Jozef Pilsudski, Feliks Dzierzynski, Bulhak, Oziemblowski, Pilar-Pilchau - family and genealogy. Database for konstantynowicz.info
The noble Pilsudski, Dzerzhinsky, Pilar Pilchau, Bulhak branch. The noble Konstantinovich family history. Konstantynowicz Bogdan: family - genealogy - origin - ancestry - history - biography.

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04 June 2014

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Berezyna and Lubuszany - the estate of Poniatowski-Tyszkiewicz-Potocki branch - the Knights Templar of the FREEMASONRY.
Miezonka-Swolna-Moscow-St Petersburg and the family history of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz.


The Rastoin family:
RASTOIN Jacques, b. 1900 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhone, Senator 1966-1971, comes from a large Marseille industrial family of oils and soaps. His father Emile Rastoin, founder of the new oil mill in 1899, chaired the Marseille Chamber of Commerce and Deputy Mayor of Marseille. His brother Edward, also a former president of the chamber of Commerce of Marseille. He is also appointed head of the Savings Bank. The company of Tuileries of the Mediterranean is creates in 1882, by the founder from Marseille, Edward Rastoin (1835-1903) partner with Mr. François Mary Denis Anselm and Michel Agard. The second son of Edward, Albert Rastoin (1866-1946) it succeeds until 1946. Next Rastoin Edward (1895-1997), Jacques (1900-1979) and Bernard (1904-1979) are CEO of company until 1973. E. Rastoin is the son of an owner from Aix Provence, Bernard Rastoin, 1803-1859. He has studied School of Arts and Job in Aix Provence, open in 1843.

RASTOIN, Roquebrussanne of Var, Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, France 1809-1845; RASTOIN, Val of Var, Côte d'Azur, France 1740-1818; Rastoin is a great French family of Marseille, which has benefited from the rise of the oil mill industry in the late nineteenth century. The first Rastoin oil mill was founded in 1882. Deputy Mayor of Marseille: Émile Rastoin in 1905-1908.

d2. The Duca di San Teodoro / Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua!

d3. MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, 1840. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern; she was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She also was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. This is the branch of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. The same branch: Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830 / Yegor Maksimovic Pillar, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia.

5. Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871. That was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia. His father Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau was born in 1769 in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army. The son of above mentioned Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau / Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802 and died d. 1871, was Stanislaw Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska (from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806), she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierzynski; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.

6. a. Magnus Wilhelm / Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu), Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia, and this same Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau had children: Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich, Jakob Johann, Catharina Elisabeth, Reinhold Woldemar. On the other side Duca di San Teodoro / Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano; MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, 1840. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern; she was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She also was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. This is the branch of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. The same branch: Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830 / Yegor Maksimovic Pillar, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia.

b. Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871. That was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia. His father Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau was born in 1769 in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army.

The branch of Magnus Fabian:

b1. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar: Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?); Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774; Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

b2. Above Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., his father Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801 from Hallik close to Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Yegor Maksimovic Pilar has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811.



1892

At the beginning Louis Franzevich Dyuflon founded technical office in the 2nd half of the 19th century in Moscow. L. Duflon / Dyuflon and Apollon Konstantynowicz acted in the St. Petersburg branch of the 'Breguet' Company

(A. Konstantynowicz / Apollon Konstantinovich / Constantinovich for the Breguet Moscow branch).
At present the Montres Breguet SA is a member company of the Swatch Group of western Switzerland in L'Abbaye (L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne). It was founded by

Abraham-Louis Breguet in Paris in 1775.

Abraham-Louis Breguet or Bréguet b. 10 January 1747 and died on 17 September 1823, born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland (Neuchatel - see Duflon, Schaub, Christian Frautschi / Fraucci/ Frautchi / Frauchi b. 1839).



Acc. to 'rootsweb': Willaim Milton at Taunton in Somerset, died in 1844. CHILDREN: John Milton b. 1822, and wife Ann Cook had child Sydney Milton b. 1862 - who was living in Clifton Bristol. In 1890 Sydney Milton married Lina Susette Schwab / Lina Schaub b. 1867, St. Blaise / Hauterive in the Neuchatel district, Switzerland; Lina's parents were Jakob Schwab / Schaub probably b. in Ferenbalm, Bern canton, and Susanna Teuscher born in Daerstatten, Bern.
Ferenbalm / Les Baumettes, is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, 25 km east of Neuchatel, ca 20 km south-east of St. Blaise, and ca 22 km north of Fribourg.
Saint-Blaise is a municipality in the district of Neuchâtel in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. St. Blaise, close to Neuchatel, ca 6 km north-east. Hauterive is 5 km of Neuchatel, near by St. Blaise. Among others Pierre Duflon was living in Lausanne and Neuchatel, Suisse; Marc Duflon from Neuchâtel and BOVERESSE, 16 km north-west of Concise, and south-west of Nauchatel.
Sydney Milton / SIDNEY MILTON had the following children: Lina Rosalie Milton b. 1890, John Sidney Milton or Sidney John Milton b. 1891, William Frederick Milton, George Albert, Albertina Marguerit Susette Milton, Ellen Frances May Milton, Charles William Milton. Sidney was off in the Boer war; Lina died in 1904. The family SCHAUB, come from Neuchâtel, in 1868. Lina Schaub / Schwab, 1901 and was living in Bristol, England, but was born in canton de Neuchatel and married John Sidney Milton. It is believed that they died in Bern in the early 1900's; may have been living later in Canton de Friborg / Fribourg / Fryburg.
In Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel, Suisse, 21 km north-east of Concise (Schaub family; maybe as the Schwab), and 14 km south-east of Neuchatel, 19 km north-west of Fribourg; probably in the 18th cent. in Saint-Aubin were the Schaubs. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel and in Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Cobham - British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy.

Let's look again on ambassadors in the 18th century in Poland, France, in London. Let us remember about such persons as:
Stanian / Stanyan, Schaub from Switzerland, Sivers / Sievers from Estonia and Latvia. In the background are the family Rebinder / Rehbinder and von Pilar - Pilchau from Estonia. Of course, it is the branch of
Pilar Pilchau, which settled in Mickuny and Parnu.
Now details:
1. Anna Sophia Pilar von Pilchau nee von Berg, b. 1710, d. 1784 in Tallinn, Harju, Estonia; daughter of Jakob Johann von Berg and Agenete Wilhelmine von Meck; wife of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau; mother of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau; Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau; she was sister of Reinhold Wilhelm von Berg and Jakob Friedrich von Berg; Otto Gustav von Berg and Robert Johann von Berg. Copyright by Peter Trefilov. Mentioned Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu), Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia, and had children: Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich, Jakob Johann, Catharina Elisabeth, Reinhold Woldemar. Copyright by geni.com and Peter Trefilov.
Ebba Emilie Pilar von Pilchau b. 1866, her parents: Olga Marie Emilie von Staal and Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilchau von Pilar. Above Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 in Padis / Padise, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland / Estonia and died in 1862, and grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 from Jöggis / Jőgisuu, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland).
2. Father of above Anna Sophia Pilar Pilchau: Jakob Johann von Berg b. 1686 d. 1734. Husband of above Anna Sophia: Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau b. 1709, d. 1752, son of Friedrich Jakob Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth von Knorring, father of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau; Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau, all by Peter Trefilov.
3. Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, son of Joachim Johann von Sievers (b. 1699); grandson of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753 (his son Karl Eduard / Карл Ефимович von Sievers, b. 1710 in Nybygard, Finnland, d. 1774 in St. Petersburg, father of Elisabeth / Елизавета Карловна Putjatin / Elizavieta Puciata, Johann Carl Sievers of Ropkoy b. Lais (Livl.) 1749 d. 1805 acc. to: Peter Trefilov, Benedikte b. 1750, Peter and Karl Gustaf Joachim of Waiwara b. 1758 in Petersburg); count 1798, Extraordinary Ambassador to Poland. Cementery in Wolmar in Livonia / Valmiera / Wolmar, is a town in northern Latvia, about 100 km north-east of Riga and 50 km from the border with Estonia. From 1749 to 1755 as a diplomat in London and Kopenhagen (embassy of Prussia), here he also had the opportunity with his superiors Count Tschernschew to travel to France and Germany and next to England. After he was active in the Livonian District and became in 1792 Russian ambassador to Poland. Then he initiated the process for the second partition of Poland. In 1794 he was an ambassador, after successful negotiations, recalled. Jakob Johann von Sievers b. 1731, from Wesenberg / Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland; brother of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. 1741; Carl Eberhard von Sievers b. 1745; Marie Helene von Guldenhof; Anna Magdalena von Köhler and Peter Christian von Sievers b. 1754, by Are Saarne.
4. Above Friedrich Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1675. Above Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 was daughter of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and was wife of Georg Johann von Sivers / Sievers b. 1750
(son of Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval and Leonette Wilhelmina Rehbinder / Lunetta Wilhelmina von Rehbinder
[family of Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers b. 1716 d. 1781 and Leonette Wilhelmina von Rehbinder 1729 - 1753: son Georg Johann von Sivers (b. 1750, Euseküll, Estonia; died Hiitola / Pukinniemi / Khiytola / Хийтола - a rural settlement of the Republic of Karelia, Russia) married in 1773 in Tallinn to Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau (b. 1749, Wait, Estonia) with children: Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers 1780, Anna Charlotta Christina von Sivers 1783, Dorothea Wilhelmina Johanna von Sivers, Elisabeth Christina, Catharina Hedvig Elisabeth];
grandson of Peter von Sivers b. 1674
[maybe Peter von Sivers b. 1674 = Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671 d. 1726, son of Joachim Sievers; this above named Christian Peter Sievers had children: Anna Magdalena / Анна Магдалена, Joachim Christian / Joachim von Sievers and Maria Elisabeth Gunzel, but Peter Trefilov in 2011 not informed about Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval;
Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671 had brother Joachim Johann b. ca 1674 - his son Karl Eduard or Карл Ефимович von Sievers b. 1710 of Nybygard; in this branch was Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, 1731 - 1808, son of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. 1699, grandson of Joachim Johann von Sievers b. ca 1674 d. 1753]).
5. Mother of Dorothea Charlotta Baronesse Pilar von Pilchau b. 1749 (wife of Georg Johann von Sivers / Sievers b. 1750), was Anna Sophia Pilar von Pilchau nee von Berg, b. 1710. Georg Johann von Sivers was son of Friedrich Wilhelm I von Sivers b. 1716 in Reval and Lunetta Wilhelmina von Rehbinder; grandson of Peter von Sivers b. 1674 / maybe Christian Peter Sievers b. 1671.

Luke Schaub, Lukas Schaub, Lucas Schaub b. 1690 in Basel, Swiss descent. Son of a notary, a study of law in Basel, diplomatic career in the service of England; 1715-1716 he was a British charge d'affaires to the Holy Roman Empire; 1720, he was - by the English King George I - knighted; 1721-1724 he was an English ambassador in Paris; 1737 he mediated in the so-called salmon fishing dispute between Basel and France. He married Marguerite de Ligonnier du Buisson, b. 1717, d. 1789. Father of Hans Heinrich Schaub (you must check!) and Frederica Augusta Schaub b. 1750, d. 1832 - she married William Lock; her child William Lock 2nd b. 1767, d. 1847. He married Elizabeth Jennings (d. 1847), daughter of Henry Constantine Jennings / Jennings-Noel, in 1805. He lived at Norbury Park, Surrey, England.
Above William Lock / Locke, William, the younger (1767-1847), amateur artist, friend of Henry Fuseli; Locke painted historical and allegorical subjects, after 1819 he lived at Rome and Paris (Paszkowski family in Cracow, Moscow, Rome and Paris also!); leaving one son, William 3rd, and a daughter Elizabeth. Locke, William, the third (1804-1832), captain and amateur artist, published some illustrations to Byron's works. He was drowned in the lake of Como, Italy; married Selina, daughter of Admiral Tollemache; he had daughter, Augusta Selina Locke b. 1833, married
1. Ernest Lord Burghersh,
2. the Duca di San Teodoro
(Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, 1840 - was an Italian philosopher and historian. Cecilia / Cecylia Mariano Pilar von Pilchau died 1896 in Italy, Neapol. She was born 1847 in Audern, close to Parnu, Livonia. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor of the University of Naples. Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna von Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt). That is on Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847–1896), from Italian cementery. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. Gorki was living on Capri Island (Lenin and Dzierzynski were here). Capri is close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani - was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW),
and 3. Thomas de Grey, the present Lord Walsingham.
Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham b. 1843 in Stanhope Street, Mayfair, London, d. 1919, was an English politician, 1874 to 1875 he served as a Lord-in-Waiting in the second Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli. Marriages to Augusta Selina Elizabeth LOCKE / Selina Lock in 1877, Marion GWYTHERNE-WILLIAMS and Agnes Baird HEMMING.

Child of William Lock and Elizabeth Jennings: Elizabeth Lock b. 1806, d. 1877 (Baroness of Wallscourt or Bessie). In 1822 she married Joseph Henry Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt, son of Colonel Henry James Blake and Anne French;
children of Elizabeth Lock and Joseph Henry Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt: Henry Joseph Blake b. 1823, William Richard Blake b. 1825, Elizabeth Frederica b. 1827, Elizabeth Nina b. 1830, Erroll Augustus Blake, 4th Baron Wallscourt b. 1841, d. 1918: 1874 married, firstly, Lady Jane Harriet Charlotte Stanhope, daughter of Charles Wyndham Stanhope, 7th Earl of Harrington and Elizabeth Still de Pearsall; married, secondly 1896, Mary Ethel Palliser, daughter of Sir William Palliser and Anne Perham; educated at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire; he was extra Aide-de-Camp to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Children of Erroll Augustus Blake, 4th Baron Wallscourt: Charles William Joseph Henry Blake, 5th Baron Wallscourt b. 1875, Erroll Wyndham Lincoln Blake b. 1875, unmarried, Elizabeth Lucy Eily Blake b. 1877, d. 1966 (she married Major Leycester Penrhyn Storr, son of Reverend John Storr and Amy Theodosia Leycester, 1907 and had: Norah Storr, b. 1908, m. F. D. Atkinson; Leila Storr, b. 1909, 1958 m. Edward McGarel-Groves; Winifred Storr, b. 1911; Jane Storr, b. 1916; Eliabeth Storr, b. 1918, m. Ian Spence), Elizabeth Honoria Blake, Margaret Phyllis Blake. Above Charles William Joseph Henry Blake, 5th Baron Wallscourt was married Ellen Mayo, daughter of Joseph Mayo. Literature by Rudolf Massini, 1953; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography in 2004; Stefan Hess. Above data copyright by www.thepeerage.com.

STANYAN, ABRAHAM (1669 ? - 1732), diplomatist, elder son of Laurence Stanyan of Headley, Middlesex. 1702, he was appointed secretary to the Earl of Manchester at Paris; 1705, as envoy to the Swiss cantons, taking with him bills of exchange upon the bankers of Genoa for the allied forces in Italy. Stanyan at once hastened to Neuchâtel; Stanyan returned home in February 1709, but was soon back again in Switzerland, and was in 1710 with a mission to Piedmont and 1712 at Milan. 1716 - 1717 appointed envoy to Vienna. 1719 - 1720 ambassador to the Porte in Constantinople, succeeded Edward Wortley Montagu; member of the Kit-Cat Club, Stanyan was on friendly terms with Pope. Abraham's younger brother, Temple Stanyan (d. 1752), appointed secretary under Viscount Townshend, 1719 he was appointed clerk in the room of his brother, and numerous diplomatic letters addressed to him from Paris during the embassy of Sir Luke Schaub; he left a daughter Catherine (d. 1801), who married Admiral Sir Charles Hardy the younger. Above Charles Edward Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester, d. 1722, educated at Cambridge,
envoy to Vennice, ambassador to France.

Sir William Trumbul d. 1716, was English envoy at Tangir. Lord Cobham, on a secret mission to Vienna to the Emperor Charles the Sixth; with General Cadogan and Sir Luke Schaub (he was secretary to Richard, lord Cobham, who was English ambassador at Vienna in 1715) were sent to Vienna to negotiate the Barrier Treaty. 1714, Cobham and Stanhope went together on an embassy to Vienna. Viscount Cobham = Richard TEMPLE, b. 1675, son of Richard Temple senior, 1706 Major-General, Field Marshal in 1742, Envoy to Vienna 1714-1715, Constable of Windsor Castle, 1716-1723; created Baron Cobham, 1714; created Baron Cobham and Viscount Cobham, 1718; 1749, the Barony of Cobham of Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England.
Admiral Sir Charles Le Hardy (1714 or 1716-1780) was the son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Le Hardy and Elizabeth Burchett. In 1749 he married Mary Tate and in 1759, following her death, he married Catharine Stanyan (see: Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland and Abraham's younger brother, Temple Stanyan d. 1752). The couple had three sons and two daughters. Sir Charles Hardy died at Spithead, leaving his estate at Rawlins, Oxfordshire, to his eldest son, Temple Hardy. By Catharine's death in 1801, only Temple survived of the three sons. Hardy's brother, Josiah, was a merchant and Governor of New Jersey. Captain Temple Hardy / Charles Temple Hardy (1765 – 1814) was an English naval officer active during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the capture of the Cape Colony in 1795. He was a son of Admiral Charles Hardy, at Rawlins, in Oxfordshire. The will, left his possessions to his wife and to his two unmarried sisters, Clare and Rachael Emilia. Rawlins, in Oxfordshire - Rawlins House, in Adderbury, close to Banbury, in Oxfordshire, north of Oxford.
In Concise (Suzanne Jean SCHAUB lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866. In Concise, Vaud, close to Grandson, Cortaillod, south-west of Neuchatel; north of Lausanne, ca 45 km), in the Vaud canton - 14 km north of Demoret / Démoret (Démoret in the canton of Vaud - ca 30 km north of Lausanne and Cully, 9 km north of Moudon). Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

The Schaub family in Switzerland - details: Sebastian SCHAUB, b. 1705, wife Elizabeth TSCHUDI, had Jacob, Elizabeth, Hans Heinrich b. 1735, Sabastian, Jr b. 1738, and Anna b. 1739. Hans Schaub b. 1700 in Ormalingen, d. 1760; Hans Jakob Schaub b. 1725 in Ormalingen, d. 1785; Heini Schaub b. 1728 in Ormalingen; Hans Schaub b. 1729, Ormalingen; Martin Schaub b. 1730, Ormalingen; Catharina Schaub b. 1734 - Ormalingen. Johann Jacob Frey b. 1648 in Baregg, Knonau, Zurich, Switzerland, husband of Anna Maria Schaub(en) b. 1649 in Langensoultzbach, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France, daughter of Matthias Schaub and Ursula Lange. Matthias Schaub from Langensoultzbach, Bas-Rhine, France. Lucas Schaub b. 1690, d. 1758, father of Hans Heinrich Schaub, by Carl Theodor Ekelöf and Magnus Ljungkvist. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. in Sissach, Switzerland in 1681 to Bastian Schaub and Maria Kirsteiner. Hans Heinrich married Ursula Horand and had a child. Sebastian Schaub 1704-1733, in Switzerlamd 1704 to Hans Heinrich Schaub and Ursula Horand. Sebastian married Elisabeth Tschudi and had 3 children, died 1733 in Sissach, Basel, Switzerland. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. 1681. Hans Heinrich Schaub b. 1695 d. 1745. Sebastian Schaub b. 1715 in Sissach + Elsbeth Tschudin. Anna Maria 1751-1820 m. to Martin SCHAUB 1742-1826. Johannes 1728-1818 m. 1749 to Anna KESSLER 1724-1804 had Anna 1749, Maria 1751, Hans Jakob 1756-1828, Elisabeth 1758, Anna Barbara 1760, Johannes 1766 m. 1792 to Catharina MEIER 1771-1792 with children: Hans Jakob 1792 m. 1821 to Anna LUEDIN; above Johannes b. 1766 m. second time in 1800 to Elise NEFZGER: Johannes 1801 + Barbara SCHWOB, Martin 1802, Martin II 1804 m. Barbara HEID, with children: Luise 1837, Martin 1841-1889 + 1869 to Elisabeth ERB 1845-1924 with children: Lina 1872 died 1923, Auguste 1876, Luise 1877, Elisabeth 1811.

As an independent director of the Noblessner was elected nobleman A. Shaub / A. Schaub / А. В. Шауб, co-owner of two St. Petersburg industrial enterprises, acc. to: M. N. Baryshnikov, Noblessner: Formation of Financial and Industrial Group in St. Petersburg in the Early Twentieth Century, ed. 2013 - this article is devoted to the research of the formation of financial and industrial group Nobel-Lessner in St. Petersburg in the early twentieth century. It should be noted that for the Nobel interest is important activities of his brother (cousin acc. to me) - Gustav Schaub, owner of the mechanical production company in Estonia and director of the Society Volta in Revel (company, also co-operated with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, specialised in the production of dynamo maschines and electricity motors, and in 1917 its authorized capital amounted to 2,000,000 rubles) and Director of the Company called Karl Winkler in St. Petersburg. Society Volta supplied also the plant Noblessner in Revel / Tallinn.

The Tallinn plant Volta / 'Volta tehas', was one of the largest enterprises of the Estonia, specialized in the production of electric motors of different types and capacities. It was in Tallinn, street Teestuze; historical Volta factory was founded in 1899. On April 15, 1899 Joint Stock Company Volta, had shareholders: Карл-Вильгельм Лутер / Carl Wilhelm Luter / Charles William Luther, Кристиан Лутер / Christian Luther, Girard, Кристиан-Бертольд Роттерманн / Christian Berthold Rottermann, Rosen and Ingmann and the Riga Commercial Bank (former German company AEG). Joint Stock Company Volta has acquired land in Revel and began construction of the plant, received its name from the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta; the plant began work on January 5, 1900 and was originally produced electric motors, generators, lighting systems, including equipment for the Tallinn power station. Generators produced at the Volta, gave the first electricity for homes of Tallinn in 1913. Before the revolution, the plant employed about a thousand people; In the summer of 1903 Carl Wilhelm Luter, during a trip to Berlin, died aged forty-four. Carl Wilhelm Luther - the eldest son of Alexander Martin Luther / Александр Мартин Лютер, the founder of a furniture factory, famous not only in the province of Estonia; after graduating from Riga Polytechnic, he worked for several years in St. Petersburg, after which he returned to his hometown. In Revel, son of the founder of a furniture factory, Luther was not only the owner of the enterprise, but also led the technical management of production; 1899, together with his younger brother Christian, Carl founded the electro-mechanical factory Volta, becoming its director; he is the author of Charles Luther Public House in Revel, 1904.

Carl Wilhelm Luther born 1859 in Tallinn, d. 1903 in Berlin, as a son of the German Baltic merchant and entrepreneur Alexander Martin Luther (1810-1876) and his wife Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). Carl's older brother was the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914); Carl Wilhelm Luther concluded in 1885, the Polytechnic of the Livonian capital Riga in mechanical engineering, working in St. Petersburg, and next he returned to Estonia. Carl Wilhelm Luther was son of Alexander Martin Luther and Henriette Caroline Luther, and was husband of Sidney Frances; he was father of Winifred Luther, by Ilmar Raudmägi. Alexander Martin Luther b. 1810 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Christian II Wilhelm Luther and Johanna Amalie Amalie. Brother of Gerdruta Carolina Paulsen; Auguste Charlotte Luther; Catharina Henriette Luther; Helene Amalie Luther; Johann Christian Luther; Leopold Luther; Moritz Wilhelm Luther and Ferdinand Wilhelm Luther, by Lasse Söderström, Raul Kalev, Epp Ehasalu. Above mentioned Johanna Amalie Amalie Luther nee Gebauer b. 1774; daughter of Johann David Gebauer, II. Above Christian II Wilhelm Luther b. 1774 in Tallinn, Harju; d. 1841. Son of Georg Christian Luther, II and Maria Helene. Copyright by Lasse Söderström and Ehasalu. Above Georg Christian Luther, II was born 1717 in Breslau / Wroclaw, Poland. The entrepreneur Georg Christian Luther (1717-1800) in 1742 emigrated to the Russian Empire to Tallinn. Above mentioned Alexander Martin Luther b. 1809 / 8th Jan. 1810 in Tallinn, Estland; d. 22 September 1876. In 1870, Alexander Martin Luther co-operated with the businessman Markel Makarov; from 1848 to 1864 Luther was councilor in Tallinn, 1855 to 1864 he was treasurer of Tallinn. Luther's sons: Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and Carl Wilhelm Luther (1859-1903). Alexander Martin Luther was married three times, to Louise Gebauer, to Therese with three daughters and a son, and to Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). In last marriage, three sons were born: the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and Carl Wilhelm Luther (1859-1903) and the theologian John Henry Luther (1861-1932) in Kadrina, and in Narva; Kadrina in the Lääne-Viru in Estonia. The A. M. Luther Company was founded in Tallinn in 1877; it was winner of the Grand Prix of Paris for a waterproof glue, with alliance of other companies such as Venesta of London - A. M. Luther Venesta, which operated the tea trade between Ceylon and London. Christian founded a shareholder company Luterma which later went into a partnership with Venesta, in London; 1909 he started a factory in Staraja Russa; Martin began his career at Venesta but returned to Tallinn to run Luterma. The A. M. Luther furniture factory was created by Christian IV Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914); Alexander was the father of both Ferdinand Justinus, Fred Luther's grandfather, and of Christian IV; another Alexander Martin was Uncle Martin. Father Christian IV Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914) and son Martin Christian Luther (1883-1964) were successive directors of the plywood factory in Tallinn since 1884. The fire at the Venesta Works, Silvertown, London on January 19th, 1917, occurred at a munitions factory; 50 tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploded. The factory was built in 1893, but production of TNT began in September 1915. The method used was invented by F. A. Freeth; another plant, at Gadbrook, was built in 1916; in 1896 'The Venesta Syndicate' was formed for the tea-chests, and in 1906 Venesta Ltd. used the southernmost portion of Napier Yard, as manufacturer of wood and metal cases, boxes and barrels.

Василий Васильевич Шауб / Wilhelm Schaub / Wilhelm Johann-Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub, 1861 - 1934. Vasily Schaub / Wilhelm Johann Christian, Russian architect, also being built in Moscow, Saratov, Yekaterinburg. Son of Василии Иванович Шауб (1834 in Göttingen, d. 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia) / Wilhelm Karl Albert Emil Schaub. Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony. Grandson of Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub (b. ca 1800 ?).

Probably Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub come from Johannes b. 1766 m. second time in 1800 to Elise NEFZGER, who had child Johannes 1801 (Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub) + Barbara SCHWOB.
Wilhelm Johann Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub was father of Woldemar Schaub and Gustav Schaub. Brother of Amalia Marie Julie Wasmer (1862 Petersburg - 1935 Berlin, wife of Richard Julius Wasmer); Alexander Schaub (1866 - 1934, husband of Emma, father of Boris Schaub; Wera Kudrevich / Wiera Kudrewicz and Alexander Schaub junior) and Heinrich Wilhelm Schaub. All above data acc. to Karin Lindsalu Heermeyer at geni.com, his mother Julia Maria Schaub nee Zeh. Above Gustav Schaub, b. ca 1885? husband of Sophie, father of Sophie younger. Brother of Woldemar Schaub who was husband of Waleska Schaub / NN nee Walewska?
Hans Jakob 1768-1827 m. Elise MEYER and Verena WALLISER had: Verena 1794-1849 + Rudolf SCHAUB 1778, Hans Jakob 1797, Hans Jakob 1798 + Anna Barbara EHRSAM 1806 with children: Johan Jakob 1829 (Johann Jakob Schaub b. 1828 in Itingen, 1 km near by Sissach), Anna Barbara 1829, Johan Jakob 1831-1890 + Anna Margaretha TSCHUDIN b. 1845 with children: Anna Maria 1867, Anna Barbara 1868, Johan Heinrich 1869, Johan Heinrich 1870, Anna 1877, Rudolf 1883; Rosina 1833, Anna Barbara 1835, Johan Rudolf 1837 + Anna Maria BOLLIGER 1839-1907 with children: Arnold 1880; Johan Rudolf 1837 + Elisabeth TSCHUDIN 1841-1879 with children: Johan Jakob 1860, Rudolf 1862, Elisabeth 1863, Emil 1865 + Regula STAUFER had Jakob Ewald 1891-1913; Wilhelm 1867 + Elisabeth KYBURG had Johan Wilhelm 1891-1912, Ernst 1896-1918; Albert 1869, Maria 1873 + Alexandre CEPPI; August 1876, Emilie 1879; Johannes 1839-1911 + Anna Margaretha GISIN 1837-1872 had Johan Jakob 1858 + Elise GENTSCH with Elisabeth 1885, Anna Barbara 1859, Johannes 1861, Elisabeth 1863, Johannes 1864-1923; Johannes 1839-1911 + Verena BUSER had Arnold 1873, Verena 1878, Arnold 1886; Ursula 1845, Johannes Heinrich 1849 + Emma FLUBACHER had Johan Heinrich 1873-1919 + Sophie WAGNER, Karl 1875.
Around 1750, the baker, Johann Jakob Schaub, bought the Inn zum Engel in Basel, and in 1801, the son-in-law of Johann Jakob Schaub, Martin Leutenegger. Above baker is maybe Johannes 1728-1818 m. 1749 to Anna KESSLER 1724-1804. Conrad Schaub was born 1843, in Oberglatt county - 13 km north of Zurich, Switzerland, to Solomon Schaub and Susanna Maag. Solomon was born 1805, in Switzerland; Conrad Schaub became a civil engineer in southern Germany, Worms; married Maria Anna Alker in 1867. They moved back to Switzerland in 1869, and Karl Conrad jr. was born to them in 1869, Zurich. Descendants of Johannes Friedrich Schaub b. 1717 in Buss (?), Switzerland, and died 1801 in Bethania, N.C. He married DESERTE MARIA SCHUMAKER in 1743 in Marienborn, Germany.
Heinrich Schaub b. 1802 in Sissach, close to Basel; Swiss politician in the Basel canton 1832, 1838 und 1850, 1869 to 1870.
Jakob Schaub b. 1862 in Gelterkinden, 4 km east of Sissach, south-east of Basel; editor and printer, Basel, Zürich, in Sissach.
Johann Jakob Schaub b. 1828 in Itingen, 1 km near by Sissach.
Others in Switzerland: Otto Schaub (1886–1955), Samuel Schaub (1882–1962), Walter Schaub b. 1885 in Sissach; d. 1957 in Bottmingen, near to Basel, Swiss politician. Schaub family in Ferenbalm / Les Baumettes, is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, 25 km east of Neuchatel, ca 20 km south-east of St. Blaise, and ca 22 km north of Fribourg.

Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel, Suisse, 21 km north-east of Concise (Schaub family), and 14 km south-east of Neuchatel, 19 km north-west of Fribourg; probably in the 18th cent. in Saint-Aubin were the Schaubs. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel and in Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Cobham - British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy.

François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (near by Cully in the Lavaux; the Lavaux is a region in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, in the district of Lavaux-Oron; the Lavaux at northern shores of Lake Geneva; village Forel = Lavaux, north-east of Lutry) and Villeneuve was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km. The Demontet family - in Villette in the Vaud province. Villette on way from Lutry and Cully. Cully is near to Riex. The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds - is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. Also St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne (St-Aubin-Sauges is 6 km north-east of Concise where the SCHAUB family lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866), Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel. La Chaux-de-Fonds 15 km north of Neuchatel.


Originally Prussian, Abraham Louis Breguet began his career as a watchmaker but also a physicist.

His son Louis-Antoine Breguet. His ancestry was French but his family were Protestants so they fled to Switzerland after Edict of Nantes in 1685.
He met
Abraham-Louis Perrelet and Xavier Gide.

In 1795 Breguet returned to Paris. Circa 1807 Breguet brought in his son, Louis-Antoine (born 1776) as a business partner, and from this point the firm became known as Breguet et Fils. He sent his son to London to study with the great English chronometer maker,

John Arnold.


Abraham-Louis Breguet died in 1823 and it was carried on by Louis-Antoine to 1833 (he died in 1858), and after the business continued under Abraham-Louis' grandson


Louis François Clément Breguet born on 22 Dec. 1804

in Paris.



Louis Francois Clement Breguet work in the early days of

telegraphy, educated in Switzerland. Louis François Clément Breguet

was a French physicist, "1835 and 1840 he standardized the company product line of watches, ... and diversified into scientific instruments, electrical devices, recording instruments, an electric thermometer, telegraph instruments and electrically synchronized clocks

(Masson, Antoine Philibert and Louis Breguet in 1841 ed. 'Memoire sur l'induction', Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris, 4 (3), p. 129-152; Masson describes the toothed wheels that functioned as an interrupter).

With

Alphonse Foy, in 1842 he developed an electrical needle telegraph to replace the optical telegraph system ... and a later step-by-step telegraph system in 1847 ... manufactured the rotating mirror Fizeau-Foucault apparatus ... and 'spark coil'

(archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Ruhmkorff)

is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses ... were widely used in

x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s ... lighting Geissler tubes ... Tesla coils...".

Alphonse Foy informed Morse that his system would not be accepted in France. He also requested Louis Francois Breguet (b. 1804), grandson of Abraham Louis Breguet to produce an electrical telegraph with needles in France. The resulting Breguet - Foy telegraph used two needles. It was first tried in 1842. In 1842 tests were made with optical telegraph at night. In 1845 test of electrical telegraph was made along the railway route, the Breguet two - needle telegraph, too.

As a result the Breguet equipment was installed in 1845 on the Paris-Rouen route. Breguet replaced his telegraph also called the French telegraph, which was standard equipment on French railways and L. Breguet in 1851 had in Paris a fourth floor added to his building for this work.

Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century), in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London, who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax), d'Arlincourt (transmitter);
Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
Note: Winnie Buller b. in Bacton, Norfolk, receives pilot's license from Breguet School at Douia, France.

In Russia, St Petersburg - Moscow electrical telegraph line was established as the first; in 1853 a line to Kronstadt, 1854 to Warsaw. The Russian state telegraph network of 11000 km was constructed by Siemens - Carl Siemens - in the period 1853 - 1855. 1863 to Tbilisi in Georgia upon the initiative of Grigola Orbeliani, d. 1883. 1860 to Sweden from Russia.

"...The first electromagnetic telegraph created a Russian scientist Paul L. Schilling in 1832. ... Paul Schilling also developed the original code in which each letter of the alphabet corresponded to a specific combination of symbols that might appear with black and white circles on the telegraph ... the electromagnetic telegraph was built in Germany - Carl Gauss and Wilhelm Weber (1833), in the UK - Cooke and Wheatstone (1837), and the U.S. patented electromagnetic telegraph S. Morse in 1837. ... In Russia, the P. L. Schilling continued B. Jacobi, built in 1839 writer telegraph...".

In 1874, Pärnu - Kuressaare telegraph line was building. At first the two times a week between Kuressaare and Pärnu were transported mail. Telegraph to continent was set up in 1875. The first line at Hiiumaa Island was built by the Government of the Navy, ca 1854, this service was expensive and slown. The big change in the transmission of messages in the history came when it started to use electric telegraph by a German physician Samuel Thomas von Sommer; it have not found practical use; In Tallinn, the Russian scientist, electronic technician, Schilling in 1832 constructed an electromagnet powered telegraph; 1837, Cooke and Wheatstone patented telegraph which was introduced in Paddington; 1837 was designed by American Samuel Morse an electromagnetic telegraph, which became the forward points, had a paper tape machine. By 'wiki.wifi.ee/index.php/Telegraaf'. Estonia can the beginning of the development of telecommunications in 1855 when the first telegraph from Petersburg via Narva to Tallinn was put to work, with the Morse telegraph device; in 1857 Tallinn - Pärnu to Riga; Telegraph opened in Pärnu to Haapsalu with a branch line in 1859 to Tallinn; 1863 was built telegraph Tartu - Valga to Riga; 1864 Tartu - Narva - Johvi; 1866 Rakvere was post office; 1867 Pärnu - Viljandi telegraph; in 1872 Vorru; 1875 Pärnu - Kuressaare; 1883 between Tallinn and Pärnu new line linking the Märjamaal open telegraph; 1900 in Pärnu a wide range telegraph; all telegraph were used Morse-type telegraph devices and Hughes high-speed type; the longest telegraph cable was built in 1898 between Pärnu and Kihnu, Saarema Island; 1914 the First World War, continued development of the telegraph, but in the meantime begun to evolve rapidly new phone. 1875, the final decision on the issue of Saaremaa telegraph, taking Pärnu, Kuressaare, Virtsu, Kärdla telegraph line; 1875, G. Schmidt, managing Pärnu - Kuressaare route building intermediate stations Lihulas, Virtsus, Vahtna, Illikulaiu; Kuressaare and Pärnu base stations were set up in 1875. 1906, the city telephone network was a state monopoly, to set the phone on the island port of Roomassaare - Oskar Kesk. 1908, in Saaremaa, Julius Sander, chaired the meeting where it was decided to install telephones in rural houses. The Roomassaare Port had the first electric power plant in 1912.

Electrical Power Base in Estonia started in 1882, when the Tallinn F. Wiegandi factory (later Ilmarine) and the Narva Kreenholm Factory set up the first generator lighting; 1885 Drümpelmanni metal factory in Tallinn and mentioned Kreenholm (Dvigatel wagon factory in Tallinn); 1893 started work of two generators with a total capacity of approximately 200 kW in a cement factory in Kunda; The first public power station founded in 1907 in Pärnu, the power was 100 kW, it operated a steam engine; on the right bank of the Pärnu River power plant has not survived, but is still the building, which was built and opened in the 1911; this was followed by Tartu, Viljandi, Valga and Voru city.

The Pärnu city council decided to build the plant on 16 February 1907; building itself was built by the city by the total cost of 65,000 rubles. In early June began to pull the power lines, and on 20 October 1907 began producing electricity in Pärnu; city street had 69 light bulb, thus it was at the forefront of the whole empire; as early as in 1908 were built power plant additions (see on my grandfather Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Marian Stankiewicz / Marian Konstantinovich in Parnu 1908/1909 to 1912):
batteries provided power during peak periods; electric lights brighten the beach and on 29 September 1910 the council decided to build a new power plant (completed in autumn 1911); as early as in 1912 in Pärnu electric street lighting had bulbs to 355, before the war, 425. It used for heating the wood chips and milled peat. Estonian electrical networks, of Pärnu, is very interesting, the power station was constructed with two subsea cables through the Pärnu River, as the city's street lighting network was located on one side of the river, and the other side was the power plant.
Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau or Paulina Julia Elisabeth / Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (or Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth, 1847-1896) b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern, was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau / Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu). The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. She was sister of above mentioned Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau (burial in Pärnu; born 1774, d. 1814) and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. Above named Adolf Pilar von Pilchau in 1899 served magistrate of Pärnu; became a Viljandi church curator; 1902 he became also an economic Livonia president; 1905 arrived in Tallinn; 1906 Pilar von Pilchau moved to Riga. 1908-1918 he was the marshal of the Livonian knighthood, 1912 he was elected to the Baltic provinces of Russia as a representative member of the Supreme Council, to share life in Riga and St. Petersburg; 1916 in Tartu, Riga.

Paul L. Schilling / Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling / Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt b. 1786 in Tallinn and died 1837 in St. Petersburg, diplomat, electrical engineer and inventor, the Baltic German origin, who built a pioneering electrical telegraph.


Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, an English scientist and inventor: the stereoscope Playfair cipher for an encryption technique ("...it was used by the militaries of several nations through at least World War I, and is known to have been used during World War II by British intelligence services. It was initially resistant to cryptanalysis...", acc. to Marks, Leo, Between Silk and Cyanide. New York 1998), Wheatstone bridge, telegraph; in 1835 he lectured on the system of Baron Schilling, and the five-needle telegraph was similar to that of Schilling; the Breguet telegraph was similar in many ways to the Wheatstone model. It was simply built and adhered to basic engineering principles.

In 1917, after Russian revolution, cryptographers took the counterrevolution side. Soviet Government used both tsar and revolutionary ciphers. In 1921, a special department was founded by the government, for exploitation of ciphers. Andrei Andreevich Markov gave a classification of ciphers which do not propagate distortions. Aleksandr Osipovich Gelfond investigated the complexity of the discrete logarithm problem. Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903‑1987), graduated of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1925, acc. to Valentin A. Nosov.
By 1860 large codes were in common use for diplomatic communications, and cipher systems had become a rarity for this application. The invention of telegraph and radio pushed forward the development of cryptographic protection of telecommunications, acc. to https://www.cryptochallenge.com/home/history.
The British scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone b. 1802, developed the Playfair Code, a table system that was easy to use.
Friedrich W. Kasiski developed a cryptanalysis method in 1863. In 1883, the French teacher and writer Auguste Kerckhoffs set forth six basic requirements of cryptography. He formulated procedures for long-term diplomatic codes. In 1917, the Americans formed the cryptographic organization MI-8, with Herbert Osborne Yardley as the director. The ADFGVX system was put into service by the Germans near the end of World War One. This was a cipher which performed a substitution, fractionation and then transposition of the letter fractions. It was broken by the French cryptanalyst, Lieutenant Georges Painvin.

Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography, "Ernst Fetterlein was in the Tzarist Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1896, and solved German, Austrian and British codes. He was eventually made chief cryptographer. ... 1917 he fled to Britain, and was recruited to Room 40 in June 1918 to work on Austrian, Bolshevik, and Georgian codes. The Russians used an overly complicated version of the Vigenere Cipher... The French Army employed Georges Painvin, and Etienne Bazeries..., on German ciphers...".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

The Korostovetz family:
Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya, was the youngest daughter of the poet K. K. Sluchevsky / Konstanty Slichevski. She was born in St. Petersburg in 1890.
Her mother was Agnes F. Snetkova. Agnes F. did not belong to the nobility. 1896 to 1903 in St. Petersburg, first at the Nikolayev street, 7 then on the Fontanka, 127; Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevskaya after the death of her elder brother Constantine, in 1913, married Vladimir Konstantinovich Korostovets, its close relative; Vladimir K. Sluchevsky graduated from the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University; Vladimir Konstantinovich Sluchevsky was hired by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served under P. N. Milyukov. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov (К. Д. Набоков next of kin with В. В. Набоков), was on friendly terms with Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky. Vladimir Konstantinovich and Konstantin Konstantinovich Slichevski / Sluchevsky and V. D. Nabokov were members of the Law Society at St. Petersburg University. Brother of Vladimir Dmitrievich - Konstantin Dmitrievich Nabokov served in the Foreign Ministry with nephew of K. K. Sluchevsky - I. Ya. Korostovets / Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian prominent diplomat, scholar, author of books on the history of China; The Pfalz-Fein family, was in close kinship with the family Nabokov. Korostovetz Konstantin b. 1857 died 1912, his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz (Tallinn, where the last Governor-General before the revolution was Ishmael V. Korostovetz). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912. Nicholas Sluchevsky (1882-1920), Power Engineer / energy engineering profession, son of the poet K. K. SLUCHEVSKY; Nicholas was born in a noble family Kapitonovna Olga nee Longinov and Konstantin Konstantinovich (1837-1904) Sluchevsky; Nicholas's mother came from a wealthy family; father was a famous poet. 1911 he was married. Korostovetz Ivan Yakovlevich (1862-1933). Korostovets Michael, Vadim and Natalia. Korostovetz Lidia, landowner, she decided to go to the Cheka, and a few days later was shot; Along with her was shot her son, Anthony K. Korostovetz, 24-25 years old, just graduated from university. Ancestry Sluchevsky with family Korostovetz three times were affinity for the last century. Kirill K. Korostovetz married Valentina Fyodorovna Buhmeyer; Valya Elizabeth Skuling - Korostovetz living in England; Rall family was very friendly with family Korostovetz as Catherine Rall studied with Lydia Alexandrovna Sluchevskaya, niece of the poet, in Switzerland. CYRIL Korostovetz KONSTANTINOVICH / Korostovetz Kirill Konstantinovich b. 1885 Petersburg, d. 1961; of the nobility, participated in Russian - Japanese war. In 1915 he was sent to England, where oversaw the construction of the first five icebreakers for Russia after 1917, to Russia has not returned; died in London.

Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862-1933), Russian diplomat, from the Poltava province; A graduate of the Imperial Alexander Lyceum in 1884; the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1890 in Beijing, 1894 in Rio de Janeiro, 1896 Lisbon; 1899 Port Arthur, 1900 Tianjin, 1913 Korostovetz was appointed ambassador to Persia, 1915 - June 1917 he was a member of the Board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Emigrated to Finland. Lived in exile in Berlin. From marriage to Alexandra V. Gordanov, had children: Olga, Flavia and Vadim.
Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovets / Ishmael Vladimirovich Korostovetz / Измаил Владимирович b. 1863 died 1933 in Poznan (the Gernet family, too); General and Senator, Governor of Estland, graduated from the Corps of Pages 1884, Lieutenant-General in 1915, as vice - governor of Courland 1903-1905 and governor of Estonia 1907-1915; 1915 he was appointed a senator for the Department of Heraldry, he emigrated to Poland, lived in Poznan. Brother of above Ishmael: Korostovetz Konstantin / Коростовец Константин Владимирович b. 1857, died after 1912. Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.
Ludmila Korostovetz (1794 - 1883), married to the famous traveler,

Admiral P. I. Rikord, Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776, Russian admiral, explorer, scientist, diplomat, writer, shipbuilder, from Toropets in the Pskov province, now Tver region, his father:

Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan =
Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea,
after in Poland,
in 1772 major in the Russian service. 1843 P. I. Rikord was promoted to admiral, 1850 appointed chairman of Marine Scientific Committee, an honorary member of the Imperial Moscow University, the State Department of the Admiralty.

Jean François Ricord
was appointed judge of the revolutionary court of criminal department and he was elected to the District Court of Nice; Jean François Ricord (1760-1818) was a French advocate of d'Aix / Aix and in Grasse; and was elected deputy of the Var to the National Convention in 1792; close to Robespierre, he was sent as a representative mission in Toulon; 1794 he was commissioner of the Convention with Augustin Robespierre to the army of Italy. 1794 requisitioned for oil for the city of Genoa; Jean François Ricord arrived in Nice to install a Robespierre's system; May 1795 the Thermidorian period begins. In 1815 during the Hundred Days of Napoleon appointed him as Commissioner General of Police to Bayonne; died 1818 at Paris or Belgium. In Cannes born RICORD Françoise Marie in 1811. In Grasse was RICORD Louis in 1776.
In Nice Ignatius Ricord 1734-1736.

Probably Ignatius Ricord born ca 1710 / 1715 and maybe he was a father to Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea (b. ca 1745 / 1750), who was after in Poland, Russia and USA.
From this family we know about:
John Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord-Madianna II, b. 1813 in New Jersey, died in Paris in 1861; was a lawyer and world traveler. His father, Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna, was a physician and naturalist who had escaped the French Revolution with his parents.
Brother of above named John Ricord:
Frederick William Ricord, a judge and Mayor of Newark, New Jersey.
Philippe Ricord (1800 in Baltimore - 1889) was a French physician. His father had escaped the French Revolution in 1790 from Marseille (to Poland and Russia, next in USA); Philippe Ricord back to Paris in 1820.
He was the brother of mentioned above Jean Baptiste Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna (1777–1837) who was a physician and naturalist in America. Jean Baptiste's son (Phillipe's nephew) took the name John Ricord, traveled through the Republic of Texas, Oregon Territory, the Kingdom of Hawaii, and the California. Jean Alfred Fournier, student of Ricord, was actually his son-in-law?
Probably Admiral P. I. Rikord, Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776, Russian admiral, explorer, scientist, diplomat, writer, shipbuilder, was brother of above mentioned Jean Baptiste Ricord / Jean Baptiste Ricord de Madianna (1777–1837) who was a physician and naturalist in America, and brother of Philippe Ricord b. 1800 in Baltimore.
This Russian Admiral was living in Toropets / Toropiec, in the Pskov province, now Tver region.
His father was Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan = Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea (b. ca 1745 / 1750), who escaped the French Revolution in 1790 from Marseille to Poland, and in 1772 was major in the Russian service; next in USA.

