Siemienowicz (a priest Wasyl Siemienowicz in 1664), a certain Szalus (clerk in Krycau in 1568 - he  fought against Russians in the Smolensk province), Mikolaj Shukovski (Nikolay Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski), Usakowski (in Zarubec since 1878), Weselowski (i.e. Wesolowski or Wiesiolowski in Kritschew as early  as 1634 and next in 1663), Jan  Zadanowicz (or Zdanowicz, Zdanavicius in Kritchev = Krychaw A.D. 1662, he came from the Orsa / Orscha district), Wacur (in Kritschew and nearby Zimonino or Zimonin) and  others families, 

MSCISLAU  (= Mstsislaw, Mstislavl, Mstislawl) 

(the effigy from http://www.kresy.co.uk/belo_costume.html)  

and in the region northwards of MSCISLAU i.e. the  villages Samava  (either Szamowo by the Lejedna river or Chamovo at the map   of 1834, Czamow at the map "Carte Des Frontieres de Pologne  et de Russie (...)" by Rizzi Zannoni  of 1772, only 3 km from present border of Russia), Kopceuka,  Niesterevo  or  Niesterow - the Berezetnia estate, where  Swedes  looted  their assets on 29 - 30 August (the battle near to  Dobroje by White  Natopa river 16 km SW of Mscislau) A.D. 

1708 

Those near and dear in the Mscislau / Mstsislaw territory, the Polish and others known and renowned families: 

Brujewicz 

of Boncza arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, in Bohdanovka - i.e. Bogdanowka in Russia  now - in the Mscislau ex-district since 1870 and here also Poplatyno since 1870; Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn - Bor or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejeviczi, 12 km NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy or Czausy - since 1876) 

counties  Puszkin /  Pushkin 

according to Szaposznikow, vol. 1, in Mscislau = Mstsislaw 1774; owned Kolodzicz / Oltuchow in the province A.D. 1560, next Sielec or Sjalec farm south of Mstsislaw (according to "Philip's Concise World Atlas", 2003) i.e. Mscislau,  Novae Sjalo  i.e. Nowosiolki SW of Mscislau in 1774  and Monachi  from Suchodolski  family;   relations: Sokolowski,  Konstantynowicz  and Reutt  family.  The greatest Russian poet, founder of classical  Russian   poetry, Alexander Pushkin, born June 6, 1799, in Moscow, into the old noble family.  

Dederko 

of Dederkalo arms (the crest verified on 10 March 1798, they lived in the Mscislau province and possessed: Stare Siolo - 8 km NW of Mscislau, Nowe  Siolo i.e. Novae Sjalo - 13 km SW of Mscislau, Hryckowo, Pisarzewszczyzna and Turowka -  14  km  SW of   Novae Sjalo  / Nowoje Sselo  /  Nowe Siolo /  Nowosiolki)  

Holynski

relations: Chelchowski at the beginning of the  17th  cent., Suryn before 1663, Kolski from Chlyszczewo by 1670;  Ostankiewicz, Hurko, Konstantynowicz, Wojna,  Karpilowicz, Anna nee Sutocki + Norbert Holynski from Janovek,  Moskiewicz, Piszczal from Brakowiec, Kurzeniecki, counties Aleksandrowicz and Starosielski  from Holedz at the  beginning of the 18th cent.; Bojwid, Chodzkiewicz, Kaszyc,  Mister(ow), Kirkor, Zyrkiewicz, Zukowski  and Stachowski in  the 18th cent.; Kotly, Issakowicz, Nagorski (i.e. Nagurski; pilot Jan I.  Nagurskij did "the world first flight in Nesterov's flying boat on  September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger"; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel on November 16th, 1916), Swatkowski  (Swiatkowski) + Tekla nee Holynski at the end of the 18th cent.; Czudowski, Ciechanowiecki and Wieczor at the beginning  of the 19th cent. 

dukes Horski

places: Miksztyn or Miksztyno, Dudino, Liszki and Cerkowiszcze, and next here Ciechanowiecki, Hurko, Taran,  Suchodolski families 

Hurko

in Jurkowszczyzna - 1330 ha. - near to Soino, Russia now; the Hurko house related to Dabrowski family of the  Abdank coat of arms, branch from the Siauliai and Kaunas territories; relations: the Konstantynowiczs 

Jaroszewicz

Ludwik lived here in 1764 

Korsak

Jozef Korsak, officer in the Mscislau province in 1611 - lived in Hlybokae, too; the others after 1667; possessed Holubicze in the Polack = Polatsk province and an estate in the Merkine parish - the Trakai district; in the Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk  government related to the Lissowski house 

Korzeniewski 

or Korzeniowski with the Fox coat of arms or Kosciesza arms according to Piekosinski, derived from the Brest province;  the house distinguished in the Vitsyebsk  /  Vicebsk province, the Polack / Polatsk province and Livonia since the  beginning of the 18th cent.; the Korzeniewski house possessed village Usa (Usza or Staraja Usha) near by Kaluzyn, and  also they possessed in the Minsk government in the end of the 19th cent.: Piorunov(y) Most together with Nieciejewski  family, Krasny Brzeg and Hajdukowa Sloboda (Galdukova Sslobodka); Korzeniewski Jerzy + Konstancja nee Jablonski  from  the Mscislau province were owners of the Jurkowszczyzna farm in 1766 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth / Grand Principality  of  Lithuania i.e. a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania then, and Russia now   http://www.szlachta.org/tomecki.htm); they verified themselves in Hrodna in 1835; related to Ulanowski family 

Kurko

Jurkowszczyzna village, close by estates of the families Hurko, dukes Polubinski and Rajewski in the 19th cent.

Petryzycki

or Pietrazycki, Petrazycki, Petrazickis in the Orsa and Mahileu areas A.D. 1592, Mscislau 1648, farms in Suchanowo 1654, Koscielnik and Szamowszczyzna = Samauscyna 7 km NW of Mscislau; near to Krycau 1695, village Petrazyce or Pietryki by 1813 

Polonicki

related to the Konstantynowicz family; they derived from Eustafi Polonicki who stayed in Kaniow in 1663 

dukes Polubinski

Leo Polubinski in the first half of the 16th cent.; Wasil in Mstislawl A.D. 1535, Iwan was officer in Mscislau 1569, Konstantyn Polubinski in Mscislau 1627 - 1629, Karol was clerk in Mscislau in 1700; they possessed village Leszczynsk A.D. 1510, Slowuczany and next village Jurkowszczyzna since 1858 - 7 km NE of Soino i.e. Sojna at the map of 1859; the family was kinsman to the Fedorowicz house and Wolowicz i.e. Wollowicz - middle 16th century 

Rajewski 

or Rajewskij, Rajauskas with Nalecz and Radwan arms in Belarus as early as 1509, here in 1528 and after 1595, 1623,  owned Kislowicze and Fenowszczyzna in 1663, Perany in 1664, Stajow from the Ipacewicz family and Jurkowszczyzna  since 1858 - together with Polubinski; their neighbours: Komorowski from Mazyki, Ipacewicz, Strzyzewski, Zloczewski  c.  1664 

Sutocki 

i.e. Sutockas of the Dolega coat of arms with Malkowicz nickname, numerous estates in the Mscislau district in the 19th cent., next in the Trakai district, related to: Kijacki, Holynski, Krzywicki, Kozuchowski, Kondratowicz, Ostankiewicz, Zubr, Platowski - vide the work of Jan Ciechanowicz ed. in Rzeszow 2001, vol. 5 

counties  Wollowicz

or Volovitch since 1590 in this territory, next of kin with the Szemiot family in 1700, owned A.D. 1778: Staje,  Berezetnia, Horowatka, Ray - i.e. Bolschoj Raj in present Russia and near by border between Belarus and  Russia, Miteykow i.e. Miljejkova close by current border, Kozuchowicze - i.e. Koshuchowitschi in  Russia now, Polachowszczyzna, Jurginow and Pietrowicze i.e. Petrovici estate - 810 ha. and 10 km E of Soino - in  Zahustyn area, the Klimavicy district A.D. 1784, Russia now; related to Kamienski - inf. of 1623; others in Mscislau  in  1634, too.  

They came of Stanislaw Wissygina of 1413 with Bogorya arms according to Niesiecki of 1842, vol. 9, p. 414 - 421: and his son Jerzy Wyssyginowicz who accepted Wolowicz surname in 1454, and also his grandson Jerzy Wolowicz who fought in the battle near by Viedrussa in 1499, this last Jerzy had 3 sons (Niesiecki missed out a generation, I think): Bogdan, Grzegorz and third unknown; two sons came of this third unknown: Ostafiej - inf. of 1568 and Marcyan + wife nee Pac: they had 3 sons i.e. Dominik + wife nee Savicki, Jan Kazimierz + Katarzyna nee Narushevich - inf. of 1676 and Wincenty who died in 1698; above Dominik had 3 sons: Marcyan 2nd + Antonina nee Zahorovski in the Mscislau area in 1704, Krzysztof  and Wincenty from the Mscislau  province; Wincenty had daughter who had gotten married to Pac, and also six sons: Marcyan 3rd, Dominik 2nd, Aleksander, Krzysztof, Jerzy and  Stanislaw  who died in 1737 and had gotten married to Eleonora Racs; this last Stanislaw had two sons living in the Mscislau province in the middle  of the 18th cent.  

and others families. More inf. about the Mscislau province, see: 

Deka Company
At margin: Russian army in the east Lithuania since 1657 till 1661 in Mstislawl; army of Saxony in Lithuania at first in 1708/1709, and next 1713 - 1717; the Russian army stationed in the east Lithuania: 1733-1736, 1743-1748, 1757-1763, 1764, 1767 - 1772. 

Ancestors of ours 

- Piotr Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1610 in the Minsk province; he lived in the Mscislau  province A.D. 1669 

- Augustin / Augustyn Rokoz Konstantynowicz (Augustyn was a clerk of the Lithuanian military  confederation since 1661 by 1667 and after a special envoy of Michal Pac to Moscow to ask tsar Aleksei / Aleksey to put up his son Feodor /  Fiodor III as a candidate to Polish election; the municipal and territorial writer in the Mscislau province, born c. 1635, had died 1713 or before  1713) 

- Adam Konstantynowicz of 1697 

- Krzysztof  Konstantynowicz in 1697 

- Adam Franciszek Konstantynowicz A.D. 1707  

- Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big  Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a  farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings and Hurko family also (from  Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki  or  Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district)  were in trouble  for this reason with Holynski  (Kazimierz  son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by  border between Belarus and  Russia, from  Soino and Uszpol) family after 1714.  
   The above Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand duchy of Lithuania 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia: the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.); one our leg lived in the territory of  present Belarus, but the second one stood  at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992. A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by  Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.

- Antoni Konstantynowicz signed the Second Manifesto of Lithuanian Nobility in 1763 

- Dominik Konstantynowicz was born in the Mahileu (either Mogiliow or Mogiljow by Dnepr, Mogilev =  Mahilyow by Dnieper, Moghilev) Government in Russia near by Krycau / Krychaw c. 1805.  

   A certain Konstantynowicz was gotten married with Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki from Kublicze (= Kublicy) in accordance  with Boniecki; she was great-granddaughter of  

Stanislaw Duke Radziwill at Nieswiez / Nyasvizh  (b.1722) + Karolina nèe Pociej (b. 1732)  

and daughter of Jozef Piottuch - Kublicki of the Ostoja coat of arms (Oktawia born c. 1810, and Kublicy = Kublicze is situated in Uszacz region  = Ushachi, Usacy - that is west of Uszacz, the Witebsk / Vitsyebsk /  Vicebsk province, in district of Lepel / Lyepyel).  Mentioned Konstantynowicz that was  Dominik born c. 1805, exceptionally well-off man, the second husband of Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki because Jozef  Szumski was the first one. It was plenty of conversations among families of Zarakowski and Konstantynowicz even in the  middle of the twentieth century about wealth of Dominik. 

   These spouses were related with: dukes Radziwill (one of richest person of Poland and Lithuania in eighteenth century, Stanislaw duke Radziwill was an immediate descendant of Aleksander Ludwik duke Radziwill - born  1594 - with "Trumpets" coat of arms and his wife Tekla nèe Wollowicz; also the descendant of  Mikolaj Krzysztof duke Radziwill  called  the "Black" born 1515 in Nieswiez  -  most influential man in Grand Principality of Lithuania in 16th cent. and an uncle of Barbara Radziwill),  dukes Oginski, Szumski, Piottuch  (- Kublicki), Smokowski, Soltan, Pociej  and Benislawski. 

   Note about the Piottuch - Kublicki family: 

   Ferdynand Piottuch - Kublicki, who was an activist of 1863 in the East Belarus, was friend of Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski from the  Vicebsk region and also Walerjan Weryho / Valerian Veryho (he was owner of the Stajki estate - South of Vicebsk, close to the Dymanowo station, where Russian police on 22nd April 1863 attempted to arrest him). Above Ferdynand  Piottuch - Kublicki was neighbour of Wasilewski and relation of Staniewicz; he and  duke Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski / Weryho stayed in Vicebsk in 1862 and in Stajki 1863. Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski was familiar to: Moniuszko, Odyniec, Syrokomla and with Aleksander Chodecki in Mohylew (Mahileu or Mogiliow) in 1859. 

    Note about the Benislawski family: 

     The Benislawskis from Polack / Polatsk / Polock, Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk / Witebsk, Lucyn / Ludza and Rzeczyce / Rzeczyca / Rezekne districts (here also in the thirties of the  20th  cent.). The bishop of Mogilev (Mohylew, Mahileu or Mogiliow), Jan Benislawski  who was in Rome 1783, consecrated new  R.C. church in Aglona, in SE  Latgale, 25 km SE of Preili and 40 km NE of  Daugavpils, in 1800.  The Kastyr estate  i.e. Kastire  was situated in this parish: 42,5 km NE of  Daugavpils (Dunaburg,  Dyneburg), and belonged to the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef  Brzezinski and next Zaba  family. 

All descendants with the Fox proper coat of arms (and probably with the Bowel(s), Three Crosses and Radwan armorial bearings, too) and with  our Konstantynowicz surname in the 17th cent. came from Michno Konstantynowicz 

region of Brest

1664 Jedrzej i.e. Andrew Konstantynowicz was the mayor of Brest and Roman  Konstantynowicz was a priest of the Greek Church in Jelna A.D. 1667 - as far as I know Jelnia i.e.  Jelna was situated about 12 km away from Scucyn 

and Mscislau

above 

in the SLONIM district

Hermogen Konstantynowicz wrote down in tribunal documents together with his neighbour Mizgier (Mizgier family lived also in Perepeczyn and Kolyszki in the Lida region A.D. 1608) in 1603, and also Michal Konstantynowicz - he signed the Olkienicka Alliance in 1698 and had Radwan coat of arms with Plavski by-name; the Arcimowicz family had also the Plavski nickname in a Braslau area, inf. of 1698 and 1763

the others of the Konstantynowicz family lived in the central  MINSK province continuously

the Babianowszczyzna village i.e. Buchta, Little Loszyca (Loszyce) in the Koroliszczewice parish - region of Siennica (the estate of Siennica was pawned and at a later date also sold by Stefan Dostojewski to duke Piotr Gorski son of Hryhory at the end of 16th cent.), Koroleszczenicze (i.e. Koroliszczewice or Karoliszczewicze at the map of 1859) and others; Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz as early as 1643 and Jan Konstantynowicz in 1698; following Jan Konstantynowicz was born in the Minsk province at the beginning of the 18th cent. and possessed here the village Buchta = Baguta at present 

and PINSK

a certain Konstantynowicz called Rokoz i.e. Pokoz in 1674 

in the province of VILNA

Jozef Konstantynowicz Master of Arts, published "Decisio controversiae juris canonici (...)"  in 1647 and Stefan who was a member of the municipal board of Vilna in 1665 and  information about him in 1669 and February the 06th, 1672 - in accordance with "The  Records of the Lithuanian High Court" vol. XI, p. 319 about Iwan Pott; also Symon (=  Szymon) Konstantynowicz was a deputy to the Warsaw general confederation in 1668; lady  Maryna Konstantynowicz lived in the Vilna district in 1673; Franciszek Konstantynowicz  lived in the Vilna town in 1686 and he witnessed a riot 

in PORAZAVA and Vaukavysk district

   the Konstantynowicz family with our coat of arms lived also at the Vaukavysk district in the 17th cent. in accordance with "The Town Court Records"; Porazava i.e. Porozov landed property = Porosow near Vaukavysk in 1669 

in the Paszkowszczyzna - Kuranec region

  Jan Konstantynowicz in the Asmjany ex-district 1690,  7 km north - east of Vilejka in the  17th century. 

In the Hrodna district

  Adam Konstantynowicz landowner near to Grodno with his neighbour Eysymont in 1646  and Bazyli Konstantynowicz who was a royal general in the Hrodna district 1664 - 1688. A  certain Teodor Drozdowicz of Jastrzebiec arms was the royal general in this district also in 1682.  

   The Ejsmont family  (= counties Eysymont or Eysimont)  owned a Cydzik farmland and they were  a neighbourhood of Konstantynowicz  house. The Eysmont house was related to Bylinski or Bilinskis family of Lodzia arms from Kleptowszczyzna and Koraziewo village in 1623. The Jurowski family or Jurauskas of Friend arms in an estate of Jurewicze also was a neighbourhood of them, and   Tolloczko house who had relationship with Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz or Dvozeckas - Bagdanavicius.  Kalenkiewicz family of   Kotwicz arms from the Jurewicze estate was related to the  Konstantynowicz noble house.  Andrzej, Marek and Konstantin /  Konstanty Konstantynowicz stayed at the Zydomlija region in space of 1630 / 1690.  

   Tolloczko i.e. Toloczko or Talackas with the Pobog diverse coat of arms according to Gajl, p. 234 and the Godziemba arms derived from Podlasie area, and for the  first time information of 1391, verified in 1800, possessed Nieprakszty in the Trakai district and Dobury in the Vilkmerge district; Toloczko noble family with Pobog arms in the Hrodna district, and for the first time information of 1619, 1632, 1648, 1672, 1674 and 1764; the Pobog diverse arms: shield - an arrow diagonally going out of horseshoe, with three feathers and crown above the shield.  

   Kalenkiewicz lived in villages: Tereszki - Zygmuntowszczyzna, Zukiewicze, Niescierowskie, Filipowskie, Jurewicze, Kotra - Kalenkiewicze, Huszczyce and  Piotrowszczyzna, too.  

In the Trakai (Troki) district

   Krzysztof Konstantynowicz was a clerk of the district in 1669. 

 On active service during the war against Russia 1654 - 1667 

- a certain Konstantynowicz with the Fox arms commanded a Cossack troops that occupied quarters in Krasiejewie and Iwaniki (the Pinsk district   probably) villages; these places rifled on their stay on 15 January 1665; the above Konstantynowicz commanded the Tartar troops in 1666 and  mister Fastowicz and Gasiewski (Gosiewski ) prosecuted the a.n. in the Mscislau court (the Mscislau province according to Jan Ciechanowicz) 

- Augustyn Konstantynowicz (died 1713) was a clerk of the Lithuanian military confederation in the Mscislau province since 1661 by  1667 according to Jan Vladyslav Poczobutt - Odlanicki (the diarist was born in Pomornoki A.D. 1640, d. 1703, memorials 1640 - 1684, supporter of the Pac family and  Vincenty Gosievski since 1659). 

The Konstantynowicz ancestry lived in the 18th cent. 

1.

in the  Minsk  province 

   Koroleszczenicze (= the parish of Koreliszczewicze / Koroleszczenicze) near to Minsk and the holding Little Loszyca  next to Koroleszczenicze; we were in the Buchta estate (i.e. Bahuta at the map of 1859, Baguta or  Babianowszczyzna in the parish of Luzki that is Lushki west of Smolewicze or Smaljavicy / Smolevichi), here Jan  Konstantynowicz and his sons: Maciej, Pawel, Samuel, Bazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin in the first half of the 18th century. 

   According to http://www.dresselgenealogy.us/XIX.htm (the Dressel / Dreszel Genealogy): in 1774 Jan  Konstantynowicz was residing in Stashynki / Starzynki / Stashynek, and he witnessed to an attempt on Jerzy Dreszel = Dressel; he was giving the names of the people involved in it: Alexander and Konstancya HORAIN WOYSKI / Harain Wojski (they have told that the duce Woronecki tries to include  Stashynek / Starzynek in the County of Koydanov / Kojdanow, SW of Minsk, and that he means to take over the estate by force from Horain Woyski).  Jan  Konstantynowicz was one of the willing to help for Dressel. His neighbours: Tadeusz Rutski / Rucki, Antoni Borowski, Jan Oskirka  Zienkiewicz, Jan Daszkiewicz and Mikolaj Downar.  

2.

near to Braslau

(or Braslaw) SE of Dyneburg; they were close to the family of Beynar - Bejnarowicz, with Novina - Zlotogolenczyk coat of arms  

3.

next Mscislau

above  

4.

near by Brzesc

 or Brest = Brest - Litovsk 

5.

at Volhynia

1729 with the "palatinus Kijoviensis" title to Bazyli Konstantynowicz but Volhynia is  outside of the Grand duchy of Lithuania; "(...) two Konstantynowicz families have been (...)  verified in (...) Podolyia (05. 12. 1841) and in Volhynia (04. 12. 1844)" according to Andrzej Bajor -  this quotation  without the Author's written permission  

6.

in the Grodno (= Hrodna) province

an information was about Jozef Konstantynowicz on 19 April 1764 and the same Jozef in 1765; besides in 1765: Antoni, Jan, Dominik, Benedykt and Leon Konstantynowicz  served their country; the Konstantynowicz families, owners of Tolloczki village in part, survived in the Hrodna area in the 18th cent. according to S. Koscialovski and they lived in parishes of Pojeziersk and Lawkowo = Lavkovo ("Antoni Tyzenhaus", volume 1, p. 646)

7.

in the Vilna (Wilno) area

Jan Konstantynowicz and Michal in 1779 (they lived in the Hrodna district, too). 1788 - Szymon Konstantynowicz deputy "a communitate" of Wilno city to the 4-years Polish Parliament. It hasn't signatures of persons with the Konstantynowicz surname from the Grand duchy of Lithuania (without   the Polish Ukraine: Podolia and Volhynia) in a documents of the Sluck Protestant Confederation of 1767 

8.

near to Perejaslav

somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of  Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

and somebody pro tempore in Greater Poland afterwards in  the 18th century, too. 

The Konstantynowicz family from eastern Belarus is my ancestry

1772 

this territory (Mscislau,  Samava, near to Krycau) was  already in Russia, as the  Government of Mahileu (or Mogilev by  Dnieper, Mogiljow by Dnepr) after the 1st Partition of Poland, I am afraid.  Seventy years later on  they  partly have moved out to the  easternmost parts of the  Minsk government, to the  Berezina parish circa  

1842 

id est in the villages  BOROVINA and  MIEZONKA (the village is  situated 28 kilometres south - east  of Berazino = Beresino, Berezyna,  Berezina, Byerazino or Berezino).  

 Left - the German map  of 1943, NE of  Miezonka. 

The place  was the Radziwill estate to 1832 / 1842. More  information about families and villages in the Berezina parish (i.e. Berezino) and the Ihumen  district, see:    Berezyna http://www.catholic.by/port/en/dioceses/minsk-mohilev/ 

The above Meshonka: here lived Antoni Konstantynowicz - was born c. 1833 - and his son Stanislaw; the same Stanislaw  Konstantynowicz from Miezonka (i.e. Miezonki) and Anna nee Malkiewicz are foster parents of my grandfather; my  great grandmother Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place  Asveja / Oswieja) in the Government of Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk; her ancestry was near related to the families: 

Czyzewski (from the Dzisna district), 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Belarus. Miezonka noble locality east of the Berezyna river.

von Krey / The House of Croy / Count von Croy in 1697 entered the Russian service (i.e. the Baltic German noble Krej family from Tallinn and Livonia - http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id70.html from Polish Livonia), 

Ostrowski (derived from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki of 1697; Kaki farm situated 16,5 km NW of Ludza / Ludsen in Polish Livonia), 

In detail on the noble Brzezinski / B ezinskis family: 

1. the Brzezinski house of the Doliva coat of arms verified in Vilna on 08 November 1837; the noble Brzezinski family of Doliva arms verified  themselves in Kovno 1837, according to Uruski, vol. 2 (Franciszek son of Jan) and in Vilna 1858 (Kacper son of Kazimierz with sons of mentioned Kacper: Onufry, Jan,  Ludwik, Jozef, and also Michal son of Kazimierz); 

2. in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge that is Wilkomir) district, the Kaunas government also: Lokiany Upper and Lower in the Pagirys area = Pogiry or Pogieloze in  the Siesikai parish - 14 km W - N - W of Vilkmerge; the noble Brzezinski family of Trumpet arms in Lithuania as early as at the beginning of the 17th  cent. and derived from Jan Brzezinski and his son Franciszek and grandson Ignacy Brzezinski - verification in Kovno 1850. Jan Brzezinski / B ezinskis was possessor of Zodziowo near by Ludsen (i.e. Ludza in Livonia) and Pudermoyze (i.e. Puderi or Pudereva according to Latvian atlas of 1931 ed. in Riga; 19 km E - N - E of Vilani and 12,5 km north - west  of  Rositten i.e. Rezekne, Latvia now), and he owned also Dyrwaniszki in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge) district. Part of the Brzezinski family emigrated from Livonia to the Austria - Hungarys Galicia after 1863  

3. Nacza Biedrzyca - Swaraszczyzna farm in the Lepel districtt, government of Vicebsk  

4. Kastyr estate i.e. Kastire, in the Dunaburg district, the Vicebsk government; it is located on the Jasa river, a tributary of the Dubna about 12,5 km  south - east of Preili and 42,5 km NE of Daugavpils (Dunaburg, Dyneburg); 750 ha,  the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef Brzezinski lived here and next  Zaba family; Jozef Brzezinski owned also Pazemys estate (Pozejmie, Poshejmy) in the Dusetos parish, area of Antaliepte, district of Novoaleksandrovsk  (Zarasai  = Jeziorosy) - Poshejmy is located 15,5 km SW of Zarasai; the noble Brzezinski family possessed also a big Wenusow (Venusovo) estate in the  Novoaleksandrovsk district, the Kovno (Kaunas) government; Poshejmy and Venusovo are situated 39 and 38 km south - west of Daugavpils in present  Lithuania; Brzezinski family of the Swan coat of arms with Dunin nickname derived from Hieronim Brzezinski and stayed in Livonia since 1680 

5. Ssenkovo i.e. Sienkowo, Senkowo farm in the Mogilew district, 315 ha since 1882, it is located on the Lachwa river about 13 km W - N - W of  Mahileu (Mogilew) 

6. Zapole farm and Maniakowo in the Vilejka district, government of Vilna, about 11 km of Krajsk 

7. Podlasie territory before 1648 and the Nur area before 1704, they verified themselves in Hrodna 1852 - 1863 (the Lubicz coat of arms). 

Juszkiewicz (or Jushkievich) 

and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or Pilipaitis with Pobog and Prawdzic coats of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and Joachim; the family  related to Kisiel or Kiselius of the Kisiel coat of arms i.e. "the Camp Tent" in the Wilno / Vilna province and to Chodasiewicz family in the Dzisna district); family of my grandfather had next of kin  Georgians. 

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Those near and dear in the Berazino parish in the middle of the 19th cent.:

Piotrovicz from Luboszany, Karp, Zywica (Shywica), Korbut from Hrynica (Grenica), Tatur (near of kin Zbieranovski), Dzierzynski i.e. Dzerzhinskii (Dzerzhinskii - according to  "Imperial and Soviet Russia (...)", Melbourne 1986 by David Christian; named Dziershynski in the Ihumen district  related to Tumilovich = Tumilowicz family; the Dzierzynski or Derzinskis house of Sulima arms was verified in  Minsk 1819; a poorer members were administrators in the Wankowicz house; others were related to Bulhak family  and held Pietrylowicze farm in the Asmjany district in 1838, also Podgaj farm in Barysau district at the end of the  19th cent.; Edmund Dzierzynski = Dzerzhinskii of Sulima arms who was father of Feliks, verified hereditary  nobleness in Vilna on 14 June 1862), Nieciejevski (their coat of arms verified in the Minsk goverment in 1836), Milkiewicz (alone  acquaintances and that's only accidental similarity with surname of Malkiewicz), Stankiewicz (or Stankivich, among other things Antoni,  Walerian and Jan - the sons of Stepan).  

The counties Czapski family from Stankov and Przyluki leased Miezonka (only nearby villages Cereszyn i.e. Tereschin  and    Jagaszkin = Jagodka were at the map of 1859)  from 

Stefania Radziwill - Wittgenstein  (b. 1809 - died 1832) 

in the first half of the 19th century to c. 1840 - information of 1995 from Mr Piotr Zbieranowski.

the picture from  

http://www.berezino.com/index.html

author Siergiej Byczkovski; see also: 

http://polonia.pap.net.pl/2005/10/20051007135902.html

Curiosity: Izrael Gelfond or Aleksander Izrael Lazariewicz Helphand, Alexander Israel Helphant i.e. Alexander Parvus was born in Berezino, the Minsk government in 1867, he was revolutionary, friend of Lejb Bronstein (i.e. Lew Trocki) and acted together in Sankt Peterburg = Petersburg A.D. 1905; Parvus served for the intelligence service of imperial German Army as some write and "produced" money to Lenin.  

A photo of Miezonka at present.

We were also in the ethnic Lithuania 

we possessed in part a landed property Pileszyszki 

in the Kaunas district / the Kovno region in the 18th cent. (1766  bequeathed by lady Junowicz), here lived Maciej  Konstantynowicz; the same Maciej had brothers: Pavel / Pawel,  Samuel,  Bazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin  Konstantynowicz. The brothers inherited from their parents (father Jan Konstantynowicz was born at the  beginning  of the 18th cent.) the Babianowszczyzna = Buchta estate in the Minsk province (government then) A.D. 1798;  that family verified the nobleness in Vilna A.D. 1842  

we lived in a district of RASEINIAI 

Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territory: the Poszeszow estate in the middle of the  16th century. Also  in the parish of Sartyniki (or Sartininkai) in the place Komcie where stayed Jan and his son  Waclaw Konstantynowicz with Bowel (or Bowels) coat of arms, called Svarplovich i.e. nickname Szwarplowicz c.   1650 and others A.D. 1799.  In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized the arms of them. To this lineage  were  related the  Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766)  district; they  derived from famous Michno Konstantynowicz. Only one of the Kaunas branch was verified in  Vilna  A.D. 1910  and information about four lines of this branch were lacking   

Marijampole 

i.e. Mariampole in the Augustov government in the forties of the 19th century; two of them were the members of the Democratic Polish Society 

in Kaunas

Piotr Konstantynowicz 

also in the Trakai area 

a certain Konstantynowicz signed a manifesto of the Polish nobility on 26 July 1812 -  according to Czeslaw Malewski - because of Napoleon conquered Kaunas on 24/25 June and  Vilna on 28 June 

the locality Chwiedziejowszczyzna 

or Chwedziejowszczyzna in the Trakai district, the ex-parish Vysoki Dvor i.e. Aukstadvaris and at a later date other parish (Uzuguostis probably) in the 19th cent.; near to Vladipolis, Alesiskes, Beizionys, Mergiskes and Mackantiskes - 7 km east of Aukstadvaris; neighbouring families: Mackiewicz (they owned - in the Kaunas district or more truly in the Trakai district - a Klidzie farm by 1817 - from Tolloczko noble family and also from Jan Szteyn who came from the Butrimonys parish, and Mackiewicz family possessed also Zailgi i.e. Stecki in the Trakai district c. 1690 and here families at a later date: Krzywicki, Romansewicz, Poplawski A.D. 1757), Klidzianka and Jeleniewski

in Butrimonys 

a certain Lucius Konstantynowicz was a teacher at high school in  Butrimonys (more probable that is Butrimonys 18 km SW of Aukstadvaris in the independent Lithuania  since 1918 and unlikely Butrymance i.e. Butrimonys 14 km NE of Eisiskes in the Butrimonys parish near by  Jargance, Jundeiliszki, Kuze, Strzelce) in the thirties and forties of the 20th cent. 

we possessed the Ustron estate

in the Kaunas district (= region of Kovno) in the 19th cent. and at the  beginning of the 20th century.

The Konstantynowicz  family moved house also in the 19th century period 

Balachowicz, Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch in Russia. Tallinn, Pskov, Toropiec 1917 - 1920.

- to St Petersburg / Sankt  Peterburg in the middle of the 19th century (Michal or Michail son of Fiodor 2nd  Konstantynowicz); a good many the Konstantynowiczs acted and lived in St Petersburg in past days, among other things state activists and also a senior  military commandant   - to Minsk in the eighties of the 19th century (old Bonifacy 2nd  Konstantynowicz with his sons:  Semen,  Jakov and Vincenty)

- a documentation of the noble  Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown  in Minsk on  15  December  1802  and  A.D. 1853  in the Minsk  government 

- the Konstantynowicz family with  the Fox coat of arms in the noble  locality Nosewicze or Nosowicze  near to LIDA in the 19th century; the  village Nosewicze is situated 6 kilometres S-E-S  from Radun or Radunsk, in the parish of Radun, the  Vilna government, former district of LIDA;  
near to  villages Kieniensze, Rackuny, Mozajki,  Paszkowicze and Koszary;  
those neighbours: families  Hryhorowicz or  Hrehorowicz,  Laskowski, Laskowicz or Leskowicz, Nossewicz or  Nosewicz, Rouba, Stecewicz, Stecki, Wincza,  Zapasnik and Zemojtel or Zomojtel 
- we were near to HRODNA in the  thirties of the 19th century (area of  Skidal / Skidel, the places Jurevicze (the  Konstantynowicz  noble family lived here till 1952, the village Jurewicze  = Jurevitshi is situated 1,2 km NW of Zuki = Shuki and 6 km E of  Obuchowicze), Zytomlja = Jitomlia at the map of 1834 and Zydomlija now, Tolloczki / Toloczki: Jozef Konstantynowicz born c. 1842 and Adam born c. 1840/45;  Ejsmonty: (i.e. Ejsymonty 4 km SW of Orechwicze =   Orechowicze and 3 km NW of Toloczki; neighbourhood:  families  Lobaczewski,  Lukaszewic of Fox arms,  Obuchowicz and Eysymont i.e. the family  Ejsmont, Eysmont, Ejsmunt, Eisimuntas, Eisimontas, Eysmat or  Eysimont - for the first time  information in 1539 and 1585 - area of  Skidel, and in the Hrodna area 1632: a Ejsymonty  Paszewicze farm; they were persecuted here in 1863;  related to Czaykowski  (Dorota nee   Eysmont) house from  the  Trakai district in 1700, and also to Czarnecki family  (Katarzyna nee Eysmont) from the Lida district in 1728 and to  the  Lobaczewski family in  places Great Eysmonty and  Siemionowka, to  families  Hlebowicz, Poljanowski,  Konstantynowicz and Balewski from  Bulewszczyzna; a  certain Eysmont or Eysimont was related to Antoni  Jelski son of Bazyli J. Jelski from Little  Eysmonty Paszewicze in 1720;  the noble Eysmont family  lived in the Kovno district - village Mimale  Panienie)  here lived Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1850  near to Toloczki;  Orechowicze: Walenty  Konstantynowicz  was born here A.D.  1870 and his brother  Stefan)  - to Hrodna in the  early  eighties of the 19th  century (Adam 2nd  Konstantynowicz); and  e.g. here  in 1912  according  to "Voters List Grodno Gubernia 1912"  Konstantynowicz  Wladyslaw  son of Osip  - near to  Kazlouscyna  (the  village  Butlerowszczyzna /  Butlerovshchisna; Napoleon  Konstantynowicz lived here,  born c. 1825, colonel of the January Insurrection 1863) after the November  Insurrection, then in the thirties of the 19th century 
- also near to Svencionys / Svencionus: the places Paragiszki / Paringis, Podciejkinie, Saule / Savuliai in the Zablociszki region = "volost", that is the Zacisze estate (by the small Ejsiata river near to Ceikiniai in the Daugeliskis parish; neighbours - Seyfert family of Hebryda arms in villages Zablociszki and Anastazow) by circa 1865 and at a later date property of  Swiatecki family - information of 1886  - and to the Dryssa ujezd (i.e. in the district of  Verchnjadzvinsk or   Werchnedwinsk): villages Old  Svolna and Svolna /  Swolna (about here  count  Jozef  Zarako Zarakowski) in the  Vicebsk government

- the Konstantynowicz family also  moved out to the "Polish Livland"  (LATVIA today) in the parish of Malnov  (the place Malnovskoi or Malnava in the district of Ludza = Ludsen and Kowalki farm or Kowali, about half square mile; 39,5 km north - east of Vilani and 35 km NW of Karsau i.e. Karsava) in the government of Vicebsk; many Roman Catholics persons laid off from bureaus in the Vicebsk government  after 1863: 

Jan Konstantynowicz held a post of accountant, 

Kosma Konstantynowicz a hospital  clerk, 

Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 1st  writer 

- following Konstantynowicz  Konstantin, son of Alexandr /  Aleksander  Konstantynowicz, b. in  Riga A.D. 1869 and died in  Uzkoje estate   ("Narrowly") near by  Moscow = Moskva in 1924, he was  member of the Ufa government  office 1904 - 1917 in Baschkirische /  Bashkortostan region,  married  Wiera  Puszkin in  1894 - she was born  1871, daughter of  Anatol Puszkin  (1846 -  1905)  and grandchild of  Elzbieta  Zagrazski  (Russian noble house of  Zagrashskije, for  the first time  information in 1493 - 1503) and  Lev  Puszkin (b. 1805  - died in Odessa 1852,  who  was brother of famous  writer); the Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje  village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. More acc. to: Stefan T. Possony: Lenin. The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. by HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964.

- in the Estonia  province  (Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd was born 1874 in Kazan (not Riga) and died 1945 in Tallinn, the  cemetery of  Hiiu-Rahu Str. at Nomme area; was  connected with Finnland / Finlandia / Finland).

- Michail  Konstantynowicz   graduated from the  Polack  Orthodox  Seminary in 1832  

- the Zapole farm (in the POLACK /  Polatsk ujezd, either the Polotsk or Polozk district, about 31 km N-W-N of Polatsk =  Polack, near to  villages Hyrlino and  Ramosze at the map of  1859) in the  government of Vicebsk; their  neighbours: 

Kuzarewski, 

Newelski, 

Reutt (or Reut, Reutas of Gozdawa arms, known in 1655; in the Vicebsk province 1764, they were  verified here in  1857; next of kin Rusiecki family in the Dzisna area; related to Kossakowski of Slepowron coat of arms and to Kukiel  family of Leliwa arms from Horodcewicze and Horki in the Polack = Polatsk territory c. 1737; among other things  Joanna Reut married to Michal Gano with by-name Lipski c. 1715 in the Vicebsk province - e.g. one of the Gano  family, general Stanislaw Gano acted as a chief of the  intelligence service of Polish Army 1943 - 1945; Romuald Reut - administrator of Chalopenicy estate in the Barysau district in 1812; Anna Reut (= Reutt) was related to  Bortkiewicz family with Lubicz coat of arms, c. 1865) 

and Weryho either dukes Veryha, Veryha Darowski according to Kojalowicz, or Veriho - Darevski /  Dareuski i.e. Verigas of Sreniawa / Szrzeniawa coat of  arms in the Vicebsk A.D. 1420 and Polack provinces,  also in Tver government in Russia; e.g. Franciszek  Veriho - Darevski (i.e. Darewski Veryha who was an officer in  Polack A.D. 1754) married Rozalia Koszyc, and next his  daughter married Tadeusz  Koziell Poklewski son of  Michal Koziell Poklewski from  Holowczyn i.e.  Haloucyn = Holovsin 17 km NE of  Bjalynicy, here  the battle had taken place between  Russians and  Swedes  in July 04th, 1708; and Benedykt  Veryha in the  Polack  province A.D. 1764; persecuted in  the Polack  and  Vicebsk districts after 1863; one of them,  Ignacy  duke Veryho /  Weryho - who was born in   Jekaterynburg A.D.  1876, in exile of his parents:  Walerjan and Malwina  Veryha / Weryho, insurgents  of 1863 - was persecuted  in U.S.S.R. and died at  Solowezki Islands  in 1930;  the noble family  related  to Dauksza and  Darowski 

- they lived in BUDSLAU in the sixties of the 19th  century (Jakov  born c. 1810/1820  and his children Semen, Vikentij / Wincenty Konstantynowicz and  Malwina Mancewicz), the district of Vilejka, too; the  Mancewicz family  came among other things  from: Kiociszki,  area of  Eisiskes, the Lida  district and  Vilnius  1847/1858   - we were in the  Smolensk government as early as the beginning of  the 19th cent., thus Jewfimij Konstantynowicz  finished the Smolensk Orthodox Clerical Seminary in 1825 (together with  Czebotariev, Jeleniev, Cvietkov,  Spiridonov).  
   Also  Konstantynowicz Elena daughter of  Wasilij from the Smolensk region probably  18th cent., acc. to Shpilenko D. P. of 2006  

- Chernigov: Sophia (Zofia)  Konstantynowicz  daughter  of  Alexander  Konstantynowicz, married  to Maksimowski; Sophia was born in 1852 and died in Cernihiv = Chernigov, south of Homel in 1878; was buried near by the Cernihiv orthodox church. 

 - Vilna remained the third capital of Polish culture for all 19th century long, thus here learnt also the  Konstantynowiczs: 1. Iosafat  Konstantynowicz finished the  Lithuanian Orthodox Seminary in 1830 (complete with Govorski, Novicki, Ksavery Zdanovicz), 2. Josif Konstantynowicz here also in 1859 (together with Grinievicz, Kaliskij, Druzilowski, Dedevicz, Noskovicz, Stupnicki, Paszkievicz, Pavlovicz, Bursa, Jakutovicz and others), 3. Ignatij Konstantynowicz completed study here in 1863 (others: Bursa, Ivacevicz, Doroszevski, Timinski, Devaltovski, Szirinski), 4. Konstantin (3rd) Konstantynowicz here in 1890 (+ Malygin, Szirinski, Prigodinski, Mironovicz, Savicz,  Sosnovski, Rozanovicz), 5. Vladymir  Konstantynowicz educated himself in the  Vilna Clerical Secondary School in  1913  (together with: Aristarch, Malevicz, Aleksandr Muczinski,   Toszczakov, Michail Sollohub). I have derived the data on Orthodox schools from: http://www.petergen.com/spiskie.htm

- we were in Volhynia, the Russian Empire in the 19th century. I take note of them in a certain village near to Wlodzimierz Wolynski = Vladimir in the middle of the 19th cent. (Volodymyr Volyns'ky, Ukraine now), Horodlo next to above Vladimir after c. 1863 according to my correspondent of 2004, SOKAL (Austrian Empire formerly) and near to Wisniowiec in Volhynia (Russia in 1876 and what coat of arms ?) before the first World War. Adam Konstantynowicz was born in Vladimir c. 1800/1805, officer of the November Insurrection 1831 - that's a Volhynia Branch. The Ornatowski Volhynia armorial note: "(...) Konopnicki 1839-1873, Konsowicej 1862-67, Konstantinowicz 1838 - 55 (...)", see: 

http://www.ornatowski.com/index/herbarzwolynski.htm

The Konstantynowicz  family verified noble descent in the nineteenth century 

- a documentation of the noble Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown in Minsk on 15  December 1802 (Stanislaw Wankowicz was the government marshal in 1802); they derived from Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz of  the Minsk province; he had 3 sons: Stefan, Hrehory Dmitr and Jozef; they owned some farmlands in the province of  Minsk and carried out positions in the first half of the seventeenth century; above Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz  received a privilege on 07 March 1643 handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa; Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz  (who lived in the Minsk government in 1802, according to the Minsk State Archives) derived from a.m. Mikolay. 

The Fox crest mean strategy, guile, stratagem defensive and intelligence - argued in 1997 Mr. Pavel Dudzinski in "Heraldic Alphabet" (p. 118 and plate 314).

The Fox crest is in eleven varieties according to Juliusz count Ostrovski in "Armorial Book of Polish ancestries" of 1897 ed. in Warsaw: 1st - shield and above fox, in shield: arrow upwards with two beams; 2nd - shield and above fox, in shield: golden arrow with two beams; 3rd - shield and above fox, arrow with two and half beams; 4th - three feathers instead of fox above of shield, with arrow and one beam in shield; 5th - arrow with three transversal beams upon the shield, and also three feathers above the shield; 6th - arrow with two beams on the shield, and also a duke cap with cross at the top; 7th - on the shield: horseshoe and above arrow with two beams, above of shield: crown with swan at the top; 8th - only in Poland in the thirteenth century: arrow with one beam on the shield without objects above of arms, and the arrow upwards; 9th - only shield, arrow downwards with one beam; 10th variety - of the 15th cent., shield with above helmet, and arrow diagonally downwards with two beams; 11th - variety of the 15th cent.: only shield with arrow upwards, and also two beams.
According to Tadeusz Gajl, "Noble crests of the Both Nations Republic", p. 127 and 128: seven kinds of the Fox coat of arms here and the Fox diverse arms of Liskowski family; 1. Fox (Mzura) - one arrow with two transversal rafters; 2. one golden arrow with two beams; 3. lack of image; 4. arrow with one transversal rafter and above three feathers; 5. three rafters on the arrow and three feathers; 6. a cap with cross above of shield, arrow with two beams; 7. shield and above crown with swan, in the shield: arrow with two beams and horseshoe below the arrow. The author write about the   Konstantynowicz family of Intestines, Radwan and Fox arms only. 

According to Alfred Znamierowski, "Polish regalia, symbols and arms", ed. in Warsaw 2003: discussion on a sword - p. 9; about Fox crest - p. 26 and 39: mainly double crossed "rogacina" i.e. arrows; 

- we presented to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 an original of privilege edited by the king Sigismund  Augustus to Michno Konstantynowicz on 04 January 1554 who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area and set out  many of documents of the 18th cent.; persons derived from the Minsk government i.e. from Babianowszczyzna = Buchta  holding verified themselves (i.e. Baguta 15 km west of Smaljavicy, at the border of former Barysau distrtict on the Minsk district in the  19th cent.) at that time; they were in Pileszyszki in the Kovno region after 1766, too:  map of NE Poland

Jan Konstantynowicz and his  sons  Maciej, Pawel, Samuel,  Bazyli, Antoni,  Franciszek,  Marcin and  grandsons of  the  above Jan (i.e. two sons of Maciej):  Jan  II and Michal (childless);  sons from Jan  II: Adam  (childless) and Michal  (his  sons:  Walenty  Stanislaw, Konstanty,  Jan   Stanislaw, Jozef Andrzej and  Alfons  Onufry - they were born  by 1840)

- A.D. 1853 and 1915 when name Konstantynowicz with the initials S. B. was mentioned in the memorial book of the Minsk province - both inf. in the Minsk government (the Fox coat of arms)

- 1859 in the Vicebsk  government (the  Fox coat of arms)

- Antoni in Hrodna A.D. 1861 (Antoni son  of Dominik derived from area of Krycau, with the Fox  coat of arms)   

     The above map of 1740 from   www.clas.ufl.edu/.../history_shepherd_1911.html  i.e.  
"Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd" (shepherd-c-130-131.jpg)  
and it show to us where the Mscislau branch and relatives lived c. 1600 - 1917 in the Both Nations Republic -  formerly the Grand duchy of  Lithuania / Grand  Principality  of  Lithuania,  1795 dissolution of  the state but all the direct  descendants are from there: Belarus /Belorussia /White Russia /  Byelorussia  thereafter  -    and in Russia.   

- Aleksander Konstantynowicz who came from an Ukrainian military and landowning family, he lived in the government of  Poltava (now in Ukraine), also in Kiev (Olga I. Konstantynowicz who was born 1860 in Kiev - since 1880 in Paris and USA at the beginning of the 20th cent. - his  daughter) and verified the noble descent in Kishinev in 1893. He was general - lieutenant and war governor of the Turgai (Orenburg capital  then and Arkalyk now) region in the 19th century. Next the Bessarabia governor.

His father Piotr Konstantynowicz (relation of Wlodzimierz Wernadskij) was Brigadier-General, too - Piotr was son of H. (G. ?) Konstantynowicz.

His sister Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz was the second wife (1862) of Jan Wernadskij (that is Ivan Vernadski = Ivan Vasil'evich Vernadsky who was born in  Kiev  1821, son of Vasilii; Ivan worked in Home Office 1856 - 1867, died 1884 in Sankt Peterburg = St Petersburg; her son Vladymir was born in St. Petersburg on February 28 / March 12, 1863, lived in Kharkov, where  the   family had moved when he was five and acted as a Soviet specialist in mineralogy - taught himself Ukrainian and Polish; her granddaughter married Fokin) and she worked as a music teacher in  Petersburg just before 1862. 

Michal or Michail - son of Fiodor 2nd Konstantynowicz - was his next of kin; Michal was born in 1812, died 1867; doctor after completion  of the Kharkov University; served in the Russian army and at a later date assistant director of the medical - military department in 1862 in  Petersburg; he wrote a lot of researches and theses - with F. Augustynowicz, Trappe, Lebiediew, too 
At margin (more http://baza.vgdru.com/):

1. Ivan Vernadsky born 24 or 26 May / 5 or June 7, New Style, 1821 in Kiev - died 26 or 27 March / 7 or 8 April on the Gregorian calendar, 1884 in St. Petersburg, father of Vladimir Vernadsky, grandfather of George Vernadsky. The first wife died in ten years after the marriage, leaving him a son, Nicholas. The second time, Ivan marries her cousin - the daughter of Ukrainian landowner Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz, teacher of music and singing.

The genealogy of above named Anna Petrowna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Анна Петровна Константинович married Vernadsky / Vernadskij / Вернадская (Anna became the wife of Professor Ivan Vernadsky): b. November 11, 1837 in Kiev / Kyiv in Ukraine and died on November 7, 1898; her mother Victoria nee Martynov / Wiktoria / Виктория Мартыновна Константинович second voto Красницкая was born ca 1796 and died on December 6, 1862 in Kiev, she was daughter of Major Russian army Martynow, her second husband - Krasnicki. Anna's father: Петр Христофорович Константинович / Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Krzysztof Konstantynowicz, b. 1785 (date 1795 was error) and died on October 9, 1850 in Kiev, Baykove cemetery; Anna's brothers and sisters from Victoria nee Martynow:
Pawel,
Lew,
Elena,
Iwan - Jan Konstantynowicz,
Zofia - Sofija,
Wladymir,
Aleksandr,
Aleksandr second,
Elizawieta,
Piotr older,
Piotr younger.

Above Krzysztof Konstantynowicz / Christofor Konstantinovich / Hristophor Constantinovich was born 1741 (date ca 1750 / 1760 was mistaken) with the Fox coat of arms, probably came from the Mscislau / Mscislaw territory / ex-Mscislav province. Христофор Анастасійович Костянтинович died 1786.
His father Anastazy Konstantynowicz / Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович, son of Kostia Konstantynowicz that is Konstantyn Konstantynowicz. Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович born ca 1710 / 1720 and died before 1784.
Konstantyn Konstantynowicz (Kostia) born ca 1690.
The Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox coat of arms (1534) come from Michno Konstantynowicz of the Lida and the Mereczanka river (1552 and 1554) area on the border of Lithuania and Belarus. Konstantinovich hasn't the Cossack or the Greek origin. It was a legend only about Greek Konstantinovich Anastasius of 1784 who moved from Rumelia - Macedonia today, first to Nizhyn, and then to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky; served to the Pereyaslav regiment in 1756. A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501) about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)". A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too. The Konstantynowicz family near by Perejaslav has got the Fox coat of arms. Somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 in Pereyaslav. Anastazy Konstantynowicz (born ca 1710 / 1720 - d. before 1784) probably escaped from Poland to Russia before 1756 (ca 1740) and after he was a Commissioner Regiment (1759-60) among Cossacks. His son Christopher Anastasiyovych Konstantynowicz (1741-86) served to the first regiment of Pereyaslav and was centurion (1770-81), grandson Peter Hristoforovich (1785-1850) was Major General (1848), commander of Kyiv. artyler. Garrison (1836-48) and greatgrandson Alexander P. Jr. (1832-1903) was Lieutenant General (1889) and the Governor of the Turgay region (1878-83), Bessarabian governor (1883-99). This ancestry submitted to the 2nd and 3rd parts of the nobility book of Kiev province in Russia.
Source: 'The Armorial of Little Russia. ... Chernigov Governorate' ('Малоросійський гербовник. Чернігівський орел'), В. К. Лукомскїй, В. Л. Модзалевскїй (and Heorhiy Narbut), Санкт-Петербургъ: изданїε Черниговскаго дворѧнства, 1914. В. К. Лукомский, В. Л. Модзалевский, худ. Г. И. Нарбут, Малороссийский гербовник. Предисловие А. К. Рачинского.

Петр Христофорович Константинович / Peter Hristoforovich Konstantinovich b. 1785, was Major General of the Russian army 1848. Grandfather of historian George Vernadsky. Peter Hristoforovich was a soldier to 1849. General Konstantinovich had 13 children, five of them died infants. Some of the children were also military. The greatest success in this field has achieved son Alexander Konstantynowicz. Peter / Piotr Konstantynowicz participated in many military campaigns of the Russian army: in 1812 near Smolensk and the Battle of Borodino. From 1836 he was commander of the Kiev garrison artillery. 1838 taken a possession in the Pereyaslavl county of the Kiev province.

Vernadsky Ivan was a teacher of Russian literature in high school; in 1847, in St. Petersburg, Ivan V. defended a master's degree thesis; after at the University of St. Vladimir; in 1850 he was transferred to the same department in Moscow University and was here from 1851 until 1856 as full professor; in the village Giant Shishaki in Poltava government Vernadsky had got a mansion, where all the family was living in summer. 

2. Константинович / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinowicz / Konstantinovich Anna Petrovna was a daughter of Brigadier-General Piotr H. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович (b. ca 1785) and was the second wife of Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky. Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович born 1837 - died 1898.  H. Konstantinovich that is Христофорович, son of Christofor / Hristofor Konstantinovich that is Krzysztof Konstantynowicz (here was error: Henryk, Gawrila, Havrila) born 1741.

3. Her brother, Ivan Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Jan son of Piotr Konstantynowicz b. 1818 died 1877, a professional Navy officer, after a cadet school - 1834 he achieved Captain 1st Rank in 1868, in 1875 he served in the Caucasian Army, died in Tiflis. Owned estates in the province of Poltava, the Pereyaslavl County, Voitovtsy village.
4. His daughter, Alexandra Ivanovna Konstantynowicz born 1848 and died after 1912, was wife of L. N. Modzalevsky.
5. Another daughter Victoria Ivanovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович 1846 died 1899 or 1900; in 1867, she married M. P. Rehbinder, and after second husband O. E. Weimar. 

6. Sister of Ivan Petrovich, Elizabeth Konstantynowicz / Константинович married Mr Neyolov / Nieelov 1824 - 1889.
7. her daughter Lydia A. Neyolov, who died at a old age in Kiev during the German occupation in 1941 / 1942. 

8. Another sister Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович with her husband Kravchenko who was born 1831 and he was died no earlier than 1909, married to Kravchenko in 1859, lived in Piryatin. 

9. His brother Alexander Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Константинович Александр Петрович was General-lieutenant, General-Governor of Bessarabia in Kishiniev 30 July 1883 to 4 July 1899. The Rogge noble family was close friends with the family Konstantinovich and Ippolit Rogge / Hippolytus born March 2, 1853 in Kerch, colonel in 1909, was baptized March 7, 1853 in St. John Church of Kerch; godfather - Lieutenant Adjutant Ivan Konstantinovich / Jan Konstantynowicz son of Piotr Konstantynowicz from Kercz / Kerch. All - Orthodox. A General List of noble families of Bessarabia includes the name of the Konstantynowicz Alexander in 1893 from the Poltava province. 

10. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a grandson of Ivan Nikiforovich Vernadsky (b. ca 1770), which was recorded in the local book of the Chernigov governorship as a gentleman, graduated from the Kiev seminary, was a priest of the village Tserkovschina.
11. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a son of a doctor Vasil or Basil Ivanovich Vernadsky and his wife Ekaterina Yakovlevna; in 1856 - 1867 worked at the Ministry of Internal Affairs; professor of Main Pedagogical Institute 1857 - 1859, St. Petersburg Institute of Technology 1864 - 1868, professor of political economy at Kiev and Moscow universtities and moved to Kharkov, where he served as manager of the Kharkiv office of the State Bank until his resignation in 1876.
12. His first wife Maria Shigaevo 1831-1860.
13. His second wife, Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Константинович / Konstantynowicz 1837 - 1898.
14. Children: Nicholas 1851 (by first wife) - 1874; Olga - her grandson, Rynda Alekseev Dmitry Borisovich b. 1917 - 1941 ?, a student at the Leningrad Textile Institute, in July 1941, was missing; Catherine was married to Korolenko; Vladimir 1863 - 1945, his granddaughter was married to Fokin, Anatoly Mikhailovich 1892 - 1979. 

15. Modzalevsky Leo / Lev 1837 - 1896, the teacher, a graduate of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. He worked in the schools of St. Petersburg and Tiflis / Tbilisi, the author of many works on pedagogy. His wife Alexandra Ivanovna nee Konstantynowicz / Константинович was born 1848. 

16. Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. 

17. Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900. 

18. Kravchenko Ivan Ilyich 1829-1890, a assessor in 1867, lived and died in Piryatin in the Poltava area; his wife Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz, she was born 1831 and died no earlier than 1909; her son - probably not only one - Sergey. 

19. Alexander Konstantynowicz son of Piotr / Petr,  born 1832 died 1903, was a professional soldier, in service since 1846, an artilleryman; the Colonel in 1867, Major-General in 1877, Lieutenant-General in 1889; conquest of Khiva in 1873, in 1878 to 1883 he was the military governor of Orenburg, and Commander of Turgay region; since 1883 to 1899 - Governor of Bessarabia, since 1889 member of the Minister of the Interior; awards Anne 1st Class, Vladimir 2nd degree, the White Eagle; his wife since 1856 Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna 1840 d. 1896. 

20. some of his children: Olga b. 1858 or 1860 and died ?, daughter of Alexander P. Konstantynowicz, in 1878 she married Andrei Ivanovich Schmidt, who served in the Orenburg district court; she emigrated to Paris and USA. Michal Konstantynowicz / Michael b. 1860 and died in 1902, he was a district marshal of the nobility in Kovno Province in 1899, his children: 
Xenia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1889, Natalia nee Konstantynowicz born 1894, 

Catherine / Katarzyna daughter of Alexander b. 1863 died in 1942, in 1885 she married P. A. Galenkovski, and after her divorce in 1905 she married L. N. Chernoyarov; her daughter from her first marriage, Elizabeth married Suprunov; 

Sofia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1864 died 1942, in 1886 she married E. A. Mamchich, before the Revolution she was living in Chisinau - the Kremenchug area; 

Natalia nee Konstantynowicz 1867 d. 1938?, in 1889, she married Jerzy Bulacel / Gregory Pavlovich Bulatsel; 

Constantine / Konstantyn Konstantynowicz born 1869 and died no earlier than 1917, son of Aleksander P. Konstantynowicz, in the 90s of the 19th cent. he served in the office in the Bessarabian Province, the Akkerman district, in 1904 member of the Ufa provincial office on Peasant Affairs, he had property - land in the Sterlitamak county of the Ufa province (all inf. about Konstantyn Konstantynowicz need to be check). 

21. Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna b. 1840 d. 1896, was daughter of a captain; her husband since 1856 was Alexander P. Konstantynowicz 1832-1903. 

22. Mamchich Eugene A. / Eugeniusz Mamczicz 1849 died 1917?, state councilor in 1908, not later than 1905, was elected to a honorary magistrate in Kremenchug county in the Poltava province. 

23. Bulacel / Bulatsel Jerzy / Grigory P., died in 1908, in 1899 the Chairman of the Vilnius Regional Court; his wife Natalia Konstantynowicz 1867 - 1938? 

24. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky born February 28 / March 12, 1863 in St. Petersburg and died January 6, 1945 in Moscow, from the nobility, he was Russian scientist and encyclopedist, humanist, an expert in the field of Earth Sciences, philosopher and social activist, the member of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, first president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
Once in October 1905, the Board of the University of Moscow, headed by Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Vernadsky's mother was from the Konstantynowiczs of the Fox coat of arms) admitted women to listening of lectures, and Inessa Armand has made payment and went to law school. In June 1907, Comrade Inessa confirmed the intention to be student, but instead of studying at university she had to go for exile with Vladimir Armand. In late October 1908 she managed to escape.
We back to Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky: his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz (1837 - 1898), father - Ivan Vernadsky (1821 - 1884), professor of political economy.
Letters by V. Vernadsky published in 2003 by Russian. In 1928 Vernadsky was at the University in Prague, 1928 on trip to Germany and Norway, research work in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia, 1933 / 1934 Vernadsky was on a business trip to France, England and Czechoslovakia.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky in 1886 married Natalya Staritskaya (1862 - 1943), with whom he lived for more than 56 years; had two children - son Jerzy / George V. Vernadsky (1887 - 1973), professor of Russian history (lived in Perm; after in exile in Czechoslovakia and USA, since 1927 prof. Yale Univ.), the daughter Nina Vernadskaya - Toll (1898 - 1985 or 1986), a psychiatrist, both died in exile in the United States.
Nina Vernadskaya Toll / Nina V. Toll-Vernadskaya was second wife of Toll Nikolai Petrovich / Nicholas P., an orientalist archaeologist and art historian. His first marriage to Olga Petrovna Toll nee Syromyatnikov, both Orthodox on 17 August 1917 in a garrison of Samarkand, and cancel on November 9, 1925. Toll Nikolai Petrovich (1894 - 1975), member of a volunteer army of the 1st Kuban Ice campaign, in the armed forces in the south of Russia before evacuation of the Crimea. In exile in Gallipoli, after in Czechoslovakia. On January 10, 1926 in Prague, married Nina Vladimirovna Vernadsky b. 1898, daughter of Professor V. I. Vernadsky. Since 1939 in the United States, occupied the chair of Iranian studies at Yale University.
Vernadskaya Toll Nina b. 1898, in 1922 - 1939 lived in Prague, and later the United States.
Toll Tatiana born 1929, granddaughter of Vernadsky.
Von Toll family, the noble family of Baltic Germans, had the title of baron, from Reval now Tallinn in the province of Estonia (Эстония), Russian Empire and Dorpat now Tartu.

25. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1884 / 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. 

The Sedoh / Siedoh / Sedykh / Седых / Siedych family in Estonia and in Tatarstan now.

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel Starych Siedych / Sedykh

(acc. to me he changed the surname because Viktor Konstantinovich has the documents named Constantine and scans of Estonian passports with the Starych Siedych surname),

was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840).

Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg,

her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh,

mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski.

On 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme Harku tn 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu (by the order of Nomme Small Town Council, Hiiu-Rahu Cemetery, which was established in 1919, is the smallest among the cemeteries in Tallinn) in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra - 09 December 1948 by Galina Tunkel
(families from Odessa, Tallinn - Hiiu [Hiiu is a subdistrict / asum in the district of Nomme, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia], the town of Elva in Estonia).

There are 10 people in Estonia with the Trubetskoi / Trubetskoy (Трубецкой и Эстония) last name now, in Harjumaa. Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland; Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is included in the county.
See also: 'genealogy.euweb.cz' acc. to Josef Zvonecka and 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATrubetskoy_family' "...but then the page was attacked by Polish nationalists who turned it into a mess, starting a bunch of unnecessary stubs with Polish names. They also extensively used the Trubetskoy genealogy which I had compiled and posted at 'genealogy.euweb.cz'. I am sorting this category and some of it's members have really more connection with Russia then Poland..." (?!). "Someone give a bibliographic reference for this genealogy" at 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubetskoy_family'. My correspondent was writing to me in June 2012: "...The Library of Congress as well as some other world libraries own the official Troubetzkoy family genealogies. The most recent one was published in 1976 and has full information about Princess Maria and was written by a nephew. In addition, there are 3 books about the descendants of that particular branch of the family, with the latest book published in 2006".

An information from a database of the White movement:

Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty,
in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

- 04. 12. 1844 at Volhynia and verified the noble descent in Podolyia on 05. 12. 1841 

- 1913 in the district of Dorohobuz (verified the Fox coat of arms in Smolensk, and they stayed near to Dorogobush / Dorohobuz) 

- in Mahileu 

- 1799 in the Kaunas territory and Samaites in the Russian Empire (other coat of arms thereabouts). Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Bowel coat of arms had the Poszeszow estate in the Raseiniai ex-district (the Samaites territory in the independent Lietuva i.e. Litwa or Litauen, Lithuania) in the  middle of the 16th century. In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized again the arms of them, and also nine generations and 57 male persons:  Jan Konstantynowicz and his son Waclaw with the nickname Szwarplowicz c. 1650 and grandsons Jan and Michal - their sons: Krzysztof and  Stanislaw; Christopher (i.e. Krzysztof) had a sons: Andrzej, Jan and Jerzy; the above named Michal had a son Stanislaw and grandson Jerzy; lived 13 persons at the end of the 18th cent. and 25 persons c. 1830: Nikodem, Jakub, Wincenty, Michal, Kasper, Teodor, Ludwik, Antoni, Kajetan  and Teofil. 