RICORD Boniface, born in 1722.
RICORD Marianne, who died in 1760.
RICORD Ignace, born in 1782.
Above named Johann Ignatievitch Ricord / Johan = Jean-Baptiste Ignatievich Rikord, from Nice / Nicea, next in Poland and Russia.

Next Ignace Ricord was born November 4, 1782. Parents Jean RICORD and Marguerite MOUTTET.

Marie Madeleine RICORD, from GUAVA. Guava / Goyav, a French commune, located in the department of Guadeloupe. We know on RICORD Philippe (1800-1889) and John Ricord (1711-1733).

By Andy Drummond: Xenia Loginov /
Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova, was born 1807 on Kamtchatka.
Ksenia was brought up in Petropavlovsk in 1817, in the household of the Governor of Kamtchatka, Pyotr Ivanovich Rikord (1776-1855), and his young wife Ludmila Ivanovna Korostovez (1794-1883). She married
John Cochrane in 1822 in Irkutsk
(Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone and his brother the Admiral Alexander Cochrane in the West Indies; servant of Prince Alexander Labanov in Russia; Charles Stuart Cochrane b. 1796, son of Alexander Cochrane, career in the Royal Navy, 1823 in Gran Colombia, the firm of Rundell, Bridge & Rundell, for exploitation of the pearl fisheries in Gran Colombia; 1830 in France; next in Glasgow);
after the death of John Cochrane in 1825, Ksenia Cochrane remained in Great Britain to London to John's Cochrane sister Eliza until 1827; next in Petersburg in 1827; here
she met the famous Arctic explorer, Pyotr Anjou (b.1796 / 1797), and married him in St Petersburg; Ksenia Anjou had six children: Ludmila, Pyotr Anjou a naval man, Fedor, Ivan, Aleksandra, and Elisaveta in St Petersburg and Oranienbaum.
Pyotr Anjou / Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Пётр Фёдорович Анжу, was an Arctic explorer and an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.
Pyotr Anjou / Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou b. 1796 or 1797
in Vyshny Volochyok, near Tver

(see:
A.
Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region; he enjoyed high confidence and patronage of the king. Von Dubelt, Leonti Vasilyevich / Leonti Wassiljewitsch Dubelt (b. 1792 died 1862), born into a family of Vasily Ivanovich Dubbelt by his wife - Mary Grigorievna Shperter vel Medina Celli, Princess; his brother Peter, Colonel. Von Dubelt is the German noble family from Livonia since the beginning of the 18th century. Ivan Dubbelt entered the Russian service. His sons, Vasily and Mikhail Dubbelt. Above Leonti V. Dubbelt married Anna Nikolaevna Persian nee Mordvinov in 1818. In marriage, had two sons: Nicholas / Nikolai (1819-1874) and Michail / Michael (1822-1900). Michael Leontievich was Lieutenant-General (1897). Dubbelt / Dubelt Michael or Michail Leontievich who was born February 8, 1822 in Kiev, Russian cavalry Major General, he was commandant of the Tiflis Alexandropol / Aleksandrapol fortress 1887-1890. His first wife Nataly / Natalia Puszkin / Natalja Aleksandrovna Pushkin since 1853, born May 23 / 4 Jun 1836 in St. Petersburg, was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, poet. This son - M. Dubelt in 1860, lost above named Kuvshinovo factory in gambler to hands of Peter Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1826 died 1880, the leader of the provincial nobility.
B. Now about the Pushkin family tree: Interesting reading from the book 'BEFORE THE STORM' by Carl, Baron Wrangell-Rokassovsky, dedicate this story to his mother BARONESS VERA ROKASSOWSKY / Wiera Rokossowska: "...on the wall of the Kolpino gallery was a portrait of Joseph Juriewicz/ Jozef Jurewicz, a direct descendant of a Lithuanian princely family. Their appanage was the Orsha district in the province of Mogilev. ... He came into possession of Kolpino after his marriage to Anna Deszpot-Zienowicz, my great-grandmother. His principal estates were Kraszuty (Wielkie-Kraszuty / Krashuty, a village in the Mikolajewska area, a district of Polock, goverment of Witebsk / Vicebsk; Soltan, 1853-1905, engineer from Lodz, the Congress Poland, owner of Kraszuty, married to Amelia Maria Weyssenhoff; this estate located north-east of Polock / Polatsk, close to present border of Belarus and Russia; Savino 3.6 km north east) and Porzecze, and in Kolpino he was only a visitor. ...At the time of his marriage to Lady Joanna, he had informed his brothers and his sister, Anna von Wrangell, who was seventeen years younger than he, that he had decided to give up in their favor his share in the landed estates of his father's family. The estates were in Belorussia, and after the death of his parents, Stanislaw Juriewicz, as the oldest brother, divided these properties among his brothers. His brother, Michal Juriewicz, received Kraszuty, a large estate covered by a dense forest, known to contain bears, moose, and other big game. His brother Jan received two estates, Franopol and Porzecze. Franciszek, another brother, lived in St. Petersburg, where he occupied an important position in a government department. ... My grandmother, Anna von Wrangell received three estates: Kolpino, Reblio, and Zabelja. The estate Kolpino had belonged to her mother, Zienowicz / Despoth / Deszpot - Zienowicz. Originally, this estate had belonged to the Princes Oginski; Polonia Oginska / Apolonia Oginski was the maternal grandmother of Anna von Wrangell. The title to the estate Porzecze was left in the name of Stanislaw Juriewicz ... The only son of Stanislaw Juriewicz, Mieczyslaw, was a student at St. Petersburg University. ... By that time, Czar Peter the Great was dead, and on the throne of Russia was his widow, Empress Catherine I. The young Hannibal joined an artillery company with the rank of Lieutenant. However, in 1727, this young Lieutennat got into a dispute with the all-powerful Field- Marshal Prince Alexander Danilovitch Menshikoff, a favorite of the late Tsar / Czar, who, during the short reign of his widow, was the actual ruler of Russia. As a result of this dispute, the Field-Marshal banished the poor Negro to Siberia...".
C. Carl Wrangell-Rokassovsky / Karol Wrangel - Rokossowski calls his book "History of the life of my father." But in reality, it tells the story of his family from 1787 to 1913. ...the family estate Kolpino - what was then Sebezhsky county. Until 1924 the county was part of the Vitebsk province. Now Kolpino Pustoshka is in the district of the Pskov region... Wrangel, more precisely, the two branches of this kind. The first branch - the family Gyubentalya von Wrangel, the second - the family Wrangel, who lived in Pskov. ..."Stanislav Karlovic Frangel von Gyubental", Lutheran, who owns an estate in Kolpino, Soinskoy parish. Alexander Pushkin back in 1824 from Odessa to Mikhailovsky, was in Kolpino, close to present city Pustoshka. In those years it was owned by Ignatius Despot-Zenovich, a member of the Masonic Lodge in St. Petersburg. In the second half of the XIX century, owner of the Kolpino estate was Stanislav Wrangell (1844-1913) - son of the famous physician Carl Philipp von Wrangel Gyubentalya (1786-1858). Carl Wrangel was married twice. From his first wife Constance, he had two sons. After the death of Constance in 1832, he married Anna Yurevich. In 1844 they had a son Stanislav, the future judge and the owner of the estate in Kolpino. Anna Jurevich had three estates in Vitebsk - Kolpino, Reblino and Zabel. Kolpino belonged to her mother, nee Despot-Zenovich. Originally, the estate was owned by the Duchess of Polonia Oginska. The first owners of the estate were the descendants of Rurik, the princes Oginski / Ahinskis. Princess Polonia Oginskaja married Joseph Deshpo-Zenovich, and their daughter married Joseph Jurevicha (Jurewicz - Polish princes). Stanislav Yurevich, with whom the poet Pushkin met in Mogilev, accounted Ignatius Despot Zenovich nephew owner of the estate. Apolonia Oginska has twice married to Jerzy Szemet and Michal Despot Zienowicz.

D.
KONSTANTINOVICH Lev, son of Lev / Lew Konstantynowicz, was born in 1900 in Toropets / Toropiec; in 1918 / 1919 a student of a secondary school in Pskov. During the occupation of 'white' was mobilized and after during their retreat, came to Poland. At the beginning of 1922 return to Soviet Russia and arrived in Pskov; May 22nd was arrested and in November, 1922 again re-arrested, 16 March 1923 - sentenced to 2 years in a concentration camp and sent to Petrograd. In March 1923 his mother Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich wrote to the chairman of the Central Executive Committee Mikhail Kalinin. Ольга Васильевна Константинович / Olga Vasilievna Konstantinovich was living in Pskov, str Kalinin, No 15/11, Apt. 1. Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich / Olga Tchelischev daughter of Vasilij Chelishchev and she was married to Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875. Olga b. ca 1875, her son Lew Lwowicz Konstantynowicz born 1900. Above named Vasilij Chelishchev was born ca 1840 / 1850. Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875, was next of kin with Aleksander and Konstantyn / Konstantin Konstantynowicz from Riga.
E. Olga's Konstantynowicz relatives:
1. Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. Lyadno / Liadno / Лядно - a village in central part of the Porkhov / Порхов / Порховск / Porchovsk district in the Pskov oblast; close to Туготинская волость / Tugotinskaya volost - around 50 / 55 km east - south - east of Pskov / Pskow.
2. Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900.
3.
Константинович / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinowicz / Konstantinovich Anna Petrovna was a daughter of Brigadier-General Piotr H. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович (b. ca 1785) and was the second wife of Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky. Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович born 1837 - died 1898. H. Konstantinovich that is Христофорович, son of Christofor / Hristofor Konstantinovich that is Krzysztof Konstantynowicz (here was error: Henryk, Gawrila, Havrila) born 1741.
F.
Tver Oblast, Kuvshinovo, close to Puzakovo; ca 120 km west of Tver. Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway.
G.
Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov b. 1891, Tver region. Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of Popov landowner, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver. Cheesemaker was working in the estate Mykolaivka, and Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province. Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region.

Apashkovo, Tver province / Paszkowo / Pashkovo 1, by Kiesma small river; in the Тверская oblast, in the Весьегонский count: Пашково, close to Staroje Shilkovo, Kuliberovo, Vanievo, Kiesma, Danilkovo; south of Viesiegonsk; east of Sandovo. The Тверская oblast, area of Молоково, Пашково 2, close to Kostromino, Cholm / Holm; south-west of Kiesma; north of Krasnyj Cholm; north-east of Tver.
The Frautshi / Frauchi family was living in a village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver; east of Wyshnij Volotshek; ca 85 km south of Krasnyj Cholm.

H.
Admiral P. I. Rikord / Petro Rikord / Pyotr Rikord b. 1776 in Toropets in the Pskov province, now Tver region.
I.
Pyotr Anjou / Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Пётр Фёдорович Анжу, was an Arctic explorer and an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy. Pyotr Anjou / Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou b. 1796 or 1797 in Vyshny Volochyok, near Tver.
Vyshny Volochyok / Вышний Волочёк, close to Borkovo, ca 80 km north of Torzok; 85 km north-east of Kuvshinovo; 140 km north-west of Tver. 1773 to 1782, Count Sivers Jakov / Яков Ефимович Сиверс acted here, was Tver and Pskov governor; next Jozef Korycki / Осип Иванович Корицкий in 1824/1828).

Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou Young - his grandfather, a Protestant, fleeing religious persecution settled in Moscow and served as a watchmaker profession. Anjou's grandfather was a Frenchman who entered the service of Russia in the middle of the 18th century. His son, Fyodor Andreyevich Anjou (1758-1824) was as a doctor and took Russian citizenship. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou Young was noticed by Sorokin, professor of mathematics in college, that he had a passion for the sea and distant travel. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou made his entry into the Naval Cadet Corps in 1808; he met Count Ferdinand von Wrangel, after graduation, the young men were assigned to the port of Revel in Estonia. In 1812, Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou was promoted midshipman, in 1815, a naval officer. In 1816, in a squadron under the command of Anton Vasilyevich Moller, went to Kronstadt, next in Cadiz. Two years later, they took part in the expedition to the land of Yakuts.

By Людмила ВЛАСОВА, Борис Худяков and Georges Cyrille C. in 2011 - 2013:
The Anjou first arrived to Moscow in 1740 as a master watchmaker at the request of Catherine the Great. This is
Adrien-Jean d'Anjou from noble French family, might come from Germany or
Switzerland because they spoke German and was Protestant.
They received Russian citizenship and were sailors, admirals and commanders of the ship and the name D'Anjou was given to new islands of Siberie. All Protestant archives burned in Moscow during Napoleon's entry into this city. Xenia Anjou, is the great-granddaughter of the famous Admiral Peter Fedorovich Anjou, discoverer, Arctic explorer. Вышний Волочек / Vishny Volochek - is a home of the most famous of Russian Anjou. Fedor Anjou / Федор Анжу was a naval doctor; Anjou, Peter F. - Admiral; his son Peter Anjou / Анжу sailed on the frigate Pallada, his grandson was the captain of the first rank and the commander of the squadron, who brought the king of France to
sign a treaty between France and Russia in 1909. But the first of Anjou in the 1750s was a watchmaker.
In Russia, his watches were very much needed. In general, all the sailors. They are French, of course, by origin, but may have come from Germany, as spoke German and were Protestants. I am thinking from Switzerland. Maybe come from Anjou - a former county, with Angers of western France; traditional name was Andegavia, and left France when Catholics slaughtered Protestants; from France to Switzerland, and next to Russia? The Anjou family built in Moscow a house, between 1740 and 1750; 1759 there was a mansion. Admiral
Peter Fedorovich Anjou, was the great friend of Wrangell. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou born 1796 / 1797. Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel / Фердина́нд Петро́вич Вра́нгель / Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangel b. 1796 / 1797 in Pskov, died in Dorpat in Estonia; was a Baltic German explorer; graduated from the Naval Cadets College in 1815; took part in Vasily Golovnin's world cruise in 1817–1819. A governor of the Russian settlements in Alaska. Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou made his entry into the Naval Cadet Corps in 1808; he met Count Ferdinand von Wrangel, after graduation, the young men were assigned to the port of Revel in Estonia.

Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova was daughter of Ivan Loginov, was adopted by Captain Rikord.

Count Beniowski / Moritz Benyovsky, the Polish adventurer, b. 1741, was exiled to Kamchatka in 1770; escaped on the island of Okinawa, and then Formosa, to Macao, sailed across the Indian Ocean, at Mauritius, and then Madagascar, rounding the Cape, Paris - all above database
copyright by http://www.andydrummond.net/Novgorod.

John Dandes Cochrane / John Dundas Cochrane / Cochran, British explorer, Captain of the Royal Navy, b. 1780 - d. 08/12/1825.
In 1820 journey across Siberia, which went to Kamchatka and back; from Ekaterinburg he went to Tobolsk and Omsk, Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and to the Chinese border, Zmeinogorsk, Kolivan and Barnaul and Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, to Yakutsk, then Verkhoyansk, and Lower Kolyma and the Upper Kolyma and Oymekon to Okhotsk, crossed to Kamchatka to Petropavlovsk; a year in Kamchatka, he moved to Okhotsk, to Yakutsk and the Lena up in Irkutsk, Nercinsk and Tsuruhaytu on the Chinese border, Kiakhta, Irkutsk (John Dundas Cochrane / John Cochrane was in 1822 in Irkutsk or 1823), Tomsk, Omsk, Tobolsk, the Urals. John Cochran, at journey from St. Petersburg across Siberia to Kamchatka, married in 1822 to the Siberian girl and returned to England and published an interesting book about his journey in Philadelphia (1824) and Edinburgh (1824), Weimar, 1825, Jena, 1825, Vienna, 1826.

Kotchoubey suspected him of being a spy, in a letter to Speranskii in 1872;

Cochran is called "the British fleet service captain" and 'Englishman Cochran took foot journey across Siberia'; and returned to England, acc. to "Complete Poems", Khvostova, 1829, p. 219. Death of John Cochrane in 1825, Ksenia Cochrane remained in Great Britain in London with John's Cochrane sister Eliza until 1827; next in Petersburg in 1827.

Note: James Holman met Captain Rikord in the city of Kazan.
Captain John Dundas Cochrane, d. 1825, was a Scottish naval officer,
son of Scottish adventurer Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone; he was a

cousin of Admiral Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, and nephew of Admiral Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane.

"Cochrane married Ksenia Ivanovna Loginova (1807-1870) in 1822; she was an adoptive daughter of Admiral Pyotr Rikord, the Russian governor of Kamchatka. As a widow, she married Pyotr Anjou, an Arctic explorer and Russian admiral", by Wikipedia. John Dundas Cochrane died in 1825 in Valencia, Colombia. Above mentioned

Andrew James Cochrane-Johnstone b. 1767, a Scottish soldier, politician and adventurer; was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. The youngest son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald b. 1691, from Jane Stuart b. 1722; 1793 he married Georgiana Hope-Johnstone, a daughter of James Hope-Johnstone, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun;

had one daughter. 1797 was promoted to Colonel and then made Governor of Dominica; next he had married Amelia Constance Gertrude Etienette, a widow and the only child of a French governor of Guadeloupe, in 1803. Above named

Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald b. 1691, a Scottish nobleman, army officer and politician.

Thomas was born in 1691, the seventh son of William Cochrane of Ochiltree, and Lady Mary Bruce, eldest daughter of Alexander Bruce, 2nd Earl of Kincardine, by Wikipedia.

Vladimir Konstantinovic Korostowec / W. K. von Korostowetz, Polnische Auferstehung; Publisher: Berlin, Verl. f. Kulturpolitik, 1929. Vladimir K. Korostovetz b. ca 1880 ?

(V. K. Korostovtsev, a former official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at the Ministry he did not enjoy the sympathy, until 1930 he lived in Berlin

(in Poland 1919);

then met with an Englishman Mound Gregory, a wealthy man who was interested in politics; Mound Gregory was a Catholic and a monarchist; invited Korostovtsev to England to write anti-Soviet themes and generously funded its publication; Korostovetz published in London monthly review 'Whitehall Gazette and St. James Review'; since 1930 Korostovetz started a violent propaganda in England; he hated Russian more than the Bolsheviks),

his wife Alexandra K. Sluchevskaya b. 1890 - her father

Sluchevsky Konstantin (1837 - 1904), Russian poet, writer, translator;

his son Nicholas and his sister Olga; Konstantin Sluchevsky was born in St. Petersburg, 1837. Descended from the nobility of the Chernigov province, son of Constantin Afanasevich Slichevski 2nd / Sluczewski b. 1793, Colonel, St. Petersburg police chief, Constantine Afanasevich 2nd began his military career with the rank of captain at the age of 19 years, participated in the war with Napoleon. Constantine, originally followed his father, was educated in the First Cadet Corps, 1855 after graduating stood in Gatchina, and will later be transferred to Tsarskoye Selo; Several years studying in Paris, Berlin and Heidelberg, where in 1865 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; a member of the Board of the General Administration of Press. In 1870, Konstantin married Olga nee Longinov 1849-1921, who came from a wealthy family; died on September 25, 1904.
Александра Константиновна Случевская has unknown mother; but her father was Константин Константинович Случевский b. 1837 - 1904, father's ex-wife Ольга Капитоновна Лонгинова. Husband of above Alexandra Konstantinovna Sluchevsky that is Vladimir K. Korostovetz / Владимир Константинович Коростовец (born ca 1880?), from unknown father!

Maybe his father: Korostovetz Konstantin Vladimirovich b. 1857 died after May 1912 (his brother Lieutenant General Ishmael V. Korostovetz / Ismail Vladimirovich Korostovetz, in Tallinn, where he was the last Governor-General before the revolution). Education: Page Corps 1877, captain Guard 1885, Major-General 1904; lieutenant general 1912.

"...Another significant mistake of the Germans was to be excessively systematic in sending daily routine official reports to naval units and even to individual ships by radio. For example, a detailed radio message sent by the Germans in the first hour of each day with the new reencryption key contained about 10% of the information needed to decrypt it. Often within 30 minutes - almost always within 90 minutes - either the Russians or the British had the new key worked out and then passed it on to the other. Even in 1916, when the German Navy introduced a new codebook with new words and phrases, the later edition kept the same alphabetical order as the replaced version, which allowed the Russians to interpolate unknown locations with those already known. The ultimate success of this cryptanalytic operation can be attributed, on the Russian side, to the efforts of Captain Rengarten, Fetterlein-Popov, and the cryptanalysts of Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn. ... Following on these early efforts, it was decided that a more systematic effort at cryptanalysis was needed. Therefore it was decided to concentrate the cryptanalytic effort in the Baltic at the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn radio intercept station. For this purpose, six officers who know the German language well and had experience in cipher work were selected. At the head of this operation the Naval General Staff placed ... E. Fetterlein".
Ernst Fetterlein was from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and he assigned to the 'Black Cabinet', as the Shpitkhami / Shpitgamn cryptanalytic group was known; here was a group of the naval officers: captain Nepenin and cpt. Rengarten. The main task was still discovering the daily key which served to reencrypt the German code, and British Navy Headquarters also worked closely with the Russian Naval Headquarters in this efforts. All material published by the Russians was sent to the British, that within an hour of intreduction of the new FEK into operation by the Germans, the Russian or British side would report it immediately to their counterparts.
All above acc. to: Cryptolog. April 1984, NSA, 2012 declassified.

Adrian / Andrian Nepenin Ivanovich, b. on October 21, 1871 in The Great Luke / Wielkie Luki and died on March 4, 1917 in Helsinki / Helsingfors; he was Vice - Admiral, the last commander of the Imperial Baltic Fleet; the founder of naval intelligence and communications; in service since 1889. He graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1892. Captain 1st rank - 1911 and since 1911, the Chief of Staff of communication for the Baltic Sea Fleet; 1911 - 1914 the chief of the communications service of the Naval Commander of the Baltic Sea headquarters. Rear Admiral on December 23, 1913 (30 July 1915). Founder on July 17, 1914 and the first chief (A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service) of the Baltic Sea communications, organized for the Baltic Fleet aviation exploration and effective service of decoding of German radio messages. When A. I. Nepenin, on July 13, 1914 was appointed chief of defense of the sea fortress of Emperor Peter the Great , captain 2 rank M. P. Davydov, by order of August 18, was ordered to start execution responsibilities of the Chief of communications.
On August 6, 1916 - Vice-Admiral and Commander of the Baltic Fleet. During the February Revolution in Helsingfors, Vice Admiral A. N. Nepenin joined the revolution happening, recognizing the power of the State Duma. Nepenin arrested Finnish Governor-General Franz Albert Zane / Zein. On March 2, Nepenin supported Nicholas II abdicated the throne. On March 4, 1917 was issued order number 302: "...On behalf of the new Government and the Free Great Russian officers once again urge for calm and unity with the team and strictly prohibited the shedding of blood, ... Russia needs a victorious war against a foreign enemy". On March 4, 1917 Nepenin was killed in Helsingfors port by unknown persons. After him was Andrew S. Maximov b. 1866 d. 1951, Russian Vice - Admiral, 1915-1917 he was head of the mine defense of the Baltic Sea, after the February Revolution of March 4, 1917 elected to the sailors of the Baltic Fleet as commander - in this post was to June 2, 1917; September 1917 - Chief of Naval Staff of the Supreme Commander, after the October Revolution as a senior inspector of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic in 1918. And it is important to note that the radio issues were not organizationally united under a single leadership in Russian Navy until 1917: were in charge of different heads, shipboard radio was headed by mine specialists and a navy coastal radio stations were part of the Communication Services of fleet, headed by the Chief of Communications; these positions in the Baltic Fleet occupied Senior Lieutenant Ivan Rengarten and captain Adrian I. Nepenin: I. Rengarten was recognized in the Navy authority on radio, both in the technical and tactical aspects of the use of radio communication in the Navy; Nepenin, had no special training in radio matters; between Rengarten and Nepenin existed oral agreement. In the winter of 1911-1912 the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet was organized the shore stations involving ships wintering in Libau. In June 1912 the flagship radiotelegraph officer Rengarten put forward the idea of the special reconnaissance campaign in areas of combat training of the German fleet to gather information about the organization of radio and radio specifications of the German ships. The flagship radiotelegraph senior lieutenant A. M. Shchastny wrote in a report on the radiotelegraph of Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea for 1911. To solve this problem was chosen cruiser 'Hercules', and was developed a wide-range reconnaissance receiver on this ship. In Kilkonde, a signals intelligence missions have begun to tackle on September 8, 1914, in Gange, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and on November 12 - the third - the lighthouse top at Dagerort / Dago. Were later installed in Windau, in Hapsal / Haapsalu and elsewhere of Baltic coast.

Acc. to I. I. Rengarten we read on a number of important additional information about the activities of Russian radio intelligence service in fall of 1914. Thus, in early October 1914 at the headquarters of the fleet were found approaches to disclosure of existing German ciphers, and in the second half of November 1914, fully decrypted code 'gamma - alpha', introduced on October 7, 1914, that led to a successful reading of the German fleet ciphers, and were read so well many previously adopted radiograms. The Baltic Fleet initiated the establishment of a special coastal radio station that would resolve problems of intelligence signals, with support and guidance of the Naval General Staff. In February 1915, the Minister of Marine decided to organize the Southern District of the Baltic Sea stations, with three officers (chief radio, 2 assistants) and 50 privates. In the spring of 1915 this station was organized on the southern coast of the Gulf near Cape Shpitgamn. Order of the Commander of the fleet number 308 of March 19, 1915, appointed as chief, Lieutenant P. A. Kolokoltsov. Later, in July 1915, P. A. Kolokoltsov replaced V. P. Przhilentsky / Przylencki, who served in the office until 1917; during February - April 1915 on the radio were appointed Lieutenant D. P. Izmalkov, V. I. Markov, O. O. Proffit and I. M. Yamchenko. According to experts in the field of radio intelligence, the radio station has successfully solved all the tasks assigned to it. It should be noted that in the decryption Bureau, with naval experts also participated representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In July 1915, were appointed Y. Pavlovich / Павлович and Б. Орлов / B. Orlov. And in early 1916, when appeared the first serious problems with deciphering of the German radio messages, caused by the introduction of new ciphers and a new signal book, here was specially sent one of the leading cryptologist E. Fetterleyn, with co-operation of the British radio intelligence service, sharing the most confidential information on signals intelligence and cryptanalysis. A documents suggest about such contacts with specialists of the French decryption service, by the beginning of the campaign in 1915; introduced on March 8, 1915 the new German code gamma - alpha was discovered two days later, a work headed by the radiotelegraphic officer I. I. Rengarten.

Ernst Constantin Fetterlein was born in St Petersburg in 1873 d. 1944, was a Russian cryptographer. The son of Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein, a German-language tutor, and Olga Fetterlein, née Meier. "She was almost certainly Jewish and so Ernst can certainly be counted as of Jewish origin". Above named Karl was a German-language instructor at the Saint Petersburg Military-Judicial Institute and director at the Imperial Public Library ca 1900.

Carl F. Fetterleyn or Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein born 1828 in Riga and died on 16.06.1902 in Gapsal / Haapsalu / Hapsala / Haapsal, Estonia (check Pushkin and von Gernet and Dunkel Baltic German families); was librarian; son of Prussian actor, until 1858 he studied at Tartu University, arriving to St. Petersburg, 1859 began teach at the 1st military Gymnasium / 1st Cadet Corps, to 1878.

The Pavlovsky Military School, since 1880. The friend of Schilder and M. Korf (for collecting materials about the life and reign of Nicholas I), also S. N. Urusov and I. D. Delianov. Actively participated in the work of F. and N. K. Schilder on collecting materials on the reign of Alexander I. He was closest assistant of M. A. Korf; the friend of Vladimir Stasov.
By L. A. Shilov for the National Library of Russia, 2011-2013. Ernst Constantin Fetterlein in 1896 joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became the chief cryptologist. Ernst was a cryptanalyst under Tsar Nicholas in his 'Black Cabinet' and reached the equivalent rank of admiral. During World War I, he was known as Ernst Popov; he solved German, Austrian and British codes. In 1917, Ernst Constantin Fetterlein fled to Western Europe with his wife on board a Swedish ship. He contacted the British and French intelligence services and on 9 March 1918 a letter to the Director of Naval Intelligence, Rear-Admiral Reginald Hall, the British naval attache in Helsingfors / Helsinki, from Captain W. H. Cromie in Petrograd, described Fetterlein as 'a cipher clerk in the Russian Foreign Office for twenty-five years' who came 'highly recommended'. Fetterlein began work for the British intelligence in June 1918; he was recruited to Room 40 to work on Georgian, Austrian and Bolshevik codes. After the end of World War I, he worked for the Government Code and Cypher School - worked on Soviet Communist traffic; his brother, P. K. Fetterlein, also worked for the Government Code and Cypher School.
See: Victor Madeira, 2004; Ralph Erskine, 2004; Stephen Budiansky, 2000; Michael Smith; Thomas R. Hammant; David Kahn and Budiansky, 2000.
Acc. to: A. V. Sinel'nikov, 'Codes and Russian revolutionaries': By the beginning of the World War I Russia had the strongest in the world decryption service, and some of its employees as a result of all the troubles were after October 1917 in the Entente countries. But we know that in the early 1920s, the Russian section of the British decryption service taken Ernest Fetterleyn, since 1897 leading cryptanalyst for the Committee of tsarist Foreign Ministry, in reading a diplomatic correspondence of hostile states. His superior was V. Sabanin.

A note on the Gernet family from Estland / Estonia:

Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder b. 1796 died 1862, her father Peter Woldemar Rehbinder b. 1757 d. 1823; her husband Alexander August von Gernet b. 1786 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia and died on October 5, 1865 in Lehhola. Lehola is a settlement in Keila Parish, Harju County in northwestern Estonia, 15 km south-west of Harku, and 18 km west of Saku. His father Carl Gustav von Gernet b. 1747 died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia.

Brothers of above Aleksander Gernet: Georg Gustav von Gernet 1780 - 1846, Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet 1792 - 1867, Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 who died on November 8, 1857 in Lauenhof, Podrala, Valdamaa / Valgamaa County, Estland / Estonia.

Son of above Karl Johann Gernet:

Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia.

His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son:
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864 - 1944, and

his mother Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie von Gernet (nee von Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt) 1833 - 1909, were near by the Pilchau Pilar family.

Brother of Rudolf: Richard Adolf von Gernet of 1863, known as Adolf, or Adolph. He was born on 14 April 1863 in Sellenkull / Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika; north-east of Haapsalu - 27 km, and south-west of Lehola. He was a graduate of the cathedral school / 'Domschule zu Reval' (a German-language institution, but it was closed in 1893) 1876 - 1881, and Dorpat in 1881-1886. He was a noted metallurgist after 'M. Inst. M.M.' that is the 'Institute of Mining and Metallurgy'. Adolf von Gernet worked in 'Privatlaboratoriums von Dr. Werner Siemans' in Berlin by Erik Thomson, where he was made ​​head of this laboratory of Werner von Siemens. In 1889 he built a gold wash in Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In 1892 he was representative of the company in America. Around 1895 he followed his brother Rudolf to South Africa where he was a Director of the 'Central Rand Gold Mine Ore Reduction Works'. He patented a process for extracting copper, which became known as Siemens-Halske electric precipitation process later. He presented a paper before the 'Society of Chemists and Metallurgists' in Johannesburg on electrical precipitation; von Gernet, representing the firm of Siemens & Halske, of Berlin, introduced the process in the Transvaal, and for several years it was extensively used. In the 1890s he studied with John Hays Hammond off the coast of Cape Town, the gold content in the sea water ('investigations off the coast of South Africa, not far from Capte Town, to determine the gold content of sea water in that place'). There was a 'Von Gernet Copper Company', but it was liquidated in October 1905. In 1898 he became the first Russian Vice Consul in Johannesburg. In 1901, he traveled through Peru and Bolivia. Later he was in Brussels. Acc. to me he back to Estonia / Russia 1906 ? - to 1917 ? He died on January 4, 1942 in Dingolfing, Bavaria. Adolph von Gernet married in 1898 Leonilla princess of Mestscherski with whom he had a daughter, Alexandra von Reitzenstein (1900-1965). Above Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864, as Rudolf. He was born on 30 December 1864 in Sellenkull, Poenal, Laanemaa, (Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km and south-west of Lehola) Estonia. A doctor, who was latterly appointed by the Boer authorities to superintend the hospital, by James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine Rosslyn. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet, migrated to South Africa in the late nineteen nineties together with his wife Olga Antoinette Vera von Dehn.

Rudolf Jakob von Gernet b. 1864 in Sellenküll (Seljaküla), d. 1944, was son of Magnus Friedrich and Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie; his children: Hedwig Alexandra and Hans Jürgen; his brothers and sisters: Hedwig Alexandrine Kitty, Johann Friedrich, Anna Julie, Richard Adolf (b. 1863, in Seljaküla / Sellenküll, 'Estonia' member, managing metallurgy), Hedwig Luise Elisabeth, Eva Natalie, Julie Alexandrine Sara Mühlen and Adam Richard Ernst von Gernet. He was Dr. med., lived in Pretoria, Transvaal.

Here in the text below I hid a certain curiosity of family history Konstantynowicz, one of the interesting facts on the life of our ancestry, the Gernet and the Pilar family / von Pilchau Pilar:

Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912, was the first boss - the Commodore Club - of the Estonian Marine Yacht Club, which was founded in 1888 (Eestimaa Meri Jaht-Klubi or Эстляндский морской яхт-клуб) and which began to operate in Haapsalu (address: Veskiviigi port, Holmi No 14, Haapsalu). The club's Admiral, an honorary position, was His Imperial Highness, The Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovitch.

Pilar von Pilchau family was owner of Enivere, a village in Martna Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia, north-east of Kiideva and Haeska; a village on the south-east of Haapsalu, also famous Karjaküla / Karjaküll, Haeska, and Palivere.

Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau (1841 - 1918), was mayor of Haapsalu in 1878.

On the Eestimaa Mere-jahtklubil Commodore in Haapsalu:

The Estonian Marine Yacht Club / German yacht club was the first to organize in Haapsalu and Tallinn in 1890, founded by the 'Baltic Sail Sport', became the Imperial Yacht Club.

The club had nine Commodore. The first was in Haapsalu - Rudolf Gernet, and he remained in that position for 24 years (Rudolf V. Gernet was Haapsalu Marine Yacht Club Commodore 1871-1878 acc. to others sources; or 13 December 1888 was elected to the club commodore Rudolph von Gernet in Haapsalu [Eestimaa Merejahtklubi]; who remained in office for the next 28 years!?) that is 1888 - to 1912. That is son of Karl Johann Gernet - Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet b. 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu (Carl Jacob Rudolph born in Neuenhof, son of Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul; he was brother of Julie Johanna von Kursell, Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen, Richard and Magnus Friedrich). Honorary members of the club have been crowned heads: Kristjan X, King of Denmark, Crown Prince Olaf of Norway and Prince Wilhelm of Sweden - the Duke of Södermanland.

Haapsalu was a small resort town in his time with the Estonian Yachting center; Foundation was held in December 1888, the club's office was located in a villa 'Friedheim', In 1897 the Estonian Marine Yacht Club had the center in Tallinn; the Board of Estonian Maritime Yacht Club went to Tallinn, but Haapsalu remained as an Department. In 1885 built villa 'Friedheim', where Katharina von Gernet organized chamber music evenings; had a rich library of music books. In the 1920s, the house rented August Hanko. The club was based in Haapsalu. In 1890 the club owned 12 sailboat, who organized his yacht anchorage in Tallinn.
In 1936 the Commodore was Voldemar Vau,

and the Harbor Master Mr. A. Jansen.

In the Parnu Marine Yacht Club acted Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau / Adolph Jacob Constantin (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu), who was the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu.

Friedrich Rudolf Hermann von Gernet, b. 1857 in Polve, Waimel, Voru, Estonia. Son of Richard von Gernet and Magdalene Pauline Charlotte von Stackelberg; his children: Ludwig Richard, Maguerite / Margarethe von Roth and Madeleine von Gernet; his brothers and sisters: Magdalene Molly, Olga, Adam Ludwig Richard, Marie Elisabeth Pauline Hedwig, Pauline Katharine Sophie, Johann Peter, Konstantin August Richard, Henriette Marie Luise.
Dr Rudolf Gernet died on 18 February 1893. He was living in Kiideva / Kiwidepäh, a village in the Ridala Parish (Jula Dunkel b. 1840 from the Ridala Parish, Lääne County and her father Kustas Dunkel b. 1814 from Haeska, 7 km east of Kiideva (Gernet) and south-east of Haapsalu), and lived in Pikkjärve - Karula (Langensee), east of Valga, close to the Latvia border. Dr. Rudolf Gernet of Kiideva / Kiwidepäh that is Friedrich Rudolf Hermann von Gernet b. June 26, 1857 in Polve, Waimel, Võru, eastern Estonia. His son Ludwig Richard von Gernet born in Hapsal (Haapsalu), but his two daughters were born in Sompa (Sompäh) / Сомпа - east of Rakvere, eastern Estonia.


At margin on the history of the Yacht Club in Pärnu (Pärnu Sail Club, 1908 - the Pärnu Yacht Club):
it was proposed by a Russia Navy officers, led by Chief of Harbor, Dmitri Lukhmanov / Luhmanov on June 21st, 1906. Dmitri Lukhmanov was elected to be the first Commodore, three yachts were registered - Nora, Pai and Anna in 1907. On March 28th, 1908, William Bett was elected Commodore (acted Dmitri Lukhmanov and Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, Country Marshal of the Livonian Knighthood, the owner of the Audru / Audern, estate - 8 km west of Parnu).

Protestant Cemetery, Rome (or Napoli / Neapol): Stone 1202, inf. on death in Neapol, 1896: Cecyl Mariano born = native Pilar Pilchau (Cecilia / Cecylia Mariano Pilar von Pilchau died 29th December 1896 in Italy, Neapol; Марьяно Сесилия Ливония from Аудерн, the Лифляндская government, b. 1847.01.21, see: Genealogisches Handbuch der Baltischen Ritterschaften. Teil Estland, Band II, Gorlitz). She was born on January 21, 1847 in Audern, close to Parnu, Livonia. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Charlotte Julie Pila von Pilchau; Ada Pilar von Pilchau (Helene Bertha Johanna Adele von Gruenewaldt 1853-1889); Theodor Gustav Otto Peter Pilar von Pilchau; and Hilda Pilar von Pilchau. We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano - a church history professor at the University of Naples. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor of the University of Naples. Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna von Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt). That is on Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847–1896), from Italian cementery. The first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar. Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Gorki was living on Capri Island (Lenin and Dzierzynski were here). Capri is close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani - was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW.

Data on Мариано / Mariano Mariani (born in Capua, ca 35 km north of Napoli): his book: 'Il fatto cooperativo nell'evoluzione sociale', Bologna, 1906. The Mariani family genealogy:

A. in FLORENTIA: Palace of La Giostra was never finished, after the death of the last of the family of dell'Antella the old palace passed to the Biagi, and then to the Delia Stufa, it now belongs to Signor Mariani. B. Bartolomeo Mariani, provost of Sant'Angelo, canon of Rieti.

C. Below data under copyright by geni.com:

1. ALESSANDRO Mariani, b. 1853, Cetona, Siena, Tuscany (north of Roma), Italy; son of DOMENICO Mariani and VIOLANTE Buoni (VIOLANTE Buoni, b. 1824, daughter of SILVESTRO Buoni and CATERINA, wife of DOMENICO Mariani, mother of SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani [SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani b. 1849 in Cetona, Sienna, Tuscany; husband of SAVINA Saracini and ROSA Basili, father of DOMENICO Mariani], ALESSANDRO Mariani and NATALE Mariani), husband of ANNUNZIATA Baglioni, father of RAFFAELLO Mariani (this RAFFAELLO Mariani, b. on November 25, 1882 in Cetona, Sienna, Tuscany, son of ALESSANDRO Mariani and ANNUNZIATA Baglioni, husband of CESIRA Roghi, father of CORRADO Mariani and ANNA Mariani; copyright by MASSIMO Cinelli on January 24, 2012 at geni.com); brother of SABATINO Giovanni Battista Mariani and NATALE Mariani; Copyright by: MASSIMO Cinelli in 2012 at geni.com. 2. DOMENICO Mariani, b. 1817 in Chianciano Terme, Sienna (north of Roma), Tuscany, Italy; he was son of GIUSEPPE Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, husband of VIOLANTE Buoni. Brother of LUIGI Mariani; copyright by MASSIMO Cinelli at http://www.geni.com/people/GIUSEPPE-Mariani/. 3. GIUSEPPE Mariani b. 1747 / 1801, son of GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani and ANNA Finocchi Balestrieri?; husband of MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, brother of ANGIOLA Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 4. GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani b. 1719 / 1779, husband of ANNA Finocchi Balestrieri?; father of ANGIOLA Mariani; GIUSEPPE Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 5. Above GIUSEPPE Mariani father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, brother of ANGIOLA Mariani and FRANCESCO Mariani. 6. Above GIUSEPPE Mariani, son of GIOVANNI BATTISTA Mariani and ANNA Finocchi (Balestrieri?), husband of MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, father of LUIGI Mariani and DOMENICO Mariani, 7. Above LUIGI Mariani b. 1802, son of GIUSEPPE Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Canapini, husband of MADDALENA Grinchi and ASSUNTA Mariotti; father of ASSUNTA Mariani; CAROLINA Mariani; SANTI Mariani; PIETRO Mariani and MARIA DOMENICA Mariani; brother of DOMENICO Mariani. And on above Santi Mariani: b. on November 11, 1843 in Cetona, Siena, Tuscany, son of LUIGI Mariani and MADDALENA Grinchi, husband of MARGHERITA Basili, father of ENRICHETTA Mariani; brother of ASSUNTA Mariani; CAROLINA Mariani and PIETRO Mariani, half brother of MARIA DOMENICA Mariani. We know about Agostino MARIANI, b. 1809 in Borgotaro, Parma, Italy, brother of Antonio MARIANI b. 1816 (by GMS in 2009 and by Anderson) and second brother b. 1805 / 1820?!. And next branch: Adamo Mariani, b. between 1709 and 1769, husband of Crisandra, father of Gaetano Mariani and Rosa Mariani. This Gaetano Mariani, b. 1775, d. 1854, father of Pasquale Mariani (no other data); Giuseppe Cesar Mariani (private inf.) and Filippo Angiolo Giuseppe Mariani (no other inf.). Copyright by Tina Rossi on March 4, 2009 at geni.com.

Raphael Mariano, wrote in International Journal of Ethics, No 4, 1894. MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, an error which no administration has yet to be corrected; b. in Capua, on September 5, 1840 - d. Florence, 1912; was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera, took philosophy and the history of religions; professor of Church History at the University of Naples 1885-1904; oriented towards the interpretation of Hegel, as a philosopher can be placed together with his teacher in the trend established in the second half of the nineteenth century that called orthodox Hegelianism, that 'philosophy must be ensured by religion'; Benedetto Croce, responds harshly to the arguments proposed by Mariano on the 6th number of 1908 the 'Criticism. Magazine of Literature, history and Philosophy'; 1864 in a debate on the the death penalty, as his teacher Augusto Vera. The hometown of the philosopher, Capua. Italian Encyclopedia (1934) by Guido Calogero: MARIANO, Raphael, scholar of philosophy and the history of religions, born in Capua 1840, died in Florence in 1912. From 1885 to 1904 he was professor of church history at the University of Naples. Follower of Hegelianism in southern Italy, was in fact animated by a tendency of Eclectic, which on the one hand drew him to the Christian faith and the other left him between Catholicism and Protestantism; among his writings are: Lassalle ..., The individual and the state, The return to Kant and neo-Kantians, Buddhism and Christianity, Francis and some of his most recent biographers, Judaism, paganism, Roman Empire; The conversion of the pagan world to Christianity; Christianity in the first centuries; Pope, the clergy and the Church in Italy; Around the Church's history.

Georg Lukács in 1936 wrote 'Eulogy for Maxim Gorky: A Great Proletarian Humanist', that: '...The last great writer of the European galaxy of realists is dead. And with him died the first great classic writer of Socialist realism. ... however, Gorky’s style differs fundamentally from that of Tolstoy. Gorky inherited Tolstoy’s broad view of the world, ... of which Hegel spoke, and which results in the world also taking a 'reasonable view' of such men...'. 'Hegel, Freedom and the Ideological Roots of Soviet Foreign Policy', by IGOR LUKES: "...In the preface to the Science of Logic, Hegel wrote, 'If it is remarkable when a nation loses its constitutional theory ... it is certainly no less remarkable when a nation loses its metaphysics'. In this article, Mr. Lukes examines the Hegelian notion offreedom and traces its development in the writings of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Lukacs. ... On November 7, 1917, reports Gorki, both Lenin and Trotsky were already poisoned with the venom of power, and this was 'evidenced by their shameful attitude toward freedom of speech, the individual, and the sum total of those'. ... Maxim Gorki, Untimely Thoughts, ed. New York, p. 83. Hegel, Phenomenology, p. 377. ... The new leaders, as the Romanov government before them, 'seize and drag off to prison all those who think differently'. Hegel noticed that antiquity saw wisdom and virtue in living 'in accordance with the customs of one's own nation'. Lenin, on the other hand, came to impose his will upon it. Gorki writes: 'The working class cannot fail to understand that Lenin is only performing a certain experiment on their skin and on their blood, that he is striving to push the revolutionary mood of the proletariat to its furthest extreme and see - what will come of this?' Life, in all its complexity, warns Gorki, is unknown to Lenin, who is not without the psychological traits of a Russian nobleman. The anarchy does not disturb Lenin; he has learned from his books how to raise masses on their hind legs. 'The working class,' concludes Gorki, 'is for Lenin what ore is for a metalworker ... What does Lenin risk if the experiment should fail?' ... Gyorgy Lukacs was a true philosopher and also a brilliant practitioner of an important art: survival in Stalin's Russia as well as in Nagy's government. His Hegelian roots are well known; some of his works are quite serious, honest, and scholarly. Sadly, however, an equally voluminous part of his production is less serious...".

Richard Ernst Adam von Gernet, Fridrichovic, that is son of Friedrich von Gernet and Katheerin von Gruenewaldt, was born on 17.8.1878 / 29.8.1878 in Kiwidepäh and d. on 1.7.1944 in Hamburg; and his wife: Jul. Marg. Bar. Maydell b. on 22.6.1882 in Mitau.


Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870. He returned to independent Estonia in 1923. Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough. Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, nickname Alf, b. in Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa. His wife Julie Olga Eugenie von der Pahlen born in Pleskau or Pskow / Pihkva in 1865, her mother Helene Charlotte Louise von der Pahlen nee von Toll 1833 - 1910, and her grandmother Olga Karoline Olga von Toll nee von Strandman 1796 - 1861, her brother Karl Gustav von Strandmann 1787 - 1855, and her sister Wilhelmine Charlotte von Ungern-Sternberg nee von Strandmann 1785 - 1813. The son of above Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau was Adolf Constantin Theodor Baron Pilar von Pilchau born in Sauga, Pärnumaa in 1885; the daughter Olga Marie Hildegard Bertha Pilar von Pilchau b. 1886 and her sons Nikolaus Eduard Roderic Adolf and Friedrich Adolf Walther Konstantin. Olga's Marie Hildegard Bertha Pilar von Pilchau husband: Charles Wilhelm Eduard von Lillenfeld b. 1880 in Kehtna, Rapla County, Estonia. The sister of above Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau was Johanna Sophie Konstanze von Keyserling nee Pilar von Pilchau 1856 - 1925.