 The Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766) district were related to this lineage; they derived  from famous Michno Konstantynowicz who received the big estate from the king Sigismund Augustus on 04 January 1554; the farmland was in  the Merkine = Merecz area, beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas) by the Merkys = Mereczanka river. Only one line of the Kaunas  branch  was verified in Vilna  A.D. 1910 and information about four lines of this branch were lacking 

- 1817 in the Hrodna district and at a later date they verified privilege of 1578 handed over by the king Stephen Bathory but with another armorial bearings i.e. "two swords (some documents from Sankt Petersburg Archive - disclosure to Pavel in the beginning of August 2004; "the two swords might represent the military service of two  brothers, and the star above might signify a successful military engagement", as somebody wrote in successive phase of public discussion about the noble Konstantynowicz family, that commenced on August 15th, 2004 in the  web net, but the discussion is led by strange persons from feefhs.org, not from our roots) which constitute a cross, and a star above them, and feathers of ostrich below (above, I   think) the helmet".  

I explain the problem to you (on September 10th, 2004). Two naked crossing swords without golden hilts, this is fundamental Pielesz arms:

A. priest Wojciech Wijuk Kojalowicz, "Armorial of the Grand duchy of Lithuania knights, so-called Compendium" had written on the Pielesz / Pielesh crest c. 1650,  ed.  in Cracow 1897: two swords at red field of shield and three feathers from ostrich above - plate, p. 212; it were four families with the Pielesz arms: Ielskj i.e. Jelskij - some  with cross among swords, inf. of 1620, 1632 in the Mscislau province and of 1648, Kwasnickj Golden i.e. Kvasnickij or Kwasnicki Golden ancestry derived from Moscow,  Pieleszyc house in the Vicebsk province, and also Wloszek family from Podlasie - inf. 1584; 

B. besides the Golocki family of the Golocki arms according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 4 ed. in Lipsk 1839, p. 174 - here effigy of the Golocki coat of arms, two swords on the shield, diagonally crossing with hilts upwards and a cap at the helmet - the shield is the same as  the Pielesz one; the family came from Chelmno area in Poland; estates: Goloty, Sarnov near by Grudziadz, Melno, inf. of 1651; 

C. moreover Golocki family also with the Pielesz diverse crest according to T. Gajl, p. 67: a cap and two feathers above crown, and beneath two swords with golden hilts  upwards in the shield; 

D. according to Seweryn Uruski, "Family. The Armorial of Polish nobility", vol. 13, 1916, p. 330: Pielesz family of the Pielesz arms in Lithuania, the district of Panevezys,  near by Upita in 1580, also as Pieleszyc; Pieleszyc family with the Pielesz diverse arms - sabres instead of swords in the shield; it say that is the same family what Pielesz; 

E. according to J. Ostrowski, p. 437 - here a plate of the Pielesz arms: two swords with hilts downwards in the shield and three feathers above crown. 

The Wloszek arms: 

A. Vloshek  / Wloszek  family according to Gajl, p. 246 - with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms, by turns from top to toe: bird above two hunting hornes, crown, shield - two  swords with golden hilts and four roses between blades; Wloszek family with own Wloszek arms: coat of arms without helmet, and in the shield two crossing swords with  golden hilts in palms and three roses between blades; the Wloszek arms come from the Pielesz crest; 

B. Niesiecki, vol. 9, 1842, had written about Wloszek family of the Pielesz diverse arms - they added four white roses in red field; Bielski, Paprocki and Okolovich  wrote, too.

The Wloszek arms resulted from link between the Pielesz arms and the Roses coat of arms (i.e. Poraj); the Pielesz coat of arms  belong to a sword group (the Kownia arms, Herburt crest, three swords and Pielesz come from the sword group); the Swords are in 19 arms and   variants joined with another objects.  

Adding of one star extra to the Pielesz armorial bearings resulted in unknown arms for Mieroszowski (plate 10, pieces 1 - 15, ed. of 1887). It's a Pielesz diverse coat of arms according to me ! 

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There was a certain Konstantynowicz branch from Russia in the Congress Poland after exile to Siberia (the exile to Irkutsk in  1864). They lived at a later date near by Makov and thereafter Ciechanov at the end of the 19th cent. and derived from  Patrycjusz Konstantynowicz + Anastazja nee Mierzejewski. Gavryla Konstantynowicz born c. 1810 was father of  Patrycjusz and Zenon, I think. The document relating to the grant of a certain estate upon this Konstantynowicz branch  (territory of them was situated at the border on Russia, at Volhynia) was in Mikashovka vicarage till 1945. Patrycjusz i.e. Patrycy  Konstantynowicz was born in 1831, the Roman Catholic, d. November 01st, 1908.  A part  of this branch is living in USA now. At  present, on September the 15th, in yr.  2008 Michal has written off to me that Patrycjusz had got to arrive to the Congress Poland from Berezyna (from the parish of  Berazino;  at  least  the  message needs to be  precisely researched !)  and  what is  more alongside (?)  younger brother Zenon Konstantynowicz.  

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The following names of lines are according to my research work: 

THE BUDSLAU BRANCH

FROM MALVINA AND WIKENTIJ

THE HRODNA BRANCHES

from KAZIMIERZ born c. 1850/52, JOZEF born c. 1842, ADAM born c. 1840/45, and also WALENTY from ORECHOVICZE or ORECHVICZE

THE BRANCH FROM IRKUTSK

FROM PATRYCJUSZ
A BRANCHES FROM THE MINSK GOVERNMENT

earliest branch from Jan Konstantynowicz 1698; earlier branches from Bonifacy I, Gawryla, Jakow, Daniil (Daniel), Fiodor, Martin (Marcin) and from Leon; later branches from Bonifacy II, Antoni, Wilhelm, Pavel and from Jerzy II

THE MSCISLAU BRANCH

(FROM DOMINIK and his brothers); my family from the Mscislau area derived from - according to the oral tale - a region by Mereczanka river (= Merkys river), thus from Michno Konstantynowicz with the Fox proper coat of arms, where the same possessed forest (1554) and the property of Zaleskowszczyzna (1552) but we weren't told that the Konstantynowicz family derived from Toloczki; the same Michno was put down in a judicial documents of the Troki district in 1552 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3). Searching for evidences last at present. All proofs show the Troki district by the Mereczanka river as the nest of our beginning and never point to the Hrodna district. All descendants with only the Fox proper coat of arms and with our Konstantynowicz surname come from the above Michno Konstantynowicz; see the Mscislau website:   

http://republika.pl/bkonstantynowicz

THE KAUNAS BRANCHES

PIOTR the 1st AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families

THE KAZLOUSCYNA BRANCH

FROM NAPOLEON KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

the VOLHYNIA BRANCH 

from Bazyli A.D. 1729 and what coat of arms? E.g. Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz in Hrubieszow, 1934.

and UNKNOWN OTHERS BRANCHES or lineages

the Konstantynowiczs sealed themselves six armorial bearings:

Fox proper, Bowel(s), Three Crosses, the Pielesz diverse, Radwan and Ours of the Konstantynowicz ancestry - Grekul


the picture of the Bjarezina river from beautiful book "Polska. Kresy wschodnie", Kluszczynski publishing house; author Roman Marcinek and photographer Sergiej W. Tarasow   

1863 

   The poor nobility in the 

East  Belarus  

in the first half of the 19th cent. lived in two  clumps, west and east group. The west one, by the  Druc' river (near by Sjanno, through Careja and Bobr, to  Talacyn and southwards Bjalynicy and next Druc village) and  the  east one by the Soz river (from Mscislau, through  Krycau and to Cacersk, here thickest). In the east group were  a big localities, 40 - 850 persons. A fortunes of Poles in  this furthest easterly territories of the former Both  Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since  the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century. We offer an  example of the Czaplic family: Adam Eufemiusz Czaplic from the Mahileu government, Polish nobleman, friend of prince Potiomkin and Russian  general fought against the Polish in 1792 and 1794, and also against Napoleon in 1812. 

   Nonetheless this country, the East Border, signaled to us attachment for Polish tradition during the January Insurrection in 1863,  according to Edward Maliszewski (Edvard Malishevski), ed. in Warsaw in 1920. So in the Mahileu government was plan of the uprising on  May 05th, 1863. There were 3.300 insurgents; in the district of Sjanno, at a farm of Slepce - here was a group of Tadeusz Chmurowicz (Tadeush  Chmurovich) and W. Szlagier (V. Shlagier), 100 strong. Horki town was conquest by night 05/06 May 1863 (19 km from the present border of Russia and 22 km from Kopceuka).  The Orsa group under command of Ignacy Budzilowicz (Budzilovich) fought on May 07th, 1863. In the Mahileu district commanded W. Korsak (or  Korsach) and Mancewicz brothers (Mancevich); they got defeated at once in Czarnorucz (Tsharnoruch). Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish  rebels took place by Leciachy near to Rahacou by Dnjapro on May 11th, 1863, but already on May 12th and 13th, 1863 all Mahileu  insurgents  surrendered to Russians near by Zurawicze (Shuravicy, 38 km NE of Rahacou on May, 12th) and in Propojsk (that is Slauhard by Soz = Sosh river  now, 75 km E - N - E of Rahacou in the Bychau district) on May 13th, 1863. Besides we know about a battle near by Szczawry (Scadry) close to the border  of the Minsk government on the Mahileu one. It was similarly in the Minsk government: as early as November 1862 a Convention of the  Nobility in Minsk made a statement - summons for uprising. For the first time a fighting was close by Piotrowszczyzna village (Piotrowinka, 18 km West of Cerven in the Ihumen district). The group of rebels retreated towards the Mahileu government, through Kolbcza (i.e. Koubca 19 km SW of Miezonka). At the same time, on May 07th, 1863, a group 400 strong fought close by Podberezje (Podbereshje 26 km SW of Cerven) in the Ihumen district, too. Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish rebels near by Loczyn on June 14th, 1863 in the Ihumen district, too (Lucznoje now, 8 km southwards of Cerven). In consequence the estate of Gorki had confiscated from Kornel Peliksza in 1863 (21 km of Minsk) after suppressing of the rebellion; Kornel Peliksza acted as chief of the Minsk province during the January Insurrection. Pawel Dybowski (Pavel Dybovski) was a chief in the Minsk district with centre in  Stankow (Stankava now, 36 km SW of Minsk); it was property of general and count Emeryk Czapski. In the middle of May 1863, a group from the  Ihumen district which came from east side of the Berazino parish (Berezino) under command of Piotr Jesman, after skirmish close to  Boguschewitschi, was smashed completely close by Marcjanowka village (Martjanovka north of Boguschewitschi). Melchior Wankowicz older was  also  the insurgent in 1863.  

Notwithstanding the Polish nobility lived on and on in the Mahileu government, for instance in 1865: the  west group by Druc' river - 12.188 adult persons in 521 villages and places, among others 10.447 Roman  Catholics; the east group by Soz river - 25.318 persons in 248 placess but only 5.927 Roman Catholics. 

Only 3.700 Poles lived in the Mahileu province in 1989, after displacements and purges in 1918 - 21,  1928    - 37, 1940 - 44 and 1952 - 55. 

You also can to see nodeworks according to Barancewicz : Wyzlacinski - Bujewicz (rus, pol) Giecewicz (eng,pol,rus) Konstantynowicz (eng) Leszkiewicz (bel,rus) Matusiewicz (eng,pol,rus) Lyczkowski (eng) Tumilowicz (eng)

We lived in the central and eastern Minsk government continuously in the middle of the 19th cent. 

persons:

1. Iwan Konstantynowicz

2. Zenon Konstantynowicz 

3. Marcin Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified) 

4. Iwan Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified) 

5. Patrycy Gawrylow Konstantynowicz

6. Wikentij Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

7. Semen Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

8. Kazimierz Daniilow Konstantynowicz / Danilovich Konstantynowicz Kazimir (Константинович Казимир Данилович, catholic, a nobleman, was living in noble locality Podkosie ca 15 km east of PUKHOVICHY, and south-west of Berezyna; PUKHOVICHY district, Minsk region. The wife of Tamkovich Fyodor / Fiodor Tomkowicz was Marta Matveyevna Konstantynowicz. After 1880 they were living in Fortuny village, the Bobruisk County. Parents of above Martha Konstantinovich, nobles: Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) that is Matthew, and Urszula Irina daughter of Adrian / Hadrian, were living the first in Snustik / Снустик, the Igumen / Ihumen county, east of Pukhavichy 24 km and south-east of Cerven / Ihumen. Above Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) brothers: Jan Konstantynowicz / Ivan born in 1829, Joseph / Jozef Konstantynowicz born in 1834, and Piotr Konstantynowicz born about 1850. Fortuny, in the Bobruisk district, close to Dvorishce and Jasieny, ca 28 km south-west-west of Bobruisk)

9. Iwan Fiodorow Konstantynowicz

10. Iwan Daniilow Konstantynowicz

11. Mikolaj Martinow Konstantynowicz 

12. Iwan Leonow Konstantynowicz 

13. Stefan Konstantynowicz the 1st in Dzmitrovichi, the Barysau district - the information of 1844; 

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

localities:

Zamostocze

in the Minsk district (= uyezd), the region of Siennica, the  parish of Koreliszczewicze; residents in this Polish noble locality at the  end of the 19th cent.: Platowski, Narejko, Janczewski, Suchocki, Rzeczycki, Pawlowicz,  Mazurkiewicz, Ancielewski and our family 

Luzki = Lushki

(near to villages Skuraty, Donnarowka, Zadomlia, Zaluze in 1859, 7 km west of   Smolewicze / Smaljavicy) in the Minsk government at the  beginning of the 19th cent.; here was a teacher and priest Tadeusz Konstantynowicz in 1812 

Duflon & Konstantinovich Company

Here you can to read about noble ancestries deriving from former Mscislau province i.e. from the Mahileu government, mainly there are Polish and Byelorussian families, e.g. about Holynski, Wollowicz, Puszkin, Brujewicz, Polubinski, Hurko and others. An information on Polish exiles in Siberia are at the website, too. Also about Polish rebellion near by the Lake Baikal in 1866. Here is description of the January Insurrection 1863 in the Ihumen (Cerven) district and also in the Mahileu government; and theory about the Fox and Pielesz coats of arms in the Grand duchy of Lithuania.

Ozeryszcze = Ozdryszcze

Oserischtsche in the Ihumen (= Igumen either Tscherwen or Cerven) district, NW of Ossipowitschi

Little Loszyca

small holding Male Loszyce in the Minsk district - 4 km NW of  Koroleszczenicze (= Koreliszczewicze; neighbourhood of them in the 19th cent.:  noble Poloniewicz family in a little village Zajameczno, noble houses Pawlowski,  Niemorszanski, Bohdaszewski, Siemaszko, Lubanski, Proszynski, Kostrowicki and  Narcyz Torczynski; the village was situated in the Siennica = Sienica region that is  "volost", the parish of Koroleszczenicze, near to villages Kuroszczowszczyzna,  Rylowszczyzna, Loszyce and Korziuki) 

Barysau

Stefan Konstantynowicz the 2nd here in the early 20th century

Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka

Anton / Antoni Konstantynowicz son of Ivan / Jan; he was  the first rector of a school in the little city (the Piareshyr  street) in 1866 

Konstantynov

(the noble small village near to the river Usza = Usa, 5 kilometres from Borovina  north;  close to border of the Ihumen district) in the Barysau district 

BOROVINA

in the Ihumen district (i.e. Borowiny near to Zeremiec at the map of 1859),  here Ludwik Konstantynowicz and his son Jan born 1888,  who has gone into the army of Balachowicz 1920. 

Berezyna

Here you can to acquaint with information about former Ihumen district and with data on the Polish in the parish of Berezino. Here  there are details about Brzezinski family from Livland. It's a large part devoted to Polish senior officers in Tsarist Army and which next  served for the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in 1917 - 1918. Here you can to read about the Balachowicz's troops (Corps in 1920) - English  version.

The Balachowicz's Corps passed by Olszany and Remel by south bank of Pripjat (= Pryp'jat) on Polish side: on  November 26th, 1920 ("Tula" and "Putwal" regiments with Jozef Balachowicz); on November 26th - 28th: soldiers of  the 2nd and 3rd Byelorussian Divisions passed to Poland; by night 27/28 November 1920 - Gen. Stanislaw  Balachowicz went on to Poland (with his aides: painter Artur Szyk i.e. Alexander Szykarenko, b. 1894, d. 1951 in USA, since   1921 lived in Lodz, and also Tadeusz Darmont); on November 30th - Gen. Adamowicz; the remainder on December  02nd - 04th, 1920 (on December 04th: unit 2100 strong from the 1st Byelorussian Division of colonel Peremykin after tough   fightings on November 25th - 27th). The formal demobilization of the Balachowicz's Corps followed on December  03rd, 1920. And nonetheless Gen. Stanislaw Balachowicz was elected as "General Chieftain of Belarus" in  Warsaw on December 23rd, 1920, according to Stanislaw Dowoyno - Sollohub. Byelorussian soldiers were  interned near by Czestochowa in January 1921, and from here to Szczypiorno close to Modlin, to Tuchola,  Aleksandrow Kujawski, Pikulice, Dabie, Torun, Strzalkow and Kalisz, till August 1924. A lot of  the  "Balachowiczs" were employed in Hajnowka, Bialowieza and Bielsk. 

MIEZONKA

in the Ihumen district (the GOVERNMENT OF MINSK, the parish of BERAZINO or BERESINO, the POHOST or Pogost region = Pogostskaya "volost" that is similar to county; PRECINCT BERAZINO = Uchastok No 2: Uyrevichskaya, Pogostskaya and the Belichanskaya volost; near to villages DULEBO (= Duleby) and DRUCZANY; here Stanislaw Konstantynowicz born c. 1855 + Anna Malkiewicz  daughter of Konstancja Brzezinski from the Polish Livland / Livonia).

I search for all information about the village MIEZONKA where my grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900; at  present Belarus: the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev or Mahilyow province) "oblast"; the village is situated among grand forest  and  southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of the Radzivilles enormous estates before A.D. 1840; ask you about  information. 

St Petersburg and The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company 1892 - 1918

The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, the Union of Weapon in the Ihumen district and the Polish Military Organization conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria -  Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski (b. 1867) and that track went out from Petersburg, among others across Miezonka and Lodz (the Tuvim street) in the direction to Galicia; a family of Andrzejak from Lodz involved in this activity occupied quarters in Miezonka and Moscow all over the first World War and thus

they became technolators of aviation and the basis of the  amateurish movement of aviation sports in Lodz (besides Henryk, Stefan and Wladyslaw Chlebowski - as early as 1910 in Paris and 1911 in Lodz - and also Zygmunt Dekler acted as air experts in Lodz before the First world war) after 1920.

The Polish school of Berazino precinct was here in 1918; farm - houses in Borovina and Miezonka estates were burned down and sequestered by  the Soviets in November 1918 and many perished; displacement from here at Ural and Siberia (the governments of Perm and Omsk; Konstantynowicz  Walery son of Zygmunt was born in Berezniki on March 01st, 1950 in the region of Perm, i.e. in Bieriezniki 155 km north of Perm and next graduated from the Moscow  University, philosopher, he has been living and working in Omsk since 1975) in winter 1928/29; the Roman Catholic chapel was here on the German map of  1941; more: 

Berezyna

the residents in this Polish noble locality at the beginning of the 20th cent. 

Umecki

near by Lodz now

Tumilowicz

(Miezonka and neighbourhood) Jan and Florian sons of Jozef, Leon and Piotr sons of Foma, Wasyl and Felicjan sons of Ilin, Jakub and Maciej sons of Wincenty and others; close to Dzierzynski family (brother of Felix); one of them Boleslaw worked at the Monitz factory in Lodz, was born c. 1901 in Miezonka number 9, he had two sisters and brother Bronislaw, nowadays in Poland (near by Lodz, too) 

Bronowicki

Lodz at a later date 

madam Zaleski

 

Barszczewski

Adam the son of Wincenty and Jan the son of a.n. Adam 

Soroko

= Soroka, Saroka of Leliwa and Suchekomnaty arms in the Brest province and at a later date in Vilkmerge area, Dzisna  region since 1571; related to Bulhak noble family and Koziell house; some estates in the Trakai  district in 1607; Siberia  now 

Konstantynowicz

among others Bydgoszcz now 

Szostak

i.e. Sastakas with Dabrowa coat of arms and Tartars with Swan arms (they lived in the Lida and Vilna  districts, for example A.D. 1764, and also in the Svencionys district A.D. 1835, derived from Tartar Szostak according to  S. Dziadulewicz and verified in Minsk and Vicebsk); Stanislaw Szostak was from this family, person of the  same age what my grandfather, he learnt at the "Nikolai - Ingenieurschule" (the air section was here during the First world war) in Petersburg by November 1917, defender of the Winter Palace on  07  November 1917, colonel of armoured weapon 1944 - 1947. According to Dariusz Szostak of 2011: Stanislaw Szostak born 14 January 1898 in Berezyna, died 11 February 1961, jailed 29 October 1917 to 18 December 1917 in Petrograd. Summer 1946 in UK. Among others Lodz now  

Witkowski

= Vitovsky of 1860; among other things: Antoni and Wincenty the sons of Mikolaj and Jan who was  son of Franciszek, in period of the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864 

Malkiewicz

they had relatives in Paluse i.e. Pluszcze; information of 1958 according to Narcyz Soroko from  Siberia; among others Lodz now 

Zbieranowski

one from them, Mr. Aleksander Zbieranowski son of Antoni Zbieranowski and Wiktoria nee Konstantynowicz, born ca 1890, was convicted during "shahtynski"  lawsuit of 1928 - he was radio engineer and the specialist - expert of a radio valves after completion of the Polytechnic of Berlin in 1914; other - Wladyslaw Zbieranowski  was  courier of the Polish Military Organization at the district of Babrujsk A.D. 1918.

Aleksander born 1895 in Miezonka, son of Jan Zbieranowski, wife Jozefa b. 1905 - daughter of Michal, lived in Kirylucha close to Rozyszcze in Volhynia before 1939, children: Danuta, Jan, Ryszard, Zygmunt. Near by Lodz now  

Huszcza

or Guscis (= Gustis); with Puchala and Horseshoe coats of arms in the Polack province and in  Mahileu A.D. 1671 and next in the provinces Vilna and Minsk; they verified the arms in Minsk in  1825; the Huszcza and Tumilowicz families that is the rural  "badger nobility", the Polish strongly.  The Borsuki village  (Badgers) is situated 15 km north - east from Miezonka, according to M. K.  Pawlikowski who described history of Ipohorski -  Irtenski family from the Berazino parish (proprietors of  Backov estate 3 km E  from the Berezina river);
sons of Jerzy: Kazimierz, Hilary, Aleksander, Julian and  Maciej Huszcza; peers of this Jerzy: Jan Huszcza, Semen, Fiodor and Kondrat Huszcza in the period  of the January Insurrection; they've been living in Siberia and Belarus. 

Comment on the Bonch - Bruevichs  

The Bruevich ancestry comes from the Orthodox gentry of the Mogilev province. 

Its founder, nobleman Vladimir Bruevich, was born March 4, 1561 and received from the king Sigismund August a letter on the ground in the village of Samotevichi / Самотевичи in the ex-Polish Mstislavl province, located on the outskirts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, before 1917 Samotevichi located in the Klimovitskaya County of the Mogilev province. At the present time in the Kostyukovitche district, of the Mogilev region in Belarus. Over the next two centuries the Bruevichs were priests in the Unitarian Church in Samotevichi and of the surrounding villages: Belaya Dubrava, Kostukovichi, Osov, Studenets (http://gf-sut.ru/public/iattach/262/Vestnik2.pdf) and others, or engaged in agriculture. A descendant of Vladimir Bruevich in the 5th generation, priest Ivan Bonch-Bruevich (d. 1668) had six sons: Gregory / Jerzy, Paul / Pavel, Casimir / Kazimierz, Nicephorus / Nikifor, and others who became the founders of the major branches of the family. In 1772, this part of Belarus was conquered by the Russian Empire.
Descendants of Gregory / Jerzy / Grigori Bonch-Bruevich, rector of the church in Samotevichi:
Pavel Fedorovich Bonch-Bruevich (1758-1818), collegiate councilor, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and his son, Michal Pavlovich Bruevich / Michael P. Bonch-Bruevich (1798-after 1870), state councilor, a prominent official of the Russian administration in the Kingdom of Poland.
A family of Paul Bonch-Bruevich / Pavel Bruevich remained unknown.
In the Kazimir Bonch-Bruevich branch known: Vasily Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (1801-1865) state counselor, a teacher of mathematics of the Polotsk Cadet Corps, Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich son of Dmitry Bruevich (1870 - 1956), lieutenant-general, (http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_n/nik2all_b.php) the national founder of aerial geodesy, and Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1873-1955), a prominent Soviet and party leader. Vasiliy Fedorovich Bruevich (1840-1914), Councillor, an official of the Ministry of State, philanthropist. Great-grandson of Casimir Bonch-Bruevich, a priest Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (1773-1831), of the Mogilev province, had a son, Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich / Jan Brujewicz son of Andrzej Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms (b. 1822), collegiate assesor and the first of the Orel line of the Bruevichs: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich (1888-1940), professor, corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; Aleksei Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1916), Professor.
A descendant of Nikifor Brujewicz / Nicephorus Bonch-Bruevich moved to the Chernihiv province, of which Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1808), member of the Academy of Fine Arts, was living in Poltava.
All five branches by the beginning of XX century were included in the nobility books of Novograd-Seversky governorship, Mogilev, Chernigov, Orel and Saratov provinces and the Kingdom of Poland, used the Boncha coat of arms, except for the younger branch, who wrote Bruevich, and had the Sas arms. Representatives of these branches were in the territory of Klimovichi, Chernigov, Mogilev and Rogachev counties and Surazh county: Ivan Ivanovich Bruevich (b. 1860), the actual state councilor, lawyer and Nikolai Grigorevich Bruevich (1896-1987), Lieutenant General and aviation engineering, Member of the Academy of Sciences.
Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich (born 04 January 1822), of the Kharkiv office, he owned a small village Yablonovets, of the Orel province in ca 1873, wife Apollinariya Petrovna.
Peter Ivanovich Bonch-Bruevich (born 12 October 1858, Ryazan), owner of the Uzkoe village, he graduated from the classical gymnasium in Orel, Ministry of Finance. Was married in the city of Orel, in 1883.
Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (1861-1909) was married twice.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1862), graduated of the Sumy School. He was member of the provincial government of Orel in 1891; after 1917, the building manager in St. Petersburg / Leningrad. His wife Natalia Matsneva (b. 1867), the daughter of a collegiate councilor Michael Ipollitovich Matsnev and his wife, Varvara Pavlovna.
Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1863, died 1905), owned the village Yablonovets. Wife: Elizabeth Nikolaevna Paradovski, the daughter of General.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich, Lieutenant Infantry of the Dorogobuzh Regiment.
Ipollit Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich / Hipolit Brujewicz son of Alexandr from the Kiev governorship, 1894; he graduated from the General Bakhtin Cadet Corps in Orel. 

the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation,  1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b.  1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too; 

his relatives - actual originators of the November coup d'etat in 1917: 

Two brothers - younger Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz = Bonch-Bruevich Brujewicz Wladymir - Bonch Bruevich - Boncz Brujewicz

(1873 - 1955, son of Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich; photo: W. Boncz - Brujewicz in Moscow, October  1918. 

Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij - Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak. 

Children of Michail Brujewicz: Tamara b. 1896, Konstantin with wife Sofia Winogradow; Konstantin Boncz-Brujewicz born 4 Febr. 1898, in St Petersburg; Georgij Boncz Brujewicz son of Michail Brujewicz, born 1900, died 1923. Alexandr son of Michail, died 1981. 

Child of Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz: Elena b. 1904 and died 1985 in Moscow, husband Leopold Awerbach son of Leonid Awerbach. 

Dmitrij that is Dymitr Brujewicz with the Boncza coat of arms, was son of Afanazy who was born 1798 in Kulgajewka, the Klimowicze area (Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich was born in Prusino, but rather in Kuligaevka, which now is merged with Prusino in a village; now these villages - Kuligaevka / Kulgajewka and Prusino - divides only river; Kuligaevka belonged the Bonch-Bruevich family and two brothers Michail and Vladimir came here in the summer and played with local children; Dmitry Afanasievich Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, lived here in his home, and here he died; he was buried in the local cemetery on the outskirts of the village but an ancient cemetery has not been preserved like the tomb of Bonch-Bruevich). 

Dymitr was born 26 October 1840, died after 1904. The first wife of Atanazy / Afanazy (b. 1798) was Irina Osipowna Liepieszynskaja vel Irena Lepeszynski died 1839 in Prusinowo, the Klimowicze county, the Mohylew government, daughter of Jozef Lepeszynski (Prusinskaja Buda 6 km east of Kasciukovicy / Прусинская Буда but Prusino / Прусино that is Prusinowo 2 km east of Kostiukovichi in the Костюковичский район and south of Klimovichi). 

Afanazy Brujewicz son of Andrzej, born 1798 in the Klimowicze area, his second wife Olga Reszkowicz born 1814 or 1818, daughter of Pavel Reszkowicz; first wife Irena Lepeszynski was daughter of Jozef. Andrzej Brujewicz the 'second', b. 1768 and son of Kirill Brujewicz, d. 12 July 1819 in Kulgajewka, the Klimovichi county, the Mohylew by Dniepr government; Andrzej was owner of Kulgajewka village, but all villagers were taken by Ignacy Ciechanowiecki and removed on new places. The first wife unknown, 2nd wife 1799 Fiedosja Kuzminicz who d. 1830 - 1st married with Filipp Platkowski son of Jan Platkowski; Andzej has got 2 sons: Afanasij / Afanazy / Atanazy and Fiodor. Kirill Brujewicz son of Andrzej the 'first' Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, b. 1735, d. circa 1804 / 1805, with wife Anna Sawinicz (Kirill Brujewicz was owner of part of Samotiejevichi in Krzyczew area / Krichev / Кричев that is Самотевичи south - west of Kostiukovichi and south of Krzyczew, now the Moghilev oblast but Kostiukovichi belonged to Vladimir Tichonowiecki and his family 1799 to 1917; Kirill was owner also Kulgajevka / Kulgaevka in Klimovichi county, a house in Kostiukovichi 1783, inf. on him 1805 in the Klimovichi court). 

Kazimierz son of Jan vel Ivan Brujewicz was died 1705 and was father of Andrzej the first. Jan was son of Fedor. Fedor was son of Jan the first).

Above named Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich / В. Д. Бонч-Бруевич was publisher and one of Lenin's closet associates. Curiosity! Lenin signed certificate for V. Bonch-Bruevich on July 7, 1920 because of a month's holiday and travels to Kulgaevka / Kulgajewka village in the Klimovichi county, Moghilev / Mogilev province, when the Red Army went on the general offensive - begun on July 4, 1920 - against Poland. Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich had got a cabin in autonomous Finland and Lenin had hiding place there in period July - October 10th, 1917 [Old Style] i.e. to 23rd October; Vladimir Bruevich was administration manager at the Council of People's Commissars from November 1917; cf. F. Antoni Ossendowski, "Shadow of the bleak East", edition of 1919 and 1921, p. 57 - 58: he was known to sphere of Petersburg high society, Polish "old nobleman", secret chieftain of  socialists; he concealed of Trocki - Bronstein in Petersburg A.D. 1905 and also directed Chrustalow - Nosar or Chrustalov - Nosari in 1905.

The second brother, older - general Michail (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich either Bonch - Bruyevich Mikhail Dmitriyevich or Michal Bonc - Bruevic, see - if you read Russian - here:  http://history.tuad.nsk.ru/index.html (b. 1870 - died 1956; son of Dmitry who stayed in Moscow) who was tsarist general. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich from 1892 to 1895 served as an officer with the Lithuanian Guards Regiment at Warsaw. He was in command of the 176th Perevolochensky Regiment, based at Chernigov in 1914 and had known Russian aviator Pyotr Nesterov. The chief of staff and deputy commander of the Russian Northern Front and commander of the Northern Front from 29 August 1917 to 9 September 1917. Next he was chief of staff of the Supreme Commander after November 1917. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the military director of the Supreme Military Council and chief of general field staff of the Red Army (field staff of the Revolutionary Military Council) in 1918 - 1919.

Curiously enough: 

new military intelligence under different names operated from October 21, 1918. At this time the Red Army was already a huge and powerful body but after October, 1917, Bolsheviks faced with many difficulties, including the collapse of the army. Therefore, reorganizing the old army, they left in the War Department that is the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs - General Directorate of the General Staff (GUGSH) and this body consisted the 2nd Division of the General Quartermaster in December 1917, which was the central organ of intelligence and counterintelligence services of the armed forces of Russia. So by the end of 1918, Soviet military intelligence in full was as the legal successor of the pre-revolutionary military intelligence. GUGSH headed General V. V. Marushevsky (Polish?) who refused to cooperate with the new government. 

Then Quartermaster-General Nikolai Mikhailovich Potapov was new chief of the military intelligence (in 1915-1917, Potapov was the Main Director of the General Staff at the office of General Quartermaster. However, according to some reports, he - from July 1917 - collaborated with the military organization of the Petersburg bolshevik Committee. In November, 1917 to May 1918, Potapov served as Chief of Staff, and acting as assistant manager of the Military Department; in June 1918, he became a member of the Supreme Military Council, and from July 1919 Chairman of the Military Legislative Council). 

Colonel Yudin was the bolshevik Commissar and Peter F. Ryabikov, after the coup, was had remained in the office because the Bolsheviks did not touch the military intelligence, as opposed to counter-military intelligence, which they immediately dispersed, as it was involved in the campaign of charges the Bolsheviks was spying for Germany in the summer of 1917. Crisis of foreign intelligence commenced with the end of December 1917: colonel Andrey Stanislavsky (Polish?) entered the service for the French intelligence, and intelligence reports from the allies - the French military mission in Moscow - came to the end in July 1918. In February 1918, the country faced with bloody civil war, and in March 1918 the Soviet government established the Supreme Military Council for the organization of the armed forces of Red Army with a military leader, former tsarist general M. D. Bonch-Bruevich and two political commissars Shutko and P. Proshyan. On March 17, 1918, the Supreme Military Council included: a military leader, his assistant, Quartermaster-General with several assistants, and intelligence chiefs, a field inspector of artillery, and others; on March 19, 1918: Chairman - People's Commissar for Military Affairs Leon Trotsky, the Council members and above named General N. Potapov. In June, 1918 the Supreme Military Council was reorganized and included: a military leader Bonch - Bruevich, chief of staff and staff occupied by former officers, the deputy of the military leader appointed a former Major General of General Staff Alexander Alexandrovich Samoylo, an assistant Chief of Operations of the Supreme Military Council was Colonel Alexander Kovalevsky (Polish? April - May 1918). Kovalevsky, soon will move to the South, where he headed the mobilization management of the North Caucasus Military District; here he with General Nosovich (Polish?) were arrested by Stalin, but after Nosovich was fleeing to the 'white', Kovalevsky was again arrested and shoted.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the specialist in take a pictures from airplanes and organized the first technical office of aerial photograph in 1925; he wrote "The aerial photograph" in 1931 and similar book in 1934 (and  Grigorij - his son Mikolaj (2nd) b. 1896 was general of the Soviet air force); 

the family of Aleksander II Brujewicz or Bonc - Bruievicius of the Boncza arms lived in Zbyszyn or Sbychin near to Tschetschewitschi since 1876 / 1880, 39 km SE away from Miezonka and the big estate had 5548 hectares, he lived next door Gresmer or Greszner family (according to a map edited by A. Brantner of "K.u.k. militar - geographisches Institut" in Wien 1896) and Mr Witold  Bulhak home (the Bulhak noble house of  the Syrokomla arms, verified in Minsk A.D. 1802, possessed also in the government of  Minsk: Matewitschi  = Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy 14 km SW of Miezonka, and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze); villages Woncza / Vontcha,  Borki and Rogi - which Florian Czarnyszewicz described in a book "Nadberezyncy" i.e. Berezyna's Riverside Inhabitants - were situated close by the Zbyszyn estate: 3 and 7 km;
besides a certain Aleksander (IV ?) Brujewicz purchased village Mistow and neighbourhood in the Congress Poland on 25 January 1861 but I haven't yet any firm evidences if it's the same Aleksander (2nd) Brujewicz who settled himself in  the Zbyszyn  property - I  am searching information;

they derived from Michal I Brujewicz who was born 1762 and stayed in the Minsk  province and all  following   generations (all his sons: Aleksander I, Mikolaj I, Bazyli, Wiktor, Piotr, Pawel, Fiodor) served in Russian army at a later date;  the Brujewicz  family  was in   Mahileu   A.D. 1718 and in Krycau  A.D. 1745, Sladzin or Sladziniec  in Mahileu region in 1761. 

Brujewicz of the Boncza coat of arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, possessed Bohdanowka 1st in the Mscislau  district since 1870 - 10,5 km  Nord of Jurkowschtschina i.e. Jurkowszczyzna - and also Poplatyno in the district  since  1870;  Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn -  Bor  or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejevitschi / Michiejewiczi,  i.e. 12  km  NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy  or  Czausy  - since 1876). 

In search of genealogy. It is of greatest importance to me.

I am looking for all information about my grandfather Marian or Jerzy Konstantynowicz and about his family from the parish of Berazino (Berezina, Berezino or Berezyna).  He belonged to one of the old noble families from the farthest eastern reaches of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Those lands were also the first to be taken by tsarist Russia as the result of the partitions of Poland. 

Those near and dear (families at the beginning of the 20th cent.) in the Berazino parish (Mother of God of Mercy catholic church),  Riga / Ryga, the Dryssa ujezd and elsewhere:
Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti.
With: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze (Mestia in Upper Svaneti and Zuruldi 7 km east, ca 30 km north of Lentechi, and north-west of Oni; the Japaridzes is Svans), Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan, Pescheux d'Herbenville / Pecheux.

1.

Malkiewicz

Old Svolna, Miezonka, Moscow and the Jauji farm (i.e. Jowce or Javci in LATVIA; 49 km north - east of Vilani in the Ludsen = Ludza district formerly. We know now about Jeci small village close to Dzirkalava / Dzierkalova, Lapava / Lapova, Locukolni, Purini, Zalmuiza in the area of Malnava. Jeci village is located 4 km from Karsava. Malnava Roman Catholic Church was laid in 1932 under the auspices of priest Boleslavs Grisans. This is the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rezekne-Aglona.

Count Szadurski (a friend of the Malkiewicz family) in ca. 1830 - who was himself a nature lover, interested in gardening - lay out a park behind the manor house in Malnow / Malnawa. Documentary evidence of Malnava estate dates back in 1774 but before 1724 the estate belonged to the Hilzen family of German roots.
In 18th century, the Malnava / Malnov / Malnow manor came into the ownership of Count Szadurski. In 1878, this land belongs to Julius von der Ropp, after S. F. Agarkov in 1906.
Oświej / Oswej / Osveya (Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz spent her childhood there; she was born in Moscow, but her father from the Malnow district; she has family in Miezonka, Lodz, Warsaw; in Karsawa - Malnow - Ludsen area were living the Brzezinskis) was a property of the Ciołek-Szadurski family in mid 1820s. Szadurski Mikolaj, son of Franciszek-Ksawery in 1817 studied in Polotsk / Polock, next in Vilnius 1822/23, landlord of Malnow and Oswiej, in Lucyn / Ludsen, the nearby town, Szadurski held offices, in 1837 married to Marya Zyberk-Plater daughter of Michal. Mikolaj died in 1876.
Melnava / Malnaya / Małn w / Malnow - a village near to Karsawa: Karolina, next of kin with Jozef Hylzen, was wife of Jan Franciszek Szadurski, owner of Pusza, Zielonpol or Zielonpole and Matnow / Malnow; her son Jan Szadurski, m. Dorota Szczyt, and her children: 1. Jozef Szadurski, offices in Witebsk 1814 1817, 2. Ksawery, who taken estates from the Hylzen family; Jozef Szadurski has son Ignacy, who held offices in Witebsk 1835 / 1838, no children and from Ksawery Szadurski is new branch.
A place of offices held by a member of the Szadurski family: Szadurski Stanislaw, a brother of Mikolaj, son of Franciszek-Ksawery, a Russian colonel, died in 1870; Szadurski Mikolaj died 1876. Properties of Szadurski: Zwirdzin to Stanislaw Szadurski, Newlany, Dorotpol, Dunakla to the Stanislaw Szadurski family. Oswiej and Malnow - the Mikolaj Szadurski family.
Michal Plater-Zyberk 1777 - 1862/63, his daughter Maria married to Mikolaj Szadurski. Maria b. on 23 Sept. 1813, m. on 15 Oct. 1837, she died in Kraslaw on 20 Dec. 1893.

At present we have got few figures with our last name in Latvia: Athena Konstantinovics, Rafael Konstantinovics, Vladimirs Konstantinovics, Ewald Konstantinovics, Siegfried Konstantinovics, Viktors Konstantinovics and in Jelgavas - Edgars Konstantinovics) www.surnameweb.org/registry/m/a/l/malkiewicz.shtml

2.

Nieciejewski

in farms Hrynica / Griniza and Usochy in the Ihumen district, and also village Luszewska Slobodka in  the Rahacou district (345 ha., here a family of Gorski lived, too) since 1881; the Russian and Soviet general, count  Bronislaw Nieciejewski who was  born c. 1870 in the Berazino parish came from Hrynica, and his  daughter worked as translator and interpreter as early as November 1917 (after completion of the  University of  Paris) at the first Council of People's Commissars under direction of Wladymir (Vladimir) Boncz Brujewicz who was the chief of the Lenin's office 1917 - 1918; either Nieciejovski or  Niecijevskij, Nicijewski and  Nieciovski, too.

Eugeniusz Nieciejewski, born 1826 in Hrynica / Grenica, close to Berezyna Ihumenska; killed by the Red Army in 1922; the Poraj coat of arms, nobleman in 1836. His children: Maria Nieciejewska married to Wladyslaw Szostak b. 1864 Miezonka - she was born 1871 Hrynica; Bronislaw Nieciejewski born 1870, Hrynica, the Russia general; killed in Moscow in accident; Stanislaw Nieciejewski b. 1872, Hrynica; he studied geology around 1892, ca 1895 engineer geologist, settled in Baku and here he worked at the oil fields before 1914; had Georgian wife before 1900, ca 1920 settled in Tbilisi, Georgia. His descendants live in Georgia today.

3.

Uminski 

or Uminskas with Cholewa arms in the Vilna and Vicebsk provinces (Manulki farm A.D. 1672), Bruslevo (or Bryjelov, Brialewo in the Berezina parish) and Smolarnia - Florian Czarnyszewicz has written the book "Nadberezyncy"  about this village; Smolarnia was situated next to Krasny Brzeg in the Babrujsk district,  property of the Korzeniewski family and also of Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski - he was born 1853 and died 1929, son of  Alfons Koziell  Poklewski 1810 - 1890,  member of the State Administration of Trade 1907 - 1912 according to Tatiana Pietrovna Mosunov and he was  related to  Hotowski i.e. Gatovskij,  Slotwinski from Ravanicy and Malkiewicz, too; Uminski family was related to Sarnecki (or  Sarneckis  from  Skierniow estate in the Trakai district) family with Slepowron arms.

After 10 years, I need specifies the base of the Krasny Brzeg village and the village of Smolarnia. Krasny Brzeg is situated in an area of Zlobin that is now the Gomel Province. Here is a palace of Koziell-Poklewski. Smolarnia / Смолярня / Smalarnia is a village in Belarus, a former Polish nobility locality, located in Mogilev Province at present, in the area of Kliczow / Klitshev, 3.5 km to the south-west of Kliczow, next to Niaseta / Niesety, Budniewo, about 30 km south - west of Miezonka. The village is sheltered from the north by forest. Smolarnia and its people during 1905-1920 is describes by Florian Czarnyszewicz.

4.

counties Zarako Zarakowski

i.e. the Zarokovskij family e.g. during war 1878 - 1879; properties: Holubovo palace, Kniazievo village and the great Svolna / Swolna estate - the chief  military state prosecutor of communistic Poland (after - see http://konstantynowicz.info/September_1939 - 1939 P. O. W. in Russia and next Military Attorney in Warsaw / Attorney General) and Soviet general, count Stanislaw Zarako Zarakowski  was born here in 1909 or November 1907; neighbourhood of them: Lipski Jan who  was the noble marshal of the Vicebsk government, Alina Rykow, Maryia Zabiella, famous Czerski by 1835,  Szczyt since 1725, Rudomin, Korsak, Dluzniewski; Jan Zaraka(o) - Zarakowski b. 21.02.1857, Russian general,  stayed in Vicebsk  in June 1918, next Polish division general 1923, d. in Warsaw before 1934 according to T. Kryska-Karski; Soviet and Polish general  Boleslaw Zarako -  Zarakowski was chief of the main staff of the Polish People Army in 1944, b. in Polack 1894  

5.

Zbieranowski

Igumen, Berazino (Michal born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904), Riga and Miezonka; they were relations of Sarnecki (or Sarneckis)  family  with Slepowron arms  

6.

Szostak

Miezonka and (acquaintances of  Raczkiewicz)  Babrujsk = Bobruisk or Bobruysk   www.surnameweb.org/registry/s/z/o/szostak.shtml

7.

Konstantynowicz

Miezonka, Petersburg, Svolna = Svol'na or Swolna, Krycau, Daugavpils, Kovalki, Riga, Omsk, Borovina

8.

Pilecki

Pileckis with Leliwa arms in the Vilna region in 1632 and the Trakai district in 1648, Navahrudak in 1674; first  information of 1484 and 1511; they verified the Swan coat of arms in Vilnius and Kaunas in 1807, and also the family  possessed a farmland near by Lida and close to an estate of Marshal Edward Rydz Smigly west of  Lida in the thirties of the 20th cent. 

9.

Stankiewicz

The Stankiewicz ancestry with the Wadwicz coat of arms lived in the Minsk and Mscislau provinces, according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 8 (among others 1648 and 1661) as early as the 17th century; the Mazyr district, the province of Polack A.D. 1674. They were related to Kotowski and Oginski families. According to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 5, p. 134 - 135: Stankiewicz or Stankevicius of the Mogila, Boncza and Wadwicz coats of arms; they were near related to Bilewicz (or Billewicz) family from Samaites at the turn of the 16th century. There are information about Jan Stankiewicz in Samaites and Vilna A.D. 1635 and about Michal and Adam Mikolaj here in 1648; Jan Mikolaj from Raseiniai region in 1646, and also Kazimierz in 1658; about Stefan from the Minsk province in 1697 and Adam Stankiewicz in Samaites 1788. They verified the Mogila coat of arms on March 16th, 1835 and derived from Samaites territory in Lithuania. Here they owned Raseiniai in 1535 and next moved to Vilkmerge district (Kirbutiszki and Krekszle farms). The noble Stankiewicz family with the Wadwicz coat of arms came of the Orsa district, and next in the Asmjany one, also the Minsk province and the Mscislau one. They verified the Wadwicz coat of arms in Minsk on February 25th, 1828; besides they lived in the Braslau region.  
   You can to see interesting website on the Stankiewicz family, http://republika.pl/aord/stankiewicz.htm among other things about: 1. Wladyslaw, Adam and Witold Stankiewicz from Vilna; 2. Antoni from the Minsk government (b. circa 1870, the member of the Civil Guard in Minsk in 1918); 3. Feliks b. 1927 in Babrujsk;
   4. The  Stankiewicz family from Przydrusk village near by Daugavpils was related to colonel Jan  Stankiewicz. Przydrusk = Przydrujsk or Piedruja in the former Grand duchy of Lithuania, and Latvia now, 44 km West of Malkiewicz's Old Svolna = Stara Swolna; Jan Stankiewicz born 04.04.1862 in Vilna / Wilno as son of Franciszek Stankiewicz with the Mogila coat of arms and Pelagia nee Sienkiewicz, got married to Maria Odrowaz in 1886 and  next  as colonel served and  lived in Riga / Ryga 1887 - 1909 / 1910 and possesed the Awocin property in Latvia to c. 1910;  the friend  of   parents of  minister Jozef Beck  from Riga and acquaintance of Jozef Pilsudski  in August 1919 in Wilno;  the relation of  Butrym  family. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz was Polish educational activist and freedom fighter within the Pilsudski undercover movement before 1910 in Riga. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz had withdrawn from the  Russian Army on 01.01.1918, and the Bolsheviks assented to this discharge on 28.02.1918; reunion with family in  Smolensk  after January 1918; and next after settled  himself  in Vilna / Wilno / Vilnius in 1918 or maybe spring 1919. But he served for the Polish Army just since April 1919 and as brigade-general in October 1923; died in Milanowek near to Warsaw in December 1945.

He was mistaken for colonel Gustaw Stankiewicz  son of Marian  from the Siedlce government   b. 1860 - 1918 who was maybe commandant of the 2nd  Polish Corps in  Ukraine in  accordance with Nicman of 1995 and with a Moscow Archive of 2000, and Gustaw died in 1918 over a fight against "reds" somewhere in Ukraine;  
also he was  mistaken with  Sylwester  Stankiewicz, according to Vronskya J. of 1992.. Sylwester Stankiewicz born 1866 and died in Taganrog close to Rostov-na-Don in March 1919;  maybe since 10th January 1918 to 28th March 1918 as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine; General-Lieutenant Sylwester Stankiewicz after served for general Anton Denikin in the Voluntary Army with 3000 Russian soldiers; maybe since January 1919 under command of general Piotr Vrangel.  It's not plain statement seeing as turned up just now and come in from East surely. Entries in Wikipedia of  September 2008 on Gustaw and Sylwester (!) have got only currently edited references and there are mistakes in details.

Main former historians: Baginski H., Dowbor - Musnicki J., Holowko T. of  1931 and Michaelis E. of 1929 point out Russian General-Lieutenant Jan Stankiewicz as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine during December 1917 - March 1918.

 Who was a Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps in Soroka (Soroca by Dnister in  present north Moldova id est Soroki) and Iasi (east Romania now) in the end of January 1918 till March 08th,  1918?  Colonel Jan Stankiewicz from Riga? General Jan Stankiewicz? Old Gustaw Stankiewicz or an unknown Stankiewicz?  Sylwester Stankiewicz? 

Commander of  the 2nd  Polish Corps retreated front of Germans (a withdrawal of military forces after acceptance the Ukraine as ind. state by Germany on 09 February 1918 and 03 Mar. 1918) and after stayed in Iasi on  March 02nd, 1918 and came into contact  with Haller in Jaruga on March 05th, 1918; when Romania on the same day March 05th, 1918 concluded an alliance with  Germany - Haller and Stankiewicz with the 2nd Corps on 08th March 1918 launched  a march east and crossed Dnister river going into  Ukraine evading a disarmament in the then Romania. On the other hand General - Lieutenant Jan   Stankiewicz went out from  Czeczelnik to Kiev on March  25th, 1918, to Gen. Michaelis, and next he joined the  White Russian Gen. Aleksiejew / Alekseev by the Kuban river in April 1918.  He fought north of  Stavropol in  September  -  October 1918, e.g.  battle  near by Ternovka on  October 14th, 1918 with White  Russians against "reds".  Stankiewicz took the offensive against Stalin's troops for  Astrakhan in middle of  November  1918, and after a retreat of the Voluntary Army, fought at Stavropol "White" Territory in  December 1918 and at the beginning of 1919. General Jan Stankiewicz evacuated himself  from Novorossijsk and probably arrived close by Odessa in March 1919.

 Note: the retreat of 3500 soldiers of the Voluntary Army from under Odessa commenced  at the beginning of April 1919 towards Bessarabia - it was a province of the then Romania between 1918 and 1940/44  - where the Romanians had disarmed "white" Russians, and a  part of this "Army" joined in  General Zeligowski 4th Division transcending Dniestr / Dnister river on 10th April 1919;  made Tschernowzy (= Chernovits, Cernivci) and Stanislavov in Poland  in June 1919.  See   Berezyna
5. Bronislaw from Riga (b. 1913, his  grandfather Nikodem was policeman in Riga).  

10.

Spychalski

The Spychalski family from Lodz, worked in a garage of Andrzejak at the beginning of the 20th century and they were acquainted with Pilsudski. 

Miezonka na mapie sowieckiej 1951 / 1982. Copyright by http://download.maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/n-36-063.jpg


История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Orlov-Denisov / Orlow Denisow, Dadiani, Nikitin, Wittgenstein, Golicyn / Golitsyn, Bagrationi / Bagration-Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky, Pashkovsky / Paszkowski, Duflon / Dyuflon, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch, Armand, Demonets / Demonet in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia. The Lenin Revolution 1917 - 1918.


История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Dubbelt / Dubelt, Pushkin / Puszkin, Gernet, Toll, Croy, Rehbinder, Konstantinovich / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonet, Kalinowski, Trubecki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoj, Sedykh / Siedoch, Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakovskij, Dyuflon / Duflon, Nobel, Vernadskij, Modzelewski families in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, Alexandrovsk, Miezonka, Berezyna, Orsha, Mahileu, Mscislaw, Riga, Tallinn, Kronstadt, Viljandi, Parnu / Parnawa, Daugavpils, Harku, Saku, Nomme, Kazan).

My grandfather Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Jurij Konstantinovich / vel Marian Konstantynowicz was a regular.
On 04 December 1918 he owned document in Marian Konstantynowicz name but he wasn't this person surely over military service in voluntary Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division. My grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900 in the village MIEZONKA, at present Belarus: the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev or Mahilyow province) 'oblast'; the village is situated among grand forest and southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of the Radzivilles enormous estates before A.D. 1840. He has got papers that was born in Warsaw in 1898 or in Pohost / Pogost close to Berezyna / Berazino.
At first he learnt - Autumn 1908 - in the secondary school in Mahileu by the river Dnjapro,

next he was transfered to Parnu / Pernau at the end of 1908: 1908 / 1909 - to 1912 a real school - Gymnasium in PÄRNU / Pernau / Parnawa / Пернов or Пярну

(the Livland government, and Estonia present; Феллин / Fellin that is after 1917 - Вильянди / Viljandi is situated close to Parnu, and the Konstantynowicz's vel Staroch Siedoch / Sedykh / Siedoh / Седых / Siedych lived here. At margin: the Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army Johan Laidoner was born 1884 in Raja farmstead near Viiratsi, site now located in nearby Vardja village in Viljandi / Viiratsi area, 2 km from Viljandi in the south. President Konstantin Pats born 1874 in Tahkuranna, Parnumaa - the Parnu district, and his grandfather Hans Pats was born 1819 in Holstre - Viljandi County / Viljandimaa - Holstre in the Paistu Parish, is situated about 10 km south east from Viljandi, Estonia.

P rnu Coeducational Gymnasium / P rnu hisg mnaasium / Boys Gymnasium of P rnu / P rnu Kuninga T nav P hikool School is located in Pernau. The school was founded in 1861 and is the eldest school in town. It started as a school for boys. Here has studied: Tiit Kuusik, Paul Keres 1930-1934, Konstantin P ts b. 1874, graduated from P rnu Gymnasium, 1894-98 studied law at Tartu University, 1918-38 Prime Minister, 1905-06 in Switzerland, 1906-09 in Finland. The beginning of scouting in Estonia, in 1912 back to the first troop was formed in P rnu. The first article in the Estonian media about scouting was published in 1911. Anton unapuu described there the principles of scouting, and soon 'Junyi Razvedtchik' was obtained. The P rnu troop stayed functioning as the one and only troop during the first years of scouting in Estonia, attracting 80 - 100 boys on its best days. In 1916 a troop was formed in Tartu and in 1916/17 Anton unapuu started scouting activities in different schools in Tallinn, where he was teaching gymnastics. Some scouts and leaders joined with Kalevlaste Maleva in 1918. In Parnu has studied: Jeannot Schotz, had been a gold medal student at Gymnasium (High School) in P rnu before going on to Riga University; Schotz, Benno b. 1891, sculptor, at the age of two he moved to P rnu and attended the Gymnasium there until 1911. Vilms, J ri b. 1889 Kabala parish, Viljandi county, studied at P rnu Gymnasium and was expelled for participating in the revolutionary events of 1905. After studying privately, he graduated from school in 1907. On 19 February 1918 Vilms, together with Konstantin P ts and Konstantin Konik, was elected a member of the Estonian Salvation Committee / the Rescue Committee. Boris Berg, Earl b. 1884 in Eastland. As a child, he lived in France, then studied at a grammar school in P rnu. In 1901, in the footsteps of his father, George Berg, entered the Parnu Gymnasium / Lyceum, of the course 62. He served in the Office of the Ministry of Justice. Additional info on Anton unapuu: Anton unapuu born in the Vana-V ndra borough in P rnu County, Estonia, the Liivoja farm / talu, Liivoja farm is located close to V hma, Imavere, Kabala / Kabbalah and Arkma village; his wife Ella Ksenia, his sister Emmeline Kald, his half sister Anna Milvek, his father Hans unapuu b. 1844. He started his studies in Vaki Municipality School 1897, graduatuated from V ndra Parish School in 1903. In 1908 he continued his studies at evening courses. Graduated in 1913 from Helsinki University. Worked at gymnastics schools in 1913-18; he promoted the Scout Movement in 1916 in schools of Haapsalu, P rnu, Tallinn and Viljandi. In 1917 unapuu formed a Student Home Guard Squad. His friend Anton J rgenstein b. 1861 Vana-V ndra vald, P rnumaa, was an Estonian journalist, literary critic and politician. Jaan T nisson close friend and companion. Anton J rgenstein was elected in 1907 to the Russian State Duma. Jaan T nisson b. 1868, near T nassilma, Viiratsi Parish, Viljandi County, Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932)

-
he knew very well spoken and written Estonian according to the Polish Ministry of Defense in Warsaw
- and

the Naval Corps (or at the Petrograd Naval College = the Naval War College; Course of Navigation Officers 1912 - December 1916) in St Petersburg and 

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Pushkin, Troubetzkoy, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Sedykh from Kazan, Soltan, Oginski, Paszkowski and Kalinowski from Cracow, Zbieranowski, Zarako-Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Dunkel / Tunkel from Estonia, Dubbelt / Dubelt from Riga, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Holynski of 18th cent., Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia.

he first served in the Kronstadt Stronghold (the Bureau of Navy Transport - in a navigation ensign capacity, i.e. concretly "pra'porchik", this is a temporary rank, about equivalent to Sub-Lieut., R.N.R. in British Navy, one 1/2-inch gold stripe without curl - Dec. 1916 / March 1917). After the March (1917) Revolution and during the First World War he escaped on powerboat from the Kronstadt Stronghold to Tallinn (Reval = Revel, the capital of autonomous Estonia = Estland since March 1917) with Estonian engineer Jansen / Jannsen and stayed here since April by June of 1917; next in Petrograd by November 1917. 

Curiosity: 1. Among seamen writers was Captain 2nd rank Konstantin Konstantynowicz. 2. 1907 - first plant in Estonia built to provide power for household electric power on stream in Parnu. 3. 1908 - first radio transmission station in Estonia is built at the Russian imperial Baltic Fleet's Tallinn port. 

St Petersburg and The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company 1892 - 1918

During the fighting between the "whites" and "reds" after the Bolshevik Revolution towards the end of 1917 (Minsk Litewski - he has been assigned to the Cadet Legion, here in December 1917 - and at a later date in Bychau / Bychow) by summer 1918 my grandfather 'Marian' or Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Yuri / Георгий / Юрий Константинович served for

secret service of counter revolutionary White 1st Polish Corps 

under general Dowbor Musnicki (a scout troop - in January 1918 - under command of engineer Wroblewski - who later worked in an armoury in Pionki  in the thirties of the 20th century  keeping in touch with the Wankowicz family still - recognized Mahileu and Babrujsk) and  fought (Orsa = Orscha / Orsza, Rahacou - 4th infantry regiment, the 1st  Division of Polish Rifles, Hradzianka / Grodsjanka - North of Ossipowitschi Mahilyow google satellite maps) against the Bolsheviks for freedom of this  country; he carried out duties of courier (Minsk, Babrujsk, Barysau) for the Polish Women Rings; next in the  

Civil Guard of the Minsk Government and the Government of Mahileu 

- then met the family of Wankowicz (quod vide Appendix D about this family) in Old Kaluzyca = Kaluzyn because Mr. Witold "Tolo" Wankowicz was chief of the Union of Weapon in the Ihumen district  -  

autonomous section of the Polish Military Organization 

- and my grandfather was courier between the Luboszany (= Libuschany) estate and Kaluzyca in fall 1918;  see: Berezyna ; here you  can to acquaint with information about former Ihumen district and with data on the Polish in the parish of Berezino; it's a large part devoted to Polish senior officers in Tsarist Army and which next served for the 1st Polish  Corps in Belarus in 1917 - 1918;  Jerzy Konstantynowicz vel Marian Konstantynowicz

my grandfather was near to general Wejtko (ensign of orderly in Minsk and Vilna 1918) in  the  

Self-defence of Lithuania and Belarus 

- after the collapse of tsarist Russia, Poland regained its independence after 123 years  of  foreign rule and he was professional officer in the 

military intelligence service of  Polish Army 

(namely IInd Bureau of the General Staff - determination according to "The Secret Story of SOE (...)" by W. J.  M. Mackenzie, U.K. 2000, p. 312; 04 December 1918 he owned document in Marian Konstantynowicz  name but he wasn't this person surely over military service in voluntary Lithuanian - Byelorussian  Division) 1918 - 1947; military oath in Vilna on December 29th, 1918 during defense of  the town against Soviet troops; the 77th Kovno Regiment next; he served when Poland  was fighting with the Bolsheviks in defense of its independence (1919 - 1920). 

The LIDA garrison (the barracks had name of Marshal Edward Rydz Smigly; the 77th Infantry  Regiment handed over an estate to the Marshal west of Lida near by a farmland of famous Pilecki family;  a pilot and the pioneer of Polish air force Witold Worbek Lettaw from Lithuania (the Lettowt family was verified  in the Kaunas government in 1844 - 1847 and in Vilna on 03.05.1827 as Letowt; also as Letovt Vorbek or von Lettow Vorbeck, v.  Lettow-Vorbeck, Lettow von Vorbek) acted in this garrison) by morning 18 - 09 - 1939; my grandfather at the night 17 / 18 September 1939 co-organized burning of the LIDA  garrison's documentation and next was in Landwarow (= Lentvaris) on  September 19th, 1939,  ZAWIASY, probably arrived at the Rudziszki (= Rudiskes) station and to Grodno 20th  September 1939. He gone on Lithuania on September 21st (= Litauen; was interned and after registered  at the Vievis station 21st   September 1939; see more information about Polish September 1939: http://konstantynowicz.info) 1939; he was in  camps for prisoners of war in: Palanga, relocated to Vilkaviskis,  Ponoj (= Ponoi in USSR   Karta), Archangel / Archangelsk and Viazniki / at the Wjasniki station (here in August 1941; that is  the Jusha camp = Jusk); 

  Walki z sowietami po 23 wrzesnia 1939  New website! © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

September 1941 - May 1947 Army of general Anders. 1947 -- 1948 émigré from Italy to ARGENTINA. He lived after in Mexico or New Mexico, too. I am unclear about where he died; he used pseudonym Stankiewicz / Antoni Stanislaw Stankiewicz ? as though a second surname.

A few details after 10 years of my websites:
My grandfather was rarely at home before The Second World War. He traveled often for longer. With these expeditions brought particular trophies. What it was? These trophies from the trips were the Bolshevik guns called "revolver" or "Nagan" with a large caliber. He had a drawer in his office in the garrison of the 77th infantry regiment in Lida, full of them always. Probably, he killed enemies acc. to my father, on behalf of the Polish state. So my father spoke to us, grandfather often had to be on a secret trip to the Soviet Union. When he left the garrison and was in the central Poland, it received the nick-name Stankiewicz. For his interlocutors he took as a gift the Bolshevik guns. Once he was at the anniversary meeting of the members of the Polish Military Organization in Krakow and he was wearing a colonel's uniform. He had several biographies: according to one worked for the mobilization department of the Ministry of Defence. According to another legend, was a accountant. Still other data said that already in Tsarist Russia was learning to future employee of military intelligence, probably in the range of encryption and radio. The course includes swam on the Russian battleship - "Petropavlovsk". During World War I it was stationed in Helsinki. In 1918, in Miezonka and Bobruisk he walked in uniform of the tsarist army probably "junker", very decorative, according to his colleague from Miezonka. Also he used the birth certificate of Marian Konstantinovich, who died shortly after birth, but he was baptized. The new born baby died when his mother Anna also died - she was from the home of Malkiewicz family. These false documents indicated to Stanislaus Konstantynowicz as his adoptive father. When in 1939 he was in a camp for Polish interned soldiers in Palanga, Lithuania has used for identification in contact with the family, a sailing ship picture. In 1947 Marian Konstantynowicz settled near to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Acc. to KONSTANTYNOWICZ Immigration Records on the Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina, at http://www.hebrewsurnames.com/ we read: KONSTANTYNOWICZ, JAN aged 25, ORTODOX, Polish, on 01/02/1929 arrived to BUENOS AIRES; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, MARIA aged 57, householder, Catholic, from Italy, ship EMPIRE HALBERD, dep. GENOVA, arrived on 20/11/1947 to BUENOS AIRES, was born in ROMA; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, MARIAN aged 47, Catholic, Polish, ship EMPIRE HALBERD, dep. GENOVA, arrived on 20/11/1947 to BUENOS AIRES, born in MIEZONKA; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, STEFAN aged 22, Catholic, Polish, from CHERBURG, arrived 03/08/1927 to BUENOS AIRES, born in ZYDOWSKIE; and again KONSTANTYNOWICZ, STEFAN aged 28, from TRIESTE arrived on 18/09/1932 to BUENOS AIRES, was born in ZYDOWSKIE. These data were obtained from www.cemla.com.

After 1948 all marks after Marian Konstantynowicz are interrupted. It is known, however, that Marian Konstantynowicz next was in Mexico. No one knows where or when he died.

Before the Second World War my grandfather did not have in the then Poland any family of his parents. My family in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century, was running an extensive exchange of correspondence mainly from Estonia and in second place with Finland and Latvia. At a later point were letters from Lithuania.

More about Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Latvia in combination with radiotelegraphy, communications, telephone, radio tubes, wiring, and transmission of information by radio to the next page of my genealogy.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Latvia in combination with radiotelegraphy, communications, telephone, radio tubes, wiring, and transmission of information by radio in Russia 1892 - 1918. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.

His particular personal signs acc. to UK Ministry of Defense (photo of 1934): 

- his blood - group: A

-  a scar under right knee

- he was 160 cm tall. 

The Sedoh / Siedoh / Sedykh / Седых / Siedych family in Estonia and in Tatarstan now.

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz or Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel (nickname) Starych Siedych / Sedykh (acc. to me he changed the surname because Viktor Konstantinovich has the documents named Constantine and scans of Estonian passports with the Starych Siedych surname), was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840). Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg, her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski; on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu (by the order of Nomme Small Town Council, Hiiu-Rahu Cemetery, which was established in 1919, is the smallest among the cemeteries in Tallinn) in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 buried by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra - 09 December 1948 buried by Galina Tunkel.
Inf. among others things by Inga Ilves (she is from Moscow / Москва, Russia but with roots from J rva County and near by families from Odessa, Tallinn - Hiiu [Hiiu is a subdistrict / asum in the district of Nomme, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia], the town of Elva in Estonia) and 'http://forum.vgd.ru/'.

There are 10 people in Estonia with the Trubetskoi / Trubetskoy (Трубецкой и Эстония) last name now, in Harjumaa. Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland; Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is included in the county.
See also: 'genealogy.euweb.cz' acc. to Josef Zvonecka and 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATrubetskoy_family' "...but then the page was attacked by Polish nationalists who turned it into a mess, starting a bunch of unnecessary stubs with Polish names. They also extensively used the Trubetskoy genealogy which I had compiled and posted at 'genealogy.euweb.cz'. I am sorting this category and some of it's members have really more connection with Russia then Poland..." (?!). "Someone give a bibliographic reference for this genealogy" at 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubetskoy_family'. My correspondent was writing to me in June 2012: "...The Library of Congress as well as some other world libraries own the official Troubetzkoy family genealogies. The most recent one was published in 1976 and has full information about Princess Maria and was written by a nephew. In addition, there are 3 books about the descendants of that particular branch of the family, with the latest book published in 2006".

Bedrich Vilem Urban was born on March 18, 1880 in Senice in Austria / now Czech Republic and died 1955; in 1904 worked for 'Tallinna Volta' and 1908 for 'firmas Duflon ja Konstantinovitsch' that is the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company, 1911 'Siemens-Schuckert'. In 1918 back to Estonia. His wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban; his children: Dalibor Dalka Urban, Jean Boris Urban, Zdanek Zdenya Urban; his parents: Marie Urban and Stepan Urban father. Above named his wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban nee Steinberg born on June 29, 1882 in Tallinn, Harjumaa county - her father Gustav Kustas Steinberg b. on March 2, 1850 in ksnurme - ksnurme is a village in Saku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, close to Tallinn, ksnurme is 2 km south - west from Saku; Saku is 12 km south of Nomme, and 16 km from Tallinn. Saku is a small borough in Harju County, Estonia. Her mother: Anna Maria Steinberg nee Sa(a)lwelt / Saalwelt b. June 21, 1862 in Harku; Harku is 6 km west of Nomme, where lived the Sedykh and Konstantynowicz families, next of kin with the Troubetzkoy family. Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living on 09 June 1934 in Estonia, Nomme at Harku (the Harku street in Nomme located in north of the town, near to the Hiiu-Rahu kalmistu Tallinnas) tn 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu. Above named address: Hiiu, street Harku tn (No) 28, apt. 2, N mme - Tallinn, Harjumaa district, Eesti / Estonia - Harku str. No 28 crossroads streets on Vahtra str in north part of Nomme. Nomme is one of the 8 administrative districts of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Harku / Hark is a small borough in Harku Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. Anna Maria Steinberg nee Sa(a)lwelt / Saalwelt died in the Czech Republic. And a grandmother of wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban nee Steinberg: Mina Salwelt nee Mamers b. on October 7, 1836 in Parmel.


Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Estonia and Latvia. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, and Kalinowski from Cracow, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Dunkel / Tunkel, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Benkedorf, Urban, Steinberg, from Estonia, Dubbelt / Dubelt from Riga, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia.

An information from a database of the White movement:

Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty,
in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division

(by Michael Kihntopf: 

'...The Russian counter-revolutionary Northwest Army ... had started near the Estonian and Russian frontier ... The Northwest Army had its origins in ... October 1918 in the occupied city of Pskov. ... the German General Staff authorized the organization of nearly 2500 prisoners of war and former tsarist officers who had sought shelter from the Bolshevik secret police in German occupied territory into a unit it designated as the Northern Corps. ... Konstantin Pats, the Estonian prime minister ... had formed a fledgling army of two 300 man companies. ... White movements, the Corps ...contained 36 former generals ... The first was General Aleksandr Rodzianko ...The second to rise to the top was a product of the revolution, Major General Stanislav Bulak-Balakovitch who styled himself as the Ataman of Peasants and Partisan Legions. He had begun his military career in 1915 as a private gaining an officership as a reward for organizing Polish guerilla units in German occupied territory. When the revolution came, he had thrown his support to the Bolsheviks only to desert with 1000 men, four machine guns, and 120 horses and join the Northern Corps at Pskov where he promoted himself from captain to major general. Bulak-Balakovitch became the corps' co-field commander. ... Rodzianko attached his men to the Estonians. On 4 January 1919, the Estonians (struck)... Rodzianko began to organize the liberated territory. ... nearly 5000 bayonets were added to the corps. ... British observers placed the corps numbers at just under 7000. The corps, considering its claimed numbers, declared itself the Northwest Army. ... Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, the supreme commander of Russian counter revolutionary forces, gave his approval to Rodzianko and ordered General of the Infantry Nikolai Iudenich, who had escaped to Finland in 1918, to take over the administrative command of the army. ... he was relying on an army of 25,000 divided into six columns. ... Column D (4th Division) would advance east to Luga and column E's purpose was to cut the Pskov – Luga railway. Column F was to protect the right flank of E and (4th Division) D. Each of the columns consisted of a division ... The offensive began on 11 October 1919 all along the front. ... (4th Division) Column D captured Luga on 13 October ... For a few months, Iudenich was held under house arrest ... Iudenich left Estonia aboard a British ship ...' -  

Copyright © 2008 Mike Kihntopf / Michael P. Kihntopf at: kihnt@swbell.net. ... veteran of the U.S. Air Force. Published online: 06/27/2008).

In 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living in Peterburg / St. Petersburg but on June the 14th, 1924 they lived in the town of Viljandi.
Daughter of Alexandra and Victor Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovitsch:
Galina nee Konstantynowicz born approx. 1900 / 1902 died in Nomme after 1968 and was married to a Latvian; she had two daughters, one married to a Latvian, another to a German (Irena?).

Below inf. by http://forum.vgd.ru/ September 2004 to August 2011, but with few (!) mistakes:
Victor Konstantynowicz vel Staroch Siedoch Viktor Konstantinovitsch was born 1874, the husband of Ивановой Александры Николаевны / Alexandra Nikolaevna Ivanova, born in 1877, whose daughter Галина Седых / Halina Sedykh / Galina Siedych, born between 1901 and 1903, went from St. Petersburg in Tallinn, where she married to an Estonian and gave birth to two daughters, the youngest of whom was named Irene / Iren. Wiktor Konstantynowicz vel Victor Siedych, Navy ensign, who lived in Geslerovsky lane / Геслеровском пер. No 29, in Petersburg in 1917. The Geslerovsky lane now has the Chkalov prospect name. Victor Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich was confirmed in a letter of 1944.
Galina Sedykh in 1968 lived in the center of Nomme, now Tallinn Nomme.
Victor Starych Siedych Konstantinovich was born on 20th October 1874 in Kazan, his father Staych Siedych Konstantyn / Constantine (??), mother Duchess Mary Trubetskoy / Maria Trubetskaya; a sailor, Petrograd. And Alexandra was born on 02nd March 1877 in St. Petersburg, but her father Nikolai Ivanov and her mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Ryabchinsky; resided on 09 June 1934 at Nomme, Harku street No 28-2.
Above Victor Konstantinovich b. 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, ensign by the Admiralty, in the North-Western Army enlisted May 20, 1919, in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

Alexandra Konstantynowicz was buried by mentioned Rita Dunkel, and in the recording of Constantin (Wiktor Konstantynowicz) is Galina Dunkel / Tungel or Tunkel.

Rudolph Dunkel b. 1881 in Kurtna - d. ?; his brother: Carl Johann Dunkel b. 1872 in Riisipere - d. ?, his children: 1898 Harald Johann Dunkel in Tallinn, 1899 Marga Helene Dunkel in Koogi / J el htme ca 25 km east of Tallinn. Riisipere - close to Nissi; 23 km south of Lehola.
Dunkel, Johannes was living in Tallinn, 1904.
By Georg Dunkel from Suomi: Elisabeth Dunkel nee K plas (her father Michel K plas 1840 in Vastseliina, area of V ru, Eastland - south-east part of Estonia now, and west of Pskov 70 km) b. 1878 in H rsi, V rumaa, Estonia but west of Pskov and died 1953 in Helsinki; her son: Voldemar Dunkel b. in St Petersburg and died in Helsinki; her husband Georg Otto Dunkel, he was living in Viipurinl ni, Suomi / the Viipuri Province was a province of Finland from 1812 to 1945; her grandson Georg Dunkel. Above Voldemar Dunkel was born 1903 in St Petersburg - 1964 in Helsinki, Finland; his father Georg Otto Dunkel b. 1873 in Szczecin, Western Pomerania - d. 1941 in Kirkkonummi, Finland - municipality is located just outside the Helsinki Metropolitan Area; Voldemara's wife Taisia Dunkel nee Stanovaja / Stanovay b. 1902; her sons: Albert, Eugen and Georg Dunkel - Finland - his son Manuel Dunkel.
Juhan Tunkel 1862 - 1930, by Henryk Manicki. Nicknames: Juhhan, Dunkel, born on March 4, 1862 in Humala, Keila district, Harjumaa and d. April 1, 1930. His children: Annette Rosalie T rberg in Baltisch Port / Paldiski, Harjumaa, next on February 11, 1897 birth of Julie Tunkel in Paldiski, he married to Mari Dunkel and second time to Juula Dunkel. Next children: 1898 Maria Dunkel and 1901 Hermine Dunkel in Humala, Harjumaa; and 1903 Johannes Dunkel in Humala, Harjumaa. Johannes Dunkel b. 1903 died ?, Humala, Harjumaa and his halfsister: Annette Rosalie T rberg b. on June 27, 1893 in Baltisch Port / Paldiski, Harjumaa; m. 1920 to Johannes T rberg, children: 1926 Vilma Rosalie T rberg in Lehola, Harjumaa. And her halfsister: Julie Tunkel 1897 - d.?, Paldiski, by http://www.geni.com/people/Julie-Tunkel. Her sister: Hermine Dunkel 1901 - d.? from Humala, Harjumaa and son of Hermine: Heldur Jakob.
Some details on different person: Leeno Dunkel nee Trauerberg b. on August 27, 1844 in Rannamoisa, Harjumaa, her husband J ri Tunkel and her father J ri Trauerberg. Her daughter Maria Pauline Hindreus nee Tunkel b. 1870.
Both women - Rita Dunkel and Galina Dunkel - lived in those years at Apteegi No 14-2 in the area Nomme. The Apteegi street (Apteek road) in Tallinn, close to Vene str., and the Tallinna Kultuurivaartuste Amet in Old Town. See 'A Rambling Dictionary of Tallinn Street Names' by Simon Hamilton.
1825 - restored merchant's harbor Baltic port / Baltijskij Port / Paldiski. 1842 - Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas was built at the expense of Nicholas I, on the proposal of the chief of the III Department of His Majesty's Office of General A. H. Benkedorf / А. Х. Бенкедорф, a native of this place, the owner of the estate located near Keila-Joa. Created in 1856 by a special committee 'to improve on the military side', examining the question, '...where there should be first-class marine facilities', for the Baltic Fleet, near to the mouth of the Gulf of Finland. The Baltic port converted into the base of the main forces of the fleet. 1857 in the Baltic port began research under the direction of Admiral Panfilov, were taken successively in 1881 and 1889. Here was the headquarters of the Baltic Coast Defense district. 1893 - 1897 here lived Dunkel or Tunkel.

Close to Humala, in the Keila Parish, was an estate of Abram Hannibal. In Estonia, Abram Hannibal taken a family crest when he bought an estate Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla mõis / Alt-Hohenhof - Ivan Gannibal (1735-1801), was born in Karjaküla Manor (Pushkin), after: von Glehn, von Gernet, von Krause / Kraus. Karjaküla is a small borough in Keila Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. It is known that Hannibal was the chief commander of Tallinn for 10 years and married Regina Christina Sjöberg / Sheberg in 1736; she was the daughter of the Swedish army captain Mattias Sjöberg (the female line from the family Albedil) but her first son was born on 5 June 1735 in Vana-Karjaküla mõis. The three eldest sons (Ivan, Peter and Osip) were born in Eastland, and two younger (Isaac and Jacob), on the estates of Pskov province.

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 or 1783 d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General; he is most frequently remembered for his later role, under Tsar Nicholas I, as the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia. Alexander von Benckendorff was born to a Baltic German family in Reval / Tallinn. His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven. He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844. His family possesed Schloss Fall / Keila-Joa from 1827 or 1837 and in 1830s Merem isa / Merremois / Meremoisa, close to Keila-Joa. After his death, the castle was owned by prince Volkonsky family.

"Konstantyn" and Alexandra were buried at different sites; on the site of Konstantyn were: Lewashow Weera / Levashov Veera in 1933, 1972 and Kuznetsova Kalina 1976, Lewaschov Konstantin / Lewasow Konstantin 1936, Straro, Sedo or Straroh Sedoh Konstantin (Constantine) and Ma'nnik Eugen 1986. On the site of Alexandra: Aleksandra and Ivanova Maria 1991, Donskov Peeter 1993, Mary Grigorevna 7.11.1914 - 27.10.1911 and Peter / Pietr 09 January 1920 - 25 September 1993. It is possible that this place was sold to a new owner. A date : 11 September 1948 and 1991 not confirmed. Sedykh were Orthodox.
Dunkel Galina at the cemetery of Siselinna on 13 August 1982; here name of Rita Krause. Maybe Rita is a daughter of Galina, and Rita Irene and Rita are the same person. Rita Irene, daughter of Heinrich / Rita Irene Heynrihovna b. 1927 / Rita-Ireene at cemetery of Siselinna that is Krauze Rita-Ireene died on 21 November 1998.
Heinrich Dunkel, a father of Rita, Irene; captain. Heinrich Georg Dunkel / Heinrich Dunkel / Baldwin-Heinrich Dunkel was a reserve captain; Heinrich Dunkel was poisoned in the central prison of Tallinn by the communists. On January 10, 1934 or 1935 - a funeral of the union officers leader, a reserve captain Baldwin - Heinrich Dunkel took place in Tallinn. He had died in prison.

From Riga, Latvia: daughter of Galina Sedykh / Dunkel was Irena. Sabine from Riga is the Sedykh family relatives. After Irene's death from Tallinn brought some pictures, among them there were, pre-revolutionary.

On the Baltic German family von Krause and the Siselinna / Siselinna kalmistu Cemetery, str Vana Kaarli kalmistu, place K VI, 11-1. That is the Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn, sometimes called the Tallinn Military Cemetery, is one of the three cemeteries of the Tallinn City Centre Cemetery. It is situated about 3 kilometres outside the centre of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Dunkel Galina at the cemetery of Siselinna was buried on 13 August 1982; here name of Rita Krause. Maybe Rita is a daughter of Galina, and Rita Irene and Rita are the same person. Siselinna Cemetery No K VI 11/1 11/1 - Dunkel Galina on 13.08.1982 by Rita Krause. Siselinna Cemetery No K IX 4/5 buried Krauze Rita-Ireene on 21.11.1998. Dunkel, Balduin-Heinrich, captain, reg. file ERA.554.1.139 - ERA.1868.1.1361 on 16.03.1934-15.01.1935 that is Heinrich Dunkel, father of Rita Irene nee Dunkel. Victor Konstantinovich born on 20.10.1874 in Kazan, his father Konstantinovich, mother Mary Trubetskoy / Trubetskaya, was sailor, Petrograd, Alexandra b. 03.02.1877 in Petersburg, her father Nikołaj Iwanow, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya, Victor was living on 09/06/1934 in N mme. The Krauze / Krause family, Latvian-German origin, before the Second War in Latvia and Estonia: June 6, 1925 from 'Latvijas Vestnesis' / 'Latvian Herald', on actress Irma Emma Krauze from Liepaja. Johann Wilhelm Krause b. 1757 in Lower Silesia - died 1828 Tartu, Krause had studied a little of theology, drawing and architecture. Krause had been a technician in the army of Prussia, and he came to Livonia as a home teacher in 1784 of Riga, worked as an architect in Aluksne and Kizbele, Tartu thanks to his family relations: he had married the sister of the wife of the future Rector of the University. In January 1806 Krause was elected Professor Ordinary of Economics until his death in 1828. Now in Riga, Latvia: tel. 67671523, Krause Ieva, str Ozolciema 12/1. Erich Krause owner of 'Erich Krause Finland Oy' (Latvian Branch), Riga, Ziemelu 4. Krauze I., an adviser, Terbatas 14, Riga. The proposed mayoral candidate from the Union of Greens and Farmers is Armands Krauze from Riga, he also holds a Masters degree in agriculture. Krauze is a long-term Chairman of the Latvian Beekeepers association, was deputy Chairman of the Agricultural Organizations Cooperation Council, work at the Finance Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, Latvian parliament and Brussels. Dita Krauze - Assistant to the Chairman at Eligo International, Production Assistant at Tristana Media. Education - Latvian Academy of Culture, Riga State Gymnasium No. 1, born ca 1984. Otto Krause of Buenos Aires, Argentina; the engineer Otto Krause, son of German immigrants, the school was founded in 1897 and is the oldest technological school in the country.
Justina Helena Krause nee Topp 1794 - 1853, nick-name Christina Helena, birthplace: P rnu / Pernau; her mother Anna Helena Nolte / Topp / Mollin from Testamaa / T stamaa, her sons: Magnus Wilhelm Krause 1826 - 1892 and Friedrich August Krause 1821 - d.?, her daughters 1822 Dorothea Elisabeth Knoch and Carharina Helena Hanson. Marriage of Justina Helena to Johann Friedrich Krause.
Maria Ernestine Krause nee Ellmann born 1907 - d.? from Kaelase, P rnu-Jaagupi - P rnu-Jaagupi is a borough in P rnu County, Estonia, the administrative centre of Halinga Parish, ca 28 km north of Parnu - her father J ri Ellmann, her husband Johannes Krause, her son Endel Krause 1929 - 1992.

Riina vel Irina Tomson nee Krause b. 1851 - d.?, her father Mihkel Krause.
Mardi Jurri 1799 - d.? from Halinga, married to Liso voi Rina 1827 and birth of Irina / R t m. Krause. Daughter?

The von Krause family now in Estonia: Vaike-Kamari in Jogeva, 1794 in P rnu / Pernau, 1907 in Kaelase, P rnu-Jaagupi in P rnu County, Testamaa / T stamaa, Kulla in Parnu, str Parna No 5a in Parnu, and also in Tallinn, Narva and Tartu. Marriages of Krauze: Graubner, Karl Alexander b. 1859 m. Berggrun, Freiderike Marie b. 1864 in Parnu. Vorhauer m. to Eisleben, Catharina Augustina b. 1802 in Wenden, Livland, Latvia, lived in Nauk eni / NAUKSCHEN, and her daughter Vorhauer, Wilhelmine m. Krause, Alexander (father: Vorhauer, mother: Eisleben, Catharina Augustina) and children: Krause, Elli and Krause, Arved. Above locality Nauk eni is close to Rujiena and north Latvia near by Estonia border. Krause Theodor 1848 m. Christine Daugschat 1843. The Baltic German family von Krause: "They were near the town of Valmiera / Valmiery. They also have been associated with the current Kaliningrad region, with the current Yasnaya Polyana. There was a connection with von Reither: Nina von Reither the wife of Yuri Arturovich von Krause, once with De Klerk - Daniel De Klerk was married to someone from Rieter, as well as the princes Telegino. Arthur von Krause was a lawyer in Riga in the 19th century. and he had a brother Robert".

The Estonian - Belarusian branch of the Troubetzkoy family (Трубецкой и Эстония):

Nicholas Nikitich Trubeckoj  b. 1744 and d. 1821 - his son Prince Petr Nikolaevich b. 1773 and d. 1801 (his mother Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Czerkasskaja / Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Tcherkassky).

Gregory / Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Petrovich Trubecki who - settled before 1832 in the Kingdom of Poland - was born in 1802 after death of his father, and died in 1879 or 11 January 1874 

-
his brother Prince Jurij Petrovich Trubeckoj / Yuri Troubetzkoy was born 1796, died 1859 (married to Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky / Czajkowski daughter of Mikolaj Czajkowski).
His sister Anna nee Trubecki / Trubetsky / Anna Kozhoukhova born 23 December 1793 died 29 March 1827 (married to Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov / Aleksander Kozuchow or Kozuchowski son of Stefan Kozuchow or Kozuchowski).
Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Trubetsky / Gregori Trubiacki / Grzegorz Trubecki was a Prince of the Troubetzkoy family. He married M. Kalinowska

(Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow)

and they lived before 1840 in St. Petersburg.
Grigory / Grzegorz Trubecki was the son of Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy / Prince Petr Nikolaevich Troubetskoy born 18 November 1773 and died 16 November 1801 and Nadezhda Ivanovna Pestov / nee Pestova born 1793.

Next generation:
Prince Nestor Grigorievich Troubetzkoy / Nester / Nestor Grigoriewicz Trubecki, a landowner and revolutionary, international journalist and from 1901 "correspondent of Freiheit, Neues Leben, Der Anarchist, Der Freie Arbeiter, Wolny Swiat, Der Generalstreik, Der Weckruf, member of Jan Machajski’s squad
(Acc. to Marcel Duchamp:
"The anarchist period in Nestor Trubecki's life is just a compilation of Max and Siegfried Nacht biographies... there is no any book about I Proletariat, where the name Trubecki / Trubeckoy is mentioned...".
Max Nomad is the pseudonym of Austrian author and educator Max or Maximilian Nacht. Born in 1881, into a wealthy Jewish family from Buczacz, eastern Galicia, Poland. He lived in Austria. His older brother Siegfried Shlomo Nacht was born in Vienna in 1878 and died in 1956, with Senna Hoy in Z rich from 1903 to 1907 edited five volumes of the militant journal Der Weckruf / The Alarm. Siegfried, later Stephen, Nacht emigrated to the United States of America at the end of 1912, Max followed in 1913.
Max Nacht from 1902 on contributed widely to anarchist periodicals, e.g. 'Neues Leben', 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; fled arrest in August 1904 and went to Zurich, where he became an editor of 'Der Weckruf'. He become a member of Jan Machajski's group in Geneva; active in the Polish-Russian underground 1908-1909; went to the USA in 1913, where he changed his name into Max Nomad.
Shlomo Nacht was delegate for Eastern Galicia to the International Socialist Congress in Paris 1900; went to Spain in 1903; in Amsterdam in 1904; active in Bohemia where he edited 'Der Generalstreik'; 1906 expelled from Switzerland, lived in several European countries; emigrated to the USA in 1912.
See: http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/n/ARCH00915.php
Johannes Holzmann / Senna Hoy, according to Walter F hnders, a professor for German literature, he wrote a short text and published in 'Der Kampf' that was a depiction of a homosexual encounter; deported to Zurich, he worked for a newspaper 'Der Weckruf' / 'The Wake-up Call'; he decided to leave Zurich, after in Paris, and Russia where he joined an anarchist federation in Poland for several weeks, robbing rich merchants but in June 1907 he was caught and sentenced to fifteen years of hard labor; in 1913 he was in an insane asylum near Moscow and died in 1914.
Errico Malatesta born 1853 in Capua, went to Geneva, where he collaborated with Machajski and Kropotkin to 1881.
Jan Strozecki vel Janek Galecki b. 1869, from 1877 to 1887 in Kielce he was friend with Stefan Zeromski and Jan Machajski.
Details on Machajski: 1891 was leaving Warsaw to Cracow, but is arrested, expelled from Austria, he went to Zurich, in June 1892 arrested again on the border of Russia and exiled to Yakutia in Siberia, Machajski in 1903 from Irkutsk came to Geneva with
Sycia Rosa Lewin vel Wiera Machajska,
in 1905 he moved to St. Petersburg, in 1907 he fled to Galicia in Austria and from here he moved to Switzerland.
And short about above Kropotkin:
Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of Orthopedic Clinics, populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. the 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin, he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison, it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years, he died in prison at Kara, his wife Wiktoria nee Konstantynowicz / Victoria Konstantinovich daughter of John / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantinovich - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899/1900)
in Geneva", who was born and died in Poland, b. in 1832 (?) in Free City of Cracow or in 1840 (!) - died in 1907 Warsaw.

Above named Nestor Troubecki vel Nester Kalinowski in 1857 went to Vienna, in 1859 returned to Krakow, promote the Ruthenian Catholic Church, the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church and Ruthenian language; 1863 the outbreak of January Uprising and he was involved in the secret 'Prowincjonalny Litewski Komitet' in Vilnius / Wilno; Trubecki was a member of the 'Miedzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat' and a contributor of the 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; 1905 went to Warsaw in the Congress Poland and next fled arrest in April 1906 and went to Zürich and Geneva; "...lived in several European countries and returned to Congress Poland; active in the Polish-Belarusian underground resistance until his death in 1907".

Nestor Trubecki was a member of the 'International Social-Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat' - the first Polish labor party based on the assumptions of Marxism. The party was founded in 1882 in Warsaw (L. Warynski, Stanislav Kunicki, Maria Bohuszewicz, Marian Stefan Ulrych, Edmund Ploski, Tadeusz Rechniewski, Henryk Duleby, Alexandra Jentys, S. Kunicki, Alexander Debski, Kazimierz Puchewicz, Bronislaw Slawinski, Felix Kon, Strzeminski, Felsenhardt Rosalie, Joseph Razumiejczyk, Julia Razumiejczyk, Vincent Buksznis, Michael Zynda, Wladyslaw Wislocki, Theophilus Bronikowski) and the group was arrested in July 1886. Next in February 1888 until March 1893, Nestor Trubecki was a member of the 'Polish Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat' / the 'Second proletariat' (Ludwik Kulczycki, Marcin Kasprzak, Adam Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Anielewski, Napoleon Zelcer, Stanislaw Kassjusz, Stanislaw Mendelson, Maria Jankowska-Mendelson, Alexander Debski); in 1893 other members of the Proletariat II entered among others things the Polish Socialist Party of Jozef Pilsudski.
Mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski:

countess Maria Kalinowska.
Probably she was born after 1805 - ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski. The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below: mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Czeliszczew; father Josif / Jozef / Osip Kalinowski b. after 1780 ? and died 1825. Grandfather Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759 and grandmother Elzbieta Bielska from Olbrachcice b. ca 1760.

The Kalinowski family in 1818 under the Austrian Empire acc. to Okolovich taken the count title with the Kalinowa coat of arms, given on 17 August 1818 by Franciszek I / Francis emperor of Austria. The first with this title was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski from the Volhynia and Ukraine branch of the Kalinowski / Kalinovsky family. Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:
Josef / Osip Kalinowski general of Polish Army, b. ca after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790, Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 and Justyna Kalinowska m. Russocka b. 1790 d. 1876. Above Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 had son Władyslaw Kalinowski
(J zef Kalinowski b. 01 Sept. 1835 in Vilnius / Wilno, his father Andrzej Kalinowski b. 10 Dec. 1805 or January 10, 1805 in Grodno and died in Hrozow 1878 (Trokiele), the Wilno Uniw.; his grandfather Jerzy Kalinowski b. ca 1780 or 1773 by wife Dorota Kulakowska - Kosciesza / Rosciesza; great-grandfather Krzysztof Kalinowski - b. ca 1750.
See also: http://elonka.com/family/saint/genealogy.html by Elonka Dunin: elonka@aol.com from St. Louis, Missouri, USA and http://www.sejm-wielki.pl/b/sw.65063).
Ancestors: Ignacy Kalinowski from Wielka Kamionka born ca 1720 died 1782 and Justyna Borzecka born (ca 1710 is error date) ca 1735. Kamionka Wielka is situated in south east Poland.
Above named caunt Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759; his father Ignacy Kalinowski ca 1720 died 1782 and his mother Justyna nee Borzecka ca 1735 (1710 it's error) - Justyna was daughter of Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) and Ludwika Marianna Pociej (ca 1715), and married ca 1765 to Ignacy Kalinowski, she died after 1780?. The father of above Ludwika Marianna Pociej - Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.
A brother of above Justyna nee Borzecka: Aleksander Maciej Borzecki in 1773 made agreement with Ignacy Kalinowski on a will and testament of Emerencjanna Warszycki who was married first to Pociej, and she was great-grandmother of Ignacy Kalinowski, acc. to: http://www.redbor.pl/.
Above Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army, his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.
Jozef / Osip Kalinowski's (was born ca 1780) brothers and sisters: Justyna Kalinowska b. 1790 married to Jozef Tomasz Russocki, and Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831.
Grandfather of Olga, Jozefina and Seweryna:
Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
Grandson of Seweryna nee Kalinowska: Mikolaj Plautin / Николай Сергеевич Плаутин b. 1868 and married to Maria Michajlowna Rajewska 1872 - 30 December 1942; her mother:
Marija Grigorievna nee Gagarin - her sister Anastazja Grigorievna nee Gagarin b. 1853 died 1876 married to Piotr Michajlovich Orlov Denisov born 1852 who was son of Michail Vasilievich Orlov Denisov born 1823, who was brother of Nadiezda married Katenin. Grandfather of above Marija nee Rajewskaja: Mikolaj Mikolajevich Rajevskij Younger from the Kiev government, Moscow and St Petersburg b. 14 September 1801; and the second grandfather of above Maria nee Rajewska: Grigorij Grigorievich Gagarin b. 1810 d. 1893.
Children of count Jozef Kalinowski:
Seweryna b. 1814 d. 1852, Jozefina married Oginska, born 1816 and died 1844 and also Olga born 1822 died 7 April 1899 in Retow (Bohdan Michal Oginski duke b. 1848, married on 28 Apr. 1877 to Gabriela Maria Potulicki in Cracow, died on 25 March 1909 in Retow in the Rosienie district in Lithuania now / Zmudz, owner of Retow and Zalesie that is Retowo or Rietavas, 25 km from Plungian; 1775 to Ksawery Oginski. In 1863 here died Ireneusz Oginski and in 1892 the first telephones in Lithuania). Probably M. Kalinowska (Maria) married Troubetzkoy was sister of above Seweryna, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course!

 Above countess Olga / Ольга Осиповна Калиновская born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński  b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus in 1844 and her son: Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki. Above Ireneusz Oginski, duke, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie; Bogdan Ogiński died on 25. 03. 1909.
Sister of Olga: Jozefina Kalinowska born 1816,  was also married to duke Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński who was born 1808.
And Северина Иосифовна Калиновская / Seweryna Kalinowski b. 1814 d. 1852 was married to Mikolaj Plautyn / Плаутин b. 1794 or 1796 d. 24 December 1866, son of Fiodor Sergiejewicz Plautyn / Plautin died 1807? Nikolai Fedorovich Plautin was an outstanding military leader and statesman of the Russian Empire, General of Cavalry 1856, Adjutant General 1849, a member of the State Council in 1862.

Above Emilia Potocka married first to Kalinowski and second time to Czeliszczew, was born 1790 and her parents: Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 and mother Marianna Lubomirska (Zubow, Potocki, Uwarow) born 1773 or Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810.

The Chelishchev family (Czeliszczew / Tchelischev):
Ольга Васильевна Константинович / Olga Vasilievna Konstantinovich was living in Pskov, str Kalinin, No 15/11, Apt. 1. Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich / Olga Tchelischev daughter of Vasilij Chelishchev and she was married to Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875. Olga b. ca 1875, her son Lew Lwowicz Konstantynowicz born 1900. Above named Vasilij Chelishchev was born ca 1840 / 1850.

And mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski: countess Maria Kalinowska. Probably she was born (after 1805) ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski.

The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below: mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Chelishchev / Czeliszczew. According to statements the Church of the Holy Trinity was built in 1740 by Major Joann Chelishchev / Ivan Sergeyevich Chelischev at his own expense. In 1840, the Holy Trinity Church (Novo-Troitsk) was assigned to a Church which is 4 miles away in Piesna. A detailed description of the temple, published in the 'Pskov diocese statements' for 1896.

About von Rebinder / Rehbinder / Ребиндер family from Estonia:
In Estonia in 1820, Count Carl Friedrich von Rebinder / Rehbinder / Ребиндер in the garden of his estate on the banks of the river Saku opened small brewery; since that time, local brewers use spring water, the best in Estonia and in the Baltic countries. Gustav Kustas Steinberg b. on March 2, 1850 (Bedrich Urban's next of kin) in ksnurme - ksnurme is a village in Saku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, close to Tallinn, ksnurme is 2 km south - west from Saku; Saku / Саку in Эстляндия, is 12 km south of Nomme, and 16 km from Tallinn. Saku is a small borough in Harju County, Estonia.

Note on Saku, Uksnurme and landlords of this estates.
ksnurme, in German Uxnorm, was founded in 1630. Heinrich Hastfer was owner. In 1795 it manor was acquired by Karl von Gernet. In 1846 - Julius von Ramm, in 1853 Dietrich von der Pahlen possession. A main building was erected in 1860. In 1882 this estate passed to the neighboring estate owners from Saku.
Major Karl Gustav von Gernet was died on 31.12.1812 and was living here and also Gustav Georg von Gernet / Georg Gustav von Gernet adjoined a land called Musa (mõis = manor, поместье) to ksnurme
(b. on April 13, 1780; d. on October 10, 1846 in Reval; his children: Karl August von Gernet and Ernst Julius von Gernet; his brothers: Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet, Karl Johann von Gernet, Alexander August von Gernet and sister - Helena von Gernet b. and d. 1779; his father - Karl Gustav von Gernet or Carl Gustav von Gernet b. on December 28, 1747 in Waikna / Vaikna and died on December 31, 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola has wife Louise Christine von Rehbinder / Luise Christine von Rehbinder b. circa 1764 and d. on March 24, 1827 in Narwa / Narva; she has four husbands: Wilhelm Dro mann, Otto von Rehbinder, Georg Gustav von Ditmar and Carl Gustav von Gernet; her father - Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, b. circa 1706 and d. on June 17, 1775 in Arensburg / Kuressaare in Saaremaa and her grand-father acc. to Reet Laherand: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. ? died ca. 1745 and her grand-mother Anna Elisabeth nee von Poorten, d. 1720).
Karl Friedrich Rehbinder sells the Saku estate belonging to the Musa farm for hands of Karl von Gernetile, a price 3,000 silver rubles
(Count Karl Friedrich von Rehbinder b. November 10, 1764 in Saue and died on November 18, 1841 in Saue, was a Baltic German origin, Saku, Saue, Rahula and J lgim e landlord. He founded his own beer Saku house, which was Saku Brewery. His father Otto Magnus von Rehbinder (1727 to 1792) and grand-father Gustav Magnus von Rehbinder (1673 - 1734); his father belonged Udriku, Imastu, Polli, Saku, Liigvalla estates. Count Rehbinder married in 1786 to Countess van Nassau-La Lecq; marital born: Count Otto Albrecht Friedrich von Rehbinder on December 14, 1786 in Tallinn and died on 25 January 1813 in J lgim e - J lgim e, he was Saue and Rahula landlord; second child Count Paul Eduard von Rehbinder 1794 Saue - 1870 Tallinn - Saku, Saue and Riidaku landlord; third Count Gustav Konstantin von Rehbinder on 1795 Saue d. 12 December 1822 J lgim e, the landlord of J lgim e; Count Carl August von Rehbinder Jacob 1797 - 1799; Countess Karoline Luise von Rehbinder b. 1802 in Saue and m. to Count Carl Theodor von Manteuffeleliga.
Above named Saue is a town in north-western Estonia in Harju County, to Tallinn 18 km, Keila 7 km, Saku 7 km; above named Riidaku, east of Haapsalu in Raikk la Parish - south-west-south of Tallinn; above Udriku and Imastu are close to Rakvere and Liigvalla near by Rakvere; Polli - 23 km south of Viljandi).

Assessor Johann Georg von Hastfer pledges the ksnurme estate for 35,000 silver rubles to Karl Gottlieb von Gernetile; on 14 April 1808 was signed an agreement. The main building has survived to this day.

Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder (b. ? - died ca 1745), his sons: Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, Magnus Gustav von Rehbinder, Friedrich von Rehbinder, Karl Mathias von Rehbinder, Gustav Johann von Rehbinder and Berend Wilhelm von Rehbinder. His daughter - Barbara Helene von Gernet - died January 14, 1803 in Lehhola / Lehola, Harjumaa, Estonia. Her son Carl Gustav von Gernet 1747 - 1812. Above Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder b. ca 1706 - 1775.
Alexander Rehbinder or Rebinder b. 1826 d. 1913, his children: Nikolai Rehbinder or Rebinder b. 1863 d. March 22, 1918, Alexey Rebinder b. 1865 d. 1932, Alexander Rebinder b. 1869 and d. on March 22, 1918 and next Maria Rebinder Mansurov b. 1874.

Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. 

Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900. 

Acc. to: 'Tales from the Family Tree - The Tale of the Italian-blooded Russian Prince' by Iwo Załuski:
Prince Ireneusz Ogiński was born in Zalesie, half way between Vilnius and Minsk, near the town of Smorgon.
His father was Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński, with his Italian wife, Princess Maria, nee Neri.

The Ogińskis had three daughters, Amelia, Emma and Ida. Ireneusz, the only boy, was their second child. He was born in 1808. Princess Maria and Michał Kleofas Ogiński, in Venice began to take lovers. In 1841 Ireneusz was thrown into jail, may well have had something to do with the 'Kalinowska Affair' a few years later.
Sometime around the late 1830s (acc. to me not late 1820s), Ireneusz married Countess Jozefina Kalinowska, whose sister, Countess Olga happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father. In 1848 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. The following year Prince Michał was born under perfectly normal circumstances to Ireneusz and Olga. Prince Ireneusz Ogiński died in 1863. 
In Vilnius, the capital of Russian Lithuania, was living Countess Maria Nagurska. She was born Maria Neri in Venice in 1777. Early in 1796 Maria watched young veterans included the already legendary piano-playing warrior Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński, who - under Tadeusz Kosciuszko - leading his units in Northern Lithuania against the Russians.

Among Michał Kleofas’ Oginski fellow veterans were Count Kajetan Nagurski, and Tadeusz Wysogierd. They were close friends with Maria Neri but Kajetan Nagurski took Maria back with him to Warsaw, now the Prussian city of Warschau, where  Apolinary Morawski became lover behind Kajetan’s back, but Maria began to be seen in the company of  Count Ludwik Pac, whose father, Count Michal Pac, owned Jezno, one of the finest palaces in Lithuania.

Maria Neri returned to Vilnius, and after to Florence.

In 1801, Countess Maria Nagurska caught the attention of General Bennigsen. General Count Levin August von Bennigsen was born in Brunswick in 1745, but was promoted to the position of Governor of Vilnius and he met Countess Nagurska.

Meanwhile, Michał Kleofas Ogiński  was living with his wife Izabela and two sons, Tadeusz and Xavier at his wife’s family’s estate at Brzeziny, to the south west of Warsaw. The new Tsar Alexander, offered him an unconditional amnesty and  Michał Kleofas, whose marriage to Izabela had just ended in divorce, accepted the amnesty, and returned to Lithuania to live in Vilnius, where, he again came across Maria Nagurska / Maria Neri, the mistress of Governor Bennigsen.

Michał Kleofas Oginski married her in 1804, and settled at his estate at Zalesie, close to the town of Smorgon, half way between Vilnius and Minsk.

Their four children: Amelia, born on December 10, 1803, who later became Countess Zaluska, conceived with Ogiński, but every one of his daughters - Emma and Ida, born in 1805 and 1813 had a different father; her son Ireneusz Oginski, born in 1807 or 1808 was conceived of the singer Giuseppe Paliani who was music tutor to the Ogiński girls.


The children of Karol and Amelia Załuska - nine surviving children, the eldest, Michał who, with his wife Lena ran Iwonicz, to the youngest, Franciszka, known as Fanny. 
Michał Kleofas Oginski b. 1765, his father Andrzej Ignacy Oginski with wife Paula Szembek (Paula nee Szembek from Slupowo married Jan Prosper Potocki; her father Marek Szembek born 1712 died 1744, and her grandfather Antoni Felicjan Szembek. Paula Szembek was born ca 1738? died 1797. Her children: Celestyn Lubienski b. 1758 d. 1848 with 1st husband Feliks Walezjusz Lubienski, Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 d. 1801, Jozefa Oginska [b. 1763 with husband Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1739 d. 1787], Michał Kleofas Oginski b. 7 October 1765 died 15 October 1833. Protazy / Prot Antoni Potocki born 1761 - died 1801 married Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810 with daughter Emilia Potocka born ca 1790.

Above Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1739 d. 1787 [Andrzej Ignacy Joachim Jozef Adam]). His children: Tomasz Antoni Oginski, Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski, Franciszek Ksawery Oginski, Amelia Zaluska, Ida Oginska married Piottuch Kublicka, Emma Ogińska.
Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1740, his father Tadeusz Ogiński and grandfather Marcin Oginski.
Izabela Oginska b. 1711 d. 1761, her father Michal Radziwill, her husband Tadeusz Franciszek Oginski b. 1712 d. 1783, his line from Marcin, Szymon and Samuel Oginski.

Above Ida Oginska born in 1813 (ca 1800 ?) and married to  Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki from Kublicze.

Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki's brothers and sisters:
Emilia Piottuch-Kublicka m. Wincenty Smokowski, Stanisław ca 1804, Anna Piottuch-Kublicka 1809-1885 m. Józef Benislawski ca 1790-1852, Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka m. Wladyslaw Jozef Sołtan 1795-1843, Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka born ca 1810 m. first Jozef Szumski b. ca 1800 and second to Dominik Konstantynowicz born (after 1800) ca 1805.

The family of Weis / Weiss:
Neighbour of count Albert von Gern / Gernet / Гернет / Гернеты at I. Lidvall / Lidval house in 1912 - 1916 in St Petersburg: M. Weiss, the daughter of Vice Admiral Weiss, Alexander Konstantinovich; he was born 1870, was Rear-admiral on 12 June 1916; he graduated from the Maritime School; commanded a torpedo boat and destroyers; after the October Revolution in the service of the Reds. Chief of Staff of the Red Baltic Fleet to 1919. Arrested in 1931, 1933 and 1935 exiled to Orenburg. His father probably: Weiss, Konstantin. He was born on August 5, 1839 in Tsarskoye Selo, came from the nobility of the province of Estonia / Эстония. May 14, 1896 was promoted to lieutenant general. June 6, 1907 Weiss was promoted to General of Infantry. General Weiss was living in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) in 1917 at Nicholas Road, 59 where he died August 22, 1917. And next of kin Konstantin von Weiss born July 29, 1877 in Tsarskoye Selo, died in Augsburg; during the Civil War, the commander of the Baltic Battalion of the Estonian Army. Baltic Regiment was formed in early 1919 in Estonia of the volunteers - Baltic Germans and since the spring of 1919 worked with the North-Western Army. October 1919 was part of 3rd Infantry Division, then worked as a part of the 1st Army.

Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr  Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia
and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy (1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid). Husband of above named Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina: Sergey Trubetskoy / Сергей Васильевич Трубецкой (1815 - 1859) son of Vassili Sergejevich Fürst Trubetskoy ('Vasily', born April 3, 1776 and died February 22, 1841; general of cavalry, member of the State Council). The same Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene (above Ольга Осиповна Калиновская was born 1818 or 1822 and was married in 1844 to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus; she was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska; Michael-Bogdan Ogiński married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki; Bogdan Ogiński died on 25 March 1909). The following year Prince Michał Oginski was born under perfectly normal circumstances to Ireneusz Oginski and Olga nee Kalinowski (her sister Countess Jozefina Kalinowska married Ireneusz Oginski, too). Prince Ireneusz Ogiński died in 1863, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.

Above Vasily Troubetzkoy, general of cavalry, member of the State Council, born 1776 and died 22.2.1841. His relatives: de Voisins, Gilbert, de Rohan-Rochefort, Manfredi, de Beauregard, Mussin-Pushkin, de Morny, Silva-Bazan. His granddaughter Margarita, b. 14.10.1857, married 14.11.1881 to Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard who died 1.6.1911. Next granddaughters: Maria, b. 7.12.1886 and by Vladimir, b. 1824, his daughter Maria, born 12.5.1857, died 1933, m. 29.6.1880 and div. with Aleksej Yakovlevich Voropanov.

Otrebusy, a village in the Congress Poland, close to Brwinow; before 1900 this estate - Folwark El biet wka, Popowek - was sold (Borman, Knoff, Szolc). Otrebusy south-east of Brwinow, 4 km and Kanie village is north-east of Otrebusy 1,5 km.

On a maps of Herman Karol de Perthees of 1783 and 1786 we have got Otrebusy and also a map of 1803: it's data on the Oginski family (relatives of the Kalinowski family, Count) and Sulinski under the German rule, acc. to Prof. Marian Prokopek.

Acc. to 'genealogia.okiem.pl/soltan':
Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, died in 1836 Mitawa, general, wifes:
Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802 from parents Stanislaw Radziwill and Karolina Pociej,
and second wife since 1820 was Konstancja Toplicka-Tupalska Korsak from father Antoni.

His children below: 1. Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780 married Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki.
2. Stanislaw Soltan, 1822 - died 1897 in Anninsk, from Brzostowica Murowana in the Hrodna goverment, with wifes: Maria Dunin-Jundzill b. 1827 and Albertyna Dunin-Jundzill, b. 1837 (brothers and sisters of above Stanislaw Soltan: 3. Helena Soltan b. 1790 m. to Franciszek Soltan b. 1780,
4. Adam Leon Ludwik So tan, born 1792 in Warsaw,
and 5. Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 ? / 1790 m. to Antoni Wankowicz b. ca 1760).

Children of Stanislaw Soltan b. 1822:

1. Bogdan Wiktor Soltan 1861 - 1912 married to Maria Franciszka Soltan b. 1863 (his brothers and sisters: 2. Emilia Soltan Korsak, b. 1847 d. 1908, 3. Stanislaw Soltan, 1848 - 1850, 4. Helena Soltan 1849 - 1852, 5. Adam Soltan 1851 - 1902 Brzostownica Murowana, 6. Wiktor W adyslaw Rudolf Pereswit-Soltan, 1853 - d. 1905 Warsaw, owner of Kraszuty)
and his daughter - Maria Emilia Soltan b. 1889 Aninsk and died 1963 m. Zdzis aw Henryk Grocholski - her daughter Maria Grocholska b. 1911 Pietniczany and died in 1940 Otrebusy.

Acc. to 'www.bkpan.poznan.pl/biblioteka':
"...Grodno ... 15 October 1793 ... Krzywkowski v. W. Oginski ex-General of Lithuania, ... Gasowski ... 'otrzymal z wyznaczeniem komisyi do rozsadzenia granic folwarku swego Otrebusy zwanego, w ziemi warszawskiej lezacego, z folwarkiem W. Oginskiego ... okolica tegoz imienia graniczacego, ... Gasowski przeciwnie w odpowiedzi swojej dowodzi, ze majac swoj majatek w cudzych rekach, a nie mogac go dojsc dla przemocy, u Konfederacyi Generalnej Koronnej wyjednal sobie sancitum, przez ktore nie uchylenia jakiego prawa lub uciazliwego dla W. Oginskiego Ex-Hetmana praejudicatum zada, lecz sadu, a to koncem przyspieszenia ukrzywdzonemu sprawiedliwosci: i ze tego sadu ktory sie sklada z sasiadow osiadlych, lekac sie W. Oginski nie powinien... 1793 ...sprawa takowa do przyzwoitego sadu odeslana byc ma'."
Above named Oginski that is Michal Kazimierz Oginski, duke, b. 1728 or 1730 / 1731 died 1800 in Slonim or Warsaw; General, cousin of Andrzej Ignacy Oginski - freemason, and father (?) of Michal Kleofas Oginski - freemason.

But acc. to me: Michal Kleofas Oginski b. 1765 has different father, that is Andrzej Ignacy Oginski with wife Paula Szembek.
Ogiński, owner of the Helenow palace, Otrębusy, Komor w, Helenow and Opacz, was born as Micha Kleofas Ogiski in Guz w close to Zyrardow on 7 October 1765 and died 1833, was a Polish and later Russian statesman, a Polish insurrectionary and composer, his father Andrzej Oginski was governor of Trakai, in Lithuania; his mother, Paulina nee Szembek. When the Russians occupied Vilnius, he moved to Warsaw; he swore allegiance to Tsar Alexander I of Russia and settled in Zalesie village, Ashmyany region, in present-day Belarus and later Helenow close to Otrebusy and Pruszkow. In 1755 - Michal Kazimierz Oginski b. 1728 - d. 1800, was owner of Helenow and Otrebusy, to his death in 1800, next owner of Otrebusy (and Helenow): Michal Kleofas Ogiski to his death in 1833, and after the Oginski family Helenow in ca 1800 to hands of Tadeusz Ostrowski (ca 1800 to 1817 Tomasz Adam Ostrowski, 1833-1855 Wincenty Arkuszewski, after him Stanislaw Potocki and Jakub Ksawery Potocki).
Please look at details on this website!


Now we back to the Estonian-Polish branch of the Troubetzkoy family (Трубецкой и Эстония) and about Nestor Troubetzkoy. His father Grigory Troubetzkoy b. 1802 and died 11 January 1874, grandfather Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy b. 18 November 1773 - died 16 November 1801. Brother of Grigory: Yuri Troubetzkoy b. 1796 - d. 1859, sister Anna Kozhoukhova / Kozuchowska / Kozuchow born 23 December 1793 - 29 March 1827. Pawel son of Nestor Trubecki had three brothers: Herasim Trubecki, a scientist; second - an oil magnate and a chemist in Baku whose name is not known; third - a captain of the icebreaker 'Yermak', whose name is not known; and two sisters, whose names are not known! As you can see, the Estonian branch of the family Trubecki has huge gaps in accurate information about the generations, dates of births, names of children, especially in the period from about 1830 to about 1880. It's this period that I was particularly interested!
Children of a landowner and revolutionary Nestor Trubecki / Nester Troubetzkoy or Kalinowski / Trubeckoj born 1832 or 1840 in Cracow and died in Cracow or in Warsaw, Congress Poland in 1907:

1. professor Nestorovich Paul Troubetskoy / Павел Трубецкой / Pavel Trubecki son of Nestor / Pawel Trubecki (TROUBETZKOY, was born in Congress Poland 1879); with title of Prince; died in 1941 in Tallinn; in Orsza, Belarus, 1903 was married to Maria Makeiewna Dobrzinska (Maria daughter of Maciej Dobrzynski born in Orsza on August the 1st or 8th, 1887 and died in Tallinn on 22 March 1974).
Pavel Trubecki was a member of the Polish Socialist Party of Józef Pilsudski, "was a partisan of Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz, a member of The Special Unit of Belarusian People's Republic in Estonia (Asobny Atrad BNR in Estonia) and veteran of Estonian War of Independence. By 1905 Jozef Pilsudski's party, the Polish Socialist Party, of which Pawel Trubecki was a member, was the largest socialist party in the entire Russian Empire. Failing in his purpose, Trubecki left Congress Poland in 1906, and moved to Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia). (Pawel Trubecki / Pavel Trubiacki / Paul Troubetzkoy moved from Orsha / Orsza to Tallinn in 1906, at the end of this year probably - but all his family to 1908) In 1906, as a stable government was re-established in the province, a Neo-Romantic literary movement 'Young Estonia' (Noor-Eesti) took hold there. Pawel Trubecki got the Nansen passport".

His children:
Jan Michal / Ivan Mihkel Trubecki / Pavlovich Troubetzkoy born in Orsza 1906, died in Tallinn 1971 with wife Alma Koidu;
second - Anjuta Pavlovna Gorbachev / Gorbaczow b. Tallinn in 1908, died Tallinn 2004 with husband A. Gorbachev, proprietor of houses in Tallinn;
third Aleksander Trubetskoi / Alexander Pavlovich Troubetzkoy b. Tallinn 1913, d. 1941 with wife Linda;
fourth (see also below) - Wladymir / Vladimir Trubetsky / Wladimir Trubetskoi / Vladimir Waloc Troubetzkoy, b.  5.10.1915, d.  22.4.1997 with wife Gerda Tiksmann and second wife 1935 Lydia Maripuu born Dundaga 1915, died in Muuga Aedlinn 1990 
(Muuga aedlinn - Muuga garden city is area in the western part of the town of Maardu, Estonia; it's located just east of Tallinn's Pirita district and Maardu is a town and a municipality in Harju County, Estonia and it is part of the east Tallinn metropolitan area; Nomme is south-west part of Tallinn):
his child - Jan Trubecki / Jaan Trubetsky, born in Tallinn on 29.12.1938 and his children with Leili Rikk: Tonu Trubetsky (+ Anu Klyszejko) and Toomas Trubetsky and also with Dagmar: Tonis Trubetski and Toivo Trubetski. Above named Vladimir Trubetskoy was a member of the Polish Home Army born 1915 died 1997 and his son was Jan Trubetskoy born 1938. 

2. Gerasim / Herasim Trubecki / Gerasimos vel Gerasim Nestorovich Trubecki, doctor, born 1866 / 1870 / 1880 or after 1870 and died in Paris; scientist.

3. four (5?) unknown:
an unknown oil magnate in Baku who was born ca 1870s and died ca April 28, 1920 in Baku; he was chemist in oil industry in Bakou;
the second unknown, captain of the soviet icebreaker 'Yermak' / Ermak,
and two (or three) unknown daughters.

But we have two different trees in the genealogy of the Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy family;
1. according to N. Ikonnikov and Miroslav Marek, Sept. 2007: Great-grandfather of Pavel Troubetzkoy: Pyotr Troubetzkoy, b. 18 Nov. 1773, d. 16 Nov. 1801, m. Nadejda Ivanovna Pestova [his father: Nikolay born 1744]. Grandfather of Pavel: Grigory b. 1802, d. 11 January 1874. His sister Anna b. 1793, d. 1827, m. Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov, brother: Yuri b. 1796, d. 1859, m. Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky. Father of Pavel: Nestor Troubetzkoy / Nester Trubiacki / Trubecki, born ca 1832, died ca 1907. Pavel Troubetzkoy born 1866, died 1941; married to Maria Kalinowska born ca 01 August 1892, died ca 1972. His children: Vladimir Waloc b. 05 October 1915, died 22 April 1997, married Gerda Tiksman and second m. to Lydia Maripuu b. 25 Jan. 1915 d. 25 April 1990; Ivan Mihkel; Alexandr and Anastasia married NN Gorbatchev. Children of Vladimir Waloc: Jaan b. 29 Dec. 1938 married Leili Rikk born 10 Nov. 1937: Erich and Isabella born 20 July 1956 m. NN Hitzel. Children of Jaan: Toivo, Tonis, Tonu vel Tony Blackplait, m. Anu Klyszeyko, 2 m. Maret Parnamets, 3 m. Margit Roosileht; and Toomas born 22 Dec. 1967; Children of Tonu: Reginleif  b. 1989, Tonu born 1990, Madeleine Angelique b. 1993; and
2. Nestor Trubecki has
wife M. Kalinowska / Maria Kalinovsky.
Never any inf. about his next of kin - Maria Trubeckoi / Duchess Maria Troubetzkoy / Mary Trubecki born 1835 / 1850 or information that Maria Trubecki was born in the next generation for example circa 1850 / 1853.

But genealogical research are directed to show that

Nestor Troubetzkoy (with nickname Nester Kalinowski) had a sister Maria. His sister's name would be given by the mother Maria of the Kalinowski house: Mary Kalinowski who had affinities with family of Oginski; in turn, this family was associated with the Radziwills and then with the Konstantynowiczs in Miezonki.

Duchess Maria Troubeckoy probably born about 1840, married Konstantinovich - genealogical research go towards demonstrating that her husband's name was Vasily / Wasyl; Wasilij or Vasily Konstantynowicz was born about 1840.

Therefore, we have strong links between the 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zaporozhya / Zaporoze / Alexandrovsk and with Estonia, including Tallinn, Viljandi and Parnu. These relations also apply Miezonki, Lodz, the secret Pilsudski movement (Andrzejak, Wankowicz, Trubecki) in Belarus and Estonia and the smuggling of weapons from Russia to Galicia by (Spychalski, Andrzejak) Lodz.

Two families: Kalinowski and Paszkowski, has a lot connections. Count Joseph Kalinowski fought in the Polish Legions, among others between 1806 and 1807 - Silesia, Westphalia, etc. Similarly, the colonel and then general Franciszek Paszkowski. Both participated in the Napoleonic wars, years 1812-1813. Returned to the country in 1814. Then Paszkowski, and Kalinowski, have made a Free City of Krakow (ca 1819) and established families. Their children were born just after 1816. Both have completed military service in the rank of general. Both family came from south of the former Poland, after in the Russian zone, and also in the Austrian partition, but had a relationships with families living in Russia.

Note about the Piottuch - Kublicki family: 

 Ferdynand Piottuch - Kublicki, who was an activist of 1863 in the East Belarus, was friend of Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski from the Vicebsk region and also Walerjan Weryho / Valerian Veryho (he was owner of the Stajki estate - South of Vicebsk, close to the Dymanowo station, where Russian police on 22nd April 1863 attempted to arrest him). Above Ferdynand  Piottuch - Kublicki was neighbour of Wasilewski and relation of Staniewicz; he and duke Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski / Weryho stayed in Vicebsk in 1862 and in Stajki 1863. Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski was familiar to: Moniuszko, Odyniec, Syrokomla and with Aleksander Chodecki in Mohylew (Mahileu or Mogiliow) in 1859.
Lady Augusta Soltan, b. around 1750 was married to Eliasz / Elijah Kublicki Piottuch from Kublicze, and was living in Livonia. The next generation: 

1. Elizabeth Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicze, b. approximately 1790 married Benedict Wawrzecki, Marshal of Braslav and second husband Krutz; 

2. Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicz, about 1800 m. Soltan Carolina born ca 1780; child: 

Valentina Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicz, b. ca 1800 and m. Wladyslaw Jozef Soltan was born 1795, d. 1843 (mother Josepha Benislawska), her child 

Soltan Octavia, b. in Prezma / Pryzma / Presman 1830, died on August 15, 1871 in Kazan (or Razan ?), she was married in 1849 to Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan / Hieronim S. V. Soltan born 1824, died in 1900, landowner, member of the January Uprising.
Above named Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan was born 1824 in Uzukrewno (his mother's estate) and died on March 15, 1900 in Prezma, now Latvia; son of Stanislaus Soltan (collaborator of the Constitution of 3 May, imprisoned in Smolensk in the 1794-1796, the President of the Provisional Government of Lithuania in 1812, d. Mitawa 1836) and Constance Toplicki / Konstancja Toplicka, a high school in Mitawa in 1835-1842 Courland, his parents after confiscating the 'Zdzieciol' estate (in the Slonim area and mentioned by Mr. Tadeusz Mickiewicz) moved house on the Livonia area, he was the insurgent in 1863, exiled to Ufa, interned in Riga. Study at the University of St. Petersburg in 1843-1844, married in 1849, with a relative of his, Oktawia nee Soltan, daughter of Joseph and Valentina, and settled in the estate of his wife, Pryzma in Polish Livonia. In 1858 - 1859 he traveled abroad, where he conferred with Adam Czartoryski and Witold Czartoryski and Count Zamoyski on the current state of Lithuania and Belarus. He was against armed Insurrection. When the uprising broken out, Soltan, unable to stop it, joined to the Insurrection in the Livonia province and after Soltan was arrested in Vitebsk on June 5th, 1863. He was exiled to Ufa on August 18, 1863, and remained there until 1866. Then he was interned in Riga 1872 - 1875, was allowed to return in 1875 to assets of his wife in Polish Livonia, where he died in September 1900 in Prezma / Presman near to Malta in Inflanty / Lettgallen / Livonia, the Rēzeknes Rajons - 18 km south west from Rezekne acc. to http://exonyme.bplaced.net/Board/Thread-Lettgallen. The von der Borch family from Prele / Preili/ Priji near to Dyneburg and from Wyping in the Rzezyce / Rezekne district was owner of the Prezma estate before 1714. Above named Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan moved in 1891 to Riga, where he many years honorably served as President of the Charitable Society. 

Now we back to the Piottuch Kublicki family:
Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicz, about 1800 m. Soltan Carolina born ca 1780; children: 

Valentina Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicz, b. ca 1800 and m. Wladyslaw Jozef Soltan was born 1795, d. 1843; 

Stanislaw Piottuch-Kublicki, 

Octavia Piottuch-Kublicka m. Joseph Szumski and second time to Dominik Konstantynowicz, 

Anna Piottuch-Kublicka m. Joseph Benisławski, 

Emilia Kublicka m. Vincent Smokowski, 

Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki m. Ida Oginska.
Some details:
Oktawia Soltan, born 1830, died on 15.8.1871 in Kazan, married to (1849) Władyslaw Hieronim Samuel Soltan, b. 1824, d. 1900. Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki married Ida Oginski. Karol Piottuch-Kublicki, b. ca 1850 m. Zofia Eysymont, b. ca 1840 - her parents: Oktawiusz and Helena Soltan. Stanislaw Soltan, born on 27.8.1756, d. 1836 in Mitawa, m. Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802, her father Stanislaw, mother Karolina Pociej from Zdzieciol. Second time married ca 1820 to Konstancja Toplicki-Tupalski Korsak.
Parents of above named Ida Oginski: Michal Kleofas Oginski 1765-1833 and Maria Neri 1778-1851. Grandparents of Ida Oginski: Andrzej Ignacy Oginski 1739-1787 and Paula Szembek. Husband of Ida Oginski: Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki. Son of Ida Oginski: Karol Piottuch-Kublicki born ca 1850.
Franciszka Teofila Radziwill died 1802 m. Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756 d. 1836, his father Станіслав Солтан Stanislaw Soltan born 1698 d. 1758.

Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, d. Mitawa 1836, General, the President of the Commission of the Provisional Government of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1812. He married two times: 

Franciszka Teofila / Francis Theophilus Radziwill died 1802, her father Stanislaw Radziwill and mother Pociej Carolina, she brought to the family Soltan an estate Zdzięcioł / Zdzieciol. Second time to: 

Konstancja Toplicka - Tupalska voto Korsak in 1820 that is Constance Tupalska Toplicka - Korsak, her father Anthony. Daughters among others: Soltan Carolina b. about 1780 + Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki married ca 1800; Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 + Anthony Wankowicz b. ca 1760 - children Valerie Wankowicz, about 1800 + Constantine Tyzenhauz, Wanda Wankowicz, about 1800 + Benedict Tyszkiewicz, Clementine Wankowicz m. Mostowski.
And the next person:
Franz-Felix Kublitsky Piottukh / Franz Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piottukh / Franciszek Piottuch-Kublicki, Russian Lieutenant General; 1860 - 1920, a relative of the poet Alexander Alexandrovich Blok/ Bloc b. in St. Petersburg; Blok's mother - the daughter of the rector of St. Petersburg University, shortly after the birth of Alexander, left her husband, lawyer in Warsaw and in 1889 married a second time to the officer of the Guards F. F. Kublitski Piottuch, Catholic, in service entered September 1, 1876. In 1918-1920 he lived with his wife in St. Petersburg.
Acc. to 'genealogia.okiem.pl/soltan':
Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, died in 1836 Mitawa, general, wifes: Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802 from Stanislaw Radziwill and Karolina Pociej, and second wife since 1820 was Konstancja Toplicka-Tupalska Korsak from Antoni.
His children below: Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780 married Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki.
Stanislaw Soltan, 1822 - died 1897 in Anninsk, from Brzostowica Murowana in the Hrodna goverment, with wifes: Maria Dunin-Jundzill b. 1827 and Albertyna Dunin-Jundzill, b. 1837 (brothers and sisters of above Stanislaw Soltan: Helena Soltan b. 1790 m. to Franciszek Soltan b. 1780,
Adam Leon Ludwik So tan, born 1792 in Warsaw,
and Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 ? / 1790 m. to Antoni Wankowicz b. ca 1760).
Children of Stanislaw Soltan b. 1822: Bogdan Wiktor Soltan 1861 - 1912 married to Maria Franciszka Soltan b. 1863 (his brothers and sisters: Emilia Soltan Korsak, b. 1847 d. 1908, Stanislaw Soltan, 1848 - 1850, Helena Soltan 1849 - 1852, Adam Soltan 1851 - 1902 Brzostownica Murowana, Wiktor W adyslaw Rudolf Pereswit-Soltan, 1853 - d. 1905 Warsaw, owner of Kraszuty)
and his daughter - Maria Emilia Soltan b. 1889 Aninsk and died 1963 m. Zdzis aw Henryk Grocholski - her daughter Maria Grocholska b. 1911 Pietniczany and died in 1940 Otrebusy.