The father of Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, born and died in Audru / Audern, 1814 - 1870.
Grandfather Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814,
has brothers:
1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830

(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801.
Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1767 in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia.
Jogisoo (Jogisuu) ca 3 km south-west of Kullamaa, south-east-east of Haapsalu, Läänemaa county. But we know about different Jöggis, ca 5 and 1/2 km south from Saue, and south-west of Saku, also ca 7 km south-east of Keila and east of Lehola.
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik
north - east of Tallinn or rather
south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757),

2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jogisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and 3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - died 1819 in Reval / Tallinn. They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar: Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Above named Adolf Pilar von Pilchau in 1881 rented Sauga in Pärnu County, Estonia and took out a lease production of potato vodka under the name 'Audru'. Acc. to Wikipedia, the political career he started in 1876 in Pärnu region as the parish judge; 1878 the supervision of the district judge and the Pärnu / Pernau city councillor in 1879; he was elected a member of the Livonian Noble Corporation in 1882, and in 1899 he became a church curator of Livonia, Pärnu and Viljandi; 1902 he became also an economic Livonia president. In 1884 married to Julie Olga Eugenie / Jenny von der Pahlen born in Pleskau in 1865; Julie Eugenie von der Pahlen was daughter of the Pskov governor, Konstantin Magnus von der Pahlen; their four children: Adolf Konstantin Theodor von Pilar Pilchau 1885-1958, Olga von Pilar Pilchau, Friedrich von Pilar Pilchau 1888-1914 and Andreas von Pilar Pilchau; 1891 - 1906 they moved to more spacious home close to Parnu. 1905 Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was in Petersburg; 1906 relocated to Riga and Livonia, and he moved to Riga; 1908-1918 he was the land marshal of the Livonian knighthood to carry out economic and administrative reforms, 1912 he was elected to the Supreme Council from the Baltic provinces of Russia as a representative member, to share life in Riga and St. Petersburg; 1915 the Russian soldiers of Pavel Rodzjanko raided his house in Pärnu; 1916 he was living in Tartu and Riga. In April 1917, he performed his duties for the last time in St. Petersburg. After 3 September 1917 in Riga he participated in negotiations with the German occupation authorities to restore the power of knighthood, which failed. In July 1918, he resigned from the office. On 12 April 1918 it was sent a joint petition of Estonia, Livonia, Courland nobility on the creation of the Duchy, and on 22 September 1918 an independence was recognized by the emperor and the Baltic Duchy was formed in November 1918 - he was the regent of the United Baltic Duchy in 1918. On 3 January 1919 Adolf Pilar von Pilchau escaped on a ship from Riga to Stettin, and he lived in Berlin. 1923 returned to Estonia but his estate in Pärnu had already been nationalized. Removed to Tallinn, died 17 June 1925, and was buried in Audru.


Genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Роман Людвиг Пилар фон Пильхау / Ромуальдас-Людвикас Адольфович Пилляр фон Пильхау. Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau / Roman Pilljar / Romuald Pilar von Pilchau / Romuald Ludwig von Pilar Pilchau, born 1894 in Mickuny close to Wilno / Vilnius. 1905 to September 1910 - Vilnius secondary school, followed by Zurich in real school (1910 - 1911), where he graduated in 1911. In September of the same year, he continued study in Kuressaare Gymnasium. When German troops occupied the Saaremaa, Pilar von Pilchau evacuated to the Yaroslavl Province.
Some details of the genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau:
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt /  Schilling von Canstadt, von  Pillar-Pilchau, Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811.
Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:
Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.
Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871 (that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia, father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army) in Wilno; his son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska

(from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806),

she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.

Counts Pilar von Pilchau of the Wilno province: Stanislaw owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, his wife Januszewska Zofia - relatives of Feliks Dzierzynski. His father - Aleksander (1871). And unknown: Fiodor Pilar von Pilchau (1835 - died ?). Major of the Russian Army in 1859, Czeczelnik, Olhopol and Balta = Józefgród, under command of colonel Kozlianinow.
The Vilnius Bernardine Cemetery, Lithuania (genealogia.okiem.pl), 1. Zofija Pilar fon Pilchau (? - 1898); 2. Wilhelmina Matulaitis Mackiewicz died in 1962 at the age of 95, good Bolshevik, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, her daughter Aldona died in 1986, widow executed by firing squad Janisie Bruninsz, she lived more than 85; Aldona's son - Volodar (Darik) died in 1990; her daughter Aldona (Ada), the Lithuanian writer, lives in Vilnius. Tombs of the Matulaitis family are at the Vilnius cemeteries: Wilhelmina Idalia Marozzeti. 3. Pilar von Pilchau: Alexandra von Pilar Pilchau, died 25 October 1901 and her sister Wilunia 1866-1872, died Jan. 1, 1872; Pilar Kulwinska Joanna, died in 1876. Izabella Pilar von Pilchau Kulwinska, died in 1891, aged 83. Zofija Pilar von Pilchau died January 28, 1898 (sister of buried in the same cemetery Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, deceased in 1896); Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, judge of the border in the county of Vilnius, died in 1871 (grandfather of Roman Pilar). Pilar Pilchau Henryk, 1818 - 2.VI.1876.

From Mickuny / Mickūnai of the Becu family and the Pilar Pilchau property (near by Terlecki, Ozieblowski, Januszewski, Dzierzynski and Pilsudski families), to Zalesie / Zalesse / Залесье of the Oginski family - close to Smorgon / Smargon / Smorgonie - is ca 60 km to south-east.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century the property Mickuny belonged to August Becu (1771-1824) - Professor of Medicine at the Imperial University of Vilnius (he was in Scotland 1803 - 1804), the second husband of the Salome / Salomea Slowacki, the mother of the famous poet Juliusz Slowacki (he was next in Switzerland in the years 1834-1835).

In the Part III of Adam Mickiewicz's 'Forefathers' Augustas Ludvikas Bekiu (1771—1824) served as a 'Doctor'. August Bécu as a professor and board member of the University of Vilnius was received by the Adam Mickiewicz, as a traitor and collaborator of Senator Nikolai Nowosilcow. In 1832, Juliusz Slowacki, after reading Part III of 'Dziady' / 'Forefathers', believed that a presentation of his stepfather is unfair and defamatory; he wanted to challenge to a duel with Adam Mickiewicz; and it ended up mutual dislike of poets. In response Juliusz Slowacki in 1834 had wrote 'Kordian' - drama.

Probably about 1815 Mickuny / Mickūnai became the property of Alexander Pillar von Pilchau / Pilar Pilchau, then judge of the district of Vilnius. Alexander Pillar, in Mickuny in 1826 built a new chapel. In the mid-nineteenth century Mickuny / Mickunai belonged to Stanislaw Pillar, the son of Alexander. 1923 owner of Mickuny - next Alexander Pillar.

But his brother, Roman Pillar (1895-1937) before World War I, began to study law at the University of St. Petersburg, where he was soon involved with the Bolsheviks activity of Felix Dzierżyński.

See: Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918). Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1851 - 1925, b. in Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland.

Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау
born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin:

Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein;

фон Людер / Luder died 1857;

Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779;

Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Bekiu / Becu;

1798 m. to Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан; Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838; фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779; фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919; фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.

On the Dziershynski / Dzierzhynsky / Dzierzynski family:
"...I say that not only Slovatsky, but Roman Pilar, and Dzerzhinsky on this stone had sat and dreamed himself of liberty, equality and fraternity. ... Roman's mother, Helena Pilarowa / Helena Pilar. She lived deep in old age. Halina Radkiewicz, a resident of Mickuny remembers it well. Pilar Helena, the wife of Count Alexander. The Pilar count's title is not used. Von Pilchau survived on the tombstones of the cemetery. I wrote not Pilhau, but Pilchau. A very decent family. Alexander, has three names, but only use the first name. Helena Joanna nee Krzywiec. Alexander and Helena were married in 1890. In 1894 (or 1895), was born their first-born, Roman. And then gave birth to his younger brothers. It is common in human memory that was still two. Well, Roman had three brothers. The youngest was named Marian, Marys ... All the boys were very well, very capable, with the exception of the latter. Marys / Marian Pilar Pilchau was a child of bad health, mentally ill and died at the age of ten years. The boys were brought up in the spirit of patriotism, a Catholic, even though their father, Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, was a Lutheran. The Lutheran, but two of his houses gave for the use of the Roman Catholic Church rectory. In education the greatest influence has mother, Helena Pilar, loved by all three sons. It's true, Roman Pilchau von Pilar was definitely under the influence of his uncle, Felix Dzerzhinsky. Because it was a family. The sister of Dzerzhinsky's mother, Zofia Januszewski, married to Stanislaus Pilar of Mickuny. Stanislaw Pilar - the father of Alexander, the grandfather of Roman. ... The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland. Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed. Halina Radkiewicz a long time worked in a school as a teacher. Conducted historical museum. And all of this museum was from Pilar Helena, mother of Roman. They were together in good contacts. Pilar gave her the souvenirs. Halina Radkiewicz all this gave to the school... Old, historic photographs from the nineteenth and early twentieth century, signed by famous photograp names in Vilnius / Vilna, FLEURY, and the last letters written to his mother by Roman. ... On July 20, 1926, news of the death of the Iron Felix went around the whole of Russia, and soon the world. With a significant delay (26 July 1926) also reported on the Cracow 'Time': "He died suddenly in Moscow, one of the most famous actors of the Bolshevik revolution and the most prominent of Lenin Soviet governments, Felix Dzerzhinsky, of Polish origin. He was a man uncommonly clever...". The sudden death of Felix Dzerzhinsky aroused a wave of rumors about unnatural character. ... about suicide. A murder or poisoning. Conducted the autopsy showed a general slowing of the blood vessels, and death due to heart aneurism. The ruling was signed by a few most prominent Moscow doctors and professors. ... the French Prime Minister, Edouard Herriot in 1922, visited Moscow and Warsaw. In Warsaw, met with Jozef Pilsudski, which also spoke about Dzerzhinsky... The niece of Winston Churchill, a young English aristocrat, sculptress Clare Sheridan in October 1920 went secretly to Soviet Russia to sculpt Lenin and Dzerzhinsky. When the family learned of her intentions, she became enraged. Winston Churchill said that he would not talk to her. Clare returned to England. In 1921, in London wrote the book 'Russian portraits', and seven years later in New York, '... truth'. In her memoirs, Dzerzhinsky appears to be extremely interesting, handsome man... The second wife of Pilar Roman was supposedly Polish woman exceptionally beautiful. Pilar had with her two children (born 1927 and 1932). In Moscow, the Pilars often were in the company of the Wilno girls. Apolonia and Bronislawa Kozlowski. ... Bronisława Kozłowska (document dated March 30, 1967). She came from a peasant family. She was a few years younger than Pilar (born December 9, 1898). What's been doing in Vilnius during the First World War ... In 1918, she met members of the Bolshevik illegal organization. It was the family of Joseph Lickiewicz. He was a shoemaker, he worked at home, had three sons - John, Mieczyslaw and Stefan. Also met Elena and Anna Drabowicz. ...met a young Vilnius residents, Joseph Adamowicz, Stanislaus Kobak and Albina Ejdukiewicz, the daughter of Francis Ejdukiewicz / Eidukevičius ... June 20, 1919, after the treatment... Jan Lickiewicz, Joseph Adamowicz / Adasiek, Roman Pillar / Pilar Pilchau, the son of Alexander ('Romuald'), Constantine Kiernowicz and Albina Ejdukiewicz, the daughter of Francis. At the end of 1919 in December as a first was transported to exchange Roman Pilar and Constantine Kiernowicz. ... Kiernowicz Constantine was born in 1887 in Vilnius. He came from a working class family. He was a good carpenter. From early youth sympathized with the revolutionary movement... In 1905 he was a board member of the carpenters union in Vilnius. Soon was among the Polish socialists, ... It is known, however, that since 1918, after returning from Russia Roman Pilar and Kiernowicz were a close associate. He and Pilar will be a delegate to the congress of the party. In 1922 Kiernowicz acted in Minsk GPU, so again, along with Pilar. He worked there until 1930. And suddenly in 1931 Kiernowicz is already in Rostov-on-Don, works there as an ordinary carpenter. In 1937, Constantine Kiernowicz is arrested and charged with espionage to a foreign country (Poland) ... Shot him in Rostov on September 11, 1938. On March 28, 1937 or May 16, 1937 was arrested Roman Pilar? ...after all, in the years 1915-1917 he studied law at the University of Petrograd (earlier studies in Estonia and Switzerland). Particularly puzzling mistake is the birthplace of Roman Louis Pilar / Roman Ludwik Pilar Pilchau. Sources of Soviet special services provide Vilnius. Lithuanian encyclopedias, on Romanas Liudvikas Pileris that was born in Poland, in Łapy (Bialystok province). The year of birth. The sources of Soviet secret police: 08/08/1894. The Lithuanian Soviet encyclopedias: 08/08/1895. I believe to the Lithuanian Soviet encyklopedia. Bialystok lie near by Krzywice - a family estate of Louis Roman mother's: Pilar / Pilarowa Helen (nee Krzywiec). Roman Pilar, shot on September 2, 1937 and was buried in Kommunarskie NKVD headquarters in Moscow. The nephew of Felix Dzerzhinsky, spy since 1920, and later from 1935 the Soviet general. The head of the NKVD in Saratov, who speaks five languages ​​fluently (including German). ... Kiernowicz was removed in 1930 from Minsk. Earlier, a year after the death of Dzerzhinsky, was killed in unfortunate circumstances, Joseph Opański, which Pilar worked together. JOSEPH OPAŃSKI (aka Juozas Opanskis). Born in Onikszty in Lithuania. He joined the Bolshevik Party in Petrograd in 1916. He met there at that time a student Pilar. In 1918 Opański returned to Lithuania, where, together with Pilar formed the Bolshevik party structure. In 1921, Felix Dzerzhinsky sent him together with Jonas Gruodis to Minsk. Opański Joseph died in 1927, in a car accident. ARTHUR Nowicki (aka Kazys Naujokaitis). He was about a year (or two) younger than Pilar. Born in 1896 in the village Auszkadary in Lithuania. He came from a peasant family. Doctor. He studied medicine at Dorpat, where he met Roman Pilar. In May 1917 Nowicki was in Minsk, where he drew the revolutionary movement. In 1918, in Minsk. Nowicki - Naujokaitis - Nowickij working within the structures of the GPU in Minsk, moved to Novosibirsk, then to Tashkent. In 1934 arrives to Saratov. It is not known whether Pilar pulled him there, whether it was the opposite. In 1937 he was arrested, August 21 - shot. ... (Others figures) A close associate of Dzerzhinsky - Stanislaw Pestkowski, Soviet agent and diplomat. In the great purge, Bolesław Przybyszewski (son of writer Stanislaw Przybyszewski). ... November 7, 1988 published an article of 1919, when Pilar Pilchau Roman came at the hands of Polish legionnaires. During the exchange of political prisoners was given him to sign a document that he has no pretensions to the Polish Foreign Ministry. He signed, and shortly afterwards, when Pilar worked in the Soviet Union, reported to him a man from Poland, and pointed him to the last sentence in the document, in which he - Pilar - undertook to submit the information to the Polish intelligence. ... Who was born August 8, 1894 in Vilnius and was arrested on 28 March 1937 in Saratov, or - who was born on August 8, 1895 in Łapy, in the province of Bialystok and was arested in the Saratov May 16, 1937? The text of Danguoli Repšiene (written in 1988), say to us, on a document confirming Roman Pilar death. On what basis Roman Pilar in 1957 was rehabilitated? ... The Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol 3, ed. 1968, given the date of death of Roman Pilar / Romanas Pileris - September 2, 1937 and the similarly specified, where he died - in Moscow. As published in Vilnius, 1978, by the same publishing house Mintis, in Volume 3, the date of death - September 2, 1937. There is also a word that Pileris was rehabilitated...".

All above according to Alwida A. Bajor.
And details:

Alexandra von Pilar Pilchau, died October 25, 1901 and her sister Wilunia, died January 1, 1872;

Pilar Joanna nee Kulwiński, died in 1876.

Izabella Pilar von Pilchau Kulwiński, died in 1891, aged 83 years.

Zofija Pilar von Pilchau died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896.

Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar!
Father of Roman Pilar, died Oct. 12, 1939.

Александр Карл Пилар фон Пильхау born 1802, in Wilno / Вильнюс, was married to Ионна Станиславовна Кульвинска /
Joanna nee Kulwinska daughter of Stanislaw Kulwinski
(Kulwiński with the Bończa coat of arms was living in 1819 in Wilno; Kulwiński Antoni, 1810-28 in Wilno; and Kulwinski in Jaminy, close to Augustow, Russia 1759-1800; in Suwałki; from 1584 in Kulwy in the Wilno province).
His mother
Maria Cecylia von Bécu
/ Мария Цецилия фон Бекю and father Магнус or Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born 1768. His grandfather Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау born 1734, married 1756 in Tallinn / Ревель, to Катарина Хелена фон Таузас. Place of living: Халлик and Йоггис; Hagar / Hallik in Tamsalu, Estonia, county of Laane-Viru, south-west of Rakvere - eastern Eesti.

Bécu: Augustas Ludvikas Bekiu / August Ludwik Becu /
August Ludwik Bécu b. 1771
in Grodno, his father - Jan Ludwik Bécu, in 1775 noble family, mother Karolina nee Hein.

August Ludwik Bécu owner of Mickuny, married
ca 1800 to von Pilar Pilchau 1770-1816,
and has two daughters: Aleksandra Mianowski nee Becu 1804-1832, closest friend of
Juliusz Słowacki,
and Hersylia Januszewski 1808-1872, m.

Teofil Januszewski, brother of Salomea - mother of poet Juliusz Słowacki.

August Ludwik Bécu in August 1818 married second time to Salomea Słowacki, when Juliusz Slowacki aged 8.
August Ludwik Becu was sent in 1803 - 1804 from (Russia) the Vilna University to Scotland (UK) to investigate smallpox vaccination.

Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814, has brothers:

1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830
(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757),
2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jogisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland,
and 3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn.
They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

On October 12, 1826 in Mickuny consecrated a chapel built by Alexander Pilar. The ceremony was attended, among others, by Juliusz Slowacki with his sisters Hersylia and Aleksandra Becu.

Romuald Roman baron Pilar Pilchau, Sept. 1905 in Wilno, Zurich, Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland government, Даниловo / Danilovo in the Jaroslav government.

Above Arensburg:
Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland. Johanna Apollonie / Polly Pilar von Pilchau 1820, died in Arensburg, lived in Orriküll or Oriküla, ca 55 km north-east of Parnu. Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781, died 1860 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), his father Georg Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau 1748 died 1804 in Kergel (Kärla), Ösel (Saaremaa). Grandfather died in Hafik - Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau (1720 - 1771). Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 died 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal). His children: Annette Luise Pilar von Pilchau in Haapsalu (Hapsal), 1881, but next child Marie Dagmar Pilar von Pilchau born in Lääne County in 1887, and Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau in Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, in 1887. Hedwig Luise von Sass nee Pilar von Pilchau 1818 - 1852 from Sandel (Sandla), Ösel (Saaremaa), died in 1852 in Arensburg (Kuressaare). On the Stadtschule in Arensburg is a book.
Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, his sons: Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau b. 1887 in Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, Estonia, and next son Karl (Charly) Alexander Pilar von Pilchau b. 1871 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, and them sister for example Marie Dagmar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1881 from Sternberg, Lääne County. Pilar v. Pilchau, Reinhold Friedrich, Landmarschall, born in Wolde (Ösel) in 1781, and died in Arensburg 1860.
Pilar Roman / ПИЛЛЯР РОМАН АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ (РОМУАЛЬД ФОН ПИЛЬХАУ) in Arensburg / Аренсбург on Saaremaa Island, September 1911 to March 1917. Ösel-Wiek was also known as Osilia and Rotalia - modern Saaremaa and Läänemaa. Famous persons: 1813 - 1816, Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau; Peter von Buxhoeveden; Alexander von Nolcken; von Güldenstubbe; von Ditmar; Nolcken, von Aderkas, von Loringhoven, von Ekesparre and 1906 - 1919 Axel Baron Buxhöveden, last Swedish Landmarschälle. The Baltic Provinces are formally transferred to German authority by Russia in 1918 following the Treaties of Brest-Litovsk and of Berlin. Power is transferred to a new council for the island on 18 November 1918. The von Gernet family was in Harju County, more in Lehole, Kostivere, Salajoe and Vaemla. The Baltic German historian Axel von Gernet (1865-1920), or Konrad Axel von Gernet from Sallentack (Salutaguse / 2 km east of Kohila, 19 km south-east of Saku), Raplamaa, Estland, died 1920 in St. Petersburg. He was writing on the history of Arensburg. His wife Magdalene Marie Olga Freiin von Tiesenhausen b. 1868. His son Wilhelm Oskar von Gernet b. 1900 from St Petersburg. His brother Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet b. 1867 in Sallentack (Salutaguse); and his father Adam Oskar von Gernet b. 1834 - 1908, from Tallinn. Author Gernet, Axel von, 'Forschungen zur Geschichte des baltischen...', ed in Hannover, on Teutonic Knights, Harju area in Estonia. Johanna Apollonie (Polly) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1820 - 1880 in Arensburg. Her father Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860. Grandfather Georg Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau 1748 - 1804, great-grandfather Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau 1720 - 1771. Hedwig Luise von Sass nee Pilar von Pilchau 1818 - 1852 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), Estland. Her father Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860. Reinhold Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1781 - 1860 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Ösel (Saaremaa), Estland. Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia. His son born February 28, 1887 in (Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau) Kuressaare (Arensburg), Saaremaa, Estonia. Louise Christine von Rehbinder / Luise Christine von Rehbinder b. circa 1764 and d. on March 24, 1827 in Narwa / Narva; she has four husbands: Wilhelm Droßmann, Otto von Rehbinder, Georg Gustav von Ditmar and Carl Gustav von Gernet; her father! - Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, b. circa 1706 and d. on June 17, 1775 in Arensburg / Kuressaare in Saaremaa and her grand-father acc. to Reet Laherand: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. ? died ca. 1745 and her grand-mother Anna Elisabeth nee von Poorten, d. 1720.
Several genealogical family connections between families Rehbinder and Gernet, and Arensburg, Saku and Lehola in this configuration: on 6 March 1865 between the Lord Captain Alezander Gernet / Alexander Gernet (Alexander August von Gernet 1786 - 1865, born and died in Lehhola / Lehola; his wife died in Lehola - Natalie Praskowia Rehbinder 1796 - 1862) - as owner of the property in the Harri / Harrifchen or (Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland) Harjumaa county, Keila parish, close to Lehola - and the farmer Tönnis Elling concluded agreement on the sold on 20 April 1865. And agreement between Gernet and the farmer Karel Keippar on the site Wanna Iürri, as owner of the property in the Harri / Harrifchen close to Lehola. Captain Alexander von Gernet and the farmer Hans Limberg on the site Old (?) concluded decreed, as owner of the property in the Harrifchen / Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, close to Lehola. Konrad Axel von Gernet b. 1865 in Sallentack / Salutaguse - ca 19 km south-east of Saku, Raplamaa, died February 5, 1920 in St. Petersburg; his son Wilhelm Oskar von Gernet was born in St Petersburg in 1900; his daughter Magdalene Charlotte Sperrlingk nee von Gernet was born in Tartu / Dorpat in 1896. His father Adam Oskar von Gernet (1834 - 1908), grandfather Hans Moritz von Gernet (1775 - 1860) and sister of the grandfather - Auguste Luise von Rehbinder (von Gernet) b. 1772 - 1851: her husband Johann Bernhard / Ivan Vladimirovich von Rehbinder (1760 - 1819); father of this husband: Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder b. 1706 - died 1775 in Arensburg (Kuressaare), Saaremaa, and grandfather of this husband: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. 1685.


Julian Bulhak
and Aldona Dzierzynski Kojallowicz Bulhak at the Bobruisk region


Now we back to Feliks Dzierzynski:

Besides Felix Dzierzynski was still six sons and three daughters. The youngest brother, Witold, died in childhood. Stanislaw, a biologist and manager of the court, death at the hands of marauders in 1917. Wladyslaw, was a famous neurologist and psychiatrist. Captured in 1942, shot in Zgierz. Casimir, who was killed with his wife in 1943. Fifth of the brothers, Ignatius / Ignacy Dzierzynski, died in 1953, at the age of 73. The younger sister, Jadwiga - we do not know anything more than that she died in 1949. Aldona who was always support for Feliks Dzierzynski. Aldona, whose son was adjutant of Jozef Pilsudski!

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living in the Bobruisk district, near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (he was born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).

Wanda had died as a result of an inadvertent shot, but acc. to Hedwig Żukowska, neighbor of Dzierżyński and future wife of General Sosnkowski, shot gave Felix. Feliks Dzierzynski basic education received at home. So the first teachers of Felix was his father and sister Aldona. The situation changed in 1883, when their father died (1882), Edmund. Aldona was sister of Witold Dzierżyński, Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska, Stanisław Dzierżyński, Kazimierz Dzierżyński, Feliks Dzierżyński. Acc. to Andrzej Hennel in 2010.

Stalin still a few years after the death of Feliks Dzierzynski, given to him the Trotsky name.

Hit in a table, and scissors ... - Polish proverb says. A biography of Felix Dzerzhinsky, written by Sylvia Frolov, will be released in August 2012 in the Cracow publisher 'Znak', said in 'New Poland: Social and political and literary monthly', No 2 (138) in February 2012, by Helena Shimanskaya. But two years later, Onet.pl on 26 January, 2014, wrote that Sylwia Frolov '...expected that my book will trigger a sharp controversy. From the very beginning I had to deal with such reactions...'. "Dzerzhinsky. Love and Revolution", by Sylvia Frolov is an attempt a new look at one of the most terrifying person of the first half of the twentieth century. Broadcast prepared by Bartosz Panek on 31.01.2014, at Polish Radio SA show more on the life and choices of Felix Dzerzhinsky, and how it is perceived in Russia today, which was attended by Sylvia Frolov and sovietologists - prof. Andrzej de Lazari and Dr Łukasz Jasina (historian, who recently returned from Moscow). 'Dzerzhinsky. Love and Revolution' ed, on 2014/01/13 and 2014-01-14, by Sylvia Frolov.

Aldona Dzerzhinskaja - at first marriage Bulhak, second Koyallovich. Her husband Bulhak / Bulhac didn't like Feliks Dzierzynski, and removed out him from the Aldona Dzierzynska - Bulhak home. Aldona Bulhak later moved to Vienna / Wieden in Austria. Her husband was a millionaire. In 1945, after the war, she lived in Vilna. Then moved to permanent residence in Poland, where he lived in Lodz. There is evidence that during the trial of the officers in 1949 petitioned to the Boleslaw Bierut for Sila - Nowicki, her relative.

In the 30's of the 20th cent. Jadwiga (she worked in the Commissariat of Railways) Dzierzynska was repressed. Stanislav Dzierzynski was killed in 1917 in a family Dzerzhinsky home. Kazimierz Dzierzynski / Casimir during the war fought as a partisan in the Baranovichi area. Was issued by the German traitor and executed along with his wife. Ignacy / Ignatius Dzierzynski was related to Unszlicht. Wanda was accidentally killed at age 14. Feliks Dzierzynski was arrested in Warsaw in April 1908. 1909 exiled to Siberie, village Bielskoje / Бельское, then Suchowo / Сухово and Tasiejewo / Тасеево, the Jenisiej government / Енисейская губерния, escaped November 1909 and moved to Capri Island in Italy to М. Горьки / Gorki; 1910 back to Poland, March 1910 in Cracow / Краков, married to С. С. Мушкат / Muszkat. In February 1911 closest to Lenin. In January 1912 back to Warsaw, September arrested; 1914 - 1916 prisoner, Moscow prison 1916 to 1 March 1917.

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov / Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в b. 1868 d. 18 June 1936, known as Maxim / Maksim Gorky or Макси́м Го́рький; born in Nizhny Novgorod, Gorky was brought up by his grandmother; he wrote under the pseudonym Иегудиил Хламида / Jehudiel Khlamida. 1892, he was working in Tiflis for the newspaper Кавказ / The Caucasus; 1899, he was associating with the Marxist social-democratic movement; 1906, the Bolsheviks sent him on a fund-raising trip to the United States; 1906 to 1913, Gorky lived on the island of Capri, to support the work of Russian social-democracy: Anatoly Lunacharsky in 1908, Bogdanov and Vladimir Bazarov; In 1921, he hired a secretary, Moura Budberg (Capri close to Sorrento, ca 13 km on west; south of Napoli / Neapol where was living MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, on September 5, 1840 - d. Florence, 1912; was an Italian philosopher and historian; student of Augusto Vera; his two wifes from the Pilar Pilchau family of Audern and Parnu. From Capri to Napoli: kilometers 32, bearing: SW). In August 1921, when Nikolay Gumilev, his friend was arrested by the Petrograd Cheka, he obtained an order to release Gumilev from Lenin personally, but in October 1921, Gorky returned to Italy, to 1928 living mostly in Sorrento (near by Capri); visited the USSR several times after 1929, and in 1932 Joseph Stalin invited him to return. Above Maria Ignatievna Budberg / Мария or Мура Игнатьевна Закревская-Бенкендорф-Будберг / Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg, as Countess Benckendorff, Baroness Budberg born 1891 died 1974, daughter of Ignacy Zakrzewski / Ignaty Platonovitch Zakrevsky b. 1841, a Russian nobleman and diplomat. Above Мария Игнатьевна / Maria Будберг / Budberg / Закревская / Zakrevskaya, b. 1893 in Charkow, d. 1974, daughter of Игнатий Платонович Закревский and Мария Николаевна Закревская, wife of Johann / Hans von Benckendorff, and Nikolai / Lay von Budberg and Алексей Максимович Пешков / Максим Горький, by: Henrik Manitski on January 25, 2012. Above Ignacy Zakrzewski / Игнатий Платонович Закревский b. 1839, son of Platon Zakrevsky and Анна Ивановна Закревская, 1804 - 1882, Son of Aleksei Zakrevsky and Варвара Ивановна Закревская. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg was double agent of OGPU and British Intelligence Service. She first married Count Johann von Benckendorff, a high-ranking Russian diplomat, in 1911. To Autumn 1917 Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff worked in the Russian Embassy in Berlin where she became acquainted with British diplomat R. H. Bruce Lockhart. They owned the mansion Jendel in Jäneda, in Estonia where he was shot dead in 1918; 1918, she was arrested in a suspicion of spying for England and transferred to the Lubyanka prison. Bruce Lockhart, tried to vouch for her; they were lovers; Lockhart was expelled from Russia soon after, Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff was released as well under the condition that she would cooperate with the intelligence service; then she met Maxim Gorky as secretary and wife of Gorky, with a few interruptions from 1920 to 1933; 1920 she met H. G. Wells and became his mistress, renewed in 1933 in London, where she emigrated. Later, she was married to Baron Nikolai von Budberg-Bönningshausen, as a double agent for the Soviet Union and British intelligence. Her older half-sister, Alexandra Alla Ignatievna Zakrevskaya b. 1884, married Baron Arthur von Engelhardt before 1909, was the great-grandmother of Nick Clegg, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 2010. Above Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart, b. 1887, journalist, secret agent, British diplomat in Moscow, Prague; Bruce Lockhart joined the British Foreign Service and was posted to Moscow as Vice-Consul. At the time of his arrival in Russia, (copyright by Wikipedia) "...he was invited to turn out for Morozov a textile factory team that played their games 30 miles east of Moscow – the manager of the cotton mill was from Lancashire, England. Bruce Lockhart was Acting British Consul-General in Moscow when the first Russian Revolution broke out in early 1917, but left shortly before the Bolshevik Revolution of October that year. He soon returned to Russia at the behest of Prime Minister Lloyd George and Lord Milner as the United Kingdom's first envoy to the Bolsheviks in January 1918 in an attempt to counteract German influence. Lockhart, on his return, was also working for the Secret Intelligence Service ... Moura Budberg, the widow of a high-ranking Czarist diplomat Count Johann von Benckendorff, became his mistress. ... Later, Bruce Lockhart spoke out for Arthur Ransome, ... recommended official assistance to bring Trotsky's secretary, Evgenia Petrovna Shelepina, to England; she later married Ransome ... In 1918, Bruce Lockhart and fellow British agent, Sidney Reilly, were dramatically alleged to have plotted to assassinate Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. He was accused of plotting against the Bolshevik regime ... he escaped trial in an exchange of 'secret agents' for the Russian diplomat Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov". Above Lieutenant Sidney George Reilly, b. 1873, known as the Ace of Spies, was a Jewish Russian-born adventurer and secret agent employed by Scotland Yard, the British Secret Service Bureau and later the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). Above named Benckendorff, Johann Hans Ulrich von Nathanael 1882 - 1919, born in Jäneda of Alexander Benckendorff (Alexander Christoph Karl Otto Benckendorff b. 1888 in Jendel / Jäneda; son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin von Benckendorff, from Jendel [1846 Warrang (Varangu), d. 1910 Jendel] and Margarethe Ottilie Karoline Emilie von Bremen); studied at the Empress Catherine Imperial Lyceum in St. Petersburg; nicknamed Ivan / Jan / John, was one of the best students of his course, 1908 he was assigned to work in the Russian foreign ministry, and a little later was appointed state councilor. 1909 directed the work of the Russian embassy in Berlin, which was before World War I, Russia's most glorious representation abroad. 1910 he was promoted to secretary of the embassy. In the same year died Alexander Benckendorff and Johann became the new owner of the mansion in Jäneda. 1911 Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska married Johann in Berlin. From this marriage was born a son Paul and daughter Tatiana. When World War I broke out, they left the Russian embassy in Berlin. Johann joined the army as a volunteer, and he was appointed staff officer of the Russian Northern Army Headquarters (Brujewicz / Bruevich here!). In 1917, when the collapse of the state, Benckendorff was went to retire. He decided to bring his family to the province; 1918 April, the wife Maria, was in Petrograd, and the grace of Maria's adventures got divorced; 19 April 1919 Benckendorff, Johann Hans Ulrich von Nathanael was murdered in Jäneda but unknown circumstances (July Tomson Memories). The Jäneda lady of the manor, the legendary Maria Zakrevskaja - Benckendorff - Budberg, come from the eminent lawyers, the Russian Prosecutor-General and Senator from 1894-99, Earl Ignati Platonovitsh Zakrevski family (Berjozovkaja - Rudka mansion in Ukraine). Maria was the fourth and last child in the family, he was born in 1893 in Kharkiv; after the death of his father in 1905, the family moved to St. Petersburg. Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska / Mura received his education from the home teachers, mastered English, French, German, and Russian; in 1910, when she was called to her sister Anja to Berlin, where the husband and brother of Plato / Platon Zakrzewski were the Russian Embassy officials. Maria Zakrevskajaga / Maria nee Zakrzewska / Mura will soon be presented to the Secretary of the Embassy - Johann von Benckendorff, who immediately fell in love; 1911 the wedding was held, and soon the two children born in the family. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff-Budberg / Mura life was both in Berlin and St. Petersburg, where they had a flat; close to British Embassy staff, with fun trips to the Jäneda manor; 1914 the outbreak of the war did not change Mura's life, though husband was in the army; The situation changed after 1917 bolshevik coup, as many of the familiar fled the country, were killed or found themselves in the front lines of the civil war. 1918 re-moved to the Johann von Benckendorff Jäneda family home. Mura remained in Petrograd care for his sick mother. In March of the same year, he met Bruce Lockhart from the British Embassy in Moscow; it was six months of meeting with a passionate love story which has been reflected in the literature as a movie. 1918 Lockhart was arrested, in August 1918 on charges of organizing an assassination of Lenin and was sent out of the country. Maria Moura Ignatievna Zakrevskaya-Benckendorff was also at some time in jail. Her mother died, and the outbreak of war between Russia and Estonia, which cut off the opportunity for children to come. Maria Moura Countess Benckendorff was released as well under the condition that she would cooperate with the Bolshevik intelligence service, and in 1919 Gorki fell in love with her at first sight. They became close people for many years. 1921 managed to escape to Estonia to kids. Estonian authorities and the Baltic German nobility saw her as a Bolshevik agent. Mura lack of citizenship, should have been sent back to the red Russia; in order to get an Estonian passport, she signed a fictitious marriage to Budberg Nicholas, Baron, who got the money for citizenship. 1922 fresh couple left Estonia to Berlin, where they parted - Baron Budberg traveled to South America, but the Lady Budberg went to Gorki, who lived in Germany and Italy. 1926 marriage Budberg was separated. Baroness Budberg with Maksim Gorki lived in Germany and Italy; as a writer Gorky did not speak any foreign languages; 1929 again Mura met science fiction writer Herbert George Wells. They had begun dating in 1920, when the Wells visited Russia - Wells was already in love with her; in London they lived in the same house, even. In London she began to organize the lives of children in their new homeland, 1933 a son, Paul, and daughter Tania was supposed to arrive in 1934. 1946 Welss died at the age of 76. Mura life began a new era at Cromwell Road. Above Johann von Benckendorff or Hans Ulrich Nathanael von Benckendorff, b. 1882 in Jendel (Jäneda - south-west of Rakvere, and south-east of Tallinn), Lääne-Virumaa, in Estland; d. on April 19, 1919, not in 1918 - in Jendel / Jäneda. He was son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin Benckendorff, from Jendel and Margarethe Ottilie Karoline Emilie von Bremen; his wife above Мария Игнатьевна. Her son Paul von Benckendorff and Tatiana / Tania. He was brother of Hermann Julius Konstantin von Benckendorff; Alexander Christoph Karl Otto Benckendorff; Gerhard Paul Konstantin, Anna Margarethe, Paul Boris - by Henrik Manitski in 2012. His father: Alexander Gustav Konstantin von Benckendorff, from Jendel, b. 1846 in Warrang (Varangu - north of Rakvereca 18 km), Väike-Maarja vald. Died 1910 in above Jendel (Jäneda - ca 65 km east of Saku). Grandfather Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff and Marie von Löwenstern. Above Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald. Great-grandfather

Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff and Elisabeth von Rehbinder. Above Dorothea Helene Margarethe Elisabeth Rehbinder was daughter of Gustav Wilhelm von Rehbinder and Sophie Christina von Rehbinder and granddaughter of Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder.

Above Алексей Максимович Пешков / Максим Горький b. 1868 d. 1936, son of Максим Савватьевич Пешков and Варвара Васильевна Пешкова. Father of Максим Алексеевич Пешков and Екатерина Алексеевна Пешкова, by: Peter Trefilov on January 25, 2012. "The sudden death of Gorky's son Maxim Peshkov in May 1934 was followed by the death of Maxim Gorky himself in June 1936. Speculation has long surrounded the circumstances of his death. Stalin and Molotov were among those who carried Gorky's coffin during the funeral. During the Bukharin trial in 1938 (one of the three Moscow Trials), one of the charges was that Gorky was killed by Yagoda's NKVD agents", by Wikipedia.

Few details on Feliks Dzierzynski: In the autumn of 1887 Aldona Dzierzynska drove with brother Feliks Dzierzynski to Vilna, where he successfully passed his exams and was accepted into the first class of the first Vilna school, where he studied until 1896. Feliks Dzierzynski lived with his grandmother Казимира Янушевская / Kazimiera Januszewska on the street Poplavsky 26. To her sister, Aldona Bulhak, he wrote soon after appointed People's Commissar of Internal Affairs: "I can not explain you only by letter. One truth, I can tell you, I'm still the same, as I was, although for many do not have the name much terrible then my one". This terrible name ... seems that the word 'soldier' (judging from the letters) becomes his favorite word. There is nothing surprising in the fact that Dzerzhinsky - man without education and profession - was the creator of the powerful intelligence services. Sixteen teenager, he went to the revolution. A prison, penal servitude and exile became his habitat. In cases of Polish and Lithuanian Social Democrats, Dzerzhinsky traveled almost the whole of Europe, learning the art of secrecy, the working methods of the secret police of different countries. Cheka became unique in the history of punitive body, align arrest, investigation, trial, punishment and a special right - shoot in good conscience. Dzerzhinsky descended from an ancient noble family, he was the absolute as an aristocrat, in the family called his - little Raphael. But from his ancestors, he did not inherit a single drop of aristocratic refinement. With Lenin, in 1906 he met in Stockholm. Author: Александр ГРИГОРЕНКО / Alexander Grigorenko. And now very interesting inf. about Italy, Capri, Genoa, Swiss Alps and visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, cantons of Valais and Bern in Switzerland. Gorki / Gorky was constrained not to return to Russia and went straight to Italy, on the blessed island of Capri. There Dzerzhinsky, Chaliapin, Lunacharsky and Bunin, Plekhanov and Stanislavsky came to visit him. In Berlin in 1906, Lenin and Gorki were not only on political conversations and when Lenin arrived at Capri, they went to the Naples Museum and Pompey. Thus, on Capri originated literary and political center, which included people who belong to extremist parties: Lopatin, Plekhanov, Lunacharsky, Bogdanov, Vladimir Lenin, Dzerzhinsky - and this is not a complete list of names. On 1909, 15 January Dzerzhinsky on verdicts of the Warsaw Court of Justice was denied the rights of state and condemned to exile in the Yenisei province. November, escape from exile; 1910 January - The Party send Dzerzhinsky in Italy; January - February, Dzerzhinsky acquainted with Maxim Gorky in Italy on Isle of Capri; March 1910 Dzerzhinsky directs illegal party work in Krakow. 1911, May - June, Dzerzhinsky with Lenin and Inessa Armand in Paris. From a Feliks Dzierzynski letter to А. Э. Булгак / Aldona Bulhak, Berlin on March 1, 1910: "...I have traveled around the world. That's really a month I went to Capri; I was in the Italian (in Genua like Frautchi?) and French Riviera, Monte Carlo ... then admired the Swiss Alps - the mighty Jungfrau and other snow-capped giants ... So wonderful world! ... and I have to come back again with tops in the valley, in the hole. A couple of days will be in Krakow, where settled on a permanent basis...". We remember now about trip of Lenin and Krupska: east of Montreux, it was the same way like Lenin and Krupska [from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz, Breguet, Rey, Duflon, Kropotkin, Bakst), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29/34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux or from Chateau d'Oex, Montbovon, Les Avants to Montreux some on a railway)]; Jungfrau is one of the main summits in the Bernese Alps, situated between the cantons of Valais and Bern in Switzerland. Together with the Eiger and Mönch, the Jungfrau forms a massive wall.

Details on above Frautchi in Russia now:
Eduard Esterling / Edward Easterling / Эдуард Эстерлинг and Elena Shtaal / Елена Штааль has 4 daughters: Odilla / Одиллия, Alwina / Альвина, Berta / Берта and Sharlotte / Шарлотта; Berta Esterling / Берта Эстерлинг married August / Avgust Didrikil / Август Иванович Дидрикиль, and they has daughter Augusta nee Didrikil / Августа, son Edward Didrikil / Эдуард, next Maria / Мария, Pawel / Павел, Eleonora / Элеонора, Nina / Нина and Olga / Ольга; above Augusta nee Didrikil / Августа Августовна married Christian son of Petr Frautchi / Христиан Петрович Фраучи. Виктор Христианович / Viktor Frautchi son of above Christian Frautchi / Христиан Петрович Фраучи, b. 1902; next son Rudolf / Рудольф Христианович has 3 children: younger son Herman Frautchi / Герман died in camp in 1938. Daugter Ludmila / Людмила died. Viatseslav son of Rudolf / Вячеслав Рудольфович - lived in Moscow. Христиан Петрович Фраучи / Christian Frautchi has 6 children: Artur Frautchi / Артур Христианович - his branch living in Moscow; Eugenia nee Frautchi / Евгения Христиановна - now in Riazan; Nina / Нина Христиановна - in Vladimir; Rudolf Frautchi / Рудольф Христианович - has 2 children: Mila / Мила - died, and Wiaczeslaw Rudolfowicz Frautchi / Вячеслав Рудольфович, Wiera / Вера Христиановна - in Moscow, has daughter (85 aged in 2009, Ela / Эла Иогановна), Wiktor / Виктор Христианович - son Ilia / Илья - in Homel / Гомел (in Homel his children and grandchildren), but Denis / Денис (with daughter Ioana / Иоанна) and Ivan / Иван Викторович in North Osetia and next in Kazan - has daughter.

Jadwiga Edmundowna Dzierzynska, 1871 - 1949, summer 1916 near by Feliks Dzierzynski, in hospital of the Moscow governement prison, in 20s of 20th cent. working with brother of Feliks Dzierzynski; 1949 died in Moscow. Jadwiga Genrichowna Dzierzynska, Jadwiga daughter of Henryk Dzierzynski, relatives of Feliks Dzierzynski, b. 1900, died ?; she was working in Moscow in Soviet institutions. Wife of Feliks E. Dzierzynski, Zofia daughter of Zygmunt Lichyj?, nee Lichowa. 14 years no change surname to Dzierzynska. Dzierzynski Fiodor Janowicz, b. 1947. Grandson of Feliks Dzierzynski, he was younger son of Jan Dzierzynski, son of Feliks Dzierzynski. Engineer. Ryzow Vadim Vasilievich, 1917 - 1962, witness for L. F. Lichowa and Feliks Dzierzynski. He was working in Moscow. Dzierzynski Kazimierz Edmundowicz 1875 - 1943, born in Iody, the Wilno county, studied in Germania, working in Lublin, 1935 in Dzierzynowo. Dzierzynska Lucija / Lucea Wilhelmowna, 1887 - 1943, wife of K. E. Dzierzynski, brother of Feliks Dzierzynski. German wife. 1941 working for German in Iwieniec. Catholic. Nagotko Kazimierz son of Jozef Nagotko, next of kin with Faliks Dzierzynski, living in Tiesnowo, the Iwieniec area, his wife Anna; died in 1944 from hands of Polish; a cementery of Kamien. Kazimierz and Teresa Nagotko were living after 1944.

Dzierżyński family settlements in assets of Oziembłowo (later named Dzierżynow) and were neighbours of the Rutkowski family from Podgórze - owners of the property. These families maintained close contacts, as Karol Adam / Charles Adam Rutkowski and Edmund Dzerzhinsky, the owner Oziembłowo. Witold Rutkowski son of Charles Adam and Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky son of Edmund Dzierzynski came together to Warsaw during the study. Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky joined the Academy of Veterinary in Dorpat (Tartu, now Estonia). He came therefore to Dzierżynow, and to Warsaw on the Technical School of Wawelberg and Rotwand. He lived in lodgings with Witold Rutkowski, but he was arrested and then he went to Germany, in Frankfurt am Main, then moved to Karlsruhe. Rented apartment with a family of Italian origin - Schiotti. He fell in love with the daughter of the owners Lucy Schiotti and married.

Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Jelnica and Szabany, south-east of Minsk or Nowy Dwor close to Sluck!? His mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749; grandfather: Florian Stanislaw Bulhak (b. ca 1700? or 1730, 1681 and 1741; he was son of Mikołaj Bułhak and Katarzyna ... or Marianna; husband of Krystyna; father of Florian Bułhak, Józef Bułhak, Jan Bułhak, Wincenty Bułhak, Ignacy Józefat Bułhak / Ignacy Jozafat Bułhak, Jerzy Onufry Bułhak and Władysław Bułhak) and grandmother Krystyna Ciekawianka (above Josafat Ignatius Bulhak b. April 20, 1758, d. February 25, 1838, Greek Orthodox priest, Uniate bishop of Pinsk (1787-1795), bishop of Brest (1798-1828), Bishop of Lithuania (1828-1833) and Archbishop of Polotsk (1833-1838), in 1817-1838 the Metropolitan of Kiev. Above Jozef Bulhak, the Uniate bishop of Pinsk and Turow, abbot of the monastery of the Basilian in Suprasl). Great-grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 (husband of Katarzyna ... and next - ? - Marianna Bułhak; father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak), m. to Marianna Imielinski - Prawdzic; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. His parents: Benedykt Bulhak (b. ca 1640?) and Eufemia Protasewicz. Benedykt was from Konstanty Bulhak and Anna Zablocki, acc. to aordycz.republika.pl. Above Eufemia Bułhak (Protasewicz - Jastrzębiec) b. ca 1650 was mother of Mikołaj Bułhak, Jerzy Piotr Bułhak and Szymon Bułhak - by: Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska in 2007. Benedykt Bułhak circa 1630 / 1650 - 1698, son of Konstanty Kazimierz Bułhak and Anna, husband of Eufemia, father of Mikołaj Bułhak; Jerzy Piotr Bułhak b. ca 1665 / 1675 and Szymon Bułhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrówka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodwórek, Osipowszczyzna, Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze close to Kleck, Połoneczka by Dzwieja. Above Mikołaj Bułhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bułhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanisław Bułhak ca 1695 - 1745? (his sons: 1. Florian Bułhak circa 1730 / 1750? - 1806, his mother Krystyna, husband of Helena Bułhak, father of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak [ b. 1795 and d. in Worończa, 1866, husband of Julia, father of Karolina Karpowicz; Antoni Bułhak; Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak; NN Bułhak (his wife Aldona nee Dzierżyńska, by Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska); Barbara Bułhak and Helena Kiersnowska (wife of Aleksander Kiersnowski, mother of Adam Kiersnowski and Karol Kiersnowski) and one other] and Maciej Bułhak; 2. Józef Bułhak 1723 - 1783; 3. Jan Bułhak 1719 - 1779; 4. Wincenty Bułhak 1720 - 1780? owner of Michałowo close to Stołowicze and Kroszyn in the Nowogrodek county, served for Maciej Radziwiłł from Połoneczka - his son Gabriel??; 5. Ignacy Józefat Bułhak; 6. Jerzy Onufry Bułhak and 7. Władysław Bułhak).

Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966. Her husband Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856 - his father Rudolf Jerzy Bulhak 1824-1894; grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789. Great-grandfather Jerzy Onufry Bulhak. Children of Jerzy Onufry Bulhak: Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak, Beata Bułhak, Krystyna Bułhak, Ostroberta Bułhak and Julian Bułhak.
Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913);

somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places. The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela. Probably not Lisowski but the Lipovskii / Lipowski family.

The case on Ignacy (?) Bulhak on transferring it out to them: Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861.

There are the Case of the redemption of the land at Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; or Macevichi or Macawiczy close to Sinialo, and Koroliszczewiczi - south-east; inf. of 2010 from http://forum.vgd.ru/post/45/). Marina Gorka / Mar'іna Hill, a center of Pukhavichy region. 1866-1913 Bulhak was guardian of Sventorzhetskaya.

Aldona Dzierżyński, oldest sister of Feliks Dzierzynski, 1892 married to Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak (died 1908), lived in the Bobruisk district and Wilno; second husband Artur Kojałłowicz, and moved to Lodz / Łodz, to her daughter Maria Staszewski. Her next of kin Władysław Siła-Nowicki. Jadwiga Zawadzki was her cousin. All acc. to: http://aordycz.com/. Aldona who was always support for Feliks Dzierzynski. Aldona, whose son was adjutant of Jozef Pilsudski!

Details on the Dzierzynski family: Róża Dzierżyńska b. 1835 m. Burzyński. Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński b. 1830, m. Róża Łucja Szembel, he died in 1904; his children: Józef Bernard Dzierżyński 1863 - 1910, Adam Dzierżyński 1871 - 1932 + Wanda Nekanda-Trepka, Ewa Wiktoryna Dzierżyńska 1872 - 1928, Antoni Dzierżyński 1874 - 1942, Jan Albin Dzierżyński 1877 - 1958, Felicjan Bonifacy Dzierżyński 1878 - 1927.
Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński b. 1822, m. Paulina Skibicka, d. 1859.
Acc. to http://www.aordycz.com/descendenci/dzierzynski.htm; address aord@aordycz.com; by Anna Ordyczynska: JAKUB DZIERŻYNSKI married BARBARA TALMONT and married SYRTOWT. Child of JAKUB is ANTONI JAKUBOWICZ DZIERŻYNSKI, b. 1755 d. 1816. Children of JAKUB and BARBARA TALMONT are: WAWRZYNIEC, ROCH and MARIANNA. ANTONI JAKUBOWICZ DZIERŻYNSKI married KONSTANCJA ADAMOWICZ, children: IGNACY JAN, JÓZEF JAN H. SULIMA DZIERŻYNSKI, b. 1788 d. 1854. JÓZEF JAN H. DZIERŻYNSKI married ANTONINA OZIEMBLOWSKA. Children: RYSZARD EDWARD WINCENTY b. 1817, ONUFRY ANTONI MODEST b. 1818 m. MAZURKIEWICZ, BERNARD LEONARD b. 1819 d. 1879; TOMASZ JUSTYN b. 1822; d. 1859 m. PAULINA SKIBICKA; ANTONI MIKOLAJ b. 1823 d. 1865; ANNA b. 1827, EDMUND b. 1829, in Dzierżynowo, d. 1872, m. HELENA JANUSZEWSKA, daughter of JANUSZEWSKI and KAZIMIERA JANUSZEWSKA; FELICJAN JAN 1830 - 1904; JÓZEFAT b. 1831 d. 1954; LEOKADIA b. 1833 and RÓŻA b. 1835 m. BURZYNSKI. RYSZARD EDWARD WINCENTY DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1817, married COLETTE OSTROWSKA. Child of RYSZARD and COLETTE OSTROWSKA is EUSTACHY. Children of EDMUND and HELENA JANUSZEWSKA are: WITOLD b. 1867; ALDONA b. 1869, Kojdanów (Dzierżynowo) d. 1966; JADWIGA b. 1871, Kojdanów, d. 1949 m. KUSZELEWSKI; and samples only: KAZIMIERZ b. 1875, Dzierżynowo, d. 1943 in Dzierżynowo, m. LUCY SCHIATTI (Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky joined the Academy of Veterinary in Dorpat / Tartu, now Estonia. He came therefore to Dzierżynow, and to Warsaw on the Technical School of Wawelberg and Rotwand. He lived in lodgings with Witold Rutkowski, but he was arrested and then he went to Germany, in Frankfurt am Main, then moved to Karlsruhe. Rented apartment with a family of Italian origin - Schiotti. He fell in love with the daughter of the owners Lucy Schiotti / LUCY SCHIATTI and married); FELIKS d. 1926, Moskwa; IGNACY b. 1879, Dzierżynowo d. 1953; WLADYSLAW b. 1881, Stołpce, d. 1942, Zgierz. FELICJAN JAN DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1830, and died 1904. He married RÓŻA LUCJA SZEMBEL. Children of FELICJAN and RÓŻA SZEMBEL are: ANTONINA, MICHAL b. 1862; d. 1867; ADAM b. 1871 d. 1932 m. WANDA NEKANDA TREPKA; EWA WIKTORYNA 1872 d. 1928; ANTONI b. 1874 d. 1942; JAN ALBIN b. 1877 d. 1958; FELICJAN BONIFACY b. 1878 d. 1927 and JÓZEF BERNARD 1963 d. 1910. ALDONA DZIERŻYNSKA was born 1869 in Kojdanów and died 1966. She married GEDYMIN JERZY BULHAK, son of RUDOLF and ANIELA OSTROMECKA. He was born 1856, and died 1908. She married second time to ARTUR KOJALLOWICZ. Children of ALDONA and GEDYMIN are: EDMUND 1894 - 1896, RUDOLF b. 1895 d. in Minsk, HELENA b. 1896, ANTONI JERZY b. 1898 m. JUCHNIEWICZ; MARIA b. 1900 m. MIECZYSLAW HARYSZEWSKI and second time m. JERZY STASZEWSKI; HELENA b. 1901 d. 1904. Child of ALDONA and ARTUR: RUDOLF KOJALLOWICZ. FELIKS was born 1877, married ZOFIA ZYGMUNTÓWNA MUSZKAT. She was born 1882 in Warsaw, died 1968 in Moscow. Child of FELIKS and ZOFIA MUSZKAT: JAN b. 1911. IGNACY DZIERŻYNSKI born 1879 in Dzierżynowo, and died 1953. He married STANISLAWA SILA-NOWICKA, children of IGNACY and STANISLAWA: OLGIERD and WANDA JÓZEFA. JAN ALBIN DZIERŻYNSKI was born 1877, and died 1958. Children of JAN ALBIN: JANINA and JERZY WITOLD DZIERŻYNSKI. JAN DZIERŻYNSKI born 1911, has children: TEODOR, and junior FELIKS. Acc. to http://www.aordycz.com/descendenci/dzierzynski.htm; address aord@aordycz.com; by Anna Ordyczynska. Her roots: Piotr Ordyczyński + Anna Danuta Stankiewicz from Leżajsk.

Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierżyński, died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bułhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozłowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Słuck. And his grandfather Mikołaj Bułhak b. 1670, m. to Marianna Imieliński; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwiłł.

Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966, acc. to http://www.geni.com/people/. Her son Antoni Bułhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873. She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.
The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895.
Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierżyńska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.

Rudolf Bułhak b. 1895, his brother Antoni Bułhak born 1898; about Antoni Bułhak by Małgorzata Wojciechowska in 2010 at http://www.geni.com/people/: Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski and husband of Wanda Kadenacy, niece Marshal (mistake?). After the invasion of the Germans in Poland in September 1939, taken from Warsaw to its assets in the Suwalki region: Pilsudski wife - Alexandra / Aleksandra Szczerbinska and her daughters, her sister and their cousin Anna. Jozef Klemens Pilsudski + Aleksandra Szczerbinska has daughter Jadwiga Jagoda Pilsudska with her husband Andrzej Jaraczewski has daughter Joanna Jaraczewska, married to Janusz Onyszkiewicz / Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz born 1937. Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Józef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (1845 - 1918), her daughter Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake?), the aide-de-camp of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski.

We need check this genealogy!
Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.
Above named Zawołoczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village, like Chromce (near Bobruisk), Dubrowna (near Minsk), Dukora (Svislach), Łahojsk, Szaciłki (Berezina); the monks served parishes in Borosowszczyzna, Ratutycze, Ustercha. Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz died 1884; daughter Zofia Zula Pilsudski Kadenacy, b. 1865, d. 1935; her husband Boleslaw Kadenacy died 1918; his son Czeslaw Kadenacy, b. 1896, grandson Tadeusz. Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz has 12 children, among others Helena Piłsudski b. 1864 d. 1917, Zofia Kadenac b. 1865 + Bolesław Kadenac, Bronisław Piłsudski, Józef Piłsudski, Adam Piłsudski / Адам Гинятович Косьчеша Пилсудский b. 1869, Kazimierz Piłsudski, Maria Juchniewiczowa b. 1873 + Cezary Juchniewicz, Jan Piłsudski, Ludwika Majewska b. 1879 + Leon Majewski, Kacper Piłsudski b. 1881, Piotr Piłsudski, Teodora Piłsudska, Piotr.
Antoni Bulhak (Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, son of Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak, and Aldona nee Dzierżyńska, his brother Rudolf Kojałłowicz; his wife nee Juchniewicz), b. 1898:

1. Zofia Kadenacy nee Piłsudski, b. 1865 was sister of Józef Klemens Piłsudski; her husband Bolesław Kadenacy (b. 1845, his father Jan / Ivan Kadenacy; Boleslaw married Zofia Pilsudski; he died 22 Jan 1918 in Vilno; Jan Kadenacy b. 1811; wife of above Boleslaw: Zofia Pilsudski 1865-1935), her daughter Wanda Kadenacy + Antoni Bulhak, b. 1898 (mistake?);

2. Antoni Bułhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bułhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Piłsudska, b. 1873 (d. 1921, her mother Maria Piłsudska nee Billewicz). She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Piłsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Piłsudski b. 1867.

Among the Poles, who got a Japanese visa, in winter, at the turn of 1940 / 1941, and recorded arrive in Vancouver were only two families with Polish passports: Anthony George Bułhak with his wife Wanda in 1940 and James Kaliski with his wife and children in 1941. Probably Bulhak when traveling by train in Soviet Union used the false passports. It is known that the Polish Embassy in Tokyo asked for a re-issue of passports; he came from a noble family.

Jan / John Bułhak, his uncle, the father of Polish landscapes photography. Jan Brunon Bułhak (1876–1950) or Jan Bułhak was born 1876 in Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn (Асташын, close to Liubaniczi, south of Dolginowo and Serwacz, ca 28 km south-east of Nowogrodek, 11 km north-east of Woroncha / Woroncza). Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn Murowany from 1922 to Otton Żywicki. Here was living Jan Bulhak / Ян Булгак, son of Валериан Булгак, Walerian Bulhak; he sold the estate to Грабовски / Grabowski (18th cent. to the beginning of the 20th. cent.) after 1900. Jan Brunon Bułhak's parents were Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak - Syrokomla b. 1842 in Ostaszyn (he was brother of Karolina Karpowicz, Antoni Bułhak, NN Bułhak, Barbara Bułhak and Helena Kiersnowska; son of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak b. 1795 in Woroncza, and grandson of Florian Bulhak b. ca 1740, great-grandson of Florian Stanisław Bułhak from Mikolaj Bulhak and Katarzyna or Marianna) and Józefa née Haciska - Roch (b. 1848 in Miratycze, daughter of Władysław Dachnowicz Haciski - son of Tadeusz Dachnowicz Haciski - and Anna Haciska), landowners in Ostaszyn. In the village of Worończa (Woroncha, Варонча) there are four graves of Jan Bułhak's ancestors - 27 km south-east of Navahrudak / Nowogrodek. Jan Bulhak from 1897 to 1899, studied literature, history and philosophy at Jagiellonian University, Kraków. Back home, he lived in the village of Peresieka (Пярэсека) near Minsk, where he inherited a manor after his great-uncle's death (brother of one's grandparent or uncle of one's parent). Пярэсека, Минская область / Pereseka, close to Czurylawiczi, Kaikawa, ca 16 km south of Minsk core; and 7 km south-west of Karaliszczawiczi / Koroliszczewiczi / Koroliszczewicze - here Konstantynowicz family, and ca 8 km south-west of Nowy Dwor - Bulhak?; north-west of Dukora - Moniuszko. In 1901, he married a cousin, Hanna Haciska. After his father's death (after 1905), he sold the manor and bought a mansion from Radziwill in Belitsa, near Minsk. Belitsa, near Minsk - 3 km south-east of Samachwalawiczi, 7 km west of Kaikawa, ca 12 km south-west of Koroliszczewiczi and ca 3 / 4 km west of Peresieka. Jozef Proszynski was living in Koroleszczewicze, died 1790, married Elzbieta Brygida nee Janiszewska / ? Januszewska.

The family of Aleksander Brujewicz or Bonc - Bruievicius of the Boncza arms lived in Zbyszyn or Sbychin near to Tschetschewitschi since 1876 / 1880, 39 km SE away from Miezonka; he lived next door Gresmer or Greszner family ca 1896, and Mr Witold Bulhak home.

The Bulhak noble house of the Syrokomla arms, verified in Minsk A.D. 1802, possessed also in the government of Minsk: Matewitschi = Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy, and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze.

West of the Berezyna river, and close to Bobruisk / Bobrujsk stronghold - the Bulhak, Konstantynowicz, Szostak, Dzierzynski, Tatur, Czajkowski families:
The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинович Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county. Gorochovka / Gorochovo, south-west of Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, ca 20 km, close to Fortuny: north-west of Gorochovka, and south of Glusha, close to Gorochovka, Rimovcy, Spornoje; east-south-east of Simonovichi (see: Bulhak family). Snustik / Снустик - east of Pukhavichy and Maryina Gorka, and west of Gradzyanka, and south-east of Turin / Turyn (Bulhak family) in the Igumen / Ihumen county / Игумен.

The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913); somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.

The Prozor family was near by to Malkiewicz - Horodecka Izabela. Probably not Lisowski but the Lipovskii / Lipowski family. The case on Ignacy (?) Bulhak on transferring it out to them: Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861. There are the Case of the redemption of the earth at Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; or Macevichi or Macawiczy close to Sinialo, and Koroliszczewiczi - south-east; inf. of 2010 from http://forum.vgd.ru/post/45/). Marina Gorka / Mar'іna Hill, a center of Pukhavichy region. 1866-1913 Bulhak was guardian of Sventorzhetskaya. Кухтичи close to Uzda - west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Inf. of the village said that Bulhak won it by cards, although rely on a information can not be. According to villagers, they remember it about Bulhak. In the 1897 census, the village had already been in 16 houses. 1867-1913 I. Bulhak (?) or Bulgak purchased (1861) from Lipovskii, villages Kamionka or Matseevich. Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.

Блужа-Городно д. Блужа Пуховичского р-на north-west of Talka, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи, the Puchovichi region / Пуховичского р-на, prisoner 1930. Булгак Василий Петрович b. 1916 in Wilno / Вильно. Shoot 1938. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south-west of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933. Булгак Виктория Адамовна b. 1900. Булгак Владимир Владимирович b. 1900 in Станково / Stankow, Дзержинский р-н. Булгак Галина Дмитриевна d. 1931. Булгак Гектор Каземирович b. 1910 Могилевская обл.; Борки - Borki close to Sbyschi / Zbyszyn of Brujewicz and close to Tschigirinka of Bulgak / Bulhak family, close to Kolbowa. Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937. Булгак Иван Цезарович b. 1907 in Borki / Борки, Бобруйского р-на; close to Zbyszyn of the Brujewiczs; d. 1939. Булгак Мария Ипполитовна b. 1899 or 1897, Horodaj or Gorodai. Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937. Булгак Станислав Антонович b. 1901 in Несвиж / Nieswiez. Булгак Степан Степанович b. 1893 in Луки / Luki close to Stolbce; d. after 1933. Булгак Феликс Адольфович b. 1895 in the Siedlce government / Седлецкая губ., Lukow / Луков; d. after Nov. 1937. Булгак Эдуард Владимирович b. 1907 in Stankow / Станково, the Дзержинский region.

Матевичи / Мацевичи / Matewitschi / Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy (inf. about location above), and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze. Budzilowka / Будзиловка in the Беломльская волость / Bielomlskaja volost; Zabrodok / Забродок and Beresniewka / Бересневка to the Bulhak family / Булгак. Беломльская волость was in the Berezina parish / Березинский church. Biegoml / Bjagolm is north of Borisow. But Бересневка is also in the Боровицкий сельсовет, the Kirov district / Кировский район - south of Kliczew; Krasny Brzeg south of Dobosnia / Dobysna.

Before death of his mother, Felix Dzierzynski lived with his aunt, the Baroness Sophie von Pilchau Piller, who lived with grandmother Januszewska. Felix recalled on her property where met once on the occasion of Christmas four generations of Dzierżyńskich and Januszewski. In 1897 there was already dead of his sister Wanda; From four brothers, Stanislaw Dzierzynski, a student of the St. Petersburg University, lived with two younger brothers Ignatius and Wladyslaw, students in high school in St. Petersburg, Kazimierz at a mechanical factory in Warsaw (m. to Lucy Schiotti / LUCY SCHIATTI). Two sisters:

Aldona Dzierzynski married to Bułhak / Bulhak and lives in some assets near Bobruisk / Bobrujsk, the husband's property;
Kuszelewski, Hedwig's husband was landowner in Poniewieski district / Poniewiez. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudski. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.

Vilnius journalist ALWIDA Bajor, pointed out that was connections Mackiewicz, Katrutia Matułajtis, and Baltic Germans family of Roman von Pilchau with Felix Dzerzhinsky. Матула́йтис / Матулайтис / Матулевич / Matulaitis / Matulewicz were from Лугине / Luginie close to Mariampol / Мариямполе. Wilhelmina Matulaitis nee Mackiewicz was sister of Antoni Mackiewicz d. 1914; he was father of Jozef Mackiewicz / Józef Mackiewicz b. 1902, a Polish writer, novelist and political commentator; opposed communism, anticommunist by nationality. Mackiewicz died in exile. His older brother Stanisław Mackiewicz was also a writer. Józef Mackiewicz was the son of Antoni Mackiewicz and Maria née Pietraszkiewicz (her father Franciszek Ksawery Pietraszkiewicz b. 1814, Cracow?. His father Adam Pietraszkiewicz, born ?) originally from Kraków / Cracow, a Polish noble family; Jozef was born in Saint Petersburg. Stanisław Mackiewicz, a political publicist and Prime Minister of the postwar Polish government in exile from 1954 to 1955; and Seweryna Mackiewicz, mother of Polish writer Kazimierz Orłoś. In 1907 his family moved to Wilno. Above Antoni Mackiewicz b. ?; his father Bolesław Mackiewicz.

Now we back to Roman Romuald baron von Pilar Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович: after the victory of the February Revolution of March 1917, he was Secretary of the Board of Danilov Peasants' Deputies. In August, to October 1917 cadet in Moscow. From October 1917 on underground work in the German army occupied Lithuania. Was arrested, until April 1918, was imprisoned! In April 1918 he was one of the leaders in Vilna. In January 1919, a member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian Republic. In February, to April 1919, was treated in hospital. In May 1919, after the capture of Wilno by the Polish troops, was arrested and sentenced to death, but miraculously survived! In December 1919 on the exchange of prisoners, he arrived in the Russia. In April 1920, Cheka of Western Front; In October 1920 - March 1921 was on illegal work in Upper Silesia (Germany); March 1921, Cheka / GPU. December 1921 Assistant Chief, and July 1922 - December 1925 the first deputy of the chief of the counterintelligence of GPU / OGPU. Genoa Conference (1922); 1924-1925 along with Artuzov involved in developing and implementing major counterintelligence operations Trust and Syndicate-2. In November 1929 North Caucasus region; November 1932 Central Asia, December 1934, the NKVD chief in Saratov region. 16/05/37 dismissed, on the night of 16 May 17, 1937 arrested. Accused of being a Polish secret service intelligence spy, 02/09/37 shot.

On the Dzierzynski and Ozieblowski families:
in Ozemblovschizna on 1830 September 22, baptized Jozef Tertia Dzierzynski / Joseph Terciusz Dzierzhynski, parents: Jozef Dzerzhinsky and Antonina nee Oziemblowski / Ozemblovski, Dzerzhinsky. God-father Jan Terletskii / Jan Terlecki, cornet of the Polish troops, and god-mother Josefa Voyninoy. Jozef Dzerzhinsky 1788-1854 and Antonina Dzerzhinska - grandparents of Felix, but their daughter Jozefa (Leokadia Kornelia b. 1833 in Ozemblovschizna) apparently lived shortly. Recipients Wojciech Wojna, Anna Gorbatovskaya, Sigismund Shalevich, Vasilevska, Xavier Kazakevitch, Wilhelmina Gorbatovskaya, Jan Terletski / Terlecki, Valeria Gorbatovskaya, Joseph Gorbatovsky / Horbatowski, Frantiska Kukilevna. In Bobruisk church: 1889 Henry and Mary nee Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski, 1889 Henry and Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski, 1889 in the Bobruisk Roman Catholic parish church - Ryszard Edward Vincent Dzerzhinsky and Colette / Nicoleta / Koleta Lozovskaya Dzerzhinska, but we know about Dzierżyński Ryszard Edward Wincenty b. 1817, married to Ostrowska Colette.

Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788;

her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879,
Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859,
Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882.

Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

Wanda Schonthaller-Dzierżyńska 1920-2011 - daughter of Major Dzierzyński.

And about Jozef Oziemblowski / Ozieblowski + Aniela Zdrojewska: children - Boleslaw Ozieblowski, Michal, Maria Moszynski, Stefania. Dieriewno / Derevno located close to Ozemlovo / Ozemblovschizna. A church in Dieriewno / Derevno / Деревно: there was baptized Felix Dzierzynski and buried his father Edmund Rufin Dzierzynski, his sister Wanda, his brother Stanislaus d. in 1917.
Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierżynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska.
Others: Dzierżyński Witold, 1887-19.XI.1892. Krzywiec nee Żyromski, Aleksandra, 1828. Pilar von Pilchau nee Bielawski, Marja / Maria Bielawska.

Ebba Emilie Pilar von Pilchau b. 1866, her parents: Olga Marie Emilie von Staal and Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilchau von Pilar. Above Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 in Padis / Padise, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland / Estonia and died in 1862, and grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 from Jöggis / Jogisuu, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland).

The family history of the Konstantynowiczs in Tsarist Russia, in Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Riga / Ryga, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Vana-Karjaküla or Alt-Hohenhof, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. With others families: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze, Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan.

Above Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Hohenhof, is an aristocratic mansion in northern Estonia in the Harju county. This manor changed their owners very often: Glenn (von Glehn), von Gernet (von Gernet), Pilchau / Pilar von Pilchau, Koskyuly (von Kosküll), von Krause (von Kraus / Krauze), von Hueck, von Kluge / von Klugen.

Some inf. on the Pilchau family:
Karl Gustav Pilar von Pilchau 1751 - 1802 born in Wait (Vaida), Rae vald, Harjumaa, Estland and died 1802 in Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, Estland. His wife Johanna Christine Charlotte Pilar von Pilchau nee von Patkul 1751 - 1828; above Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, ca 75 km south-east of Saku.

Gustav-Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, in 1878 in Haapsalu;

Rudolf von Gernet (1826 - 1912), in Haapsalu was chief of the Yacht Club. Hedwig Elisabeth von Gernet (nee von Patkul; her mother Juliane Charlotte von Wrangell, and her father Jakob Johann von Patkul) b. 1792 - 1867 with her son Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912.


Catherine Elisabeth von Gernet (1829 - 1896).
Above Vaida: 1708 Hans Heinrich Tiesenhausen, 1718 Georg Pilar von Pilchau, 1760 Jakob Heinrich Lilienfeld, 1789 der Howen, von der Pahlen, Ungern-Sternberg, 1894 Woldemar Rosen, 1901 Paul Ungern-Sternberg. Above Vana-Karjaküla: 1726 Nikolai Golovin, 1732 Abram Hannibal, 1743 Johann Mrakisch, 1747 Catharina Elisabeth Glehn, Maydell, 1756 Karl Gottlieb Gernet, 1771 Marie Juliane Pilar von Pilchau, 1776 Friedrich Wilhelm Uexküll-Güldenband, Zange, Koskull, 1817 Rosenmüller, 1818 Johann Martin Krause / Krauze, Klugen, Hueck.

Vardi: 1689 Hans Heinrich Rehbinder, 1716 Karl Friedrich Mengden, Bellingshausen, Otto Heinrich Rehbinder, 1731 Schwengelm, Schönberg, Klugen, Kotzebue, 1844 Gottlieb Rosen, 1855 Georg Pilar von Pilchau.

Georg Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1819 - 1882, born in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County, Estonia. Georg Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Егор Максимович Пиллар, b. 19 March 1767 d. 1830, landlord of Kirna and Reopalu and he was married to Johann Agneta Hessega (1779-1847) and were born: Alexander von Pilar Pilchau (1804-1866), a Russian soldier, Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1808-1817), Helene von Pilar Pilchau (1811-1855), Nicholas Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1815-1887), the landlord of Kirna, Georg Jakob von Pilar Pilchau (1819-1882), the landlord of Vardi. Above Reopalu located north of Viljandi. Kirna close to Reopalu.

Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1757 in Халлик, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780.


Carl Jacob Rudolph von Gernet, b. October 22, 1826 in Neuenhof and d. on April 20, 1912 in Hapsal (Haapsalu), Estonia;
his father Karl Johann von Gernet; his brothers Richard von Gernet and Magnus Friedrich von Gernet.

1886 in Hapsal = Haapsalu, Estonia;
1860, 1867, 1868 in Newenhof, Nissi, Harju;
and 1824 in Neuenhof, Voru / Vorun, Estonia; 1857, 1858 in Reval; and 1859 in Sellenkull.
Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu, 27 km. And south-west of Lehola. Seljaküla is a village in Oru Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia; Lääne County / Ляэнемаа / Lääne maakond / Läänemaa / Western land / Wiek (Pastorat Poenal - Nurme 38 street - is in Taebla Municipality, Lääne-Nigula Parish, east from Haapsalu).

Sergey Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет / Sergei Gernet:

a midshipman in the 1st Baltic Naval Depot. Sergei Pavlovich Gernet born 1859 and d. 1918; his father: Paul Bernhard Friedrich Gernet b. 1819 d. 1860. His son: Eugene S. Gernet b. in Kronstadt on October 31, 1882 d. on August 8, 1943 in Spartacus village, Pavlodar area, Kazakhstan. The captain of the 2nd rank in 1917. During the Russian-Japanese War, in the defense of Port Arthur 1904, during the First World War he served in the Black Sea 1916. Then he served in the Soviet Navy. In 1918 he commanded the squadron in Novorossiisk. Arrested in 1938, he died in exile.

Below about Carl's / Karl's children: Frederick Gernet b. 1738 d. 1789, Christian Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819, Carl Gustaf Gernet b. 1747 d. 1812.

And some details of above named Sergei Gernet / Сергей Павлович Гернет born 1859 died 1918, a top member of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company from St Petersburg and Moscow and about his family:

His father Paul Berngard / Пауль Бернгард Фридрихов Гернет / v. Gernet Paul Bernhard b. 1819 d. 1860.

Son of Sergei was born on 31 October 1882 in Kronsztadt / Кронштадт, Evgenii / Евгений died 1943. His grandfather: Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857.
And great-grandfather Christian Wilhelm Gernet b. 1740 d. 1819, and his father Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791.

On Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791 (Карл Готлиб Иоахимов Гернет son of Ioachim Georgiev von Gernet / Иоахим Георгиев Гернет b. 1648 d. 1710 and was grandson of Георгий Гернет / Georgij von Gernet);

Karl Gotlib sons: Fridrich / Фридрих Гернет / Eberhard Friedrich von Gernet died 1789, was born on November 26, 1738 in Lehhlola / Lehhola / Lehola in Estonia and died on July 29, 1789 in Ohtel / Ohtu, Estonia (Ohtel / Ohtu - only 3 km south - east of Lehola, near to Keila, and ca 15 / 13 km to Uksnurme);
next son born 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola, Estonia - his sons: 1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857;
and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет
(Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa. Note: Jula Dunkel b. 1840, from Ridala Parish, Lääne County, Estonia - her father Kustas Dunkel b. 1814 from Haeska, 7 km east of Kiideva (Gernet) and south-east of Haapsalu, about 23 km west of Vaikna)
died 1812 and his son:
1776 Karl Iogann Gernet / Гернет died 1857 and his son: 1824 Fridrich Magnus / Фридрих Магнус Гернет died 1909; and his son: b. 07 August 1878 Adam Richard Ernst / Адам Рихард Эрнст Гернет died 1944;

about above Adam R. E. Gernet: Cushima 1905, 1910 Nikolaevskaya Morskaya Akademia, 1913 captain 2nd class, 1939 in Germany;
the brother of Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700: Wilhelm Henrich / Вильгельм Генрих Гернет born 1703 died 1772 - his son:

1741 Hristophor / Христофор Вильгельмов Гернет died 1794 - sons of Hristophor:

1782 Reinholdt / Рейнгольд Христофоров Гернет d. 1832 and 1791 Ferdinand / Фердинанд Христофоров died 1852; 1795 Hristophor Hristophorovich / Христофор Христофорович Гернет died 1865 - and his son: 1835 Aleksandr / Александр Христофорович Гернет d. 1893 - and his children: Natalia / Наталья Александровна and Vladymir / Владимир Александрович Гернет b. 1870 d. 1929 - his wife and daughter: Elena Alekseevna Zerebko-Rotmistrenko / Елена Алексеевна b. 1864 d. 1937, daughter b. 1899 in Odessa, Nina Vladymirovna Gernet b. 1899 d. 1982 - about Nina: her son Erik Michailovich Rausch-Gernet / Эрик Рауш - Гернет, her husbands: Michail Sale / Михаил Салье b. 1899 and from 1923 married to Michail Rausch-Traubenberg / Рауш фон Траубенберг b. 1904.

Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892, was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines. Born of Swedish parents in Azerbaijan; father Karl Wilhelm Hagelin worked for Ludvig and Emanuel / Emmanuel Nobel in Baku (Karl Hagelin was closest advisor for Emmanuel, because Wilhelm Hagelin, his father, had been employed by Ludvig Nobel as a manager of the St. Petersburg factory; 1899, Karl Hagelin was called back to St. Petersburg, like Emmanuel's closest technical advisor), and next was an investor in the Arvid Gerhard Damm's company - Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, established to sell rotor machines, acc. to Wikipedia.

See: Smith, Francis O. J., The Secret Corresponding Vocabulary..., ed. in Portland; Shannon, A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System..., ed. in 1948; Damm Arvid G., Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, ed. 1922; Boris C. W. Hagelin became first a director and later the owner of the Cryptograph Company, next the Cryptographe Technik and then the Crypto A. G. in the 1960s.
Crypto AG is a Swiss company specialising in communications and information security. With headquarters in Steinhausen ... Crypto AG was established in Bern by Russian-born Swede, Boris Hagelin. Originally called AB Cryptoteknik and founded by Arvid Gerhard Damm in Stockholm in 1920, the firm manufactured the C-36 mechanical cryptograph machine that Damm had patented.
After Damm's death ... Cryptoteknik came under the control of Boris Hagelin, an early investor

(1921, Boris Hagelin developed his first cipher machine whilst working for crypto-company Damm in Sweden; 1935 he produced a fully mechanical machine under his own brand name A. B. Ingeniorsfirman Teknik in Sweden).

It was the first of a long line of mechanical cipher machines. Shortly before WWII, he developed the M-209 for the American Army. After the war the company moved to Switzerland where they traded as Hagelin Cryptos.
Acc. to: http://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/hagelin/), and during the War essentially operated in the United States ... In the early 1950s, it was transferred from Stockholm to Zug (close to Luzern / Lucerna) ... and was incorporated in Switzerland in 1952.

Crypto AG has a sister company, InfoGuard AG

(InfoGuard AG, a member of 'The Crypto Group', has specialised in providing comprehensive information security for more than 130 countries), acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_AG.

Boris Hagelin had created the 'Hagelin-machine', a encryption device similar to the German 'Enigma'

(Charles Babbage, b. 1791, an English polymath, had recommendations from James Ivory and John Playfair, achieved notable results in cryptography, 1850s Babbage broke Vigenere's autokey cipher; Friedrich Kasiski, a Prussian infantry officer, made the same discovery some years later. The Enigma was an electro-mechanical rotor cypher machine used for both encryption and decryption, from the early 1920s on. Enigma was developed by Arthur Scherbius dating back to 1919. Enigma-A was offered for sale in 1923. The Swedish textile engineer Arvid Gerhard Damm, used his experience gained with Jacquard weaving machines for construction of an automatic ciphering machine and applied for a patent in 1919 for his rotory system.

But Rintu Nath, 'Dream 2047', June 2013, vol. 15, No 9, A chronicle of cryptography:
In 1918, the German inventor Arthur Scherbius and his close friend Richard Ritter developed a cryptographic machine called Enigma. Scherbius patented his cipher machine in 1918. Enigma was contained in a compact box measuring only 13,5 - 11 - 6 inches. Encryption using Enigma was based on polyalphabetic substitution method. Security of the encrypted message was based on the secret key.

1921, Boris Hagelin bringing support from the Swedish Nobel family, "...improved the cryptograph and in 1925 succeeded in getting the Swedish Army to use his Swedish product, the new prototype B-21, instead of the German Enigma". 1927 Hagelin became the owner of Aktiebologat Cryptograph. "...The B-21 had a lamp field similar to that in Enigma. In a new compact version, the C-35, the lamp field was replaced by a printer, which produced the ciphered text at a speed of three letters per second. To improve the operating comfort, the C-35 was connected to an electric typewriter, which the U.S. company Remington had just introduced. The C-35, as small as a telephone, became very successful. More than 5000 units were sold...". Hagelin in Switzerland, where in 1948 he founded Crypto AG in Zug, during the Cold War produced a ciphering unit, the TC-52, used for the red telephone line between the White House and Moscow).

The Hagelin machine was used on the side of the Allies in World War II. These included the Vatican, as well the governments of Iraq, Iran, and Libya. ... Acc. to: J. Orlin Grabbe - copyright in 1997 under J. Orlin Grabbe at web page: http://orlingrabbe.com. By Wayne Madsen, Covert Action Quarterly 63, 30 Jan 1999: "...For decades, the US has routinely intercepted and deciphered top secret encrypted messages of 120 countries. These nations had bought the world's most sophisticated and supposedly secure commercial encryption technology from Crypto AG, a Swiss company ... All the while, because of a secret agreement between the National Security Agency (NSA) and Crypto AG, they might as well have been hand delivering the message to Washington. ... The cover shielding the NSA-Crypto AG relationship was torn in March 1992...".
A. G. Damm edited the first a brochure in April 1917, he was the founder of the Company in 1916 (or 1915 by Boris Hagelin), with Wahlberg as the A. B. Cryptograph. See: General Cartier, Francois, Secrecy in Radiotelegraphy.

Estonians were also active on radio-intelligence before the Second World War. Olev Oun was a phenomenal decipherer, "...and had managed to break the latest code of the Red Army during the Polish campaign in September 1939. Unfortunately, no materials are available to support or argue the words of that high-ranking Finnish intelligence officer ... German military attache in Tallinn, Colonel Horst Rsing, evaluated the Estonian radio-intelligence against the Soviet Union as more successful than the Finnish one ... Andres Kalmus was a highly competent technical expert in radio intelligence, while Olev Oun was a talented Estonian cryptanalyst".
Arne Carl-August Beurling, b. 1905, was a Swedish mathematician and professor of mathematics at Uppsala University. "...In the summer of 1940 he single-handedly deciphered and reverse-engineered an early version of the Siemens and Halske T52 also known as the Geheimfernschreiber (secret teletypewriter) used by Nazi Germany in World War II for sending ciphered messages ... Beurling's great - grandfather was Per Henric Beurling b. 1758 / 1763, died in 1806, who founded a high quality clock factory in Stockholm in 1783". See: Lars Ulfving, The Geheimschreiber Secret. Arne Beurling and the success of Swedish signals intelligence, edited by Bo Hugemark, Probus Förlag, Stockholm 1992.
"...Swedish intelligence services in the modern sense of the word had indeed been already established in the beginning of this century. The armed forces intelligence service had increased in 1905, during the Union crises, and in the First World War. The General Staff and Naval Staff of that time both had their own signals intelligence and cryptographic units. ... The first successful attempts to break foreign cipher traffic were made in spring 1933, when they succeeded in breaking the cipher then used by the OGPU (later the KGB). These breaks into foreign military ciphers were probably the first to be made in Sweden after the First World War".

Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin b. 1892 in Adzhikent, the Elizavetpol province, now Azerbaijan, was Swedish entrepreneur, inventor of encryption devices. Developer electromechanical encryption units, (rotary machines) of Arvid Damm and mechanical cipher machines.

Founder of the Swiss company Crypto AG / Crypto A. G., which specializes in information and telecommunications security.
Above named the Elizavetpol Province / Yelizavetpol quberniya, and above Ganja / Gənce, 1804 to 1918 was called Yelizavetpol, 1935 renamed Kirovabads.
His father, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin worked as a manager in an oil Nobel company in Baku. 1899, Carl Hagelin was appointed director and moved with his family to St. Petersburg. 1915, Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin began his career in Vasteras in the Swedish electrical company ASEA, supplier of equipment for the Nobels.

Being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1. Boris Hagelin in 1922 was appointed to represent their interests in the company. 1925 when Damme moved to Paris to collaborate with the telegraph companies (Breguet-Brown), Boris Hagelin headed the firm.
After the death of Arvid Damm in 1927 and the death of Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 died in 1932 - a nephew of Alfred Nobel, control of the company passed to Hagelin. In 1934, the French General Staff began to develop a pocket Hagelin cipher machine.

Acc. to: http://www.branobelhistory.com/ under copyright by The Centre for Business History in Stockholm and branobelhistory.com, we read:

"...Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ... In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers ... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. (see Stanislaw Despot Zenowicz!) ... During his initial period in Baku (1879-1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ... Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing on board the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...

he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time).

In 1923, Karl Wilhelm Hagelin was elected as an honorary member of the Swedish Society of Engineers...".

Acc. to: Boris Hagelin, The Story of the Hagelin-Cryptos, Zug 1981.

Boris Hagelin was born in 1892, in Adschikent, a small summer resort. His father was a Swede, who had been born in St Petersburg in 1860. He was manager of the Nobel Company's oil fields in Baku. He had joined the company in 1879, director in 1899. Boris was living in St Petersburg 1899 to 1904. His first job, the supervision of the construction of an electric power station on one of the Nobel oil fields in Baku. Nobels had ordered the equipment from ASEA in Vastraos.
"...Emanuel Nobel was very generous towards me and financed the establishing of a small engineering office in Stockholm. During my stay in the USA I had acquired some inventions, which I developed which made me financially independent. The decisive turning point in my life came, however, when Emanuel Nobel entrusted me with the supervision of a small company which he had begun to finance in 1921 - the A.B. Cryptograph. This company was founded in 1915 with the objective to develop and manufacture ciphering machines invented by the Swedish engineer A. G. Damm. In 1925 I assumed the management of the company as well as the development of saleable products. This was a fascinating task although I did not have any knowledge of cryptography. Mr. A. G. Damm died in 1927. In 1932 the A. B. Cryptograph was liquidated and replaced by the A.B. Cryptoteknik. A.B. Cryptoteknik manufactured only mechanical and electro mechanical ciphering machines. After World War II the need for ciphered telegraph transmission became obvious. In order to be able to work without the interference of the Swedish Government - ciphering machines were at that time considered war material - I decided to move to Zug, Switzerland. I first collaborated with the Swiss inventor Dr. E. Gretener, but later established a small independent laboratory. CRYPTO AG was in corporated on May 13, 1952, and had at first just one employee. My Swedish activities were transferred to CRYPTO AG, and since the name 'Hagelin Cryptos' had already become well known before i World War II the enterprise grew so fast that in 1966 a new manufacturing and administration building was built in Zug - Steinhausen".
Damm also constructed purely mechanical machine which printed both the plaintext and the ciphertext. Four of these machines were sold to Japan. Finally Damm invented a system with rotors, i.e., alphabet permutating wheels. The best-known machine using rotors was the German ENIGMA.
Damm aimed to interest the large telegraph companies in his machine. After 1921, Damm's interests in cipher machines were concentrated in the field of radio telegraphy: Marconi, Telefunken, TSF and Western Union.

Piotr Wodziński, a year ago (2011, Merkuryusz), after reading the 'three very interesting books' published an article 'Not only Enigma', wrote Mariasz in March 2012 at http://mariasz.salon24.pl/397497.
"These books are: Chapman, 'Japan in Poland's Secret Neighbourhood War', Ken Kotani, 'Japanese Intelligence in World War II', McCay, Bengt Beckman, 'Swedish Signal Intelligence'.
The thing applies to the pre-war and wartime cooperation of the Japanese, Polish, Finnish, Estonian and Swedish intelligence. Directed against the Soviets. In this cooperation, information obtained from radio intelligence played a key role".
See: http://merkuryusz.com/nr_09.html - "...The secret protocol of the Ribbentrop - Molotov Pact and the Soviet preparations for the invasion were not - for the Polish secret services - any secret. Could not be. A specialized publications of Japan report that the imperial SIGNIT broken in June 1939, the 4-digit code of the Soviet army, 4 digit code of border guard and 3-digit code of Air Force. Soviets changed their Army codes after the Battle of Nomonhan ... as the Battle of Chalchyngol, after September 16 , 1939, implemented the new five-digit code OK40, which, however, already in September 1939 was broken by the Estonian secret services. ... the Polish radio-intelligence was a part of a very effective anti-Soviet network - exchange information on a mass scale with the services of the Japanese, Estonian, Finnish and Swedish ... What's more, our radio-intelligence was regarded as the best part of this network. This surely, we were learning Japanese ... (after September 1939 two of our cryptographers has been employed by the Japanese services and worked during the war in Tokyo). When the Swedes turned out about technical assistance to the Estonians, they directed their to our secret services, pointing that they are the most professional...".
See : http://konstantynowicz.info/17_wrzesnia_1939_agresja_sowiecka/tajny_zalacznik_pakt_ribbentrop_molotow_23_sierpnia_1939/index.html

Arvid Gerhard Damm d. 1927, was a Swedish engineer and inventor. He designed a number of cipher machines. Damm was originally a textile engineer, and worked as an engineering manager in a textile factory in Finland.

Edward Hugh Hebern b. 1869, was an early inventor of rotor machines, devices for encryption. Acc. to 'On the history of cryptography in Russia', by N. N. Tokareva, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics: P. L. Shilling, and V. I. Krivosh-Nemanich, were the first in cryptography and cryptanalysis in history of Russia.

Vladimir Ivanovich (Кривош-Неманич) Krivoch Niemanich / Nemanjic b. 1865, polyglot and cryptographer, thanks to the knowledge of many languages, was enrolled in the University of St. Petersburg in 1886, he studied at the Sorbonne, served as an interpreter for the Admiralty, was sent to Paris to study foreign experience in matters of censorship; until 1911 he worked in the Special Naval General Staff of the paperwork for the management agents; he became the first Russian cryptographer, learn more in France at that time; after the February Revolution in 1917 returned to St. Petersburg, makes notes for Lenin himself; Lenin ordered to enroll Krivoch Niemanich in the newly created People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, to translate (look for the Nieciejewski family from the Berezina parish); he was arrested on charges of bribery of nobles for missing abroad and spent six months in prison, but back to work as a translator for Military control - then known as intelligence and counterintelligence of Bolsheviks under the control of the former Tsarist General M. Bonch - Bruevich;
after the revolution, he collaborated with Soviet cryptographic service, was again arrested but next release and was working for a new counterintelligence; died 1942 in Ufa.



The main events in the history of the Russian telegraph:

W. Siemens established company 'Trading house of Siemens and Halske' in St. Petersburg for repair and construction empire Russian telegraphs, in 1853. 1870 the Russian army started building the military telegraph parks. 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878. L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap. 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department. 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA. 1904, Captain 2nd Rank A. A. Remmert appointed head of business wireless telegraphy in the Marine Department. The Telefunken, JSC Russian Electrotechnical plants 'Siemens and Halske' and A. S. Popov agreed on the establishment in St. Petersburg 'Branch for wireless telegraphy system'. 1905, Naval Department made a contract with JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske' for delivery to the Navy 24 stations of the 'Telefunken'. Open the radio station in Revel, 1913. 1915, L. E. Gabrilovich established in Petrograd, the Universal Russian company of radio - telegraph, radio - telephone and electric devices (VRKR). 1916, stopped activity of JSC Russian electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1917 April, 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', DEKA, now as 'акционерное общество Заводов электромеханических сооружений'.