We stayed in 

St Petersburg and Moscow

"Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co." 

abbreviated as 

DEKA 

Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho was a key figure in the development of the Russian  air force; well-bred in

Georgia  /  საქართველო  /   Sakartvelo  

Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich born 13 / 25 October 1832 in Peterhof, Field Marshal and on December 6, 1862 was appointed governor in the Caucasus and commander the Caucasian Army, with all rights chief of the army to July 23, 1881. Initiator of the compilation of the 'Caucasian Collection', published in Tiflis in 1876-1912. In marriage he had six sons and one daughter, among others Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France: Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies. Mason, and called himself Philalethes. Receiving education at home in Georgia, often went for long voyages: 1886 - 1889 made a voyage round the world on the corvette 'Rynda' and in 1890 - 91, at his own yacht 'Tamara' traveled to India, described in his journals. In 1892 he commanded the destroyer 'Revel', in 1895, was a senior officer of a battleship and in 1899, on the battleship 'Admiral Apraksin', then transferred to the Black Sea Fleet, where he commanded the battleship 'Rostislav'. With the beginning of the 1st World War, in fact, led the fleet of Russia. In 1915, Admiral, with the December 1916 field inspector - general of military aircraft; after February 1917 was in the Crimea, and in 1919 went into exile. Since 1903 an honorary member of the Nikolaev Naval Academy, was also the chairman of the Eng. Technical Society. In exile, was the honorary chairman of the Union of Russian military pilots and he was the patron of the National Organization for Russian scouts. He was in France in 1909 and next established the Volunteer Aerial Association under his presidency (All Russian Aero Club) and set up the first military aviation school in Sebastopol in 1909 or 1910 - finally formed at Sevastopol (Sebastopol) for the winter 1912 and in Gatchina for the summer 1912; near to Russian military intelligence. The Duke, Freemason, Vice-Admiral was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian  Military Air Fleet  in 1914 or 1915  and  he  became Inspector of Aviation; aide-de-camp to Nicholas II, an old friend of the Tsar and  married to  his sister Xenia.


1892

At the beginning Louis Franzevich Dyuflon founded technical office in the 2nd half of the 19th century in Moscow. L. Duflon / Dyuflon and Apollon Konstantynowicz acted in the St. Petersburg branch of the 'Breguet' Company

(A. Konstantynowicz / Apollon Konstantinovich / Constantinovich for the Breguet Moscow branch).
At present the Montres Breguet SA is a member company of the Swatch Group of western Switzerland in L'Abbaye (L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne). It was founded by

Abraham-Louis Breguet in Paris in 1775.

Abraham-Louis Breguet or Br guet b. 10 January 1747 and died on 17 September 1823, born in Neuch tel, Switzerland. Originally Prussian Abraham Louis Breguet began his career as a watchmaker but also a physicist.

His son Louis-Antoine Breguet. His ancestry was French but his family were Protestants so they fled to Switzerland after Edict of Nantes in 1685. He met

Abraham-Louis Perrelet and Xavier Gide.

In 1795 Breguet returned to Paris. Circa 1807 Breguet brought in his son, Louis-Antoine (born 1776) as a business partner, and from this point the firm became known as Breguet et Fils. He sent his son to London to study with the great English chronometer maker,

John Arnold.


Abraham-Louis Breguet died in 1823 and it was carried on by Louis-Antoine to 1833 (he died in 1858), and after the business continued under Abraham-Louis' grandson

Louis Fran ois Cl ment Breguet born on 22 Dec. 1804

in Paris.


Louis Francois Clement Breguet work in the early days of

telegraphy, educated in Switzerland. Louis Fran ois Cl ment Breguet

was a French physicist, "1835 and 1840 he standardized the company product line of watches, ... and diversified into scientific instruments, electrical devices, recording instruments, an electric thermometer, telegraph instruments and electrically synchronized clocks

(Masson, Antoine Philibert and Louis Breguet in 1841 ed. 'Memoire sur l'induction', Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris, 4 (3), p. 129-152; Masson describes the toothed wheels that functioned as an interrupter).

With

Alphonse Foy, in 1842 he developed an electrical needle telegraph to replace the optical telegraph system ... and a later step-by-step telegraph system in 1847 ... manufactured the rotating mirror Fizeau-Foucault apparatus ... and 'spark coil'

(archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Ruhmkorff)

is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses ... were widely used in

x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s ... lighting Geissler tubes ... Tesla coils...".

Alphonse Foy informed Morse that his system would not be accepted in France. He also requested Louis Francois Breguet (b. 1804), grandson of Abraham Louis Breguet to produce an electrical telegraph with needles in France. The resulting Breguet - Foy telegraph used two needles. It was first tried in 1842. In 1842 tests were made with optical telegraph at night. In 1845 test of electrical telegraph was made along the railway route, the Breguet two - needle telegraph, too.

As a result the Breguet equipment was installed in 1845 on the Paris-Rouen route. Breguet replaced his telegraph also called the French telegraph, which was standard equipment on French railways and L. Breguet in 1851 had in Paris a fourth floor added to his building for this work.

Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century), in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London, who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax), d'Arlincourt (transmitter);
Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
Note: Winnie Buller b. in Bacton, Norfolk, receives pilot's license from Breguet School at Douia, France.

In Russia, St Petersburg - Moscow electrical telegraph line was established as the first; in 1853 a line to Kronstadt, 1854 to Warsaw. The Russian state telegraph network of 11000 km was constructed by Siemens - Carl Siemens - in the period 1853 - 1855. 1863 to Tbilisi in Georgia upon the initiative of Grigola Orbeliani, d. 1883. 1860 to Sweden from Russia.

"...The first electromagnetic telegraph created a Russian scientist Paul L. Schilling in 1832. ... Paul Schilling also developed the original code in which each letter of the alphabet corresponded to a specific combination of symbols that might appear with black and white circles on the telegraph ... the electromagnetic telegraph was built in Germany - Carl Gauss and Wilhelm Weber (1833), in the UK - Cooke and Wheatstone (1837), and the U.S. patented electromagnetic telegraph S. Morse in 1837. ... In Russia, the P. L. Schilling continued B. Jacobi, built in 1839 writer telegraph...".
Paul L. Schilling / Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling / Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt b. 1786 in Tallinn and died 1837 in St. Petersburg, diplomat, electrical engineer and inventor, the Baltic German origin, who built a pioneering electrical telegraph.

Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, an English scientist and inventor: the stereoscope Playfair cipher for an encryption technique ("...it was used by the militaries of several nations through at least World War I, and is known to have been used during World War II by British intelligence services. It was initially resistant to cryptanalysis...", acc. to Marks, Leo, Between Silk and Cyanide. New York 1998), Wheatstone bridge, telegraph; in 1835 he lectured on the system of Baron Schilling, and the five-needle telegraph was similar to that of Schilling; the Breguet telegraph was similar in many ways to the Wheatstone model. It was simply built and adhered to basic engineering principles.

In 1917, after Russian revolution, cryptographers took the counterrevolution side. Soviet Government used both tsar and revolutionary ciphers. In 1921, a special department was founded by the government, for exploitation of ciphers. Andrei Andreevich Markov gave a classification of ciphers which do not propagate distortions. Aleksandr Osipovich Gelfond investigated the complexity of the discrete logarithm problem. Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903‑1987), graduated of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1925, acc. to Valentin A. Nosov.
By 1860 large codes were in common use for diplomatic communications, and cipher systems had become a rarity for this application. The invention of telegraph and radio pushed forward the development of cryptographic protection of telecommunications, acc. to https://www.cryptochallenge.com/home/history.
The British scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, developed the Playfair Code, a table system that was easy to use.
Friedrich W. Kasiski developed a cryptanalysis method in 1863. In 1883, the French teacher and writer Auguste Kerckhoffs set forth six basic requirements of cryptography. He formulated procedures for long-term diplomatic codes. In 1917, the Americans formed the cryptographic organization MI-8, with Herbert Osborne Yardley as the director. The ADFGVX system was put into service by the Germans near the end of World War One. This was a cipher which performed a substitution, fractionation and then transposition of the letter fractions. It was broken by the French cryptanalyst, Lieutenant Georges Painvin.

Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography, "Ernst Fetterlein was in the Tzarist Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1896, and solved German, Austrian and British codes. He was eventually made chief cryptographer. ... 1917 he fled to Britain, and was recruited to Room 40 in June 1918 to work on Austrian, Bolshevik, and Georgian codes. The Russians used an overly complicated version of the Vigenere Cipher... The French Army employed Georges Painvin, and Etienne Bazeries..., on German ciphers...".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

The Korostovetz family:
Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya, was the youngest daughter of the poet K. K. Sluchevsky / Konstanty Slichevski. She was born in St. Petersburg in 1890.
Her mother was Agnes F. Snetkova. Agnes F. did not belong to the nobility. 1896 to 1903 in St. Petersburg, first at the Nikolayev street, 7 then on the Fontanka, 127; Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevskaya after the death of her elder brother Constantine, in 1913, married Vladimir Konstantinovich Korostovets, its close relative; Vladimir K. Sluchevsky graduated from the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University; Vladimir Konstantinovich Sluchevsky was hired by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served under P. N. Milyukov. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov (К. Д. Набоков next of kin with В. В. Набоков), was on friendly terms with Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky. Vladimir Konstantinovich and Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky and V. D. Nabokov were members of the Law Society at St. Petersburg University. Brother of Vladimir Dmitrievich - Konstantin Dmitrievich Nabokov served in the Foreign Ministry with nephew of K. K. Sluchevsky - I. Ya. Korostovets / Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian prominent diplomat, scholar, author of books on the history of China; The Pfalz-Fein family, was in close kinship with the family Nabokov. Korostovetz Konstantin b. 1857 died 1912, his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz (Tallinn, where the last Governor-General before the revolution was Ishmael V. Korostovetz). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912. Nicholas Sluchevsky (1882-1920), Power Engineer / energy engineering profession, son of the poet K. K. SLUCHEVSKY; Nicholas was born in a noble family Kapitonovna Olga nee Longinov and Konstantin Konstantinovich (1837-1904) Sluchevsky; Nicholas's mother came from a wealthy family; father was a famous poet. 1911 he was married. Korostovetz Ivan Yakovlevich (1862-1933). Korostovets Michael, Vadim and Natalia. Korostovetz Lidia, landowner, she decided to go to the Cheka, and a few days later was shot; Along with her was shot her son, Anthony K. Korostovetz, 24-25 years old, just graduated from university. Ancestry Sluchevsky with family Korostovetz three times were affinity for the last century. Kirill K. Korostovetz married Valentina Fyodorovna Buhmeyer; Valya Elizabeth Skuling - Korostovetz living in England; Rall family was very friendly with family Korostovetz as Catherine Rall studied with Lydia Alexandrovna Sluchevskaya, niece of the poet, in Switzerland. CYRIL Korostovetz KONSTANTINOVICH / Korostovetz Kirill Konstantinovich b. 1885 Petersburg, d. 1961; of the nobility, participated in Russian - Japanese war. In 1915 he was sent to England, where oversaw the construction of the first five icebreakers for Russia after 1917, to Russia has not returned; died in London.

Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian diplomat, from the Poltava province; A graduate of the Imperial Alexander Lyceum in 1884; the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1890 in Beijing, 1894 in Rio de Janeiro, 1896 Lisbon; 1899 Port Arthur, 1900 Tianjin, 1913 Korostovetz was appointed ambassador to Persia, 1915 - June 1917 he was a member of the Board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Emigrated to Finland. Lived in exile in Berlin. From marriage to Alexandra V. Gordanov, had children: Olga, Flavia and Vadim.
Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovets / Ishmael Vladimirovich Korostovetz / Измаил Владимирович b. 1863 died 1933 in Poznan (the Gernet family, too); General and Senator, Governor of Estland, graduated from the Corps of Pages 1884, Lieutenant-General in 1915, as vice - governor of Courland 1903-1905 and governor of Estonia 1907-1915; 1915 he was appointed a senator for the Department of Heraldry, he emigrated to Poland, lived in Poznan. Brother of above Ishmael: Korostovetz Konstantin / Коростовец Константин Владимирович b. 1857, died after 1912. Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.
Ludmila Korostovetz (1794 - 1883), married to the famous traveler, Admiral P. I. Rikord, Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776, Russian admiral, explorer, scientist, diplomat, writer, shipbuilder, from Toropets in the Pskov province, now Tver region, father Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan, Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice, after in Poland in 1772 major in the Russian service. 1843 P. I. Rikord was promoted to admiral, 1850 appointed chairman of Marine Scientific Committee, an honorary member of the Imperial Moscow University, the State Department of the Admiralty.
Vladimir Konstantinovic Korostowec / W. K. von Korostowetz, Polnische Auferstehung; Publisher: Berlin, Verl. f. Kulturpolitik, 1929. Vladimir K. Korostovetz b. ca 1880 ? (V. K. Korostovtsev, a former official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at the Ministry he did not enjoy the sympathy, until 1930 he lived in Berlin (in Poland 1919); then met with an Englishman Mound Gregory, a wealthy man who was interested in politics; Mound Gregory was a Catholic and a monarchist; invited Korostovtsev to England to write anti-Soviet themes and generously funded its publication; Korostovetz published in London monthly review 'Whitehall Gazette and St. James Review'; since 1930 Korostovetz started a violent propaganda in England; he hated Russian more than the Bolsheviks),
his wife Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya b. 1890 - her father Sluchevsky Konstantin (1837 - 1904), Russian poet, writer, translator; his son Nicholas and his sister Olga; Konstantin Sluchevsky was born in St. Petersburg, 1837. Descended from the nobility of the Chernigov province, son of Constantin Afanasevich Slichevski 2nd b. 1793, Colonel, St. Petersburg police chief, Constantine Afanasevich 2nd began his military career with the rank of captain at the age of 19 years, participated in the war with Napoleon. Constantine, originally followed his father, was educated in the First Cadet Corps, 1855 after graduating stood in Gatchina, and will later be transferred to Tsarskoye Selo; Several years studying in Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg, where in 1865 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; a member of the Board of the General Administration of Press. In 1870, Konstantin married Olga nee Longinov 1849-1921, who came from a wealthy family; died on September 25, 1904.
Александра Константиновна Случевская has unknown mother; but her father was Константин Константинович Случевский b. 1837 - 1904, father's ex-wife Ольга Капитоновна Лонгинова. Husband of above Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevsky that is Vladimir K. Korostovetz / Владимир Константинович Коростовец (born ca 1880?), from unknown father! Maybe his father: Korostovetz Konstantin Vladimirovich b. 1857 died after May 1912 (his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz, in Tallinn, where he was the last Governor-General before the revolution). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.

"...Another significant mistake of the Germans was to be excessively systematic in sending daily routine official reports to naval units and even to individual ships by radio. For example, a detailed radio message sent by the Germans in the first hour of each day with the new reencryption key contained about 10% of the information needed to decrypt it. Often within 30 minutes - almost always within 90 minutes - either the Russians or the British had the new key worked out and then passed it on to the other. Even in 1916, when the German Navy introduced a new codebook with new words and phrases, the later edition kept the same alphabetical order as the replaced version, which allowed the Russians to interpolate unknown locations with those already known. The ultimate success of this cryptanalytic operation can be attributed, on the Russian side, to the efforts of Captain Rengarten, Fetterlein-Popov, and the cryptanalysts of Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn. ... Following on these early efforts, it was decided that a more systematic effort at cryptanalysis was needed. Therefore it was decided to concentrate the cryptanalytic effort in the Baltic at the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn radio intercept station. For this purpose, six officers who know the German language well and had experience in cipher work were selected. At the head of this operation the Naval General Staff placed ... E. Fetterlein".
Ernst Fetterlein was from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and he assigned to the 'Black Cabinet', as the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn cryptanalytic group was known; here was a group of the naval officers: captain Nepenin and cpt. Rengarten. The main task was still discovering the daily key which served to reencrypt the German code, and British Navy Headquarters also worked closely with the Russian Naval Headquarters in this efforts. All material published by the Russians was sent to the British, that within an hour of intreduction of the new FEK into operation by the Germans, the Russian or British side would report it immediately to their counterparts.
All above acc. to: Cryptolog. April 1984, NSA, 2012 declassified.

Adrian / Andrian Nepenin Ivanovich, b. on October 21, 1871 in The Great Luke / Wielkie Luki and died on March 4, 1917 in Helsinki / Helsingfors; he was Vice - Admiral, the last commander of the Imperial Baltic Fleet; the founder of naval intelligence and communications; in service since 1889. He graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1892. Captain 1st rank - 1911 and since 1911, the Chief of Staff of communication for the Baltic Sea Fleet; 1911 - 1914 the chief of the communications service of the Naval Commander of the Baltic Sea headquarters. Rear Admiral on December 23, 1913 (30 July 1915). Founder on July 17, 1914 and the first chief (A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service) of the Baltic Sea communications, organized for the Baltic Fleet aviation exploration and effective service of decoding of German radio messages. When A. I. Nepenin, on July 13, 1914 was appointed chief of defense of the sea fortress of Emperor Peter the Great , captain 2 rank M. P. Davydov, by order of August 18, was ordered to start execution responsibilities of the Chief of communications. On August 6, 1916 - Vice-Admiral and Commander of the Baltic Fleet. During the February Revolution in Helsingfors, Vice Admiral A. N. Nepenin joined the revolution happening, recognizing the power of the State Duma. Nepenin arrested Finnish Governor-General Franz Albert Zane / Zein. On March 2, Nepenin supported Nicholas II abdicated the throne. On March 4, 1917 was issued order number 302: "...On behalf of the new Government and the Free Great Russian officers once again urge for calm and unity with the team and strictly prohibited the shedding of blood, ... Russia needs a victorious war against a foreign enemy". On March 4, 1917 Nepenin was killed in Helsingfors port by unknown persons. After him was Andrew S. Maximov b. 1866 d. 1951, Russian Vice - Admiral, 1915-1917 he was head of the mine defense of the Baltic Sea, after the February Revolution of March 4, 1917 elected to the sailors of the Baltic Fleet as commander - in this post was to June 2, 1917; September 1917 - Chief of Naval Staff of the Supreme Commander, after the October Revolution as a senior inspector of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic in 1918. And it is important to note that the radio issues were not organizationally united under a single leadership in Russian Navy until 1917: were in charge of different heads, shipboard radio was headed by mine specialists and a navy coastal radio stations were part of the Communication Services of fleet, headed by the Chief of Communications; these positions in the Baltic Fleet occupied Senior Lieutenant Ivan Rengarten and captain Adrian I. Nepenin: I. Rengarten was recognized in the Navy authority on radio, both in the technical and tactical aspects of the use of radio communication in the Navy; Nepenin, had no special training in radio matters; between Rengarten and Nepenin existed oral agreement. In the winter of 1911-1912 the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet was organized the shore stations involving ships wintering in Libau. In June 1912 the flagship radiotelegraph officer Rengarten put forward the idea of the special reconnaissance campaign in areas of combat training of the German fleet to gather information about the organization of radio and radio specifications of the German ships. The flagship radiotelegraph senior lieutenant A. M. Shchastny wrote in a report on the radiotelegraph of Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea for 1911. To solve this problem was chosen cruiser 'Hercules', and was developed a wide-range reconnaissance receiver on this ship. In Kilkonde, a signals intelligence missions have begun to tackle on September 8, 1914, in Gange, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and on November 12 - the third - the lighthouse top at Dagerort / Dago. Were later installed in Windau, in Hapsal / Haapsalu and elsewhere of Baltic coast.

Acc. to I. I. Rengarten we read on a number of important additional information about the activities of Russian radio intelligence service in fall of 1914. Thus, in early October 1914 at the headquarters of the fleet were found approaches to disclosure of existing German ciphers, and in the second half of November 1914, fully decrypted code 'gamma - alpha', introduced on October 7, 1914, that led to a successful reading of the German fleet ciphers, and were read so well many previously adopted radiograms. The Baltic Fleet initiated the establishment of a special coastal radio station that would resolve problems of intelligence signals, with support and guidance of the Naval General Staff. In February 1915, the Minister of Marine decided to organize the Southern District of the Baltic Sea stations, with three officers (chief radio, 2 assistants) and 50 privates. In the spring of 1915 this station was organized on the southern coast of the Gulf near Cape Shpitgamn. Order of the Commander of the fleet number 308 of March 19, 1915, appointed as chief, Lieutenant P. A. Kolokoltsov. Later, in July 1915, P. A. Kolokoltsov replaced V. P. Przhilentsky / Przylencki, who served in the office until 1917; during February - April 1915 on the radio were appointed Lieutenant D. P. Izmalkov, V. I. Markov, O. O. Proffit and I. M. Yamchenko. According to experts in the field of radio intelligence, the radio station has successfully solved all the tasks assigned to it. It should be noted that in the decryption Bureau, with naval experts also participated representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In July 1915, were appointed Y. Pavlovich / Павлович and Б. Орлов / B. Orlov. And in early 1916, when appeared the first serious problems with deciphering of the German radio messages, caused by the introduction of new ciphers and a new signal book, here was specially sent one of the leading cryptologist E. Fetterleyn, with co-operation of the British radio intelligence service, sharing the most confidential information on signals intelligence and cryptanalysis. A documents suggest about such contacts with specialists of the French decryption service, by the beginning of the campaign in 1915; introduced on March 8, 1915 the new German code gamma - alpha was discovered two days later, a work headed by the radiotelegraphic officer I. I. Rengarten.

Ernst Constantin Fetterlein was born in St Petersburg in 1873 d. 1944, was a Russian cryptographer. The son of Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein, a German-language tutor, and Olga Fetterlein, n e Meier. "She was almost certainly Jewish and so Ernst can certainly be counted as of Jewish origin". Above named Karl was a German-language instructor at the Saint Petersburg Military-Judicial Institute and director at the Imperial Public Library ca 1900.

Carl F. Fetterleyn or Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein born 1828 in Riga and died on 16.06.1902 in Gapsal / Haapsalu / Hapsala / Haapsal, Estonia (check Pushkin and von Gernet and Dunkel Baltic German families); was librarian; son of Prussian actor, until 1858 he studied at Tartu University, arriving to St. Petersburg, 1859 began teach at the 1st military Gymnasium / 1st Cadet Corps, to 1878.

The Pavlovsky Military School, since 1880. The friend of Schilder and M. Korf (for collecting materials about the life and reign of Nicholas I), also S. N. Urusov and I. D. Delianov. Actively participated in the work of F. and N. K. Schilder on collecting materials on the reign of Alexander I. He was closest assistant of M. A. Korf; the friend of Vladimir Stasov.
By L. A. Shilov for the National Library of Russia, 2011-2013. Ernst Constantin Fetterlein in 1896 joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became the chief cryptologist. Ernst was a cryptanalyst under Tsar Nicholas in his 'Black Cabinet' and reached the equivalent rank of admiral. During World War I, he was known as Ernst Popov; he solved German, Austrian and British codes. In 1917, Ernst Constantin Fetterlein fled to Western Europe with his wife on board a Swedish ship. He contacted the British and French intelligence services and on 9 March 1918 a letter to the Director of Naval Intelligence, Rear-Admiral Reginald Hall, the British naval attache in Helsingfors / Helsinki, from Captain W. H. Cromie in Petrograd, described Fetterlein as 'a cipher clerk in the Russian Foreign Office for twenty-five years' who came 'highly recommended'. Fetterlein began work for the British intelligence in June 1918; he was recruited to Room 40 to work on Georgian, Austrian and Bolshevik codes. After the end of World War I, he worked for the Government Code and Cypher School - worked on Soviet Communist traffic; his brother, P. K. Fetterlein, also worked for the Government Code and Cypher School.
See: Victor Madeira, 2004; Ralph Erskine, 2004; Stephen Budiansky, 2000; Michael Smith; Thomas R. Hammant; David Kahn and Budiansky, 2000.
Acc. to: A. V. Sinel'nikov, 'Codes and Russian revolutionaries': By the beginning of the World War I Russia had the strongest in the world decryption service, and some of its employees as a result of all the troubles were after October 1917 in the Entente countries. But we know that in the early 1920s, the Russian section of the British decryption service taken Ernest Fetterleyn, since 1897 leading cryptanalyst for the Committee of tsarist Foreign Ministry, in reading a diplomatic correspondence of hostile states. His superior was V. Sabanin.

A note on the Gernet family from Estland / Estonia:

Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder b. 1796 died 1862, her father Peter Woldemar Rehbinder b. 1757 d. 1823; her husband Alexander August von Gernet b. 1786 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia and died on October 5, 1865 in Lehhola. Lehola is a settlement in Keila Parish, Harju County in northwestern Estonia, 15 km south-west of Harku, and 18 km west of Saku. His father Carl Gustav von Gernet b. 1747 died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia.

Brothers of above Aleksander Gernet: Georg Gustav von Gernet 1780 - 1846, Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet 1792 - 1867, Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 who died on November 8, 1857 in Lauenhof, Podrala, Valdamaa / Valgamaa County, Estland / Estonia.

Son of above Karl Johann Gernet: Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia. His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son:
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944.

Sergey Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет / Sergei Gernet:

a midshipman in the 1st Baltic Naval Depot. Sergei Pavlovich Gernet born 1859 and d. 1918; his father: Paul Bernhard Friedrich Gernet b. 1819 d. 1860. His son: Eugene S. Gernet b. in Kronstadt on October 31, 1882 d. on August 8, 1943 in Spartacus village, Pavlodar area, Kazakhstan. The captain of the 2nd rank in 1917. During the Russian-Japanese War, in the defense of Port Arthur 1904, during the First World War he served in the Black Sea 1916. Then he served in the Soviet Navy. In 1918 he commanded the squadron in Novorossiisk. Arrested in 1938, he died in exile.

Below about Carl's / Karl's children: Frederick Gernet b. 1738 d. 1789, Christian Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819, Carl Gustaf Gernet b. 1747 d. 1812.

And some details of above named Sergei Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет born 1859 died 1918, a top member of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company from St Petersburg and Moscow and about his family:

His father Paul Berngard / Пауль Бернгард Фридрихов Гернет / v. Gernet Paul Bernhard b. 1819 d. 1860.

Son of Sergei was born on 31 October 1882 in Kronsztadt / Кронштадт, Evgenii / Евгений died 1943. His grandfather: Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857.
And great-grandfather Christian Wilhelm Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819, and his father Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791.

On Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791 (Карл Готлиб Иоахимов Гернет son of Ioachim Georgiev von Gernet / Иоахим Георгиев Гернет b. 1648 d. 1710 and was grandson of Георгий Гернет / Georgij von Gernet);

Karl Gotlib sons: Fridrich / Фридрих Гернет / Eberhard Friedrich von Gernet died 1789, was born on November 26, 1738 in Lehhlola / Lehhola / Lehola in Estonia and died on July 29, 1789 in Ohtel / Ohtu, Estonia (Ohtel / Ohtu - only 3 km south - east of Lehola, near to Keila, and ca 15 / 13 km to Uksnurme);
next son born 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola, Estonia - his sons: 1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857;
and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет
(Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in L nemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa. Note: Jula Dunkel b. 1840, from Ridala Parish, L ne County, Estonia - her father Kustas Dunkel b. 1814 from Haeska, 7 km east of Kiideva (Gernet) and south-east of Haapsalu, about 23 km west of Vaikna)
died 1812 and his son:
1776 Karl Iogann Gernet / Гернет died 1857 and his son: 1824 Fridrich Magnus / Фридрих Магнус Гернет died 1909; and his son: b. 07 August 1878 Adam Richard Ernst / Адам Рихард Эрнст Гернет died 1944;

about above Adam R. E. Gernet: Cushima 1905, 1910 Nikolaevskaya Morskaya Akademia, 1913 captain 2nd class, 1939 in Germany;
the brother of Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700: Wilhelm Henrich / Вильгельм Генрих Гернет born 1703 died 1772 - his son:

1741 Hristophor / Христофор Вильгельмов Гернет died 1794 - sons of Hristophor:

1782 Reinholdt / Рейнгольд Христофоров Гернет d. 1832 and 1791 Ferdinand / Фердинанд Христофоров died 1852; 1795 Hristophor Hristophorovich / Христофор Христофорович Гернет died 1865 - and his son: 1835 Aleksandr / Александр Христофорович Гернет d. 1893 - and his children: Natalia / Наталья Александровна and Vladymir / Владимир Александрович Гернет b. 1870 d. 1929 - his wife and daughter: Elena Alekseevna Zerebko-Rotmistrenko / Елена Алексеевна b. 1864 d. 1937, daughter b. 1899 in Odessa, Nina Vladymirovna Gernet b. 1899 d. 1982 - about Nina: her son Erik Michailovich Rausch-Gernet / Эрик Рауш - Гернет, her husbands: Michail Sale / Михаил Салье b. 1899 and from 1923 married to Michail Rausch-Traubenberg / Рауш фон Траубенберг b. 1904.

Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892, was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines. Born of Swedish parents in Azerbaijan; father Karl Wilhelm Hagelin worked for Ludvig and Emanuel / Emmanuel Nobel in Baku (Karl Hagelin was closest advisor for Emmanuel, because Wilhelm Hagelin, his father, had been employed by Ludvig Nobel as a manager of the St. Petersburg factory; 1899, Karl Hagelin was called back to St. Petersburg, like Emmanuel's closest technical advisor), and next was an investor in the Arvid Gerhard Damm's company - Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, established to sell rotor machines, acc. to Wikipedia.
See: Smith, Francis O. J., The Secret Corresponding Vocabulary..., ed. in Portland; Shannon, A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System..., ed. in 1948; Damm Arvid G., Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, ed. 1922; Boris C. W. Hagelin became first a director and later the owner of the Cryptograph Company, next the Cryptographe Technik and then the Crypto A. G. in the 1960s.
Crypto AG is a Swiss company specialising in communications and information security. With headquarters in Steinhausen ... Crypto AG was established in Bern by Russian-born Swede, Boris Hagelin. Originally called AB Cryptoteknik and founded by Arvid Gerhard Damm in Stockholm in 1920, the firm manufactured the C-36 mechanical cryptograph machine that Damm had patented.
After Damm's death ... Cryptoteknik came under the control of Boris Hagelin, an early investor

(1921, Boris Hagelin developed his first cipher machine whilst working for crypto-company Damm in Sweden; 1935 he produced a fully mechanical machine under his own brand name A. B. Ingeniorsfirman Teknik in Sweden).

It was the first of a long line of mechanical cipher machines. Shortly before WWII, he developed the M-209 for the American Army. After the war the company moved to Switzerland where they traded as Hagelin Cryptos.
Acc. to: http://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/hagelin/), and during the War essentially operated in the United States ... In the early 1950s, it was transferred from Stockholm to Zug (close to Luzern / Lucerna) ... and was incorporated in Switzerland in 1952.

Crypto AG has a sister company, InfoGuard AG

(InfoGuard AG, a member of 'The Crypto Group', has specialised in providing comprehensive information security for more than 130 countries), acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_AG.

Boris Hagelin had created the 'Hagelin-machine', a encryption device similar to the German 'Enigma'

(Charles Babbage, b. 1791, an English polymath, had recommendations from James Ivory and John Playfair, achieved notable results in cryptography, 1850s Babbage broke Vigenere's autokey cipher; Friedrich Kasiski, a Prussian infantry officer, made the same discovery some years later. The Enigma was an electro-mechanical rotor cypher machine used for both encryption and decryption, from the early 1920s on. Enigma was developed by Arthur Scherbius dating back to 1919. Enigma-A was offered for sale in 1923. The Swedish textile engineer Arvid Gerhard Damm, used his experience gained with Jacquard weaving machines for construction of an automatic ciphering machine and applied for a patent in 1919 for his rotory system.

But Rintu Nath, 'Dream 2047', June 2013, vol. 15, No 9, A chronicle of cryptography:
In 1918, the German inventor Arthur Scherbius and his close friend Richard Ritter developed a cryptographic machine called Enigma. Scherbius patented his cipher machine in 1918. Enigma was contained in a compact box measuring only 13,5 - 11 - 6 inches. Encryption using Enigma was based on polyalphabetic substitution method. Security of the encrypted message was based on the secret key.

1921, Boris Hagelin bringing support from the Swedish Nobel family, "...improved the cryptograph and in 1925 succeeded in getting the Swedish Army to use his Swedish product, the new prototype B-21, instead of the German Enigma". 1927 Hagelin became the owner of Aktiebologat Cryptograph. "...The B-21 had a lamp field similar to that in Enigma. In a new compact version, the C-35, the lamp field was replaced by a printer, which produced the ciphered text at a speed of three letters per second. To improve the operating comfort, the C-35 was connected to an electric typewriter, which the U.S. company Remington had just introduced. The C-35, as small as a telephone, became very successful. More than 5000 units were sold...". Hagelin in Switzerland, where in 1948 he founded Crypto AG in Zug, during the Cold War produced a ciphering unit, the TC-52, used for the red telephone line between the White House and Moscow).

The Hagelin machine was used on the side of the Allies in World War II. These included the Vatican, as well the governments of Iraq, Iran, and Libya. ... Acc. to: J. Orlin Grabbe - copyright in 1997 under J. Orlin Grabbe at web page: http://orlingrabbe.com. By Wayne Madsen, Covert Action Quarterly 63, 30 Jan 1999: "...For decades, the US has routinely intercepted and deciphered top secret encrypted messages of 120 countries. These nations had bought the world's most sophisticated and supposedly secure commercial encryption technology from Crypto AG, a Swiss company ... All the while, because of a secret agreement between the National Security Agency (NSA) and Crypto AG, they might as well have been hand delivering the message to Washington. ... The cover shielding the NSA-Crypto AG relationship was torn in March 1992...".
A. G. Damm edited the first a brochure in April 1917, he was the founder of the Company in 1916 (or 1915 by Boris Hagelin), with Wahlberg as the A. B. Cryptograph. See: General Cartier, Francois, Secrecy in Radiotelegraphy.

Estonians were also active on radio-intelligence before the Second World War. Olev un was a phenomenal decipherer, "...and had managed to break the latest code of the Red Army during the Polish campaign in September 1939. Unfortunately, no materials are available to support or argue the words of that high-ranking Finnish intelligence officer ... German military attache in Tallinn, Colonel Horst Rsing, evaluated the Estonian radio-intelligence against the Soviet Union as more successful than the Finnish one ... Andres Kalmus was a highly competent technical expert in radio intelligence, while Olev un was a talented Estonian cryptanalyst".
Arne Carl-August Beurling, b. 1905, was a Swedish mathematician and professor of mathematics at Uppsala University. "...In the summer of 1940 he single-handedly deciphered and reverse-engineered an early version of the Siemens and Halske T52 also known as the Geheimfernschreiber (secret teletypewriter) used by Nazi Germany in World War II for sending ciphered messages ... Beurling's great - grandfather was Per Henric Beurling b. 1758 / 1763, died in 1806, who founded a high quality clock factory in Stockholm in 1783". See: Lars Ulfving, The Geheimschreiber Secret. Arne Beurling and the success of Swedish signals intelligence, edited by Bo Hugemark, Probus F rlag, Stockholm 1992.
"...Swedish intelligence services in the modern sense of the word had indeed been already established in the beginning of this century. The armed forces intelligence service had increased in 1905, during the Union crises, and in the First World War. The General Staff and Naval Staff of that time both had their own signals intelligence and cryptographic units. ... The first successful attempts to break foreign cipher traffic were made in spring 1933, when they succeeded in breaking the cipher then used by the OGPU (later the KGB). These breaks into foreign military ciphers were probably the first to be made in Sweden after the First World War".

Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892 in Adzhikent, the Elizavetpol province, now Azerbaijan, was Swedish entrepreneur, inventor of encryption devices. Developer electromechanical encryption units, (rotary machines) of Arvid Damm and mechanical cipher machines.

Founder of the Swiss company Crypto AG / Crypto A. G., which specializes in information and telecommunications security.
Above named the Elizavetpol Province / Yelizavetpol quberniya, and above Ganja / Gənce, 1804 to 1918 was called Yelizavetpol, 1935 renamed Kirovabads.
His father, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin worked as a manager in an oil company in Baku Nobel. 1899, Carl Hagelin was appointed director and moved with his family to St. Petersburg. 1915, Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin began his career in Vasteras in the Swedish electrical company ASEA, supplier of equipment for the Nobels.

Being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1. Boris Hagelin in 1922 was appointed to represent their interests in the company. 1925 when Damme moved to Paris to collaborate with the telegraph companies (Breguet-Brown), Boris Hagelin headed the firm.
After the death of Arvid Damm in 1927 and the death of Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 died in 1932 - a nephew of Alfred Nobel, control of the company passed to Hagelin. In 1934, the French General Staff began to develop a pocket Hagelin cipher machine.

Acc. to: http://www.branobelhistory.com/ under copyright by The Centre for Business History in Stockholm and branobelhistory.com, we read:

"...Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818 1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ... In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandstr m, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers ... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnstr m and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. ... During his initial period in Baku (1879-1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred T rnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ... Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing onboard the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...

he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time).

In 1923, Karl Wilhelm Hagelin was elected as an honorary member of the Swedish Society of Engineers...".

Acc. to: Boris Hagelin, The Story of the Hagelin-Cryptos, Zug 1981.

Boris Hagelin was born in 1892, in Adschikent, a small summer resort. His father was a Swede, who had been born in St Petersburg in 1860. He was manager of the Nobel Company's oil fields in Baku. He had joined the company in 1879, director in 1899. Boris was living in St Petersburg 1899 to 1904. His first job, the supervision of the construction of an electric power station on one of the Nobel oil fields in Baku. Nobels had ordered the equipment from ASEA in Vastraos.
"...Emanuel Nobel was very generous towards me and financed the establishing of a small engineering office in Stockholm. During my stay in the USA I had acquired some inventions, which I developed which made me financially independent. The decisive turning point in my life came, however, when Emanuel Nobel entrusted me with the supervision of a small company which he had begun to finance in 1921 - the A.B. Cryptograph. This company was founded in 1915 with the objective to develop and manufacture ciphering machines invented by the Swedish engineer A. G. Damm. In 1925 I assumed the management of the company as well as the development of saleable products. This was a fascinating task although I did not have any knowledge of cryptography. Mr. A. G. Damm died in 1927. In 1932 the A. B. Cryptograph was liquidated and replaced by the A.B. Cryptoteknik. A.B. Cryptoteknik manufactured only mechanical and electro mechanical ciphering machines. After World War II the need for ciphered telegraph transmission became obvious. In order to be able to work without the interference of the Swedish Government - ciphering machines were at that time considered war material - I decided to move to Zug, Switzerland. I first collaborated with the Swiss inventor Dr. E. Gretener, but later established a small independent laboratory. CRYPTO AG was in corporated on May 13, 1952, and had at first just one employee. My Swedish activities were transferred to CRYPTO AG, and since the name 'Hagelin Cryptos' had already become well known before i World War II the enterprise grew so fast that in 1966 a new manufacturing and administration building was built in Zug - Steinhausen".
Damm also constructed purely mechanical machine which printed both the plaintext and the ciphertext. Four of these machines were sold to Japan. Finally Damm invented a system with rotors, i.e., alphabet permutating wheels. The best-known machine using rotors was the German ENIGMA.
Damm aimed to interest the large telegraph companies in his machine. After 1921, Damm's interests in cipher machines were concentrated in the field of radio telegraphy: Marconi, Telefunken, TSF and Western Union.

Piotr Wodziński, a year ago (2011, Merkuryusz), after reading the 'three very interesting books' published an article 'Not only Enigma', wrote Mariasz in March 2012 at http://mariasz.salon24.pl/397497.
"These books are: Chapman, 'Japan in Poland's Secret Neighbourhood War', Ken Kotani, 'Japanese Intelligence in World War II', McCay, Bengt Beckman, 'Swedish Signal Intelligence'.
The thing applies to the pre-war and wartime cooperation of the Japanese, Polish, Finnish, Estonian and Swedish intelligence. Directed against the Soviets. In this cooperation, information obtained from radio intelligence played a key role".
See: http://merkuryusz.com/nr_09.html - "...The secret protocol of the Ribbentrop - Molotov Pact and the Soviet preparations for the invasion were not - for the Polish secret services - any secret. Could not be. A specialized publications of Japan report that the imperial SIGNIT broken in June 1939, the 4-digit code of the Soviet army, 4 digit code of border guard and 3-digit code of Air Force. Soviets changed their Army codes after the Battle of Nomonhan ... as the Battle of Chalchyngol, after September 16 , 1939, implemented the new five-digit code OK40, which, however, already in September 1939 was broken by the Estonian secret services. ... the Polish radio-intelligence was a part of a very effective anti-Soviet network - exchange information on a mass scale with the services of the Japanese, Estonian, Finnish and Swedish ... What's more, our radio-intelligence was regarded as the best part of this network. This surely, we were learning Japanese ... (after September 1939 two of our cryptographers has been employed by the Japanese services and worked during the war in Tokyo). When the Swedes turned out about technical assistance to the Estonians, they directed their to our secret services, pointing that they are the most professional...".
See : http://konstantynowicz.info/17_wrzesnia_1939_agresja_sowiecka/tajny_zalacznik_pakt_ribbentrop_molotow_23_sierpnia_1939/index.html

Arvid Gerhard Damm d. 1927, was a Swedish engineer and inventor. He designed a number of cipher machines. Damm was originally a textile engineer, and worked as an engineering manager in a textile factory in Finland.

Edward Hugh Hebern b. 1869, was an early inventor of rotor machines, devices for encryption. Acc. to 'On the history of cryptography in Russia', by N. N. Tokareva, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics: P. L. Shilling, and V. I. Krivosh-Nemanich, were the first in cryptography and cryptanalysis in history of Russia.

Vladimir Ivanovich (Кривош-Неманич) Krivoch Niemanich / Nemanjic b. 1865, polyglot and cryptographer, thanks to the knowledge of many languages, was enrolled in the University of St. Petersburg in 1886, he studied at the Sorbonne, served as an interpreter for the Admiralty, was sent to Paris to study foreign experience in matters of censorship; until 1911 he worked in the Special Naval General Staff of the paperwork for the management agents; he became the first Russian cryptographer, learn more in France at that time; after the February Revolution in 1917 returned to St. Petersburg, makes notes for Lenin himself; Lenin ordered to enroll Krivoch Niemanich in the newly created People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, to translate (look for the Nieciejewski family from the Berezina parish); he was arrested on charges of bribery of nobles for missing abroad and spent six months in prison, but back to work as a translator for Military control - then known as intelligence and counterintelligence of Bolsheviks under the control of the former Tsarist General M. Bonch - Bruevich;
after the revolution, he collaborated with Soviet cryptographic service, was again arrested but next release and was working for a new counterintelligence; died 1942 in Ufa.


The main events in the history of the Russian telegraph:

W. Siemens established company 'Trading house of Siemens and Halske' in St. Petersburg for repair and construction empire Russian telegraphs, in 1853. 1870 the Russian army started building the military telegraph parks. 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878. L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap. 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department. 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA. 1904, Captain 2nd Rank A. A. Remmert appointed head of business wireless telegraphy in the Marine Department. The Telefunken, JSC Russian Electrotechnical plants 'Siemens and Halske' and A. S. Popov agreed on the establishment in St. Petersburg 'Branch for wireless telegraphy system'. 1905, Naval Department made a contract with JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske' for delivery to the Navy 24 stations of the 'Telefunken'. Open the radio station in Revel, 1913. 1915, L. E. Gabrilovich established in Petrograd, the Universal Russian company of radio - telegraph, radio - telephone and electric devices (VRKR). 1916, stopped activity of JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1917 April, 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', DEKA, now as 'акционерное общество Заводов электромеханических сооружений'.

Acc. to: T. V. Alekseev, ed. 2010:
In the first of these stages, which lasted until the beginning of the 1890s, created small workshops for repair and installation works, as well as the production of simple parts. The priority of this case belonged to the German entrepreneur V. Siemens who in 1853 founded in the Russian capital firm called 'Trading House of Siemens and Halske' were performed under a government orders a series of telegraph lines. The Russian government to conclude a long-term contract with the company for the construction of new telegraph communication lines, and the company itself became known as a company for 'building and repairing the Imperial Russian Telegraph'. At the beginning of 1868 in private house on the 1st line of Vasilievsky island in St. Petersburg opened a mechanical workshop, for co-production of the telegraphs. Mechanic N. K. Geisler in 1874 in his apartment opened small electromechanical workshop; here was repairing telegraph 'Belle Black' and also master L. H. Josef in 1884 start to produce a small - wire switches. The second stage of the formation of the electrical industry in St. Petersburg was due to the introduction of the new customs tariff in 1891. First in a series of these enterprises, was 'Siemens and Halske'; N. K. Geisler in the mid of 1890s sets of commercial communication with the American company 'Western Electric' building in 1895 - 1896 in St. Petersburg a Branch of the Western Electric - telephone and telegraph plant. In 1896, a new venture 'electro-mechanical plant of N. K. Geisler and Co'; it was already employs 100 workers after a contract from January 5, 1897 between Geisler and the American company. In the capital of the Russian Empire there was 'a large triple enterprises': Siemens and Halske, Geisler and L. M. Erickson, determined by the position on the market of wired and later radio communications.

In November 1892 established 'general partnership' of the Dyuflon and Constantinovich to 'use of electricity and mechanics to industry, to the railway, military, naval and aeronautical affairs and the private use'.

Its founders became a Swiss citizen and Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz, who acted as representatives of the interests of two French companies: Sotter, Harle and Co and (electrical machinery, dynamos, motors) 'E. Gabrielle and N. Angenolt' / 'Е. Габриель и Н. Ангенольт' (incandescent lamps). Production activities based in St. Petersburg workshop and imported from France.
At the end of 1895 on the island in St. Petersburg land has been purchased, on December 14, 1896 has opened a new plant, electromechanical plant of facilities. In 1897, for the purpose of capital expansion general partnership was converted into a limited partnership 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co'.
It should be noted that founded in 1899 'Telephone ... plant of K. Lorenz', proprietor was a German citizen O. V. Treplin. In 1900, the industrial crisis has pushed the idea of ​​corporatization and owners association like Dyuflon, Constantinovich and Co. In September 1901 the general meeting of shareholders of the new company, approved its name 'Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical installations', the former partnership of Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co, as well as the size of the authorized capital in the amount of 750 thousand rubles.

The cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with security agencies, primarily by the Navy Ministry / the Ministry of the Sea, in terms of delivery of products for radio-military industry began in 1912
(General Jan Jacyna b. 1864, son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz, the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery, Major-General in 1911, married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki; he served in a "Main technical committee" of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891; 1901 - 1917 member on "the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry and next of the War and Navy Ministry in Petersburg; then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during the First world war; since 1915 he co-operated with "Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives.
Acc. to me, the cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with the military intelligence and counter-intelligence security agencies, under the Ministry of the Sea / the Navy Ministry, had started before 1912 because the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century and when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo but especial at the turn of the 20th century - it was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century; this connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?
Anyway it relate to Poland only, and not to our easterly neighbours, e.g. Russia and Belarus. This is exciting subject for our family and to historians for the sake of connections with a couple of intelligences, and also it's the example of a genealogical tree on which based the important military structure of communist Poland for 50 years. Very broad, general information on these reciprocal connections was published for the first time in 2003 at my websites after researches ongoing 10 years and it was possible just after complete destruction of previous political system. Particular families of our ancestry didn't know mutually each other and they didn't know general image of this military genealogy up to 1995 (in piece) / 2003 (better in detail). This strange configuration in the genealogy and surprising family relationships give evidence to military service of somebody from our Konstantynowicz family in Soviet Union),

and in June of this year also as a result of fire damage of electromechanical Plant company N. N. Glebov and Co, located in St. Petersburg, had started contracts with the Maritime Office on delivery of dynamos for radio stations. Shareholders decided not to rebuild the plant and the stock company transfered orders to the 'Electromechanical installations' - Duflon and Konstantynowicz. In the company of Glebov head of the test station was electrical engineer V. P. Vologdin. He signed in April 1912 contract with the captain of the port of Kronstadt to make a machine for high frequency power. After a fire at the plant Glebov, Vologdin passes in the 'AO electro-mechanical installations', where he became chief of the technical office. Since then, the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz transformed into a supplier of the main generators of naval power stations that immediately affected the results of its production and financial activities.
Besides, to expand the range of equipment for military radio, management begins with 1912 active search for foreign partners for the organization and production activities in this market. In July 1912 it acquired the right of representation of the French company 'Compagnie Generale Radiotelegraphique', CGR and offered military and maritime authorities a number of products of this company. On April 23, 1913 signed an agreement on cooperation with the French radio company 'Societe Francaise Radio-Electrique', SFR. 'AO Electromechanical structures' becomes 'the sole representative of this company to operate its wireless telegraphy apparatus produced in Russia', and in the same 1913 proceeds to own wireless telegraphy equipment workshops.
The Board of 'Electromechanical facilities', expand the range of equipment for military and naval authorities on the dynamo engines, dynamo - electric power and other equipment, in the spring of 1915 commissioned a new factory building. And in the summer of 1915 again petitioned to the mayor of Petrograd on the construction of two new buildings.

In 18th cent. we have the first connection of the Trubecki family to Glebov: mother of Nikolai Trubetskoy was Maria Yakovlevna Glebova.
In the 19th century the director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki / Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy, with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, has a daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebov, she b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936. Sophia married to Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2 , 1878. Vladimir Glebov b. 1848 and died ca 1926; his father Pyotr Glebov 1813 - 1883 and grandfather Glebov Mikhail Petrovich 1789 - 1852; great-grandfather Pyotr Glebov born ca 1760 ?
The 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. Nikolai N. Glebov b. 1864 was owner. Nikolai Glebov b. at Mologa County, the Yaroslavl Province; a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire, a member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party, engineer, entrepreneur, organizer of power engineering and electrical companies; inventor. Friend of Shakhovskii and Vernadsky / В. И. Вернадски
(Konstantynowicz next of kin - see below).
His father Nicholas A. Glebov 1824 - 1869. His brother Andrei Glebov born 1858 married to daughter of Mikhail Kutuzov Musin-Pushkin. Above Nicholas A. Glebov / Nikolai A. Glebov was son of Andrei Glebov b. 1786 and a grandson of Nikolai Glebov b. 1755 who had brothers: Sergey Glebov, Pavel Glebov, Dmitry Glebov born in 1766; all they had father Nikolai Glebov born ca 1730? Varvara Nikolaevna nee Lodyzhensky 1838 - 1921, pianist, daughter of Nikolai Lodyzhensky, she was mother of Nikolai Glebov b. 1864. The elder brother Andrei Glebov 1858 - 1895 was engineer. Nikolai Glebov b. 1864 graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Communications in 1887, became a partner of his elder brother, graduated Electromechanical Institute in Paris, specializing in electrical engineering. Founded in 1904 an electrical company 'Glebov and Co.' in Petersburg and in Moscow. At this plant as head of a test station in 1907 worked V. P. Vologdin. In 1913 it was bought by Russian electrical corporation 'Dynamo' from Moscow. Nikolai Glebov was the owner of the electricity company 'Electron'.

On above Vernadsky:
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. on February 28 / March 12, 1863, Saint Petersburg;
his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Anna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, was a Polish noblewoman.
In the summer of 1917 came to his estate in Ukraine. The founder and first president on October 27, 1918 the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Was a professor and rector in 1920 - 1921 Tauride University in Simferopol. The Vernadsky family arrives in Petrograd and headed a radiochemical laboratory, but on July 14, 1921 Vernadsky / Wernadski was arrested and taken to jail; The next day, he was being accused of spying, Vernadsky was released. Karpinski and Oldenburg sent a telegram to Lenin and Lunacharsky, and after Semashko / Siemaszko, Kuzmin and Lenin ordered the release of Vernadsky. Vernadsky participated in the creation of the Radium Institute. 1922 to 1926 worked abroad in Prague and Paris at the Sorbonne, and Institute Curie, which investigated for a new radioactive element - return in 1926. In those days, many wondered - how he survived in the years of repression? In the summer of 1935 Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky went abroad to Carlsbad and he worked in Paris, London, Germany - met with her daughter Nina b. 1898 in marriage Toll, In the years of repression Vernadsky resigned from all administrative posts.
From 1927 until his death served as Director of the Biogeochemical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In the summer of 1940 on the initiative of Vernadsky began research of uranium for a nuclear energy. Since the beginning of the war was evacuated to Kazakhstan.


The father of Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling /
Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt
- Louis Joseph Ferdinand Schilling was a lieutenant or colonel in the Russian army. His sister married in 1780 by Christoph Count Benkendorf / Benckendorf / von Benckendorff. The grandfather, Karl Friedrich, Baron Schilling von Cannstatt.
Anna Juliane von Benckendorff (under copyright by geni.com, Freiin Schilling von Canstadt) b. ca 1746; her husband Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff b. 1749 and her sons: Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich Graf von Benckendorff (b. 1781 / 1782 - died 1844, Russia's military commander, General of Cavalry, chief of police, Chief of III separation Office 1826 - 1844; brother of Constantine Benckendorff and Dorothea Lieven) and Konstantin Christophorowitsch Graf von Benckendorff b. 1785; and her granddaughter - Sophia von Benckendorff b. 1825; her father Karl Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1697, and grandfather Ludwig Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1654; her brother Ludwig Joseph Ferdinand Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1753, who has son Paul Ludwig Schilling von Canstadt b. 1786 - d. 1837 (Emperor Nicholas visited him to ask to see the telegraph experiments, he presented his telegraph in 1833 in Berlin; 1835, he again traveled to Western Europe).

In 1835, Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling introduced his needle telegraph. "...In Germany and Russia, where in 1837 he had suggested concrete telegraphic transmission lines, his ideas were largely ignored" but Tsar Nicholas I decreed on 19 May 1837 the construction of a 30 km stretch of electrically operated telegraph line from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, which was not realized because Schillings death.
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt, von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Note at margin:
Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt: Julius Karl Otto Baron von Schilling b. 1831 in Orgena / Orina, J rva - Jaani - south-west of Rakvere, J rvamaa in Estonia; his wife Elsbeth von Benckendorff Lowenwolde born 1843 Varrangu - south-west of Rakvere, and her father was Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, V ike-Maarja vald - south of Rakvere, L ne-Virumaa, Estland. Her grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 and great - grandfather Hermann Johann von Benckendorff b. 1751 from Wiborg (Viiburi, Выборг / V borg, Viipuri, Viborg), Karjala-Soome / Karelia.

Georg Wolther Baron von Schilling b. 1834 in Orgena, J rva-Jaani, Estonia. The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von R mer of M sleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, J rva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ M sleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani.
Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Major-General of the gendarmerie
(counterintelligence and being the successor in office of Benkendorf; General Dubelt / Dubbelt, Staff Commander of the Corps of Gendarmes 1835-1856)
Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region; he enjoyed high confidence and patronage of the king. Von Dubelt, Leonti Vasilyevich / Leonti Wassiljewitsch Dubelt (b. 1792 died 1862), born into a family of Vasily Ivanovich Dubbelt by his wife - Mary Grigorievna Shperter vel Medina Celli, Princess;
his brother Peter, Colonel.
Von Dubelt is the German noble family from Livonia since the beginning of the 18th century.
Ivan Dubbelt entered the Russian service. His sons, Vasily and Mikhail Dubbelt.
Above Leonti V. Dubbelt married Anna Nikolaevna Persian nee Mordvinov in 1818.
In marriage, had two sons:
Nicholas / Nikolai (1819-1874)
and Michail / Michael (1822-1900).
Michael Leontievich Dubbelt or Dubelt was Lieutenant-General (1897). Dubbelt / Dubelt Michael or Michail Leontievich who was born February 8, 1822 in Kiev, Russian cavalry Major General, he was commandant of the Tiflis Alexandropol / Aleksandrapol fortress 1887-1890. His first wife Nataly / Natalia Puszkin / Natalja Aleksandrovna Pushkin since 1853, born May 23 / 4 Jun 1836 in St. Petersburg, was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, poet. This son - M. Dubelt in 1860, lost above named Kuvshinovo factory in gambler to hands of Peter Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1826 died 1880, the leader of the provincial nobility.

Prince Troubetzkoy in 1869 sold it to Michael Gavrilovich Kuvshinov; his father Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804 and his grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy born 1760: daughter of Alexander Gruzinsky - Princess Darejan or Daria Aleksandrovna Gruzinskaya died 1796, was married to Prince Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy / Piotr Sergiejevich Trubeckoj (1760-1817) with four children, including Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy (29 August 1790 - 22 November 1860) who was one of the organizers of the Decembrist movement and was a freemason.

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin b. May 26 / 6 June 1799 in Moscow, Russian poet; his paternal grandfather, Leo / Lev A. Pushkin was artillery colonel; father - Sergei L. Pushkin (1767-1848), a Pushkin's mother was a granddaughter of Hannibal. Brother of the poet - Lew vel Lev born 1805.
Nikolai Leontievich / Nicholas (1819-1874) was also Lieutenant-General (1864), commander 1852 - 1856 Belarusian Hussar Regiment.
Brother of Leonti Vasilievich - Peter V. Dubbelt (born 1794 in Mogilev, Belarus now), the Adjutant in 1822-26 of General N. N. Rajewski.
A cousin of Leonti Vasilievich - Ivan M. Dubbelt (born 1805, Riga), served in the Estonian Jaeger Regiment, took part in suppressing the Polish uprising of 1863-64.
His son Evgenii / Eugene I. Dubbelt, served from 1861 in Tiflis / Tbilisi.
The Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river.

Boris Siemionovich Jacobi / Moritz Hermann von Jacobi b. 1801 died 1874, St. Petersburg, invented a number of instruments for measuring the electrical resistance - voltagometrom.
In 1895 Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrated the device, detector, which was designed to record radio waves generated by the storm front - first radio receiver suitable for the implementation of wireless telegraphy. In 1899, "Popov has designed an improved version of the receiver of electromagnetic waves, where the reception of signals - Morse code - was carried out on the headphones operator - radio operator".

Watch maker, William Brown was dad of Edward Brown, born abt 1819. He was a watch maker, too. Elizabeth Brown maybe was a wife.

On the Clerkenwell district in London:

Izydor Jakub Gudak / Isadore Jacob Gudak / Irving John Good / I. J. or Jack Good b. 1916, a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing; from a Polish-Jewish family in London. His father Mosheh Oyved / Morris Edward Good or Moshe Oved alias Edward Good b. in Poland in 1885 - 1958, was a watchmaker, artist, sculptor (also from Jacob Epstein and Ben Uri; friend of John Ringling), the owner of a jewelry shop (Cameo Corner in Museum Street near the British Museum; on cameos, antique watches and clocks; Jewish ritual objects), poet, Zionist and the founder of the Ben Uri Society / Ben Uri Gallery / Museum in London, a Yiddish writer, a dealer in antique jewellery. He learnt the trade of a watches ca 1900, but in 1902 or 1903 emigrated to England. Mother Sophia Polikoff. Mosheh Oved / Moshe Gudak in London set up an antique jewellery shop. Sophia Polikoff was born in Russia and came to London at age eight with her parents. Morris and Sophia met in London. The Cameo Corner was founded in 1908 in New Oxford Street (No 1, close to Kingsway Str., and ca 1700 meters to west-south-west of Clerkenwell in London, by the Theobalds Road to the west) by Moshe Oved and in 1939 moved to its permanent home in Museum Street, Bloomsbury (1200 to 1400 meters to the west of Clerkenwell). Cameo Corner was the principal centre for the sale of jewellery in London for the first half of the twentieth century.

On the other side of this mirror, in 1904 Sir Charles Hardinge, the British ambassador in St Petersburg, discovered that a servant had been offered 1000 pounds to steal the embassy's main cipher. And after 1917, the Okhrana became the first modern intelligence service to make one of its major prorities the theft of foreign ciphers. Dmitri Aleksandrovich Bystroletov, Hans or Andrei, born 1901, the son of a Kuban cossack mother and novelist Aleksei Tolstoy, conquest for the OGPU in Prague in 1927, a codenamed Laroche from the French embassy. Acc. to The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of ..., by Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin.

In 1902, Vladimir Lenin moved the publication of the Iskra (Spark, issues 22 to 38) to London at 37a Clerkenwell Green. At that time Vladimir Lenin resided on Percy Circus, less than half a mile north of Clerkenwell Green. In 1903 the newspaper was moved to Geneva. Lenin and Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (The Crown Tavern, 50 m east of Lenin 'Iskra') in 1903. But at this time people from 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company and around the Armand family were involved in 'left' activity:
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling who elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918; Brilling i.e. Briling, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's 'Iskra', 1907 doctor in field of engines.
At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Inessa was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon / the Duflon office address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903.
"Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupska. Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich / Константинович, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910.

The last of the Breguets, "... looked around for someone suitable to make a partner and continue the Firm after his time. He knew a first-class mechanician in Clerkenwell named Edward Brown, who was induced to go to Paris to look after the factory. Eventually he became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm. Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired, ... 1920. Thus Monsieur Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm ... The general information I have gained by consulting certain books such as ... Mr. Hull, of the Firm of Messrs. Le Roy, in London, Mr. Henry Brown ... and his son, Mr. George Brown... Mr. Desoutter, of London, who has made a life- long study of Breguet's work...", acc. to THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, ,BREGUET 1747 - 1823', BY SIR DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS.
The Brown family and others in Clerkenwell:
James Brown, at 24, Noble-street (south-east, ca 1200 m from Lenin 'Iskra'), Clerkenwell (Barbican) in 1828, and at 3, Newcastle place, Clerkenwell-close (900 m south of Lenin 'Iskra'). The Baume Brothers, Importers of Geneva Watches, at 9, Ashley street, Northampton square, Clerkenwell, and at Aux Bois, Canton of Berne, Switzerland. BROWN Sophia b. 1859 in Clerkenwell, London, parent James Brown.

Antoine-Louis Breguet drove the prestigious business into bankruptcy. "His son, Louis-Clement Breguet, eventually took over. He invented the first electric clocks but decided to leave and concentrate on electric telegraphs and telecommunications. The business was sold to the English watchmaker, Edward Brown".

In 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to
Edward Brown; he collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel,
and he met
Alexander Graham Bell
and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.

He had one son

Antoine b. 1851 and he was grandfather of

Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer.
The great-grandson of Louis Fran ois Cl ment Breguet:
Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, was the last of the Breguet family to run the business.

So he took on noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to look after the Paris factory. London-born Edward Brown became the factory manager, his partner - 1870 - and, after Breguet's death, the owner and head of the company. His sons Edward and Henry Brown headed the firm into the 20th century. By Michael Weare at http://clicktempus.com/turning-points-in-time-breguet: under Brown and his descendants, Breguet remained a niche Parisian watchmaking boutique for the next century. Edward Brown died in 1895, and was succeeded by his

two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

Thus Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm. The watching making firm continues to market itself under the name of 'Breguet'. The electrical instrument business trades first under the name of

'Breguet fabricant' and from 1881 - 'Maison Breguet'. The Brown family owned the Breguet watch brand for 100 years, five years longer than the Breguets. The complicated watches were built by the

Joux Valley's leading watchmakers

including the Victorin Piguet workshops.

1881 'Maison Breguet' that is Maison Breguet SA was the name given to the Breguet family business after it had sold off to Edward Brown in 1870 and reorganized by 1881. It manufactured electrical instruments, telegraphs, telephones, and industrial engines. It continued to operate in Paris until 1898 when its factories were moved to an industrial area in northern France, acc. to http://dssmhi1.fas.harvard.edu/emuseumdev/
Address: 1881 at 81, boulevard Montparnasse in Paris, next at rue Didot in Paris, and after 1898 in Douai.
Louis Charles Br guet, 1880 - 1955, was a famous French aviator, airplane designer, and industrialist, engineer, pilot, acc. to http://perso.wanadoo.fr. Louis Charles Breguet, his great-grandfather Abraham Louis Breguet. In 1905, Louis, his brother Jacques and Charles Robert Richet began construction of a gyroplane - prototype helicopter. 1907 the prototype made its first vertical take-off the pilot to a height of 50 cm. In 1905, he received an engineering degree, and the brothers began working in the family business for the production of electric motors and dynamos machines. Louis Clement decided to switch to the telegraph and communications.

Antoine Louis Breguet, Ecole Polytechnique, specialist of an electric motors, led the Breguet House, rue Didot; died very young, when Louis was only two years. Louis Breguet, an engineer at the Douai plant of Breguet House, interested in flying machines, assisted by Professor Charles Richet, a friend of his father, and by his brother Jacques, born in 1882; he went to work at the electrical engineering firm of his father, chief engineer of the Breguet House; in 1909, he learned to fly himself, acc. to: http://www.mae.ncsu.edu. In 1905 he was working gyroplane on a project.


Above named

Louis Charles Breguet b. 1880 in Paris died 1955,

was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers. In 1902, Louis married Nelly Girardet, the daughter of

painter Eugene Girardet.

In 1905, with his brother Jacques, and Charles Richet, he began work on a

gyroplane / helicopter. In 1912, Breguet constructed his first hydroplane.
Louis-Clement's grandsons,

Louis and Jacques Breguet

were France's aircraft pioneers, from the 1917 'Breguet 14' fighter-bomber helped turn the tide of war on the western front. Louis Breguet was one of the co-founders of Air France in 1933.
Engineer Louis Franzevich Dyuflon / L. Duflon, a Swiss 'Breguet' Company representative (he was very young, only aged 23), was Stefan Drzewiecki friend (the Polish family from the Volhynia government), and circa 1884 was searching of the structure of a dromoskop. Dyuflon sometimes was invited to have breakfast with Drzewiecki. Drzewiecki (Drzewiecki Stephane lived after in France: 5, rue Gustave-Zede, Paris) occupied luxury apartment in the house No 6 at Admiralty Seaside. In the evenings, the usual Drzewiecki guests were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov (Lyubov Orlova-Denisova married to Nikolai Trubetskoy, she b. 1828, d. 1860. Her brother Fedor / Fiodor born 1802 or 1806 with wife from the

Nikitin family.

 Sister of above Lyubov nee Orlova-Denisova married Trubetskoy: Nadiezda / Nadjezda / Nadine Orlov-Denisov married to

Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin,

he born ? and died before 1868, Major-General, ataman Orenburg Cossacks - his parents: father Andrew / Andrej Katenin 'youngest' b. 1768 and d. 1835, wife - Irina Lermontov. His grandfather Fedor Katenin and his great-grandfather Ivan Nikitich Katenin d. 4 December 1723. Mother of above named Michail Andreevich Katenin - Irina Lermontov / Lermontow b. 1771 d. 1818. His brother Alexander A. Katenin, b. 1800 Kluseevo or Polovtsov in 1803 with wife Barbara I. Vadkovsky from Jan Wadkowski family. Above Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin daughters: Mary or Maria
[Prince Nikolaoz / Nikolai Ilyich Gruzinski b. 7th August 1844, Governor of Vilno 1899 and Vice-Governor 1896 - 1899,

married in 1868 to Princess Maria Mikhailovna Katenin

- daughter of Colonel Mikhail Andreivitch Katenin, and Countess Nadejda Vasilievna, second daughter of General Count

Vasili Vasilievitch Orlov-Denissov.

He d. 1916, having two sons and four daughters: Prince Mikeli / Mikhail Nikolaievitch Gruzinski, b. 1886, a govt. official in Minsk in 1914, m. daughter of

Ivan Bzhozovskii / Jan Brzozowski;

Princess Mariami / Maria Nikolaievna, first wife of Andrei Alexeivitch Tregubov; Princess Nadina Nikolaievna / Nadejda Nikollaievna, married second time to

Lieutenant-General Alexei Mikhailovitch Kauffman, cdt. Grodno Hussars of the Guard, third son of General Mikhail Petrovitch Kauffmann, Engineer-General of Russia, d. at Warsaw, 30th October 1901;

Princess

Anastazia / Anastasia Nikolaievna Gruzinskaya,
1917 - she emigrated to Dvinsk / Daugavpils in Latvia,
where she participated in the Greek-Catholic movement]
and Sofia d. 1908 married Martynov. At margin: Martynov Dmitry M. born 1760 and his brother Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich b. 1774, d. 1839 or after 1840; a wife of above Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich: Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya / Elzbieta Tarnowska daughter of ?, Polish - but we know only Michal Tarnowski b. 1782 d. 1831 and his parents Jan Jacek Tarnowski b. 1729 and Rozalia Czacka - she b. 1783, d. 1851; her children: Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich 1815 / 1816 - 1875 / 1876 who in 1841 killed Lermontov in a duel, his family related to Kolirovsky and Romeiko - Hurko (Polish); Michael Solomonovich 1814-60;

Ekaterina Martynova Solomonovna

married Rzewska (Polish) / Rzhevskij Michal; Dmitry Martynov Solomonovich b. 1824 and died 1909; Elizabeth; Natalia b. 1819; Julia married Gagarin, b. 1821; also Pawel and Peter Solomonovich Martynov - friends of Stefan Drzewiecki, Polish nobleman but about Pawel and Peter no any inf.; above named Sofia d. 1908 and married ca 1880 to Viktor Martynov / Wiktor Martynow b. 1858 d. 1915 -

his father, Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich b. 1816

and his grandparents: Solomon M. Martinov and Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya b. 1783),
engineer Breguet (Louis Antoine Breguet that is Antoine Breguet b. 1851 - died 1882, was engineer and his son

Louis Charles Breguet b. 1880, d. 1955, was aircraft manufacturer

and was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers who - in 1905, with his brother Jacques Breguet - began work on a

gyroplane, the forerunner of the helicopter,

with flexible wings - like Igor Sikorsky and prof. Bothezat; Jacques Bréguet that is probably Mr Breguet who was the

engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Stefan Drzewiecki;

Louis and Jacques Breguet, of the famous clock- and watch-making family, were interested in aviation from an early age and on 19 September 1907, they, in cooperation with Professor Charles Richet, created the first helicopter),

Dyuflon,

botanist professor Poiret / Poireau / Poirot,

K. E. Makovsky (Konstantin Yegorovich - that is son of Георгий or Юрий - Makovsky, b. Moscow in 1839 and died in Petrograd / St Petersburg on 30 Sept. 1915, painter, 1891 had become a member of the newly formed

'St Petersburg Society of Artists'),

and the pretender to the Serbian throne, prince Karageorgievich, who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion (Arseny Karageorgievich b. 1859, d. 1938, who served until 1916 at the Russian military; the son of Serbian Prince Alexander Karadjordjevic and Princess Persia; was educated in Paris lycee and graduated from the 2nd Konstantinovskoye Military College in 1888; wife 1891/2 - 1896 of above Arseny Aleksandrovich Karageorgievich / Arseny prince Karageorgievich: Aurora Pavlovna Demidova di San Donato, b. 15 November 1873, Kiev; her mother Helena Petrovna nee Troubetzkoy, b. 1853 and married to Pavel Pavlovich Demidov; her grandfather

Peter Nikitich Troubetzkoy born 1826, her great-grandfather Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804;

her great - great-grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy b. 1760 died 1817; her great-great - great-grandfather Sergei Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1731 died 1812).

In 1892, Swiss citizen,

L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment

and opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 he concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman of the

Breguet Company branch

- A. Konstantinovich / Apollon (Apollo, Palemon, Apolon) Konstantynowicz /  Константинович son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office.

Together they take on more complex projects, and soon

the company taken the first military orders.

Since 1896 the enterprise was owned by trading house, after by co-operatives and in 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.

1895 

The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА) based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz / Константинович'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Дюфлон, his Swiss friend
Yu Dizeren

(Jean Dizerens or Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland; they were aristocrats who fled from Paris to Switzerland - Cully in Vaud, Lutry and Lousanne - during the Fr. Revolution, where they first settled in Lutry;

they were originally Italian noble family with last name diSerens or Diserens.
Also L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne.

The father of above Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Luis Edouard / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon / Lun Eduard Anton Duflon, who was born 1861, a Swiss citizen - was probably Francis Dyuflon / Frances Duflon / François Louis DUFLON b. approx. 1824 (1831 ?). His wife was Jeanne Louise Susanne CUÉNOUD born 1826; her next of kin from families: Mercanton, Jenny, Milliquet. Her parents: François-Louis CUÉNOUD and Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD (Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD b. 29.03.1792 in Grandvaux, the Vaud province in Suisse; died in 1864). Mother of Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jeanne-Louise RICCARD was born approx. 1757. Father of above Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jean Pierre Champrenaud. Father of above François-Louis CUÉNOUD: Jean David Cuenoud (Jean-David CUÉNOUD born 24.09.1774 in Grandvaux, Vaud province, Suisse and died on 13.02.1816 in Lutry, canton of Vaud, Suisse; maried to Jeanne Abetel on 14 August 1795 in Lausanne of Vaud province in Suisse).

Riex from Lutry 5 km distance only and east of Lausanne, 10 km.

The Duflon family nest in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland is to the west of Lausanne: Aubonne and Morges, where Duflon family was living in the 17th cent. - 18 km west of Lausanne.

The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
CHAMPRENAUD in 1748 also was living in Riex, Switzerland / Suisse. Riex close to Lavaux in Switzerland. CHAMPRENAUD in 1822 was living in Villette close to Lutry, too.

CUÉNOUD in 1774 in Grandvaux close to Lutry and Riex.

Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland in Cully in the Vaud province, Lutry and Lousanne.

Marie Elisabeth DUFLON b. 1690 in Riex, District de Lavaux and married in 1714 in the Canton de Vaud. The Duflon surname has ancienne origin: de Fluvio. Surname DEMONTET dit TAVERNEY in 1646 was in Corsier sur Vevey of District de Vevey in Canton de Vaud. The DEMONTET family was near by DUFLON in 17th century. Barbara or Varvara Demonet or maybe DEMONTET from Vaud province was daughter of Carl de Monet's that is DEMONTET or Charles Demonets / Monnette or Demonsi.

Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozana. Vaud is the third largest of Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size. It located in the French-speaking western part of the country.
See http://www.gen-gen.ch/CUÉNOUD-CHAMPRENAUD/Jeanne-Fran%c3%a7oise/1232358)

and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
Lots of houses No 7 and 8 at Pavlov Street (Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street) in St Petersburg in 1895 bought L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon / Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren / Yu Dizeren and (inf. about first names, father's name of Apollo(n) Константинович and middle names need to be check, on Yu = Y. K., L. F. = Louis Edward, A. = A. V. / A. W.) A. V. (A. W.) Konstantynowicz / A. Konstantynowicz for the electrical company (since 1922 the Petrograd State Machine-Building Plant 'Electric'; in 1923, the factory designed the first Soviet welding generator).

The site houses No 9 and 12 Pavlov Street got the Prince of Oldenburg.

The house No 14 in 1909 - 1910: factory building for 'The Russian Society of the wireless telegraph and telephone', in 1923 created Central Radio Laboratory - here was located the center of the main domestic radio industry (L. Mandelstam, N. Papaleksi, D. Rozhanskii, V. P. Vologdin).

A note dated September 21, 1895 from the Ministry guarantees that the plant 'will be to have a free hand for quick ... execution of its most difficult and painstaking work...'.
Domestic firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Константинович) which was a representative of the French 'Sautter and Harle', under a contract of December 4, been making 11 sets of electric winches for battleship's elevators and to additional elevator for 'Rurik', winches ordered directly to firm 'Sautter and Harle' (the 'Rurik'-I keel was laid in the Baltic Works in St. Petersburg, May 19, 1890).
Fuller was an order given in March 1905 to the company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' immediately by 24 portable electric fans of 300 m / hr. 'Navarin' / Наварин, based on the British Trafalgar-class battleship, was built in St. Petersburg, 1889 to 1896;
in September 1893, as planned 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' factory was appointed date of move of 'Navarino' to Kronstadt for completion of equipment and accessories.
To build a 'Громобой' / 'Stormbreaker' ship in the new dock of the Baltic plant started on June 14, 1897, and on December 7 of that year this new cruiser called 'Gromoboi' was enrolled in the fleet; guns delivered from the Obukhov plant, and a winches from 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz company'.

1896
In December 1896 at Lopukhinsky Street in St Petersburg, now - Copyright by http://rdp4v.livejournal.com/1449841.htmlAcademic Pavlov Street No 8, opened the first-born in St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry, the electromechanical plant facilities owned joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА), a large role in which played the French capital. The 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' office was situated at Aptekarski Ostrov in St Petersburg, now Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University is also located on the island. The Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street, also found writing Lapuhinskaya; lots of houses No 7 and 8 in 1895 bought the L. F. Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren and A. Konstantynowicz / Константинович for the electrical company.  Alexander Stepanovich Popov, pioneer in the invention of the radio was associated Google map of old Duflon and Konstantinovich plant in St Petersburg at Medikov Street. Copyright by http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=576093&langid=5 with the island; on March 24, 1896, he demonstrated transmission of radio waves between different buildings in St Petersburg and he demonstrated ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles in 1898.
From the report of the Vologda city council member, F. N. Ovechkin, we know about question on the electric lighting in the city of Vologda in 1896 when the owners of the electromechanical plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', addressed to the Chief of the province a proposal to build in the city of Vologda electric lighting.
Nelly Bogorad in a newspaper 'The St. Petersburg Rush Hour' in 2002 was writing 'The Case Dyuflon will live': "In December last year the plant, 'Electric', the sources of which were enterprising Frenchman and a Pole, created in 1896 by joint-stock company 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', has got 105 years old. But the big date, ... at the company was not mentioned. ... It was the culmination of a period of confrontation of the two shareholder groups, each pursuing its own interests. ... Both groups of shareholders began buying shares in the factory ... in the course of privatization got a 60 % stake. ... Member of the Board of Directors of JSC 'Plant Electric' Andrey Stepanenko, representing a major shareholder, ... explained why he and his colleagues have undertaken to preserve the enterprise. ... As noted by Mr. Stepanenko, ... is not more than four years to modernize and reconstruct capital assets, depreciation is not less than 70 - 80 % ... and Mr. Stepanenko and his comrades are waiting for the expansion of welding equipment in the U.S., Germany, Sweden and Finland".

1897
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant with name 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz, Dizeren and Co'. In 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.
Service of lighting in Irkutsk proposed 'Erikson' and the firm 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz', the Russian electric company 'Union' and General Electric Company and other contractors but on December 10, 1901 City Council received an offer from the Universal Company.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

1901 

The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

DEKA founded in 1901 on 08 June, as the transformation of the company Duflon and Konstantinovich / Константинович, which was founded in 1892 by Luis Edouard son of Frances Duflon / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon son of Francis Dyuflon or Lun Eduard Anton  Duflon, born 1861, a Swiss citizen and Polish engineer - technologist Apollon W. Konstantinovich, the Russian citizen. In December 1895 they bought the land in Lopuchinski Park in St. Petersburg. This factory was opened December 14, 1896. At the beginning of 1897 the factory turned into the Association and soon the 'Deca' began to receive government contracts, in particular for electrical equipment for naval artillery.
Louis E. Dyuflon was graduated of Zurich Polytechnic and starting as an engineer at the factory of electrical products, he soon became the official representative of the French electrical company of Breguet / Brown in Russia, where he met with the engineer Apollo Konstantinovich / Константинович - a representative of the same company in Moscow. Edward Brown from London became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm; Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

In 1901, the 'Deca' plant becomes a joint stock company DEKA. Capital 750 thousand rubles. In 1913 radio - agreement with French company SFR and it becomes a branch ot the SFR in Russia.

In the second half of 1901 Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was sent to Paris for equipment to  Copyright by http://qrok.net/9442-podvodnyj-flot-rossii-chast-1.htmlRussian submarines with co-operation with Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company: a main engine - petrol four-cylinder engine of the Otto-Deyts 160 hp, it was enough fuel reserves to 30 hours. The motion of the water provided the electric motor of 70 hp and battery power capacity of 1900 Ah and were made ​​in Philadelphia, USA. Equipment ordered factory 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg. The submarine torpedo boat No 113 was built during the winter 1901 and summer 1902. However, the assembly of the battery to plant 'Dyuflon' delayed until late autumn, did not meet the contractual terms (accumulators and batteries were manufactured in 'Deka' plant after 1908); 1903 - it was finished making the submarine motor.

Above Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was born on September 26, 1858 in the Alexinsky district of Tula province. 1879 graduated from the Technical College of the Navy Department, next taught at the School of Mine, graduated from the mechanical department of the Naval Academy. 1901 Горюнов Иван Семёнович / I. Goryunov, I. G. Bubnov and Beklemishev performed work on the development of mechanisms of weapons and electronics. Beklemishev was sent to the United States. In 1935 he was arrested by Soviets again and released. Gorjunov Ivan Semenovich b. 1869, scientist, naval military educator, designer of the mechanical part of the first Russian submarine 'Dolphin', Major-General. His son Nikolai Goryunov b. 1890, 1920-1927 the chief engineer of the ship's port of Sevastopol, was arrested in 1929 and executed in 1930.

Also tests of the Valentin Vologdin radio oscillator at the battleship 'Andrew' was successful; Marine Office was made an order for another twenty radio stations, which include a new power supply antennas. Order execution was entrusted to the plant by 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' for twenty ships. All of them are installed on warships of the Navy, have shown high efficiency.

1904 - 1907 
The beginning of a Duflon Company in Switzerland and France in 1904 (L. F. Dyuflon from 1908 resided in Switzerland). Within a few months in Russia and in 1901 / 1907 the beginning of the DEKA Joint Stock Society (Duflon,  Konstantynowicz & Company JSC). In this years a business started to operate in Aleksandrovsk / Zaporoze when DEKA JSC bought land in order to changeover of activity (see December 1915) in 1907 at address: Zaporozje, Motorostroitelej 15. On 15 November 1907 the City Council of Alexandrovsk allocated land for the construction of the brothers Moznaim / Moznaimov iron foundry and machine factory but this factory was bought by joint-stock company 'Deca' from Moznaimov in 1915 and reconstructed for the production of aircraft engines; today, the 'Motor Sich', one of the most famous in the global avia industry (the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company manufactured Salmson engines, Gnome, Ron - a production under license and by 1917 the production of the engines in all Russia reached 700 per month; about 250 were collected from the western parts; the Decka Company began to produce engines in 1913). Until December 1915 it made agricultural machinery and tools to perform different machining, cast iron and copper.
 
The "Credit Lyonnais" Bank in Geneva has got records, assessments and accounts for the Swiss country with reference number DEEF 30136  relating to "Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Company", that is  "Company of the Electromechanical Factories of Constructions" called DEKA of 1904 - 1916; researched in 1921.

The DEKA Company produced agricultural machineries and tools, various machines, a cast iron; the factory in 1907 - 1911 (iron foundry) cast copper pieces and iron equipment. Ukraine organized a Celebration Committee in 2007 on the occasion of the one hundred anniversary of the "Motor Sich" Company / DEKA Joint-Stock Company.

The joint stock Copyright by Moikrewni.pl. Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович details.company 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Polish and Lithuanian roots. Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константиновичfrom St Petersburg and Moscow was co-property of our Mscislau branch of the male-line descendants of Dominik Konstantynowicz and our old ancestry:

Apollon (Apollo, Apellon) Wasylewicz Konstantynowicz / Константинович who b. ca 1862 - son of Wasilij Константинович / Wasyl Konstantynowicz who was born ca 1840. The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand - Eugene born about 1842.

Wasilij / Wasyl Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz, was general of the Russian Army,
and Leon Bakst (1866 - 1924) is our far kinsman: his relatives, families  Tretyakov, Barsak, Klyachko and Manfred. His grandfather Baxter, probably English (mother side), acc. to http://www.leon-bakst.com/ - Collection Constantinowitz. Leon Bakst always lived with his family in St. Petersburg. Leon Bakst had two sisters, Sophia and Rose, and brother Isaiah.
April 28 in 1866 Leon Bakst was born in Grodno. His grandfather was a tailor in Paris and ca 1876 came to Russia, to St Petersburg. In 1878 Leon Bakst won a drawing contest at school and after he decid to leave college. When his grandfather died, his parents divorced. Kanaev, his friend, found him a job with Albert Benois, Alexandre Benois, K. Somov, W. Vroubel, D. Filosofov and his cousin S. Diaghilev. Alexandre Benois has friend - Count Benkendorf; Count put him in touch with Gran Duke Vladimir; Duke was President of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. 1903 Leon Bakst married L. Gricenko, widow of a painter, the daughter of P. Tretyakov. 1914 thanks to Count D. Benkendorf's support, Leon Bakst was elected as a member of the Academy of Fine Arts.
Above Dmitry A. Benkendorf / Benkendorf, Dmitriy Alexandrovich / Mita, born 1845, died 1917 or 1919; in 1910 became chairman of Academy of Fine Arts. State Councillor; in 1882-94 Secretary of the Embassy in Berlin, and later a member of the Council of the Russian Bank for Foreign Trade, the 'Russian Society of Sea, River ... and warehouses', 1903 - the Mariupol Mining and Metallurgical Society; amateur painter, graphic artist. His brother, Alexander, 1848-1915, Lieutenant General. Note on the family of Dmitry Benckendorf / Dmitriy Benkendorf (Mita) born in 1845. Benkendorf Dmitriy Alexandrovich nickname Mita, died 1917. His brother, Alexander Alexandrovich Benckendorf, 1848 - 1915, was lieutenant-general. We now check data on his father: 1. ? they were sons of Alexander Benckendorf (1819 - 1849), the Guard lieutenant. Portrait of Steuben. 2. or they were next of kin with the Nikolai Kropotkin: his brother Peter D. Kropotkin; from Peter / Pyotr Kropotkin, b. 1771 d. 1826 and Praskovja A. Gagarin b. 1770 d. 1850, were children: 1800 - Tatiana Kropotkin Musin-Pushkin, 1801 - Dmitry Petrovich Kropotkin, 1802 - Nicholas P. Kropotkin and 1805 - Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin died 1871 - father of famous theorist of anarchism. Near by to the Benkendorf family! Children of above named Dmitrij / Dmitry Kropotkin: 1826 Peter D. Kropotkin, 1830 Nikolai Kropotkin next of kin with Benkendorf and 1832 Ivan D. Kropotkin.

We remember about Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died in 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz;
Wiktoria - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899/1900.

Prince Peter Kropotkin b. 1842, Moscow, died 1921; theorist of anarchism, a historian, from princes of Smolensk province, his father, Prince Alexei Petrovich Krapotkin (1805 - 1871), Major General, owned estates in the three provinces; his mother, Catherine N. Sulima was a direct descendant of Cossacks Ataman - Ivan Sulima. Above Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin, b. 1805 and his father Pyotr Kropotkin b. 1771 and mother Praskovja A. Gagarin b. 1770.
Pyotr Kropotkin b. 1771, has father Nikolai Alexeyevich Kropotkin b. 1742 d. 1795,
and grandfather Alexey Kropotkin.

We back to the Benckendorf or Benkendorf family:
Alexander Benkendorf (1800 - 1873) in 1826, retired with the rank of lieutenant of the Guards, settled in Vinogradov, in 1859 bought the oil mines on the Apsheron Peninsula near Baku, founded the oil company 'Benckendorf', in 1865 he was in Moscow; his children:
a. Maria Benckendorf b. 1833 d. 1887 - her husband Nikolai Kropotkin b. 1830 and his brothers Peter D. Kropotkin 1826, and Ivan D. Kropotkin 1832; and her child Dmitri Kropotkin, b. 1857 d. 1902.
b. Above Alexander Benkendorf born 1800 d. 1873 (probably father of Dmitry Benckendorf / Dmitriy Benkendorf (Mita) born in 1845 that is Benkendorf Dmitriy Alexandrovich nickname Mita, died 1917 - you look on Bakst and Apollon Konstantynowicz). Father of Alexander: Ivan Benckendorf b. 1765 d. 1841, and grandfather: Johann Michael Ivan Benckendorf b. 1720 d. November 18, 1775, came from Johann Benckendorf b. April 26, 1659 d. June 17, 1727.
Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin b. 1805 died 1871 - father of famous theorist of anarchism Prince Peter Kropotkin b. 1842, Moscow, died 1921; theorist of anarchism. Near by to the Benkendorf family!

1924 Bakst meet Ida Rubinstein.

Nephew of Leon Bakst that is son of his sister Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg / Samuel Rosenberg was born in Germany (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) and Zachary Manfred, was historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) who born in St Petersburg (acc. to Eugene Konstantynowicz / Константинович - son of Apollon Konstantynowicz, Polish, and Anna Konstantynowicz / Константинович nee Armand, Polish roots - and his children living in Switzerland and Paris, France, that is grandchildren of Anna nee Armand, and great-grandchildren of Varvara Karlovna Demonsi / Demonets or DEMONTET; this Eugene Konstantynowicz, as a patient, was treated in Switzerland, there he became acquainted with Marusya, who cared for her uncle Leon Bakst, along with Sophia, Bertha, Paul and Emily). See: the Constantinowitz Museum in Meudon.
Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, in the département of Hauts-de-Seine. Chalais-Meudon was important in the pioneering of aviation, initially balloons and airships, but also the early powered craft (in 1880 Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs).
Klyachko, Maria Markovna (1895 - 1994), married name Constantinowitz / Marie Constantinowitz (1895 - 1994), daughter of Léon Bakst’s sister, Sophia Klyachko / Sophie nee Bakst (1869 - 1944). All information about Léon Bakst’s relatives are culled from 'My recollections of Uncle Lyova', the memoirs of Maria Klyachko-Constantinowitz and Manuscripts department, Tretyakov Gallery, fund 111, items 2632, 2636, and from Nikolai Constantinowitz, Irina Albertovna Manfred, Maria Markovna Klyachko who married a musician – a cello player Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinowitz (1890 - 1977). She met her future husband in Switzerland, when she was tending to the sick Bakst. Her two sons became architects - Nikolai and Pyotr Constantinowitz (Mikolaj Konstantynowicz and Piotr Konstantynowicz; but also is inf. about 3 children of Maria nee Klaczko / Maria Markovna Klyachko and Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinovich / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz) and 'Collection of the Constantinowitz family' is in Paris (among correspondence of Howard D. Rothschild were letters of Constantinowitz Marie in 1976-1980; Howard Rothschild born 1907 and died 1989 in New York). Constantinowitz, Pyotr Yevgenievich (Kанстантинович / Kanstantinovich / Constantinowitz Pierre was born 1928 and address: Or e du Bois Br l , 78380 Bougival) and Constantinowitz Nikolai Yevgenievich (born 1931 - Nicolas, 45B Route des Gardes, Meudon). Constantinowitz, Yevgeny Apollonovich (Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz son of Apollon Konstantynowicz; born 1890 - died 1977) was a cello and piano player; he was receiving a treatment at the same resort as Bakst. And also we know about Carole Constantinowitz.
Pierre Constantinowitz, route de la Bourbonniere, Chailly en Gatinais and 13 rue des Pres Verdy, Sevres, France.

On 21st November 2013 any Russian host ( Copyright: Рене Мария Арманд, 2013 Свидетельство о публикации №213112100583) show to us at webpage http://www.proza.ru/2013/11/21/583 a research of Rene Marie Armand and we can read:
"...In 1918, as the head of mission of the Red Cross,
Inessa Armand was sent by Lenin to France in order to take out several thousand Russian soldiers
of an expeditionary corps. She was arrested by the French authorities, but released because of the threat of Lenin shoot for her the French mission in Moscow. Inessa was really part of a diplomatic mission to return to the Russia soldiers of expeditionary corps ... All three members (Dmitry Manuilsky and Jacques Davityan) of the mission really concluded under house arrest, ... and released after the Commissar for Foreign Affairs G. V. Chicherin (and not Lenin) gave France a message that French citizens in Russia could be arrested. ... I write about my great-aunt Inessa Teodorovna (patronymic Fedorovna - tribute Russian language) ... But how do you know the truth about Inese? Even in our family rarely talked about her... It was all about the conspiracy. ... Marietta Shahinian could not tell the whole truth about the relationship between the trinity Krupskaya, Lenin, Armand. ...
husband of Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand - Гуго Эберлейн / Hugo or Gugo Eberlein
and a husband of another daughter Varya - Yakov Romas / Яков Ромас. ... 'Inessa small' - so everyone called Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand and Alexander ... Sometimes in Riga, where we lived, came Варвара Александровна / Варя / Varya, the daughter of Inessa / Inez... she did not just have to go to France or Switzerland, to see mother, who was forced to live in exile. It was sure that Inessa came from a family of Protestants, and that her husband was a Catholic. ... Before the revolution the Armands had a house on the corner of the alley Granatny and Spiridonyevka, owned by husband of Inessa. And a country house - in the village Eldigino, near Pushkin, in thirties miles from Moscow . ... Inessa and her sister Renee were born in the family of an opera singer and actress Theodore Steffen and Natalie Wild. Inessa Elizabeth, the eldest, was born May 8, 1874 in Paris. His father died when a little girl grew up and she turned with his aunt in Moscow. Woman and her two orphans, gave music lessons and foreign languages, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that Inessa and Rene fluent in Russian. My grandmother Renee, sister Inez, until his death spoke in Russian with a strong accent. I kept the letters from her relatives, including from her sons. They are written in French, the native language of grandmother Renee. She studied music not in Moscow but in the Paris Higher National Conservatory of Music and Dance. ... in 1850, in the family of businessman Piter Wild / Peter Wild and his wife - the French, born daughter. Newborn named Natalie. Wilde / the Wilds were parishioners of the Church of England. ...their name sounded like Wilde. Natalie, has a pleasant and strong voice, decided to continue his musical education in Paris. Parents were unhappy, but his daughter still succeeded. Woman sent to the French capital, accompanied by Aunt Sophie / Zofia, the sister of her mother. In Paris, appeared her idol - Comedy Opera tenor, born in Lyon. Fans knew him under the name Pesce Erbanvil / Пёше Эрбанвиль. Singer was the son of the venerable French bourgeoisie, who were ashamed of relationship with the artist... The family has a birth certificate Renee Louise Justine Stephen / Рене Луиза Жюстины Стефан, my dear grandmother. ... Inessa Armand - daughter of British (?) opera singer Stephen Theodore (nee Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville) and French (?) actress Nathalie Wild, also an opera singer, and later a teacher of singing ... ... Wild Natalie was able to insist on his own. To marry, one of them had to change their faith. Theodore did that. On May 8, 1874 at 2:00 pm, in Paris, at number 63 at the Rue de la Chapelle born a girl that happy parents named Inez - Elizabeth / Inessa Elizabeth ... In the Anglican Church St. Mary the wife got a new document with the metric record of birth Inessa Elizabeth - May 8, 1874. ... Natalie and Theodore had been born next child - a daughter again. Her name Rene Justine Louise. Natalie gave birth of three daughters. The youngest, Anna, will be not just a rich man's wife, but also an aristocrat, and receive a Russian title of 'Her Excellency'. ...Tired of quarrels and lack of money, Natalie said 'yes' to the proposal of the relatives send to Moscow older girl. Six year old Ines, along with Aunt Sophie, who so shamefully failed chaperone role, went to Russia. Everything. With her father girl will never see. His mother and sister come to Moscow only ten years later, after the death of Theodore, who died at age 36. ...On October 3, 1893 the parish priest of St. Nicholas Church in the village near Moscow, Pushkino, father Ignatius Kazan made ​​wedding of a hereditary honorary citizen, Moscow guild merchant's son, Alexander Armand to a French citizen, young lady, the daughter of artist Inez Elizabeth Stephen, Anglican. ... now husband - the
eldest son of hereditary honorary citizen of Moscow: Евгении Евгеньевич Арманд / Yevgeny Armand (Trading House 'Armand and sons').
Family of millionaires. Several luxury houses in Moscow - the Old Square, in the Cash Lane on Arbat Street, on the corner Granatny to Spiridonyevka, on Vozdvizhenka. Forests under Pushkino, hunting grounds around Sergiev Posad, land near Ikshi. weaving and dyeing factories. ... Armand family was significantly higher in the material and social terms than the Wild family. Wild / Wilde were descended from a teacher from England, who arrived in Russia with the invitation of Count Vorontsov senior. The real name of them was Wilde / Уайльд, but in Russia it quickly rechristened to Wild. From my father, I have heard that one of Wilde worked for a time as a manager of Count Vorontsov, who was known to Anglomaniac. One of the descendants of the Wild amassed a sizable fortune, but his successors were less able to commerce... too much invested in real estate. Bought the land, but it did not bring quick money. Wilde conducted in the village of Pushkin, where rented a cottage next door to the house of Armand. ... Inessa first appeared in Moscow in 1880. ... Inessa when aged 17 years received a tutor diploma. However, all girls had such a document. The diploma of tutor had
Barbara Karlovna nee Demonet / Demonsi and all her daughters, girls from a family of millionaires.
And the last - Inessa Steffen not married to the son of E. I. Armand but on his grandson! ... According to one version, Paul Armand / Поль Арманд was a shoemaker who had fled to Russia from the French Revolution. According to another version, Paul died on a road and his son Alexander to get to Moscow. But it is necessary to go to the old German cemetery, were we find the grave of the first Armand who moved to Russia from France. ... Paul Armand 1760 - 1835, Marie Barbe Armand, nee Collignon 1774 - 1872, Jean-Louis Armand 1786 - 1855, Jeanne Angelique Armand 1765 - 1813, Paul Felix Armand, 06.06.1816 - 03.08.1817. The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay / де Куртене. Armand was not married ... He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine. ... When Paul Armand married, he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand was
trading house of Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.
No one yet suspects that family Armand and Demonet in the future intermarry. This will be the heyday of the Trade House 'Eugene Armand and his sons'. The first mention of Armand contained in the book 'History of the French colony in Moscow from 1812...' by F. Tasteven. Tasteven writes that the first Armande / Armand, who arrived in Moscow, lived in Lefortovo, then the Lubyanka. Found in the book a mention of Mr. Freda Wilde / Фридa Вильде, who lived in the early 19th century on the Arbat. They lived nearby Mademoiselle Richard, in future Madame Demons / Demonet. No one knows what the future of these three families intermarried. ... In 1812, were arrested Jean-Paul Armand and his wife Sabina, as well as members of families Demons / Demonet / Demontet and Wild. ... They have relied on weaving, building two factories in the village of Pushkino thirty miles from Moscow. ... one of the descendants of Paul Armand, Eugene Louis / Эжен Луи. He was a talented entrepreneur and intelligent man. Evgeny left a sizable fortune to his sons Eugene, Emil and Adolf. ... Eugene Louis (Louis Eugene or Луи Эжен / Евгений Иванов Арманд) became the first of Armand who strengthened the roots of the family tree in the Russian land. In 1864, having achieved considerable success in the development of the textile industry in Russia, received the prestigious international fairs of several gold medals, he petitioned the Emperor Alexander II on awarding him and
his wife (Maria Frantsova) and sons (Евгении-Франсуа / Evgenii-Francois, Адольф-Осип и Эмиль-Александр) the title of honorary citizens (April 1852).
... published this document, as well as the decree of the king... Armand were Catholics, parishioners of St. Louis church at Malaya Lubyanka in which building, together with other French settlers invested.
Eugene Louis was married in this church with a beautiful Polish - Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya. Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat. ... Young Catholics family donated money and the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Pushkino.
When Armand moved to Orthodoxy, were baptized in this church grandchildren of Louis Eugene / Yevgeny Ivanovich. In the same church my grandmother Rene changed the Church of England to Orthodox in order to get married and named her Mary. But this name is never called, but gave it to her daughter (the couple had six children). ... Evgeny Armand, the eldest son, who worked in a textile factory as manager, after father's death led the family business. Evgeny married a girl from Demonets / Demonet / Demontet family, most of those family lived at the Kuznetsk bridge. Demonets have sent them son Charles (in Russia it was called Karl in German style) to study medicine, he became a prominent physician, professor of the Kharkov University. There, in Kharkov Carl and his wife, has child, Barb, in Russian - Varvara Karlovna. Marrying Eugene Armand, she gave birth to eleven children who safely reached maturity. ... For the Orthodox communion Inessa took its second name - Elizabeth. Now, according to the documents became Elizabeth Armand. Renee Louise Justine, which in the family simply called Rene. She graduated in Paris College of Music. Parisienne recently arrived in Russia had difficulties with the Russian language, which almost did not know. Therefore, in the family Armand, where the native language was still French, she immediately felt at home. ... After the wedding, Evgenii / Evgeny bought the estate near Pushkino for the two eldest sons. Alexander received the village Eldigino, Nicholas and Renee - Aleshino village, just five miles one from another. After the wedding term Inessa first child was born. He was named after his father. After Alexander Alexandrovich was born Fyodor / Fedor - Theodore. In memory of her father. After just a year and a half was born a girl. She received her mother's name. At first her family called 'Inessa small'. The next child was the Varia, named after her grandmother, Barbara Karlovna Demonets Armand. ...
In April 1897, were arrested three young men from the family Armand: Leo Emilevich, Boris, a student at Moscow University, and Евгений Евгеньевич Каммер / Evgeny Kammer, a student at Moscow Technical School and relative of Armand. Kammer older sister Mary was married to Sergei Yevgenyevich Armand, and brother had lived in Pushkin with his family. Armand's relative hired a tutor to younger children. It was in the room of Kammer gendarmes found illegal warehouse printed and manuscript editions for screen printing machine, many ready stencils, paint, stacks of writing paper. ...
Alexander E. Armand was busy from morning till night. In addition to managing the factories, it duties as a member of the Moscow City Duma, Zemstvo Assembly, a member of the Special Committee on charity beggars. Inessa decided to engage in charity. She began to visit homes in Eldigino and workers in Pushkin. ... She talked about her endeavor only to Anna his sister-in-law. Anna Armand married a Pole by the name of Konstantynowicz. Her husband Apollo, engineer, represented the interests of Russia in a major French company of Breguet for the production and trade of electromechanical structures. With his father-in-law Evgeny / Evgenii Evgenievich Armand, he was linked not only by family, but also in business relationships. He become the Chairman of the Board of JSC 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', as the head of the family clan and Alexander E., husband of Inez, was also elected one of the directors. In the same company acted Lyudvigovich Emmanuel Nobel, nephew of Alfred Nobel, who instituted a unique prize. While husbands are engaged in business, their wives are actively discussing ways to improve public life. Relatives friends began appearing at the family table... Semenovykh-Prozorovsky, Armand Maria Nikolaevna, who had married a son of the chief architect of Moscow... There is a curious picture, made ​​in 1906. At the head of the table - one of the sisters whose face is not visible. The right hand of her father - Evgeny Evgenievich, near Renee, then Inessa with Andriusha kneeling, opposite - Vladimir, and near the samovar - Anna Evgenievna Konstantynowicz. Old photo conveys a friendly family atmosphere. Of the six members of the family who were peacefully drinking tea and smiling to each other, three - revolutionaries. Inessa, Volodya, Anna ... Anna Konstantynowicz, heiress of her husband, who died in 1902, go abroad, where she became friends with the first social democratic circles, and then, following the example of Inessa, will join the Bolsheviks.

Most of his fortune she will donate to the party funds, and together with Lenin, Krupskaya, Inessa and other Bolsheviks back in the famous sealed train to Russia.

This group of people go down in history as a gang of villains who interrupted Russia's path to prosperity. But how can these people suspected of criminal intent to destroy the country?
Inessa and Anna Konstantynowicz, Alexander, Boris, Vladimir Armand who participated in the revolutionary movement, could continue measured life. But they did not allow a conscience.
... the family, who tried to reorganize society. ... loved aunt Inessa, Aunt Anna, and was genuinely happy when they returned from a long exile. Abroad will be only adult son of Anna Konstantynowicz and Apollo, and it is the only branch of the family Armand, which again take root in their historic homeland, France. All others (??) remain in Russia and share unhappiness people. ... Alexander E. wife released without scandal and even the parents explained everything. Couple immediately went to the Cote d'Azur in Nice. One could only imagine the feelings of parents and the whole family. Volodya was the youngest and most beloved son. Inessa was beloved daughter...".
Copyright by http://www.leon-bakst.com/php/famille.php?lang=ru
Inessa Armand born in Paris on 8th May, 1874. Name variations: Ines Stéphane / Eлизавета Фёдоровна / Ines Elisabeth Stephane / Elise / Elisabeth / Elisaveta / Стеффeн / Steffen / Comrade Inessa and Elena Blonina. Born Elizabeth Stephane, was daughter of Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville and Nathalie Wild; married Alexander Armand, Oct 3, 1893.

Alexandre Dumas points to Pescheux d'Herbenville / Pecheux and Ernest Duchatelet were involved in political trials at the time but the person who shot Alfred Galois (a duel) was by the initials L. D., a member of the Society of Friends of the People (La Societe des Amis du Peuple, in France created in 1830, fighting for a republic and for political enlightenment of progressive workers. After the 1833 trial, the society ceased to exist, acc. to 2010 The Gale Group, Inc).
And after - when she was only five - Elizabeth Stephane or Ines / Inessa was brought up by an aunt - new governess and grandmother living in Moscow - around 1880. Anna Asknazi vel Askenazy was friend of Inessa Armand in Moscow of 1909 and also doctor N. N. Pechkin, Boris Armand, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Константинович who helped out financially, Natalia Emil'evna, the twin Brilling brothers-in-law, Alexander Armand.
At the age of eighteen she married Alexander Armand, the son of Evgenii Armand, a successful textile manufacturer in Pushkino near by Moscow. At the age of 19 she knew only two languages until as adult she learned German and Polish.

Who was Inessa Armand? "Date of birth: May 8th 1874, according to Eglish Wiki, and April 26th 1874 – to Russian. Her father, a singer, is described almost identically everywhere, but her mother, Nathalie Wild, is called simply 'a comedian' in English Wiki, a 'half-French, half-English Jewish actress' in Russian. Other Russian-language sources mention only that her parents were 'actors', another one informs us that, possibly, her parents were not officially married at the time of her birth...".

Now few details about life of Inessa Armand. Source: http://creakypavillion.wordpress.com/.
Date of birth: May 8th 1874 or April 26th 1874. Her father, a singer, and her mother, Nathalie Wild, a comedian or half-French, half-English Jewish actress. Inessa's mother, Natalie Wild, also came from a French family that had settled in Moscow, although her roots was from Franche-Comte of France. Her father was a language teacher, and the Wilds naturally came to know the Armands. Natalie back from Moscow to live with a French, Theodore Stephane, and Ines / Inessa had been born in Paris 1874, as the eldest of three girls, born four months before her parents were married. In Pushkino, the Wilds had friends.
In 1879 her father's contract with the Grand-Theatre in Lyons ended. The notices of his performances in such operas as The Thief of Baghdad, Rigoletto, and even Faust were often good. They returned to Paris, where he rejoined the Théâtre de la Gaietie, but the marriage with Natalie had become troubled, and they parted, leaving Natalie, pregnant. Natalie's mother and her sister, Sophie, visited Paris in 1879, probably to help Natalie. They took Inessa back with them to Moscow. Sophie was a tutor to various Moscow families, possibly at times to the Armands as a governess, and she and her mother educated Inessa at home. Inessa's father, by his death certificate, lived on, for six years - to 1885 - after she had left Paris in 1879. In 1889. doesn’t mention her sister, Inessa appeared in Russia again. Inessa had moved to Moscow with family and she moved directly into house of her future husband, Alexander Armand, because her aunt was employed there. In 1891, when Inessa was seventeen, her grandmother died, and mother Natalie brought her other two daughters to Russia to live in the Moscow apartment, probably near Kouznietsky-Most.
She and her sister played pianoforte; her aunt provided all her schooling and she received perfect education in Paris ? and Moscow. "Some say her aunt was forced to become a teacher to provide for her nieces", and she didn’t have a place for them to stay. Inessa and Renee just visited Armands and were acquainted with this family; next Inessa, also was a governess in Armand family.
Inessa had married when she was 19 in 1893 in Moscow. She married Alexander and her sister married into Armand family, with Boris or Nicolas. Inessa forced Alexander to marry her. Together with husband they opened a school for peasant children. She used her husband’s money for charity for prostitutes. She falls in love with his younger brother Vladimir, leaves Alexander. She never married Vladimir becasue she never formally divorced Alexander.
She became a member of a bolshevik organisation in 1904 or in 1903! In 1908 she jumped bail which her first husband Alexander paid for her, about 5000 rubles, and left Russia illegally. She joined Vladimir in Switzerland.

She met Lenin in Paris or she met him in Brussels!
Inessa Armand was to become Lenin's lover, but without her marriage and husband, she might never have been to meet Lenin.

The Armand family home was extraordinary. Originally four separate houses. Alexander's father, Eugene-Evgenii Evgenevich Armand lived with his two brothers, Emil and Adolf. Alexander's ancestor Paul was killed and Paul's son, Ivan, started a wine-import business. It was Ivan's son, the first Eugene, who founded the Armand fortunes. Alexander's father, also named Eugene, was converting from the Roman Catholic faith to Russian Orthodoxy, and Alexander, like most of his brothers and sisters, was Orthodoxy.

At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Inessa was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903. "Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupskaia.
Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich / Константинович, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910. Inessa and Anna would finish the summer by attending the Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen. Inessa very likely was accompanied by her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich, rather than by Lenin during the days of the 1910 congress. On Sunday 28 August 1910 after the Women's Conference had closed, Inessa and perhaps Anna Konstantinovich attended the opening ceremonies of the Eighth Congress of the Second International using two guest tickets obtained for Armand by Lenin in Copenhagen, according to P. P. Bulanov, Moscov 1925, 75.
In 1911 Armand became secretary for the Committee of Foreign Organisations established to coordinate all Bolshevik groups in Western Europe.

Dr. Edward Reilly from Australia when was visiting Marijampole, Lithuania, in Oct. 2003, had seen the grave of Lenin's (??) son, Guards Captain Andrej Armand, who fell in Oct. 1944 as the front Lenin, Anna Konstantynowicz / Константинович and Inessa Armand in train from Switzerland, Germany, Sweden to Finland, April 1917. Copyright by http://www.pseudology.org/Bank/PlombVagon85.htm pushed towards Prussia. 
When Lenin was writing to Inessa Armand to Moscow by 16 February 1920, asked her about any products which were sent to Konstantynowicz (according to 'Lenin in his life. ...' by Е. Н. Guslarov; address of Inessa: Nieglinnaja street, house 9, flat No 6; s. 226). 

Anna Konstantynowicz, Lenin Ulyanov and Inessa / Ines Armand in a sealed train, April 1917 The coup d'etat by Lenin in 1917 Lenin and his money

The Armand noble family

Paul Armand was born probably in 1770, acc. to unpublished memoirs of David L. Armand. Paul Armand with wife Angelica daughter of Charles (1765 in Alsatia - 1813 in Moscow) and with 14-year-old son, Jean (Jean / Ivan / Jean-Louis Armand born 1786 or 1798 - died 1855 in Moscow) went to Moscow in 1812, when Napoleon was in Moscow but this family has appeared in Russia at the end of the XVIII century, an escape from the terror of the French Revolution. When Napoleon had to withdraw, Paul had no choice to withdraw together with the French army (author Svetlana Alexandrovna Krylatov, a descendant of the family Kurtener, during a meeting of the descendants of the merchant families in the former Merchants Club in Malaya Dmitrovka in 1990). Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede from Estonia, Jozef Hacker / Joseph Hakker / Osip Hecke / Hekke.

The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg: Charles Collignon, engineer; douard Collignon - after graduating from the l' cole polytechnique in 1849, in 1857 to 1862 he played an important role in the construction of railways from Saint Petersburg to Warsaw. Marie Barbe COLLIGNON (b. ca 1804 in Mercy-le-Haut, died 12 July 1883 in Tucquegnieux), married to Louis FLOSSE, born 10 April 1800, her father Joseph COLLIGNON b. 1774 in Mercy-le-Haut - his parents Nicolas COLLIGNON and Anne HURLAUX. Fran ois Collignon b. 1673, his father Hubert Collignon; Nicolas Collignon was son of above Francois; Nicolas Collignon b. 1723, his son Nicolas Collignon 2nd b. 1752, granddaughter Marie Barbe Collignon (b. 1786, d. 1831 and completely different person then above Marie b. ca 1804) - her husband Fran ois Navel. Sabine father has name Evgen the 'first'.

Sophia was the daughter of Ivan from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker) about 1850. No data about this Swede (from Eesti / Estland / Estonia). From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second' Armand. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.

In the second half of the 19th century lived with the Armand family a governess, girls Inessa and Rene Stefan, both were married to two brothers Armand, Alexander and Nicholas. Inessa Fedorovna in 1903, leaving her husband, lived with his brother Volodya and after escaping from exile in 1909, Inessa Fedorovna went to Switzerland, where she was waiting for Vladimir / Volodya.  Alexander went to Belgium, graduated on engineer to manage a factory of his father. After collectivization in 1930 he appealed to Alechinsky farm and lived until 1943.

Maria Osipovna was a musician and student of Nicholas Rubinstein (Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein b. 1835 and was a Russian pianist, the younger brother of Anton Rubinstein; with Nikolai Pietrovich Trubetskoy / Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy born 1828 died 1900, was the founder of the Moscow Conservatory). Sophia, daughter of Joseph was graduated from high school. Amateurishly painted. She was  in love with the youngest of the cousins ​​- Emil, third son of Eugene / Evgeny and soon married about 1883. The Catholic Church blessed the couple. Alexandr son of Joseph, wanted to become a monk, but he went to the army, and eventually became a police officer. 


Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand 		Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth; was married to a Polish woman, Catholic - Mary Frantsevna Pashkovskaya / Maria Paszkowski (Пашковские) daughter of Franciszek.

She was born 1819 and died 1901

and was highly educated, c. 1840 studied painting in France; she was a woman of strong and humble disposition.

Eugene Louis was married with a beautiful Polish - Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya. Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat. ... Young Catholics family donated money the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Pushkino.
When Armand moved to Orthodoxy, grandchildren of Louis Eugene / Yevgeny Ivanovich were baptized in this church.

Maria had a tender heart. In contrast to the position of her husband, his wife was educated, and drew quite well, in France she drew the ruins of castles and really liked them; Evgeny built in a park such ruins.  

She was daughter of
general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski with the Zadora coat of arms
who was born 12 October 1778 in Brody - d. 11 March 1856 in Cracow, friend of general Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

It's amazing that the October Revolution in 1917, which swept the Russian Empire, allowing the reconstruction of Poland, broke out just on the anniversary of the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, exactly the 100th anniversary of his death, and around Lenin appeared figures of the Polish nobility, which adopted a sense of the Kosciuszko Polish patriotism.
"Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kosciuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east".

On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.
The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities. This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland. Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state. Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

And now we look at the text below written in January 2014. Bogdan Konstantynowicz, the author of this website believes that we can already, after a quarter-century of research on my genealogy, give to my readers to analyse and rethink, a few comments on the role of our family Konstantynowicz and the Polish-French family Armand from Moscow, in the deep structures of political intelligence of Tsarist Russia and in the strategic network of Russia's technology military intelligence and then even of the Soviet Union.

This is the text for further discussion.

Approximately one hundred years infiltrating of the military intelligence of Tsarist Russia by Polish agents in the years around 1814 - about 1922, brought unprecedented positive effect - Polish independence in 1918. But the Polish country was destroyed completely after the events of 1939, and above all after the creation of the Soviet protectorate in 1944/1945. Jozef Pilsudski served for the military Austro - Hungarian intelligence, rose to the rank of brigadier general there / Brigadier. So he took advantage from the Germans and Austrians structure worked out into Tsarist Russia, which created artificial figures in the revolutionary socialist movement: Trubeckoj Nestor, Peter Kropotkin, Lenin Ulyanov, as well as in Russian networks of the military and industrial structures of the second half of the 19th century: electricity, telegraph, ciphers, decryption, generators, radio lamps, lighting lamps, aircraft, aircraft engines and vehicles, magneto for engines, new types of steel, electrical cables, airships, cars, radio, then television and soviet nuclear industry. At the same time, the French military intelligence expanded in Russia, by the old French families, and others: English, Polish and Georgian in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The network intelligence gone back to the Napoleonic times and the Italian Legions. Through these Cracow networks have developed for a family Trubeckoj, Kalinowski, Oginski, Konstantynowicz, Paszkowski, Armand, Demontet, Duflon, Rey, Diserens. Russian military intelligence and counterintelligence created by Baltic German families from Latvia and Estonia, went back as far to families: Schilling, Benkendorf, Dubbelt, Rosenberg, Gernet, Rehbinder, Rosen, and next a military intelligence network reached Georgia and Svaneti - Racha: Japaridze, Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Maipariani - full this system took over the Pilsudski movement from the top, among others by family Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Moscow, Tallinn and Viljandi.

The great importance in this system of underground operation had Armand family from Moscow, next of kin with the Wild, Demontet, a Georgian families, Konstantynowicz and Paszkowski. Therefore they were relatives of Trubecki, Siedych, Rosenberg, Armand, Manfred, and had a Georgians family: Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Japaridze and Maipariani. The Russian counterintelligence climb on this system. Now appeared Spychalski family, Jaroszewicz, Zarako Zarakowski, Swierczewski, Żymierski. On the margin remained Malkiewicz and Horodecki, Szostak and Zbieranowski and Andrzejak of Lodz and many others from Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Belarus and Russia, and Finland, and of course in Sweden: Nobel, Damm, Hagelin, Hakker. With the intelligence system Austro-Hungarian Empire and Tsarist Russia fully used the Jozef Pilsudski, in order to rebuild Polish state. Took over the structure in Lodz, Krakow, St. Petersburg, in Belarus and Moscow. Inesse Armand and Anna Konstantynowicz were planted to Lenin, not counting other Armands.

Pilsudski always spoke he has got a few or a dozen years to build and re-build the independent Polish state, because then Russia raise with knees.
It was surely Stalin who idolized the Russian imperial state. However, it succeeded smash Russia in the 1917 - 1922 and rebuild Poland in 1918.

Dominik Paszkowski born 1783 in Brody, the Lwow province; his father Jan Paszkowski was born c. 1750 and has got the Zadora coat of arms; married c. 1770 / 1777 and Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, general, was his first son.

Franciszek Paszkowski, in September 1800, was assigned to the Italian Legion. He served mainly for the staff of General Wielhorski. Attached to Gen. Lapoype and served his aide; in December 1801, Paszkowski wanted to emigree to the United States. In 1801 he met Tadeusz Kosciuszko. For the next three years Paszkowski was at his side, raising considerations of the Head. He collected the materials for a biography on Kosciuszko. 1804 to 1805 Franciszek Paszkowski spent in Chalons-sur-Marne. In view of the preparations for war with Austria was reactivated on the staff of the reserve cavalry of Joachim Murat as a translator and manager (by Wężyk, was adjutant of Murat). Did not lose contact with Kosciuszko. During the War of the Third Coalition Paszkowski distinguished himself at the Battle of Austerlitz, also participated in the campaign of 1806, in November 1806, together with Murat came to Warsaw. Prince Jozef Poniatowski in December 1807, promoted Paszkowski to Colonel and Chief of Staff of the Legion, and during the General Stanislaw Fiszer stay in Paris, he served as Chief of the General Staff. March 1807, one of the adjutant of Frederick Augustus Duke of Warsaw, was awarded the Military Cross Polish (Military Virtue). 1809, participated in the battle of Zamosc; after in Krakow. In May 1812 he was promoted to brigadier general. General F. M. Paszkowski was living in Tonie located north-west of Cracow, close to Bronowice Wielkie. Among prominent holders of Tonie were: Bernard Wapowski, Sierakowski rector of the Cathedral of Wawel, after his death in 1806 village became the property of the Austrian state, since 1820, Tonie leased General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, followed by his nephew (Franciszek Paszkowski born 26 March 1818 in Warsaw, Member of the National Parliament of Galicia, son of Dominic Paszkowski (1783-1866) and Anna Niemojewski d. 1872, brother of Joseph Edmund Paszkowski, studied painting at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, studied painting in D sseldorf, in Dresden and Rome; after uncle General Francis Maximilian Paszkowski was owner of Tonie). Lucjan Rydel in the years 1901-1912 lived here with the family, and Tetmajer. Francis Paszkowski born 27 September 1853 in Warsaw, lawyer and Member of Parliament of Galicia, was the son of Joseph Edmund and Seweryna nee Stompf, brother of Leon, in 1883, published the memoirs of Kosciuszko, the next owner of Tonie.

His family:
colonel Jozef Paszkowski 1787 - 1858.

Franciszek Paszkowski (Franciszek Jozef Wladyslaw Paszkowski) was born 1818 and died 1883, painter - who was studied painting in Rome 1839, acc. to J. Pachonski, and after was living in Cracow; here was member of the Science Cracow Association since 1848 - after 1873; his father Dominik Paszkowski was born 1783 in Brody and was brother of general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski (b. 1778). Jan, the grandfather of above named Franciszek - painter was living in Brody and was born circa 1750. Father of Franciszek - Dominik Paszkowski (at a portrait) and brother (at a portrait) Jozef Edmund Paszkowski. The same Jozef Edmund Paszkowski b. 1817 and died 1861, poet and translator.

Franciszek was a nephew of general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski b. 1778 and the nephew of Wojciech Paszkowski, who was member of the independent authorities of Galicia in 1809; also he was the uncle of Franciszek Paszkowski, lawyer, b. 1853 died 1926.

Józef Franciszek Daniel Paszkowski (?= Jozef Edmund Paszkowski)
with coat of arms of Zadora was born 3 January 1817 in Warsaw and died 1861 in Warsaw, too;

son of Dominik Paszkowski (father was born 1783 in Brody); he was related with Stompf family, the Lasocki from Lasocin with coat of arms of Dolega,  Kulikowski, Niemojewski, Gzowski families, his son Leon Ignacy Józef Paszkowski was related with Niemojewski and Falkiewicz.
Addition: Michal Paszkowski colonel of militia, died after 1819.

Maria Paszkowska that is Paszkovski has got

three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie that is Emil Armand / Aрманд (Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie / Emil about 1847).

All the sons had taken the house close to Pushkino factory c. 1875. The elder son, Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor. His wife,
Barbara Karlovna Demonets had 12 children,

all the sons were married and all the daughters married: it was told about 39 grandchildren Eugene and Barbara Karlovna (all 42 cousins). His wife, Barbara Karlovna  - a woman of extraordinary kindness and care, shelter under his wing all.

On the Saparov family: among others Tatela, Kalabekov,
Sofia Paat d. 1866 from Estonia / Estland (connections to the Paats' / Paats / P ts / Paat family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district; Paats' family moved to Asuncion, Paraguay in 1894; Jaan Paats b. 1861 in Mooste, P lva kihelkond, V rumaa - his father Jakob Paats b. 1833 and grandfather Peeter Paats),
Markaryan, Mary Mirimanov, Vakhtang Jalalov, Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglyarov d. 1905, Varvara Maypariani, Alexander Florensky (1850-1908), Tabriz, Nikolai Romanovich Karamyan d. 1930, Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, Leo Emilevich Armand (Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin) - Leo Emilevich Armand that is his father Emily E. / Эмилий Евгеньевич and Евгений Евгеньевич / Evgeny, father in law of Inessa Armand - were brothers; in Riga one of the descendants of this family is living. Any details: Saparov Pavel Gerasimov (1820 - 1878), was married to Sophia Paat (d. 1866), children: Saparova Anna born before 1845, Saparov Gerasimos 1845 - 1869, Saparova Elizabeth 1854? - 1919 was married to Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglarov d. 1905 and
Saparov Arkady 1854 - before 1921, was married to Varvara Maypariani:
children - Saparova Elena Arkadevna,
Saparova Tamara Arkadevna (b. ca 1880?) was married 1st to Ivan Iaparidze son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze (b. ca 1860) from the upper Racha region of Georgia (sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau (b. 1855) nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze; father Constantine died 1860) that is Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and 2nd marriage to Leo Emilievich Armand (b. 1880) - Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin;
Saparova Nina Arkadevna d. before 1920,
Saparova Catherine Arkadevna d. 1916 and
Saparova Maria Arkadevna.

Genealogy of the Dadiani and Japaridze - Imereti and Svaneti - Racha. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives from Sakartvelo / Georgia, Svaneti, Imereti.


Note:
The Melik - Beglyarov / Melik-Beglarov family from Armenia and Azerbaijan: Melik-Beglyarov Shaamir Khan Fridunovich / Shamir Fridonovich or Shemir Bey, 1808 Lieutenant, Russian service, 1821 as Chief of Staff for Commander of the Caucasian Russian Army, General Ermolov; Major-General, the translator of the Russian mission in Persia in Tabriz, descendant of an old Armenian Karabakh ancestry. Melik - Beglyarov Osip Fridunovich, 1826 - the lieutenant, in Karabakh, 1849 a colonel.
Melik-Beglyarov Gerasim - colonel of medical service, a nobleman, born 1851, the representative of the ancient Armenian Karabakh ancestry, a senior doctor of the 3rd Infantry Caucasian native militia, 1891-1897 in Elisavetpol.
Melik-Beglyarov Jason Hezekiah Luarsabovich b. 1861, graduated in 1891, the Ryazan - Kazan line and Moscow-Kazan Railway, was in that position until 1917, lived in Moscow. Paul Shamirovich Melik-Beglyarov.

Maypariani or Maipariani from Tbilisi, Georgia.

Japaridze from Tbilisi.
The Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე is a Georgian noble family, a princely one in the Kingdom of Imereti, and in Kartli, Kakheti. Under the Russian rule, the family was received among the princely nobility in 1850. 1. Dzhaparidze / Джапаридзе / Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე Prokofy b. 1880, Georgian Communist activist, as Alyosha Dzhaparidze, Alyoşa Caparidze, Прокофий Апрасионович Джапаридзе was Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Born in Schardometi village of Racha, Kutaisi Governorate, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti / რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი და ქვემო სვანეთი in northwestern Georgia. In 1901 in Kutaisi. In 1904 he moved to Baku.
2. In 1882, Princess Agrippina Japaridze (b. 1855 - died 1926 or 1927) became a morganatic wife of Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg (1850 - 1906) and received the title of Countess Zarnekau. Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ - a patron of numerous educational establishments in Russian Georgia. She taken controversial role in the secret marriage of Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina,_Countess_von_Zarnekau - Agrippina Japaridze was born in the upper Racha region of Georgia, parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze. Her father Constantine died 1860, and her mother Melania moved to Kutaisi, where she 2nd time married. Agrippina was sent to the St. Nino School, where she received her education along with Olympia Nikoladze, sister of Georgian statesman Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე / Nikolos Nikoladze. In 1876, Agrippina married a Georgian nobleman named Tariel Dadiani, with four children, Miquel, Levanti, and Nino.
Above Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე b. 1843, public figure, was born in the village of Didi Jikhaishi, Imereti, western Georgia. After leaving St. Petersburg he went to study in Zurich 1864 - 1868. During his stay in Zurich, through Paul Lafargue he met Karl Marx. While in Europe, he briefly collaborated with Aleksandr Herzen.

In the 1880s, Kutaisi became a new location for the Hopersky Kuban Cossacks, commanded by Duke of Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, b. 1850, was a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. On 3 August 1809, Duke George of Oldenburg, the grandfather of Constantine Petrovich, married to Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Tsar Paul I. Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg b. 1812 in Yaroslavl. Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp was known in the court of Tsar Nicholas II as Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg. Under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus, Constantine Petrovich rose to the rank of Lt. General of Kuban Cossacks.
Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg m. 1856 to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1831, the son of Tsar Nicholas I and commander-in-chief in 1877-1878. Their son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1856 was commander-in-chief of the Russian Army during the First World War I.

Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France. Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.

Children of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich (Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832 the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I; Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia
and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy b. 1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid) of Russia:
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia,
Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna,
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich b. 1861 and in 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie of Merenberg (relatives of the Pushkin family / Puskin/ Alexander S. Puszkin - family was near by military counterintelligence headquarters), Grand Duke George Mikhailovich,
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) b. 1866 - freemason, and near by military intelligence headquarters,
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich and last Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich.

Above Duke Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, that is Duke of Oldenburg / Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg, served as an adjutant stationed on the Caucasian Front in Georgia, under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus.
Above named Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel Daniel Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command. The Dadiani were respected noble family in Georgia, as a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty. Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani. On 20 October 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with a titleless Georgian noblewoman Agrippina Japaridze. Between 1883 and 1892 they produced six children, all of them born in Kutais, the Caucasus: Alexandra Constantinovna von Zarnekau, Countess von Zarnekau b. 1883 married in 1900 Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky, a son of Alexander II of Russia. In 1884, they bought a local wine cellar established by the Frenchman Shote in 1876 for bottling champagne, doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe). Above Prince George Gogo Yurievsky was the son of Tsar Alexander II and his secret mistress, Catherine Dolgorukov, the Princess Yurievskaya.
In 1885, Baron Arthur von Mohrenheim, head of the Russian Okhrana (secret police) in Paris, reported that the widowed Princess Yurievskaya had been using her money to finance a group of Russian nihilists who were attempting to kill Tsar Alexander III and his family.
Prince Viktor Nakachidze, was convicted in late 1885 for participating in a nihilist bomb plot to kill the Tsar. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina Japaridze, the wife of Constantine Petrovich, and to the Dadiani family.
Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg died 1906. Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia married to a local Georgian noblewoman from the house of Nakashidze, who was Agrippina's cousin. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina and to the family of Agrippina's former husband, the Dadiani family, which was then living in exile at Nice. Prince Victor Nakachidze was sentenced to death and sent to Siberia.

Details on the Dadiani family:
Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800 in Simbirsk, Sengileevsky County and died 1865 in Moscow, adjutant, Colonel, commander of Erivan Regiment; his father Leon Aleksandrovich and Maria nee Naryshkina; Piotr / Peter Katenin reported violations to the emperor and when Emperor Nicholas I in 1837 visited the Caucasus, he removed Alexander Leonovich Dadian and ordered immediately send to Bobruisk. His wife's mother, Elizabeth D. Rosen, was next of kin with Baron Alexander G. Rosen (1812-1874) - the hero of the battle of Warsaw in 1831. His father Baron Grigory V. Rosen (1782-1841), Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, General of Infantry, Adjutant General in 1818. And grandfather Lieutenant-General V. I. Rosen (1742-1790) from his marriage to the Olympia Raevskaya Feodorovna.

Note on the Rosen family:
From Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791: Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen nee von Gernet b. on March 30, 1821 in Reval / Tallinn and died 1884 in Reval, her father - Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 Lehhola / Lehola - 1857 in Lauenhof / Lőve, Pődrala, Valdamaa, Estland; and her grandfather - Carl Gustav von Gernet 1747 - 1812, and her great-grandfather - Carl Gottlieb von Gernet b. on March 18, 1700 and died on May 4, 1791 in Lehhola; her husband - Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus / Woldemar von Rosen 1813 - 1892 and his father - Hans Wilhelm Gustav Freiherr von Rosen 1780 - 1862. Above Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus von Rosen, b. 12 Jan 1813 at Resna, m. 1844 at Hapsal / Haapsalu to Hedwig Charlotte von Gernet b. at Reval, daughter of Johann von Gernet and his wife Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul of Habbinem. Sons of above named Hedwig:
1. Johann Wilhelm Fabian Richard von Rosen, b. at Neuenhof near Hapsal, m. at St. Petersburg to Sophie Valentine Schottl nder d. 28 Sep 1912 at Reval,
2. Leo Felix Karl von Rosen, b. in St. Petersburg, m. 2ndly in 1927 at London to Magna Smith daughter of Nadeschda Kowalewskaja Smith / Kowalewski. The palace of Herrenhaus Neuenhof that is Uuemőisa mőis east part of Haapsalu at present.
The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von R mer of M sleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, J rva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ M sleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani. Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Above Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800, was married two times:
1. to Princess Nina Farnaozovna Georgia / Нина Фарнаозовна Грузинская b. 1802, daughter of Prince Gruzinsky and Princess Anne Georgian Eristov - Ksani / Аннa Эристовa-Ксанскa, making his son Nicholas (1824-1829);
2. from 1836 to Baroness Lydia G. Rosen (1817-1866), daughter of Gregory Vladimirovich Rosen (1782-1841) and Elizabeth Dmitrievna Zubov / Елизаветa Дмитриевнa Зубов (1790-1862). Children:
a. Maria (1840-1894) m. Senator Nikolai Arsenyev, b. Anton / Anton Dadian b. 1841 - 1906 who has children: Nadiezda Antonovna Dadian, Dmitry Antonovich Dadian, Alexander Antonovich Dadian, c. Leon 1845, d. Mitro 1847.