Acc. to: T. V. Alekseev, ed. 2010:
In the first of these stages, which lasted until the beginning of the 1890s, created small workshops for repair and installation works, as well as the production of simple parts. The priority of this case belonged to the German entrepreneur V. Siemens who in 1853 founded in the Russian capital firm called 'Trading House of Siemens and Halske' were performed under a government orders a series of telegraph lines. The Russian government to conclude a long-term contract with the company for the construction of new telegraph communication lines, and the company itself became known as a company for 'building and repairing the Imperial Russian Telegraph'. At the beginning of 1868 in private house on the 1st line of Vasilievsky island in St. Petersburg opened a mechanical workshop, for co-production of the telegraphs. Mechanic N. K. Geisler in 1874 in his apartment opened small electromechanical workshop; here was repairing telegraph 'Belle Black' and also master L. H. Josef in 1884 start to produce a small - wire switches. The second stage of the formation of the electrical industry in St. Petersburg was due to the introduction of the new customs tariff in 1891. First in a series of these enterprises, was 'Siemens and Halske'; N. K. Geisler in the mid of 1890s sets of commercial communication with the American company 'Western Electric' building in 1895 - 1896 in St. Petersburg a Branch of the Western Electric - telephone and telegraph plant. In 1896, a new venture 'electro-mechanical plant of N. K. Geisler and Co'; it was already employs 100 workers after a contract from January 5, 1897 between Geisler and the American company. In the capital of the Russian Empire there was 'a large triple enterprises': Siemens and Halske, Geisler and L. M. Erickson, determined by the position on the market of wired and later radio communications.

In November 1892 established 'general partnership' of the Dyuflon and Constantinovich to 'use of electricity and mechanics to industry, to the railway, military, naval and aeronautical affairs and the private use'.

Its founders became a Swiss citizen and Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz, who acted as representatives of the interests of two French companies: Sotter, Harle and Co and (electrical machinery, dynamos, motors) 'E. Gabrielle and N. Angenolt' / 'Е. Габриель и Н. Ангенольт' (incandescent lamps). Production activities based in St. Petersburg workshop and imported from France.
At the end of 1895 on the island in St. Petersburg land has been purchased, on December 14, 1896 has opened a new plant, electromechanical plant of facilities. In 1897, for the purpose of capital expansion general partnership was converted into a limited partnership 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co'.
It should be noted that founded in 1899 'Telephone ... plant of K. Lorenz', proprietor was a German citizen O. V. Treplin. In 1900, the industrial crisis has pushed the idea of ​​corporatization and owners association like Dyuflon, Constantinovich and Co. In September 1901 the general meeting of shareholders of the new company, approved its name 'Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical installations', the former partnership of Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co, as well as the size of the authorized capital in the amount of 750 thousand rubles.

The cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with security agencies, primarily by the Navy Ministry / the Ministry of the Sea, in terms of delivery of products for radio-military industry began in 1912

(General Jan Jacyna b. 1864, son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz, the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery, Major-General in 1911, married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki; he served in a "Main technical committee" of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891; 1901 - 1917 member on "the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry and next of the War and Navy Ministry in Petersburg; then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during the First world war; since 1915 he co-operated with "Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives.
Acc. to me, the cooperation 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company with the military intelligence and counter-intelligence security agencies, under the Ministry of the Sea / the Navy Ministry, had started before 1912 because the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century and when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo but especial at the turn of the 20th century - it was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century; this connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?
Anyway it relate to Poland only, and not to our easterly neighbours, e.g. Russia and Belarus. This is exciting subject for our family and to historians for the sake of connections with a couple of intelligences, and also it's the example of a genealogical tree on which based the important military structure of communist Poland for 50 years. Very broad, general information on these reciprocal connections was published for the first time in 2003 at my websites after researches ongoing 10 years and it was possible just after complete destruction of previous political system. Particular families of our ancestry didn't know mutually each other and they didn't know general image of this military genealogy up to 1995 (in piece) / 2003 (better in detail). This strange configuration in the genealogy and surprising family relationships give evidence to military service of somebody from our Konstantynowicz family in Soviet Union),

and in June of this year also as a result of fire damage of electromechanical Plant company N. N. Glebov and Co, located in St. Petersburg, had started contracts with the Maritime Office on delivery of dynamos for radio stations. Shareholders decided not to rebuild the plant and the stock company transfered orders to the 'Electromechanical installations' - Duflon and Konstantynowicz. In the company of Glebov head of the test station was electrical engineer V. P. Vologdin. He signed in April 1912 contract with the captain of the port of Kronstadt to make a machine for high frequency power. After a fire at the plant Glebov, Vologdin passes in the 'AO electro-mechanical installations', where he became chief of the technical office. Since then, the company Duflon and Konstantynowicz transformed into a supplier of the main generators of naval power stations that immediately affected the results of its production and financial activities.
Besides, to expand the range of equipment for military radio, management begins with 1912 active search for foreign partners for the organization and production activities in this market. In July 1912 it acquired the right of representation of the French company 'Compagnie Generale Radiotelegraphique', CGR and offered military and maritime authorities a number of products of this company. On April 23, 1913 signed an agreement on cooperation with the French radio company 'Societe Francaise Radio-Electrique', SFR. 'AO Electromechanical structures' becomes 'the sole representative of this company to operate its wireless telegraphy apparatus produced in Russia', and in the same 1913 proceeds to own wireless telegraphy equipment workshops.
The Board of 'Electromechanical facilities', expand the range of equipment for military and naval authorities on the dynamo engines, dynamo - electric power and other equipment, in the spring of 1915 commissioned a new factory building. And in the summer of 1915 again petitioned to the mayor of Petrograd on the construction of two new buildings.

In 18th cent. we have the first connection of the Trubecki family to Glebov: mother of Nikolai Trubetskoy was Maria Yakovlevna Glebova.
In the 19th century the director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki / Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy, with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, has a daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebov, she b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936. Sophia married to Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2 , 1878. Vladimir Glebov b. 1848 and died ca 1926; his father Pyotr Glebov 1813 - 1883 and grandfather Glebov Mikhail Petrovich 1789 - 1852; great-grandfather Pyotr Glebov born ca 1760 ?
The 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. Nikolai N. Glebov b. 1864 was owner. Nikolai Glebov b. at Mologa County, the Yaroslavl Province; a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire, a member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party, engineer, entrepreneur, organizer of power engineering and electrical companies; inventor. Friend of Shakhovskii and Vernadsky / В. И. Вернадски
(Konstantynowicz next of kin - see below).
His father Nicholas A. Glebov 1824 - 1869. His brother Andrei Glebov born 1858 married to daughter of Mikhail Kutuzov Musin-Pushkin. Above Nicholas A. Glebov / Nikolai A. Glebov was son of Andrei Glebov b. 1786 and a grandson of Nikolai Glebov b. 1755 who had brothers: Sergey Glebov, Pavel Glebov, Dmitry Glebov born in 1766; all they had father Nikolai Glebov born ca 1730? Varvara Nikolaevna nee Lodyzhensky 1838 - 1921, pianist, daughter of Nikolai Lodyzhensky, she was mother of Nikolai Glebov b. 1864. The elder brother Andrei Glebov 1858 - 1895 was engineer. Nikolai Glebov b. 1864 graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Communications in 1887, became a partner of his elder brother, graduated Electromechanical Institute in Paris, specializing in electrical engineering. Founded in 1904 an electrical company 'Glebov and Co.' in Petersburg and in Moscow. At this plant as head of a test station in 1907 worked V. P. Vologdin. In 1913 it was bought by Russian electrical corporation 'Dynamo' from Moscow. Nikolai Glebov was the owner of the electricity company 'Electron'.

On above Vernadsky:
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. on February 28 / March 12, 1863, Saint Petersburg;
his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Anna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, was a Polish noblewoman.
In the summer of 1917 came to his estate in Ukraine. The founder and first president on October 27, 1918 the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Was a professor and rector in 1920 - 1921 Tauride University in Simferopol. The Vernadsky family arrives in Petrograd and headed a radiochemical laboratory, but on July 14, 1921 Vernadsky / Wernadski was arrested and taken to jail; The next day, he was being accused of spying, Vernadsky was released. Karpinski and Oldenburg sent a telegram to Lenin and Lunacharsky, and after Semashko / Siemaszko, Kuzmin and Lenin ordered the release of Vernadsky. Vernadsky participated in the creation of the Radium Institute. 1922 to 1926 worked abroad in Prague and Paris at the Sorbonne, and Institute Curie, which investigated for a new radioactive element - return in 1926. In those days, many wondered - how he survived in the years of repression? In the summer of 1935 Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky went abroad to Carlsbad and he worked in Paris, London, Germany - met with her daughter Nina b. 1898 in marriage Toll, In the years of repression Vernadsky resigned from all administrative posts.
From 1927 until his death served as Director of the Biogeochemical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In the summer of 1940 on the initiative of Vernadsky began research of uranium for a nuclear energy. Since the beginning of the war was evacuated to Kazakhstan.



The father of Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling /
Schilling von Kannstadt / Schilling von Cannstatt
- Louis Joseph Ferdinand Schilling was a lieutenant or colonel in the Russian army. His sister married in 1780 by Christoph Count Benkendorf / Benckendorf / von Benckendorff. The grandfather, Karl Friedrich, Baron Schilling von Cannstatt.

Anna Juliane von Benckendorff (under copyright by geni.com, Freiin Schilling von Canstadt) b. ca 1746; her husband Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff b. 1749 and her sons: Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich Graf von Benckendorff (b. 1781 / 1782 - died 1844, Russia's military commander, General of Cavalry, chief of police, Chief of III separation Office 1826 - 1844; brother of Constantine Benckendorff and Dorothea Lieven) and Konstantin Christophorowitsch Graf von Benckendorff b. 1785; and her granddaughter - Sophia von Benckendorff b. 1825; her father Karl Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1697, and grandfather Ludwig Friedrich Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1654; her brother Ludwig Joseph Ferdinand Freiherr Schilling von Canstadt b. 1753, who has son Paul Ludwig Schilling von Canstadt b. 1786 - d. 1837 (Emperor Nicholas visited him to ask to see the telegraph experiments, he presented his telegraph in 1833 in Berlin; 1835, he again traveled to Western Europe).

In 1835, Baron Pavel L'vovitch von Schilling introduced his needle telegraph. "...In Germany and Russia, where in 1837 he had suggested concrete telegraphic transmission lines, his ideas were largely ignored" but Tsar Nicholas I decreed on 19 May 1837 the construction of a 30 km stretch of electrically operated telegraph line from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, which was not realized because Schillings death.
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt /  Schilling von Canstadt, von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Note at margin:
Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt: Julius Karl Otto Baron von Schilling b. 1831 in Orgena / Orina, Järva - Jaani - south-west of Rakvere, Järvamaa in Estonia; his wife Elsbeth von Benckendorff Lowenwolde born 1843 Varrangu - south-west of Rakvere, and her father was Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald - south of Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland. Her grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 and great - grandfather Hermann Johann von Benckendorff b. 1751 from Wiborg (Viiburi, Выборг / Voborg, Viipuri, Viborg), Karjala-Soome / Karelia.

Georg Wolther Baron von Schilling b. 1834 in Orgena, Järva-Jaani, Estonia. The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von Römer of Müüsleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, Järva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ Müüsleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani.
Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Johann von Benckendorff or Hans Ulrich Nathanael von Benckendorff, b. 1882 in Jendel (Jäneda - south-west of Rakvere, and south-east of Tallinn), Lääne-Virumaa, d. on April 19, 1919 in Jendel / Jäneda. He was son of Alexander Gustav Konstantin Benckendorff, from Jendel, by Henrik Manitski in 2012: b. 1846 in Warrang (Varangu - north of Rakvereca 18 km), Väike-Maarja vald. Died 1910 in above Jendel (Jäneda - ca 65 km east of Saku). Grandfather Gustav Hermann Christoph Benckendorff, b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald; great-grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 in Gatchina, owner of Warrang / Varangu, Löwenwolde /Liigvalla and Jendel /Jäneda. Note:

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 or 1783, d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General and the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia. His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven a socialite and political force in London and Paris. He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844. His family possesed Schloss Fall / Keila-Joa from 1827 or 1837 and in 1830s Meremőisa / Merremois / Meremoisa, close to Keila-Joa. His relatives: Gertrude Margaretha von Benckendorff nee Staël von Holstein, wife of Georg Christian Benckendorff and Otto Wilhelm von Essen. This Georg Christian von Benckendorff b. 1754 died 1790 in Hamina, Finland. He was son of Johann Michael Ivanovich von Benckendorff d. Reval, was born 1720 in Reval /Tallinn; and he was grandson of Johann IV von Benckendorff b. 1659 in Riga and d. 1727 Riga. Above Johann Michael Ivanovich von Benckendorff was father of Christoph Ivanovich von Benckendorff; Katharina Christina von Brevern; Hermann Johann von Benckendorff; Georg Christian von Benckendorff and Johann / Иван Иванович von Benckendorff, by Peter Trefilov in 2010. Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf b. 1720 d. 1775, his parents: Johann Benckendorf b. April 26, 1659 d. June 17, 1727 and Clara von Schulz / von Schultz d. 1731. Above Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf / Ivan Johann Benckendorf Ivanovich - Lieutenant-General, chief commandant of Revel, the grandfather of the famous A. H. Benckendorf. Born in 1720, he came from an old noble family of Franconia that in the XVI century moved to Livonia. Father of Christoph Ivanovich Benckendorff b. 1749
(father of Alexander Konstantin Karl Wilhelm Christoph Christophorowich von Benckendorff b. 1781
[his children: Anna Aleksandrovna von Benckendorff; Maria Aleksandrovna Wolkonski; Sophia; Anna - copyright by Peter Trefilov, Alla Povod and Henn Sarv];
Natalie Marie Elisabeth /Мария Христофоровна Schewitsch; Konstantin Christophorowitsch Benckendorff; Katharina Alexandra Dorothea /Дарья Христофоровна von Lieven);
Katharina Christina von Brevern; Hermann Johann Benckendorff
(father of Sophie Christina Gertrude von Helffreich; Katharina Juliane Dorothea Stael von Holstein; Paul Friedrich Benckendorff
[Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff / Павел Ермолаевич Бенкендорф b. 1784, born in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi of landlords Johann Hermann von Benckendorff and Christine Elisabeth von Brevern; in the Army in 1802, 1813 was elected by the Estonian Provincial Assembly; 1818 he was a member of the Estonian knighthood; 1833 - 1841 he became civilian governor of Estonia. Married 1805 Helene Dorothea Margarethe Elisabeth von Rehbinder 1788-1856; were born: Christiane Wilhelmine Sophie von Benckendorff (1806-1863), married Karl von Baranoff, Gustava Magdalena Marie von Benckendorff (1811-1892), married Otto Gustav von Lilienfeld, Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff (1815-1883), chief of the Estonian knighthood, Christoph Karl Gustav von Benckendorff (1817-1842), Gotthard Alexander Konstantin von Benckendorff (1819-1851). Above named Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff married Elisabeth von Rehbinder that is Dorothea Helene Margarethe Elisabeth Rehbinder was daughter of Gustav Wilhelm von Rehbinder and Sophie Christina von Rehbinder and granddaughter of Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder, burial in Reval, b. 1638 - 1696, d. ca 1711; son of Wilhelm Christoph von Rehbinder, d. ca on September 28, 1703; son of Wilhelm von Rehbinder. Some details at margin: Johanna Sophie von Toll nee von Rehbinder 1740 - 1801, her father Otto Magnus von Rehbinder from Kockora / Kokora - 40 km north-east of Tartu / Dorpat, and her grandfather Arend Wilhelm von Rehbinder, and great-grandfather Wilhelm Christoph von Rehbinder b. ? - died ca 1703, her husband Christian Wilhelm von Toll, and her children: Johann Wilhelm Baron von Toll and Adolf Friedrich Baron von Toll. Von Toll family, the noble family of Baltic Germans, had the title of baron, from Reval now Tallinn in the province of Estonia (Эстония), Russian Empire and Dorpat now Tartu. The Toll family estate: 20 km south-west of Jarva-Jaani, Vodja is a village in Kareda Parish, north of Sargvere, and north-east of Sarevere; in Järva County, Estonia (Vodia / Veisenshtein / Wodja. Above Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt / Schilling von Canstadt: Julius Karl Otto Baron von Schilling b. 1831 in Orgena / Orina, Järva - Jaani - south-west of Rakvere, Järvamaa in Estonia; his wife Elisabeth / Elsbeth von Benckendorff Lowenwolde born 1843 Varrangu - south-west of Rakvere, and her father was Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff b. 1815 in Gilsenhof / Kiltsi, Väike-Maarja vald - south of Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Estland. Her grandfather Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff b. 1784 and great - grandfather Hermann Johann von Benckendorff b. 1751 from Wiborg (Viiburi, Выборг / Vőborg, Viipuri, Viborg), Karjala-Soome / Karelia. Gustav Hermann Christoph von Benckendorff (1815-1883), chief of the Estonian knighthood];
Theodor Benckendorff and Magdalena Elisabeth von Brümmer);
Georg Christian von Benckendorff
(father of Helene Margarethe Sophie; Katharina Margarethe Elisabeth / Kattinka; Marie Katharina / Maschinka)
and Johann /Иван Иванович von Benckendorff
(father of Pauline / Полина Ивановна Бенкендорф; Sophie / Софья Ивановна Хрущев; Aleksandr / Александр Иванович Benckendorff; Владимир Иванович Бенкендорф).
Eldest son of Johann Michael Ivanovich Benckendorf b. 1720: Christoph Ivanovich Benckendorff / Christopher Benckendorf Ivanovich 1749-1823 - General of Infantry, the military governor of Riga. From this son were born two sons, Alexander (cavalry general, a member of the State Council) and Constantine (Adjutant General), daughter Daria was married to a member of the Council of State H. A. Lieven. Above Benckendorf Ivan Ivanovich / Johann Michael 1720-1775 married Sophia Elizabeth nee Lowenstern, 1777 with the Court; from this marriage were born four sons, of whom the senior Christopher - entered military service in 1760, in 1762 was already an officer of the Count Chernyshev troops and took part in the final affairs of the Seven Years' War. His wife - Anna Juliana nee Baroness von Schilling Canstadt 1759 - ca 1830, she was a childhood friend of the Empress Maria Feodorovna; from this marriage were born two sons, Alexander (cavalry general, a member of the Council of State) and Constantine (Adjutant General), daughter Daria was married to a member of the Council of State H. A. Lieven.

Major-General of the gendarmerie
(counterintelligence and being the successor in office of Benkendorf; General Dubelt / Dubbelt, Staff Commander of the Corps of Gendarmes 1835-1856)
Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region; he enjoyed high confidence and patronage of the king. Von Dubelt, Leonti Vasilyevich / Leonti Wassiljewitsch Dubelt (b. 1792 died 1862), born into a family of Vasily Ivanovich Dubbelt by his wife - Mary Grigorievna Shperter vel Medina Celli, Princess;
his brother Peter, Colonel.
Von Dubelt is the German noble family from Livonia since the beginning of the 18th century.
Ivan Dubbelt entered the Russian service. His sons, Vasily and Mikhail Dubbelt.
Above Leonti V. Dubbelt married Anna Nikolaevna Persian nee Mordvinov in 1818.
In marriage, had two sons:
Nicholas / Nikolai (1819-1874)
and Michail / Michael (1822-1900).
Michael Leontievich Dubbelt or Dubelt was Lieutenant-General (1897). Dubbelt / Dubelt Michael or Michail Leontievich who was born February 8, 1822 in Kiev, Russian cavalry Major General, he was commandant of the Tiflis Alexandropol / Aleksandrapol fortress 1887-1890. His first wife Nataly / Natalia Puszkin / Natalja Aleksandrovna Pushkin since 1853, born May 23 / 4 Jun 1836 in St. Petersburg, was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, poet. This son - M. Dubelt in 1860, lost above named Kuvshinovo factory in gambler to hands of Peter Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1826 died 1880, the leader of the provincial nobility.

Prince Troubetzkoy in 1869 sold it to Michael Gavrilovich Kuvshinov; his father Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804 and his grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy born 1760: daughter of Alexander Gruzinsky - Princess Darejan or Daria Aleksandrovna Gruzinskaya died 1796, was married to Prince Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy / Piotr Sergiejevich Trubeckoj (1760-1817) with four children, including Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy (29 August 1790 - 22 November 1860) who was one of the organizers of the Decembrist movement and was a freemason.

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin b. May 26 / 6 June 1799 in Moscow, Russian poet; his paternal grandfather, Leo / Lev A. Pushkin was artillery colonel; father - Sergei L. Pushkin (1767-1848), a Pushkin's mother was a granddaughter of Hannibal. Brother of the poet - Lew vel Lev born 1805.
Nikolai Leontievich / Nicholas (1819-1874) was also Lieutenant-General (1864), commander 1852 - 1856 Belarusian Hussar Regiment.
Brother of Leonti Vasilievich - Peter V. Dubbelt (born 1794 in Mogilev, Belarus now), the Adjutant in 1822-26 of General N. N. Rajewski.
A cousin of Leonti Vasilievich - Ivan M. Dubbelt (born 1805, Riga), served in the Estonian Jaeger Regiment, took part in suppressing the Polish uprising of 1863-64.
His son Evgenii / Eugene I. Dubbelt, served from 1861 in Tiflis / Tbilisi.
The Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river.



Boris Siemionovich Jacobi / Moritz Hermann von Jacobi b. 1801 died 1874, St. Petersburg, invented a number of instruments for measuring the electrical resistance - voltagometrom.
In 1895 Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrated the device, detector, which was designed to record radio waves generated by the storm front - first radio receiver suitable for the implementation of wireless telegraphy. In 1899, "Popov has designed an improved version of the receiver of electromagnetic waves, where the reception of signals - Morse code - was carried out on the headphones operator - radio operator".


Watch maker, William Brown was dad of Edward Brown (born abt 1829). He was a watch maker, too. William Brown b. ca 1800, acc. to me; here was mistake - 1819. Elizabeth Brown maybe was a wife.

On the Clerkenwell district in London:

Izydor Jakub Gudak / Isadore Jacob Gudak / Irving John Good / I. J. or Jack Good b. 1916, a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing; from a Polish-Jewish family in London. His father Mosheh Oyved / Morris Edward Good or Moshe Oved alias Edward Good b. in Poland in 1885 - 1958, was a watchmaker, artist, sculptor (also from Jacob Epstein and Ben Uri; friend of John Ringling), the owner of a jewelry shop (Cameo Corner in Museum Street near the British Museum; on cameos, antique watches and clocks; Jewish ritual objects), poet, Zionist and the founder of the Ben Uri Society / Ben Uri Gallery / Museum in London, a Yiddish writer, a dealer in antique jewellery. He learnt the trade of a watches ca 1900, but in 1902 or 1903 emigrated to England. Mother Sophia Polikoff. Mosheh Oved / Moshe Gudak in London set up an antique jewellery shop. Sophia Polikoff was born in Russia and came to London at age eight with her parents. Morris and Sophia met in London. The Cameo Corner was founded in 1908 in New Oxford Street (No 1, close to Kingsway Str., and ca 1700 meters to west-south-west of Clerkenwell in London, by the Theobalds Road to the west) by Moshe Oved and in 1939 moved to its permanent home in Museum Street, Bloomsbury (1200 to 1400 meters to the west of Clerkenwell). Cameo Corner was the principal centre for the sale of jewellery in London for the first half of the twentieth century.

On the other side of this mirror, in 1904 Sir Charles Hardinge, the British ambassador in St Petersburg, discovered that a servant had been offered 1000 pounds to steal the embassy's main cipher. And after 1917, the Okhrana became the first modern intelligence service to make one of its major prorities the theft of foreign ciphers. Dmitri Aleksandrovich Bystroletov, Hans or Andrei, born 1901, the son of a Kuban cossack mother and novelist Aleksei Tolstoy, conquest for the OGPU in Prague in 1927, a codenamed Laroche from the French embassy. Acc. to The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of ..., by Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin.

In 1902, Vladimir Lenin moved the publication of the Iskra (Spark, issues 22 to 38) to London at 37a Clerkenwell Green. At that time Vladimir Lenin resided on Percy Circus, less than half a mile north of Clerkenwell Green. In 1903 the newspaper 'Iskra' / 'Iskry' was moved to Geneva.

In summer 1904 - Lenin and Krupskaya / Krupska left Geneva for longer holiday; Lenin and Krupskaya settled first in Lausanne, then changed it to Montreux in 1904 (Kropotkin, Konstantynowicz), the starting point of a multi-week trip to the mountains, chose the wildest trails, climbed into the wilderness, away from people; their journey was very interesting: from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz, Breguet, Rey, Duflon, Kropotkin, Bakst), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29 / 34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux or from Chateau d'Oex, Montbovon, Les Avants to Montreux some on a railway; the railway from Montbovon to Chateau d'Oex opened on 19 August 1904 and then Gstaad since 20 December 1904), where before returning to Geneva, Lenin and Krupskaya lived in a guest house near lac de Bret (Lac de Bret, Puidoux, Suisse - close to Riex, Cully, 5 km north-east of Cully, ca 15 km east of Lausanne, and 9 km north-west of Vevey; see: Breguet and Duflon, Diserens) in company with Bogdanov; the walk had beneficent effect on Lenin; the nerves came back to normal. How long the journey took for Lenin? It can be answered accurately; their tour began in early July 1904 and lasted nearly two months. Montreux and Vevey nearby well known in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Stayed here Tchaikovsky, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gogol, Vyazemskij, Stravinsky, Diaghilev. Somewhere nearby, in the mountains, held secret meetings of Lenin in 1904 (mountains east of Montreux to Saanen).
Alyaksandr Malinovsky / Aliaksandr Alyaksandravіch Malіnoўskі / Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov / Malinowski / Werner / Maksimov, b. 1873 in Sokółka, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland), of Belarusian ethnicity, a doctor, economist, philosopher; 1901 to 1904 he lived in exile in Vologda, 1904 to 1907 he supported Lenin's Bolshevik fraction; during Lenin's Swiss exile between 1905 and 1907, Bogdanov was the representative of the Bolshevik Central Committee in Russia. Bogdanov and Lenin met in Switzerland in the summer of 1904 and entered into an alliance, to 1909. First wife - Natalia Bogdanovna nee Korsak 1865-1945, second wife - A. Smirnov. Sister Anna Lunacharsky (1884-1959) - writer and an interpreter, the first wife of A. V. Lunacharsky.

Lenin and Stalin met in London in the Crown and Anchor pub (The Crown Tavern, 50 m east of Lenin 'Iskra') in 1903. But at this time people from 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company and around the Armand family were involved in 'left' activity:
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling who elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918; Brilling i.e. Briling, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's 'Iskra', 1907 doctor in field of engines.
At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Inessa / Инесса Елизавета Федоровна Арманд was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon / the Duflon office address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903.

"Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupska. Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich / Константинович, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910. After the events in Prague in 1912 around Lenin gathered clouds. In Paris, he literally did not allow the passage of political opponents. And Ulyanov family moved to Krakow / Cracow. Inessa went from Paris to Krakow later and arrived there accompanied by his former pupil Георгий Сафаров / George Safarov. This young man, aged 21, was married and his wife was in good companionship with Inessa; history is silent why Valentina Safarova did not go with her husband in Krakow and stayed in Paris. Michael Pearson: Inessa favored men younger than herself, an allusion to Vladimir Armand; the fact was that at that time Lenin had problems with the publication of 'Pravda', edition which was in Russia; british explorer R. C. Elwood based on a detailed analysis of the text of messages from Inessa to Alexander writes that her husband at her request send Inessa three thousand rubles for the publication of this newspaper; the first issue of 'Pravda' was published May 5, 1912 with a resolution adopted at the Prague conference. But Lenin was not happy with the result. Newspaper editors did not want to obey him, some of Lenin's articles are generally not published and openly ignored the decision of the Prague Conference on the establishment of the Bolshevik Party.

The last of the Breguets, "... looked around for someone suitable to make a partner and continue the Firm after his time. He knew a first-class mechanician in Clerkenwell named Edward Brown, who was induced to go to Paris to look after the factory. Eventually he became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm. Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired, ... 1920. Thus Monsieur Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm ... The general information I have gained by consulting certain books such as ... Mr. Hull, of the Firm of Messrs. Le Roy, in London, Mr. Henry Brown ... and his son, Mr. George Brown... Mr. Desoutter, of London, who has made a life- long study of Breguet's work...", acc. to THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, ,BREGUET 1747 - 1823', BY SIR DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS.
The Brown family and others in Clerkenwell:
James Brown, at 24, Noble-street (south-east, ca 1200 m from Lenin 'Iskra'), Clerkenwell (Barbican) in 1828, and at 3, Newcastle place, Clerkenwell-close (900 m south of Lenin 'Iskra'). The Baume Brothers, Importers of Geneva Watches, at 9, Ashley street, Northampton square, Clerkenwell, and at Aux Bois, Canton of Berne, Switzerland. BROWN Sophia b. 1859 in Clerkenwell, London, parent James Brown.

Antoine-Louis Breguet drove the prestigious business into bankruptcy. "His son, Louis-Clement Breguet, eventually took over. He invented the first electric clocks but decided to leave and concentrate on electric telegraphs and telecommunications. The business was sold to the English watchmaker, Edward Brown".


In 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to
Edward Brown; he collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel,
and he met
Alexander Graham Bell
and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.

He had one son

Antoine b. 1851 and he was grandfather of

Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer.

The great-grandson of Louis François Clément Breguet:
Louis Antoine b. 1851 d. 1882, was the last of the Breguet family to run the business.

So he took on noted English watchmaker Edward Brown of Clerkenwell to look after the Paris factory. London-born Edward Brown became the factory manager, his partner - 1870 - and, after Breguet's death, the owner and head of the company. His sons Edward and Henry Brown headed the firm into the 20th century. By Michael Weare at http://clicktempus.com/turning-points-in-time-breguet: under Brown and his descendants, Breguet remained a niche Parisian watchmaking boutique for the next century. Edward Brown died in 1895, and was succeeded by his

two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

Thus Henry Brown became the Head of Breguet's Firm. The watching making firm continues to market itself under the name of 'Breguet'. The electrical instrument business trades first under the name of

'Breguet fabricant' and from 1881 - 'Maison Breguet'. The Brown family owned the Breguet watch brand for 100 years, five years longer than the Breguets. The complicated watches were built by the

Joux Valley's leading watchmakers

including the Victorin Piguet workshops.

1881 'Maison Breguet' that is Maison Breguet SA was the name given to the Breguet family business after it had sold off to Edward Brown in 1870 and reorganized by 1881. It manufactured electrical instruments, telegraphs, telephones, and industrial engines. It continued to operate in Paris until 1898 when its factories were moved to an industrial area in northern France, acc. to http://dssmhi1.fas.harvard.edu/emuseumdev/
Address: 1881 at 81, boulevard Montparnasse in Paris, next at rue Didot in Paris, and after 1898 in Douai.
Louis Charles Bréguet, 1880 - 1955, was a famous French aviator, airplane designer, and industrialist, engineer, pilot, acc. to http://perso.wanadoo.fr. Louis Charles Breguet, his great-grandfather Abraham Louis Breguet. In 1905, Louis, his brother Jacques and Charles Robert Richet began construction of a gyroplane - prototype helicopter. 1907 the prototype made its first vertical take-off the pilot to a height of 50 cm. In 1905, he received an engineering degree, and the brothers began working in the family business for the production of electric motors and dynamos machines. Louis Clement decided to switch to the telegraph and communications.

Antoine Louis Breguet, Ecole Polytechnique, specialist of an electric motors, led the Breguet House, rue Didot; died very young, when Louis was only two years. Louis Breguet, an engineer at the Douai plant of Breguet House, interested in flying machines, assisted by Professor Charles Richet, a friend of his father, and by his brother Jacques, born in 1882; he went to work at the electrical engineering firm of his father, chief engineer of the Breguet House; in 1909, he learned to fly himself, acc. to: http://www.mae.ncsu.edu. In 1905 he was working gyroplane on a project.


Above named

Louis Charles Breguet b. 1880 in Paris died 1955,

was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers. In 1902, Louis married Nelly Girardet, the daughter of

painter Eugene Girardet.

Eugene-Alexis Girardet was born in Paris in 1853 into a family working in painting, engraving and lithography. All of his uncles, cousins and brothers - as well as several previous generations of Girardets - were engaged in either printmaking or painting. Jules Girardet, 1856-1938, studied under Alexandre Cabanel, FRENCH PAINTER.

Charles Girardet / Karl Girardet 1813 – 1871 was a Swiss painter

and illustrator who lived and worked mostly in Paris. After beginning his career as a landscape painter, he became a renowned history painter. He was born as Charles Girardet in Le Locle, son of the lithographer Charles-Samuel Girardet. After 1822, he lived in Paris, where he trained with Louis Hersent and Léon Cogniet; a study trip to Switzerland in 1833–35, Lausanne, and Italy in 1840

(see: 1. Paszkowski family in Cracow, Moscow, Rome in 1839 and Paris in 1839/1840 also!
2. William Lock / Locke, William, the younger (1767-1847), amateur artist, friend of Henry Fuseli; Locke painted historical and allegorical subjects, after 1819 he lived at Rome and Paris; leaving one son, William 3rd, and a daughter Elizabeth. Locke, William, the third (1804-1832), captain and amateur artist, published some illustrations to Byron's works. He was drowned in the lake of Como, Italy; married Selina, daughter of Admiral Tollemache; he had daughter,

Augusta Selina Locke b. 1833, married: a. Ernest Lord Burghersh,

b. the Duca di San Teodoro; Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! See: Locke / Lock family, above. 3. Luke Schaub from Neuchatel and Basel - In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy);

at Neuchatel, 1839–42; Le Locle is in the Canton of Neuchatel in Switzerland. It is situated a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds, 15 km north-west of Neuchatel
(see: Schaub, Duflon); 1848 Brienz, Switzerland, to 1850; Italy (1861–1862).
Girardet, Charles Samuel born 1780 in Le Locle close to Neuchatel, 1863 death at Versailles; son of Samuel, publisher and bookseller, and Marie-Anne Bourquin. Brothers Abram-Louis Girardet and Alexander Girardet m. Fanny Charlotte Favre, daughter of Charles Henry, pastor of Le Locle; studied engraving with his brothers and in 1805 he moved to Paris; 1813 to 1822, he is active in Locle; 1823, he returned to Paris.

In 1905, with his brother Jacques, and Charles Richet, Louis Charles Breguet (b. 1880) began work on a

gyroplane / helicopter. In 1912, Breguet constructed his first hydroplane.
Louis-Clement's grandsons,

Louis and Jacques Breguet

were France's aircraft pioneers, from the 1917 'Breguet 14' fighter-bomber helped turn the tide of war on the western front. Louis Breguet was one of the co-founders of Air France in 1933.
Engineer Louis Franzevich Dyuflon / L. Duflon, a Swiss 'Breguet' Company representative (he was very young, only aged 23), was Stefan Drzewiecki friend (the Polish family from the Volhynia government), and circa 1884 was searching of the structure of a dromoskop. Dyuflon sometimes was invited to have breakfast with Drzewiecki. Drzewiecki (Drzewiecki Stephane lived after in France: 5, rue Gustave-Zede, Paris) occupied luxury apartment in the house No 6 at Admiralty Seaside. In the evenings, the usual Drzewiecki guests were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov
(Lyubov Orlova-Denisova married to Nikolai Trubetskoy, she b. 1828, d. 1860. Her brother Fedor / Fiodor born 1802 or 1806 with wife from the

Nikitin family.

 Sister of above Lyubov nee Orlova-Denisova married Trubetskoy: Nadiezda / Nadjezda / Nadine Orlov-Denisov married to

Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin,

he born ? and died before 1868, Major-General, ataman Orenburg Cossacks - his parents: father Andrew / Andrej Katenin 'youngest' b. 1768 and d. 1835, wife -
Irina Lermontov. His grandfather Fedor Katenin and his great-grandfather Ivan Nikitich Katenin d. 4 December 1723. Mother of above named
Michail Andreevich Katenin - Irina Lermontov / Lermontow b. 1771 d. 1818. His brother Alexander A. Katenin, b. 1800 Kluseevo or Polovtsov in 1803 with wife Barbara I. Vadkovsky from Jan Wadkowski family. Above Michael / Michail Andreevich Katenin daughters: Mary or Maria
[Prince Nikolaoz / Nikolai Ilyich Gruzinski b. 7th August 1844, Governor of Vilno 1899 and Vice-Governor 1896 - 1899,

married in 1868 to Princess Maria Mikhailovna Katenin

- daughter of Colonel Mikhail Andreivitch Katenin, and Countess Nadejda Vasilievna, second daughter of General Count

Vasili Vasilievitch Orlov-Denissov.

He d. 1916, having two sons and four daughters: Prince Mikeli / Mikhail Nikolaievitch Gruzinski, b. 1886, a govt. official in Minsk in 1914, m. daughter of

Ivan Bzhozovskii / Jan Brzozowski;

Princess Mariami / Maria Nikolaievna, first wife of Andrei Alexeivitch Tregubov; Princess Nadina Nikolaievna / Nadejda Nikollaievna, married second time to

Lieutenant-General Alexei Mikhailovitch Kauffman, cdt. Grodno Hussars of the Guard, third son of General Mikhail Petrovitch Kauffmann, Engineer-General of Russia, d. at Warsaw, 30th October 1901;

Princess

Anastazia / Anastasia Nikolaievna Gruzinskaya,
1917 - she emigrated to Dvinsk / Daugavpils in Latvia,
where she participated in the Greek-Catholic movement
]
and Sofia d. 1908 married
Martynov. At margin: Martynov Dmitry M. born 1760 and his brother Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich b. 1774, d. 1839 or after 1840; a wife of above Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich: Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya / Elzbieta Tarnowska daughter of ?, Polish - but we know only Michal Tarnowski b. 1782 d. 1831 and his parents Jan Jacek Tarnowski b. 1729 and Rozalia Czacka - she b. 1783, d. 1851; her children: Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich 1815 / 1816 - 1875 / 1876 who in 1841 killed Lermontov in a duel, his family related to Kolirovsky and Romeiko - Hurko (Polish); Michael Solomonovich 1814-60;

Ekaterina Martynova Solomonovna

married Rzewska (Polish) / Rzhevskij Michal; Dmitry Martynov Solomonovich b. 1824 and died 1909; Elizabeth; Natalia b. 1819; Julia married Gagarin, b. 1821; also Pawel and Peter Solomonovich Martynov - friends of Stefan Drzewiecki, Polish nobleman but about Pawel and Peter no any inf.; above named Sofia d. 1908 and married ca 1880 to Viktor Martynov / Wiktor Martynow b. 1858 d. 1915 -

his father, Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich b. 1816

and his grandparents: Solomon M. Martinov and Elizabeth M. Tarnovskaya b. 1783)
,
engineer Breguet (Louis Antoine Breguet that is Antoine Breguet b. 1851 - died 1882, was engineer and his son

Louis Charles Breguet
b. 1880, d. 1955, was aircraft manufacturer

and was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers who - in 1905, with his brother Jacques Breguet - began work on a

gyroplane, the forerunner of the helicopter,

with flexible wings - like Igor Sikorsky and prof. Bothezat; Jacques Bréguet that is probably Mr Breguet who was the

engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Stefan Drzewiecki;

Louis and Jacques Breguet, of the famous clock- and watch-making family, were interested in aviation from an early age and on 19 September 1907, they, in cooperation with Professor Charles Richet, created the first helicopter
),

Dyuflon,

botanist professor Poiret / Poireau / Poirot,

K. E. Makovsky (Konstantin Yegorovich - that is son of Георгий or Юрий - Makovsky, b. Moscow in 1839 and died in Petrograd / St Petersburg on 30 Sept. 1915, painter, 1891 had become a member of the newly formed

'St Petersburg Society of Artists'
),

and the pretender to the Serbian throne, prince Karageorgievich, who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion (Arseny Karageorgievich b. 1859, d. 1938, who served until 1916 at the Russian military; the son of Serbian Prince Alexander Karadjordjevic and Princess Persia; was educated in Paris lycee and graduated from the 2nd Konstantinovskoye Military College in 1888; wife 1891/2 - 1896 of above Arseny Aleksandrovich Karageorgievich / Arseny prince Karageorgievich: Aurora Pavlovna Demidova di San Donato, b. 15 November 1873, Kiev; her mother Helena Petrovna nee Troubetzkoy, b. 1853 and married to Pavel Pavlovich Demidov; her grandfather

Peter Nikitich Troubetzkoy born 1826, her great-grandfather Nikita Petrovich Trubetskoy, b. August 18, 1804;

her great - great-grandfather Peter S. Troubetzkoy b. 1760 died 1817; her great-great - great-grandfather Sergei Troubetzkoy Nikitich b. 1731 died 1812
).

In 1892, Swiss citizen,

L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment

and opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 he concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman of the

Breguet Company branch

- A. Konstantinovich / Apollon (Apollo, Palemon, Apolon) Konstantynowicz /  Константинович son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office
.

Together they take on more complex projects, and soon

the company taken the first military orders.

Since 1896 the enterprise was owned by trading house, after by co-operatives and in 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.

1895 

The third company in Russia in terms of the
electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА) based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz / Константинович'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Дюфлон, his Swiss friend
Yu Dizeren

(Jean Dizerens or Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland; they were aristocrats who fled from Paris to Switzerland - Cully in Vaud, Lutry and Lousanne - during the Fr. Revolution, where they first settled in Lutry;

they were originally Italian noble family with last name diSerens or Diserens.
Also L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne.

The Schaub family (see: Tallinn Volta, Urban, and loan bank in St Petersburg with the Nobels, near by the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Stock Society in Petersburg, Zaporoze and Moscow) in the Vaud province in Switzerland in 19th cent.: 1. Concise north-west shore of Lac de Neuchatel and south-west of Neuchatel, ca 15 km north of Démoret, Vaud, Suisse (2. Démoret, Vaud, Suisse is located 12 km north of Mouden); 3. Neuchatel. Key note!
Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

The father of above Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon / Luis Edouard / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon / Lun Eduard Anton Duflon, who was born 1861, a Swiss citizen - was probably Francis Dyuflon / Frances Duflon / François Louis DUFLON b. approx. 1824 (1831 ?). His wife was Jeanne Louise Susanne CUÉNOUD born 1826; her next of kin from families: Mercanton, Jenny, Milliquet. Her parents: François-Louis CUÉNOUD and Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD (Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD b. 29.03.1792 in Grandvaux, the Vaud province in Suisse; died in 1864). Mother of Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jeanne-Louise RICCARD was born approx. 1757. Father of above Jeanne-Françoise CHAMPRENAUD: Jean Pierre Champrenaud. Father of above François-Louis CUÉNOUD: Jean David Cuenoud (Jean-David CUÉNOUD born 24.09.1774 in Grandvaux, Vaud province, Suisse and died on 13.02.1816 in Lutry, canton of Vaud, Suisse; maried to Jeanne Abetel on 14 August 1795 in Lausanne of Vaud province in Suisse).

Riex from Lutry 5 km distance only and east of Lausanne, 10 km.

Duflon, Marc born on 29 June 1913 in Chavornay, died 1980 (?) or 1989; Marc Duflon was studying a classic College of Montreux and in the gym. of Lausanne; he joined the Faculty of Theology; a parents of Marc Henri Duflon 1913-1989: Oscar Duflon 1888-1971 and Maria Décosterd 1886-1976 (more inf. by http://gw.geneanet.org/rchollet?lang=en&m=N&v=decosterd), grandparents: Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 and Céline Chollet 1868-1909 (see: http://www.chollet.ch/Genealogy/index_E.html). His children: Jean Marc Duflon and Serge Duflon married to Meier, acc. to: http://gw.geneanet.org/. Chavornay is located ca 27 km north of Lausanne. Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 or Henri DUFLON m. in 1888 to Céline CHOLLET. Céline CHOLLET b. 1868 in Cully, Vaud, (Cully, 9 km east of Lausanne / Lozanna) Suisse. Her mother Rose FOREL and father Samuel CHOLLET from Jean CHOLLET and Jeanne FAUQUEX, acc. to: http://www.gen-gen.ch/DUFLON-CHOLLET/Celine/1310990.

The Duflon family nest in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland is to the west of Lausanne: Aubonne and Morges, where Duflon family was living in the 17th cent. - 18 km west of Lausanne.

The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
CHAMPRENAUD in 1748 also was living in Riex, Switzerland / Suisse. Riex close to Lavaux in Switzerland. CHAMPRENAUD in 1822 was living in Villette close to Lutry, too.

CUÉNOUD in 1774 in Grandvaux close to Lutry and Riex.

Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland in Cully in the Vaud province, Lutry and Lousanne.
Samples only on the Diserens and Monnet / Monet families in the Vaud canton: Pierre David Diserens b. 1712 in Lutry, Vaud, Switzerland; Louise Montet b. 1712 in Lutry, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Louis Diserens b. 1735 in Vaud, Switzerland; 1734/35 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Francois Diserens b. 1737 in Vaud, baptism in Savigny, Vaud; Pierre Louis Diserens 1742 in Vaud, 1742 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; David Diserens b. 1745 in Vaud; Jeanne Louise Diserens baptism 1747 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Daniel Diserens b. 1750 in Lutry, Vaud, baptism Savigny, Vaud; Jeanne Marguerite Corday in Lutry, Vaud, m. 1792 in Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; Jean Ethienne Francois Diserens baptism 1794 Savigny, Vaud, Switzerland; John David Diserens b. 1796 in Canton De Vaud, Switzerland. Savigny located 7 km north of Cully, and Lutry, north-east of Lausanne. Monnet Melanie in Lausanne now, MONNET GILBERT in MORGES, Monnet R. in Lausanne; Monnet Stéphane in Mi`ege; Monnet-Seitz in Pully, Vaud. Miege is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland, south-east of Saanen and east of Villeneuve. Pully in Vaud close to Lausanne and Lutry.

Marie Elisabeth DUFLON b. 1690 in Riex, District de Lavaux and married in 1714 in the Canton de Vaud. The Duflon surname has ancienne origin: de Fluvio. Surname DEMONTET dit TAVERNEY in 1646 was in Corsier sur Vevey of District de Vevey in Canton de Vaud. The DEMONTET family was near by DUFLON in 17th century. Barbara or Varvara Demonet or maybe DEMONTET from Vaud province was daughter of Carl de Monet's that is DEMONTET or Charles Demonets / Monnette or Demonsi.

Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozana. Vaud is the third largest of Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size. It located in the French-speaking western part of the country.
See http://www.gen-gen.ch/CUÉNOUD-CHAMPRENAUD/Jeanne-Fran%c3%a7oise/1232358)

and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
Lots of houses No 7 and 8 at Pavlov Street (Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street) in St Petersburg in 1895 bought L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon / Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren / Yu Dizeren and (inf. about first names, father's name of Apollo(n) Константинович and middle names need to be check, on Yu = Y. K., L. F. = Louis Edward, A. = A. V. / A. W.) A. V. (A. W.) Konstantynowicz / A. Konstantynowicz for the electrical company (since 1922 the Petrograd State Machine-Building Plant 'Electric'; in 1923, the factory designed the first Soviet welding generator).

The site houses No 9 and 12 Pavlov Street got the Prince of Oldenburg.

The house No 14 in 1909 - 1910: factory building for 'The Russian Society of the wireless telegraph and telephone', in 1923 created Central Radio Laboratory - here was located the center of the main domestic radio industry (L. Mandelstam, N. Papaleksi, D. Rozhanskii, V. P. Vologdin).

A note dated September 21, 1895 from the Ministry guarantees that the plant 'will be to have a free hand for quick ... execution of its most difficult and painstaking work...'.
Domestic firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' (Константинович) which was a representative of the French 'Sautter and Harle', under a contract of December 4, been making 11 sets of electric winches for battleship's elevators and to additional elevator for 'Rurik', winches ordered directly to firm 'Sautter and Harle' (the 'Rurik'-I keel was laid in the Baltic Works in St. Petersburg, May 19, 1890).
Fuller was an order given in March 1905 to the company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' immediately by 24 portable electric fans of 300 m / hr. 'Navarin' / Наварин, based on the British Trafalgar-class battleship, was built in St. Petersburg, 1889 to 1896;
in September 1893, as planned 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' factory was appointed date of move of 'Navarino' to Kronstadt for completion of equipment and accessories.
To build a 'Громобой' / 'Stormbreaker' ship in the new dock of the Baltic plant started on June 14, 1897, and on December 7 of that year this new cruiser called 'Gromoboi' was enrolled in the fleet; guns delivered from the Obukhov plant, and a winches from 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz company'.

1896
In December 1896 at Lopukhinsky Street in St Petersburg, now -
Copyright by http://rdp4v.livejournal.com/1449841.htmlAcademic Pavlov Street No 8, opened the first-born in St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry, the electromechanical plant facilities owned joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' (Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко., ДЕКА), a large role in which played the French capital. The 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' office was situated at Aptekarski Ostrov in St Petersburg, now Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University is also located on the island. The Lopukhinsky road or lane Lopukhinsky in 1887 has got a common name, Lopukhinsky Street, also found writing Lapuhinskaya; lots of houses No 7 and 8 in 1895 bought the L. F. Dyuflon and his companions Y. K. Dizeren and A. Konstantynowicz / Константинович for the electrical company.  Alexander Stepanovich Popov, pioneer in the invention of the radio was associated Google map of old Duflon and Konstantinovich plant in St Petersburg at Medikov Street. Copyright by http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=576093&langid=5 with the island; on March 24, 1896, he demonstrated transmission of radio waves between different buildings in St Petersburg and he demonstrated ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles in 1898.
From the report of the Vologda city council member, F. N. Ovechkin, we know about question on the electric lighting in the city of Vologda in 1896 when the owners of the electromechanical plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', addressed to the Chief of the province a proposal to build in the city of Vologda electric lighting.
Nelly Bogorad in a newspaper 'The St. Petersburg Rush Hour' in 2002 was writing 'The Case Dyuflon will live': "In December last year the plant, 'Electric', the sources of which were enterprising Frenchman and a Pole, created in 1896 by joint-stock company 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', has got 105 years old. But the big date, ... at the company was not mentioned. ... It was the culmination of a period of confrontation of the two shareholder groups, each pursuing its own interests. ... Both groups of shareholders began buying shares in the factory ... in the course of privatization got a 60 % stake. ... Member of the Board of Directors of JSC 'Plant Electric' Andrey Stepanenko, representing a major shareholder, ... explained why he and his colleagues have undertaken to preserve the enterprise. ... As noted by Mr. Stepanenko, ... is not more than four years to modernize and reconstruct capital assets, depreciation is not less than 70 - 80 % ... and Mr. Stepanenko and his comrades are waiting for the expansion of welding equipment in the U.S., Germany, Sweden and Finland".

1897
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant with name 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz, Dizeren and Co'. In 1901 it was transformed into a corporation.
Service of lighting in Irkutsk proposed 'Erikson' and the firm 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz', the Russian electric company 'Union' and General Electric Company and other contractors but on December 10, 1901 City Council received an offer from the Universal Company.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

1901 

The third company in Russia in terms of the
electronic products supply. Created 8 June 1901 by converting the firm 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' based in 1892. Founded in 1893 as a factory of electrical installations by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'.
Founders: Swiss citizen of French origin, Louis Edward Anton Dyuflon, his friend Swiss Yu Dizeren and Moscow engineer A. V. Konstantynowicz / Константинович. In December 1895 they bought land in Lopukhinsky Park in St. Petersburg to build its own plant.
The new plant, received the name 'Plant of the electromechanical Structures', was opened 14 December 1896.

At the beginning of 1897 the company was renamed in partnership, and in 1901 the plant has been transformed into joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (DECA), with a capital of 750 thousand rubles.

DEKA founded in 1901 on 08 June, as the transformation of the company Duflon and Konstantinovich / Константинович, which was founded in 1892 by Luis Edouard son of Frances Duflon / Louis Eduard Anton Duflon son of Francis Dyuflon or Lun Eduard Anton  Duflon, born 1861, a Swiss citizen and Polish engineer - technologist Apollon W. Konstantinovich, the Russian citizen. In December 1895 they bought the land in Lopuchinski Park in St. Petersburg. This factory was opened December 14, 1896. At the beginning of 1897 the factory turned into the Association and soon the 'Deca' began to receive government contracts, in particular for electrical equipment for naval artillery.
Louis E. Dyuflon was graduated of Zurich Polytechnic and starting as an engineer at the factory of electrical products, he soon became the official representative of the French electrical company of Breguet / Brown in Russia, where he met with the engineer Apollo Konstantinovich / Константинович - a representative of the same company in Moscow. Edward Brown from London became a partner, and later the owner and the head of the Breguet Firm; Edward Brown died, aged 66, in 1895, and was succeeded by his two sons Edward and Henry, of whom Edward retired in 1920.

In 1901, the 'Deca' plant becomes a joint stock company DEKA. Capital 750 thousand rubles. In 1913 radio - agreement with French company SFR and it becomes a branch ot the SFR in Russia.

In the second half of 1901 Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was sent to Paris for equipment to  Copyright by http://qrok.net/9442-podvodnyj-flot-rossii-chast-1.htmlRussian submarines with co-operation with Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company: a main engine - petrol four-cylinder engine of the Otto-Deyts 160 hp, it was enough fuel reserves to 30 hours. The motion of the water provided the electric motor of 70 hp and battery power capacity of 1900 Ah and were made ​​in Philadelphia, USA. Equipment ordered factory 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg. The submarine torpedo boat No 113 was built during the winter 1901 and summer 1902. However, the assembly of the battery to plant 'Dyuflon' delayed until late autumn, did not meet the contractual terms (accumulators and batteries were manufactured in 'Deka' plant after 1908); 1903 - it was finished making the submarine motor.

Above Беклемишев, Михаил Николаевич / Beklemishev, Michael N. was born on September 26, 1858 in the Alexinsky district of Tula province. 1879 graduated from the Technical College of the Navy Department, next taught at the School of Mine, graduated from the mechanical department of the Naval Academy. 1901 Горюнов Иван Семёнович / I. Goryunov, I. G. Bubnov and Beklemishev performed work on the development of mechanisms of weapons and electronics. Beklemishev was sent to the United States. In 1935 he was arrested by Soviets again and released. Gorjunov Ivan Semenovich b. 1869, scientist, naval military educator, designer of the mechanical part of the first Russian submarine 'Dolphin', Major-General. His son Nikolai Goryunov b. 1890, 1920-1927 the chief engineer of the ship's port of Sevastopol, was arrested in 1929 and executed in 1930.

Also tests of the Valentin Vologdin radio oscillator at the battleship 'Andrew' was successful; Marine Office was made an order for another twenty radio stations, which include a new power supply antennas. Order execution was entrusted to the plant by 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' for twenty ships. All of them are installed on warships of the Navy, have shown high efficiency.

1904 - 1907 
The beginning of a Duflon Company in Switzerland and France in 1904 (L. F. Dyuflon from 1908 resided in Switzerland). Within a few months in Russia and in
1901 / 1907 the beginning of the DEKA Joint Stock Society (Duflon,  Konstantynowicz & Company JSC). In this years a business started to operate in Aleksandrovsk / Zaporoze when DEKA JSC bought land in order to changeover of activity (see December 1915) in 1907 at address: Zaporozje, Motorostroitelej 15. On 15 November 1907 the City Council of Alexandrovsk allocated land for the construction of the brothers Moznaim / Moznaimov iron foundry and machine factory but this factory was bought by joint-stock company 'Deca' from Moznaimov in 1915 and reconstructed for the production of aircraft engines; today, the 'Motor Sich', one of the most famous in the global avia industry (the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company manufactured Salmson engines, Gnome, Ron - a production under license and by 1917 the production of the engines in all Russia reached 700 per month; about 250 were collected from the western parts; the Decka Company began to produce engines in 1913). Until December 1915 it made agricultural machinery and tools to perform different machining, cast iron and copper.
 

The "Credit Lyonnais" Bank in Geneva has got records, assessments and accounts for the Swiss country with reference number DEEF 30136  relating to "Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Company", that is  "Company of the Electromechanical Factories of Constructions" called DEKA of 1904 - 1916; researched in 1921.

The DEKA Company produced agricultural machineries and tools, various machines, a cast iron; the factory in 1907 - 1911 (iron foundry) cast copper pieces and iron equipment. Ukraine organized a Celebration Committee in 2007 on the occasion of the one hundred anniversary of the "Motor Sich" CompanyDEKA Joint-Stock Company.

The joint stock Copyright by Moikrewni.pl. Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович details.company 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Polish and Lithuanian roots. Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константиновичfrom St Petersburg and Moscow was co-property of our Mscislau branch of the male-line descendants of Dominik Konstantynowicz and our old ancestry:

Apollon (Apollo, Apellon) Wasylewicz Konstantynowicz / Константинович who b. ca 1862 - son of Wasilij Константинович / Wasyl Konstantynowicz who was born ca 1840. The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand - Eugene born about 1842.

Wasilij / Wasyl Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz, was general of the Russian Army,
and Leon Bakst (1866 - 1924) is our far kinsman: his relatives, families  TretyakovBarsak, Klyachko and Manfred. His grandfather Baxter, probably English (mother side), acc. to http://www.leon-bakst.com/ - Collection Constantinowitz. Leon Bakst always lived with his family in St. Petersburg. Leon Bakst had two sisters, Sophia and Rose, and brother Isaiah.
April 28 in 1866 Leon Bakst was born in Grodno. His grandfather was a tailor in Paris and ca 1876 came to Russia, to St Petersburg. In 1878 Leon Bakst won a drawing contest at school and after he decid to leave college. When his grandfather died, his parents divorced. Kanaev, his friend, found him a job with Albert Benois, Alexandre Benois, K. Somov, W. Vroubel, D. Filosofov and his cousin S. Diaghilev. Alexandre Benois has friend - Count Benkendorf; Count put him in touch with Gran Duke Vladimir; Duke was President of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. 1903 Leon Bakst married L. Gricenko, widow of a painter, the daughter of P. Tretyakov. 1914 thanks to Count D. Benkendorf's support, Leon Bakst was elected as a member of the Academy of Fine Arts.

The Benois family (look above):
Evdokya Dmitrievna Horvath was born in St Petersburg in 1902, and married first in 1921 to Cecil Lewis, second time to Cedric Williams. Williams lived in Chelsea; she was the daughter of the military engineer General Dmitri Horvath, the second of six children of General Horvath and his wife Camilla Benois. Dmitri Horvath was the great-great-grandson of Marshal Mikhail Kutusov, and was connected to the Baltic aristocracy through his mother, Baroness Maria Pilar von Pilchau. Camilla Benois, a member of a distinguished family of artists, sculptors, architects and musicians, was herself a talented artist and sang and played the piano. In 1902 Tsar Nicholas II had appointed General Horvath, his distant cousin, to be General Manager of the Chinese Eastern Railway and consul general in Harbin, Manchuria. Acc. to (Copyright in 2005) The Independent, by Ian Axford and Tamara Breus. Albert Nikolayevitch Benois / Альберт Николаевич Бенуа, b. 1852 was a Russian water-colorist. Albert was the elder son of architect Nicholas Benois. Albert's daughter Maria married the Russian composer, pianist and conductor, Nikolay Tcherepnin. Acc. to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Benois. Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois / Alexander Benois, b. 1870, Saint Petersburg, was an artist, art critic, historian, preservationist. Acc. to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Benois. His mother Camilla / Камилла Альбертовна Кавос, and then Бенуа, was the granddaughter of Catterino Cavos. His father was Nicholas Benois, a Russian architect. Benois's son, Nicola Benois / Nikolai Benois, born 1901. Alberto Giovanni Cavos was a director of the Venice theatre. His son Catterino Albertovich Cavos / Catarino Camillo Cavos b. 1775, settled in Russia in 1798, after the fall of the Republic of Venice and was an Italian composer. Acc. to http://www.rootschat.com/forum/. His son Alberto Cavos / Albert Katerinovich Kavos b. 1800, was a Russian-Italian architect. Alberto's children: Caesar Cavos, Constantin Cavos and Camilla Cavos b.1828, married Nicholas Leontievich Benois, children: Camilla Nikolaevena Benois b. 1849, married Mathew Edward Edwards, Ekaterina Nikolaevna Benois, Albert Nikolaevich Benois, Leon Benois, Nikolaj Nikolaevich Benois, Yulij, Louise, Alexander Benois - watercolour artist. Benois family was descended from French confectioner Louis Jules Benois, who came to Russia in 1794 during the French Revolution: Louis Jules Benois b.1770, married to Ekaterina Andreevna Groppe. Son: Nikolai Leontievich Benoi b. 1813. By williamscdr - Copyright, from www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Was married to Camilla Albertnova Cavos b. 1827. Daughter: Camilla Nikolaevna Benois b. 1849 married Mathew Edward Edwards. Copyright by RootsChat.Com.

Maria Pilar von Pilchau b. 1839 in Санкт-Петербург / St Petersburg, d. 1922; daughter of Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau and Katharina Nikolaievna Pilar von Pilchau / Kitty Ekaterina Nikolajevna Pilar von Pilchau
(see: http://www.geni.com/people/Magnus-Wilhelm-Pilar-von-Pilchau/ on Katharina Kitty / Ekaterina Nikolajevna / Nikolaievna Pilar von Pilchau nee Koudaschew / Кудашева, b. 1811, daughter of Николай Данилович князь Кудашев / Danilovitch Kudashev; she was wife of Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau and Hermann Napoleon von Hoyningen-Huene; was mother of above Maria Pilar von Pilchau, Nikolai, Elisabeth Lizine Shuvalova, Theodor Fedor Kotzebue Pilar von Pilchau and N. N. Pilar von Pilchau; all copyright by Henno Linn, Peter Trefilov, Marc Peter Bauer and Anita Kuzmina. Above Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau b. 1791, was son of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Magdalene Wilhelmine Staël von Holstein, and was brother of Ottilie Gustava von Lüder, Hermann Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Gustav Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Georg Pilar von Pilchau, acc. to: Henno Linn, Peter Trefilov, Marc Peter Bauer and Anita Kuzmina. Above Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau b. 1761 son of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. Above Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734, was father of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau, Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, Catharina Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau and Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau; was brother of Dorothea Charlotta Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau. Acc. to Peter Trefilov and Bernard von Schulmann);
wife of Leonid Nikolaevich Horvath / Леонид Николаевич Хорват; she was mother of Dmitri Horvath (was the great-great-grandson of Marshal Mikhail Kutusov) / Дмитрий Леонидович, Владимир Леонидович Хорват, Екатерина Леонидовна Хорват, Любовь Леонидовна Хорват and Ольга Леонидовна Хорват; sister of Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau, Elisabeth Shuvalov, Theodor / Fedor Kotzebue Pilar von Pilchau and N. N. Pilar von Pilchau. All above acc. to Peter Trefilov on July 25, 2009, under copyright by geni.com.
See:
http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Pilar_von_Pilchau. Adolf Pilar von Pilchau: 1899 magistrate of Pärnu; he became a Viljandi church curator. In 1902 he became also an economic Livonia president. In 1905 the Livonia Council send Adolf Pilar von Pilchau to Petersburg to ask Emperor for help, on 14 December 1905 arrived in Tallinn; 1906 Pilar von Pilchau moved to Riga. 1908-1918 he was the marshal of the Livonian knighthood. In 1912 he was elected to the Baltic provinces of Russia as a representative member of the Supreme Council, to share life in Riga and St. Petersburg. In 1915 the Russian soldiers raided his house in Pärnu, destroyed furniture and broke the porcelain collection, by Rodzjanko. 1916 in Tartu, Riga. On February 28th 1917, was a small dinner party. Prince and Princess Kourakine, Countess Kotzebue - Pilar von Pilchau and her daughter, Baron and Baroness Schilling and some other guests were invited. Suddenly the kitchen was full of soldiers come to search the house. The Countess Kleinmichel has been arrested and taken to the Duma. Some of the newspapers have declared that the Countess was an intimate friend of Alexandra Feodorovna, but that is untrue. Madame Narishkine, nee Countess Toll, was arrested likewise, but after a conversation with Kerensky, she was set at liberty. On the Countess Kotzebue - Pilar von Pilchau: Paul Demetrius / Pavel Ewstafijewitsch Graf von Kotzebue, was father of Louise Christine von Rönne; Olga Anna Pauline von Rosen; Marie Agnes von Baggehufwudt and Alexandrine Mathilde / Alix Pilar von Pilchau. Above Alexandrine Mathilde (Alix) Pilar von Pilchau von Kotzebue daughter of Paul Demetrius von Kotzebue and Wilhelmine Elisabeth Gräfin von Kotzebue; she was wife of Theodor Kotzebue - Pilar von Pilchau and mother of Dmitri, Katharina (Karin) von Hoyningen-Huene and Alexandra Pilar von Pilchau. Sister of Olga Anna Pauline von Rosen. She was owner of Ravila / Meks / Mecks; Ravila Manor close to Kolu, ca 33 km south-east of Saku; also von Rosen, von Uexküll, von Detloff, von Manteuffel, Countess Alexandra Mathilde Kotzebue / Alexandra von Kotzebue - Pilar von Pilchau / Countess Alexandrine Mathilde Kotzebue-Pilar von Pilchau 1849 Reval - died 1943 in Schalkau, Wartheld. Above countess Olga Anna Pauline von Kotzebue of Kotzebue-von-Pilar-und-von-Pilchau, born 17 Nov 1842 in Tiflis, d. 1931 in Reval / Tallinn.

Ebba Emilie Pilar von Pilchau b. 1866, her parents: Olga Marie Emilie von Staal and Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilchau von Pilar. Above Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 in Padis / Padise, Harjumaa, Eesti / Estland / Estonia and died in 1862, and grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 from Jöggis / Jogisuu, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland). Maria Pilar von Pilchau b. 1839 in Санкт-Петербург / St Petersburg, d. 1922; daughter of Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau and Katharina Nikolaievna Pilar von Pilchau / Kitty Ekaterina Nikolajevna Pilar von Pilchau. We know about Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau / Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau born in 1841 and died on January 11, 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia; his wife Aline Annette von Essen (was born 1847); his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 - 1862); grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau (1777 - 1847), great-grandfather Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau (1734 - 1801), from Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1709 - 1752).

Above Dmitry A. Benkendorf / Benkendorf, Dmitriy Alexandrovich / Mita, born 1845, died 1917 or 1919; in 1910 became chairman of Academy of Fine Arts. State Councillor; in 1882-94 Secretary of the Embassy in Berlin, and later a member of the Council of the Russian Bank for Foreign Trade, the 'Russian Society of Sea, River ... and warehouses', 1903 - the Mariupol Mining and Metallurgical Society; amateur painter, graphic artist. His brother, Alexander, 1848-1915, Lieutenant General.

Note on the family of Dmitry Benckendorf / Dmitriy Benkendorf (Mita) born in 1845. Benkendorf Dmitriy Alexandrovich nickname Mita, died 1917. His brother, Alexander Alexandrovich Benckendorf, 1848 - 1915, was lieutenant-general. We now check data on his father: 1. ? they were sons of Alexander Benckendorf (1819 - 1849), the Guard lieutenant. Portrait of Steuben. 2. or they were next of kin with the Nikolai Kropotkin: his brother Peter D. Kropotkin; from Peter / Pyotr Kropotkin, b. 1771 d. 1826 and Praskovja A. Gagarin b. 1770 d. 1850, were children: 1800 - Tatiana Kropotkin Musin-Pushkin, 1801 - Dmitry Petrovich Kropotkin, 1802 - Nicholas P. Kropotkin and 1805 - Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin died 1871 - father of famous theorist of anarchism. Near by to the Benkendorf family! Children of above named Dmitrij / Dmitry Kropotkin: 1826 Peter D. Kropotkin, 1830 Nikolai Kropotkin next of kin with Benkendorf and 1832 Ivan D. Kropotkin.

We remember about Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died in 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz;
Wiktoria - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899/1900.

Prince Peter Kropotkin b. 1842, Moscow, died 1921; theorist of anarchism, a historian, from princes of Smolensk province, his father, Prince Alexei Petrovich Krapotkin (1805 - 1871), Major General, owned estates in the three provinces; his mother, Catherine N. Sulima was a direct descendant of Cossacks Ataman - Ivan Sulima. Above Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin, b. 1805 and his father Pyotr Kropotkin b. 1771 and mother Praskovja A. Gagarin b. 1770.
Pyotr Kropotkin b. 1771, has father Nikolai Alexeyevich Kropotkin b. 1742 d. 1795,
and grandfather Alexey Kropotkin.

We back to the Benckendorf or Benkendorf family:
Alexander Benkendorf (1800 - 1873) in 1826, retired with the rank of lieutenant of the Guards, settled in Vinogradov, in 1859 bought the oil mines on the Apsheron Peninsula near Baku, founded the oil company 'Benckendorf', in 1865 he was in Moscow; his children:
a. Maria Benckendorf b. 1833 d. 1887 - her husband Nikolai Kropotkin b. 1830 and his brothers Peter D. Kropotkin 1826, and Ivan D. Kropotkin 1832; and her child Dmitri Kropotkin, b. 1857 d. 1902.
b. Above Alexander Benkendorf born 1800 d. 1873 (probably father of Dmitry Benckendorf / Dmitriy Benkendorf (Mita) born in 1845 that is Benkendorf Dmitriy Alexandrovich nickname Mita, died 1917 - you look on Bakst and Apollon Konstantynowicz). Father of Alexander: Ivan Benckendorf b. 1765 d. 1841, and grandfather: Johann Michael Ivan Benckendorf b. 1720 d. November 18, 1775, came from Johann Benckendorf b. April 26, 1659 d. June 17, 1727.
Alexei Petrovich Kropotkin b. 1805 died 1871 - father of famous theorist of anarchism Prince Peter Kropotkin b. 1842, Moscow, died 1921; theorist of anarchism. Near by to the Benkendorf family!

1924 Bakst meet Ida Rubinstein.
You can read 'Bakst and Benois: the Tobin wing', Marion Koogler, McNay, ed. by Art Museum, 1985. More at: http://search.getty.edu/gateway/. "Ballets Russes burst upon the Paris scene in 1909, introducing for the first time Russian dancers, choreographers, and designers to Continental audiences. Among Diaghilev's earliest collaborators were Leon Bakst and Alexandre Benois... The Tobin Collection contains some of the most important designs by Benois and Bakst... Goncharova, who lived in Moscow when she first met Diaghilev in 1913, represented a trend in Russian art that had developed in direct answer to the Eurocentric leanings that characterized Bakst's and Benois' designs", by Elaine Wolff, 2/26/2004, at http://www2.sacurrent.com/arts/. Copyright by 'San Antonio Current', SAN ANTONIO, TX.

Nephew of Leon Bakst that is son of his sister Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg / Samuel Rosenberg was born in Germany (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) and Zachary Manfred, was historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) who born in St Petersburg (acc. to Eugene Konstantynowicz / Константинович - son of Apollon Konstantynowicz, Polish, and Anna Konstantynowicz / Константинович nee Armand, Polish roots - and his children living in Switzerland and Paris, France, that is grandchildren of Anna nee Armand, and great-grandchildren of Varvara Karlovna Demonsi / Demonets or DEMONTET; this Eugene Konstantynowicz, as a patient, was treated in Switzerland, there he became acquainted with Marusya, who cared for her uncle Leon Bakst, along with Sophia, Bertha, Paul and Emily). See: the Constantinowitz Museum in Meudon.
Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, in the département of Hauts-de-Seine. Chalais-Meudon was important in the pioneering of aviation, initially balloons and airships, but also the early powered craft (in 1880 Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs).
Klyachko, Maria Markovna (1895 - 1994), married name Constantinowitz / Marie Constantinowitz (1895 - 1994), daughter of Léon Bakst’s sister, Sophia Klyachko / Sophie nee Bakst (1869 - 1944). All information about Léon Bakst’s relatives are culled from 'My recollections of Uncle Lyova', the memoirs of Maria Klyachko-Constantinowitz and Manuscripts department, Tretyakov Gallery, fund 111, items 2632, 2636, and from Nikolai Constantinowitz, Irina Albertovna Manfred, Maria Markovna Klyachko who married a musician – a cello player Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinowitz (1890 - 1977). She met her future husband in Switzerland, when she was tending to the sick Bakst. Her two sons became architects - Nikolai and Pyotr Constantinowitz (Mikolaj Konstantynowicz and Piotr Konstantynowicz; but also is inf. about 3 children of Maria nee Klaczko / Maria Markovna Klyachko and Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinovich / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz) and 'Collection of the Constantinowitz family' is in Paris (among correspondence of Howard D. Rothschild were letters of Constantinowitz Marie in 1976-1980; Howard Rothschild born 1907 and died 1989 in New York). Constantinowitz, Pyotr Yevgenievich (Kанстантинович / Kanstantinovich / Constantinowitz Pierre was born 1928 and address: Orée du Bois Brulé, 78380 Bougival) and Constantinowitz Nikolai Yevgenievich (born 1931 - Nicolas, 45B Route des Gardes, Meudon). Constantinowitz, Yevgeny Apollonovich (Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz son of Apollon Konstantynowicz; born 1890 - died 1977) was a cello and piano player; he was receiving a treatment at the same resort as Bakst. And also we know about Carole Constantinowitz.
Pierre Constantinowitz, route de la Bourbonniere, Chailly en Gatinais and 13 rue des Pres Verdy, Sevres, France.

On 21st November 2013 any Russian host (© Copyright: Рене Мария Арманд, 2013 Свидетельство о публикации №213112100583) show to us at webpage http://www.proza.ru/2013/11/21/583 a research of Rene Marie Armand and we can read:
"...In 1918, as the head of mission of the Red Cross,
Inessa Armand was sent by Lenin to France in order to take out several thousand Russian soldiers
of an expeditionary corps. She was arrested by the French authorities, but released because of the threat of Lenin shoot for her the French mission in Moscow. Inessa was really part of a diplomatic mission to return to the Russia soldiers of expeditionary corps ... All three members (Dmitry Manuilsky and Jacques Davityan) of the mission really concluded under house arrest, ... and released after the Commissar for Foreign Affairs G. V. Chicherin (and not Lenin) gave France a message that French citizens in Russia could be arrested. ... I write about my great-aunt Inessa Teodorovna (patronymic Fedorovna - tribute Russian language) ... But how do you know the truth about Inese? Even in our family rarely talked about her... It was all about the conspiracy. ... Marietta Shahinian could not tell the whole truth about the relationship between the trinity Krupskaya, Lenin, Armand. ...
husband of Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand - Гуго Эберлейн / Hugo or Gugo Eberlein
and a husband of another daughter Varya - Yakov Romas / Яков Ромас. ... 'Inessa small' - so everyone called Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand and Alexander ... Sometimes in Riga, where we lived, came Варвара Александровна / Варя / Varya, the daughter of Inessa / Inez... she did not just have to go to France or Switzerland, to see mother, who was forced to live in exile. It was sure that Inessa came from a family of Protestants, and that her husband was a Catholic. ... Before the revolution the Armands had a house on the corner of the alley Granatny and Spiridonyevka, owned by husband of Inessa. And a country house - in the village Eldigino, near Pushkin, in thirties miles from Moscow. ... Inessa and her sister Renee were born in the family of an opera singer and actress Theodore Steffen and Natalie Wild. Inessa Elizabeth, the eldest, was born May 8, 1874 in Paris. His father died when a little girl grew up and she turned with his aunt in Moscow. Woman and her two orphans, gave music lessons and foreign languages, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that Inessa and Rene fluent in Russian. My grandmother Renee, sister Inez, until his death spoke in Russian with a strong accent. I kept the letters from her relatives, including from her sons. They are written in French, the native language of grandmother Renee. She studied music not in Moscow but in the Paris Higher National Conservatory of Music and Dance. ... in 1850, in the family of businessman Piter Wild / Peter Wild and his wife - the French, born daughter. Newborn named Natalie. Wilde / the Wilds were parishioners of the Church of England. ...their name sounded like Wilde. Natalie, has a pleasant and strong voice, decided to continue his musical education in Paris. Parents were unhappy, but his daughter still succeeded. Woman sent to the French capital, accompanied by Aunt Sophie / Zofia, the sister of her mother. In Paris, appeared her idol - Comedy Opera tenor, born in Lyon. Fans knew him under the name Pesce Erbanvil / Пёше Эрбанвиль. Singer was the son of the venerable French bourgeoisie, who were ashamed of relationship with the artist... The family has a birth certificate Renee Louise Justine Stephen / Рене Луиза Жюстины Стефан, my dear grandmother. ... Inessa Armand - daughter of British (?) opera singer Stephen Theodore (nee Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville) and French (?) actress Nathalie Wild, also an opera singer, and later a teacher of singing ... ... Wild Natalie was able to insist on his own. To marry, one of them had to change their faith. Theodore did that. On May 8, 1874 at 2:00 pm, in Paris, at number 63 at the Rue de la Chapelle born a girl that happy parents named Inez - Elizabeth / Inessa Elizabeth ... In the Anglican Church St. Mary the wife got a new document with the metric record of birth Inessa Elizabeth - May 8, 1874. ... Natalie and Theodore had been born next child - a daughter again. Her name Rene Justine Louise. Natalie gave birth of three daughters. The youngest, Anna, will be not just a rich man's wife, but also an aristocrat, and receive a Russian title of 'Her Excellency'. ...Tired of quarrels and lack of money, Natalie said 'yes' to the proposal of the relatives send to Moscow older girl. Six year old Ines, along with Aunt Sophie, who so shamefully failed chaperone role, went to Russia. Everything. With her father girl will never see. His mother and sister come to Moscow only ten years later, after the death of Theodore, who died at age 36. ...On October 3, 1893 the parish priest of St. Nicholas Church in the village near Moscow, Pushkino, father Ignatius Kazan made ​​wedding of a hereditary honorary citizen, Moscow guild merchant's son, Alexander Armand to a French citizen, young lady, the daughter of artist Inez Elizabeth Stephen, Anglican. ... now husband - the
eldest son of hereditary honorary citizen of Moscow: Евгении Евгеньевич Арманд / Yevgeny Armand (Trading House 'Armand and sons').
Family of millionaires. Several luxury houses in Moscow - the Old Square, in the Cash Lane on Arbat Street, on the corner Granatny to Spiridonyevka, on Vozdvizhenka. Forests under Pushkino, hunting grounds around Sergiev Posad, land near Ikshi. weaving and dyeing factories. ... Armand family was significantly higher in the material and social terms than the Wild family. Wild / Wilde were descended from a teacher from England, who arrived in Russia with the invitation of Count Vorontsov senior. The real name of them was Wilde / Уайльд, but in Russia it quickly rechristened to Wild. From my father, I have heard that one of Wilde worked for a time as a manager of Count Vorontsov, who was known to Anglomaniac. One of the descendants of the Wild amassed a sizable fortune, but his successors were less able to commerce... too much invested in real estate. Bought the land, but it did not bring quick money. Wilde conducted in the village of Pushkin, where rented a cottage next door to the house of Armand. ... Inessa first appeared in Moscow in 1880. ... Inessa when aged 17 years received a tutor diploma. However, all girls had such a document. The diploma of tutor had
Barbara Karlovna nee Demonet / Demonsi and all her daughters, girls from a family of millionaires.
And the last - Inessa Steffen not married to the son of E. I. Armand but on his grandson! ... According to one version, Paul Armand / Поль Арманд was a shoemaker who had fled to Russia from the French Revolution. According to another version, Paul died on a road and his son Alexander to get to Moscow. But it is necessary to go to the old German cemetery, were we find the grave of the first Armand who moved to Russia from France. ... Paul Armand 1760 - 1835, Marie Barbe Armand, nee Collignon 1774 - 1872, Jean-Louis Armand 1786 - 1855, Jeanne Angelique Armand 1765 - 1813, Paul Felix Armand, 06.06.1816 - 03.08.1817. The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay / де Куртене. Armand was not married ... He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine. ... When Paul Armand married, he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand was
trading house of Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.
No one yet suspects that family Armand and Demonet in the future intermarry. This will be the heyday of the Trade House 'Eugene Armand and his sons'. The first mention of Armand contained in the book 'History of the French colony in Moscow from 1812...' by F. Tasteven. Tasteven writes that the first Armande / Armand, who arrived in Moscow, lived in Lefortovo, then the Lubyanka. Found in the book a mention of Mr. Freda Wilde / Фридa Вильде, who lived in the early 19th century on the Arbat. They lived nearby Mademoiselle Richard, in future Madame Demons / Demonet. No one knows what the future of these three families intermarried. ... In 1812, were arrested Jean-Paul Armand and his wife Sabina, as well as members of families Demons / Demonet / Demontet and Wild. ... They have relied on weaving, building two factories in the village of Pushkino thirty miles from Moscow. ... one of the descendants of Paul Armand, Eugene Louis / Эжен Луи. He was a talented entrepreneur and intelligent man. Evgeny left a sizable fortune to his sons Eugene, Emil and Adolf. ... Eugene Louis (Louis Eugene or Луи Эжен / Евгений Иванов Арманд) became the first of Armand who strengthened the roots of the family tree in the Russian land. In 1864, having achieved considerable success in the development of the textile industry in Russia, received the prestigious international fairs of several gold medals, he petitioned the Emperor Alexander II on awarding him and
his wife (Maria Frantsova) and sons (Евгении-Франсуа / Evgenii-Francois, Адольф-Осип и Эмиль-Александр) the title of honorary citizens (April 1852).
... published this document, as well as the decree of the king... Armand were Catholics, parishioners of St. Louis church at Malaya Lubyanka in which building, together with other French settlers invested.
Eugene Louis was married in this church with a beautiful Polish - Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya. Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat. ... Young Catholics family donated money and the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Pushkino.
When Armand moved to Orthodoxy, were baptized in this church grandchildren of Louis Eugene / Yevgeny Ivanovich. In the same church my grandmother Rene changed the Church of England to Orthodox in order to get married and named her Mary. But this name is never called, but gave it to her daughter (the couple had six children). ... Evgeny Armand, the eldest son, who worked in a textile factory as manager, after father's death led the family business. Evgeny married a girl from Demonets / Demonet / Demontet family, most of those family lived at the Kuznetsk bridge. Demonets have sent them son Charles (in Russia it was called Karl in German style) to study medicine, he became a prominent physician, professor of the Kharkov University. There, in Kharkov Carl and his wife, has child, Barb, in Russian - Varvara Karlovna. Marrying Eugene Armand, she gave birth to eleven children who safely reached maturity. ... For the Orthodox communion Inessa took its second name - Elizabeth. Now, according to the documents became Elizabeth Armand. Renee Louise Justine, which in the family simply called Rene. She graduated in Paris College of Music. Parisienne recently arrived in Russia had difficulties with the Russian language, which almost did not know. Therefore, in the family Armand, where the native language was still French, she immediately felt at home. ... After the wedding, Evgenii / Evgeny bought the estate near Pushkino for the two eldest sons. Alexander received the village Eldigino, Nicholas and Renee - Aleshino village, just five miles one from another. After the wedding term Inessa first child was born. He was named after his father. After Alexander Alexandrovich was born Fyodor / Fedor - Theodore. In memory of her father. After just a year and a half was born a girl. She received her mother's name. At first her family called 'Inessa small'. The next child was the Varia, named after her grandmother, Barbara Karlovna Demonets Armand. ...
In April 1897, were arrested three young men from the family Armand: Leo Emilevich, Boris, a student at Moscow University, and Евгений Евгеньевич Каммер / Evgeny Kammer, a student at Moscow Technical School and relative of Armand. Kammer older sister Mary was married to Sergei Yevgenyevich Armand, and brother had lived in Pushkin with his family. Armand's relative hired a tutor to younger children. It was in the room of Kammer gendarmes found illegal warehouse printed and manuscript editions for screen printing machine, many ready stencils, paint, stacks of writing paper. ...
Alexander E. Armand was busy from morning till night. In addition to managing the factories, it duties as a member of the Moscow City Duma, Zemstvo Assembly, a member of the Special Committee on charity beggars. Inessa decided to engage in charity. She began to visit homes in Eldigino and workers in Pushkin. ... She talked about her endeavor only to Anna his sister-in-law. Anna Armand married a Pole by the name of Konstantynowicz. Her husband Apollo, engineer, represented the interests of Russia in a major French company of Breguet for the production and trade of electromechanical structures. With his father-in-law Evgeny / Evgenii Evgenievich Armand, he was linked not only by family, but also in business relationships. He become the Chairman of the Board of JSC 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', as the head of the family clan and Alexander E., husband of Inez, was also elected one of the directors. In the same company acted Lyudvigovich Emmanuel Nobel, nephew of Alfred Nobel, who instituted a unique prize. While husbands are engaged in business, their wives are actively discussing ways to improve public life. Relatives friends began appearing at the family table... Semenovykh-Prozorovsky, Armand Maria Nikolaevna, who had married a son of the chief architect of Moscow... There is a curious picture, made ​​in 1906. At the head of the table - one of the sisters whose face is not visible. The right hand of her father - Evgeny Evgenievich, near Renee, then Inessa with Andriusha kneeling, opposite - Vladimir, and near the samovar - Anna Evgenievna Konstantynowicz. Old photo conveys a friendly family atmosphere. Of the six members of the family who were peacefully drinking tea and smiling to each other, three - revolutionaries. Inessa, Volodya, Anna ... Anna Konstantynowicz, heiress of her husband, who died in 1902, go abroad, where she became friends with the first social democratic circles, and then, following the example of Inessa, will join the Bolsheviks.

Most of his fortune she will donate to the party funds, and together with Lenin, Krupskaya, Inessa and other Bolsheviks back in the famous sealed train to Russia.

This group of people go down in history as a gang of villains who interrupted Russia's path to prosperity. But how can these people suspected of criminal intent to destroy the country?
Inessa and Anna Konstantynowicz, Alexander, Boris, Vladimir Armand who participated in the revolutionary movement, could continue measured life. But they did not allow a conscience.
... the family, who tried to reorganize society. ... loved aunt Inessa, Aunt Anna, and was genuinely happy when they returned from a long exile. Abroad will be only adult son of Anna Konstantynowicz and Apollo, and it is the only branch of the family Armand, which again take root in their historic homeland, France. All others (??) remain in Russia and share unhappiness people. ... Alexander E. wife released without scandal and even the parents explained everything. Couple immediately went to the Cote d'Azur in Nice. One could only imagine the feelings of parents and the whole family. Volodya was the youngest and most beloved son. Inessa was beloved daughter...".
Copyright by http://www.leon-bakst.com/php/famille.php?lang=ru
Inessa Armand born in Paris on 8th May, 1874. Name variations: Ines Stéphane / Eлизавета Фёдоровна / Ines Elisabeth Stephane / Elise / Elisabeth / Elisaveta / Стеффeн / Steffen / Comrade Inessa and Elena Blonina. Born Elizabeth Stephane, was daughter of Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville and Nathalie Wild; married Alexander Armand, Oct 3, 1893.

Alexandre Dumas points to Pescheux d'Herbenville / Pecheux and Ernest Duchatelet were involved in political trials at the time but the person who shot Alfred Galois (a duel) was by the initials L. D., a member of the Society of Friends of the People (La Societe des Amis du Peuple, in France created in 1830, fighting for a republic and for political enlightenment of progressive workers. After the 1833 trial, the society ceased to exist, acc. to 2010 The Gale Group, Inc).
And after - when she was only five - Elizabeth Stephane or Ines / Inessa was brought up by an aunt - new governess and grandmother living in Moscow - around 1880. Anna Asknazi vel Askenazy was friend of Inessa Armand in Moscow of 1909 and also doctor N. N. Pechkin, Boris Armand, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Константинович who helped out financially, Natalia Emil'evna, the twin Brilling brothers-in-law, Alexander Armand.
At the age of eighteen she married
Alexander Armand, the son of Evgenii Armand, a successful textile manufacturer in Pushkino near by Moscow. At the age of 19 she knew only two languages until as adult she learned German and Polish.

Who was Inessa Armand? "Date of birth: May 8th 1874, according to Eglish Wiki, and April 26th 1874 – to Russian. Her father, a singer, is described almost identically everywhere, but her mother, Nathalie Wild, is called simply 'a comedian' in English Wiki, a 'half-French, half-English Jewish actress' in Russian. Other Russian-language sources mention only that her parents were 'actors', another one informs us that, possibly, her parents were not officially married at the time of her birth...".

Now few details about life of Inessa Armand. Source: http://creakypavillion.wordpress.com/.
Date of birth: May 8th 1874 or April 26th 1874. Her father, a singer, and her mother,
Nathalie Wild, a comedian or half-French, half-English Jewish actress. Inessa's mother, Natalie Wild, also came from a French family that had settled in Moscow, although her roots was from Franche-Comte of France. Her father was a language teacher, and the Wilds naturally came to know the Armands. Natalie back from Moscow to live with a French, Theodore Stephane, and Ines / Inessa had been born in Paris 1874, as the eldest of three girls, born four months before her parents were married. In Pushkino, the Wilds had friends.
In 1879 her father's contract with the Grand-Theatre in Lyons ended. The notices of his performances in such operas as The Thief of Baghdad, Rigoletto, and even Faust were often good. They returned to Paris, where he rejoined the Théâtre de la Gaietie, but the marriage with Natalie had become troubled, and they parted, leaving Natalie, pregnant. Natalie's mother and her sister, Sophie, visited Paris in 1879, probably to help Natalie. They took Inessa back with them to Moscow. Sophie was a tutor to various Moscow families, possibly at times to the Armands as a governess, and she and her mother educated Inessa at home. Inessa's father, by his death certificate, lived on, for six years - to 1885 - after she had left Paris in 1879. In 1889 doesn't mention her sister, Inessa appeared in Russia again.
Inessa had moved to Moscow with family and she moved directly into house of her future husband, Alexander Armand, because her aunt was employed there. In 1891, when Inessa was seventeen, her grandmother died, and mother Natalie brought her other two daughters to Russia to live in the Moscow apartment, probably near Kouznietsky-Most.
She and her sister played pianoforte; her aunt provided all her schooling and she received perfect education in Paris ? and Moscow. "Some say her aunt was forced to become a teacher to provide for her nieces", and she didn’t have a place for them to stay. Inessa and Renee just visited Armands and were acquainted with this family; next Inessa, also was a governess in Armand family.
Inessa had married when she was 19 in 1893 in Moscow. She married Alexander and her sister married into Armand family, with Boris or Nicolas. Inessa forced Alexander to marry her. Together with husband they opened a school for peasant children. She used her husband’s money for charity for prostitutes. She falls in love with his younger brother Vladimir, leaves Alexander. She never married Vladimir becasue she never formally divorced Alexander.
She became a member of a bolshevik organisation in 1904 or in 1903! In 1908 she jumped bail which her first husband Alexander paid for her, about 5000 rubles, and left Russia illegally. She joined Vladimir in Switzerland.

She met Lenin in Paris or she met him in Brussels!
Inessa Armand was to become Lenin's lover, but without her marriage and husband, she might never have been to meet Lenin.

The Armand family home was extraordinary. Originally four separate houses. Alexander's father, Eugene-Evgenii Evgenevich Armand lived with his two brothers, Emil and Adolf. Alexander's ancestor Paul was killed and Paul's son, Ivan, started a wine-import business. It was Ivan's son, the first Eugene, who founded the Armand fortunes. Alexander's father, also named Eugene, was converting from the Roman Catholic faith to Russian Orthodoxy, and Alexander, like most of his brothers and sisters, was Orthodoxy.

At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Inessa was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903. "Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupskaia.
Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich / Константинович, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910. Inessa and Anna would finish the summer by attending the Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen. Inessa very likely was accompanied by her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich, rather than by Lenin during the days of the 1910 congress. On Sunday 28 August 1910 after the Women's Conference had closed, Inessa and perhaps Anna Konstantinovich attended the opening ceremonies of the Eighth Congress of the Second International using two guest tickets obtained for Armand by Lenin in Copenhagen, according to P. P. Bulanov, Moscov 1925, 75.
In 1911 Armand became secretary for the Committee of Foreign Organisations established to coordinate all Bolshevik groups in Western Europe.

Dr. Edward Reilly from Australia when was visiting Marijampole, Lithuania, in Oct. 2003, had seen the grave of Lenin's (??) son, Guards Captain Andrej Armand, who fell in Oct. 1944 as the front Lenin, Anna Konstantynowicz / Константинович and Inessa Armand in train from Switzerland, Germany, Sweden to Finland, April 1917. Copyright by http://www.pseudology.org/Bank/PlombVagon85.htm pushed towards Prussia. 


When Lenin was writing to Inessa Armand to Moscow by 16 February 1920, asked her about any products which were sent to Konstantynowicz (according to 'Lenin in his life. ...' by Е. Н. Guslarov; address of Inessa: Nieglinnaja street, house 9, flat No 6; s. 226). 

Anna Konstantynowicz, Lenin Ulyanov and Inessa / Ines Armand in a sealed train, April 1917 The coup d'etat by Lenin in 1917 Lenin and his money

The Armand noble family

Paul Armand was born probably in 1770, acc. to unpublished memoirs of David L. Armand. Paul Armand with wife Angelica daughter of Charles (1765 in Alsatia - 1813 in Moscow) and with 14-year-old son, Jean (Jean / Ivan / Jean-Louis Armand born 1786 or 1798 - died 1855 in Moscowwent to Moscow in 1812, when Napoleon was in Moscow but this family has appeared in Russia at the end of the XVIII century, an escape from the terror of the French RevolutionWhen Napoleon had to withdraw, Paul had no choice to withdraw together with the French army (author Svetlana Alexandrovna Krylatov, a descendant of the family Kurtener, during a meeting of the descendants of the merchant families in the former Merchants Club in Malaya Dmitrovka in 1990). Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede from Estonia (or Latvia - the Livland government), Jozef Hacker / Joseph Hakker / Osip Hecke / Hekke.

Samples:
Hacker / Hakker / Häcker, Wilhelm Ferdinand, born in 1774, d. Riga 27. 11. 1842; his sons: 1. Ferdinand Eduard Hacker, Dorpat 4. 11. 1812, d. Riga 1877, m. in Lübeck in 1835 to Friederike Hernquist; 2. Woldemar Magnus Hacker, Riga 27. 10. 1818, d. 1888, m. in Riga 1851 to Juliane Georgine Mittmann, second married to Carolina Meyenn; his sons: 1. Julius Hacker (1852-1896), 2. Wilhelm Woldemar Hacker b. Riga in 1859, m. in Riga in 1900 to Erna Burkhard; son: Fritz Woldemar Jacob Hacker born in Riga 1903.

The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg: Charles Collignon, engineer; Édouard Collignon - after graduating from the l'École polytechnique in 1849, in 1857 to 1862 he played an important role in the construction of railways from Saint Petersburg to Warsaw. Marie Barbe COLLIGNON (b. ca 1804 in Mercy-le-Haut, died 12 July 1883 in Tucquegnieux), married to Louis FLOSSE, born 10 April 1800, her father Joseph COLLIGNON b. 1774 in Mercy-le-Haut - his parents Nicolas COLLIGNON and Anne HURLAUX. François Collignon b. 1673, his father Hubert Collignon; Nicolas Collignon was son of above Francois; Nicolas Collignon b. 1723, his son Nicolas Collignon 2nd b. 1752, granddaughter Marie Barbe Collignon (b. 1786, d. 1831 and completely different person then above Marie b. ca 1804) - her husband François Navel.
Sabine father has name Evgen the 'first'.

Sophia was the daughter of Ivan from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker) about 1850. No data about this Swede (from Eesti / Estland / Estonia). From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second' Armand. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.