Acc. to: http://www.royalark.net/Georgia/ under Copyright Christopher Buyers, March 2003 - August 2008.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria.
His father: Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani
(and his grandfather: Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani, daughter of Prince Kakhaberidze-Chijavadze; he d. after 1804, having six sons and three daughters),
m. Princess Rodami Dadiani b. 1820, daughter of Prince Manuchari Mikeladze. He d. 1856, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze Bego of the Guria, by his wife Princess Marika, daughter of Prince Tarieli Dadiani of Mingrelia; m. second 1859 and div. 1882 to
Princess Agrafina
(Agrafina / Agryppina / Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze; father Constantine died 1860; Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze b. at Radsha, Georgia, 1855; m. second, at Kutaisi in 1882 as Countess von Zarnekau by Grand Duke Peter II of Oldenburg, to Lieutenant-General Konstantin Friedrich Peter, Duke of Oldenburg, by whom she had two sons and two daughters, and she d. at Kislovodsk, North Caucasus in 1926)
daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze / Konstantyn Japaridze.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani had one daughter by his first wife, and two sons and one daughter by his second wife (on June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani):
- Prince Mikeli Tarieli Dadiani b. 1860,
- Prince Levanti Tarieli Dadiani b. 1864,
- Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani b. 1859 m. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani (b. 1855), eldest son of Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife, Princess Salomea Nino, daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua,
- Princess Nino Dadiani b. 1868 m. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani (b. 1864), son of Prince Niko Bessarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife Princess Nina (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Chichua.
2. Prince Nikolaoz Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1846,
3. Prince Platoni Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1848.
4. Colonel Prince Petri Aleksandri Dadiani, 1855, served in the Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878, m. Princess Agatha Dadiani younger daughter of Prince Ioani Elizbari Dadiani, by his wife, Princess Kesaria, daughter of Prince Vameq Giorgi Dadiani. He d. at Harbin, China in 1939.
5. Colonel Prince Giorgi Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1855, Col. of Cavalry, Russian service, m. Princess Nadejda Dadiani b. 1863, nee von Traumberg, adopted daughter of General Jakov Ivanovich Jzuravskii, and of his wife, Helena Zakharovna, daughter of Zakhari Chachikishvili of Natakhtari.

Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764, Ambassador to Russia 1805-1806, Major Gen. Russian Army, married first time to Princess Mariami Dadiani (d. 1802), daughter of Rustami Shervashidze, Duke in Guria, and married second to Princess Kethevan Dadiani, daughter of Prince Marshania. He d. 1834, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Giorgi Nichola Dadiani, b. 1795, m. Princess Varvara Dadiani (b. 1804),
2. Prince Aleksandri Nichola Dadiani;
3. Prince Besarioni Nichola Dadiani, b. 1810, m. Princess Evdukia Dadiani (b. 1810), heving one son and three daughters:
a. Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, b. 1830, Chief of Police of Zugdidi in 1857, m. Princess Salomea Nino Dadiani (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua with children:
aa. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani, b. 1855, m. Princess Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani (b. 1859), elder daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, by his first wife, Princess Sopio, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze, of the Guria;
ab. Prince Demeter Niko Dadiani, b. 1862;
ac. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze - he had two sons and four daughters.
4. Prince Petri Nichola Dadiani, b. 1812, Supreme Tribunal of Justice in Mingrelia, m. Princess Mariami Marika Dadiani, daughter of Prince Davit Gurieli, by his wife, Princess Elena, third daughter of
Grigol VI Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia - he had two sons: Prince Aleksandri Petri Dadiani b. 1843 and Prince Levanti Petri Dadiani b. 1848, m. Princess Kekela Dadiani.

The Lengold family, now in Serbia, Belgrade.

A son of Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg (daughter of Samuel Rosenberg, she was born in Germany) and (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) her husband Zachary Manfred: historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) was born in St Petersburg. He was a nephew of Leon Bakst.
In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory.
Viljandi has old residential architecture, among the fancy Villa Rosenberg, the house from the beginning of the 20th century. In 1937 the building was sold; was rebuilt by architect John Freshman. Here was living painter Johannes. The building is located in the old town of Viljandi heritage conservation area. Text: Agneta Land-Koskinen.
Johann / Johan Rosenberg b. 1826 - 1876 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-K pu m is - 20 km west of Viljandi, close to Kopu, Viljandi County, Estonia. K pu is a small borough in Viljandi County, administrative centre of K pu Parish (his sons: Jaan Rosenberg b. 1852 - 1907, from K pu Parish, T nis Rosenberg b. 1869 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-K pu m is, Viljandimaa; and Johan Rosenberg b. 1864 from Sulesaare talu, and last Mihkel Rosenberg b. 1867). His wife Kadri Soob b. 1829 from Suure-K pu m is, died 1874 in Viljandi (Vil'iandi / Fellin). His father Juhhan Rosenberg b. 1796 from Suure-K pu m is. His grandfather: Toni Juntsi Andres Rosenberg b. 1770 in Viljandimaa.
Rosenberg Fyodor / Fedor b. 03/01/1867 in Viljandi and d. 1934, Leningrad, Russian orientalist, the USSR Academy of Sciences 1923, the University of St. Petersburg 1889, 1902-31 of the Asiatic Museum. Pauline Rosenberg Leuska b. 1897 - burial in L ne-Virumaa (Rakvere district), Eesti, died 1982 in Ida-Virumaa - east of Rakvere, near by Narva.

In Estonia and Latvia in the nineteenth century lived another family by the name Rosenberg. These different families do not need to have any links of kinship. Both families: Rosenberg-Manfred and Rosenberg-Sir do not have kinship one with the other, one another, acc. to me.
A note on the Rosenberg family from Estonia. Mary nee Rosenberg came from Revel, died at 50's or early 60's of the 20th cent.; her sister - Wanda Rosenberg 1881 - 1959, daughter of Eduard Rosenberg. She was born in Revel, died in Baku. German from the Baltic barons; graduated from the Institute for Noble Maidens, knew German, French, English and Russian languages​​, sometimes in Germany, France and Switzerland. In the late 90's of the 19th cent. married Mikhailov Sergei Mikhailovich from Moscow and moved to Baku. Husband was a director of the high school. In 1906 he had a son Constantine, in 1912 - Boris. In 1937 Sergei Mikhailovich was repressioned in Stalin's camps; Wanda Rosenberg / Vande Edwardovna as wife of enemy was 10 years imprisonment. 1948, Wanda E. returned to Baku. In Tallinn lived her younger sister Mary Edwardovna Rosenberg - 1949. An elder brother lived in New York, where he moved in 1925; The family of the Rosenbergs had four children. Sisters Wanda and Mary and two brothers - Peter and Nicholas, one of them was a colonel in the tsarist army.
Alfred Rosenberg died 1946 was also from Revel. Alfred Ernst Rosenberg / Alfred Rosenberg Voldemarovich, in the family where father was born in 1862 in Riga, Baltic German merchant; Woldemar William Rosenberg / Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg / Walter Wilhelm married to - born in St. Petersburg - Elfriede Caroline Sir , a descendant of the French Huguenots family moved to Estonia. Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg 1862 - 1904; his father Martin Rosenberg b. 1820 (Martin 1820-96, master shoemaker in Riga), from Valmiera / Dickeln / Dikli, now Valmiera in north Latvia, south of Viljandi - Valmiera parish, Burtnieku novads, Latvia. Johann (1781), from Dickeln in Livonia (Dikel′n / Dickeln, Vol'mar county, Livonia, Russia; or Dikļi 24 km northwest of Valmiera, north Latvia, Juris Neikens, the pastor in the village and writer, the Lutheran Church Dikļi since about 1848). Above Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg born in Tallinn, Harjumaa, and died 1904 in Tallinn, Harjumaa; his wife Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Sir 1868 - 1893, her father Friedrich August Sir 1843 - died in 1916 in Baku, Azerbaijan; grandfather Otto Ludwig Sir b. 1809 in Liepāja / Libau, Office Mitmeister at Konigsberg, Hans Heinrich Company; Liepājas pilsēta, Latvia - Lipawa in Courland. Died 1883 in Tallinn, Harju County.
The Sire family among other from France. Pierre-Paul Sire 1756 - 1809 from Jean Cyr (Sire) b. ca 1655 in St- loi-de-Dunkerque, Flandres, Hollande - at present France. Friedrich August Sir 1843-1916, an accountant, railway official, most recently in Baku; and his wife Louise Rosalie Fabricius 1842-1919 / Luise Rosalie Sir (nee Fabricius) - she was from Lihula, L nemaa, Eesti; her father Johann Carl Fabricius b. ca 1812 from Pernau / P rnu. Daughter Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Sir 1868 St. Petersburg - 1893 and her son Alfred Ernst Rosenberg 1893 - 1946 from Tallinn. Above Lihula, L nemaa, Eesti, north-west of Parnu, and south-east of Haeska ca 24 km and Kiideva; south-east of Keskkula.

Note about Wittgenstein and Trubecki families:

1. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government; his wife Antuanetta Snarska / Antoinette Snarski born 1778 in Polock, her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr Trubecki / Trubeckoy b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
2. Mikolaj / Nikolaj Trubecki b. 1828, with his wife Liubov Vasilievna Orlov - Denisov, b. 1828 died 1860 but not 1869, for example, son: Piotr Trubecki / Piotr Nikolaievitch Trubetzkoy b. in Akhtyra 5 Oct. 1858 and died in Novotcherkask on 17 Oct. 1911, married in Moscow on 13 Oct. 1884 to Alexandra Vladimirovna Obolenskaya b. Moscow on 8 Nov. 1861, d. Authon-la-Chapelle on 14 Dec. 1939.
You see: http://de.rodovid.org/wk/Person:223460.
3. Stefania Wittgenstein b. Paris 1809, d. 1832, nee Radziwill - father Dominik Radziwill b. 1786, d. 1813; mother Teofila Morawska. Stefania was owner about 12000 km˛ that is 1 mln ha in Belarus (Miezonka...) and Lithuania. Her children: Piotr Wittgenstein b. 1831 and Maria b. 1829 with husband Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Her husband from 1828 Ludwik Adolf  F. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn) born 8 June 1799 in Kowno, He was first son of Ludwik Adolf Piotr / Pjotr Christianovich zu Sayn und Wittgenstein / Пётр Христианович Витгенштейн, who was born 1769 in Pierejaslawl Zalesskij either Нежин / Negine or Переяславл, and died 11 June 1843 in Lwiw / Lwow.

On the Wittgenstein and the Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij families:

a. Ferdinand Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1834 died 1888, married in 1868 to Paraskewa princess Dadiani / Dadian 1847-1919, see about Bagrationi Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky family; he was child of August 1788-1874, who married 1823 to Franziska Allesina von Schweitzer, and he was grandchild of Christian Heinrich 1753-1800 (married 1775 Charlotte Friederike countess of Leiningen-Westerburg 1759-1831), great-grandchild of Ludwig Ferdinand 1712-1773, and great-great-grandchild of Casimir 1687-1741. His father Ludwig Franz 1660 - 1694. See below (point e)! 

Western Georgia has the semi-independent prince-regent Dadian Grigol of Mingrelia. In 1803, his country was taken under direct Russian suzerainty until the dignity of Dadian was finally abolished in 1867. Prince Alexander Dadiani, colonel of the Erivan Regiment, was an imperial aide-de-camp but tsar Nicholas taken his sword from him, and have him sent off to the fortress of Bobruisk. Nicholas Dadiani in 1867 was compelled to cede all his sovereign rights to the Tsar in exchange for 1.000.000 rubles, a grant of estates in Russia, and the title of Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky, and his brother Andrew has the name of Prince Mingrelia.

Praskovya A. nee Dadiani married to Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, was born 1846 or 1847; her parents: Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800

(his father Leon A. Dadiani, his grandparents Alexander P. Dadiani b. 1753 and

Leonovna Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753 died 1812.

The parents of above Alexander: Peter G. Dadiani and Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja died March 19, 1780.

Parents of above Piotr / Peter: George / Egor Levanovich Dadiani b. 1683 and Sophia A. Imereti of Mukhrani b. 1691 died 1747)

and mother of Praskovya: Lydia G. Rosen born 1816 and died 1866

(a branch from baron Vladimir I. Rosen, born 1742 died 1792 and his wife Olympia Raevskaya / Olimpia / Olimpiada Rajewska born ca 1746).

Above named Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753, died in Moscow, February of 1812, married Alexander Petrovich Dadiani b. 1753/54, died in Moscow on 26 Jan. 1811. Her father Levan Bagration-Gruzinsky, born Moscow 1739, or 1730 acc. to me! He was in 1753 married to Alexandra Yakovlevna Sibirsky b. 1728. Her grandfather Bakar I King of Kartli, born Kutaisi 1700, married Anna Eristavi of Aragvi b. 1706. Her great-grandfather Vakhtang VI King of Kartli, b. 15 Sept. 1675.
More inf.: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/georgia/bagrat10.html.

Connections to the Paats family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district and the Helme parish in the area of Viljandimaa / Viljandi County

b.
Ludwig Adolf Peter (Piotr) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolph Peter vel Pjotr Christianowitsch, Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein b. 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government or in Perejaslaw-Chmelnyzkyj, d. 1843, his parents: Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein. In 1798 he married Polish lady from Polock, Antonia Cecilie Snarska / Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski and had in this marriage 11 children.  
c.
Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg or Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1725 and died 6 May 1797, Rheda. He was a son of Count Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth. He was taken captive in 1761, settled in Russia, and then serving in the Caucasus. He was married two times: to Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein and to Anna Petrovna Dolgorukova.
d.
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg was a side line of the Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg family, created by Graf Casimir b. 1687 - d. 1741, ruled 1694-1741, for his brother, Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1694 died 1750. Above named two brothers were sons of Ludwig Franz b. 1660 d. 1694, ruled 1684 - 1694.
e.
Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg (Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg) b. 1694 - d. 1750 and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth b. 1700 d. 1750. 

4. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 Negine in the Kiev government with his wife Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski (Polish roots) born 1778 Polock and her son Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, born 1799 Kowno, second son Stanislaw Piotrowicz Wittgenstein / Станислав Петрович Витгенштейн, born June 1800, Alexander zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born August 1803, Riga, and Georgij, Aleksiej and Nikolaj; her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein / Эмилия Петровна Витгенштейн b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828 in Moscow, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
5. The director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, she born 1828 and died February 1860.
Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov married Trubeckaya died 1860; a date of 1869 is error; her daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936; 5 October 1858 was born Pietr Nikolajevich Trubeckoj and Maria nee Trubecki / Trubeckaja born circa 1860!

Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka born circa 1840 was married to Konstantynowicz / Константинович / Konstantinovich (he was born ca 1840) before 1873, and next was living in Kazan in 1874 and she was probably from the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy princely family (Трубецкой и Эстония). I need to emphasizes that this is only a hypothesis but all genealogical and historical data lead towards the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy family. A son of Maria Trubecka - Wiktor Konstantynowicz / Victor Konstantinovich / Константинович - was living in Piotrogrod / St Petersburg in 1917 and Tallinn after 1918 but 1924 he lived in the town of Viljandi. 

6. Children of the second wife Zofia Lopuchin from 1860 and Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki:
among others 1862 Sergiej / Siergiej, 1863 Evgenij / Evgenii, Marija / Maryna / Marina Trubecki b. 1877 - died 1924 and Maria born 1864 - died 1926 ('the second') married Kristi or Christi

(the husband of Maria Nikolaevna Trubetskoy from April 1, 1881 became a cornet of the Guard Hussar Regiment, Grigory Christie b. 1856 d. 1911; but she was only 17? In 1902 - 1905 G. / Jerzy Christie has successfully taken the post of governor of Moscow; June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, his son Vladimir was born, d. 1946),
Grzegorz, and so on.
Webpage 'ru.rodovid.org' is informing only about 12 children but was 13, including two sisters from the first wife and son Pietr. Polish data base inf. only about the second wife of Mikolaj Trubecki! In 2011 I was writing on 13 children. 
Some false information about countess Sofia Vasilievna Tolstoi / Sofya Tolstaya / Tolstoj concern her life when she took children of her early deceased sister Princess Lyubov Vasilyevna Troubetzkoy (1828 - died 25 Febr. 1860), on the parenting:  Sophia (1853 or 1854 died in 1936),
Peter (1858 - 1911) and
Mary 
(1860 - 1926, but here date of birth is false; Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936 and Mary / Maria nee Trubecki was born in 1860 or ca 1853!
Different source inf.: Maria, born Moscow on 24 February 1860, died in Romania 1926 married on 1 April 1881 to Gregori Kristy. And next Marija / Maryna Trubecki b. 1864, died 1926 and - ? - was married to Kristi or Christi; this information is deliberately confused and mixed!
Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya was born ca 1853 or circa 1860),
because the father, Prince Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy on 12 May 1861 married to Sophia Alexeevna Lopukhina, and from his second marriage he had ten children. For older Trubetskoy - Sophia - was Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2, 1878.
So...

Some about the Tolstoy family and Golitsyn

Golitsyn Prince Alexei Borisovich 1732-1892, Major-General, his wife Princess Anna Georgijevna Gruzinskaya 1754-1779 and his daughters: Maria 1772-1826, Princess, her husband Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769-1844, five sons and four daughters; and Elizabeth 1779-1853, her husband Alexander Ivanovich Osterman-Tolstoy 1770-1857, had no children.
Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769/70-1844, from 1797 Adjutant General, in 1806-1807 the main army chief of staff, in 1829, Chief of St. Petersburg and Kronstadt. His wife Maria Golitsyn Alekseevna 1772-1826. Children among others: Egor / Jegor 1802-1874, Lieutenant-General, Senator since 1861, his wife Princess Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy; and Vladymir 1805-1875, Major General, his wife Countess Sofya Orlov-Denisov.
Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy died February 12, 1900, marriage: Jegor / Egor / Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy b. July 19, 1802 and died March 12, 1874, child: Mary Yegorovna / Marija Jegorovna Tolstaya born 1843.
Father of Varvara - Peter Petrovich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy, b. August 23, 1793 and died August 13, 1840.
Grandparents of Varvara: Peter Sergeevich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. 1760 died 1817 and Darya Alexandrovna Gruzinskaya branch Bagration of Mukhrani from the Royal Family died 1796.
And also:
Prince Nikolai Borisovich Golitsyn b. 8 / 19 November 1794, musician, and served in the Second Caucasian war 1820 - 1832, held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, great-grandson of Field Marshal Mikhail Golitsyn and son of Lieutenant-General Prince Boris A. Golitsyn 1766-1822 and Princess Anna Alexandrovna Bagration of Georgia / Bagration Gruzinskaya 1763-1822, granddaughter of the king of Kartli - Bakara III and great-granddaughter of Alexander Menshikov. Above Nikolai Golitsyn was also personally acquainted with Chopin and Oginski - both Poles.

7. Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov: her husband Nikolay Pietrovich Trubeckoj b. 1828 died 1900; his mother Emilia Wittgenstein b. 1801 died 1869; his father Pietr / Piotr Ivanovich Trubeckoj b. 1798. Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy in 1861 married again to Sophia Alekseevna Lopukhin b. 1841 died 1901; the second marriage of  N. Trubetskoy had ten children that is half-brothers and sisters of  P.   Trubetskoy (younger).
Above Countess Sofya / Sophia Tolstoy, born Countess Orlov-Denisov, died November 30, 1885. When V. P. Tolstoy died on February 8, 1875, his widow Sofya lived in Uzkoje estate with favorite niece, the Countess Maria Yegorovna b. 1843 and married Orlov-Davydov; she was the daughter of Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy, who was one of the owners of this estate in 1844 - 1845, and his wife Varvara Petrovna, nee Princess Troubetzkoy. When a son of G. I. Kristi - Vladimir was born on June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, landowner of the village Uzkoje, Countess Sofya Tolstaya held his son at baptism, June 14 at a local church.
Above Sophia V. nee Orlov-Denisov b. 1817, her parents Vasily Orlov vel Orlov-Denisov b. 1775 and Maria A. Vasiliev; she married to Vladimir Tolstoy born June 13, 1805; 

sisters of above Sofia Vasilievna nee Orlov Denisov: 

Nadjezda married Michail Katenin, 

Ljubov married to Nikolaj Pietrovich Trubeckoj; brothers: 

Fiodor with wife Elizabeth A. Nikitin died 1898, and Michail with wife Tchertkova.

The Nikitin family - among others:

Boris Nikitin b. 1883 and died August 11, 1943, Russian officer of the Imperial Army, son of General Vladimir Nikitin; educated in Tiflis Military School, he served in the Kabardian Horse Regiment, on November 30, 1916 served in the Quartermaster General Staff of the 7th Army; from March 12, 1917 counter-intelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District, from June 1917 Quartermaster - General of Petrograd Staff and after head of Intelligence in Department GUGSH, from July 1917
(July 1, 1917 Boris Nikitin, head of counterintelligence of Petrograd taken from French captain Laurent P. a telegram intercepted by Allied intelligence; their authors and recipients were Lenin, Zinoviev, M. Y. Kozlovsky, A. Kollontai, Sumenson and Hanecki; under the influence of evidence on the same day July 1, Nikitin wrote out a warrant for the arrest of 28 leaders of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin; a government collected 21 volumes of investigative materials destroyed after the October Revolution; see a memoirs of counterintelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District B. V. Nikitin, 'Fatal years', Moscov 2000, p. 85-86);
in September 1917, appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps and sent out from Petrograd; from 1918 to February 1919 the commander in Dagestan.
His father Vladimir Nikitin born 1848, Russian general of artillery, the commander of the Odessa Military District 1914, Commandant of the Pietropavlovskaja fortress 1916-1917 and he was meeting with Rasputin; the daughter of V. Nikitin, Lidia, maid of honor of the Imperial Court, was a hot fan of Rasputin, was part of his closest circle.

Stefan T. Possony, Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964; Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service.
"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer, after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks (in 1964) which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling (in 1964). But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky / Oleksinski.

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin."

"In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree.(1) The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech".

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary.
Professor Richard Pipes describes it:
'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

The Armand brothers received education  in Moscow, in France and Germany, mainly in the textile business and dyeing of fabrics.
Evgenii Armand and his wife Varvara Karlovna (Barbara daughter of Karl Demonet / Carl de Monet's that is Charles Demonets or DEMONTET from Vaud province / Monnette / Demonsi / Monnet) Demonets also had a very large family. Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow and in 1869 next child Alexander. Elizabeth-Ines Fedorovna Stephane fitted in nicely with her new family:
Anna and Alexander Armand were slightly older than she, while Vladimir born in 1875, Evgeniia b. 1876 and Boris born 1878 were somewhat younger.
According to: 'French settlers in Moscow and some of the descendants: Collection', the author-composer V. Egorov, Fedosov, ed. Moscow, 2005, p. 200-210 and Copyright © Institution 'Museum of entrepreneurs, philanthropists and benefactors', powered by Vadim Tretyakov: Evgeny and his wife Barbara Karlovna nee Demonsi had 12 children: Anna (1866 - 1932), Mary (1868 - 1942), Alexander (1870 - 1943), Vera (1871 - 1942), Nicholas (1872 - 1936), Vladimir (1874 - 1875), Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920), Boris (1878 - 1920), Sophia (1881 - 1941), Sergei (1882 - 1945), Barbara (1882 - 1966), Vladimir (1885 - 1909). Vladimir Armand joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna helped finance party organizations. They lived in Pushkino,  according to JoAnn Ruckman, 'Moscow Business Elite...', edit. 1984, p. 61 and by Egor Nazarenko - a great grandson of one of Evgenii Armand's brothers. They owned house in Moscow, but in summer lived in Finland. 
The Eugene family intermarried with the families: Demonsi-Shnaubert-Mathiesen-Bunkin-Tsitsin, Konstantynowicz / Константинович and Manfred, Kohl - Osipov, Pampel / Papmel - Mazing, Vdovin, Stepanov, Stephen, Wild, Karasev, Fedosov, Egorov, Zhurin, Pichnikovyh - Shaposhnikov - Zilina, Cardo - Sysoev, Fallen, Shapiro, Romas and others.

A details:
Schnaubert or Shnaubert Ivan A.,
Professor of Chemistry at Kharkov University, b. about 1781 in Giessen in Hesse region. He studied at the Chemical Institute in Erfurt, Jena in 1803. In 1804 he was invited to Kharkov University and was appointed professor of chemistry.
Boris Shnaubert b. 1852 in Moscow and died October 1917, a Russian engineer and architect, he served on the Moscow - Kazan Railway.
Kazan ca 1870 - 1890? Repeatedly executed orders from wealthy merchant family Абрикосовых / Abrikosov 1900 - 1904 in Moscow.
See Demonets
and Anastasia Gruzinskaya from Daugavpils.

Demontet / Demonsi / Demonets, Kazan ca 1835 - 1839.
Demonsi Carl, the son of a Frenchman,
a native of Moscow, he studied at the Kazan univ. 1837, was prof. at the Kharkov Univ., died in 1867.
Demonsi was in 1864 a Moscow merchant 1st guild and a shareholder of a plants in the Urals.

Barbara Karlovna Armand from the Demonsi family was wife of Evgeny Armand.
Her sons:
1. Aleksandr E. Armand 1870 - 1943, wife Ines Armand St phane - his daughters Inna, Varvara, and sons Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Fiedor Aleksandrovich, 2. Vladimir E. Armand 1874 - 1875, 3. Nikolaj / Nicholas E. Armand and his wife Rene / Maria Feodorovna St phane Armand 1872 - 1936, his son a. Pavel Nikolajevich Armand 1902 - 1964, his daughter Rene Pavlovna, b. daughter Marija Nikolayevna, 4. Boris E. Armand 1878 - 1920, 5. Sergej / Siergiej / Sergey E. Armand 1882 - 1945, 6. daughters: Zofia / Sofija, Anna Evgenievna, Viera, Evgenija, Varvara, Maria / Marija.

On the Mathiesen family:
Mathiesen from N stved is a town in a municipality of the same name, located on the island of Zealand in Denmark. The town is one hour away from Copenhagen.
Anna Henrikke Petronelle Mathiesen from Oslo, Norway. Jorgen Arthur Mathiesen 1901 was a Norwegian landowner. The Vvedensky cemetry, Moscow: Alexander Eduard Mathiesen, died October 1881.

Mazing - Korkus in Livonia, from Estonia:
Revel, Dorpat, Narva and Viru / Wierland - Varstu Parish in V ru County, and from Riga, St. Petersburg in Russia.
Motherland - the former Livonia, Estonia present. According to legend from the Swedish soldier who settled after 1630 in St. Mary Magdalene in Kayavere in Livonia.
Kaiavere - village south-west of Maarja-Magdaleena, east of Mullavere, east of Puurmani, north from Tartu / Dorpat.
Mazing / Masing Edward Wilhelm b. 1836 from St. Petersburg; Michael Masing b. 1836, Russian - Turkish war of 1877, general. From Dorpat Leonhard Masing and Ernst Masing; Otto Wilhelm Masing from Ida-Virumaa and his son Carl Gustav Theodor Masing; Carl Johannes Masing b. 1811 Rakvere, L ne-Virumaa, Eesti. From Piirsalu, L nemaa east of Haapsalu, connected to Mari Masing and from Roela, L ne-Viru County, Estonia - soth-east of Rakvere; and an area south of Viljandi - Valga county; also from Iisaku, Ida-Virumaa, Eesti. Heinkople Ado Masing b. ca 1833 d. 1896 in
Raikk la m is Lipa, Harjumaa;
from M rjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia, east of Haapsalu. Christoph Otto Wilhelm Masing; Peter Otto Christoph Masing b. 1811, from Riga; Carl Michael Reinhold Masing, general of artillery.

The Manzing / Mansing / Masing family from Revel are not Estonian, only Swedish descendants and come from Sweden.
On the Bunkin family and Shnaubert:
Carl Shnaubert, a doctor, at the beginning of the XIX century in Moscow.
Constantine Bunkin, Eng., took part in the construction of the first Soviet helicopter.
On the Tsitsin family: Natalia Tsitsin art restorer, a granddaughter of the architect Boris Shnaubert (born in 1925) and Maria - died in 1915. Boris Shnaubert died in 1917. Her father Konstantin Bunkin, engineer.
On the Manfred family:
Albert Z. Manfred 1906 St. Petersburg, his father

Manfred L. Zachar / Zakhar / Zahar, worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, the French language was Manfred native one. He studied in St. Petersburg.

About Pampel / Papmel:

Papmel Alexander d. 1958, in France; Papmel E., a native of Finland.

Pampel Eduard 1884 - 1952, Germany, began his career in Russia: Lessner factory in St. Petersburg 1911, then entered the factory Becker in Revel; he worked at the aerodynamic laboratory of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute 1917, shipbuilding division Putilov factory. Plant Becker was in Revel that is Revel Shipyard BECKER & Co. / Joint Stock Company 'metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants Becker & Co.' in Reval / Tallinn. During the First World War, it had to be evacuated to Novorossiysk, where it is located on the site of a small factory Muller, Lampe & Co., after which he ever lost shipbuilding specialization. The factory made ​​machine-gun and artillery tower installation of armored trains.

Adolf and his wife, Alexandra, nee Lengold had three children: Andrew (1875 - 1884), Helen (1876 - 1958) and Margaret (1881 - 1882). They intermarried with the families of Repman, Gauthier, Doble, and others.
     Emil E. was married to Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke). They had six children: Leo (1880 - 1942), Natalie (1881 - ?), Mary (1883 -), Sophia (1885 - 1923?), Paul (1887 - 1892), Eugene (1890 -). They intermarried with the family Kindinger and others.

As a young man, Evgeny Armand was a clerk - official at a German factory in Vanteevke near by Bolshevo about 1845, in 1853 Evgeny bought dyeing factory in Pushkino, Moscow Province, from the French owner, Favard; in 1859, Evgeny build a second factory close to this one; c. 1865 Evgeny built a house and made it his residence. In addition there were houses in Moscow, four-story office in the Old Square, at the corner Varvarka, an apartment house in the German market, the trading house on Vozdvizhenka street near the Arbat Square. They were co-owners of the Firm 'E. Armand and his sons', and two textile factories in the Moscow suburb, owned houses in Moscow and estates in the suburbs, were members of the charitable community organizations.  

A brothers Brilling, Nicholas R. and Eugene R., big engineers of engines, operating in the Soviet era and even after World War II, Nikolai Romanovich was a famous theorist, honored worker of science, the brothers were married to two sisters Armand. There were another of the next of kin, Dr. Kohl and K. Fedosov and Konstantynowicz. The middle brother, Adolph E. was, in contrast to his elder brother. Three brothers lived lavishly, but these great bourgeois clan Armand began to decline but the 'Evgenii Armand and Sons' Company by 1912 had two thousand employees. However, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, all Armand continued to live in Pushkino and Nicholas Vladislavovich Ivinsky was here as governor.  

1909 - 1910 

Battleships 'Sevastopol', 'Petropavlovsk', 'Poltava' and 'Gangut' were laid in June 1909 in Petersburg and the construction of new battleships required the use of private businesses: 'Kulebaki association Prodamet', 'Metal',  'Putilov', Obukhov, 'G. A. Lessner' and of course for electrical equipment, plants 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.', 'Volta', 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'Geisler and Erickson'.
Acc. to: R. M. Melnikov, 'The battleship "Emperor Pavel I" 1906 - 1925', "... the beginning of all this work (with 'Emperor Pavel I') relates to 1906, when the plants have started to implement orders in mine arms, and until 1912 the ship is in a period of buildings and testing. During this time, were made all the principal mine works, equipped with facilities, installed devices, pumps, duct, radio, floodlights, alarm systems and all electrical installations. Since 1912, the ship enters into ... fleet ... Ship's electrical systems ... the ship in 1911 taken from plants: the Baltic, Volta, Geisler, 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and from the Kronshtadt port. ... In 1911, on the march back from Kronstadt to Revel was acceptance ... electric steering device, manufactured by the 'Volta'. ... there are two portable electric water turbines made by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' tested in 1912 ... Two electric winches ... were installed at the ship and manufactured by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in 1911. ... shunt motor for polishing metal capacity of 1 kilowatt ... in 1911 made by the 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and installed on a ship ... In 1912, from the plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', were two 90-cm projectors of Sotter with gilt metal parabolic reflectors. Spotlight placed on the anterior and posterior bridges on the rails, which can be rolled from side to side...".

The Ministry of the Navy ordered 32 of the fortress spotlight diameter of 210 cm of an Italian company 'Officine Galileo' for Revel at the beginning of 1914. When the war began contract was terminated, and the Castle Management Committee arranged a competition among Russian electrical engineering firms. 16 spotlights a diameter of 200 cm gave Russian branch of the Siemens - Schuckert factory in St Petersburg, and spotlights with smaller diameters (all 60) - The Company electromechanical structures (former 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'). In the meantime, had to interrupt the test of Italian spotlight (The Officine Galileo / Galileo Workshop is an important Italian manufacturer of scientific instruments; at present - scientific instruments for satellites; located in Campi Bisenzio, in the province of Florence, 1862 by Giovanni Battista Donati, Angelo Vegni, and after Guglielmo Marconi; 1873, the production was extended to electric tools, lighting, optical instruments, periscopes, stereoscopic rangefinders) and set it on the Weems peninsula. The War Department has transferred to the fortress a spotlights to the north coast of the island Nargen and another on Surop peninsula near Marah.

Curiosity: on 28 August 1909 a robbery at a very mysterious circumstances, committed in the night of August 14 at the factory company 'L. Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' on Lopukhinsky Street. The plant was guarded by night watchmen, but from the office was stolen 5000 rubles. The money were intended for delivery to the workers. One key had got a porter, the other an accountant and no traces on the walls.
In 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' of 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis.

1892 -  1910 


"In 1892, Swiss citizen, L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon (built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment and) opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman A. Konstantinovich / Константинович / Apollon (Apollo) Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office. Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian Merchants, E-mail: okipr@yandex.ru © 2004 ОБЩЕСТВО КУПЦОВ И ПРОМЫШЛЕННИКОВ. Apollo / Apollon Konstantynowicz / Константинович with wife Anna Armand
Together they take on more complex projects, and soon the company was the first military orders. Only a few years, and its mechanisms and electrical devices are mounted on Russian shipyards, battleships and to coastal artillery batteries ... in 1896 Konstantynowicz and K. Dyuflon build a new plant and establish joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and company'. The firm 'Deca' in addition to the main office in St. Petersburg, which was headed by Dyuflon opens branch in Moscow (headed by Konstantynowicz / Константинович). Soon the production of 'Deca' is widely known, and representative of JSC appear in Kharkov and Yekaterinburg / Ekaterinburg, address: Main Avenue, the Izboldin house, ... industrial regions of Ukraine, Tavria, Volga and Ural. Business are growing along with demand for high quality equipment. It is planned to open offices in Kronstadt, Revel (now Tallinn), Nikolayev and Sevastopol. For the development of new products plant 'Deca' in St. Petersburg is equipped with latest imported equipment specially purchased in France, England and America, but do not stop and his own. Beginning of the twentieth century marked ... the conquest of the air disaster. There are first guided balloons - airships and fundamentally new type of technology - the airplane. While this is not transportation, but rather fun. Undertake the construction of single-aircraft enthusiasts. ... of 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis. In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca' (shareholders are thinking about such promising areas as aeronautics and aviation and aircraft engines). When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province" (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010). 

The 'Duflon and Konstantinovich' Company Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8:

Evgeny / Armand Evgenii / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'; Maria Paszkowska / Paszkovski has got three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie / Emil Armand / Aрманд (Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie about 1847), Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor;
his wife, Barbara Karlovna Demonets / De Monets or DEMONTET had 12 children:
Anna (1866 - 1932) Konstantynowicz,
Mary (1868 - 1942),
Alexandr / Alexander (1870 - 1943) Armand - hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for the Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons', a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Vera / Wiera (1871 - 1942),
Nicholas (1872 - 1936) / Mikolaj Armand,
Vladimir (1874 - 1875),
Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920) that is Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons', chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Boris (1878 - 1920),
Sophia (1881 - 1941),
Sergei (1882 - 1945),
Barbara (1882 - 1966),
Vladimir (1885 - 1909) Armand who joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz helped finance party organizations; see: Inessa Armand and Lenin.

Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg 1906 - 1914,

Louis F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland,

Alexander E. Armand / Armand Alexandr, hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',

count Sergei von Gernet son of Pavel Gernet from Estland province, Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt' / society 'Bahmutskiy salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.',

Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo',

count Albert R. de Gern / Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company,

Masson Ph. Charles / CHARLE Masson son of Philiberte / Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert (name Masse by Russian language) was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow).

His father probably:
Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert, born 1806 in Auxonne and died 1860 in Paris, is a French physicist; "...he was responsible for the invention of the induction coil (with Louis Breguet) that bears Ruhmkorff's name. He realized tests telegraph transmission in ... Caen (in 1831, after a year of teaching mathematics at Montpellier, he moved to Caen, where he taught physical sciences at the College Royal until 1839; unaware of the discoveries of Joseph Henry or William Jenkins, Masson in 1834 observed independently the self-induction of a voltaic circuit; he described his investigation of this phenomenon and, ... demonstrated the tetanic effect of a series of rapidly repeated self-induced currents; ... Masson constructed some of the earliest induction coils). His research and publications cover areas as diverse as photometry, induction, the movement of fluids ... Antoine MASSON is the descendant of a family of cloth merchants from Burgundy. His father, Pierre Antoine Masson Fourth (the name of his wife) had studied pharmacy ... and will move to Dijon when the young Antoine just 6 years. ...In 1839, he was appointed professor of physics at the ... Ecole Centrale de Paris. With Breguet, it carries an electric telegraph in 1838 and in 1841, the first inductor to study electrical discharges in rarefied gases (in 1841, together with Louis Breguet, he described a high-tension induction coil of the type Ruhmkorff subsequently perfected ... in 1836 successfully defended a doctoral thesis elaborating Ampere's work in electrodynamics, Masson had returned to Paris and from 1841 taught physics at the Lycee Louis-le-Grand and at the Ecole Centrale ... until his death in 1860). Thereafter, the coil will keep the name Ruhmkorff coil... Masson ... establish the theory of wind instruments ("...between 1844 and 1854 he conducted an intensive investigation of the spark produced by electrical discharges through various media; ... with L. Courtepee and J. C. Jamin, he also examined ... the absorption of radiant heat and light by different substances ... he investigated aspects of electrical telegraphy, acoustics, the elasticity of solid bodies, and the discharge of induction coils through partial vacuums, as well as related chemical and physical problems").
... biography of MASSON family.
In 1830, Victor, cousin of Anthony, goes to PARIS ... publish several technical books and ... Victor Masson became the founder of Editions Masson...".

Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel), Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935, hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

Descendants of Immanuel Nobel, the younger b. 1801 and Andriette Ahlsell: Robert Nobel b. 1829, Alfred Nobel b. 1833 - the inventor of dynamite, instituted the Nobel Prizes, Emil Oskar Nobel and Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831 - is buried in the Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Descendants of Ludvig and Mina Nobel: Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 d. 1932 (Branobel's second president and being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1), Carl Nobel b. 1862;
and descendants of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Esther Wilhelmina Olsen-Nobel, Ludvig Alfred (Lullu) Nobel b. 1874 (Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company), Ingrid Hildegard Nobel-Ahlqvist b. 1879, Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff b. 1881, Rolf Nobel, Emil Waldemar Ludvig Nobel and last Gustaf Oscar Ludvig.

Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway,

Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki.

And others top members of the 'Duflon...':
Azbelev Peter Pavlovich, b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, a retired major-general of the Russian fleet, P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt',
Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916),
Valentin Petrovich Vologdin, 1881 - 1953, Valentin Petrovich was working as technical director of 'Duflon...',
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling, elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.

Source: 'amburger' domain:
Sergius Gernet Pavlovič, b. 12.12.1859 / 24.12.1859 in Narva, Russia; education: a Seeschool, from 15 September 1875, Guard Marin Fleet from 05 January 1879; a training from 28 January 1884, merchant navy 20 October 1886, reserve 02 December 1890 as Kptn. 2 class, occupation: 'Gov. Duflon and Konstantinovič and Co.' 1912; ownership, owner of 'Tudor' Factory in Petersburg 1897; 30 August 1880 'micman', from 01/01/1885 Lieutenant, from 02/12/1890 Cptn 2 Class,

Louis Duflon Francov. born in Villeneuve, died 1930; wife Duflon, Marie Josephine. Top member of the Duflon and Konstantinovič Comp., from Swiss, Vaud district; mathematicians and ownership of the 'Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co. Mechan. Workshop', Saint Petersburg from 1893, owner of factory 08/06/1901 (Rauber, industry).

Edward Duflon / Eduard, from Swiss; owner of Duflon, Konstantinovič & Company Mechan. Workshop 1895 in Saint Petersburg. Acc. to 'amburger' we have two different figures with last name Duflon.

Emil Ramseyer Iv., born 1863 and died 1925; from Swiss, Bern, occupation: 'Gov. Peter. Loan (Učetnyj i Ssudnyj Bank) Bank' in 1917; Chrm. of the 'Atlas Petrograd'; top member of the 'Deka' that is Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co.; top member of "Volta" and Oil N. Hartmann.

The Ramseyer family from Neuch tel, close to border on France, and area north of Lausanne and Neuchatel: La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuch tel. It is located few kilometres south of the French border. Its growth and prosperity is mainly bound up with the watch making industry. It is the most important centre of the watch making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley. Completely destroyed by a fire in 1794; from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel.

Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon and Duflon J.-F., landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. Fran ois / Fran oise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Acc. to A. SAUTER, 'RELIEUR...', ed. NEUCHATEL and Geneve, 1899: Valais, ...societe evalaisanne des Sciences naturelles, Vice-President: M. Emile Burnat, a Nant-sur-Vevey, M. Wilczek from Lausanne and M. F. Duflon from Villeneuve.

Acc. to: The Electrician, October 16, 1885:
"...Copper and bronzes prepared under such conditions are much used for aerial telegraph and telephone lines... A Wheatstone bridge, a differential galvanometer, a battery of four cups, and a contact key complete the apparatus. ... And made upon a great number a specimens, were made in part by the writer at the workshop at Angouleme with the assistance of Messrs. X. Muller and J. Stahl, engineers of the establishment, and partly by M. Duflon, electrical engineer in the measuring room of M. Sciami, director of the Maison Breguet. These latter experiments were those made upon the bars themselves. ... Their conductivities compared with silver and pure copper are given in the ... table: silver...".

Emmanuel Nobel / Immanuel the younger b. 1801 died 1872, the inventor of underwater mines. In 1842 - 1859 he lived in St. Petersburg, where he founded a mechanical plant. Robert E. Nobel (1829 - 1896) was born in Sweden but his mother came to St. Petersburg and since 1850 he has worked at the factory of his father, after worked for many years in companies that founded together with his brothers: Alfred Bernhard Nobel b. 1833, founder of the Nobel Prizes - in Russia became acquainted with the works of Zinin and V. F. Petrushevskii / Pietruszewski in chemical engineering nitroglycerin. Ludvig Nobel b. 1831 died 1888, member of the Russian Technical Society, in St. Petersburg acted for 'Ludwig Nobel' / 'Russian diesel', in 1876 he founded with brothers Robert and Alfred and with his sons:
Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and
Carl:
Oil Industry Company / Branobel / Tovarichtchestvo Nephtanavo Proisvodtsva Bratiev Nobel in Baku. He moved with his mother Andriette and brothers Robert and Alfred to St Petersburg in 1842 where his father Immanuel had set up a factory. He bought his own smaller factory that he called the 'Machine-Building Factory Ludvig Nobel'. There, he made cannons, gun carriages, underwater mines and artillery missiles, machine tools, hydraulic presses. Together with Russian Major General Peter A. Bilderling and his brother, he built up a model factory in Izhevsk in the Urals. Ludvig and his son Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, visited Baku in 1876. In 1879, the 'Naftaproduktionsaktiebolaget Br derna Nobel', shortened to Branobel, was formed in St. Petersburg.

Above Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831, was an engineer, m. 1st. time in 1858 to Mina Ahlsell and 2nd time in 1871. Ludvig ran the company with his sons Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl. His first and illegitimate child, Hjalmar Crusell, was head of a laboratory and the closest person in St Petersburg.
Most of the people in the managerial staff were Swedes, but was also a man from Norway, Hans Olsen who came to Kronstadt to work in 1880 and met Ludvig Nobel's sons, Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl, in the Russian capital.

Second person Michael Belyamin, born in 1831 worked with Ludvig Nobel as an engineer with management responsibilities. In 1880 he was elected as a member of the Supervisory Board of the company to 1899. His son, Michael Belyamin jr, was a mining engineer and lived in St. Petersburg until 1919. Above named Peter Bilderling, born in 1844 was from a Courlandish noble family, was promoted to the rank of major general. He was one of the members of the Branobel administration from 1885 and one of the members of the Supervisory Board of the company until he died. Ludvig s first child was born out of wedlock in 1856. His name was Hjalmar Crusell. Ludvig married his cousin Wilhelmina Mina Ahlsell who died in 1869. Together they had the children Emanuel, born in 1859, Carl in 1862 and Anna in 1866. Ludvig later married Edla Colin and they had seven children: Mina born in 1873, Ludvig in 1874 that is Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel (1874 - 1935) was married 1901 to Mary Minnie Johnson b. 1876, Ingrid in 1879, Marta in 1881, Rolf in 1882, Emil in 1885 and Gosta in 1886. Above Emmanuel Nobel Jr. b. 1859 in 1888 - 1917 headed the company 'Ludwig Nobel' and other enterprises and he played an important role in business organizations in Russia. In early 1918, went to Sweden.

Ludwig Nobel and then his son Emmanuel, who skillfully managed the 'Branobel' till 1920, when Bolshevik Red Army invaded in Baku and nationalized the oil industry, considered Baku (Villa Petrolea) as their second home.

All above data according to http://www.branobelhistory.com/themes/the-nobel-brothers/ludvig-nobel-enters-the-fight-for-oil/ by editor@branobelhistory.com. Under copyright with statement: 'Use of Content from this Website. The Centre for Business History in Stockholm (CBHS) provides the content on this website. The CBHS invites visitors to use its online content for personal, educational and other non-commercial purposes. By using the Branobel History Website, you accept and agree to abide by the following terms...'. Above Major General Peter A. von Bilderling co-operated with Alfred Nobel, Robert Nobel, I. J. Zabelsky / Zabielski, Baron Alexandre von Bilderling, Fritz Blumberg, Michel Beliamin, A. S. Sundgren and Benno Wunderlich. Baron Peter von Bilderling born in St. Petersburg in 1844 - died at Zapolie in 1900 close to Luga, was an engineer and engineering officer of the Russian Imperial Army. He is the brother of Baron Alexander von Bilderling, the general who participated in the Russo-Japanese War. From a noble family originally German - Baltic but Orthodox, his father Alexander Grigoryevich Otto Hermann von Bilderling was lieutenant general in Engineering Corps. His grandfather George Sigismund von Bilterlings in Mitau in Courland / Jelgava in Latvia. His mother was descended from a family of Polish nobility untitled, the Doliwo - Dobrowolski / Dobrowolski with coat of arms Doliwa. Died September 25, 1900 at his home in Zapolie near Luga, where he is buried, a major in 1861 after the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy with 1st class, the Guard of the Grand Duke Nicolas, He served at the Caucasus. He was married twice 1. Sofia Vladimirovna Westman and 2nd to Natalia Alexandrovna Barantzov. His descendants migrated to Cannes and Nice. In 1872 he signed an agreement with Ludvig Nobel providing machine tools. His sons Vladimir and Peter Alexander or George and Peter, daughter Baroness Natalia Petrovna Bilderling. Well-known electrical engineer Mikhail Dolivo - Dobrovolsky Osipovich was his cousin: Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski / Michael Osipovich / Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo Dobrovolsky b. 1861 / 1862, Gatchina, Russian electrical engineer of Polish descent, in a large noble family.
Michael was the oldest child.
Grandfather Florian b. 1776 came from Poland to St. Petersburg. Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski completed the Riga Polytechnic Institute, Darmstadt Higher Technical School, where opened electrical laboratory with special attention to the electrochemistry, the preparation of aluminum. Dolivo - Dobrovolsky invited to join the firm AEG (Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gesellschaft), where in 1909 he was appointed director and served in that capacity until his death, made the induction motor, a rotor with windings in the form of a squirrel cage, 1889 was built
(after Nikola Tesla -
Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikola Tesla b. 1856, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, the designer of the modern alternating current electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering, 1884 worked for Thomas Edison. His patented induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, he is known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York, the invention of radio communication, for his X-ray experiments, and for his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission - and G. Ferraris)
three-phase induction motor capacity of about 100 watts and generators; built the electrical system for the transmission of three-phase of 8500 V, the three-phase transformer, small hydro power plant with three-phase synchronous generator. Acted in St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, which opened in 1899, after 1914 moved to Switzerland. In 1918, he again went to Berlin.
And few different details: Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski, the main engineer of Berlin company AEG, for the development of a three-phase system. Invented the three-phase squirrel cage motor. Born January 2, 1862 / December 21, 1861 in Gatchina, near to St. Petersburg. Son of Joseph Dobrowolski, grandson of Florian Dobrowolski. Great-grandson of Joseph Doliwo-Dobrovolsky born about 1750 in the Mscislaw province of Poland.

DOLIWA coat of arms to the Doliwo-Dobrowolski family in the 1st half of the 19 century from Russian hands. This family lived in the Borisov district, village Малое Стахово / Maloye Stahovo, Bielaja Luza in Zodinsk / Zodino area / Жодино, Zodino / Shodino in the Minsk government; Doliwa-Dobrowolski also in Berezyna in 1864; at the beginning of the 20th century in Sienno in Vicebsk / Witebsk area - village Kokovtsino / Kokowczino / Коковчино and Papino 18 km of Bogushevsk / Богушевск. Добровольски / Dobrowolski in Chausy / Tshausy / Czausy district, the Mohilev government, Proskowia Dobrowolski daughter of Zachary Dobrowolski m. Prokopovich, born 1913 with brother Aleksander Dobrowolski or Aleksiej b. 1916.

Zachar Dobrowolski coat of arms Doliwa, lived in village Novosielki, 2 km west of Golovientsitsy (Головенчицкая волость), 14 km west-south Chausy / Czausy, south-east of Mogilev and village Smolki / Smolka / Смолка 13 km west of Novosielki.

See on the Brujewicz family!
Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail Boncz Brujewicz b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij: Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, married in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak.

Above named Michael's Dobrowolski mother Olga is a daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn. Between 1862 to 1872 Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski lived in Gatchina. 1872 to 1878 Odessa. 1878 - 1880 Department of Chemistry, Riga Polytechnical Institute, where he teaches in German, but were many Poles. 1881 to 1883 in St. Petersburg, Odessa, Novorossiysk. He has been worked at the Widder plant in St. Petersburg. 1883 Hesse in Germany. Here to 1884. Again in 1887 in Odessa. 1887 - 1903 worked for Emil Rathenau - AEG.
1903 - 1907 Lausanne.
1907 Berlin: electric motors, electric power consumption meter. According to the professors Krolikowski Lech and Zbigniew Woyndrowski, he came from a noble family Doliwa Dobrowolski, of the Mscislaw province, from the region of Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1772 in Russia, as the governorate Mogilev. Florian Dobrowolski born 1776 died in 1852, the son of Joseph Dobrowolski coat Doliwa, born about 1750; Florian's wife Maria Szaltuch, a daughter of Fyodor Szaltuch.

Florian Dobrowolski served in the Russian Army. 1822 - 1824 lives in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1799 verified nobility in Mogilev. It is then an inspector of the military field post, as well as the police chief in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1812 - 1814 the Napoleonic Wars, 1814 siege of Paris. Florian had 9 children. The youngest son is Joseph Dobrowolski. Joseph has the son Michael Doliwo-Dobrowolski. Joseph was born in August 1824 in St. Petersburg. 1854 to 1855 the Crimean War, he served in the Russian Army in the rank of colonel. Director of the Institute for Orphans in Gatchina near Petersburg. Married to Olga Jewrejn, daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn.

In 1918

Abram Ioffe

[b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked:

B. P. Konstantynowicz,

I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov,

Lev Landau [son of David, born 1908 in Baku; his father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],

P. L. Kapitsa [Piotr = Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see: http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504

  - and

Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see: http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s.

  The grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on

Electromechanics Department;

he remained there as a lecturer until 1921; he went to England and there he worked with Ernest Rutherford; in 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union] and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves] - see http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html.

The foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation,  1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b. 1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too.

The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sergei Pietrovich Kapitsa

b. February 14, 1928 in Cambridge, Soviet and Russian physicist, the son of the Nobel Prize Kapitza /

П. Л. Капица, grandson of A. N. Krylov / А. Н. Крылов, the Russian mathematician and shipbuilder, and the great-nephew of the famous French biochemist Henry Victor / Victor Henri, Krylov - on his mother side, Anna Alekseevna. The great-grandson of a geographer И. И. Стебницки / I. I. Stebnicki that is Ierome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki, the elder brother of А. П. Капицa / A. P. Kapitsa.

  Father - Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa - the famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, mother - Anna A. Krylov, the daughter of Alexei Krylov, Russian ship builder, an expert in the field of mechanics, mathematics. Above named Krylov, Alexey / Крылов, Алексей Николаевич / Alexei Krylov b. in August 1863, 1878 he entered the Naval Academy, he graduated with honors in 1884, worked in the Hydrographic Office of P. Kolong, study of the magnetic deviation, in 1887 Krylov moved to (since 1892 the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company in St Petersburg; before 1892 Duflon acted in the Breguet Company in Petersburg owned by the Brown family from London) the Franco - Russian plant, and then continued his studies at the shipbuilding department of the Nicholas Naval Academy. 1890 he remained at the Academy. According to the memoirs of Krylov, since 1887, his specialty was ship-building, the application of mathematics to various issues of maritime affairs and expanded the theory of William Froude, 1896 he was elected a member of the British Society of Naval Architects, proposed the gyroscopic damping roll. His daughter Anna, became the wife of Kapitza. Since 1900, Krylov cooperates with Stepan Osipovich Makarov, Admiral and scientist and shipbuilder.

Acc. to an Academician A. N. Krylov / Kriloff, 'My memories' on Stepan Karlovic Drzewiecki:
It was a talented engineer and inventor, with whom Krylov was friendly to April 1938.
He knew Drzewiecki in November 1878, at age 15, being at the Naval College (Admiral Gregory I. Butakov died in the summer of 1882, as a teacher of the fleet, with an architect I. G. Bubnov and Captain 2nd rank M. N. Beklemishev, cooperated on the project of submarine 'Dolphi').
Krylov met Drzewiecki many times in the technical society. In January 1886 was organized the first Electrical Exhibition. At this exhibition participated main hydrographic office, with the last sample of a compass 'de Kolong' and also participated a Parisian firm 'Breguet', with two instruments invented by the French Navy admiral Fournier: among others dromoskop. I. A. Shestakov and Main Hydrographic office was instructed to investigate these devices (I. P. de Kolong, Lieutenant N. M. Yakovlev and Krylov who met Drzewiecki). This work was later published in 'Sea collection'.

Krylov soon teamed up with the Petersburg department of the company 'Breguet', on dromoskop. Krylov then met with the engineer Dyuflon, a representative of 'Breguet', Swiss, friend of Drzewiecki.

Drzewiecki occupied a luxury apartment of the house No 6 Admiralty Street. In the evenings, guests of Drzewiecki were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon and botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky and the Serbian Prince Karageorgievich,
who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion, mainly for scientific or technical topics, flying airplanes on a theory of Drzewiecki (in April 1884 he published it and the chief inspector Rear Admiral Loschinsky invited Krylov to resolve this issue). Drzewiecki acc. to his friend from Moscow, Goujon (remembering on the later system of J. Roy / Rey) and Dyuflon / Duflon, was noble, of an ancient clan of Poles, who owned large estates in the Volyn province, land in Odessa, orchard houses in Warsaw, etc. Drzewiecki had an extensive knowledge of the St. Petersburg nobility. His parents were living in Paris, where he was educated at home, at the Lycee St. Barbe, and the Central Engineering College. Among his companions was Eifel (aerodynamic research).
In 1873, Drzewiecki was at Vienna World Exhibition. When Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg, he turned to the famous Brouwer, at the Pulkovo Observatory and to the War Minister P. S. Rakovsky (construction of 50 boats, with the payment of 100.000 rubles for Drzewiecki). Drzewiecki, received one hundred thousand, and went to Italy.

Summer 1886 Drzewiecki went to Turkestan, to General Annenkov (the Trans-Caspian railway from Krasnovodsk to Samarkand with a huge bridge across the Amu Darya in Chardzhui).
The following summer, he went to Egypt, to Aswan. 1887 he calls Krylov to show a sketch of a submarine and gone to Grand Duke General Admiral Alexei Alexandrovich with this project to develop a submarine.
In 1888 Krylov was enrolled at the Shipbuilding Division of the Naval Academy, graduated it in 1890. At this time, Drzewiecki went to Paris. 1892 met with Krylov, on the development of the submarine, and together come to Paris. The Marine Technical Committee (boat steam engines, internal combustion engines, and then diesels) cooperated with Drzewiecki because he had an extensive knowledge of French naval engineers and brought Krylov into this world. In 1897 Drzewiecki invented a special type of destroyer for the Naval Ministry, and again asked Krylov to work with him in Paris. The project was adopted by the Technical Committee. In 1892 was the Dreyfus affair and Drzewiecki was not at home, back to St. Petersburg. Around 1905 Drzewiecki developed an original theory of propellers. 1909 to 1914 every time Krylov visited Drzewiecki in Paris, last time met with him 1925 to 1927, when Krylov was abroad for 'Neftesindikat' and 'Soviet oil'. Drzewiecki died in April 1938.
Above

Jerome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki born on 12 December 1832 in the province of Volyn, Polish engineer, cartographer and infantry general of the Russian Empire. He graduated in 1852, serve in the General Staff, since 1860 worked at the Caucasus and the Caspian region, left a description of triangulation Caucasus mountains, 1866 the head of the Military Division on the topographic of General Staff of the Russian Empire, 1867 head of the Caucasus Department, grandfather of Peter Kapitza. He made the first detailed maps of the Caucasus, after Joseph Chodzko, acc. to http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronim_Stebnicki.

  The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the largest research institutes in Russia, founded by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe in September 29, 1918. Located in St. Petersburg. Director of the Radium Institute was В. И. Вернадский / V. I. Vernadskij, his deputy - V. G. Hlopin. Director of the Institute 1957 - 1967 - Б. П. Константинов / Konstantinov B. P. acc. to Russian sources, but a US research show name Konstantinovich B. P. - acc. to:
Research Database, Bibliographies & Essays, Resources, HSS Publications, Committee on Education. "An interesting attempt to compare Soviet and Western research in high-energy physics is John Irvine and Ben R. Martin, 'Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High-Energy Physics Accelerators,' Social Studies of Science, 1985, 5(2): 293-341". History of Science Society: 440 Geddes Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, 574.631.1194, 574.631.1533 Fax, Info@hssonline.org.
After him in 1967-1987 was Tuczkiewicz / Tuchkevich.

Acc. to:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioffe_Institute we read "...Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics...". This Wikipedia page intentionally omits Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov name in the list of scientists of the Institute. And "...Abram Ioffe was born in the Ukraine in 1880. After graduating from St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902, Ioffe went to Munich, Germany, where he worked under Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Ioffe earned his doctorate in physics in 1905. In 1906, Ioffe returned to St. Petersburg where he worked in the Polytechnical Institute. ... Several times he demonstrated his loyalty to Russia by turning down offers of academic positions in Munich and later, in Berkeley, California. He briefly left Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1918, but he soon returned and helped build up the Physico-Technical Institute. He traveled to Western Europe in 1921, collecting books, journals, and equipment for the institute. He served as director of the Physico-Technical Institute from 1923 to 1953. ... Igor V. Kurchatov, who was later put in charge of the project to build the Soviet atomic bomb, studied at Ioffe's institute during the 1930s, and Ioffe recommended Kurchatov for the position to head the nuclear project". Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Above Владимир Вернадский / Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. 1863, St. Petersburg and died on January 6, 1945 in Moscow. His father, Ivan, according to family legend, was a descendant of Cossacks. Before moving to St. Petersburg, he was Professor of Economics in Kiev. In St. Petersburg, he served as a privy councilor. His mother, Anna Petrovna nee Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich, was a Polish noblewoman. Vladimir Vernadsky was a cousin of the Russian writer Vladimir Korolenko. Above named Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich or Borys Konstantinovich / Borys Konstantynowicz son of Pawel Konstantynowicz, b. 1910 in St. Petersburg. Soviet physicist and Vice - President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, 1888 went to St. Petersburg, mother - Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov, gave birth to eight sons and four daughters; Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school, where he studied until the end of 1917; In early 1918 the family moved to the home of parents in the village. In 1919 his father died. In the winter 1920 - 1921 he lived and studied in St. Petersburg. Autumn of 1924 the family moved to Leningrad. At this time, at the Physico-Technical Institute worked older brother of Boris -

Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov (1895 - 1945, repressioned, was posthumously rehabilitated) or maybe Aleksander Konstantynowicz, who became one of the largest radio technicians, radiophysicist and create a variety of radio-electronic equipment (with Bonch - Bruevich) and contributed to the development of television - suggested a way to narrow band television signals, has developed a mosaic photocathodes for the television camera tubes of the 1930s television transmission. He was a member of the laboratory of L. S. Theremin / Л. С. Термен: an alarm systems of banks and museums. A. Konstantinov was an electrician in this protective system - 1909. In 1924 he created the radio-electronic equipment to determine the difference in longitude of Greenwich and Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, in 1928 to 1930 with his brother has developed radio - protective signaling processes of government vaults. They invented electric seismographs have been used successfully for mineral exploration.
He studied at the Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute 1926 - 1929 and was expelled from this Polytechnic after fourth years for
the non-proletarian origin,
but was able to continue working in science through the application of Ioffe. He worked as a laboratory assistant, senior laboratory assistant at the Physical - Technical Institute, 1935 - 1937 in the department of electro - acoustics of the Leningrad Institute, (in 1937 Konstantinov Aleksandr Pavlovich was wrongly arrested and died in the dungeons of the NKVD) but 1937 - 1940 he headed a laboratory of the Research Institute of the music industry and acoustics for the needs of defense - but we need check this data.

His brother Boris Pavlovich Konstantinovich or Konstantinov was born in St. Petersburg in 1910, acc. to his autobiography, written an excellent literary language. In 1924 Konstantinov moved to Leningrad, because at the State Physical - Technical Institute of the X-ray worked his older brother, Alexander P. Konstantinov. Since 1927 he started working at the laboratory of D. A. Rozhanski as a physicist and was student of Physics and Mechanics Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.

A few details on Boris Konstantinov / Konstantinovich:
Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich or Konstantinovich B. P. born on 23 June / 6 July 1910 in St. Petersburg and died July 1969. In 1927-35 and since 1940 has worked in the Physical - Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957-67 director, in 1937-40 at the Research Institute of the music industry (like his brother?!). "In the 90's of last century, was opened part of the work on the nuclear problem, and as a result over the past half ten years, there are many books and publications devoted to the development of research on the nuclear problem in the USSR and Russia... There was a series of films about the secret physicists ... I. V. Kurchatov, Y. B. Chariton, Ya. Zel'dovich, A. D. Sakharov, I. E. Tamm, V. L. Ginzburg and others in the work on the atomic problem, but the role of B. P. Konstantinov reflected very sparingly. This is despite the fact that over the carried out his work, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, was elected to the Academy and became director Physico - Technical Institute, vice - president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is named after him the Institute of Nuclear Physics Gatchina and the largest chemical plant in Kirov...".
"...B. P. Konstantinov is one of the founders of the school of nuclear physicists. In 1945, the Physics and Mechanics Department opened the country's first training in the Department of Nuclear Physics (Department of Technical Physics). The first head of the department was A. F. Ioffe, but after 2 years it was headed by B. P. Konstantinov, who since 1945 has combined his academic work at PTI with teaching at the LPI...".
"The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) is one of four nuclear physics centers within the National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' / NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'. PNPI bears the name of Academician B. P. Konstantinov ... Director of the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Academy of Sciences...".

At the beginning in accordance with the Decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1942 which was composed of the Commissariat of Communications was formed Military restorative management for all military telephones and telegraphs and broadcasting units, radio and postal enterprises on the territory liberated from the German. B. P. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz Borys / Konstantinov was working for this management (at the Petersburg Nuclear Institut as Head of Laboratory 1943 - 1957, for the Federal Agency for Special Construction / Spetsstroy Russia). 1951 established the Office building number 565 as a part of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - successor of the General Directorate of Special Construction. In 1953 in Leningrad was organized management for the construction of the air defense system. "Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy Russia) - the federal executive body for the promotion of national defense and security organization works in the field of special construction, road building and communication engineering by military units and road-building military units of the Federal Agency for Special Construction".