In the second half of the 19th century lived with the Armand family a governess, girls Inessa and Rene Stefan, both were married to two brothers Armand, Alexander and Nicholas. Inessa Fedorovna in 1903, leaving her husband, lived with his brother Volodya and after escaping from exile in 1909, Inessa Fedorovna went to Switzerland, where she was waiting for Vladimir / Volodya.  Alexander went to Belgium, graduated on engineer to manage a factory of his father. After collectivization in 1930 he appealed to Alechinsky farm and lived until 1943.

Maria Osipovna was a musician and student of Nicholas Rubinstein (Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein b. 1835 and was a Russian pianist, the younger brother of Anton Rubinstein; with Nikolai Pietrovich Trubetskoy / Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy born 1828 died 1900, was the founder of the Moscow Conservatory). Sophia, daughter of Joseph was graduated from high school. Amateurishly painted. She was  in love with the youngest of the cousins ​​- Emil, third son of Eugene / Evgeny and soon married about 1883. The Catholic Church blessed the couple. Alexandr son of Joseph, wanted to become a monk, but he went to the army, and eventually became a police officer. 


Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / 
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand
Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth; was married to a Polish woman, Catholic - Mary Frantsevna Pashkovskaya / Maria Paszkowski (Пашковские) daughter of Franciszek.

She was born
1819 and died 1901


and was
highly educated, c. 1840 studied painting in France; she was a woman of strong and humble disposition.

Eugeniusz Ludwik Armand / Eugene Louis was married to a beautiful Polish - Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya. Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat. ... Young Catholics family donated money the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Pushkino.
When Armand moved to Orthodoxy, grandchildren of Louis Eugene / Yevgeny Ivanovich were baptized in this church.

Maria had a tender heart. In contrast to the position of her husband, his wife was educated, and drew quite well, in France she drew the ruins of castles and really liked them; Evgeny built in a park such ruins.  

She was daughter of
general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski
with the Zadora coat of arms
who was born 12 October 1778 in Brody - d. 11 March 1856 in Cracow, friend of general Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

It's amazing that the October Revolution in 1917, which swept the Russian Empire, allowing the reconstruction of Poland, broke out just on the anniversary of the death of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, exactly the 100th anniversary of his death, and around Lenin appeared figures of the Polish nobility, which adopted a sense of the Kosciuszko Polish patriotism.
"Instead, after the fall of Napoleon's empire in 1815 he met with Russia's Tsar Alexander I in Braunau. In return for his prospective services, Kosciuszko demanded social reforms and territorial gains for Poland, which he wished to reach as far as the Dvina and Dnieper Rivers in the east".

On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.
The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities. This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland. Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state. Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

And now we look at the text below written in January 2014. Bogdan Konstantynowicz, the author of this website believes that we can already, after a quarter-century of research on my genealogy, give to my readers to analyse and rethink, a few comments on the role of our family Konstantynowicz and the Polish-French family Armand from Moscow, in the deep structures of political intelligence of Tsarist Russia and in the strategic network of Russia's technology military intelligence and then even of the Soviet Union.

This is the text for further discussion.

Approximately one hundred years infiltrating of the military intelligence of Tsarist Russia by Polish agents in the years around 1814 - about 1922, brought unprecedented positive effect - Polish independence in 1918. But the Polish country was destroyed completely after the events of 1939, and above all after the creation of the Soviet protectorate in 1944/1945. Jozef Pilsudski served for the military Austro - Hungarian intelligence, rose to the rank of brigadier general there / Brigadier. So he took advantage from the Germans and Austrians structure worked out into Tsarist Russia, which created artificial figures in the revolutionary socialist movement: Trubeckoj Nestor, Peter Kropotkin, Lenin Ulyanov, as well as in Russian networks of the military and industrial structures of the second half of the 19th century: electricity, telegraph, ciphers, decryption, generators, radio lamps, lighting lamps, aircraft, aircraft engines and vehicles, magneto for engines, new types of steel, electrical cables, airships, cars, radio, then television and soviet nuclear industry. At the same time, the French military intelligence expanded in Russia, by the old French families, and others: English, Polish and Georgian in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The network intelligence gone back to the Napoleonic times and the Italian Legions. Through these Cracow networks have developed for a family Trubeckoj, Kalinowski, Oginski, Konstantynowicz, Paszkowski, Armand, Demontet, Duflon, Rey, Diserens. Russian military intelligence and counterintelligence created by Baltic German families from Latvia and Estonia, went back as far to families: Schilling, Benkendorf, Dubbelt, Rosenberg, Gernet, Rehbinder, Rosen, and next a military intelligence network reached Georgia and Svaneti - Racha: Japaridze, Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Maipariani - full this system took over the Pilsudski movement from the top, among others by family Konstantynowicz from Miezonka, Moscow, Tallinn and Viljandi.

The great importance in this system of underground operation had Armand family from Moscow, next of kin with the Wild, Demontet, a Georgian families, Konstantynowicz and Paszkowski. Therefore they were relatives of Trubecki, Siedych, Rosenberg, Armand, Manfred, and had a Georgians family: Dadiani, Gruzinsky, Japaridze and Maipariani. The Russian counterintelligence climb on this system. Now appeared Spychalski family, Jaroszewicz, Zarako Zarakowski, Swierczewski, Żymierski. On the margin remained Malkiewicz and Horodecki, Szostak and Zbieranowski and Andrzejak of Lodz and many others from Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Belarus and Russia, and Finland, and of course in Sweden: Nobel, Damm, Hagelin, Hakker. With the intelligence system Austro-Hungarian Empire and Tsarist Russia fully used the Jozef Pilsudski, in order to rebuild Polish state. Took over the structure in Lodz, Krakow, St. Petersburg, in Belarus and Moscow. Inesse Armand and Anna Konstantynowicz were planted to Lenin, not counting other Armands.

Pilsudski always spoke he has got a few or a dozen years to build and re-build the independent Polish state, because then Russia raise with knees.
It was surely Stalin who idolized the Russian imperial state. However, it succeeded smash Russia in the 1917 - 1922 and rebuild Poland in 1918.

Dominik Paszkowski
born 1783 in Brody, the Lwow province; his father Jan Paszkowski was born c. 1750 and has got the Zadora coat of arms; married c. 1770 / 1777 and Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, general, was
his first son.

General Franciszek Paszkowski.
In May 1797, he emigrated to Italy, where he joined the Polish Legions (in September 1800, was assigned to the Italian Legion): III Battalion 2 Legion. The 1799 Campaign in Italy; he was a lecturer in history at the School of Military legion in Mantua, but he also taught mathematics and languages.
He worked with General Rymkiewicz and Cyprian Godebski, became friend with Joseph Kalasanty Szaniawski and Andrew Horodyski / Andrzej Horodyski;
the Legion of Verona, in the siege of Mantua and after the capitulation was captured Austrian. Despite the fact that Marshal Lannes had no Poles on his Staff, Captain Milkiewicz and
Captain Paszkowski served as Staff Officers for Marshal Ney.
In 1798 Cpt. Adjutant Major; 1800, the Italian Legion on the staff at the side of General Wielhorski.
Attached to Gen. Lapoype and served his aide;
in December 1801, Paszkowski wanted to emigree to the United States.
In 1801 he met Kosciuszko and the next three years he spent at his side, gathering material for a biography.
In 1804-1805 he served in the military camp of Chalons-sur-Marne. Chalons-en-Champagne or Chalons-sur-Marne, in northern France, capital of the Champagne-Ardenne region.
In the campaign of 1805, fought in the cavalry of Marshal Joachim Murat, as a translator and - by Wężyk - was adjutant of Murat.
Did not lose contact with Kosciuszko.
During the War of the Third Coalition Paszkowski distinguished himself at the Battle of Austerlitz, also participated in the campaign of 1806, in November 1806, together with Murat came to Warsaw. Next served I Battalion 3 regiment with the rank of lieutenant colonel; December 1807 - Colonel and Chief of Staff of the Legion.
With General Stanislaw Fiszer stay in Paris 1807, he served as Chief of the General Staff.
1809 - adjutant of the Saxon King Friedrich August / Frederick Augustus Duke of Warsaw; was awarded the Military Cross Polish (Military Virtue). Zamosc and Cracow.
In 1812, commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 16th Infantry Division under General Zayonchek / Jozef Zajaczek: Smolensk, Borodino and Czirikov; to Vilnius traveled together with Fr. Joseph; 1812 he was promoted to brigadier general; Warsaw, in January 1813, Modlin; from Krakow to Dresden - after the capitulation of Dresden was captured by the Austrian and he was in the Hungarian city of Zalaegerszeg. After the Treaty of Paris returned to the country.

General F. M. Paszkowski was living in Tonie located north-west of Cracow, close to Bronowice Wielkie. Among prominent holders of Tonie were:
Bernard Wapowski, Sierakowski rector of the Cathedral of Wawel, after his death in 1806 village became the property of the Austrian state, since 1820, Tonie leased General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, followed by his nephew

(Franciszek Paszkowski born 26 March 1818 in Warsaw, Member of the National Parliament of Galicia, son of Dominic Paszkowski (1783-1866) and Anna Niemojewski d. 1872, brother of Joseph Edmund Paszkowski, studied painting at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, studied painting in Düsseldorf, in Dresden and Rome; after uncle General Francis Maximilian Paszkowski was owner of Tonie).

Lucjan Rydel in the years 1901-1912 lived here with the family, and Tetmajer. Francis Paszkowski born 27 September 1853 in Warsaw, lawyer and Member of Parliament of Galicia, was the son of Joseph Edmund and Seweryna nee Stompf, brother of Leon, in 1883, published the memoirs of Kosciuszko, the next owner of Tonie.


His family:
colonel Jozef Paszkowski 1787 - 1858.


Franciszek Paszkowski
(Franciszek Jozef Wladyslaw Paszkowski) was born 1818 and died 1883, painter - who was studied painting in Rome 1839, acc. to J. Pachonski, and after was living in Cracow; here was member of the Science Cracow Association since 1848 - after 1873; his father Dominik Paszkowski was born 1783 in Brody and was brother of general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski (b. 1778).
Jan, the grandfather of above named Franciszek - painter was living in Brody and was born circa 1750.
Father of Franciszek - Dominik Paszkowski (at a portrait) and brother (at a portrait) Jozef Edmund Paszkowski. The same Jozef Edmund Paszkowski b. 1817 and died 1861, poet and translator.

Franciszek was a nephew of general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski b. 1778 and the nephew of Wojciech Paszkowski, who was member of the independent authorities of Galicia in 1809; also he was the uncle of Franciszek Paszkowski, lawyer, b. 1853 died 1926.

Józef Franciszek Daniel Paszkowski (?= Jozef Edmund Paszkowski)
with coat of arms of Zadora was born 3 January 1817 in Warsaw and
died 1861 in Warsaw, too;

son of Dominik Paszkowski (father was born 1783 in Brody); he was related with Stompf family, the Lasocki from Lasocin with coat of arms of Dolega,  Kulikowski, Niemojewski, Gzowski families, his son Leon Ignacy Józef Paszkowski was related with Niemojewski and Falkiewicz.
Addition: Michal Paszkowski colonel of militia, died after 1819.

Maria Paszkowska that is Paszkovski has got

three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie that is Emil Armand / Aрманд (
Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie / Emil about 1847).

All the sons had taken the house close to Pushkino factory c. 1875. T
he elder son, Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor. His wife,
Barbara Karlovna Demonets
had 12 children,

all the sons were married and all the daughters married: it was told about
 39 grandchildren Eugene and Barbara Karlovna (all
42 cousins). His wife, Barbara Karlovna  - a woman of extraordinary kindness and care, shelter under his wing all.

On the Saparov family: among others Tatela, Kalabekov,
Sofia Paat d. 1866 from Estonia / Estland (connections to the Paats' / Paats / Päts / Paat family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district; Paats' family moved to Asuncion, Paraguay in 1894; Jaan Paats b. 1861 in Mooste, Polva kihelkond, Vorumaa - his father Jakob Paats b. 1833 and grandfather Peeter Paats),
Markaryan, Mary Mirimanov, Vakhtang Jalalov, Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglyarov d. 1905, Varvara Maypariani, Alexander Florensky (1850-1908), Tabriz, Nikolai Romanovich Karamyan d. 1930, Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, Leo Emilevich Armand (Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin) - Leo Emilevich Armand that is his father Emily E. / Эмилий Евгеньевич and Евгений Евгеньевич / Evgeny, father in law of Inessa Armand - were brothers; in Riga one of the descendants of this family is living. Any details: Saparov Pavel Gerasimov (1820 - 1878), was married to Sophia Paat (d. 1866), children: Saparova Anna born before 1845, Saparov Gerasimos 1845 - 1869, Saparova Elizabeth 1854? - 1919 was married to Sergei Teimurazovich Melik-Beglarov d. 1905 and
Saparov Arkady 1854 - before 1921, was married to Varvara Maypariani:
children - Saparova Elena Arkadevna,
Saparova Tamara Arkadevna (b. ca 1880?) was married 1st to Ivan Iaparidze son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze (b. ca 1860) from the upper Racha region of Georgia (sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau (b. 1855) nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze; father Constantine died 1860) that is Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and 2nd marriage to Leo Emilievich Armand (b. 1880) - Inessa Armand - the wife of his cousin;
Saparova Nina Arkadevna d. before 1920,
Saparova Catherine Arkadevna d. 1916 and
Saparova Maria Arkadevna.

Genealogy of the Dadiani and Japaridze - Imereti and Svaneti - Racha. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives from Sakartvelo / Georgia,  Svaneti, Imereti.


Note:
The Melik - Beglyarov / Melik-Beglarov family from Armenia and Azerbaijan: Melik-Beglyarov Shaamir Khan Fridunovich / Shamir Fridonovich or Shemir Bey, 1808 Lieutenant, Russian service, 1821 as Chief of Staff for Commander of the Caucasian Russian Army, General Ermolov; Major-General, the translator of the Russian mission in Persia in Tabriz, descendant of an old Armenian Karabakh ancestry. Melik - Beglyarov Osip Fridunovich, 1826 - the lieutenant, in Karabakh, 1849 a colonel.
Melik-Beglyarov Gerasim - colonel of medical service, a nobleman, born 1851, the representative of the ancient Armenian Karabakh ancestry, a senior doctor of the 3rd Infantry Caucasian native militia, 1891-1897 in Elisavetpol.
Melik-Beglyarov Jason Hezekiah Luarsabovich b. 1861, graduated in 1891, the Ryazan - Kazan line and Moscow-Kazan Railway, was in that position until 1917, lived in Moscow. Paul Shamirovich Melik-Beglyarov.

Maypariani or Maipariani from Tbilisi, Georgia.

Japaridze from Tbilisi.
The Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე is a Georgian noble family, a princely one in the Kingdom of Imereti, and in Kartli, Kakheti. Under the Russian rule, the family was received among the princely nobility in 1850. 1. Dzhaparidze / Джапаридзе / Japaridze / ჯაფარიძე Prokofy b. 1880, Georgian Communist activist, as Alyosha Dzhaparidze, Alyoşa Caparidze, Прокофий Апрасионович Джапаридзе was Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Born in Schardometi village of Racha, Kutaisi Governorate, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti / რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი და ქვემო სვანეთი in northwestern Georgia. In 1901 in Kutaisi. In 1904 he moved to Baku.
2. In 1882, Princess Agrippina Japaridze (b. 1855 - died 1926 or 1927) became a morganatic wife of Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg (1850 - 1906) and received the title of Countess Zarnekau. Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ - a patron of numerous educational establishments in Russian Georgia. She taken controversial role in the secret marriage of Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina,_Countess_von_Zarnekau - Agrippina Japaridze was born in the upper Racha region of Georgia, parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze. Her father Constantine died 1860, and her mother Melania moved to Kutaisi, where she 2nd time married. Agrippina was sent to the St. Nino School, where she received her education along with Olympia Nikoladze, sister of Georgian statesman Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე / Nikolos Nikoladze. In 1876, Agrippina married a Georgian nobleman named Tariel Dadiani, with four children, Miquel, Levanti, and Nino.
Above Niko Nikoladze / ნიკო ნიკოლაძე b. 1843, public figure, was born in the village of Didi Jikhaishi, Imereti, western Georgia. After leaving St. Petersburg he went to study in Zurich 1864 - 1868. During his stay in Zurich, through Paul Lafargue he met Karl Marx. While in Europe, he briefly collaborated with Aleksandr Herzen.

In the 1880s, Kutaisi became a new location for the Hopersky Kuban Cossacks, commanded by Duke of Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, b. 1850, was a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. On 3 August 1809, Duke George of Oldenburg, the grandfather of Constantine Petrovich, married to Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Tsar Paul I. Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg b. 1812 in Yaroslavl. Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp was known in the court of Tsar Nicholas II as Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg. Under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus, Constantine Petrovich rose to the rank of Lt. General of Kuban Cossacks.
Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg m. 1856 to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1831, the son of Tsar Nicholas I and commander-in-chief in 1877-1878. Their son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia b. 1856 was commander-in-chief of the Russian Army during the First World War I.

Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France. Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.

Children of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich (Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832 the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I; Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia
and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy b. 1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid
) of Russia:
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia,
Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna,
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich b. 1861 and in 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie of Merenberg (relatives of the Pushkin family / Puskin/ Alexander S. Puszkin - family was near by military counterintelligence headquarters), Grand Duke George Mikhailovich,
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) b. 1866 - freemason, and near by military intelligence headquarters,
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich and last Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich.

Above Duke Oldenburg, Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, that is Duke of Oldenburg / Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg, served as an adjutant stationed on the Caucasian Front in Georgia, under command of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, the Governor General of the Caucasus.
Above named Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel Daniel Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command. The Dadiani were respected noble family in Georgia, as a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty. Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani. On 20 October 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with a titleless Georgian noblewoman Agrippina Japaridze. Between 1883 and 1892 they produced six children, all of them born in Kutais, the Caucasus: Alexandra Constantinovna von Zarnekau, Countess von Zarnekau b. 1883 married in 1900 Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky, a son of Alexander II of Russia. In 1884, they bought a local wine cellar established by the Frenchman Shote in 1876 for bottling champagne, doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe). Above Prince George Gogo Yurievsky was the son of Tsar Alexander II and his secret mistress, Catherine Dolgorukov, the Princess Yurievskaya.
In 1885, Baron Arthur von Mohrenheim, head of the Russian Okhrana (secret police) in Paris, reported that the widowed Princess Yurievskaya had been using her money to finance a group of Russian nihilists who were attempting to kill Tsar Alexander III and his family.
Prince Viktor Nakachidze, was convicted in late 1885 for participating in a nihilist bomb plot to kill the Tsar. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina Japaridze, the wife of Constantine Petrovich, and to the Dadiani family.
Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg died 1906. Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia married to a local Georgian noblewoman from the house of Nakashidze, who was Agrippina's cousin. Prince Nakachidze had connections to Agrippina and to the family of Agrippina's former husband, the Dadiani family, which was then living in exile at Nice. Prince Victor Nakachidze was sentenced to death and sent to Siberia.

Details on the Dadiani family:
Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800 in Simbirsk, Sengileevsky County and died 1865 in Moscow, adjutant, Colonel, commander of Erivan Regiment; his father Leon Aleksandrovich and Maria nee Naryshkina; Piotr / Peter Katenin reported violations to the emperor and when Emperor Nicholas I in 1837 visited the Caucasus, he removed Alexander Leonovich Dadian and ordered immediately send to Bobruisk. His wife's mother, Elizabeth D. Rosen, was next of kin with Baron Alexander G. Rosen (1812-1874) - the hero of the battle of Warsaw in 1831. His father Baron Grigory V. Rosen (1782-1841), Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, General of Infantry, Adjutant General in 1818. And grandfather Lieutenant-General V. I. Rosen (1742-1790) from his marriage to the Olympia Raevskaya Feodorovna.

Note on the Rosen family:
From Carl Gottlieb Gernet b. 1700 d. 1791: Hedwig Charlotte von Rosen nee von Gernet b. on March 30, 1821 in Reval / Tallinn and died 1884 in Reval, her father - Karl Johann von Gernet 1776 Lehhola / Lehola - 1857 in Lauenhof / Lőve, Pődrala, Valdamaa, Estland; and her grandfather - Carl Gustav von Gernet 1747 - 1812, and her great-grandfather - Carl Gottlieb von Gernet b. on March 18, 1700 and died on May 4, 1791 in Lehhola; her husband - Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus / Woldemar von Rosen 1813 - 1892 and his father - Hans Wilhelm Gustav Freiherr von Rosen 1780 - 1862. Above Karl Gustav Woldemar Amandus von Rosen, b. 12 Jan 1813 at Resna, m. 1844 at Hapsal / Haapsalu to Hedwig Charlotte von Gernet b. at Reval, daughter of Johann von Gernet and his wife Hedwig Elisabeth von Patkul of Habbinem. Sons of above named Hedwig:
1. Johann Wilhelm Fabian Richard von Rosen, b. at Neuenhof near Hapsal, m. at St. Petersburg to Sophie Valentine Schottländer d. 28 Sep 1912 at Reval,
2. Leo Felix Karl von Rosen, b. in St. Petersburg, m. 2ndly in 1927 at London to Magna Smith daughter of Nadeschda Kowalewskaja Smith / Kowalewski. The palace of Herrenhaus Neuenhof that is Uuemőisa mőis east part of Haapsalu at present.
The noble Schillings / Schilling family moved to Estonia / Estland from Courland (Kurland). Karl Gebhard von Schilling began his service in the Russian army, married to Helene Charlotte von Römer of Müüsleri / Seinigal and Orina / Orgena - 2 km north-east of Jarva-Jaani (Orina, Järva-Jaani vald / Ярва-Яаани, Ярвамаа, Эстония). See: http://www.balticconnections.net/ Müüsleri (Seinigal by German) is a village in the rural community Kareda - ca 80 km east-south of Saku, close to Jarva-Jaani. Pauline Amalie Sophie von Schilling b. 1806 in Reval / Tallinn, Estland / Eesti, her mother Anna Juliane von Rosen b. 1770.

Above Prince Alexander Leonovich Dadian / Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800, was married two times:
1. to Princess Nina Farnaozovna Georgia / Нина Фарнаозовна Грузинская b. 1802, daughter of Prince Gruzinsky and Princess Anne Georgian Eristov - Ksani / Аннa Эристовa-Ксанскa, making his son Nicholas (1824-1829);
2. from 1836 to Baroness Lydia G. Rosen (1817-1866), daughter of Gregory Vladimirovich Rosen (1782-1841) and Elizabeth Dmitrievna Zubov / Елизаветa Дмитриевнa Зубов (1790-1862). Children:
a. Maria (1840-1894) m. Senator Nikolai Arsenyev, b. Anton / Anton Dadian b. 1841 - 1906 who has children: Nadiezda Antonovna Dadian, Dmitry Antonovich Dadian, Alexander Antonovich Dadian, c. Leon 1845, d. Mitro 1847.

Acc. to: http://www.royalark.net/Georgia/ under Copyright © Christopher Buyers, March 2003 - August 2008.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria.

His father: Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani
(and his grandfather: Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani, daughter of Prince Kakhaberidze-Chijavadze; he d. after 1804, having six sons and three daughters. Above named the fourth son (he d. after 1804) of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia, m. first a daughter of Prince Shervashidze; m. second to Ana Dadiani. Above Katsia II Dadiani (from List of monarchs of Mingrelia: 1758–1788 or 1744-1788) was friend of David II / დავით II (1756–1795), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, who was King of Imereti in the western Georgia. David II was the son of George IX of Imereti. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. He attempted to establish a contact with Imperial Russia and to restrict the powers of great nobles. David's policy drew many leading aristocrats, including the Mingrelian prince Grigol Dadiani
(Prince Petri Nichola Dadiani, b. 1812, in Mingrelia, m. Princess Mariami Marika Dadiani, daughter of Prince Davit Gurieli, by his wife, Princess Elena, third daughter of Grigol VI Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia - he had two sons: Prince Aleksandri Petri Dadiani b. 1843 and Prince Levanti Petri Dadiani b. 1848, m. Princess Kekela Dadiani. Western Georgia has the semi-independent prince-regent Dadian Grigol of Mingrelia / Grigol VI Dadiani. In 1803, his country was taken under direct Russian suzerainty until the dignity of Dadian was finally abolished in 1867. Nicholas Dadiani in 1867 was compelled to cede all his sovereign rights to the Tsar in exchange for 1.000.000 rubles, a grant of estates in Russia, and the title of Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky, and his brother Andrew has the name of Prince Mingrelia),
into opposition. Between 1792 and 1794, he attempted, with the Dagestan mercenaries, to reclaim the crown, but suffered a defeat and withdrew from Imereti. He died in exile at Akhaltsikhe. This is an excerpt from the article of the Wikipedia. Princess Thamar b. 1790, d. 1818, second daughter of Prince Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Dukes of Mingrelia, married before May 1808 to General Prince Giorgi Shirvashidze / Safar Ali Bey, Prince of Abkhazia, who signed a petition for protection from Russia in 1808, having four sons and six daughters),
m. Princess Rodami Dadiani b. 1820, daughter of Prince Manuchari Mikeladze. He d. 1856, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze Bego of the Guria, by his wife Princess Marika, daughter of Prince Tarieli Dadiani of Mingrelia; m. second 1859 and div. 1882 to
Princess Agrafina
(Agrafina / Agryppina / Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze / აგრაფინა ჯაფარიძე, გრაფინია ფონ ზარნეკაუ and parents Constantine and Melania Japaridze; father Constantine died 1860; Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze b. at Radsha, Georgia, 1855; m. second, at Kutaisi in 1882 as Countess von Zarnekau by Grand Duke Peter II of Oldenburg, to Lieutenant-General Konstantin Friedrich Peter, Duke of Oldenburg, by whom she had two sons and two daughters, and she d. at Kislovodsk, North Caucasus in 1926)
daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze / Konstantyn Japaridze.
Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani had one daughter by his first wife, and two sons and one daughter by his second wife (on June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani):
- Prince Mikeli Tarieli Dadiani b. 1860,
- Prince Levanti Tarieli Dadiani b. 1864,
- Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani b. 1859 m. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani (b. 1855), eldest son of Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife, Princess Salomea Nino, daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua,
- Princess Nino Dadiani b. 1868 m. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani (b. 1864), son of Prince Niko Bessarioni Dadiani, Chief of Police of Zugdidi, by his wife Princess Nina (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Chichua.
2. Prince Nikolaoz Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1846,
3. Prince Platoni Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1848.
4. Colonel Prince Petri Aleksandri Dadiani, 1855, served in the Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878, m. Princess Agatha Dadiani younger daughter of Prince Ioani Elizbari Dadiani, by his wife, Princess Kesaria, daughter of Prince Vameq Giorgi Dadiani. He d. at Harbin, China in 1939.
5. Colonel Prince Giorgi Aleksandri Dadiani b. 1855, Col. of Cavalry, Russian service, m. Princess Nadejda Dadiani b. 1863, nee von Traumberg, adopted daughter of General Jakov Ivanovich Jzuravskii, and of his wife, Helena Zakharovna, daughter of Zakhari Chachikishvili of Natakhtari.

Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764, Ambassador to Russia 1805-1806, Major Gen. Russian Army, married first time to Princess Mariami Dadiani (d. 1802), daughter of Rustami Shervashidze, Duke in Guria, and married second to Princess Kethevan Dadiani, daughter of Prince Marshania. He d. 1834, having five sons and two daughters:
1. Prince Giorgi Nichola Dadiani, b. 1795, m. Princess Varvara Dadiani (b. 1804),
2. Prince Aleksandri Nichola Dadiani;
3. Prince Besarioni Nichola Dadiani, b. 1810, m. Princess Evdukia Dadiani (b. 1810), heving one son and three daughters:
a. Prince Niko Besarioni Dadiani, b. 1830, Chief of Police of Zugdidi in 1857, m. Princess Salomea Nino Dadiani (b. 1835), daughter of Prince Katsia Chichua with children:
aa. Prince Giorgi Niko Dadiani, b. 1855, m. Princess Margareta Tsitsino Dadiani (b. 1859), elder daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, by his first wife, Princess Sopio, daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze, of the Guria;
ab. Prince Demeter Niko Dadiani, b. 1862;
ac. Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze - he had two sons and four daughters.
4. Prince Petri Nichola Dadiani, b. 1812, Supreme Tribunal of Justice in Mingrelia, m. Princess Mariami Marika Dadiani, daughter of Prince Davit Gurieli, by his wife, Princess Elena, third daughter of
Grigol VI Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia - he had two sons: Prince Aleksandri Petri Dadiani b. 1843 and Prince Levanti Petri Dadiani b. 1848, m. Princess Kekela Dadiani.

The Lengold family, now in Serbia, Belgrade.

A son of Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg (daughter of Samuel Rosenberg, she was born in Germany) and (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) her husband Zachary Manfred: historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) was born in St Petersburg. He was a nephew of Leon Bakst.
In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory.
Viljandi has old residential architecture, among the fancy Villa Rosenberg, the house from the beginning of the 20th century. In 1937 the building was sold; was rebuilt by architect John Freshman. Here was living painter Johannes. The building is located in the old town of Viljandi heritage conservation area. Text: Agneta Land-Koskinen.
Johann / Johan Rosenberg b. 1826 - 1876 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-Kopu mois - 20 km west of Viljandi, close to Kopu, Viljandi County, Estonia. Kopu is a small borough in Viljandi County, administrative centre of Kopu Parish (his sons: Jaan Rosenberg b. 1852 - 1907, from Kopu Parish, Tonis Rosenberg b. 1869 from Sulesaare talu, Suure-Kopu mois, Viljandimaa; and Johan Rosenberg b. 1864 from Sulesaare talu, and last Mihkel Rosenberg b. 1867). His wife Kadri Soob b. 1829 from Suure-Kopu mois, died 1874 in Viljandi (Vil'iandi / Fellin). His father Juhhan Rosenberg b. 1796 from Suure-Kopu mois. His grandfather: Toni Juntsi Andres Rosenberg b. 1770 in Viljandimaa.
Rosenberg Fyodor / Fedor b. 03/01/1867 in Viljandi and d. 1934, Leningrad, Russian orientalist, the USSR Academy of Sciences 1923, the University of St. Petersburg 1889, 1902-31 of the Asiatic Museum. Pauline Rosenberg Leuska b. 1897 - burial in Lääne-Virumaa (Rakvere district), Eesti, died 1982 in Ida-Virumaa - east of Rakvere, near by Narva.

In Estonia and Latvia in the nineteenth century lived another family by the name Rosenberg. These different families do not need to have any links of kinship. Both families: Rosenberg-Manfred and Rosenberg-Siré do not have kinship one with the other, one another, acc. to me.
A note on the Rosenberg family from Estonia. Mary nee Rosenberg came from Revel, died at 50's or early 60's of the 20th cent.; her sister - Wanda Rosenberg 1881 - 1959, daughter of Eduard Rosenberg. She was born in Revel, died in Baku. German from the Baltic barons; graduated from the Institute for Noble Maidens, knew German, French, English and Russian languages​​, sometimes in Germany, France and Switzerland. In the late 90's of the 19th cent. married Mikhailov Sergei Mikhailovich from Moscow and moved to Baku. Husband was a director of the high school. In 1906 he had a son Constantine, in 1912 - Boris. In 1937 Sergei Mikhailovich was repressioned in Stalin's camps; Wanda Rosenberg / Vande Edwardovna as wife of enemy was 10 years imprisonment. 1948, Wanda E. returned to Baku. In Tallinn lived her younger sister Mary Edwardovna Rosenberg - 1949. An elder brother lived in New York, where he moved in 1925; The family of the Rosenbergs had four children. Sisters Wanda and Mary and two brothers - Peter and Nicholas, one of them was a colonel in the tsarist army.
Alfred Rosenberg died 1946 was also from Revel. Alfred Ernst Rosenberg / Alfred Rosenberg Voldemarovich, in the family where father was born in 1862 in Riga, Baltic German merchant; Woldemar William Rosenberg / Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg / Walter Wilhelm married to - born in St. Petersburg - Elfriede Caroline Siré, a descendant of the French Huguenots family moved to Estonia. Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg 1862 - 1904; his father Martin Rosenberg b. 1820 (Martin 1820-96, master shoemaker in Riga), from Valmiera / Dickeln / Dikli, now Valmiera in north Latvia, south of Viljandi - Valmiera parish, Burtnieku novads, Latvia. Johann (1781), from Dickeln in Livonia (Dikel′n / Dickeln, Vol'mar county, Livonia, Russia; or Dikļi 24 km northwest of Valmiera, north Latvia, Juris Neikens, the pastor in the village and writer, the Lutheran Church Dikļi since about 1848). Above Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg born in Tallinn, Harjumaa, and died 1904 in Tallinn, Harjumaa; his wife Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Siré 1868 - 1893, her father Friedrich August Siré 1843 - died in 1916 in Baku, Azerbaijan; grandfather Otto Ludwig Siré b. 1809 in Liepāja / Libau, Office Mitmeister at Konigsberg, Hans Heinrich Company; Liepājas pilsēta, Latvia - Lipawa in Courland. Died 1883 in Tallinn, Harju County.
The Sire family among other from France. Pierre-Paul Sire 1756 - 1809 from Jean Cyr (Sire) b. ca 1655 in St-Éloi-de-Dunkerque, Flandres, Hollande - at present France. Friedrich August Siré 1843-1916, an accountant, railway official, most recently in Baku; and his wife Louise Rosalie Fabricius 1842-1919 / Luise Rosalie Siré (nee Fabricius) - she was from Lihula, Läänemaa, Eesti; her father Johann Carl Fabricius b. ca 1812 from Pernau / Pärnu. Daughter Elfriede Luise Caroline Rosenberg nee Siré 1868 St. Petersburg - 1893 and her son Alfred Ernst Rosenberg 1893 - 1946 from Tallinn. Above Lihula, Läänemaa, Eesti, north-west of Parnu, and south-east of Haeska ca 24 km and Kiideva; south-east of Keskkula.

Note about Wittgenstein and Trubecki families:

1. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government; his wife Antuanetta Snarska / Antoinette Snarski born 1778 in Polock, her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr Trubecki / Trubeckoy b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
2. Mikolaj / Nikolaj Trubecki b. 1828, with his wife Liubov Vasilievna Orlov - Denisov, b. 1828 died 1860 but not 1869, for example, son: Piotr Trubecki / Piotr Nikolaievitch Trubetzkoy b. in Akhtyra 5 Oct. 1858 and died in Novotcherkask on 17 Oct. 1911, married in Moscow on 13 Oct. 1884 to Alexandra Vladimirovna Obolenskaya b. Moscow on 8 Nov. 1861, d. Authon-la-Chapelle on 14 Dec. 1939.
You see: http://de.rodovid.org/wk/Person:223460.
3. Stefania Wittgenstein b. Paris 1809, d. 1832, nee Radziwill - father Dominik Radziwill b. 1786, d. 1813; mother Teofila Morawska. Stefania was owner about 12000 km˛ that is 1 mln ha in Belarus (Miezonka...) and Lithuania. Her children: Piotr Wittgenstein b. 1831 and Maria b. 1829 with husband Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Her husband from 1828 Ludwik Adolf  F. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn) born 8 June 1799 in Kowno, He was first son of Ludwik Adolf Piotr / Pjotr Christianovich zu Sayn und Wittgenstein / Пётр Христианович Витгенштейн, who was born 1769 in Pierejaslawl Zalesskij either Нежин / Negine or Переяславл, and died 11 June 1843 in Lwiw / Lwow.
Mickiewicze Wielkie: in 1870 situated in the Minsk Governorate, the Slutsk district, volost Kleck, but in 1923 in the Poland, Province Nowogródek, the district of Nieswiez. Mickiewicze on way from Niasviz / Nieswiez to Klieck / Kleck. Close to Asmolawa. It was the Витгенштейн family estate as Быховщизна in 1870 (Wittgenstein - Byhovschizna). P. L. Wittgenstein to E. K. Pilyavskaya / E. Pilawska in 1886-1887. In 1887, Peter / P. L. Wittgenstein died, the son Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein; Peter L. Wittgenstein b. 1831, Vilna Province, Lieutenant-General, a military agent in France, the Russian-Turkish war, one of the richest landowners of the Russian Empire. Wankowicz family / the Vankovichs were living in the Slutsk county, lived near Kleck, Byhovschinka / Byhovschizna / Byhovschina and Ostreika / Astrejka in the Bobruisk (?) county, lived in the Borovische village in the district of Hlusk / Glussk. This Byhovschizna was in the Slutsk County. It was into the property of the Prince D. Radziwill, of Nesvizh. Above Lew / Prince Lev Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn b. June 7, 1799, the eldest son of Field Marshal Count Peter Xristianovich Wittgenstein / Piotr Christianovich Wittgenstein and Antoinette Stanislavnovna Snarskii / Antuanetta Snarski / Antuaneta Snarska. He was married twice: 1. 1828 to Princess Stefania nee Radziwill, daughter of above Dominik Radziwill and Theophile Morawska; with two children: Maria or Antoinette Carolina - Stefania, and above Peter / Peter Dominic Ludwig 1832-1887, Adjutant General, Lieutenant General. 2. Princess Leonilla Baryatinskaya Ivanovna.

On the Wittgenstein and the Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij families:

a. Ferdinand Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1834 died 1888, married in 1868 to Paraskewa princess Dadiani / Dadian 1847-1919, see about Bagrationi Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky family; he was child of August 1788-1874, who married 1823 to Franziska Allesina von Schweitzer, and he was grandchild of Christian Heinrich 1753-1800 (married 1775 Charlotte Friederike countess of Leiningen-Westerburg 1759-1831), great-grandchild of Ludwig Ferdinand 1712-1773, and great-great-grandchild of Casimir 1687-1741. His father Ludwig Franz 1660 - 1694. See below (point e)! 

Western Georgia has the semi-independent prince-regent Dadian Grigol of Mingrelia. In 1803, his country was taken under direct Russian suzerainty until the dignity of Dadian was finally abolished in 1867. Prince
Alexander Dadiani, colonel of the Erivan Regiment, was an imperial aide-de-camp but tsar Nicholas taken his sword from him, and have him sent off to the fortress of Bobruisk. Nicholas Dadiani in 1867 was compelled to cede all his sovereign rights to the Tsar in exchange for 1.000.000 rubles, a grant of estates in Russia, and the title of Prince Dadian-Mingrelsky, and his brother Andrew has the name of Prince Mingrelia.

Praskovya A. nee Dadiani married to Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, was born 1846 or 1847; her parents: Aleksandr Leonovich Dadiani b. 1800

(his father Leon A. Dadiani, his grandparents Alexander P. Dadiani b. 1753 and

Leonovna Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753 died 1812.

The parents of above Alexander: Peter G. Dadiani and Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja died March 19, 1780.

Parents of above Piotr / Peter: George / Egor Levanovich Dadiani b. 1683 and Sophia A. Imereti of Mukhrani b. 1691 died 1747
)

and mother of Praskovya: Lydia G. Rosen born 1816 and died 1866

(a branch from baron Vladimir I. Rosen, born 1742 died 1792 and his wife Olympia Raevskaya / Olimpia / Olimpiada Rajewska born ca 1746).

Above named Anna Bagration-Gruzinskaja of Mukhrani born 1753, died in Moscow, February of 1812, married Alexander Petrovich Dadiani b. 1753/54, died in Moscow on 26 Jan. 1811. Her father Levan Bagration-Gruzinsky, born Moscow 1739, or 1730 acc. to me! He was in 1753 married to Alexandra Yakovlevna Sibirsky b. 1728. Her grandfather Bakar I King of Kartli, born Kutaisi 1700, married Anna Eristavi of Aragvi b. 1706. Her great-grandfather Vakhtang VI King of Kartli, b. 15 Sept. 1675.
More inf.: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/georgia/bagrat10.html.

Connections to the Paats family in the Parnumaa / Parnu district and the Helme parish in the area of Viljandimaa / Viljandi County

b.
Ludwig Adolf Peter (Piotr) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolph Peter vel Pjotr Christianowitsch, Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein b. 1769 in Negine in the Kiev government or in Perejaslaw-Chmelnyzkyj, d. 1843, his parents: Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein. In 1798 he married Polish lady from Polock, Antonia Cecilie Snarska / Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski and had in this marriage 11 children.  
c.
Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg or Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1725 and died 6 May 1797, Rheda. He was a son of Count
Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth. He was taken captive in 1761, settled in Russia, and then serving in the Caucasus. He was married two times: to Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein and to Anna Petrovna Dolgorukova.
d.
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg was a side line of the Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg family, created by Graf Casimir b. 1687 - d. 1741, ruled 1694-1741, for his brother,
Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg b. 1694 died 1750. Above named two brothers were sons of Ludwig Franz b. 1660 d. 1694, ruled 1684 - 1694.
e.
Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg (Ludwig Francis zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg) b. 1694 - d. 1750 and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth b. 1700 d. 1750. 

4. Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born 1769 Negine in the Kiev government with his wife Antuanetta Snarskaja / Snarski (Polish roots) born 1778 Polock and her son Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, born 1799 Kowno, second son Stanislaw Piotrowicz Wittgenstein / Станислав Петрович Витгенштейн, born June 1800, Alexander zu Sayn-Wittgenstein born August 1803, Riga, and Georgij, Aleksiej and Nikolaj; her daughter Emilia Pietrovna Wittgenstein / Эмилия Петровна Витгенштейн b. 1801, d. 1869, with husband Trubecki Piotr Ivanovich b. 1798, d. 1871; her children: Piotr b. 1822, Mikolaj / Nikolaj b. 1828 in Moscow, Aleksandr b. 1830, Olga b. 1838 with husband Dolgorukov.
5. The director of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society, Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki with the first wife countess Liubov Vasilievna nee Orlov - Denisov, she born 1828 and died February 1860.
Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov married Trubeckaya died 1860; a date of 1869 is error; her daughter Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936; 5 October 1858 was born Pietr Nikolajevich Trubeckoj and Maria nee Trubecki / Trubeckaja born circa 1860!

Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka born circa 1840 was married to Konstantynowicz / Константинович / Konstantinovich (he was born ca 1840) before 1873, and next was living in Kazan in 1874 and she was probably from the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy princely family (Трубецкой и Эстония). I need to emphasizes that this is only a hypothesis but all genealogical and historical data lead towards the Belarusian - Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy family. A son of Maria Trubecka - Wiktor Konstantynowicz / Victor Konstantinovich / Константинович - was living in Piotrogrod / St Petersburg in 1917 and Tallinn after 1918 but 1924 he lived in the town of Viljandi.

6. Children of the second wife Zofia Lopuchin from 1860 and Prince Mikolaj / Nikolai Trubetskoy / Nikolaj Pietrovich duke Trubecki:
among others 1862 Sergiej / Siergiej, 1863 Evgenij / Evgenii, Marija / Maryna / Marina Trubecki b. 1877 - died 1924 and Maria born 1864 - died 1926 ('the second') married Kristi or Christi

(the husband of Maria Nikolaevna Trubetskoy from April 1, 1881 became a cornet of the Guard Hussar Regiment, Grigory Christie b. 1856 d. 1911; but she was only 17? In 1902 - 1905 G. / Jerzy Christie has successfully taken the post of governor of Moscow; June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, his son Vladimir was born, d. 1946),
Grzegorz, and so on.
Webpage 'ru.rodovid.org' is informing only about 12 children but was 13, including two sisters from the first wife and son Pietr. Polish data base inf. only about the second wife of Mikolaj Trubecki! In 2011 I was writing on 13 children. 
Some false information about countess Sofia Vasilievna Tolstoi / Sofya Tolstaya / Tolstoj concern her life when she took children of her early deceased sister Princess Lyubov Vasilyevna Troubetzkoy (1828 - died 25 Febr. 1860), on the parenting:  Sophia (1853 or 1854 died in 1936),
Peter (1858 - 1911) and
Mary 

(1860 - 1926, but here date of birth is false; Sofia Nikolajevna Trubeckaja married Glebova, b. 04 November 1854 died 7 September 1936 and Mary / Maria nee Trubecki was born in 1860 or ca 1853!
Different source inf.: Maria, born Moscow on 24 February 1860, died in Romania 1926 married on 1 April 1881 to Gregori Kristy. And next Marija / Maryna Trubecki b. 1864, died 1926 and - ? - was married to Kristi or Christi; this information is deliberately confused and mixed
!
Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya was born ca 1853 or circa 1860
),

because the father, Prince Nikolai Petrovich Trubetskoy on 12 May 1861 married to Sophia Alexeevna Lopukhina, and from his second marriage he had ten children. For older Trubetskoy - Sophia - was Vladimir Glebov, the wedding was July 2, 1878.
So...

Some about the Tolstoy family and Golitsyn

Golitsyn Prince Alexei Borisovich 1732-1892, Major-General, his wife Princess Anna Georgijevna Gruzinskaya 1754-1779
and his daughters
: Maria 1772-1826, Princess, her husband Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769-1844, five sons and four daughters; and Elizabeth 1779-1853, her husband Alexander Ivanovich Osterman-Tolstoy 1770-1857, had no children.
Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy 1769/70-1844, from 1797 Adjutant General, in 1806-1807 the main army chief of staff, in 1829, Chief of St. Petersburg and Kronstadt. His wife Maria Golitsyn Alekseevna 1772-1826. Children among others: Egor / Jegor 1802-1874, Lieutenant-General, Senator since 1861, his wife Princess Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy; and Vladymir 1805-1875, Major General, his wife Countess Sofya Orlov-Denisov.
Varvara Petrovna Troubetzkoy died February 12, 1900, marriage: Jegor / Egor / Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy b. July 19, 1802 and died March 12, 1874, child: Mary Yegorovna / Marija Jegorovna Tolstaya born 1843.
Father of Varvara - Peter Petrovich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy, b. August 23, 1793 and died August 13, 1840.
Grandparents of Varvara: Peter Sergeevich Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoy b. 1760 died 1817 and Darya Alexandrovna Gruzinskaya branch Bagration of Mukhrani from the Royal Family died 1796.
And also:
Prince Nikolai Borisovich Golitsyn b. 8 / 19 November 1794, musician, and served in the Second Caucasian war 1820 - 1832, held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, great-grandson of Field Marshal Mikhail Golitsyn and son of Lieutenant-General Prince Boris A. Golitsyn 1766-1822 and Princess Anna Alexandrovna Bagration of Georgia / Bagration Gruzinskaya 1763-1822, granddaughter of the king of Kartli - Bakara III and great-granddaughter of Alexander Menshikov. Above Nikolai Golitsyn was also personally acquainted with Chopin and Oginski - both Poles.

7. Liubov Vasilievna duchess Orlov - Denisov: her husband Nikolay Pietrovich Trubeckoj b. 1828 died 1900; his mother Emilia Wittgenstein b. 1801 died 1869; his father Pietr / Piotr Ivanovich Trubeckoj b. 1798. Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy in 1861 married again to Sophia Alekseevna Lopukhin b. 1841 died 1901; the second marriage of  N. Trubetskoy had ten children that is half-brothers and sisters of  P.   Trubetskoy (younger).
Above Countess Sofya / Sophia Tolstoy, born Countess Orlov-Denisov, died November 30, 1885. When V. P. Tolstoy died on February 8, 1875, his widow Sofya lived in Uzkoje estate with favorite niece, the Countess Maria Yegorovna
b. 1843 and married Orlov-Davydov; she was the daughter of Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy, who was one of the owners of this estate in 1844 - 1845, and his wife Varvara Petrovna, nee Princess Troubetzkoy. When a son of G. I. Kristi - Vladimir was born on June 14, 1882 in Uzkoje, landowner of the village Uzkoje, Countess Sofya Tolstaya held his son at baptism, June 14 at a local church.
Above Sophia V. nee Orlov-Denisov b. 1817, her parents Vasily Orlov vel Orlov-Denisov b. 1775 and Maria A. Vasiliev; she married to Vladimir Tolstoy born June 13, 1805; 

sisters of above Sofia Vasilievna nee Orlov Denisov: 

Nadjezda married Michail Katenin, 

Ljubov married to Nikolaj Pietrovich Trubeckoj; brothers: 

Fiodor with wife Elizabeth A. Nikitin died 1898, and Michail with wife Tchertkova.