References, acc. to 'Russian & Soviet Science and Technology' by Loren R. Graham, History of Science Society Newsletter, Volume 18 No. 4 (Supplement 1989):
"...An interesting article on the growth of scientific personnel in the USSR, portraying the Soviet overtaking of the United States in the number of research workers, is Louvan Nolting and Murray Feshbach's, 'R and D Employment in the USSR', 'Science', 01 Feb. 1980, 207:493-503. Nolting has also published a series of reports (Foreign Economic Reports, Department of Commerce) on the structure and organization of Soviet science and technology. A recent and valuable analysis of the political role of Soviet science by Stephen Fortescue is 'The Communist Party and Soviet Science' (London: Macmillan, 1987). ... Peter Kneen's 'Soviet Scientists and the State' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1984). Works written by emigres who previously worked in the Soviet science establishment provide special insights; these include Mark Azbel, Refusenik: 'Trapped in the Soviet Union' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981); Mark Popovsky, 'Manipulated Science' (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979); and Vladimir Kresin, 'Soviet Science in Practice: An Insider's View,' in 'The Soviet Union Today', edited by James Cracraft (Chicago: 'Bulletin of Atomic Scientists', 1983). Three works treating Soviet industrial research from economic and political standpoints are Joseph Berliner, The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1976); Erik Hoffmann and Robbin Laird, Technocratic Socialism: 'The Soviet Union in the Advanced Industrial Era' (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1985); and Raymond Hutchings, 'Soviet Science: Technology and Design Interaction and Convergence' (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976). A topic of particular interest to American scholars who may wish to do research in the Soviet Union, no matter what the field, is the history of scholarly exchanges between the United States and the USSR. The most thoughtful analysis of the subject is by Linda Lubrano, 'National and International Politics in USA-USSR Scientific Cooperation,' Social Studies of Science 1981, 11:451-480. Also see Review of USA-USSR Interacademy Exchanges and Relations, Report of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington, D.C., 1977); and Yale Richmond, U.S. - Soviet Cultural Ex - changes 1958-1986: Who Wins? (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1987). ... Loren Graham, Program on Science, Technology and Society, Room E51-128, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. Russian-language films on the history of Russian and Soviet science can be purchased from Alexandre K. Surikov, President, All-Union Corporation 'Sovinfilm,' 20 Skatertny Per., Moscow 121069, USSR". This above data 1989 by the History of Science Society, All rights reserved.

Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Piotr Leonidovich Kapitsa - physicist, a researcher at low temperature physics.

Abram Fedorovich Joffe - physicist, moved to Munich, where he took a internship with Wilhelm Rontgen, he returned to St. Petersburg, was involved in nuclear physics and in the development of lasers.
Adam Gernet born on 7 August 1878 in Kiwidepah, Roethel, Laanermaa (Haapsalu), Estonia. An Adam von Gernet was involved in the study of magnetism; an infantry regiment in Dunaburg, escape across the German lines in March 1918, by John Hiden.

1912 

blimp1912

 Only five of airships had been built in Russia before 1914 and we exactly constructed (the fifth in order) to Russian Army in the plant of DEKA an airship named "Kobchik" type "Blimp" by S. A. Nemchenko as early as 1912 (with two engines 45 hp, and length 48 m; speed 50 km/h according to "Taschenbuch der Luftflotten", 1st Issue 1914, Vol. 1 "Airships" by F. Rasch and W. Hormel, published in Germany, worked out by Thomas Heinz  http://www.internetelite.ru/aircrafts/airships.html; the picture from: http://info.dolgopa.org).

Airship i.e. an "aircraft  that consists of a cigar-shaped gas bag, or envelope, filled with a lighter-than-air gas to provide lift, a propulsion system, a  steering mechanism, and a gondola accommodating passengers, crew, and cargo. (...) NON-RIGID airships, now commonly  known as blimps, are the most common type in use. The non-rigid airship has no frame and the envelope holds its shape due to  the pressurized lifting gas inside." The DEKA company owned an infrastructure for airships i.e. a  hangar, workshops and warehouses in St Petersburg before the First world war. War,  revolution and civil war interrupted further development until 1920, when the Soviets built their first small blimp. 

June, 1912: Vote of 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home); November, 1912: Military trials results: 1. Sikorsky in a "Sikorsky";  2. HABER in a "M. Farman"; 3. Boutmy (BUTMI) in a "Nieuport".  December, 1912: Aeronautical school re-organised; 15 pupils  per school at a time - course made seven months. A one month course in aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 to be  selected for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Tashkent  in TURKESTAN. Only in Army Aviation in March, 1913: new schools established at Moscow, Odessa and OMSK. At the end of 1913: the number of actual military pilots was 72. There was a  special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators; total to 108 in Russia. In Navy Aviation: July, 1912 - Lieut. ANDREADI, did a  flight from Sevastopol to Petersburg.

About above S. A. Nemchenko.
In the spring of 1906 the Wright brothers offered to the Russian Minister of War a flying machine created by them. Russian military department did not respond to the letter, however, in 1908 sent to France, where the Wright brothers opened Aircraft Company 'Ariel', two officers of the Training Aeronautic Park: - N. I. Uteshev and S. A. Nemchenko. Russian officers have studied the American airplane and have made test flights as passengers and wrote a negative review. According to them, the airplane Flyer-III for military purposes was no good. Should pay attention to the achievements of other designers, especially the French. On August 24, 1908 a Petersburg newspaper 'New time' informed on the Chief Engineer's Office organized in autumn 1909 international competition of airplanes with award of 50 thousand rubles but a place of the aerodrome was also not selected.

1912 
In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca'.

1914 

1912 -  1913 
In April 1913 DECA has entered into a cooperation agreement with the French radio company 'Societe francaise Radio-Electrique' (SFR) and became a branch of it in Russia.

'Radiolectric French Company' was one of the first radiotelegraphic companies, founded by Émile Girardeau in 1910

and it supported the production of the Radiola - radio receivers. 'Dyuflon and Konstantinowicz' has entered into a cooperation with 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris and also with a factory 'Gabriel and Anzeno' (Paul Lemonnier engineer, bacame a partner in the business of Sautter, at 26 Avenue Suffren in Paris 1867. Beginning in the 1860s Sautter started the study of the use of electricity. In 1869, Henri Harle who had married into the Dolfuss family, started as an engineer. In 1890 Henri Harle became a full partner in the firm, which was now known as Sautter Harle.

The company 'Societe Sautter, Harle et Cie' was founded in 1825 in Paris as a mechanical engineering company. 1907 began production of automobiles as the 'Sautter Harle'. 1908 the company was renamed in 'Harle et Cie'. 1912 ended production of cars. Three companies have manufactured lights on the coasts in France: F. Barbier et Fenestre, Sautter-Harle / Sautter et Lemonier and Lepaute, by 'planete-tp.com'. "In order to eliminate the jerks in release, Augustin Fresnel modified the blade regulator around 1826 with the aid of the clockmaker Lepaute, by incorporating a ball regulator". Acc. to: 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_submarine_Gymnote_(Q1)', "The Gymnote was one of the world's first all-electric submarines. Launched on 24 September 1888 ... by Gustave Zede ... and Arthur Krebs, who completed the project. For the Gymnote, Arthur Krebs developed the electric engine ... The motor proved so problematic that it was replaced with a smaller but more powerful Sautter-Harle motor". In Tallinn the construction of the rear lighthouse was planned already in 1832. The new lighthouse acquired a Fresnel device purchased from Sautter Harle & Co in Paris.

In late 1915, the company name was changed to the 'Anciens Etablissements Sautter-Harle'. The Company produced electrical equipment: searchlight / floodlight, generators, compressors and diesel engines. The Sautter Harlé at present has name the Alsthom Company).

They were working for Sautter - Harle / SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852:
Eugene Dejonc,
mile Girardeau, born 1882, a French engineer, founder of the General Society of wireless telegraphy; 1910 he founded the radio - electric French Society SFR, in the field of radio - electricity and military telegraphy; 1915 he was assigned to education, in radio - electricity, flying officers.
Camille Charles Augustin Claudeville, b. 1868, adviser naval armament for Europe and South America, and co-operated with SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852, making lenticular lights, electric motors, turbo-generators and projectors.
Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. After the death of Mary, Jean REY married another descendant of SAUTTER born VAN MUYDEN. Jean REY was the uncle of another Jean Rey b. 1902-1983, Belgian (member of the EEC Commission from 1958 to 1967 and President of the Commission from 1967 to 1970), acc. to: Christian LEVI ALVARES. Jean-Alexandre REY, the School of Mines as a foreign student 1883; 1885 he obtained French nationality as a descendant of French parents refugees in Switzerland because of religion; he received the degree 1 ranked 1886; led factories Sautter - Harle and for thirty years directing the technical work of the house Sautter - Harle (turbo - machinery); 1904 studied steam turbines; 1906 gas turbines; at thirty - five he was chief engineer of the Sautter - Harle Company; finally president of the trade association of electrical engineering, President of the French Society of Electricians - 1921. In 1901 he build an internal combustion engine generators for submarines. From 1888, he became interested in steam turbines and turbo - electric machines.

You remember that Louis Fran ois Cl ment Breguet / Louis Francois Clement Breguet was born on 22 December 1804 in Paris, work in the early days of telegraphy, educated in Switzerland; in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the Breguet company to Edward Brown; collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels, Professor Thomas Engel and Alexander Graham Bell; he had one son Antoine b. 1851.

The Swiss Canton of Vaud was the area where the French-speaking family settled (Diserens or Dizeren). Among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozano. Moreover, a settlements such as Corsier sur Vevey, L'Abbaye and Grandvaux. L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family (Antoine b. 1851) came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; the Duflon family gone from Lutry of 1852 and Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 was living Louis Duflon; Duflon J.-F. was a landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. Fran ois / Fran oise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve, was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Michail Dobrowolski lived 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne.

In the spring of 1914 L. Bakst moved to Montreux in Switzerland. Sophia Klyachko came to stay with her brother and taking along all family.

Clarens is part of Montreux in Suisse, where the Duflon family was living. Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow, was here with her son, Evgenii Konstantinovich, probably since spring of 1914. She acted with Lenin (on 5 September 1914 Lenin moved to neutral Switzerland, residing first at Bern, then at Z rich; on 31 March 1917 "Fritz Platten obtained permission from the German Foreign Minister through his ambassador in Switzerland, Baron Gisbert von Romberg, for Lenin and other Russian exiles to travel through Germany to Russia in a sealed one-carriage train"; from Zurich, Gottmadingen, Singen, Frankfurt and Berlin to Sassnitz, Trelleborg, in Sweden to Stockholm, at the Finland Station in Petrograd) and Inessa Armand, her friend. Anna Konstantynowicz back to Petersburg (Piotrogrod) with Lenin, Krupska and Inessa Armand in April 1917.

Sophia Klyachko met in Montreux (Clarens?) Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz son of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow. 1914 all relocated to Geneve to Diaghilev; the company after (1914 / 1915 to 1920) moved to Lausanne, but Bakst removed to Paris, soon. The Klyachko family in spring of 1920 came to Paris; in Meudon is now a museum of Bakst.

The Ramseyer family from Neuch tel, close to border on France, and from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, and Tavannes north of Neuchatel.

Adolphe Jean douard WIDMER, CEO of the Society of Electrical Constructions Breguet - Sautter - Harle, married in 1930 to Jacqueline HARL Lucy b. 1905, parents Frederick Augustus 'Henri' HARL 1875-1961 and Jeanny Alice Lily KAMPMANN b. 1881.

Note at margin:
Jean Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter who was founder of the LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co.
Ambroise Samuel Joseph Rodolphe REY / Rodolphe REY, born 1866 in GENEVE, Suisse acc. to: http://gw.geneanet.org/garric?lang=en&p=rodolphe&n=rey, his parents: William REY 1821 - 1888 Professeur and Clothilde BOUVIER 1828 - 1911; Rodolphe REY married in 1892 in GENEVE to Fran oise Jeanne Gabrielle BOUVIER b. 1866 from Ami Auguste Oscar BOUVIER and Louise Julie Marguerite MONOD b. 1832; siblings: Barth l my REY, banquier b. 1858, m. 1888 in PARIS to Lucie MATTER; Jean REY, Ing nieur des Mines b. 1861, m. 1893 PARIS to Marie SAUTTER 1870 - 1895 and married in 1897 in LAUSANNE to Emma VAN MUYDEN b. 1870.
Father of above Jean Rey: William REY, Professeur b. 1821 in GENEVE, d. 1888 in CLARENS in Suisse, married 1856 in C LIGNY to Clothilde BOUVIER.
CLARENS - east from Lausanne, close to Montreux, Blonay and Vevey and 15 km east of Cully, 20 km east of Lutry. Clarens is a village in the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. 1888 family Rey lived here and also: Igor Stravinsky 1878, Tchaikovsky, Paul Kruger, anarchist lis e Reclus, the Duflon family and Nabokov.
lis e Reclus b. 1830, known as Jacques lis e Reclus, was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist; in January 1872 banishment from France. After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours. In 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement / International Association, of which "Reclus and Peter Kropotkin were the two chief organizers. Kropotkin was arrested and condemned to five years' imprisonment, but Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland. In 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the University of Brussels", acc. to Wikipedia.

C LIGNY - on way from Geneve to Lausanne.
More inf. see: Christian LEVI ALVARES (Quatre siecles d'ascendance protestante: les 512 quartiers de Micheline Bruneton, ed. Jerusalem: AHVA, 1981).

! Here is some key information to the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family:

Very strange is the origin of one of the Soviet intelligence boss, from whose started the Great Purge of 1937. Mixture of Estonia, Switzerland, Latvia and France. Pilsudski had lost Lenin, after five years of chaos in Russia, so the only way to overcome Soviet Russia of Stalin was takeover of special services, including military intelligence. Succeeded in, but in 1937, Stalin responded by and prevailed. Poles in the Soviet Union since 1937 been the main enemy!
So... Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov / Арту́р Христиа́нович Фра́учи / Frauchi / Артур Христианович Артузов Фраучи, b. 1891, Tver region, died 1937, Moscow; headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service INO (OGPU, NKVD) from August 1931 to May 1935.
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service from August 1931 to May 1935. Structure and personnel of military intelligence agencies 1934 / 1935: Statistical information management of the Red Army in August - November 1934 and Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army in November 1934 - May 1939. Berzin Yan Karlovich / Kzyuzis Peteris Janowicz, Head of Military Intelligence from March 1924 to April 1935 and from June 1937 to August 1937. Uritzky from April 1935 - Head of the 4th Intelligence Department of the General Staff of the Red Army, June 1937 - Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District to November 1, 1937. Artuzov on 01/01/1931 Deputy and 31 July 1931 headed Foreign department of the OGPU; when creating 10 July 1934 NKVD he headed foreign intelligence, but replaced 21/05/1935 by Slutsky and transferred to the Main Intelligence Directorate on the post of Deputy, 01/11/1937 lost this post; Corps Commissar on 21/11/1935; 13.05.1937 appointed on the registration Department and Artuzov Frauchi was arrested on the same day May 13, 1937 as part of the 'Plot of the Generals' (he was executed on August 21, 1937). After him was a secret trial, and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Iona Yakir, Ieronim Uborevich, Robert Eideman, August Kork, Vitovt Putna, Boris Feldman, Vitaly Primakov and Yakov Gamarnik (suicide) were accused with planning a military coup on May 15, 1937; they were executed on the night of June 11-12, 1937. Marshal Tukhachevsky, Corps Commanders Yefimov, Eideman and Appoga were all arrested on the same day - 22 May 1937; on 24 May 1937, the Politburo passed the following resolution: '...Tukhachevsky, as participant in an anti-Soviet Trotsky-Right conspiratorial bloc ... having engaged in espionage activity against the USSR on behalf of Fascist Germany'. Between 1 and 10 June 1937, Tukhachevsky was describing the conspiratorial organization and plans for defeating the Red Army. Robert P. Eideman / Roberts Eidemanis b. 1895 in Leyastsiems / Aahof in Valka district of Livonia; LEYASTSIEMS / Aahof, a village in the district of Gulbene (Republic of Latvia), Gulbene, is south-east of Lejasciems / Aahof. Ca 17 km. Leyastsiems / Aahof / Lejasciema ca 100 km north-west of Rezekne, ca 60 km south-east of Valmiera. Jerome P. Uborevich / Jeronimas Uborevičius b. 1896, Kovno province. Mikhail Tukhachevsky b. 1893, in battle, February 19, 1915 near the village of Piaseczno (Lomza) his company was surrounded, he was taken prisoner; sent to a camp for incorrigible fugitives in Ingolstadt, where he met with Charles de Gaulle. In September 1917, makes the fifth escape, become successful, and 18 September was able to cross the border into Switzerland. In October 1917 he returned to Russia through France, England, Norway and Sweden. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in March 1918. The first on May 10, 1937 Tukhachevsky was transferred from the post of First Deputy of the Defense Commissar to the post of Commander of the Volga Military District. On May 22, 1937 he was arrested in Kuibyshev, on May 24, brought to Moscow, 26 May, after confrontations with Primakov, Putna and Feldman gave the first confession. A week before when Artuzov Frauchi was arrested, John Dewey said about Trocky on May 9, 1937 in New York, and Dewey informed on the preliminary investigation. His speech ended with the words: 'Trotsky ... need for further investigation. We recommend therefore to bring the work of this commission to the end'. And next reported that a total of 37,761 officers and commissars were dismissed, 10,868 were arrested and 7,211 were condemned for anti-Soviet crimes.
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi was born in the family of Swiss origin, but Italian nationality. His father Christian Frautschi came to Russia, where he was engaged in reindeer cheese; cheesemaker, a citizen of the Swiss Federation. Mother Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938, had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot; her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik, her mother Bertha Esterling / E'sterling? 1835 d. 1891 - her parents: Edward Esterling and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland.
The family of Edward Esterling and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland: 1. Olga Avgustovna Didrikil next of kin to Sverdlov; 2. Bertha Didrikil nee Esterling, her husband Август Иванович Дидрикиль / Didrikil; her son Edward Avgustovich Didrikil; her father Edward Esterling - his daughters Odile Esterling b. 1830 Latvia at farmhouse in Yucca / Iukka, and Bertha Didrikil born in Riga in 1835 died in 1891, Charlotte Esterling, Alvina Esterling. Her mother Elena Esterling nee Shtaal.
Acc. to newspaper of 1901, we have inf. on the City of Tartu in 1890 about Reinhold Wilhelm Jacobson / Jakobson and Alexander Didrikil (Riga, Latvia).

This an example only a few people with family Jakobson. Note: August Mihkelevich Jakobson / August Jakobson born 1904 in (in the village R ma near Pernova / Parnu, P rnu, part of north P rnu, in P rnumaa, Estonia) P rnu, died in Tallinn, Estonian writer. Carl Robert Jakobson / Linnutaja b. 1841 Tartu, was living in Торма / Torma close to Ranvere or Torma ca 65 km south of Rakvere. Jakobson's father was a school teacher; Natalie Johanson his sister, and his brother, Eduard Magnus Jakobson. 1856-1859 he studied at the seminary in Valga, next in Jamburg, in St. Petersburg 1865, Jakobson participated in the Estonian Literary Society. Eduard Magnus Jakobson b. 1847 Tartu - d. 1903 Tallinn, was an Estonian graphic artist. Adam Jakobson b. 1817 Haanja - d. 1857, Carl Robert Jakobson's father. Jakobson was living in V rumaa and the University of Tartu as a servant; Haanja is a village of V romaa, the former parish R uge.
The parents of above Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov met and married in Russia; children: 1891 first child was born Arthur Eugene Leonard, the other three daughters and two sons: 1892 Maria Eugenia Bertha / Maria, 1894 Victor Alexander Rudolph, 1896 Anthonine Catherine / Nina, 1899 Vera Olga Berta / Olga, 1902 Victor Alexander Boris. All six children under the laws of the Swiss Republic "after the October Revolution continued to be regarded as citizens of the Swiss Confederation". "September 4, 1917 at the Swiss Embassy in Petrograd Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi also been issued for Swiss passport No. 11/ 208". Swiss Italian-born Christian Petrovich Frautschi (Christian Frautschi son of Paul or Petr Frautschi) in the estate Mykolaivka met Didrikil Augusta.
"Augusta grandfather was from Scotland. He was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna".
Hereditary cheesemaker Christian Frautschi came to Russia in search of a good steady income; took a fancy to the north-western province (Estonia), for cattle, and it took two or three years; Here Christians Frauchi married to one of the four sisters of the Didrikil family, of the Estonian, Latvian, Russian, Scottish and even French blood.
One of the sisters, Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov (Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county.
Mikhail Kedrov b. 1878, Moscow killed 1941, secret policeman and one of the builders of the Cheka; "Kedrov was reportedly extremely cruel and barbaric, even by the standards of the Red Terror ... Kedrov and his son Igor had complained repeatedly to Joseph Stalin about Lavrenti Beria, who increasingly came to control the Soviet secret police in the 1930s", acc. to Wikipedia). Kedrov in 1912 emigrated to Switzerland. Maintained contacts with Lenin, and lectured medicine at the universities of Bern and Lausanne. In 1916, on the instructions of the Central Committee returned to Russia, on the Caucasian front.
Nina Avgustovna / Anthonine Catherine / Antonina Avgustovna Didrikil / DIDRIKIL Avgustovna Nina b. 1882 - d. 1953 - married to an exile Nicholas Podvoisky / Podvoisky Ivan Ilyich.
Avgustovna Augusta - for Swiss cheesemaker.
Maria Avgustovna remained an old maid but she known the renowned journalist, the future chairman of the OGPU Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Podvoisky become one of the founders of the Red Army; Kedrov - one of the builders of the Cheka (December 20, 1917 was formed Russian Extraordinary Commission headed by F. Dzerzhinsky), shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne; Menzhinsky - deputy and successor of the first chairman of the Cheka - Dzerzhinsky; Christian's Frauchi wife was interlocutor of Podvoisky, Kedrov, Ангарский / Angarskij and Klestov. In 1903 the whole family Frauchi / Frautschi moved to Novgorod province, where, moving from one estate to another, Arthur's father, together with his assistants was doing cheese. Estates - Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putyanin, Petrovskoe, Davydkina.
The family of Christian Frautschi had six children, and Arthur was the first. The eldest of the children, until his death remained a Swiss citizen, as evidenced by his passport, still stored in one of the Moscow archives. Above father Christian P. Frautschi b. 1860/1865 ?, died in 1923. Kamill Frautschi 1921 - 1997, a violinist; his son Alexander Frautschi 1954-2008, play guitar. The Frautschis were Swiss migr s in Russia. Kamill's father Arthur Frautschi Artuzov, a top-ranking officer of the NKVD, as a result, Kamill spent his youth in the Gulag. Artuzov was familiar with the Bolshevik revolutionaries: Podvoisky was frequent guest in the house of Frautschi, married to sister of mother. Since 1906 Artuzov was distributing illegal literature. 1909 he graduated the Novgorod classical gymnasium and entered the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, graduated in February 1917, then worked as a engineer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum - as metallurgical engineer. In the summer of 1927 Artuzov was appointed as 2nd Assistant of the Chief of Secret-operative OGPU, Henryk Jagoda. 1930 Artuzov was appointed deputy chief of INO OGPU USSR, and August 1, 1931 - as chief and member of the board INO OGPU USSR. The First Chief of the Directorate of the Committee for State Security, for foreign operations and training and management of the agents, of political, scientific and technical intelligence.
In 1922, after the creation of the State Political Directorate and connecting it with People's Commisariat for Internal Affairs, foreign intelligence was conducted by the GPU Foreign Department, and between December 1923 and July 1934 by the Foreign Department of Joint State Political Directorate or OGPU. Under Trilisser's management, foreign intelligence had become professionally services. Trilisser himself was very active, traveling to Berlin and Paris. Trilisser left his position in 1930, and was replaced by Artur Artuzov, the former chief of department of counter-intelligence and main initiator of the Trust Operation.

Artuzov Fraucci, Arthur Khristyanovich b. 1891, originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Frauchi. Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution. Acc. to: New KGB history..., by Aleln and Rachel Douglas; inf. on A History of the KGB by John J. Dziak, Lexington Books, 1987.
"John J. Dziak's Chekisty is a cut above the mediocre sociologizing about the supposedly new type of Soviet leader, to which we have been subjected by academia and the popular press since the advent of Yuri Aodropov and Mikhail Gorbachov. Its author, a senior Defense Intelligence Agency analyst who took leave to complete this project, obviously disdains the sort of adulation of Gorbachov and his entourage... Reilly had obtained a post in the Cheka, thanks to Vladimir G. Orlov, who as a Czarist official in Warsaw had handled sensitive cases of subversion and espionage, including that of Feliks Dzerzhinsky, and was now in the latter's employ. When Hill and Reilly finished their work, they escaped unscathed, Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky were greatly strengthened, Lenin lay dying, and an American intelligence network in Soviet Russia was smashed. Men from this Hill-Reilly network of 1918 became key figures in the Trust. These included Reilly himself, Reilly's friend, Boris Savinkov, and two of the men in Reilly's "anti Bolshevik" network: Yakushev and Eduard Opperput. Russian aristocrats. Numerous Russian aristocrats, from families that had worked for a dynastic change, were active collaborators of the Trust... Among them were members of the Obolensky, Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy, Dolgorukov, Artamonov, Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, Svyatopolk-Mirsky, and Lieven families. Prince Yuri A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, known as the chief ideologist of the emigre Supreme Monarchical Council, worked out the bitterly anti-Western ideology ... in conjunction with Cheka agent Yakushev. ... main Trust 'legend', was headed by Prince N. S. Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy and Prince Dmitri Svyatopolk-Mirsky, who later became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, before repatriating to the Soviet Union. His father, the interior minister when Okhrana agent Father Gapon sparked Bloody Sunday, leading to the 1905 Revolution, had refused to arrest the known inciter Gapon before those events. The Soviets themselves draw attention to the aristocratic element in the Trust... we find old Okhrana agents Reilly and Boris Savinkov, together with the chief of White counterintelligence, the Okhrana's notorious Colonel Klimovich, who was one of the Trust's chief boosters among the emigration. ... Parvus, the future moneybags for the Bolsheviks and arranger of Lenin's return to Petrograd on the sealed train, first made his fortune in the Salonika-Constantinople grain trade run by Volpi's freemasonic associates. Many of the Polish Bolsheviks who played an important role in the early days of Dzerzhinsky's Cheka, had been run by Parvus. In the tiny Balkan kingdom of Montenegro, whose economy and royal house were owned by Volpi from approximately the tum of the century, the Russian military attache from 1903 to 1915 was N. M. Potapov. Out of this apparent backwater, Potapov in 1915 vaulted to the position of Quartermaster General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Russian Army, in charge of all army intelligence. In the summer of 1917, Potapov began working openly with Bolsheviks he had known since the 1890s ... (made) the transformation of the Tsarist War Ministry into the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs. He became the first Red Army Chief of Staff. The Trust's young mastermind, A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviets' fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo-Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary to Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly fooled the Russian aristocrats abroad into believing he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground. Yet, as emigre chronicler of the Trust S. L. Voitsekhovsky had to admit, it was incomprehensible, how his contemporaries, his former superiors and colleagues, could have believed in the sincerity of his monarchical views. ... The Trust of the spies and provocateurs, as the above shows, turns out to be a microcosm of a much bigger East West complex, whose strategic outlook was best stated by the infamous Toynbee in 1974. ... Cheka chief Dzerzhinsky wore another hat, as chairman of the Supreme Council for the National Economy, which allowed him to deal directly with the Western members of this larger Trust...".
Copyright of above quotation:
EIR Volume 15, Number 3, January 15, 1988; 1988 EIR News Service Inc., All Rights Reserved. A Fresh Look at the February Revolution. New KGB skirts history lessons... by Aleln and Rachel Douglas. "John Dziak leads the IASC's work on technology security, strategic denial and deception and countermeasures. He has served over three decades as a senior intelligence officer and an executive in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and in the Defense Intelligence Agency, with long experience in weapons proliferation intelligence, counterintelligence, strategic intelligence, global countermeasures and intelligence education. He is the author of the award-winning, Chekisty: A History of the KGB (1987), numerous other books, articles, and monographs, the most recent of: which is The Military Relationship Between China and Russia, 1995-2002 (2002), and is currently preparing a book on counterintelligence. Dr. Dziak is fluent in Russian. Dr. Dziak is co-founder and President of Dziak Group, Inc., a consulting firm in the fields of technology transfer, intelligence, counterintelligence and security, and national security affairs with clients in industry and the Intelligence Community. Dr. Dziak is an Adjunct Professor at the National Defense Intelligence College". But "... A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have it returned Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviet's fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary is Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly the Russian aristocrats fooled into believing abroad he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground". In this quotation, however, is a mistake. Characteristic that appeared to it in the years 1987 and 1988. Recently in 1987, I started by solving puzzles and political genealogy around my Konstantynowicz family in Poland and Russia.
Artuzov / Артур Фраучи was graduating of the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in February 1917 with a diploma in metal engineering, went to work as an engineer to Nizhny Tagil in the Urals, and in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum / Влади́мир Ефи́мович Грум-Гржима́йло (engineer - designer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum). Vladimir E. Grum-Grzymajlo b. 1864, inventor, engineer-metallurgist, his father, Yefim Grum - Grzhimailo was a renowned specialist of tobacco (the Department of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Finance in 1867); mother, Margaret M., nee Kornilovich, was the niece of A. O. Kornilovich; graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1885, after he worked at the Urals steelworks in Nizhny Tagil, Salda, Alapayevsk; 1911-1918 - an professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1891, foreign trips in Sweden, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, in 1900, in Paris. On 01 August 1915 in Petersburg / Petrograd was created the Metallurgical Bureau / Bureau of metallurgical and thermal structures / Office / Institute of design fiery furnace; his brother Grigory Efimovich Grum Grzhimailo b. 1860-1936, Russian traveler, geographer and zoologist. Артур Фраучи / Artuzov in August 1917, after returning from another trip to the Urals (from Genova / Genoa ?) to Nizhny Tagil decided to leave the profession of engineer - designer and until December 1917 he worked in the Office of the demobilization of the army and navy. From December 1917 to March 1918 he worked as secretary of the Audit Commission of the Commissariat for Military Affairs in Vologda and Arkhangelsk.
The Fraucci-Artuzov came from Switzerland. They lived near Villenouve and Montreux. Belonged - like the family Diserens / Dizeren - to immigrants from Italy. In the former area of the Republic of Genoa, maybe even from Genoa / Genova / Genua. The figure of Artuzov is the key. The biography of Artuzov acknowledges he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. That's just the truth. He belonged to a group of Italian and French families, who came to Russia in the first and second half of the 19th century from Switzerland and often coming from France.
Samples only: Renucci, born March 29, 1945 in Cozzano, Corse; Renucci, Janine (2001), La Corse. Lauranne, G. Renucci in Genova, Italy. Renucci, born July 11, 1956 in Le Creusot, ca 150 km west of Lausanne. Livorno, Renuccio / RENUCCI (1880-1947). Corsica successively was part of the Republic of Genoa for five centuries. The construction of the Montreux-Oberland Bernois rail road in 1905 connected the Canton of Vaud with Gstaad and Saanen. The Palace Hotel was opened in 1913 as Gstaad's first luxury hotel. Gsteig that is Gstaad in the Saanen District, Canton of Bern, Switzerland. The Fraucci family is very old ancestry in this valley, from the 16th century. Descendants of Johanne Von Siebenthal born 1568 in Gruben Bei Gstaad, Bern, Switzerland, and his wife MARIA FRUTSCHI married 1592 in Saanen, daughter of HANS FRUTSCHI and BENEDICTA MATTI. She was born on December 02, 1566: D. VON SIEBENTHAL, b. June 07, 1607 was married to ABRAHAM GRIESEN. Several families of Saanen/Gessenay: AELLEN, GANDER, HAUSWIRTH, JAGGI, KROPFLI, WURSTEN and ZWALLEN. The FRAUTSCHI immigrants of Saanen/Gessenay lived in Wisconsin. Christian Frautschi (was born on October 20, 1839; worked in the Rhone valley, upstream from Lake Geneva and the famed Castle of Chillon. Then he went to Geneva and spent more than two years there learning cabinetmaking from his Uncle Isaac, whom he referred to as his master. Whether this Isaac Frautschi was an uncle on his father's or his mother's side? He worked for nearly a year for a cabinetmaker named Rudolph Frautschi for a full year in Ong. Possibly these were relatives; places where he worked were Bule, Oron, Newshatel, Sion, Aigle, Ormont, Lausanne, and Neuemberg, 1861 he went to Thun), the fourth of six sons born to Abraham and Maria Magdalena Frautschi, whose maiden name was also Frautschi; two stayed in Turbachtal. They were preceded by their Uncle Jacob 1804-1884, the brother of Abraham, and in 1852 came to America - White Mound, Wisconsin, in Sauk County.

Note on above Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoi:
Prince Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1890 in Moscow; the son of Prince S. Trubetskoy / С. Н. Трубецко́й who was a rector of Moscow University, and his nephew Prince E. Trubetskoy known Russian philosopher. Prince Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862, Russian religious philosopher; Brother of the philosopher E. Trubetskoy. Sergei Troubetzkoy was born in the Moscow suburban estate Ahtyrka. His son, above Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy in 1920 he emigrated to Bulgaria, he taught at the University of Sofia, to the development of the Eurasian ideology; was attended by P. P. Suvchinsky, G. V. Florovsky, P. N. Savitsky. In 1923 he moved to Vienna, he taught at the University of Vienna. Above named Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862 in Kaluga or Ahtyrka, and friend of V. S. Solovyov; parents: Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1828 and Sophia Lopuchin b. 1841. His grandparents: Peter Ivanovich Troubetzkoy b. 1798 and Emilia P. Wittgenstein b. 1801; and his great-grandparents: Ivan Nikolayevich Troubetzkoy b. 1760 and Natalia Meshcherskaya b. 1776; and his great-great-grandparents Nikolai Troubetzkoy and Tatiana A. Kozlovsky / Kozlowska.

Next a figure. Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Wacław Mienżynski, Mężyński, b. 1874, Saint Petersburg; the security officer, the successor to F. Dzerzhinsky headed OGPU (1926-1934). A Polish noble family of the Orthodox faith: grandfather sang in chorus and father Rudolf Ignatievich Menzhinsky - State Councilor, a graduate of St. Petersburg University, a history teacher; mother, Maria Shakeeva; 1903 sent to Yaroslavl as a representative of the newspaper 'Iskra', a member of the Yaroslavl organization of the RSDLP, met M. S. Kedrov / Kedar?, N. I. Podvoisky, Didrikil Nina wife of Podvoisky.
In the history of intelligence services Artuzov Arthur Frauchi was headed counterintelligence, foreign intelligence and military intelligence, born 1891 in the village Ustinovo, Kashin County, Tver province (Dubbelt or Dubelt family in Kuvshinovo, Tver region = Russia, Tver Oblast, Kuvshinovo, close to Puzakovo; ca 120 km west of Tver), his father Christian Frautschi was a master cheesemaker in the estate of the landowner Likhachev. Frauchi father remained a Swiss citizen; mother, Augusta Avgustovna Didrikil, Latvian descent, taught him French and German, and then he taught himself English. Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of landowner Popov, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver. Cheesemaker was working in the estate Mykolaivka, and Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province.
The ancestors of the Frautschi family were Italians, but they settled in that part of the country, where lived natives of Germany, village in the mountains - Gstaad, about an hour away by car from Bern and ca 2 km only from Saanen; ca 30 km east of Villeneuve; here were always Frautschi, all generation were cheesemaker; spoke a strange dialect of German; Christian Frautschi, went to Russia from this village; Christian's Petrovich daughter Nina came home in Gstaad during the holidays at summer of 1912. House was unhurt now, the house is so empty since 1912.
Elisee Reclus and Piotr Kropotkin were living in Clarens, Montreux. L'Abbaye - Breguet. Abetel in Riex, Lausanne. Morges - Duflon. Demontet - in Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. Ramseyer family from Neuch tel and La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuch tel. Also St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel. Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon. Duflon in 1906 in d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. Also in La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse. M. Wilczek from Lausanne, and Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne. Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. Diserens or Dizeren among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. Shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne.
At margin - we know about Anna Frauchi, b. 1716 in Koppigen, Bern district, Switzerland, died in 1756, Switzerland, married 1774 in Jegenstorf, Bern, Switzerland.
Didrikil Maria Gieorgievna, born 1872, in the Armed Forces of South Russia and evacuated at the end of January 1920 from Novorossiysk on the ship 'Hannover'.
Somebody in Rapperswil-Jona, close to Zurich; Turbach ca 5 km east of Saanen. Johann Jakob Frautschi / Jacob Jacques Frautschi in 1842, used passport to travel from Switzerland between Canton Berne and Paris, living in Gessenai (Saanen/Gessenay or Saanen, east of Montreux ca 28 km, close to Versoix, near by Rougemont; and now in Schonried close to Saanen; east of Villeneuve), aged 44 years, who was native of Gesseney, who wanted to return to France, married 1843 to Elise Perrin, aged 34 years. Marie Elise Per n was born 28 May 1814, and was baptised in 1815 in the parish of Briel (Biel / Bienne, ca 35 km north-east of Neuchatel). Another Christian Frautschi immigrated to Wisconsin from Switzerland in 1867. Hans Peter FRAUTSCHI was born in Switzerland in 1841. It is believed his father was Abraham FRAUTSCHI and his mother's name was Mary FRAUTSCHI. His Spouse's name is Katrina FRAUTSCHI born in Switzerland in 1847. Marie Magdalena Reichenbach nee Frautschi b. 1776 in Saanen, canton Bern, Switzerland - d.? Her father Christian Frautschi b. 1750. Christian Frautschi b. 1691 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1717 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1749 - Saanen died 1828 - Saanen. Christian Frautschi with wife 1846 Magdalena Eggen b. 1827. Samuel Frautschi b. 1847, d. 1918, in Cantou Bern, Switzerland, married Lena Leifer.



Electric lighting has come into use in Russia in 1880s. In the end, the concession for the construction of the first power plant in Ufa and Ufa province was signed in 1896 by a specialist of the companies: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg and the 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris, engineer Nikolai Vladimirovich Konshin / Владимирович Коншин. Construction of the city's first power plant taken about two years, on 01 February 1898 it gave a light. The city council had to pay for it to the owner 275 thousand rubles. In July 1918 to October 1918 Konshin went through terrible ordeals, he was among the 98 hostages of Ufa. He was alive in the early 1920s.
His father probably Konshin Vladimir Nikolaevich born ?, member of the Board of the South - Eastern Railway Society and the Rybinsk Railway. Above Konshin Nikolai V. born ?, was working for the Prince of Oldenburg for the exploration of manganese around Trebizond 1887 - 1888, a member of the South Ussuri Expedition 1888 - 1890 and for the exploration of coal in the Semipalatinsk region 1890, in the Urals from 1891, built at his own expense the first power plant in Ufa 1898.

The Minsk City Council on June 28, 1894 decided on the introduction of electric lighting and the Town Council concluded an agreement with the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company. According to the agreement a power station and the city's network lighting should be equipped with a steam boiler of Fiiner Gamper / Hamper from Sosnowiec, Westinghouse steam engine system, dynamos of the Baltic electric plant in Riga, lightbulbs of the Gabriel and Anzheno / Angeno Comp. from Paris, and electric bulbs of Harle factory.

On January 12, 1895 in Minsk, the first city power station started. In 1899 the plant was named 'Elvod', Minsk became the fourth city after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev, where began to use electrical networks.

On the P rnu history and power stations and electrical networks in Estonia:
One hundred years ago in Parnu earned powerhouse. "The first power that earned in 1907, on the right bank of the P rnu River , has not survived. Its capacity was inadequate and just four years later had to build a new power plant. This building still stands today...". "It is particularly interesting that once held two submarine cable across the river P rnu, as the network of street lighting was on one side, and the power plant - on the other".
1915, the commandant of the city Rodzyanko gave the order to blow up a number of industries and power station, too. In Estonia, the use of electricity began in 1882 at the Manufactory of Kreenholm, but the first public power - 108 or 100 kW and 220 V - launched November 2, 1907 in P rnu. The first industrial power plant was built at the Kunda cement factory in 1893.

Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961 in Germany, graduated from Wismar Polytechnical School as certified engineer, 1913 lived in LEHOLA.
Designed and built Estonian first electric power plant to Aru bog, on rented land from Kunda manor and the first high-voltage line 15 kV between different areas, which on 18 Oct. 1918 brought electricity to Rakvere. 1919 - 1939 was living in Tallinn. 1939 emigrated to Germany.

Kunda in Kirchspiel Maholm, Viru-Nigula Parish in Virumaa County, at present the Kunda Municipality in L ne-Virumaa County. Viru-Nigula Parish - 25 km east-north of Rakvere, 13 km south-east of Kunda. "At the end of 1860s the owner of Kunda Manor John Girard de Soucanton became interested in the possibility of producing cement. Since 1893 steam engines were used for mining raw material, and a hydroelectric power station was completed at the same time (the first in all Estonia)". Gustav John Edmund Baron Girard de Soucanton, from Selgs b. 1863 in Kunda. His wife Sophie Eleonore (Ellinor) Girard de Soucanton (von Rosenbach). His grandfather from Reval, Johann Carl Baron Girard de Soucanton b. 1785. The Girard family was originally from the French countryside Languedoc - Roussillon.

Bliebernicht Johann Eduard began producing beer in 1869. He was bought in P rnu a mechanical plant. In 1910 introduced the first electric motors.

1899 founded in Tallinn, electric motors and generators manufacturing factory 'Volta'. The first power plant was built in factories, for example in Narva, Kunda cement factory, a train factory in Tallinn, P rnu in 1907. Followed by Tartu, Viljandi, Valga and V ru city. In 1907 the first public power station was opened in Estonia and P rnu was the first city in the whole of Russia, where the streets had light bulbs. The generator operated the steam engine and the electric went to city street lighting. The P rnu plant was ready in 1907; because it would have been cheaper to use coal to heat the plant, in 1910 this plant has been rebuilt and expanded.

In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory. In 1910 the 'Inthal & Co.' power station to get electric lights downtown businesses, the first permanent cinema and residential houses in Viljandi. 1912 the city constructed a new power plant.

On the Hacker or Hakker family from Estonia:
Hacker / Hakker / Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961; his son Gert Hacker / Hangelaid; his brother Hugo Wilhelm Eduard Hacker b. 1884; his father Wilhelm Hacker b. 1852, grandfather (Szymon) Siim Hacker b. 1817. About above named Gottfried Hacker or Hakker: engineer, Wismar Polytechnic 1909 - 1913, Lehola / Leola 1913, Kunda 1918.
Gottfried Hacker or Hakker was living in Harjumaa, Lehola / Leola in 1913.
About above Siim Hacker b. 1817; his sons: Constantin Johann Hacker b. 1859 d. on February 28, 1926 in Keila - Keila town is 5 km north-east of Lehola, Harju County, and Keila is west of Saku; Gustav Hacker b. 1854 Hiiumaa - island, west of Haapsalu, died on September 28, 1917 in Tallinn, Harjumaa (his daughter Olga-Pauline Hacker b. 1876 d. 1877).

Lehola:
here was born in 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola / Lehola as above, Estonia - and his sons:
1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857; and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет (Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in L nemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa.
Sophia nee Armand was the daughter of Ivan Armand from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede from Estonia - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker among others from Lehola) about 1850. No data about this Swede but this family gone from Estland / Eesti / Estonia. From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second'. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan Armand and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hekke / Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker from Estonia, but roots from Sweden or Sverige?!) about 1850. The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg.

In 1912 released the first high-frequency machine for wireless telegraphy and telephony by Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company.


When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010).
The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. 

We manufactured an electrical accessory and magnetos for aero engines in the  beginning of  the First world war. A Swiss / French share (since 1904) of DEKA Joint Stock Society with brand name  "Duflon"  in  St  Petersburg manufactured electric accessory for naval fleet of Russian army, but also  for other defensive enterprises. The Russian - Japanese war in 1904 - 05 and the First world war were  with the best years, according to http://konkretno.ru/  and shareholders had taken up the advantage of  this prosperity. Total employees rose over 3 times only in "Duflon" proper in heyday 1914 - 1916, and  the production - 6 times. The factory manufactured radio sets and broadcasting stations (see about the  Boncz  Brujewicz  family), engines for automobiles and for planes. The "Duflon" had opened a branch in  Aleksandrovsk  / Zaporozhye that later on manufactured the "Zaporozhets" cars in "Zaporozhskiy  Avtomobilnyi Zavod" (Auto Works of Zaporozhye in Ukraine)!

1915 

DEKA JSC in December 1915 bought buildings and equipment in a town   Aleksandrovsk  in order to changeover of activity. 

During the First World War the firm DECA was one of the best electrical companies in the country, was equipped with American equipment and have trained engineers, technicians and production staff. For 1914 - 1917 value of the new equipment has increased from 473 thousand to 2.5 million rubles; in 1897 one ruble = 0.774 grams gold. 

The monthly production volume in July 1914 to December 1916 increased by 6 times.

On 24 October 1917 value belonging to the plant property, plant and equipment was estimated at 5.5 million rubles. 

To 1917 plant was a wide-venture and had 6 major divisions: the ship and shore-based tower systems, searchlight, aviation, mechanical, magneto and telegraph technology, in which there were 17 workshops (a searchlight or spotlight is an apparatus that combines a bright light source with some form of curved reflector or other optics to project a powerful beam of light ... By 1907 it was using to assist attacks against torpedo boats, enemy ships at greater distances, were also used by battleships and were installed on many coastal artillery batteries). 

DECA paid good dividends on the market in 1913: 500-ruble share of the Company was assessed at the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange at 850 rubles. 

The capital of 750 thousand rubles as 1500 registered shares by 500 rubles, only in 1903 had given net profit totaled 62.1 thousand rubles. In 1913, fixed capital - 1.5 mln rubles, that is 1500 shares at 500 rubles and 7500 shares at 100 rubles; balance - 4.181.995 rubles; dividend - 12 % per share for 500 rubles and 3 rubles 12 kopeek per share for 100 rubles.

From June 1901 to October 1917 Joint-stock company 'Deca' has received about 3.5 million rubles net profit.

In June 1918 the company was nationalized. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Petersburg - the number of workers in 1900 - 1910 year: 170 and in 1911 - 1917: 250 or in January 1905 - 179 workers; in January 1914 - 240; 1917 - more than 820. The factory produced an electro-mechanical equipment for the Navy of Russia.
Around the same time, i.e. in the summer of 1915, Joint Stock Company 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (or 'Deca') offered an airplane with a bullet with 'a four-sided feathers'. The bullet was cast from solid lead alloy, the stabilizer was made of tin. Bullets 'with feathers sided' with the other models under the guidance of Professor Zhukovsky were purged in the aerodynamic laboratory of the Imperial Moscow Technical School and received the highest rating-known scientist. The bullet 'Deka' or 'DK' has the best aerodynamic performance. In the end, that since the end of 1915 the company 'Syromyatnikov, Ovchinnikov, Shatsky & Co.' and JSC 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' became the main suppliers of such weapons for the Russian Army, launching a large-scale enterprises in their production. Bullets, 'DK' have been designed so well that no change had existed prior to the 20s of the 20th cent., survived war and civil war. The tests took place in this time showed complete failure of an engineer V. V. Dybovsky / W. Dybowski design of bullets and a bullets from foundry of E. E. Novitsky / E. Nowicki.

Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and 'НиТ' / 'Nauka i Technika', 8 (75), 2012 by Мороз С. Г. / Moroz S. G.

"...Our magazine printed articles about the world's first heavy bomber 'Ilya Muromets'. ... more recently the editors received archival documents that shown new light on some of the events of World War I on the unique heavy airplane of Sikorsky and enterprises of JSC 'Motor Sich', which was called in those days 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co. / Дюфлон, Константинович...', or abbreviated DECA. These materials have been provided courtesy of the Museum of the plant 'Motor Sich'... Such opportunities have factory 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.'. By the time the plant passed the reorganization and was named 'Company of electromechanical structures', but the old mark of DECA continued to be used, as has been widely known for about twenty years. Its managing director Peter P. Azbelev signed on September 9, 1915 contract with the military-technical management, taking the following commitments:
'1. Reference samples ... and the exact basis of general conditions and the annexed lists, and specifications that will be subsequently given to the Company by the Chief Military-technical management, manufacture and deliver ... a) one hundred types of Benz motors 150 HP at 16,200 rubles for the motor, and b) one hundred sets of spare parts for 1,570 rubles per set, and c) twenty additional kits to them / 12 / 15.250 per set, and d) twenty five engines like Mercedes 100-150 HP at 11,340 rubles for the engine, and e) twenty five complete sets of spare parts in 1500 per set, and e) five additional sets to them 14,000 rubles per set, and the total amount of two million four hundred and seventy three thousand (2.473.000) rubles.
2) Testing of engines produced by the supplier according to the rules that will be given to the public by the Office.
3) The company shall manufacture the aforesaid engines and spare parts for Russian factories and present at the factories for inspection and examination of the selection committee: motors of 150 HP, the first five engines and five sets of spare parts and an extra set of spare parts after ten months of the issuance to the Company of the sample, while the remaining 150 HP engines and sets of spare parts for them ... in the next delivery for the first eight months (and) the last month of 11 motors and 14 sets of spare parts. Engines Mercedes by the 100-105 HP - the first one motor, a spare parts kit and one extra set of spare parts in ten months from the date the sample ...
4) On receipt of engines and spare parts supplier undertakes at its own expense sealing and delivering them to the central warehouse near by the aeronautical school, or at one of the railway stations in Petrograd as directed by the Engineering Department, as well as to send them - if you need - to (at no extra cost to the Treasury) - on the proposals of the military department - a place as directed by the Engineering Department...'. Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and журнал НиТ: №8(75), 2012 г.

The contract was signed from the War Department by the head of the Technical Department, Major General GVTU Bolotov.
Company Dyuflon and Konstantinovich possessed relatively large and well-equipped production facilities, in addition having major plants in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and several more branches in major provincial centers of the Russian Empire, but they were loaded with military production, and had no opportunity to place another order ... requiring the development of two new products. In search of the site for the new production ..., called attention to the company of brothers Moznaim in Alexandrovsk in Ukraine (now a city of Zaporozhye). His owners could not find the military orders... Case the brothers were not going well ... and soon the plant changed owner. On the organization a motor branch of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Alexandrovsk and the modernization of the company told the 'S & T' / 'Nauka i Technika' number of January 2011 ... We remind the reader only two dates in the history of the company in December 1915 signed a bill of sale, and in April 1916, had already been built new production buildings with modern - purchased in the U.S. and delivered through Archangel and Vladivostok - equipment. Next were built and other buildings, as well as construction, the specifics of which was related to the future profile of the company. ... began testing station, a large building with a spacious stand, necessary utilities, electric lighting and ventilation. Following the expansion of the plant is the largest enterprise in Russia ... and one of the best equipment ...
The first five-row six-cylinder engines, 'DECA' M-100 with parts and an additional set had to pass by the end of August 1916. It was very difficult: the German construction 'did not fit' with either adopted our technology ... or with the ... Russian and American machines. It was necessary to understand the materials used by German designer and pick up a replacement of domestic production ... the effort to 'adapt' engine 'Mercedes' to our manufacturing taken engineer Vorobyov, and the development of more powerful 'Benz' ... engineer Kireev. ... but the first step has been taken - and in August 1916 the motor 'DECA' M-100 was presented to the control tests. Major General Pniewski reported in St. Petersburg: '...the first engine made entirely of Russian materials, was set in motion and gave satisfactory results'. The plant began to implement the agreement in full. So, the issue of engines was started.
And although by the time the Office of Air Force managed to establish some order to force manufacturers to make this airplane, according to their calculation, the production of the aircraft has failed. And in the following events in 1917, ... you can not find the information in the documents on what engines from Alexandrovsk were to installed to particular variety of aircraft "Ilya Muromets". ... In addition, the well-known book of V. B. Shavrov 'History of aircraft design in the USSR until 1938', states that the motor 'deka' (in the book it is called the M-101) was installed on the aircraft, 'Lebed XI'.
In 1917 began the turbulent events ... All year management and staff of the Alexandrov factory DEKA did everything possible to continue production of engines and save the company ... but 'Company' could no longer exist (after November 1917) in the same form and on December 24, 1917 the company was terminated / adjourned. Although less than a month, the Soviet government decree that plant was nationalized (January 1918), the Company under the circumstances was unable to work...".

1916 -  1917   
   
The Deka built up the military manufactory of aeroengines in a town  Aleksandrovsk (i.e. in Zaporozh'e either Zaporoze or Zaporizhzhya / Zaporozhye) in 1916. The Stavka (Supreme High Command of the Russian Military)  and  Russian military intelligence was interested in such experimental production with advanced  technology in actuality and this headquarters laid down actual line of research into the Deka mechanical  powers for  aircraft, e.g.  general P. W. Pniewski ordered to enforce norms of special steel for aeroengines in  Petrograd at the end  of 1916.  Copyright by Техника - молодёжи 2007-10, страница 31
   The "Main war - technical board" under W. A. Semkowski concluded a big contract with joint stock  company of electrical firms (i.e. particular, separate businesses from Duflon / Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.  abbreviated as  DEKA) from Petrograd on 01 February 1916 in order to construct in the plant of DEKA two experimental aircrafts of professor Gheorghe Botezat  by 01 or 20 October 1917 (with aeroengine "Renault" and  with a gyroscope  - wheel which, when spinning fast, keeps steady the object in which it is fixed - the first automatic pilot) but  the professor  has been gone abroad earlier.
   The stock society DEKA received twice considerable government  subsidies on research & development in 1916 but the magnetos to aero engines produced here continuously in co-operation with the Petrograd  Polytechnic Institute (magneto i.e. electric apparatus for producing sparks in the ignition system of an internal combustion  engine). Copyright by Роман Гусаров Roman Gusarow and Жаннa Храмченко Zanna Chramczenko And it was soon built the section of aero engines in Zaporozhye = Zaporizhzhya under the general chief N. R. Brilling; an area of the factory had got 39 millions m² according to "History of building airplanes  in the  USSR" by B. V. Shavrov of 1985. In 1915, 'Deca' bought the plant of Moznaimov brothers and rebuild it under the issue of internal combustion engines and in particular - aviation; the first contract with the Government for an engine type '100' and 20 engines type Benz - Mercedes. The Mersedes (i.e. Mercedes) aero engines manufactured here in the  second half of  1916 and expected 10 - 15 engines monthly (e.g. the Mercedes - type 100 hp from DEKA factory and  "Deka M-100" in Zaporozh'e as early as 28 September 1916, at a later date DEKA 166/168/170 hp and it were produced here  ten aero engines   DEKA 129 hp with six cylinders monthly in the end of 1916, and DEKA M-170 hp in 1917; extra the "Benz"  and "Mercedes"   aero engines manufactured here also in 1917; the DEKA Company learned production of the piston engines  since September 1916: M-6, M-11, M-22, M-85, M-86, M-87, M-88, Ash-87FN, Ash-62JR, often superior  and better than foreign engines).  
   Major General Pniewski said in parliament about the DEKA company in  November 1916: "This is the first aeroengine as a whole from the Russian materials of experimental line of 5 pieces by 100 hp". The day of complete success - DEKA M-100, the first Russian six-cylinder water cooled engine constructed on 15 / 28 September 1916. This date can be regarded as the birthday of Russian domestic air industry; before 1916 Russia only imported aircraft engines.

So incompetent paralleled researches into the Mercedes engines conducted Anthony Fokker in Germany who was from  Holland and Heinrich Focke b. 1890. About details and photos of the MERCEDES aviation engines or on the  Mercedes-Daimler Motorengesellschaft from Stuttgart-Unterturkheim, see: "Jane's fighting Aircraft of World War I", by John  W. R. Taylor, England 1919 and London 1990 ("Studio Editions").  

The War Department wants to procure large quantities an airplane's bullets and even in 1917 our Joint-stock company 'Deka' was commissioned 400 thousand 'bullets, to shoot from airplanes' but the plant in July passed this order the army.

At present in 2007 "LSR Group planned to open 3 new first class business-centers. Electric City business centre of 340 thousand square metres was designed by architects Sergey Choban and Evgeny Gerasimov in 10, Copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/Medikov Prospect in St Petersburg, in the historic building of 'Duflon, Konstantinovich and Co' plant - 'Electric plant'. ... LSR Group founded in 1993, LSR Group is one of the leading real estate development, construction and building materials companies in Russia". Under copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/

 I  will take pains to collect information on all and  somebody who reads  need to know about.  You don't need to thank me; I'm happy to help whenever I can. I think that we are all  agreed in this matter, and therefore there needs no more words about it..  

'Omsk Engine-Building Production Association' originates from the plant in Alexandrovsk /  Zaporizhia, a joint stock company 'Deka' and produces aviation piston engines of foreign models. Was restored in 1920. 

"The area covered by brick-made production buildings of this factory exceeded any of then available engine works in the tsarist Russia and it   was equipped as one of the best; the Mercedes-type 100 hp single-row water-cooled  six-cylinder  engine assembled here in September 1916 and designated Deka M-100 became the firstling of the  company; the date of its manufacture was accepted as the birthday of the Company (i.e. in Zaporozh'e =   Aleksandrovsk or Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya); later on the engine power has been increased to 129 hp and  then to 168 hp due to efforts of Deka experts who managed to do this" (quotation from Vyacheslav   Boguslayev, Chairman of Board and Director General Motor Sich JSC of 2001; this quotation without the Author's  written permission, so see: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/motor-sich.htm); the engine was  installed to power several modifications of four-engine "Ilya Muromets" aircraft (with the Argus engine  too; for the first time attempted to produce "Benz" and "Argus" engines in the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works that  evacuated from Riga to Petersburg in 1915 but 10 months waited for steel in 1915/16; more than 70 military versions of  the "Ilia Mourometz" were built for use as bombers within 1913 - 1917; in all, 75 bombers were delivered, and roughly half of them saw combat; twenty similar airplanes had  been produced in 1916 and five built in September 1916 were not noticed by military command - were probably with engines of experimental line of 5  pieces Deka M-100; 15 March 1916 the 1st Aero Squadron begins operations) developed by the famous Polish aircraft designers Igor I.  Sikorsky and  his collaborator eng. Witold Jarkowski; outliving the fires of Civil War - sequestration by the Bolshevik authorities in January  1918 - "the  factory has commenced to repair and then to manufacture the parts for Renault aircraft engines" after 1921.   The section of aero engines in  Zaporozhye =  Zaporizhzhya employed as workers for years: in 1916 - 191 employees, 1917 - 420, and at the beginning of 1918 - 416 persons.  

   Завод ''Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко.' 1914  арх. М. М. Чижов, Улица Академика Павлова, 8; проспект Медиков, 3.

   Employees of ours

Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling
elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.
 Brilling i.e. Briling; Russian, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after  completion  of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's  "Iskra", 1907 doctor in field of engines, 1908 - 1915 professor of the Moscow Polytechnic and chief of a special engine lab here, 1911 wrote thesis about internal combustion engines;  Zaporoze, DEKA Company - Copyright by Двигатель №4 (58) 2008 г_ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ОАО МОТОР СИЧ

"the Soviet Council of Labor and Defense issued instructions for the creation of a Commission for Organization of the Design of the Aerosled = KOMPAS in 1919, and the membership of the commission included such leading designers as N. E. Zhukovskiy - its scientific director and N. R. Briling, who  was  selected (according to  Valeriy Potapov; this quotation without the Author's written permission) as director of KOMPAS - it was Briling  himself who had laid the foundation for aerosled design shortly before World War I  in 1912 - mass production of  transport aerosleds was begun in the Russo-Balt i.e. Russian-Baltic Plant in Tsarist Russia". The 'DEKA' company gave work and bread for many future communists:
Antyuhin Fokich Ivan (1894-1938), Mavrin I. F., A.I. Ionov, Michail Georgievich Belov (1881-1936), Skorokhodov Kastorovich Alexander (1880-1919), Sutkevich Pavel Antonovich (1871 - 1919) and Alexander Alexeyev Yemelyanovich in St. Petersburg - then become a draftsman, designer, and finally, an assistant manager at the plant 'Duflon'.

Wladymir Jakowlewicz Klimow
 after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic in 1917 worked as trainee in DEKA factory in  Zaporozhye, he designed a certain aero engine of his own here in 1917 and received an award at professor N. R. Brilling's  hands (Klimow i.e. Klimov; Russian, b. 1892, main constructor of the Soviet aeroengines since 1935). 

In August 1916 was a test of the first aircraft engine 'DECA M-100'. Inline six-cylinder water cooling, such as 'Mercedes'. His drawings created under the direction of engineer Vorobyov from Alexandrovsk / Zaporozhye Plant of St. Petersburg stock company Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co., abbreviated as DECA but "in this study involved a student of the Moscow higher Imperial Technical School - Vladimir Klimov - the future chief designer of engines 'VC', founder of the OKB-117 (now JSC 'Klimov', Saint Petersburg), which took place at the time as the factory practice".
   


Bedrich  Urban  

(born 1880, d. 1940?)  

signed on with the Konstantynowiczs in year 1908 and he worked for  "Duflon & Konstantynowicz" 1908 - 1911 in St Petersburg.

Urban has got experience from "Tallinn Volta" 1904 - 1908.

Bedrich Urban was  engineer  constructor  and after

1911 - 1918 worked for Siemens - Schuckert  factory in St Petersburg

as  director manager according to Rain  Vaikla. 1918 came back to Estonia and he was owner of the 'Bureau Ins. B. Urban & Co.' for technical products and metal products business, tools, engines, steam engines, turbines and Skoda car factory representation in Estonia. 'Siemens-Halske' played a key role in the formation of the St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry before the First Warld War but in this city were other businesses: 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'United Cable Plants', 'Schuckert and Co.', 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', 'Society battery factories Tudor'. From 1898 'Plant of dynamos Siemens-Schuckert' and in 1895, Erickson launched the company 'NK Geisler and Co.', which has American roots. 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. All the rest were foreigners, mainly British and Germans but however, one plant was with mixed capital: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' so-called 'Deca', but it was mainly French. 

http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian merchants: Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company

According to JOHN SPARGO an  author  of   "RUSSIA  AS AN AMERICAN PROBLEM", ed. NEW YORK  and LONDON  in 1920 by Harper  & Brothers: 

"The four  principal  manufacturers of electrical machinery in Russia were   Siemens - Schuckert, General Electric  Company,  Siemens &  Halske, and Duflon,   Konstantynowicz & Co. These companies  made  practically all the generators and transformers   produced in  Russia, the first two companies  named  producing two-thirds of the whole. Of the four  companies named three were simply Russian  branches  of  German concerns, the  last   named, the   Duflon-Konstantynowicz firm, being French. These  factories were quite unable to meet the demand for   generators,  transformers and  other electrical   machinery even before the war".

Russian aircraft factories in the Russian Empire in 1915:

1. Rusian - Baltic Plant (RBVZ): departments of aviation in Riga and St. Petersburg. In 1910 Sikorsky built C6, C10, C12, C22. 2. Zavod 1st All-Russian Association of aeronautics (Shchetinin). 3. 'The aeronautics company (Lebedev, from 1913 to Petrograd). 4. Zavod V. Slyusarenko, 1912 Riga, Bleriot aircraft. 5. Fabrika A. A. Porohovschikova, Petrograd in 1914. 6. Company 'Dux' since 1910 aircraft Farman, Voisin, Deperdyussen. 7. Aviatsionny plant F. F. Mosca. 8. Masterskaya I. I. Steglau in 1911 Petrograd. 9. Zavod A. A. Anatra 1913, Odessa, Simferopol. 10. Company Mathias, from 1914 Berdyansk, the Schütte-Lanz airships. 11. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', Aleksandrovsk in the Ekaterinoslav province, the Argus engines for sale under license. 12. Russian factories Daimler. According to: P. D. Duz, 'The history of aeronautics and aviation in Russia': 1. Russian-Baltic Shipyard (RBVZ) manufactured liquid-cooled engine capacity of 166 liters; RBVZ type-6 Argus have been designed by RBVZ in Riga. The evacuation to Petrograd loss of skilled personnel, equipment and system of production and finance. 2. Plant 'Motor': in the summer of 1915 from Riga to Moscow was evacuated the plant of 'Motor' association which already had experience in building of rotating engines. 3. JSCompany of P. Ilin; producing of engines to cars was involved in workshops of the Ilin company in Moscow. 4. the aviation company in Simferopol; it was created as a branch of the Aviation Plant A. Anatar located in Odessa by the beginning of 1917. 5. Deka in Zaporoze / Aleksandrowsk / Alexandrowsk. 6. In Rostov-on-Don was the Agricultural Machinery Plant 'Aksai' began to create the aviation department and has received an order for monthly production of 30 engines of the 'Mercedes'; 7. and many related industries as Singer in Podolsk.  

Comment on Gheorghe Botezat  

Gheorghe Botezat either doctor George, Geogrij, Georges A. de Bothezat or Georg A. Botezat, Botezatu, was born in Iasi i.e. Jassy in Romania 1883 or 1882 - died in Dayton, Ohio in USA 1940 (photo from http://www.hill.af.mil/museum below). Botezat learnt in Sereth, next graduating in 1908 at Kharkiv Institute of Technology, and two years of study at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1911, was a doctor in field of aviation; a Russian  aeronautical engineer and  mathematician; professor of the  Petrograd Polytechnic  Institute in the beginning of the First world war; worked for DEKA in  Petrograd / St  Petersburg 1914 -  1917 and next he stayed in Iasi at the  turn  of 1918; Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Prof. Bothezat from Romania.wrote (1918) letter and report "General Theory of  the  Screw" (air-screw i.e. propeller of an aircraft); at a later date he wrote off to Subcommittee on Buildings, Laboratories and Equipments in  Feb. 1919 and ( by http://avia.russian.ee/vertigo/bothezat-r.html ) the US  Army Air Corps awarded a contract in January 1921 to Dr. George  de  Bothezat and Ivan Jerome (i.e. Eremeeff, Jeromiejew or Jerome - after a  millionaire   inventor from Long Island and next owner of the Massapequa Farmers Market, the 59-year old Jerome was arrested in 1955, freed on $100,000 bond, he  jumped bail and disappeared; there were reports he had been   seen everywhere from Russia to South America, but he was never found; by   http://www.newsday.com/extras/lihistory) to develop a vertical flight  machine; this helicopter, designated the Engineering Division H-1  and designed by George De Bothezat and Ivan (Eremeeff) Jerome,  made its first public flight on December 18, 1922; George de  Bothezat's Army Helicopter Number 1, nicknamed "The Flying  Octopus", possessed 1 x the 180 hp Le Rhone radial engine (Rhone 134 kW).
Copyright by http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Документальные источники: Duflon and Konstantinovich Company


Count Albert R. de Gern / Albert Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company. His neighbours at I. Lidvall / Lidval house in 1912 - 1916 in St Petersburg: G. Bunge, a retired engineer, member of Russian locomotive and mechanical plant in Kharkov, Management Board of Russian-Belgian Metallurgical Society; M. Weiss, the daughter of Vice Admiral, Grotkus Anna von Erne baroness and Grube, Ernest Charles, the Discount and Loan Bank of Persia - Chairman, Board of Siberian Commercial Bank in St. Petersburg, Committee of the Sisters of Mercy of the Red Cross in 1912; Ramseyer ? / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. / Ramsayer, gentleman, office in the Ministry of Imperial Court.
After Revolution the family of Gern (von Gernet?) stayed in the St. Cloud in France. Even in St. Petersburg, Lina de Gern was acquaintance of Anna Pavlovna Pavlova second, a dancer of Russian ballet. Youngest son Nicholas, Frenchman was released from the Marine Corps in the spring of 1917 with the rank of warrant officer and was assigned to the cruiser. The Minister of Marine, Grigorovich has sent him in fall of 1917 to America on charges of ordering new ships. In New York he fell in love with some actress and decided to marry her. In 1918, shot himself. The eldest son Sergei, from post-war Paris, in 1920 went to America. They all were Catholic. Count de Gern for a long time was married to the daughter of the Marquis de Segur, and the Catholic Church does not recognize divorce; the count went to the family estate in the north of France. The consequence of loss of personal funds was that the Count appeared in St. Petersburg as a representative of the French capital invested in the steel factory Makeyevka in southern Russia. De Gern on August 19, 1906 second time married, lived close to Kozelsk and in St. Petersburg. Acquaintance of the Gern family: the family of Zapolsky, Sergei N. Aksakov with son of Boris and daughter Xenia, Peter V. Blokhin and Princess Nadezhda Vyazemskaya from Mogilev, Alexei Nikolayevich Yergolsky from a estate south of Kozelsk.

M. S. Sitnikov employees of ours. 

Nikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik born 1888, was a Russian politician and employees of ours - 1902.
CHARLE Masson Ph. / son of Philiberte / Philibert Masson was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow). Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935) - hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'. Also: W. W. Kiriejew engineer in Aleksandrowsk (Benz engines) and Alexander Medvedev born 1900, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs BASSR - he began his career in 1913 at 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg. Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway. Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki. And from the Tomsk Province Basil Bunkov since 1915 in St Petersburg. 

Valentin Petrovich Vologdin
1881 - 1953.
According to Jan Schneiberg / Ian Shneyberg: "Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was born 1881. His father, Piotr A. Vologdin worked as a mining superintendent of the Kuva Metallurgical Plant. ... After moving this family to Perm, Valentin ... enrolled in 1892 to Perm real school. ... In 1900 he successfully passed the examinations to the Petersburg Institute of Technology. ... participated in the demonstrations of the revolutionary ... students. ... he was arrested ... Through the application of a professors of Technology Institute, he was enrolled in the engineering corps soldier ...". V. P. Vologdin began his work after return to St. Petersburg. His real activity began in 1910 in the field of the construction of Russian-built generators for radio communications. "V. P. Vologdin created several original designs, the first of which was built in 1912 for naval stations. ... in 1912, has developed its own ... radiogenerator ... to the naval radio station, manufactured by the factory of Glebov. A year later, in 1913, Vologdin creates a more powerful machine (6 kW at a frequency 20 kHz), which was used for radiotelephone between crests and the main port of Admiralty in St. Petersburg at a distance of 5 km". He worked for the French - Russian plant in 1912 - 1918, now part of the Admiralty shipyard, the plant  “Duflon & Konstantinovich” (Deka); he designed a certain generator at the plant Electrik (former Deka) in St. Petersburg, and also an high frequency alternator for radio engineering purposes in Russia, with 2 kW, 60 kHz for the Navy and planned to work on much larger machines for radio stations and (1915) on heavy aircraft Ilya Murometz by Igor I. Sikorski.  Igor Sikorsky airplane with co-operation of DEKA.Prof. Valentin Petrovich Vologdin played an outstanding role in radio engineering and electrotechnology. "V. P. Vologdin becomes head of the technical bureau at the plant 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' near by St. Petersburg. The company produced the high-power generators, which were cheaper than foreign and reliable in operation. ... representatives of foreign firms invited him to work, but he rejected all the proposals and wants to create own research laboratory. During the ... war ... Valentin Petrovich was already working as technical director, produced not only high-frequency machine radios, and generators for airplanes, different equipment for military installations". "He played a special role in the development of the Russian radio industry initially as an expert in power conversion technique and then as one of its organizers. Vologdin is also a pioneer of high frequency electrotechnology" (see: research by Vladimir I. Roginskii, published in 1981, Leningrad). Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was the founder of the industrial use of  high-frequency current technology including shipbuilding, with Michail Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich), the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia.

In 1918, Valentin Petrovich Vologdin in Lower Novgorod set up scientific Electrotechnical Laboratory to create radio Science Center, founded the summer of 1918. He has built two transmitters spark station at Tsarskoe Selo and Khodynskoe field in Moscow together with M. Bonch-Bruevich, creator of the world's first electronic tube generator with a copper anode, cooled water.

Azbelev Peter P. , b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, died after 1927, the Soviet Union. From the hereditary nobility. A retired major-general of the Russian fleet and when the first Russian ocean armored cruiser 'Dmitriy Donskoy' carried out investigations off the coast of the Korean Peninsula in 1896, the crew of the cruiser gave names to islands, capes and bays in honor of the members of the crew: P. P. Azbelev, A. A. Bek-Dzhevagirov, G. I. Butakov, Vitgeft, Gildebrandt, Govorlivyy, Dundukov-Korsakov, G. S. Zavoyko, Semenov V. I. and Shtorre. We can to see familiar names given by the Russian sailors on German maps of Korea published in 1904, according to Nikolai Komedchikov of the Russian Academy of Science. His father Paul B. Azbelev, d. after 1901, a retired Councillor of State, lived in St. Petersburg, Kolpino No 7. Brothers and sisters: Nicholas d. 1912, major-general of the Admiralty, Ivan b. 1862, died in Ekaterinburg 1931, Alexander d. 1913, Constantine b. 1895 died after 1920, Julia d. after 1913; wife Elizabeth F. d. after 1913, lived with her husband in St. Petersburg, Apothecary No 6. Son Paul b. 1900, St. Petersburg d. after 1932, arrested 1932. About the family of the above named Azbelev: 1. Azbelev, I. P., 'Yaponiya i Koreya', published by A. Levenson, Moscow, 1895, 276 pp. 2. Acc. to Yuan Tung-Li: Azbelev, Nikolai Pavlovich, d. 1912. P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt'.

Armand Alexandr / Alexander E., hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Armand Evgenii / Evgeny E., hereditary honorable citizen, counselor; chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.' Alexander Kastorovich Skorokhodov, a worker-Bolshevik, in Petrograd 1916 and he worked at the plant 'Dyuflon'.

Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - the history of creation and organization of production of the first Soviet vacuum tubes is going to Bonch-Bruevich and to the outstanding Soviet technologist F. I. Stupak; after moving to St Petersburg, 1896 he met Vologdin; in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916).
  
Pavel Antonovich Sutkiewicz son of Antoni Sutkiewicz. Born 8 / 20 September 1871 in Saratov, nobleman, the Roman-Catholic, Polish, died 24 August 1919. He left a lot of articles in 'Elektrichestvo', by Russian Imperial Technic Society. P. A. Sutkievich was living in Samara and in 1892 Odessa, and after 1892 studied at the St Petersburg Politechnic Instytut, to 1897. Since 1897 worked for 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company' in Petersburg (office job), 1898 was living in Lower Novgorod. Acc. to A. G. Udincew.
Ian A. Berzin / Janis Berzinš b. November 29, 1890, died April 14, 1938. Soviet trade unionist. In 1915, Ian A. Berzin began working in the plant of General Electric Company. The First World War forced the government to evacuate some of the plants from Riga to Petrograd. Together with other workers, Jan Berzin goes to the Russian capital, Petrograd and to factories of Puzyrev, Dyuflon, Rakovitski, Geri, Siemens-Schuckert.

Cooperant of our factories 

Igor I. Sikorsky (or Sikorski) born 1889, he spent three years at the Naval College in St. Petersburg 1903 - 1906; Sikorsky's success  helped win him a job as head of the airplane division of the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works in Petersburg 1912 - 1917, that is where he  developed his first major new airplane design.  The R-BVZ manufactured trains, airplanes, engines and automobiles, and it was run by M. W.  Szydlowski, who had insight into the importance of aviation's future; the engineering and technical staff at the R-BVZ was expanded by  Sikorsky  who brought many of them along with him from Kiev; the first airplane built by Sikorsky and his staff at the R-BVZ was the S-6B  which was a modified version of the S-6A (by Carl Bobrow - this quotation without the Author's written permission). In 1920 a business - company of 'Sikorsky - Ukraine', was half of state company, started to operate. 

1917

Comment on  Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya  

Announcement on autonomy of Ukraine in April 1917 and the first Declaration of   independence  by Ukraine on 20 November 1917 involved Zaporozhye but shortly assumption of power by the Soviets in January 1918. In 1918 the 'Deca' factory in Zaporozhye was nationalized and in 1923 was renamed on the 'State Aircraft Plant No 9 Bolshevik' - 1995 as JSC 'Motor Sich'. "The Peace of Bread"  concluded by Germany,  Austria - Hungary and  Turkey with the Ukraine:  acceptance of the Ukr. state on 09 February  1918, and Treaty of  Brest-Litovsk  on 03 Mar. 1918 recognized the Ukraine as ind. state and  thus the Austria -  Hungarys Army occupied Zaporozhye since April by November 1918, next Skoropadsky and the Ukrainian Directory since November 1918 by March 1919, general  Denikin since May  1919 by December 1919; general Vrangel by October 1920 and conquered  by the Red Army  then. 

Around that time many others the Polish in Russia were involved in studying flights 

1. eng. Theodor Kalep / Kalepa or Kalepas, Estonian by birth, in "Motor" works which evacuated from Riga to Moscow in 1915  (by  http://latvianaviation.com/Pioneers.html here constructed the first Soviet aeroengine in 1919),  
2. Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski (1847 - d. 17 March 1921) called "the father of Russian aviation" wrote about stability of  motion and hydraulic shock in water pipe, one of the world first wind tunnel was built in 1902 at Moscow University under his  supervision and First Europe Aerodynamics Inst. was established in Kuchino in 1904,
3. Stefan Drzewiecki (1844 - 1938) son of Karol, worked in Paris (here edited a handbook in 1916, and died in 1938) and  Petersburg. Drzewiecki met with Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen. The usual guests of Drzewiecki were brothers Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon, botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky, Serbian Prince Karageorgievich. Drzewiecki presented his theory in a detailed report of the Technical Society in April 1884 and published under the title 'The airplanes in under way, the theory of flight experience'. His parents were noble, an ancient clan of the Poles, who owned large estates in the province of Volhynia and a piece of land in Odessa, houses in Warsaw, and so his parents more part of living were in Paris, where he was educated at home and in Lycee St. Barbe.
4. L. Z. Markowicz who edited handbook in St Petersburg in 1911/1913,  

5. major general P. W. Pniewski, chief of the Russian air force who kept  in touch with the Supreme High Command of the Russian Military  and chief officer of  the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" in 1916 (the Pniewski family of Rola  arms verified themselves in Kaunas  A.D. 1799: Maciej son of Stanislaw, and also in 1861: sons of brothers Augustyn and Stanislaw; Ignacy Pniewski son of  Szymon possessed Tarucie estate in the  Kaunas government in 1889); 

6. W. F. Adamienko, owner of an air factory in Moscow,  

7. O. W. Olechnowicz  (lieutenant Alechnovitch) has beaten many records on the small Sikorsky aeroplane; see www.alexanderpalace.org/.../flyingmen.html,  

Stanislaw Dorozynski (the first flight of Russian Naval Aviation at Kulikovo Pole airfield near Sebastopol with pilot S.F.Dorozhinski on 16 September 1910),  

Dybowski, Sredinski, Heyne, Makowiecki, Malynski,  Bronislaw Matyjewicz - Maciejewicz (he studied in France in 1910, died 01.05.1911 near Sebastopol),  

Grzegorz Piotrowski (or Petrovski, he studied in France in 1910),  

Michal Scipio del Campo (or Campo - Scipio, b. at Polesie area in 1883, did a degree in Polytechnic of Lille, his first flight was here in 1905, he studied in France still in 1910, Scipio flew on a plane constructed by Czeslaw Zbieranski & Cywinski in summer 1911),  

Otto Segno (or Henryk Segno, he studied in France by the end of 1910),  

and at a later date B. J. Rossinski, M. G. Lerch, A. J. Rajewski /  A. E. Raievsky (the first Polish to fly in a Bleriot monoplane was a young student, Raievsky) and G. W.  Jankowski /  Yankovsky (when Sikorsky started to build machines of his own, Yankovsky became his pilot)  -  experimental pilots (the Polish were 33 % of Russian pilots in 1911, and besides Lew Maciewicz died in 1910; the others Polish pilots in Russia who served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918: Norvid Kudlo in Babrujsk 1918, captain Zygmunt Studzinski in Minsk 1917 - 1918; besides Stanislaw Jakubowski in Odessa 1917 - 1918 and lieutenant Waldemar Narkiewicz in Odessa 1918 - 1919);

8. W. Hurko - chief of the Committee on Air Force since 1915  and the member of the imperial State's Cabinet, 

9. eng. Butmi, Giedrojc and eng. W. W. Bartoszewicz (i.e. V. V. Bartoshevich, chief of the assembly of aeroplanes; Farman-IV aircraft was built in series under supervision of engineer  Bartoshevich)  at  "Dux" factory in Moscow,  

10. eng. Pozezinski elaborated project of aeroengine in September 1915,  

11.  M. Adam Haber - Wlynski (i.e. Gaber - Vlynskij, b. 1883 - died 1921 in Lublin, he studied in France by the end of 1910 and worked in "Dux" factory near by Alexander station in Moscow; he    flown the most common modification of Russian Farman - IV and had set several ceiling records e.g. April 13th, 1913; next fought in the Poznan province 1919),  

12.  Nagorski (i.e. pilot J. I. Nagurskij did the world  first  flight in Nesterov's  flying boat on September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel   on  November 16th, 1916),  

13. Raczynski - in his big estate in the Smolensk government constructed an airplane factory in 1917,  

14.  patents for aeroengines received during the First world war: D. Wiszniewiecki, captain Jablonski, colonel P. A. Gelwach, lieutenant Fajwiszewicz;  

15. W. A. Semkowski was in command (1916) of the "Main war - technical board of directors" where  was an air section; the section was the base of the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" under major general P.  W. Pniewski (war supply and orders) in 1916, 

16. major general Michal Szydlowski (Sydney Gibbes - who was after appointed English tutor to the Tsar's children in 1908 - spent the summer of 1901 with a family called SHIDLOVSKY = Szydlowski; he was taken on as tutor to two boys and lived in St Petersburg and in their country "dacha" according to "The Romanovs & Mr Gibbes (...)" by Frances Welch, ed. London 2002; see also below) an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and who was near connected with W. Hurko in 1916, died 1918; 

17. Feliks J. Biske or Biskie was born in Plonsk 13.11.1874 and next lived in Warsaw 1912, physicist and air expert in 1915, in Rostov by Don 1916, Izum in   Ukraine 1924,  

18. Stanislaw Ziembinski manager of aerodynamics lab near by Kiev and director of "Gnome" aeroengines factory in Moscow by June 1915; here captain  Wojtkiewicz, lieutenant Radawski and captain Golubicki also worked in May 1916,  

19. W. J. Sredniewski, expert of aerial photograph,  

20. eng. Wladyslaw Zalewski (chief of the Central air constructional office in Warsaw since 1925) and Franciszek Kaczynski carried out designes of planes in 1915, 

21. Jerzy Jankowski and S. Czerwinski acted as air experts,  

22. Hipolit Lossowski after completion of the Aerial Navigation School (since 1907) commanded the School of Pilots in Moscow since 1916 and the 7th Air Park in 1917, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918,  

23. Gustaw Macewicz after completion of the first Course of pilotage in 1911 commanded the 7th Air Squadro since 1914, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918, the Polish general 1919,  

(The White Corps of General Dowbor Musnicki (Dovbor - Mus'nicki) was composite of the Polish from Russian Army.  Polish society had known in 1918 only  about  nine tsarist Generals, Poles - according to Baginski: Gen. Michaelis, Dowbor Musnicki, Bylewski, Symon, Latour, Jacyna, Lesniewski, Olszewski and  Osinski. According to Olechowski, during the First world war in the tsarist Army served 800.000 Poles (20.000 officers and 102 Generals in November 1917) but only a couple of a dozen or so had gone through to Polish Corps (the 1st, 2nd and 3rd) in 1917 - 1918. According to Szczesny in Lithuanian Army (in 1919) as many 60 % officers came from the 1st Polish Corps, e.g. commands and orders in the Birzai regiment made in Polish (spring 1919). According to Gen. Bylewski (data of April 01st, 1917) 119 Generals - Catholics - mainly the Polish, 20.000 officers and 480.000 - 700.000 private soldiers served in Russian Army and besides 100.000 prisoners of war - Poles. According to Alexander Lednicki in June 1917 in Russian Army served only 314.000 Poles, and according to Gen. Dowbor Musnicki were 300.000 the Polish) 

24. eng. Wsiewolod Jan Jakimiuk next acted in Poland,  

25. Jerzy Rudlicki carried out designes of plane in Odessa in 1910 and Tadeusz Heyne in Kiev 1910, too, 

26. colonel Aleksander Wankowicz was expert in balloons in Russia; 

27. the eldest Pole among above military figures was general Jan Jacyna.

Jan (John) Jacyna born 15 December 1864, died on 10, December 1930 in Warsaw. He was the son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz. "In 1878, he graduated from high school in St. Petersburg, and the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery". Major-General in 1911. 1917 was an vice-president of the Association of Military Poles and president and treasurer of the Supreme Polish Military Committee in St. Petersburg. 1921 - 1922 adjutant general of the Head of State. Jacyna was married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki, with whom he had a son, Alexander b. 1894.

He served in a
"Main technical committee"
of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891;
at a later date he acted,  1901 - 1917

as member on "the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry (next War and Navy  Ministry) in Petersburg.
Since then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during  - 1914 / 1917 - the First world war; then (since 1915)

he co-operated with "Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives and he ran up against suggestions of aeroplanes deliveries and aerial inventions
(confer Jan Jacyna memoirs, vol. 1, p. 71);

he was the most known general in all Polish environments of St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th  cent., amidst military and industrial activists, social workers after the Bolshevik revolution, and also among the Polish active politicians in Russian parliament  since 1905/06; he was near to the imperial Russian court; general Jan Jacyna evaluated figure of Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz wholy negative when paid a  call on Lenin at the end of January 1918;  

(general Jan Jacyna kept in touch with  e.g.

Michal Szydlowski and Karol Jaroszynski = Karol Yaroshinsky, who managed with a big loans especially  during  the First world war. On Jaroszynski see
Shay McNeal, "The Plots to Rescue the Tsar", ed. London 2001  

[Karol Yaroshinsky / Karol Jaroszynski "(...) died in near poverty in 1928. His last years were spent in pain as a result of a poison needle having been jabbed into him at the opera in Paris at almost the same time as Sidney Reilly disappeared in the Soviet Union
(in the 1920s). (...) Before the Revolution, he had fallen in love with one of the Tsar's daughters (...). Near to Krivoshein - the man who brought Yaroshinsky into the Allied banking scheme. (...) Yaroshinsky was the financial benefactor to the Romanov family during the last days of their captivity in Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg in 1918. The man was involved with Henry Armitstead and Jonas Lied, who had been paid through the British Secret Service for activities in Northern Russia
(1918)."]).

The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company co-operated with the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank.

According to V. S. Solomko at http://www.encspb.ru/ this St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank was a joint-stock commercial bank, opened in 1869, cooperating especially closely with the

St. Petersburg International Bank

by taking part "in the military industrial group to build submarines for the Baltic Navy. The group included Lessner's Plant and Nobel's Plant in St. Petersburg, which played a leading role in the group, as well as Fenix, Atlas, and Gatchinsky Ironworks".

Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich b. 1862, political and public figure, banker and businessman, was Director of Moscow Discount Bank. In 1907 and 1915, he was elected Member of State Assembly representing Industry and Trade, heading a Defence Commission 1907-10.
In St Petersburg, he was a member of St Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank's board.
From 1915, he was Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee and a member of the Special Meeting for defence.
At the end of 1916, he designed plans for dynastic coup, acc. to A. G. Kalmykov and http://www.encspb.ru.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'.
On the Рамзай surname:
we are looking for who is Riemsnyder / Reimsnyder / Reemsnyder / Reamsnyder or Ramseyer / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. - a family from Estonia and St. Petersburg.

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

28. Eng. professor Witold Jarkowski born 1875 - died 1918, took a degree in Paris, he next worked in the St Petersburg Technological Institute; and Jan  Jarkowski i.e. engineer Jan T. J. Jarkowski son of Jozef who verified himself with his sons: Aleksander, Witold, Jan and Wladyslaw M. Jarkowski in MINSK in  November 1894 (they owned village Rusaki - near by Hlybokae in the Dzisna district - since 1840 and they were related to the Szendzikowski family);  

29. naval general Aleksander Fedorowicz Mozajski (Russian, 1825 - 1890; probably from Polish-speaking Ukrainian nobility, who were Roman Catholics; "the Russian nobles, named Mozhaysky (and alike), have originated from the ancient Volhynian Mozhayski-Mozarowski family" according to http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mozhayski/teksty/fammemb.html) began to design an aircraft in 1880 and he constructed it in 1883;  

30. Captain Zabski i.e. Shabskij constructed in 1908 the blimp called "Uchebnyj" (1500 m cub.) belonged to the Russian Army. In 1908, the firm 'Duflon' produced two electric motors but the commission found it is not practical enough.  

1918

"The Russo-Baltic Wagon Company had a director Michal Szydlowski who was an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and he managed to convince the Imperial Russian Air Force (IRAF) to utilize the "Murometz" for reconnaissance and bombing purposes; in December 1914 Szydlowski himself, with the rank of Major General, took over command of the "Squadron of Flying Ships" known as the EVK (Aleksander Serednicki; captain Jozef Baszko died in Riga 1946 - son of Stanislaw from the Vicebsk goverrnnnment; captain Robert Nizewski b. 02.05.1885 as Catholic and captain Kazimierz Zagorski were pilots here, according to my research work); Szydlowski (...) brought Sikorsky to his base and together they managed to overcome the teething problems; (...) the pre-war Murometz was designed to use German-built engines, which obviously were not available and Sikorsky experimented with a range of Russian (DEKA aeroengine according to me) and British engines, but never achieved the desired level of performance; these problems, together with the low level of Russian manufacturing, meant that only 75 (or 70 - 80) of this outstanding aircraft were produced during the war; Szydlowski decided, after the revolution, that he had no future in Russia, and he convinced Sikorsky to leave also; Szydlowski together with his son, was captured trying to cross the border into Finland and they were shot, Sikorsky was luckier and from Murmansk he managed to escape by ship to London" (quotation from ARI UNIKOSKI; this quotation without the  Author's written permission).  

Russia also had the first aviation research center in the world, the Kouczynski (i.e. Kuczynski) Institute and B.C. Steczkin was the author of the theory of the jet-engine.


Curiosity: the first plant which the Germans built in the Soviet Russia was "Junkers - Werke" in File near by Moscow in 1922; operated till 1925. The Junkers company  activated its branches in Rostov by Don and Turkestan in 1925 and also airline "Deruluft". The Soviets increased import of the BMW aeroengines from Munich in Germany  after 1925, and in 1928 bought a licence on production of the BMW aeroengines, which the German engineers - from Technische Hochschule in Berlin - assembled in Russia  after 1931 (according to professor Andrzej Peplonski of 1996).  

Do you know? In Poland after second world war was a proverb about DEKA Company that any bad car with defective  engine is "deka- wka / dekawka / decavca", i.e.  proverbial junk!  By  all means! ... in an imagination of our  "worshippers"...  

the early 20th century 

Ferdynand Konstantynowicz studied in Dorpat / Tartu (University of Dorpat - term No 160, Second part in 1907), he was  born 1883 in Riga. Wiktor / Viktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd  lived in Tallin / Tallinn, the  Nomme area since  1918. 

We lived in Vilna / Vilnyus (the early 20th century Piotr the 2nd  Konstantynowicz son of Gustav - Piotr was married to Maria W.); 

in Pinsk (Konstantynowicz Konstantyn the 4th) and Grodno (Hrodna) and  near to Dzjatlava / Zdzieciol (the village Gronsk) and west of LIDA (the  places Maluki, Zabalac / Zabalac' either Zabolot or Zablot', Przevoza, Volejsze, Kascjaneva)  at the beginning of the 20th cent.; according to Mr Ejsmont from Poland of  2006: 1. Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Adam and Wiktoria nee  Cydzik;  2. Konstancja Konstantynowicz died in Kozlowicze - the parish of Jeziorsko; sons of her: Jan and Michal; 3. Wincenty Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki - parish of  Jeziorsko,  SE of  Grodno; his parents - Adam Konstantynowicz and Melanja nee Doroszkiewicz; 4. Kazimierz Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki; his son Jan Konstantynowicz;  5. Stefan Konstantynowicz, died in Toloczki, son of Ksawery and Antonina nee Toloczko; 6. Piotr Konstantynowicz, son of Aleksander and Jadwiga nee Obuchowicz, lived in  Toloczki; next of kin Wladyslaw and Anna Konstantynowicz;  

in Minsk (Konstantynowicz Andrzej; brothers Jakov, Vincenty and  Semen; Semen the 2nd (or Szymon) son of Jerzy the 2nd; Konstantynowicz  Antoni; Adolf son of Wilhelm; Mikolaj son of Pavel) at the beginning of the 20th cent. and Daugavpils (or Dunaburg = Dyneburg, Dvinsk); 

in the government of Smolensk (district i.e. ujezd of Dorohobuz  1913)  and Vicebsk = Vitebsk (Jozef Konstantynowicz in  September  1918) by their own account, too; 

from a Azerbaijan list of executed generals in Baku July 1920 by Soviets according  to zerbaijan M. E. Rasulzade "Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti": tsarist General  Konstantynowicz; 

in St Petersburg (Peterburg) Sergiej Konstantynowicz son of  Michail -  PUBLIC PROSECUTOR in this city 1907 -1918 according to the "St Petersburg Centralnyj  Istoritcheskij Archiv"; 

and near by Moscow (the Uzkoje estate i.e. otherwise Uzkoje village, situated about 15 km S-W-S of Moscow  core in the suburbs of the capital, near by Vitcevskij forest and Tschertanovka river) in the beginning of the 20th  cent. 

Jan Konstantynowicz had died in the Karpaty mount as senior officer being in the Russian army in winter 1914/1915.  According to "Prisoners in 'Donbas' and Saratov" - Aleksander Stanislaw Konstantynowicz; The "Big  Illustrated Universal Encyclopaedia",  vol. 29 / 30, edit. in Warsaw - Aleksander Konstantynowicz;  note: the author also looking for information about Alexander Konstantynowicz - we know now that he  was a painter of the 19th century (the painting "Guitar player" 1917);  among persons convicted and arrested for political causes there were Jan Niekrasz and  Jan  Konstantynowicz who died in 1922 from typhus among Polish prisoners in Kovno, according to "The Lithuanian - Polish Dispute", s. 30; 

Michail Konstantynowicz according to "Antologija russkoj poezji w Pol'she" in Warsaw 1937. 

The Konstantynowicz family lived in Vilnius (or Wilno, Wilniuja, Wilnia, Vilna), Vaukavysk, Ivacevicy, Hrodna, Bransk - Jan Slawomir Konstantynowicz  son of Jan was born 1931 here in accordance with Karolina Horoszko of 2007 - and Lida in Poland, and also the Konstantynowiczs and their   relatives in Riga, Daugavpils, Vilani (25,5 km west of Rezekne), near by Preili (30,5 km S - W - S of Vilani) and Jekabpils in Latvia and Plunge in Lithuania  in the thirties and the forties of the 20th cent. by all accounts. 

Henryk and Franciszek Konstantynowicz fought against Soviet troops near to Krzywda, Kock and Helenowek in 

October 1939.

A certain Jerzy Konstantynowicz died in Mecklenburg province (Malchov in Germany on February 24th, 1944, during a compulsive works) and buried   here during the Second world war, according to the Polish Red Cross. Konstantynowicz Pawel b. 1896 in Marcinkowka near by Druskienniki,  died October 17th, 1941 in Tockoje (Russia) and buried here (according to Henryk Sokolowski). Acc. to: http://archive.is/4SE5N death of a soldier in the Soviet Union, 1941 - 1942, Konstantynowicz, Pawel.

Key note 

Among relatives and next of kins of our Mscislau branch appeared the Zarako Zarakowski family in the second half of 19th cent. and in the 20th cent.; 

the Spychalski family from Lodz was related to kinsmen of our lineage at the turn of the 20th century and in the middle of the 20th cent.; 

the Jaroszewicz family had connection to our line in the middle of the 20th cent. (the Jaroszewicz house derived from the Vicebsk province and had Prus the 1st arms, they possessed here the Ostupiszcze estate from Gruzewski family since 1710 to the end of the 18th cent.; Jerzy Piotr Jaroszewicz with Kwaczynski nickname was an officer here in 1713 - 1714 and somebody here in 1716; related to Kownacki, Rymaczewski and Kopakowski according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3; among others several of the Jaroszewiczs died in Old Bychow in 1655; priest Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666, Roman Jaroszewicz in Mahileu in 1682, and Jan Jaroszewicz in Vilna 1720 - 1722, another Jan Jaroszewicz and also his son Jan lived in Szaule near by Mejszagola in 1753, Ludwik Jaroszewicz lived in the Mscislau province in 1764; the Jaroszewiczs were related to Jankowski, Olszewski and Chodasiewicz families in the Dzisna district and also they served Radzivill family in the Minsk government at the turn of the 20th cent.; Dmitrij Jaroszewicz son of Konstantin, Russian admiral); 

Constantinovich / Konstantinovitz / Constantinowitz family in Russia, 18th and 19th cent. to the November Revolution 1917

the Swierczewski family was near socially associated with us, for instance in the sixtieth of the 20th century. 

Some Generals, Prime Minister, the Head of State and one marshal of the communistic Poland - creators of the Soviet   transitory administration 1943 / 1990 - derived from these families. Relatives of our Konstantynowicz branch kept in touch  with  Jozef  Pilsudski, Michal Zymierski and Wladyslaw Sikorski at the moment in the first half of the 20th century - marshals  and  General with different political views. 

It wonder that three Marshals and General - military prosecutor died with natural death but three remaining Generals died with tragic death.

The Jaroszewicz marriage was murdered by former Secret Service and the Soviet KGB officers, acc. to http://nowahistoria.interia.pl/historia-na-fotografii/. Jaroszewicz was supposed to suggest that Charles / Karol Swierczewski 'Walter' betrayed him in 1947, the secret disclosed by the Soviet General, concerning the replacement of the Polish communist leaders by Soviet agents-look-alikes.

Generals of communistic People Polish Army: Karol Swierczewski, Piotr Jaroszewicz and Marian Spychalski (later on the Marshal) in the fourties of the 20th century were deputies of Michal Zymierski - Marshal and communistic Minister of Defense. The genealogy of my Mscislau "inlet" of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century  and after  when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo  but especial at the turn of the 20th century. It was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.  

This connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?  

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

the present 

The Konstantynowicz family moved to the new Polish west and north territories after 

1945   Copyright by Moikrewni 2008

1. as a result of the Yalta Conference 1945 - the eastern regions of Poland were incorp. into  the U.S.S.R. for the Curzon Line became Poland's  eastern border, and the western border of  Poland was to be fixed in a peace treaty; 2. as a result of the Potsdam Conference and the  Potsdam  Agreement of 1945 that sanctioned the expulsion of almost all Germans from  the Ger. territories in the East, Czechoslovakia and  Hungary, and  also resettlement of the  depopulated areas in the East with eastern Poles (besides exile of 1,6 - 2 mil. eastern Poles to  northern  Russia and to Siberia 1939 -  c. 1955) mainly compulsive displaced persons among others  from Vilna, Volhynia and White Russia in 1945 - 1947; 3. as a result of the Treaty of  Border  (ex-line Oder - Neiße) between Poland and Germany of  1990.  

I can't give many more information about this period after 1945  for the sake of secret data.  But we can to check  up on ourselves  at  ©   "Moikrewni.pl"  website -  to the right »  

I am looking for all persons with KONSTANTYNOWICZ surname whose ancestors (as a   whole 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th cent.) are  from:  

1. BELARUS : Governments of Minsk, Vicebsk (Vitebsk) and Mahileu (Mogilev or Mahilyow by the river   Dniepr = Dnjapro) 

2. RUSSIA: Government of Smolensk, St Petersburg and Moscow  

3. LATVIA (Livland): Governments of Vicebsk and Riga (i.e. Livlandskaja gubernija = the government of   Livland).

Outside of Poland now

Many of them stayed in  BELARUS

Belorussian peacekeeping veteran Konstantine Konstantynowicz inf. 11 April, 2003; Andrzej,  Pawel and Roman Konstantynowicz in Mahileu by the river Dnjapro according to Sergiusz  Marszalkowski of 2004; in village Toloczki close to Hrodna; an area of Starossalje /  Starosjelo NE of Miezonka; at Asipovicy region: Tatarkow primary school;  Zabalac close to Lida; and a first deputy chairman (the vice-president in 2003) of the Belarusian  Union of Architects, Anatoliy (i.e. Anatol) M. Konstantynowicz in Minsk; A. A.  Konstantynowicz acted in Acad. Agric. Sci. of Belarus in 1992; Sh. V. Konstantynowicz  from Belarus at SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC - TECHNICAL CONGRESS "MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES ".  

Now in Lida: G. F. Konstantynowicz tel. 53109 Tuchachevski Str. and now in Minsk:  

Who tel. Str. No Apt. Konstantynowicz A. A. 2267105 Tanka Str. 30/2 Apt. 53, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2344451 Chorushej Str. 19 134, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2625139 Kolcova Str. 23 66, Konstantynowicz A. N. 2302864 Vaniejeva Str. 8 72, Konstantynowicz G. A. 2733456 Altajskaja Str. 64/5 68, Konstantynowicz G. V. 2445007 Shabany Str. 13 56, Konstantynowicz E. T. 2432695 Gierasimienko Str. 29 74, Konstantynowicz Sh. D. 2955986 Zilunovicha Str. 27 23, Konstantynowicz I. E. 2429894 Niesterova Str. 4 153, Konstantynowicz I. M. 2165503 Jesenina Str., No 19 Apt. 166, Konstantynowicz K. F. 2382929 Ilimskaja Str., 29 226, Konstantynowicz L. G. 2810745 P/O Stiepianka Korwata Str. 34 Apt. 33, Konstantynowicz L. K. 2356986 2 Bagrationa Court (Pier.) No 19 Apt. 789, Konstantynowicz M. A. 2738872 Angarskaja Str. 20/2 44, Konstantynowicz M. S. 2495360 Pliechanowa 56/3 166, Konstantynowicz N. I. 2475314 Jakubova 30 5, Konstantynowicz N. N. 2499679 Pliechanova 52/1 9, Konstantynowicz N. P. 2502878 Orlovskaja 86/3 14, Konstantynowicz O. V. 2268756 Tanka Str., 30/2 Apt. 71, Konstantynowicz O. F. 2997217 Shossejnaja 9 17, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2968379 Bajkalskaja 45 28, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2998379 Bajkalskaja Str. No 45 Apt. 28, Konstantynowicz F. I. 2431028 Angarskaja 13/2 6, according to: http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

settled themselves in

Russia

Krasnojarsk in the sixties of the 20th cent. and the Krasnojarsk area after 2nd world war, Archangelsk = Arkhangelsk: Yury Konstantynowicz now, Moscow: Aleksandr Konstantynowicz and Oleg Konstantynowicz now, Dmitrij Konstantynowicz in Togliatti near to Samara; 

in 1918 Abram Ioffe [b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked: B.  P. Konstantynowicz, I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov, Lev Landau [son of David, born 1908 in Baku; his  father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],  P. L. Kapitsa [Piotr =  Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military  engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see:  http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504
- and Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see:  http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s; grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on Electromechanics Department; he remained there as a lecturer until 1921; he went to England and there he worked with Ernest Rutherford; in 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union] and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves] - see http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html; 

in Moscow - Konstantynowicz Nikolaj son of Konstantin (Zjabon nickname, inf. of 2004) and my family in Omsk after 1929: Viktoria / Wiktoria born 1870/71 or 1873/1875 - daughter of NN Konstantynowicz and - ? - Maria Trubecki / Troubetskoy (probably sister of Wiktor Konstantynowicz from Tallinn but she was living in Miezonka with family of Antoni and Stanislaw Konstantynowicz), and Konstantynowicz Walery (i.e. Valerij) son of Zygmunt (i.e. Sigizmund) and also Evgenij /  Jewgenij Konstantynowicz in Omsk, born 06 December 1982; Orenburg: Vasilij Konstantynowicz - Deputy Head on Agricultural Administration in Orenburg. And also somebody exiled at Solowezki Islands in the White Sea after 1923, but we lost touch with them.

In St Petersburg now Pavel Konstantynowicz, tel. 8-911-295-70-06. 

Wsiewolod / Vsievolod Konstantynowicz at the 10th Conference of Young Scientists (study  "Moskovskij Institut Elektronnoj Techniki"). Konstantin Konstantynowicz - musician and composer  ("Zvuki Mu"). Elena Konstantynowicz daughter of Vladimir - the Club of "Viedomosti"  Readers. 

In Moscov / Moscow  now: Konstantynowicz Boris son of Ivan, tel. 9080498, Altufievskoje  shosse No 100 Apt. 312, born 23. 02. 1942; Konstantynowicz Galina daughter of Michail,  9300585, Leninskij prospekt 72, 473 - born 29. 10. 1933; Konstantynowicz Elena  daughter  of  Michail  - tel. 4324419,  Novatorov Str. No 14 / 2, Apt. 191 - born 21. 05. 1939;  Konstantynowicz Jekaterina 1841744  Anadyrskij Prospekt 3, 48 - born 02. 04. 1965;  Konstantynowicz Pietr, son of Gavril,  3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 16. 06. 1935;  Konstantynowicz Lidija - tel. 4745859, Tajninskaja 16 / 2, Apt. 131 - born 11. 03. 1920;  Konstantynowicz Jurij son of Pietr, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 198 - born 06. 01. 1968; Konstantynowicz Olga daughter of Siergiej, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 14. 06. 1968; Konstantynowicz G. V. 3227945 Proletarskij Prospekt No 35 apt. 21; Konstantynowicz L. L. tel. 3260306 Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 177; Konstantynowicz K. M. tel. 9300585 Leninskij Prospekt 72, 473; Konstantynowicz Aleksander 1241454 born 09. 09.  1948; Konstantynowicz Andrew / Andrzej son of Stanislaw 1115257 Starokashirskoje shosse  No 4 / 2 Apt. 120; Konstantynowicz Vladimir son of Aleksandr tel. 5233572, Valashiha G.  Kalinina No 2, 106 - born 13. 10. 1949; according to:   http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

Ukraine

A. V. Konstantinowicz and I. A. Konstantinowicz - experts of ionization energies in Ukraine, unknown ancestry. Sergiej / Sergej Konstantynowicz - born 1984, stay in Kijev where he studied "Kijevskij  Politechniczeskij Institut" to 2004. 

Uzbekistan   

Pavel / Pawiel Konstantynowicz in Taskient, area of Czilonzar C-17-51,  unknown ancestry; was  born in 18. 09. 1986 

France

Nicholas and Pierre Konstantynowicz - personal members of the "Friends of  the Russian Museum International Society". The ancestry from Vasilij Konstantynowicz.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

settled themselves in   CANADA   

Vancouver - Karen Konstantynowicz; College of Medicine in Regina - B. Konstantynowicz  

in Denmark 

at the beginning of the 20th cent.; Maria H. and T. Konstantynowicz   now  

USA

OHIO and Ellis Island in the beginning of the 20th cent.: Peter (or  Piotr the 2nd probably)  Konstantinovich who was married to Mary G.; new data at  http://www.ancestry.com/ 

about  Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania - Anthony Konstantinovich  born 1877, Helena  Konstantinovich 1885,  Anthony Konstantinovich 1910,  John  Konstantinovich 1913,  Theodora Konstantinovich b.  1914 and  Charles  Konstantinovich;   

Olga I. Konstantinovich who was born 1860 in  Kiev -  after 1880 in Paris -  daughter of  Alexander Konstantinovich;  Bronislaw  Konstantinovich in  Philadelphia, PA (1915 - 1918)  and his wife  Stella nee Marcinkiewicz; Mary  (i.e. Maria born 1863) Konstantinovich died in   Princeton, NJ on July 26th,  1916;  

in the thirties of the 20th cent.:  Konstantinovich Michael (=  Michal),   Konstantinovich  Jacob (Jakov = Jakub) and Casmir (Kazimierz),  Konstantinovich  Boleslauf  and Eugene (Eugeniusz in the Detroit area - WJLB radio)  H. Konstantinovich and also  Anthony;   

now in USA:  KONSTANTINOVICH MATTHEUS from RUSSIA  according to US  District Court in BOSTON, MA; MARY P. born c. 1934,  Brandon Konstantinovich,  REGINA born c. 1925, EDWARD born c. 1924,  Steven Konstantinovich; DIANE S. born c.  1942  http://www.pmi-chicagoland.org/membership/; WALTER born c. 1968 (inf. 01 APR 2001 - 15 FEB 2004  from FORT BRAGG); K. Konstantinovich born c. 1955; Konstantinovich Aleksei -  an unknown line - in "Military Review" and "Current Digest of the Post-Soviet  Press"; MARGARET; ROBERT and Leon Konstantinovich who was born in  Baldwinville on April 28th, 1911 and resided in Baldwinville, MA.

Edward Konstantynowicz / Edward Constantinowitz, on May 18, 1896 arrived to New York, from Hamburg, Germany, was born 1874 in Russia.
Michal Konstantynowicz / Mikas Constantinowitz.

Very interesting history at http://boards.ancestrylibrary.com/surnames.constance/5/mb.ashx on "... great-grandfather, Peter Constantinovich (Piotr Konstantynowicz / Petr Konstantinovich born probably ca 1880 / 1885, was living in Wilno / Vilnius / Vilno, ex-Polish, Russia in 19th cent.) d. early 1950s in USA... Peter was married to Mary Wasko (d. 1982?) / Maria Wasko - they may have lived in the Lowellville, OH area (suburb of Youngstown near Struthers) early in the 20th century; all remained in the environs of Youngstown - and their children were Paul, William, George, John (Jack), Stanley, Tom / Tomash / Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz / Konstantinovich, and Virginia (adopted). ... Paul Constance (1909-1992). However, his brother still has the surname Constantinovich...".

Karol Konstantynowicz / Charles Konstantinovich b. on May 6, 1947 and died on March 12, 2007, last known residence is at Africa, but he was living and died in the United States.

At http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dave-constantinovich/9/427/107 on Dawid Konstantynowicz / David / Dave Constantinovich, Managing Director, IT Customer Support Services at American Electric Power; past Managing Director, IT Infrastructure Engineering at American Electric Power; Columbus, Ohio; education - Graduate of Boardman High School, Class of 1977, University of Dayton MBA, Business Administration 1985 - 1988 and Youngstown State University BSEE, Electrical Engineering 1977 - 1981; Birth: 1959 and death: June 22, 2010; member and served as board member for the following clubs and associations: Scioto Boat Club, Columbus, OH, Association of Telecommunication Professionals, Columbus, OH, Utilities Telecommunications Council, Washington DC, Hilliard Baseball Association, and Cub Scout Troop Leader. Parents, Thomas and Josephine Constantinovich; wife Rita; children, Craig, Ryan and Kevin Constantinovich; sisters, Diane (Gary) Peterson and Karen (Douglas) Thorpe; and brother, Thomas Jr. (Cindy) Constantinovich; Kevin Constantinovich was born in 1996. Kevin currently lives in Hilliard, Ohio.
Josephine Constantinovich in Youngstown, OH. Her husband Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Thomas Constantinovich / Konstantinovich born Dec 1928. Her sister Antoinette DiBenedetto of Youngstown and brother James DiBenedetto, who was born Nov. 30, 1926, in Struthers, a son of Dominic and Julia Fabilli DiBenedetto. Her son Thomas Constantinovich was born in 1954. Thomas currently lives in Youngstown, Ohio. Josephine Constantinovich from Boardman, OH was born in 1931; residential Address Boardman, OH 44512.

Craig Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH; Cathy Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Michael Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Patricia Constantinovich in Saegertown, PA; Ryan Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH. Above named Rita Constantinovich - at Ohio Orthopedic Surgery Institute in Columbus, Ohio. 1978 - Cardinal Mooney High School Class in Youngstown, OH.
Constantinovich, Gennadi.
Cindy Constantinovich / Cynthia Constantinovich OH, Youngstown 7854 Huntington circle; Karen M. Constantinovich in OH; Catherine Constantinovich in PA; Thomas Constantinovich OH and Diane R. Constantinovich OH; Anna M. Constantinovich in PA; Iane Constantinovich OH, Kathy A. Constantinovich PA and Andrew Constantinovich FL.

More inf. in 'Ancestry.com'.

Stanislaus Constantinovich and his spouse: Catherine Constantinovich.

Stefan Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz from Russia to MA on 04 November 1896, age 23, occupation Laborer, embarkation port Hamburg, ship name Phoenicia.

Andrew  Konstantinovich located in St. Petersburg - Florida; Maksymilian  Konstantinovich - Ropiewski in Colorado; Casey Konstantinovich in the  Franklin Park School; JOHN W.; TED P. Konstantinovich born c. 1921;  Chief Operations Officer in Philadelphia or Newton's Vice President of  Finance and Operations (Newton Resource Group, a digital media company based in Pennington, NJ)  Tom Konstantinovich; T. Konstantinovich in Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA;   FRANK; BECKY; Josephine Konstantinovich of Youngstown; EDWARD  M.; EDYTHE M.; D. Konstantinovich and WENDY born c. 1969; Lee  Michaels  (Konstantinovich) born Nov. 2nd, 1942, in Chicago, and died on  March 2nd, 2003 in   Maywood, son of Margaret and Vincent  Konstantinovich, lived in Palatine (his sisters, Bernice  Harker and Mary Lund; brother, Edward  Konstantinovich); Chris  Konstantinovich acted as CFO; according to "Social Security  Death Index Search Results" RUTH KONSTANTOWIC or probably   Konstantinovich /  Konstantynowicz b. Jun. 1919 and d. 1994 in New Castle,  Pennsylvania and JOHN  KONSTANTOWIC b. Oct. 1923, d. 1988; you see more  details:  
http://www.ancestry.com/

November 2013 new data.

"Wilhelm (Bill) Konstantynowicz passed away in peace and with dignity, as he wished, in his home on Sunday evening October 2nd, 2005. He is predeceased by his father Kasper, mother Zofia, brothers Julius, Edward and sister Mary. A devoted husband for 54 years to his wife, Hermina; a strong and caring father to daughters Karin and Barb; a supportive father-in-law to Douglas Ford and Jeff Scott; Grandfather and Papa to Isabel, Alexander and Jessica, he is also survived by his sister-in-law Regina (Chicago), sister and brother-in-law Mila and Helmut (Australia) and nieces, nephews, cousins and friends around Canada, the United States, Europe and Australia. Wilhelm was born in 1920 in the hamlet Butlerowszczyzna, Slonim, Nowogrodek Poland. During World War 2, he served as a commando with the 2nd Battalion of the Polish Corps of the British Army and took part in the Battle of Bologna. In July of 1947, he arrived in Canada aboard the Aquatania. Wilhelm retired from the CNR after 36 years of service...".

By http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/140525/Konstantynowicz-Wilhelm.php

See ancestry.com also.

In USA: KONSTANTYNOWICZ Edward, b. 28 Feb 1922 in New Jersey, d. 12 Apr 1990 in Arizona

acc. to: www.findagrave.com. Residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Acc. to: Arizona Obituary Archive: Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, by Pat Wilson, of Phoenix, AZ, died on January 14, 2004 - Palm Lakes Village Clubhouse, Phoenix, Arizona. PALM LAKES VILLAGE in Phoenix, Arizona is located in the

Paradise Valley area of Phoenix;

Paradise Valley is a small, affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.

Different

Edward Konstantynowicz m. Helen Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA.

At Cook County, Illinois, Edward Konstantynowicz m. to Regina Worotynska.

Matthew Konstantynowicz and

Edythe Konstantynowicz from AZ, USA. Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, b. 1931, d. 2004 (26 Jan 2004). Regina Worotynska, from Cook, Illinois, United States. California: Lillian Keller nee Konstantynowicz, her father Konstantynowicz, d. 1995.

In Texas: Rebecca Konstantynowicz, Waler Konstantynowicz or Walter Konstantynowicz.

Tillie Konstantynowicz, b. 1885 in Lithuania, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Walter Konstantynowicz married to Lucy Konstantynowicz, he born 1889 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Michael Konstantynowicz m. Josephine Konstantynowicz, he b. 1891 in Poland, residence: 1935 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1894 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Paul Konstantynowicz m. Eleanore Konstantynowicz, he b. 1895 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Eleanore Konstantynowicz b. 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Lucy Konstantynowicz m. Walter Konstantynowicz - she born 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Peter Konstantynowicz b. 1909 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Alfred Konstantynowicz b. 1920 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Lillian Konstantynowicz b. 1920 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Thaddeus Konstantynowicz b. 1922 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Florance Konstantynowicz, b. 1922 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz b. 1923 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Frank Konstantynowicz b. 1924 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Michael Konstantynowicz Junior, b. 1927 - Philadelphia, 1935 - Philadelphia. Stanley Konstantynowicz, b. 1927 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Jacob Konstantynowicz next of kin with Casmir Konstantynowicz, Jacob b. 1871, residence: 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Casmira Konstantynowicz m. to Jacob Konstantynowicz, she b. 1876, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Boleslav Konstantynowicz, b. 1878, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Walter Konstantynowicz m. to Ludwika Konstantynowicz, he b. 1880, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Ludwika Konstantynowicz b. 1898, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Eugene Konstantynowicz, b. 1901, res. Wayne, Michigan. Joe Konstantynowicz, born 1905, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Stanley Konstantynowicz b. 1926, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Josephine Polishak or Konstantynowicz, m. to Walter Polishak, b. 1910, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz son of Patricius Konstantynowicz.
Helena Konstantynowicz m. to Bronislaw from Philadelphia.
Konstanty Konstantynowicz m. to Kamilia Eisymont in Philadelphia.
Antoni Konstantynowicz, m. to Geleczutie, in Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz / Jozef Konstantynowicz, died 1890, Illinois. Boleslaw Konstantynowicz m. Anastazya, he was son of Julius Konstantynowicz from Illinois. Stella Konstantynowicz or Konstant, died 1946 in Cook County, Illinois.
Anton Konstantynowicz m. Agnes Scott in Illinois.
Paulina Konstantynowicz m. Iguatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy Konstantynowicz, Cook County, Illinois. Michael Konstantynomiog or Micheal Konstantynowicz, b. 1887, 1920 - Bristol, Massachusetts. Boleslauf Konstantynowicz m. Stella Konstantynowicz, b. 1875, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz m. Helena Konstantynowicz, b. 1877, 1920 - Philadelphia. Ladielaus Konstantynowicz, or Ladislas Konstantynowicz or Wladyslaw, b. 1880, 1920 - Wayne, Michigan. Stella Konstantynowicz b. 1880, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Helena Konstantynowicz m. Anthony Konstantynowicz, b. 1885, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Frances Konstantynowicz b. 1901, 1920 Wayne, Michigan. Bernice Konstantynowicz, b. 1906, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1909, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz b. 1910, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1912, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. John Konstantynowicz b. 1913, 1920 Philadelphia. Theodora Konstantynowicz, b. 1914, 1920 Philadelphia. Ivan Konstantynowicz ? Jan Konstantynowicz, b. 1915, 1920 - city, Cook (Chicago). Charles Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz, b. 1918, 1920 Philadelphia. Agnes Konstantyrowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, b. 1863, 1920 Cook (Chicago). Atone Konstantyrowicz / Anton Konstantynowicz /

Antoni Konstantynowicz m. to Agnes Konstantynowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, born 1873, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois.
Paula Konstantynowicz m. Matt Konstantynowicz, or Paulina married to Mateusz Konstantynowicz. Antonina Konstantynowicz, residence Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Frank Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Josef Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Anna Konstantynowicz from Allegheny.

From Canada to U.S. John Konstantynowicz b. in Poland, arrived to Buffalo, New York, USA.

Stanley Konstantynowicz and Wendy Konstantynowicz m. Michael Joseph Tuten in Sumner, Tennessee. Karen Konstantynowicz m. David Keith Layman. Eugene Henry Konstantynowicz from Michigan. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania. Jan Konstantynowicz of 13 Mar 1934 in Pennsylvania. Mrs B. Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rogumela Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Konstantynowicz and Ignatz Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Frances Konstantynowicz m. Joseph Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA. Michael Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania, USA.
Michael Konstantynowicz Jr of New Jersey, USA. Ignacv Konstantynowicz m. Mary Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Helen C. Konstantynowicz m. Edward M. Konstantynowicz of New Jersey. John Konstantynowicz of Minnesota, USA -

all data acc. to http://search.ancestry.com/

Alexander Konstantynowicz 1929 - 1980. Lucille Konstantynowicz m. Albert Hoffman of Cook, Illinois. Amela Konstantynowicz / Amelia of New York from Southampton, England. Antoni Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Konstancya Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Carl Konstant / Carl Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 in Poland, on 28 Apr 1938 in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa. Josephine Konstant / Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 19 Mar 1905 - Poland, inf. 18 Jan 1938. Boleslaw Konstantynowicz b. 15 May 1875 in Poland, inf. 5 May 1926, arrival: 1907, and Alexander Konstantynowicz b. 26 Feb 1876 - Poland, arr. 1903, after in Illinois. Ignatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy / Ignatz Kuntz / Ignatz b. 8 Jan 1881 - Poland, inf. 21 Feb 1924, arrival: 1905. Marion Carl Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 - Poland, inf. 28 Apr 1938, residence: Illinois. Harriet Konstantynowicz b. 18 Feb 1910 - Poland, inf. 22 Aug 1941, residence: Illinois. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz, from Russia, inf. 16 May 1913, residence: Pennsylvania. Francis Konstantynowicz of NJ. S. Konstantynowicz of NJ. Walter Konstantynowicz of GA. Rebecca A. Konstantynowicz of AK.

Australia acc. to ancestry.com:
Marth Emma Konstantynowicz from 1958 Werriwa, New South Wales, Australia. Teresa Konstantynowicz from 1963 Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1963 and 1968, 1972, 1977 and 1980 from Perth, Western Australia. Teresa Maria Konstantynowicz 1968, 1972, 1980 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Irene Maria Konstantynowicz of 1972 Perth, Western Australia, Australia and 1977, 1980 Perth. Martha Emma Konstantynowicz from 1980 Prospect, New South Wales, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1980 from Prospect, New South Wales.

On June 15, 2001 Edward Konstantynowicz, the Second World War Polish Army Veteran: France and Italy Campaigns, a husband of 48 years to Regina, nee Worotynski; father of Krystyna (Malcolm) Glenn and Diane; brother of William (Mina); brother-in-law of Victor Vorotynski / Wiktor Worotynski. Funeral - the Wolniak Funeral Home, 5700 S. Pulaski Rd., to St. Nicholas of Tolentine Church, Mass. Interment Resurrection Cemetery.

Karin Konstantynowicz in Vancouver, Canada.

Monika Konstantynowicz, Operations Manager at Tourism Holdings in Brisbane Area, Australia; previous: Roamfree, Privately Held; Leisure, Travel & Tourism industry, Queensland, Australia.

PIOTR KONSTANTYNOWICZ AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families Konstantinavičius / Konstantinavicius / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich. 
Our "lost" Konstantinavicius / Konstantinavičius branches from Lithuania at prestent: Konstantinavicius Aurimas; Mantas; Paulenas; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Edgaras Konstantinavicius; Justinas; Rytis; Agi; Arnoldas; Karolis; Dalius; Valdemaras; Rimas; Raimondas Konstantinavicius; Robertas Konstantinavicius; Vaclovas Konstantinavicius; Zydrunas Konstantinavicius and Jonas Konstantinavicius. Rytis Konstantinavicius is living now in Poland, born 1969 in Russia, the Komi district. Mantas Konstantinavicius in UK, address e-mail m.konstantinavicius@rhul.ac.uk and public phone: +44.07514074610. Vytukas Konstantinavicius. Karolis Konstantinavicius - ATB 'Labas Festas', Palanga / Polaga. Agata Konstantinavicius / Agi working in pottery, a public address: 57-450 Bartnica 46 in Poland. Ruta Konstantinaviciute - the Mykolo Romerio University in Vilnius, Lithuania. Mindaugas Konstantinavicius is associated with Beta Ink, Inc. with the role of President and is located in Chatsworth, CA and Los Angeles, CA; is related to Andrea Giedraitis in Los Angeles, CA. Povilas Konstantinavicius - Roma. Gus Konstantinavicius, Affiliate Manager, United States. Robertas Konstantinavicius in Norfolk. Vytautas Konstantinavicius and Edita Konstantinaviciene. Arvidas Konstantinavicius in Ayrshire. Paulius, 22 years in 2011, in Dunston 2010. Valdemaras Konstantinavicius, the Kutaisi Basketball Team. Povilas Konstantinavicius, a student at Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, Lithuania. Arnoldas Konstantinavicius. Vytautas Konstantinavicius, Security Officer at Elior UK. Sigitas Konstantinavicius in Lietuva. Simas Konstantinavicius, around 14 years, Liberalu Centro Sajunga; Robertas Konstantinavicius, around 30, Lietuva; Andrius Konstantinavicius and Rotautas Konstantinavicius; K. V. Konstantinavicius, Publications in Chemistry.

Vaclovas Konstantinavičius of Vilniaus valstybinis universitetas in 1971.
Jonas Konstantinavičius and (Brooklyn in 2009) his family, acc. to Danutė Leonova of 2011 :
Eugenija wife, Saulius son, Audrius son, Daiva daughter, Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė mother, Steponas Konstantinavičius father, Teofilė sister, Stasė sister, Elena sister, Petras Konstantinavičius brother.
Steponas Konstantinavičius and his family: Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė, Teofilė Tamulevičienė daughter, Stasė Bogu ienė daughter, Elena Navickienė daughter, Petras Konstantinavičius son, Jonas Konstantinavičius son (in Estonia).
Povilas Konstantinavičius; Ai kutis Konstantinavičius from Lithuania born 1977; Medvai as Konstantinavičius; Lucidas Konstantinavičius; Saulius Konstantinavičius in Varėnos / Marcinkonių (Savininkas); Aurimas Konstantinavičius in Kai iadorių / Pravieni kių; Sigitas Konstantinavičius in Pagėgių / Vilky kių; in Naujasodė, Druskininkų, Ramūnas Konstantinavičius; Evaldas Konstantinavičius; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Dalius Konstantinavičius in Vilnius; Konstantinavičius Kazimieras; Arūnas Konstantinavičius; Audrius Konstantinavičius; Arnold / Arnoldas Konstantinavicius in Marijampolės / Rygi kių, Jono gimnazija of Kauno / Kowno.
Mečislovas Konstantinavičius in Druskininkai; Arūno Konstantinavičiaus - tel.: 8 687 10524, in Naujasodė, 32313 Druskininkų sav. (close to Druskieniki) and address: Baravykų g. 7, Druskininkų m., Druskininkų sav.; boss Ramūnas Konstantinavičius, in Naujasodė, tel. (+370) 68710524 - Naujasodė village 2 miles east of Ratnyčia; Konstantinavičiūtė Rasa.

England   

Alice Konstantinowicz, chiropractor; Maciej Konstantynowicz -  Consulting Systems Engineer in Computer Networking; Michael  Konstantynowicz at  Manchester 

Australia

Konstantynowicz Michal, departure port: Genoa, Italy on 27 Apr. 1949 - arrival port: Sydney - Australia on 27 May 1949, details are lacking. According to "Database = Australian Records" KONSTANTYNOWICZ Martha Emma d. Jan. 02nd, 1992 in Minto

ARGENTINA

Argentine Republic

Norway

Marek Konstantynowicz - "The Source and Different Cikadas", viola

The others in the world at present:

I had been told about (details are lacking) Pyotr and Helena Konstantinowicz - unknown ancestry and also  KONSTANTYNOWICZ Cyryl  who wrote "W obronie slowa"; dr. Feliks (Felix) Konstantynowicz - Soviet expert  of Chernobyl explosion; in Barnaul  (that is near to Novosibirsk = Nowonikolajewsk in the middle of the 20th cent.)   where Basil  Konstantinowicz - rather ancestry of the Konstantynowiczs who derived from present  BUKOVINA or from Volhynia - and his wife Olga.  


Appendix D 
The Wankowicz family from the Berazino parish  

Melchior from Kaluzyca  was born c. 1775 in the Minsk province 

his sons:

Stefan (his son Teodor Bej, the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864; 1864 - 1905 emigre),  

Otton,

Walenty painter,

Zygmunt from Slepianka (his son Piotr from Slepianka was the activist of independence) and  

Karol   who was born c. 1800, died 1854 in Kaluzyca 

the sons of Karol above named:

Stanislaw from Rudakovo, naval engineer, 

Bohdan, Joachim, Florjan, and 

Melchior   was born 1843 in Kaluzyca, died in March of 1892, the January Insurrection 1863, 1863 - 1873 at  Siberia, the Minsk Agricultural Society at a later date  

the children of above Melchior Wankowicz: 

Czeslaw (1882 - 1912),  

Renata,

Witold "Tolo" Wankowicz  born 1877 Kaluzyca, 1917 commissioner in Berazino, 1917 - 1918 the chief of Union of Weapon (i.e.  "United Arms" at http://derela.republika.pl/austin2.htm; Mr. Witold Wankowicz was chief of the Union of Weapon, autonomous section of the Polish Military Organization, in the  Ihumen district; The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria - Hungary at the beginning of the 20th  century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski and that track went out from Petersburg among other things across Miezonka and Lodz in the direction to Galicia), the  commander of the Polish Military Organization in the Berazino region till 1920, afterwards in Poznan area (his son Jur), 

Melchior  writer was the last son of Melchior senior: was born January of 1892, died 1975, member of the Polish Military Organization.  His two daughters: 

Krystyna, died 1944 in Warsaw; 

Marta call TILI   married to Erdman, Switzerland before 1939, emigrant after 1945. Her two daughters: 

Anna Krystyna Erdman, born 1946 and  

Eva Erdman - Lazarewicz  born in New Jersey, married to Tadeusz Walendowski from USA; their son:  

David Walendowski who worked in a Dutch bank in Warsaw. More inf., see: Berezyna

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Konferencja naukowa 22 pazdziernika 2012 - Katastrofa Smolenska 2010. Wnioski ze sledztwa. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc szosta.

Sledztwa polskie w sprawie katastrofy samolotu rzadowego w Smolensku w 2010 roku. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc siodma.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

New!

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part one.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part two.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part three.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part four.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part five.

COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ

01st January 2014

This all paper is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold,  any public performances,  hired out, or   otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.  Warning:   this paper / all website  is sold for  private home use only.  

© All rights reserved. No part of all this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by  any  means - graphic,  electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying,  recording, downloading,  uploading, taping, or storage in an information  retrieval system, without the  prior written permission of the copyright owner  - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz. 


This is who is who among the family of Konstantynowicz in short. That isn't a family tree. Many people have helped me with this paper. The author is greatly indebted to  all those who kindly supplied information. Especially acknowledgement  for a military archives in Poland and  England and a civil  archives in Argentina. I inform all readers about  statistic  at my ex-main website  18898 times on August the 31st, 2009 and this page  was  made 6 years ago on March 9th,  2003; my  five "geocities" 42533 times  (only single openings of index.html), and were made in March 2003. Many thanks for your help. 

We bear in mind that the website was made up in memory of my father Edward Gwidon Konstantynowicz who died on 03rd  November 1987 in very strange circumstances so this is independent website thanks to Aabaco - Yahoo / US host  Yahoo!

Interesting websites:

www.ornatowski.com/board/

http://www.guestbook.ru/book.php

www.familysearch.com

SEARCH http://de.yahoo.com

www.google.pl

http://www.ancestry.com/search/main.htm

http://www.genealogia.ru/ru/links/resources/

http://www.nara.gov/

historychannel/

http://Genealogy.ru

www.familysearch.org/Eng/Share/Collaborate/frameset_share.asp

http://genealog.toplista.pl/dodaj.php

http://www.CyndisList.com/whatsnew.htm

http://jurfak.spb.ru/

Appendix A:

photos

http://siekierski50zbigniew.w.interia.pl

© author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

 HISTORY OF THE  POLISH SEPTEMBER 1939 IN THE   WILNO PROVINCE  

Author Bogdan Konstantynowicz from Lodz  

  Walki z sowietami po 23 wrzesnia 1939

Appendix C since 22 March 2003; text - Polish language  

http://strony.wp.pl/wp/berezynabogdan

http://berezynabogdan.webpark.pl/

http://romingerlegal.com/

http://polishroots.netfirms.com/