The Nikitin family - among others:

Boris Nikitin b. 1883 and died August 11, 1943, Russian officer of the Imperial Army, son of General Vladimir Nikitin; educated in Tiflis Military School, he served in the Kabardian Horse Regiment, on November 30, 1916 served in the Quartermaster General Staff of the 7th Army; from March 12, 1917 counter-intelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District, from June 1917 Quartermaster - General of Petrograd Staff and after head of Intelligence in Department GUGSH, from July 1917
(July 1, 1917 Boris Nikitin,
head of counterintelligence of Petrograd taken from French captain Laurent P. a telegram intercepted by Allied intelligence; their authors and recipients were Lenin, Zinoviev, M. Y. Kozlovsky, A. Kollontai, Sumenson and Hanecki; under the influence of evidence on the same day July 1, Nikitin wrote out a warrant for the arrest of 28 leaders of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin; a government collected 21 volumes of investigative materials destroyed after the October Revolution; see a memoirs of counterintelligence chief of the Petrograd Military District B. V. Nikitin, 'Fatal years', Moscov 2000, p. 85-86);
in September 1917, appointed Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps and sent out from Petrograd; from 1918 to February 1919 the commander in Dagestan.
His father Vladimir Nikitin born 1848, Russian general of artillery, the commander of the Odessa Military District 1914, Commandant of the Pietropavlovskaja fortress 1916-1917 and he was meeting with Rasputin; the daughter of V. Nikitin, Lidia, maid of honor of the Imperial Court, was a hot fan of Rasputin, was part of his closest circle.

Kierenski / Kerensky wrote down:
"...firmly believe that the uprising of October 24-25, 1917 is coincided with a serious crisis in the Austro - German relations, coincided with Ludendorff counterattack undertaken by Lenin in July 1917. By November 15, 1917 was supposed to conclude a separate peace between Russia and Turkey and Bulgaria. Suddenly, somewhere on October 20, 1917 we received a secret message from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Austro-Hungarian, Count Czernin. The letter, which came to us through Sweden, said that Austria-Hungary secretly from Germany ready to sign peace with us. It was assumed that representatives will arrive ... for a conference of war aims, which was to open in Paris on November 3, 1917. It is likely that Ludendorff and all other supporters of the war ... found out about it before us. ... Ludendorff now ... to prevent Austria out of the war and ... on October 24, 1917 Lenin sent to members of the Central Committee, hysterical letter, which said: 'Comrades. I am writing this evening of the 24th, 1917 the situation utterly critical. It's clear that now ... Can not wait! You can lose everything!...'. On the night of October 23, 1917 the Military Revolutionary Committee of Trotsky, ... began to give orders about the capture of the city government offices and strategic facilities. Being in possession of these documents beginning of the uprising, at 11 a.m. on October 24, 1917 I went to a meeting of the Council of the Russian Republic and asked the presiding Avksentieva immediately give me a call. I was giving a speech, when I was approached by Konovalov and handed me a note. After reading it, I (said): 'I have now a copy of the document, which is sent out ... "Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies ... Ordain lead regiment on full alert and await further orders. ... For chairman Podvoisky. Secretary Antonov". ... Thus in the capital now there is a state, which in the language of judicial authorities and state law called the uprising. Actually, this is an attempt to raise the mob against the existing order and disrupt the Constituent Assembly and to disclose united front before ... Wilhelm!'...".

Stefan T. Possony, Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964; Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service.
"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer, after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks (in 1964) which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling (in 1964). But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

"General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ...

Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9.
W. K. Korostowetz / Korostowiec / Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable.

General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky / Oleksinski.

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin."

"In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree. The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech...".

Alexander Lvovich Parvus / Алекса́ндр Льво́вич Па́рвус / Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (1867-1924), was a Marxist revolutionary; was born to an ethnic Jewish family in Berazino; his father working as an artisan of a locksmith or a blacksmith; the family's home in Berazino was destroyed by a fire, and they moved to Odessa to Israel's paternal grandfather. Tanya Helfand was Parvus's wife, but Helphand left his first wife, Tanya, for another woman; he had left his wife and his son without plans to provide for them in the future. In 1886 first traveled from Russia to Basel, Switzerland. He returned to Russia briefly the following year, and again he would remain abroad for more than a decade. Returning to Switzerland, in 1888 Gelfand enrolled at the University of Basle to 1891, next moved to Germany, 1900, he met Vladimir Lenin for the first time, in Munich begin publishing his revolutionary paper Iskra; "...German intelligence soon estimated he would be useful in efforts against the Russian Empire". Some accuse Parvus of having funded Lenin while in Switzerland; Parvus met Lenin in Bern in May 1915 and agreed to collaboration through their organizations.

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary.
Professor Richard Pipes describes it:
'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

The Armand brothers received education  in Moscow, in France and Germany, mainly in the textile business and dyeing of fabrics.
Evgenii Armand and his wife Varvara Karlovna (Barbara daughter of Karl Demonet / Carl de Monet's that is Charles Demonets or DEMONTET from Vaud province / Monnette / Demonsi Monnet) Demonets also had a very large family. Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow and in 1869 next child Alexander. Elizabeth-Ines Fedorovna Stephane fitted in nicely with her new family:
Anna and Alexander Armand were slightly older than she, while Vladimir born in 1875, Evgeniia b. 1876 and Boris born 1878 were somewhat younger.
According to: '
French settlers in Moscow and some of the descendants: Collection', the author-composer V. Egorov, Fedosov, ed. Moscow, 2005, p. 200-210 and Copyright © Institution 'Museum of entrepreneurs, philanthropists and benefactors', powered by Vadim Tretyakov: Evgeny and his wife Barbara Karlovna nee Demonsi had 12 children: Anna (1866 - 1932), Mary (1868 - 1942), Alexander (1870 - 1943), Vera (1871 - 1942), Nicholas (1872 - 1936), Vladimir (1874 - 1875), Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920), Boris (1878 - 1920), Sophia (1881 - 1941), Sergei (1882 - 1945), Barbara (1882 - 1966), Vladimir (1885 - 1909). Vladimir Armand joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna helped finance party organizations. They lived in Pushkino,  according to JoAnn Ruckman, 'Moscow Business Elite...', edit. 1984, p. 61 and by Egor Nazarenko - a great grandson of one of Evgenii Armand's brothers. They owned house in Moscow, but in summer lived in Finland
The Eugene family intermarried with the families: Demonsi-Shnaubert-Mathiesen-Bunkin-Tsitsin, Konstantynowicz / Константинович and Manfred, Kohl - Osipov, Pampel / Papmel - Mazing, Vdovin, Stepanov, Stephen, Wild, Karasev, Fedosov, Egorov, Zhurin, Pichnikovyh - Shaposhnikov - Zilina, Cardo - Sysoev, Fallen, Shapiro, Romas and others.

A details:
Schnaubert or Shnaubert Ivan A.,
Professor of Chemistry at Kharkov University, b. about 1781 in Giessen in Hesse region. He studied at the Chemical Institute in Erfurt, Jena in 1803. In 1804 he was invited to Kharkov University and was appointed professor of chemistry.
Boris Shnaubert b. 1852 in Moscow and died October 1917, a Russian engineer and architect, he served on the Moscow - Kazan Railway.
Kazan ca 1870 - 1890? Repeatedly executed orders from wealthy merchant family Абрикосовых / Abrikosov 1900 - 1904 in Moscow.
See Demonets
and Anastasia Gruzinskaya from Daugavpils.

Demontet / Demonsi / Demonets, Kazan ca 1835 - 1839.
Demonsi Carl, the son of a Frenchman,
a native of Moscow, he studied at the Kazan univ. 1837, was prof. at the Kharkov Univ., died in 1867.
Demonsi was in 1864 a Moscow merchant 1st guild and a shareholder of a plants in the Urals.

Barbara Karlovna Armand from the Demonsi family was wife of Evgeny Armand.
Her sons:
1. Aleksandr E. Armand 1870 - 1943, wife Ines Armand Stéphane - his daughters Inna, Varvara, and sons Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Fiedor Aleksandrovich, 2. Vladimir E. Armand 1874 - 1875, 3. Nikolaj / Nicholas E. Armand and his wife Rene / Maria Feodorovna Stéphane Armand 1872 - 1936, his son a. Pavel Nikolajevich Armand 1902 - 1964, his daughter Rene Pavlovna, b. daughter Marija Nikolayevna, 4. Boris E. Armand 1878 - 1920, 5. Sergej / Siergiej / Sergey E. Armand 1882 - 1945, 6. daughters: Zofia / Sofija, Anna Evgenievna, Viera, Evgenija, Varvara, Maria / Marija.

On the Mathiesen family:
Mathiesen from Ncstved is a town in a municipality of the same name, located on the island of Zealand in Denmark. The town is one hour away from Copenhagen.
Anna Henrikke Petronelle Mathiesen from Oslo, Norway. Jorgen Arthur Mathiesen 1901 was a Norwegian landowner. The Vvedensky cemetry, Moscow: Alexander Eduard Mathiesen, died October 1881.

Mazing - Korkus in Livonia, from Estonia:
Revel, Dorpat, Narva and Viru / Wierland - Varstu Parish in Voru County, and from Riga, St. Petersburg in Russia.
Motherland - the former Livonia, Estonia present. According to legend from the Swedish soldier who settled after 1630 in St. Mary Magdalene in Kayavere in Livonia.
Kaiavere - village south-west of Maarja-Magdaleena, east of Mullavere, east of Puurmani, north from Tartu / Dorpat.
Mazing / Masing Edward Wilhelm b. 1836 from St. Petersburg; Michael Masing b. 1836, Russian - Turkish war of 1877, general. From Dorpat Leonhard Masing and Ernst Masing; Otto Wilhelm Masing from Ida-Virumaa and his son Carl Gustav Theodor Masing; Carl Johannes Masing b. 1811 Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa, Eesti. From Piirsalu, Läänemaa east of Haapsalu, connected to Mari Masing and from Roela, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia - south-east of Rakvere; and an area south of Viljandi - Valga county; also from Iisaku, Ida-Virumaa, Eesti. Heinkople Ado Masing b. ca 1833 d. 1896 in
Raikküla mois Lipa, Harjumaa;
from Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia, east of Haapsalu. Christoph Otto Wilhelm Masing; Peter Otto Christoph Masing b. 1811, from Riga; Carl Michael Reinhold Masing, general of artillery.

The Manzing / Mansing / Masing family from Revel are not Estonian, only Swedish descendants and come from Sweden.
On the Bunkin family and Shnaubert:
Carl Shnaubert, a doctor, at the beginning of the XIX century in Moscow.
Constantine Bunkin, Eng., took part in the construction of the first Soviet helicopter.
On the Tsitsin family: Natalia Tsitsin art restorer, a granddaughter of the architect Boris Shnaubert (born in 1925) and Maria - died in 1915. Boris Shnaubert died in 1917. Her father Konstantin Bunkin, engineer.
On the Manfred family:
Albert Z. Manfred 1906 St. Petersburg, his father

Manfred L. Zachar / Zakhar / Zahar, worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, the French language was Manfred native one. He studied in St. Petersburg.

About Pampel / Papmel:

Papmel Alexander d. 1958, in France; Papmel E., a native of Finland.

Pampel Eduard 1884 - 1952, Germany, began his career in Russia: Lessner factory in St. Petersburg 1911, then entered the factory Becker in Revel; he worked at the aerodynamic laboratory of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute 1917, shipbuilding division Putilov factory. Plant Becker was in Revel that is Revel Shipyard BECKER & Co. / Joint Stock Company 'metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants Becker & Co.' in Reval / Tallinn. During the First World War, it had to be evacuated to Novorossiysk, where it is located on the site of a small factory Muller, Lampe & Co., after which he ever lost shipbuilding specialization. The factory made ​​machine-gun and artillery tower installation of armored trains.

Adolf and his wife, Alexandra, nee Lengold had three children: Andrew (1875 - 1884), Helen (1876 - 1958) and Margaret (1881 - 1882). They intermarried with the families of Repman, Gauthier, Doble, and others.

On the Reppman / Reppmann / Repman - surname:
Margarete Reppmann nee Neufang b. 1840, has sisters Katharina Schneider and Eva Neu, Elisabeth Stahl from Durrenbach, Germany, and next Dorothee Stoll. But the Viljandi district is core area of the Repmann / Reppmann or Repman family in tsarist Russia (all data under copyright of the host geni.com):
Mari Reinoja / Repmann nee Luik, b. 1884, her husband Hans Reinoja / Repmann from Koo riigimois, the Viljandi district; his daughters: Anna Repmann b. 1922, Leida Reinoja / Repmann b. 1916, and Amanda Repmann b. 1913 d. 1925 from Koo vald ca 29 km north of Viljandi. Kai Kamm nee Repman 1833 - 1901, from Soomevere küla, died 1901 in Koksvere küla, Koo vald. Her brothers: Jaak Repmann (1843 - 1911) from Koo riigimois, the Viljandi district (his son: Mihkel Reinoja / Repmann b. 1892 in Kirivere, Koo riigimois, Pilistvere khk, Viljandimaa - ca 40 km north of Viljandi) and Hans Repmann b. 1841 from Soomevere küla and died in Viljandi. Ado Repmann (1801 - 1859) from Soomevere küla, Koo vald - ca 40 km north of Viljandi, his son Jaak Repmann b. 1843. Madli Repmann 1808 from Paluküla anddied in Soomevere.

Repman, Hristianovich Albert (1835 - 1917/18 or 1834 - 1917) - a nobleman, State Councillor, tutor of N. E. Zhukovsky / Н. Е. Жуковски (Nikolai Zhukovsky b. 1847, Russian mechanic, created the science of aerodynamics, professor at Moscow University), director of the Department of Applied Physics, experimenter and researcher in the field of electrical engineering.
Репман, Евгения Альбертовна / Evgenija Repman / Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937) - daughter of Repman, Hristianovich Albert, director of the 1st Moscow cooperative high school - gymnasium of E. A. Repman - Armand; she was the Armand family relatives.
Elena Albertovna Deysha / Deyshu / Георгий Песков (1885-1977) - daughter of A. H. Repman, novelist, Elena graduated from the Higher Courses for Women in Moscow, married a hydraulic engineer Adrian Deyshu Vasilyevich (1886-1952); 1917 they had a son George, 1924 emigration, Elena Albertovna had two sisters and a brother: above Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937), Olga Albertovna (1873/74-1939/40) and Vladimir Albertovich (1876/77-1953).
Others: Repman Vladimir Hristianovich (1869-1924) - Russian Soviet engineer. Repman Edward Hristianovich / Edward Khristianovich (1829-1872/76 or 1829-1876) - the owner of the guest house: Gauthier Dyufaye and K. I. Buhonov. Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович (1843-1927, m. to 1. Бейер Наталья Емельяновна, 2. Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна).

Christian Karlovic or Karlovich Reppmann / Repman / son of Karl Reppmann

(brothers of above Hristan Karlovic / Christian Karlovich Reppmann: Repman Karl Karlovich, Repman Philip Karlovic; the father of Christian Karlovic or Hristan Karlovich Reppmann / Repman: Reppmann Karl Christian, died in Montjoie or Monzhua / Manshau, his wife Straasin Anna Katarina Elisabeta born 1760; her father Straasin Iohann Mary, b. 1727, mother Maria Elisabett Buchsbaum) - his youngest son

Christian Christianovich has married two times; his second wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze (1870-1943) from Estland / Estonia probably. Above named Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович (1843-1927, m. to 1. Beier / Бейер Наталья Емельяновна, 2. wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze (1870-1943) from Estland / Estonia probably).

Repman or REPPMANN CHRISTIANS KARLOVICH b. 1798 in Monzhua or Manshau, Germany now, Flamand / Flomandiya (acc. to: geni.com and vgd.ru, All Russia Family Tree, is a kind of 'Who is (and was) who in Russia' site with display of family links; Copyright by Kotelnikov S. D., Birukova L. V., 1998 - 2014. But we know about Nieder Monjou / Nieder-Monjou, НИДЕРМОНЖУ, Бобровка, 1917 – Самарская goverment), died in Moscow.

Wife of above Christian Karlovic or Karlovich Reppmann / Repman / Christian son of Karl Reppmann: Dupuy / DuPuy / noble form du Puy / du Puis / Дюпюи Констанция Константиновна (b. 1810, Moscow - 1880, Moscow; we know about Jean Baptiste Édouard Louis Camille Du Puy b. 1770, singer, born in Corcelles-Cormondrcche, Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, next in Geneva, Paris, Copenhagen, Stockholm);
her children: Repman Edward Hristianovich 1829-1872, Repman Arkady Hristianovich 1831-1883 + wife Marian Ingram Ivanovna, Repman Emily Hristianovich 1833-1905 (a teacher of the 2nd Moscow Gymnasium. His son Repman Vladimir Emilevich - a member of the Society of Art and Literature. Emily Hristianovich Repman has wife Adele V. Gauthier / Gouthier), Repman Albert Hristianovich 1835-1918 (wife Krauze / Krause / Краузе Юлия Богдановна / Julia Krauss Bogdanovna or Julia Karlovna Krause / Krauze 1870-1943 from Estland / Estonia probably; she was after the second wife of Repman, Christian Christianovich / Репман Христиан Христианович), Repman Adele Christianovna 1838 + Leo / Lew Burggaller husband, Repman Matilda Christianovna 1840-1913, Repman Christian Christianovich 1843-1927 (1. Natalia Beyer Emelyanovna, 2. Julia Krause Bogdanovna / nee Krauss), Repman Christianovna Ermania / Ehrmann / Репман Эрмания Христиановна 1845-1931 (husband Byukseymeyster Andrey).

Next figures:
Christian Gottfrid Reppmann, his wife Iohanna Eleonora Rudolfin.
Repman Eduard Abramovich, 1870 in Moscow, lived in the city of Orel. Arrested in 1937, was shot.

Hereditary honorary citizen (Adolf Armand!?) A. A. Armand in 1884 donated 1,000 rubles for this school, after his son Andrew Armand was a former pupil of the gymnasium. I am thinking on Adolf Armand and his wife, Alexandra, nee Lengold had three children, oldest Andrew (1875 - 1884).

Faina Nikolaevna Chatchaturian - her mother was friend of Haina / Chiena Armand, wife of younger son of Inessa Armand, Andrei Armand.

Alexander Andreyevich Sacha CATOIRE, son of Henry Andrei, had a fortune amounting to 1,200,000 rubles; married Henriette Gilonne HARCOURT from counts of Harcourt; since 1855 all males of the older generation of the family CATOIRE were members of the Council of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis of the French at street Malaya Lioubianka No. 10-12; 1859 were elected to the leadership of the French charitable associations of Moscow. The CATOIRE were close to families: ARMAND, DUTFOY and DUPRÉ / DUPRE, and prominent members of the French colony of Moscow.

Emil E. was married to Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke). They had six children: Leo (1880 - 1942), Natalie (1881 - ?), Mary (1883 -), Sophia (1885 - 1923?), Paul (1887 - 1892), Eugene (1890 -). They intermarried with the family Kindinger and others.

On the Hacker or Hakker family from Estonia:
Hacker / Hakker / Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961; his son Gert Hacker / Hangelaid; his brother Hugo Wilhelm Eduard Hacker b. 1884; his father Wilhelm Hacker b. 1852, grandfather (Szymon) Siim Hacker b. 1817. About above named Gottfried Hacker or Hakker: engineer, Wismar Polytechnic 1909 - 1913, Lehola / Leola 1913, Kunda 1918.
Gottfried Hacker or Hakker was living in Harjumaa, Lehola / Leola in 1913.
About above Siim Hacker b. 1817; his sons: Constantin Johann Hacker b. 1859 d. on February 28, 1926 in Keila - Keila town is 5 km north-east of Lehola, Harju County, and Keila is west of Saku; Gustav Hacker b. 1854 Hiiumaa - island, west of Haapsalu, died on September 28, 1917 in Tallinn, Harjumaa (his daughter Olga-Pauline Hacker b. 1876 d. 1877).

Samples:
Hacker / Hakker / Häcker, Wilhelm Ferdinand, born in 1774, d. Riga 27. 11. 1842; his sons: 1. Ferdinand Eduard Hacker, Dorpat 4. 11. 1812, d. Riga 1877, m. in Lübeck in 1835 to Friederike Hernquist; 2. Woldemar Magnus Hacker, Riga 27. 10. 1818, d. 1888, m. in Riga 1851 to Juliane Georgine Mittmann, second married to Carolina Meyenn; his sons: 1. Julius Hacker (1852-1896), 2. Wilhelm Woldemar Hacker b. Riga in 1859, m. in Riga in 1900 to Erna Burkhard; son: Fritz Woldemar Jacob Hacker born in Riga 1903.

Lehola:
here was born in 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola / Lehola as above, Estonia - and his sons:
1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857; and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет (Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa.
Sophia nee Armand was the daughter of Ivan Armand from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede from Estonia - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker among others from Lehola) about 1850. No data about this Swede but this family gone from Estland / Eesti / Estonia. From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second'. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan Armand and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hekke / Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker from Estonia, but roots from Sweden or Sverige?!) about 1850. The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg.

Samples:
Hacker / Hakker / Häcker, Wilhelm Ferdinand, born in 1774, d. Riga 27. 11. 1842; his sons: 1. Ferdinand Eduard Hacker, Dorpat 4. 11. 1812, d. Riga 1877, m. in Lübeck in 1835 to Friederike Hernquist; 2. Woldemar Magnus Hacker, Riga 27. 10. 1818, d. 1888, m. in Riga 1851 to Juliane Georgine Mittmann, second married to Carolina Meyenn; his sons: 1. Julius Hacker (1852-1896), 2. Wilhelm Woldemar Hacker b. Riga in 1859, m. in Riga in 1900 to Erna Burkhard; son: Fritz Woldemar Jacob Hacker born in Riga 1903.

In Estonia, the use of electricity began in 1882 at the Manufactory of Kreenholm, but the first public power - 108 or 100 kW and 220 V - launched November 2, 1907 in Pärnu. The first industrial power plant was built at the Kunda cement factory in 1893.

Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961 in Germany, graduated from Wismar Polytechnical School as certified engineer, 1913 lived in LEHOLA.
Designed and built Estonian first electric power plant to Aru bog, on rented land from Kunda manor and the first high-voltage line 15 kV between different areas, which on 18 Oct. 1918 brought electricity to Rakvere. 1919 - 1939 was living in Tallinn. 1939 emigrated to Germany.

Kunda in Kirchspiel Maholm, Viru-Nigula Parish in Virumaa County, at present the Kunda Municipality in Lääne-Virumaa County. Viru-Nigula Parish - 25 km east-north of Rakvere, 13 km south-east of Kunda. "At the end of 1860s the owner of Kunda Manor John Girard de Soucanton became interested in the possibility of producing cement. Since 1893 steam engines were used for mining raw material, and a hydroelectric power station was completed at the same time (the first in all Estonia)". Gustav John Edmund Baron Girard de Soucanton, from Selgs b. 1863 in Kunda. His wife Sophie Eleonore (Ellinor) Girard de Soucanton (von Rosenbach). His grandfather from Reval, Johann Carl Baron Girard de Soucanton b. 1785. The Girard family was originally from the French countryside Languedoc - Roussillon.

Bliebernicht Johann Eduard began producing beer in 1869. He was bought in Pärnu a mechanical plant. In 1910 introduced the first electric motors.

As a young man, Evgeny Armand was a clerk - official at a German factory in Vanteevke near by Bolshevo about 1845, i
n 1853 Evgeny bought dyeing factory in Pushkino, Moscow Province, from the French owner, Favard; in 1859, Evgeny build a second factory close to this one; c. 1865 Evgeny built a house and made it his residence. In addition there were houses in Moscow, four-story office in the Old Square, at the corner Varvarka, an apartment house in the German market, the trading house on Vozdvizhenka street near the Arbat Square. They were co-owners of the Firm 'E. Armand and his sons', and two textile factories in the Moscow suburb, owned houses in Moscow and estates in the suburbs, were members of the charitable community organizations.  

A brothers Brilling, Nicholas R. and Eugene R., big engineers of engines, operating in the Soviet era and even after World War II, Nikolai Romanovich was a famous theorist, honored worker of science, the brothers were married to two sisters Armand. There were another of the next of kin, Dr. Kohl and K. Fedosov and KonstantynowiczThe middle brother, Adolph E. was, in contrast to his elder brother. Three brothers lived lavishly, but these great bourgeois clan Armand began to decline but t
he 'Evgenii Armand and Sons' Company by 1912 had two thousand employees. However, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, all Armand continued to live in Pushkino and Nicholas Vladislavovich Ivinsky was here as governor.  

1909 - 1910 

Battleships 'Sevastopol', 'Petropavlovsk', 'Poltava' and 'Gangut' were laid in June 1909 in Petersburg and the construction of new battleships required the use of private businesses: 'Kulebaki association Prodamet', 'Metal',  'Putilov', Obukhov, 'G. A. Lessner' and of course for electrical equipment, plants 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.', 'Volta', 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'Geisler and Erickson'.
Acc. to: R. M. Melnikov, 'The battleship "Emperor Pavel I" 1906 - 1925', "... the beginning of all this work (with 'Emperor Pavel I') relates to 1906, when the plants have started to implement orders in mine arms, and until 1912 the ship is in a period of buildings and testing. During this time, were made all the principal mine works, equipped with facilities, installed devices, pumps, duct, radio, floodlights, alarm systems and all electrical installations. Since 1912, the ship enters into ... fleet ... Ship's electrical systems ... the ship in 1911 taken from plants: the Baltic, Volta, Geisler, 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and from the Kronshtadt port. ... In 1911, on the march back from Kronstadt to Revel was acceptance ... electric steering device, manufactured by the 'Volta'. ... there are two portable electric water turbines made by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' tested in 1912 ... Two electric winches ... were installed at the ship and manufactured by 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in 1911. ... shunt motor for polishing metal capacity of 1 kilowatt ... in 1911 made by the 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' and installed on a ship ... In 1912, from the plant of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', were two 90-cm projectors of Sotter with gilt metal parabolic reflectors. Spotlight placed on the anterior and posterior bridges on the rails, which can be rolled from side to side...".

The Ministry of the Navy ordered 32 of the fortress spotlight diameter of 210 cm of an Italian company 'Officine Galileo' for Revel at the beginning of 1914. When the war began contract was terminated, and the Castle Management Committee arranged a competition among Russian electrical engineering firms. 16 spotlights a diameter of 200 cm gave Russian branch of the Siemens - Schuckert factory in St Petersburg, and spotlights with smaller diameters (all 60) - The Company electromechanical structures (former 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz'). In the meantime, had to interrupt the test of Italian spotlight (The Officine Galileo / Galileo Workshop is an important Italian manufacturer of scientific instruments; at present - scientific instruments for satellites; located in Campi Bisenzio, in the province of Florence, 1862 by Giovanni Battista Donati, Angelo Vegni, and after Guglielmo Marconi; 1873, the production was extended to electric tools, lighting, optical instruments, periscopes, stereoscopic rangefinders) and set it on the Weems peninsula. The War Department has transferred to the fortress a spotlights to the north coast of the island Nargen and another on Surop peninsula near Marah.


Curiosity: on 28 August 1909 a robbery at a very mysterious circumstances, committed in the night of August 14 at the factory company 'L. Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' on Lopukhinsky Street. The plant was guarded by night watchmen, but from the office was stolen 5000 rubles. The money were intended for delivery to the workers. One key had got a porter, the other an accountant and no traces on the walls.
In 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' of 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis.

1892 -  1910 


"In 1892, Swiss citizen, L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon (built in St. Petersburg plant for the production of electrical equipment and) opened in St. Petersburg 'Electrical studio'. In the same year 1892 L. F. Dyuflon / Duflon concluded a cooperation agreement with Moscow businessman A. Konstantinovich / Константинович / Apollon (Apollo) Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl / Wasilij Константинович, the owner of the technical office. Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian Merchants, E-mail: okipr@yandex.ru © 2004 ОБЩЕСТВО КУПЦОВ И ПРОМЫШЛЕННИКОВ. Apollo / Apollon Konstantynowicz / Константинович with wife Anna Armand
Together they take on more complex projects, and soon the company was the first military orders. Only a few years, and its mechanisms and electrical devices are mounted on Russian shipyards, battleships and to coastal artillery batteries ... in 1896 Konstantynowicz and K. Dyuflon build a new plant and establish joint-stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and company'. The firm 'Deca' in addition to the main office in St. Petersburg, which was headed by Dyuflon opens branch in Moscow (headed by Konstantynowicz / Константинович). Soon the production of 'Deca' is widely known, and representative of JSC appear in Kharkov and Yekaterinburg / Ekaterinburg, address: Main Avenue, the Izboldin house, ... industrial regions of Ukraine, Tavria, Volga and Ural. Business are growing along with demand for high quality equipment. It is planned to open offices in Kronstadt, Revel (now Tallinn), Nikolayev and Sevastopol. For the development of new products plant 'Deca' in St. Petersburg is equipped with latest imported equipment specially purchased in France, England and America, but do not stop and his own. Beginning of the twentieth century marked ... the conquest of the air disaster. There are first guided balloons - airships and fundamentally new type of technology - the airplane. While this is not transportation, but rather fun. Undertake the construction of single-aircraft enthusiasts. ... of 1910 reveals 'Aeronautic Division' in St. Petersburg to deliver a business aviation on an industrial basis. In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca' (shareholders are thinking about such promising areas as aeronautics and aviation and aircraft engines). When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province" (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010). 

The 'Duflon and Konstantinovich' Company Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8:

Evgeny / Armand Evgenii / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'; Maria Paszkowska / Paszkovski has got three sons: Eugene / Eugeniusz the 'third', Adolph / Adolf and Emilie / Emil Armand / Aрманд (Eugene born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie about 1847), Eugene / Evgeny was a merchant of the first guild and trading - manufacturing advisor;
his wife, Barbara Karlovna Demonets / De Monets or DEMONTET had 12 children
:
Anna (1866 - 1932) Konstantynowicz,
Mary (1868 - 1942),
Alexandr / Alexander (1870 - 1943) Armand - hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for the Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons', a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Vera / Wiera (1871 - 1942),
Nicholas (1872 - 1936) / Mikolaj Armand,
Vladimir (1874 - 1875),
Eugene (1876 ​​- 1920) that is Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, hereditary honorable citizen, counselor, chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons', chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',
Boris (1878 - 1920),
Sophia (1881 - 1941),
Sergei (1882 - 1945),
Barbara (1882 - 1966),
Vladimir (1885 - 1909) Armand who joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz helped finance party organizations; see: Inessa Armand and Lenin.


Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko
who represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg
1906 - 1914,

Louis F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland,

Alexander E. Armand /
Armand Alexandr, hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company',

count Sergei von Gernet son of Pavel Gernet from Estland province, Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt' / society 'Bahmutskiy salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.',

Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo',

count Albert R. de Gern / Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company.

The Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank is a creditor of the company, in affairs which were also the Nobels - Joint Stock Company 'Dyuflon, Konstantinovich and Company' (Gindin, 1997, p. 125); Swiss citizen, Louis Edward Antone (Louis Franzevich) Dyuflon opened in St. Petersburg industrial business in 1892, when he founded a factory for manufacturing electrical equipment at the Apothekary island. Since 1896, the company was owned by a trading house (then a partnership) of 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz, Diserens / Dizeren and Co'. In 1901 it was transformed into 'Dyuflon, Constantinovich and Co.' - former, electromechanical - technical facilities of the Joint Stock Company, with a registered capital of 750 thousand rubles (1500 registered and bearer shares at 500 rubles). The Society was a production partner of the Ludvig Nobel Company, including participation in its shipbuilding activities (electrical supply), as it represented the interests of Russia in France: company Sautter, Harle et Co; by 1909, the company amounted to 548,956 rubles, including the manufacture of electric motors and appliances of 327 thousand rubles, from production winders - 101 thousand rubles. On the eve of World War I, the company met with the participation in the production of electrical equipment for construction a submarine. In 1912 the plant produced its first high frequency machine for wireless telegraphy and telephony. Also made ​​of an electric pumps, fans, general-purpose motors, refrigerations. By 1913, the share capital was increased to 1.5 million rubles (1,500 shares of 500 rubles. And 7500 of 100 rubles). Assets - 4,181,995 rubles; dividend of 12% per share of 500 rubles and 3 % per share of 100 rubles. The Board consists of E. E. Armand (chairman), L. F. Dyuflon (from 1908 lived in Switzerland), A. E. Armand, S. P. Gernet, E. I. Ramsayer (a board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank) and K. F. Masson. On the eve of World War I he gave way to the director's place for L. L. Nobel, who became the representative of the interests of the family in the society. It is noteworthy that by the time E. L. Nobel became a shareholder and board member of another major company producing military products - the Company for the manufacture and sale of gunpowder, dynamite - B. I. Winner. This company will take part in the manufacture of weapons for underwater vessels. We are talking about the financial support of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank for building of ships in Revel, diesel engines, mine arms (Lessner and B. I. Winner), electrotechnic (Company Dyuflon, Constantinovich & Co.) and hydraulic (Phoenix) equipment. Noblessner as the central group of 15 individuals and legal persons owning 30 thousand shares (3 million rubles), that is: 1. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank introduced 10 thousand, 2. chairman Я. И. Утин / Y. I. Utin - 3 thousand, 3. Э. И. Рамсайер / E. I. Ramseyer (member of the Board) - 3 thousand, 4. E. L. Nobel - three thousand, 5. A. Bachmanew - 2400, and 6. others: L. L. Nobel - 1000.

Masson Ph. Charles / CHARLE Masson son of Philiberte / Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert (name Masse by Russian language) was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow).

His father probably:
Antoine Philibert Masson / Masson Antoine-Philibert, born 1806 in Auxonne and died 1860 in Paris, is a French physicist; "...he was responsible for the invention of the induction coil (with Louis Breguet) that bears Ruhmkorff's name. He realized tests telegraph transmission in ... Caen (in 1831, after a year of teaching mathematics at Montpellier, he moved to Caen, where he taught physical sciences at the College Royal until 1839; unaware of the discoveries of Joseph Henry or William Jenkins, Masson in 1834 observed independently the self-induction of a voltaic circuit; he described his investigation of this phenomenon and, ... demonstrated the tetanic effect of a series of rapidly repeated self-induced currents; ... Masson constructed some of the earliest induction coils). His research and publications cover areas as diverse as photometry, induction, the movement of fluids ... Antoine MASSON is the descendant of a family of cloth merchants from Burgundy. His father, Pierre Antoine Masson Fourth (the name of his wife) had studied pharmacy ... and will move to Dijon when the young Antoine just 6 years. ...In 1839, he was appointed professor of physics at the ... Ecole Centrale de Paris. With Breguet, it carries an electric telegraph in 1838 and in 1841, the first inductor to study electrical discharges in rarefied gases (in 1841, together with Louis Breguet, he described a high-tension induction coil of the type Ruhmkorff subsequently perfected ... in 1836 successfully defended a doctoral thesis elaborating Ampere's work in electrodynamics, Masson had returned to Paris and from 1841 taught physics at the Lycee Louis-le-Grand and at the Ecole Centrale ... until his death in 1860). Thereafter, the coil will keep the name Ruhmkorff coil... Masson ... establish the theory of wind instruments ("...between 1844 and 1854 he conducted an intensive investigation of the spark produced by electrical discharges through various media; ... with L. Courtepee and J. C. Jamin, he also examined ... the absorption of radiant heat and light by different substances ... he investigated aspects of electrical telegraphy, acoustics, the elasticity of solid bodies, and the discharge of induction coils through partial vacuums, as well as related chemical and physical problems").
... biography of MASSON family.
In 1830, Victor, cousin of Anthony, goes to PARIS ... publish several technical books and ... Victor Masson became the founder of Editions Masson...".

Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel),
 Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935, hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

Descendants of Immanuel Nobel, the younger b. 1801 and Andriette Ahlsell: Robert Nobel b. 1829, Alfred Nobel b. 1833 - the inventor of dynamite, instituted the Nobel Prizes, Emil Oskar Nobel and Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831 - is buried in the Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Descendants of Ludvig and Mina Nobel: Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 d. 1932 (Branobel's second president and being interested in the encryption business correspondence, Carl Wilhelm Hagelin and Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel were an investors of the AB Cryptograph Company, in the production cipher machines developed Arvid Damm, like a rotary machine Electrocryptograph B-1), Carl Nobel b. 1862;
and descendants of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Esther Wilhelmina Olsen-Nobel, Ludvig Alfred (Lullu) Nobel b. 1874 (Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company), Ingrid Hildegard Nobel-Ahlqvist b. 1879, Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff b. 1881, Rolf Nobel, Emil Waldemar Ludvig Nobel and last Gustaf Oscar Ludvig.

Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway,

Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki.

And others top members of the 'Duflon...':
Azbelev Peter Pavlovich, b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, a retired major-general of the Russian fleet, P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt',
Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916),
Valentin Petrovich Vologdin, 1881 - 1953, Valentin Petrovich was working as technical director of 'Duflon...',
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling, elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.

Source: 'amburger' domain:
Sergius Gernet Pavlovič, b. 12.12.1859 / 24.12.1859 in Narva, Russia; education: a Seeschool, from 15 September 1875, Guard Marin Fleet from 05 January 1879; a training from 28 January 1884, merchant navy 20 October 1886, reserve 02 December 1890 as Kptn. 2 class, occupation: 'Gov. Duflon and Konstantinovič and Co.' 1912; ownership, owner of 'Tudor' Factory in Petersburg 1897; 30 August 1880 'micman', from 01/01/1885 Lieutenant, from 02/12/1890 Cptn 2 Class,

Louis Duflon Francov. born in Villeneuve, died 1930; wife Duflon, Marie Josephine. Top member of the Duflon and Konstantinovič Comp., from Swiss, Vaud district; mathematicians and ownership of the 'Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co. Mechan. Workshop', Saint Petersburg from 1893, owner of factory 08/06/1901 (Rauber, industry).

Edward Duflon / Eduard, from Swiss; owner of Duflon, Konstantinovič & Company Mechan. Workshop 1895 in Saint Petersburg. Acc. to 'amburger' we have two different figures with last name Duflon.

Emil Ramseyer Iv., born 1863 and died 1925; from Swiss, Bern, occupation: 'Gov. Peter. Loan (Učetnyj i Ssudnyj Bank) Bank' in 1917; Chrm. of the 'Atlas Petrograd'; top member of the 'Deka' that is Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co.; top member of "Volta" and Oil N. Hartmann.

The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel, close to border on France, and area north of Lausanne and Neuchatel: La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. It is located few kilometres south of the French border. Its growth and prosperity is mainly bound up with the watch making industry. It is the most important centre of the watch making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley. Completely destroyed by a fire in 1794; from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel.

Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon and Duflon J.-F., landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Acc. to A. SAUTER, 'RELIEUR...', ed. NEUCHATEL and Geneve, 1899: Valais, ...societe evalaisanne des Sciences naturelles, Vice-President: M. Emile Burnat, a Nant-sur-Vevey, M. Wilczek from Lausanne and M. F. Duflon from Villeneuve.

Acc. to: The Electrician, October 16, 1885:
"...Copper and bronzes prepared under such conditions are much used for aerial telegraph and telephone lines... A Wheatstone bridge, a differential galvanometer, a battery of four cups, and a contact key complete the apparatus. ... And made upon a great number a specimens, were made in part by the writer at the workshop at Angouleme with the assistance of Messrs. X. Muller and J. Stahl, engineers of the establishment, and partly by M. Duflon, electrical engineer in the measuring room of M. Sciami, director of the Maison Breguet. These latter experiments were those made upon the bars themselves. ... Their conductivities compared with silver and pure copper are given in the ... table: silver...".

Emmanuel Nobel / Immanuel the younger b. 1801 died 1872, the inventor of underwater mines. In 1842 - 1859 he lived in St. Petersburg, where he founded a mechanical plant. Robert E. Nobel (1829 - 1896) was born in Sweden but his mother came to St. Petersburg and since 1850 he has worked at the factory of his father, after worked for many years in companies that founded together with his brothers: Alfred Bernhard Nobel b. 1833, founder of the Nobel Prizes - in Russia became acquainted with the works of Zinin and V. F. Petrushevskii / Pietruszewski in chemical engineering nitroglycerin. Ludvig Nobel b. 1831 died 1888, member of the Russian Technical Society, in St. Petersburg acted for 'Ludwig Nobel' / 'Russian diesel', in 1876 he founded with brothers Robert and Alfred and with his sons:
Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and
Carl:
Oil Industry Company / Branobel / Tovarichtchestvo Nephtanavo Proisvodtsva Bratiev Nobel in Baku. He moved with his mother Andriette and brothers Robert and Alfred to St Petersburg in 1842 where his father Immanuel had set up a factory. He bought his own smaller factory that he called the 'Machine-Building Factory Ludvig Nobel'. There, he made cannons, gun carriages, underwater mines and artillery missiles, machine tools, hydraulic presses. Together with Russian Major General Peter A. Bilderling and his brother, he built up a model factory in Izhevsk in the Urals. Ludvig and his son Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, visited Baku in 1876. In 1879, the 'Naftaproduktionsaktiebolaget Bröderna Nobel', shortened to Branobel, was formed in St. Petersburg.

Above Ludvig Immanuel Nobel b. 1831, was an engineer, m. 1st. time in 1858 to Mina Ahlsell and 2nd time in 1871. Ludvig ran the company with his sons Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl. His first and illegitimate child, Hjalmar Crusell, was head of a laboratory and the closest person in St Petersburg.
Most of the people in the managerial staff were Swedes, but was also a man from Norway, Hans Olsen who came to Kronstadt to work in 1880 and met Ludvig Nobel's sons, Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and Carl, in the Russian capital.

Second person Michael Belyamin, born in 1831 worked with Ludvig Nobel as an engineer with management responsibilities. In 1880 he was elected as a member of the Supervisory Board of the company to 1899. His son, Michael Belyamin jr, was a mining engineer and lived in St. Petersburg until 1919. Above named Peter Bilderling, born in 1844 was from a Courlandish noble family, was promoted to the rank of major general. He was one of the members of the Branobel administration from 1885 and one of the members of the Supervisory Board of the company until he died. Ludvig’s first child was born out of wedlock in 1856. His name was Hjalmar Crusell. Ludvig married his cousin Wilhelmina Mina Ahlsell who died in 1869. Together they had the children Emanuel, born in 1859, Carl in 1862 and Anna in 1866. Ludvig later married Edla Colin and they had seven children: Mina born in 1873, Ludvig in 1874 that is Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel (1874 - 1935) was married 1901 to Mary Minnie Johnson b. 1876, Ingrid in 1879, Marta in 1881, Rolf in 1882, Emil in 1885 and Gosta in 1886. Above Emmanuel Nobel Jr. b. 1859 in 1888 - 1917 headed the company 'Ludwig Nobel' and other enterprises and he played an important role in business organizations in Russia. In early 1918, went to Sweden.

Ludwig Nobel and then his son Emmanuel, who skillfully managed the 'Branobel' till 1920, when Bolshevik Red Army invaded in Baku and nationalized the oil industry, considered Baku (Villa Petrolea) as their second home.

All above data according to http://www.branobelhistory.com/themes/the-nobel-brothers/ludvig-nobel-enters-the-fight-for-oil/ by editor@branobelhistory.com. Under copyright with statement: 'Use of Content from this Website. The Centre for Business History in Stockholm (CBHS) provides the content on this website. The CBHS invites visitors to use its online content for personal, educational and other non-commercial purposes. By using the Branobel History Website, you accept and agree to abide by the following terms...'.

Institutionalization of interest in the structure of the authorized capital of the Noblessner as the central group was as following: from 15 individuals and legal persons owning 30 thousand shares (3 million rubles) 1. the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank - 10 thousand shares, 2. Я. И. Утин / Y. I. Utin - 3 thousand, 3. Э. И. Рамсайер / E. I. Ramseyer (a member of the Board) - 3 thousand, 4. E. L. Nobel / Э. Л. Нобель - three thousand, 5. А. А. Бачманов / A. Bachmanov - - 2400, 6. Г. И. Кольц / G. I. Kolc - 2400, 7. М. С. Плотников / M. S. Plotnikov - 1200, L. L. Nobel - 1000. The structure of the new company: Э. Л. Нобель (E. L. Nobel - director) and М. И. Шишмарев / M. I. Shishmarev - Ph. D.; from the JSC Loessner / Lessner - M. S. Plotnikov, (director) and A. Bachmanov; M. S. Plotnikov continued be a technical director and assistant direktor of the JSC G. A. Lessner; A. A. Bachmanov / Batshmanov served as a board member and managing director of the JSC G. A. Lessner. As an independent director of the Noblessner was elected nobleman A. Shaub / A. Schaub / А. В. Шауб, co-owner of two St. Petersburg industrial enterprises, acc. to: M. N. Baryshnikov, Noblessner: Formation of Financial and Industrial Group in St. Petersburg in the Early Twentieth Century, ed. 2013 - this article is devoted to the research of the formation of financial and industrial group Nobel-Lessner in St. Petersburg in the early twentieth century. It should be noted that for the Nobel interest is important activities of his brother (cousin acc. to me) - Gustav Schaub, owner of the mechanical production company in Estonia and director of the Society Volta in Revel (company, also co-operated with the Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, specialised in the production of dynamo maschines and electricity motors, and in 1917 its authorized capital amounted to 2,000,000 rubles) and Director of the Company called Karl Winkler in St. Petersburg. Society Volta supplied also the plant Noblessner in Revel / Tallinn.

Василий Васильевич Шауб / Wilhelm Schaub / Wilhelm Johann-Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub, 1861 - 1934. Vasily Schaub / Wilhelm Johann Christian, Russian architect, also being built in Moscow, Saratov, Yekaterinburg. Son of Василии Иванович Шауб (1834 in Göttingen, d. 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia) / Wilhelm Karl Albert Emil Schaub. Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony. Grandson of Johann Schaub or Ivan Schaub (b. ca 1800 ?). Wilhelm Johann Vassili Vassilyevitsh Schaub was father of Woldemar Schaub and Gustav Schaub. Brother of Amalia Marie Julie Wasmer (1862 Petersburg - 1935 Berlin, wife of Richard Julius Wasmer); Alexander Schaub (1866 - 1934, husband of Emma, father of Boris Schaub; Wera Kudrevich / Wiera Kudrewicz and Alexander Schaub junior) and Heinrich Wilhelm Schaub. All above data acc. to Karin Lindsalu Heermeyer at geni.com, his mother Julia Maria Schaub nee Zeh. Above Gustav Schaub, b. ca 1885? husband of Sophie, father of Sophie younger. Brother of Woldemar Schaub who was husband of Waleska Schaub / NN nee Walewska?

The Schaub family also from Geneve, Suisse. And Bâle / Basel, canton de Bâle-Ville. Luke (Lucas) Schaub, come from Bâle / Basel was born 1690 and died in London, 1758; received an education in Basel, his father, imperial notary; Saint-Aubin in the canton of Neuchâtel to learn the French language, after law school; Abraham Stanian, British Ambassador in Switzerland gave him various missions; also, Lord Corbham, British Ambassador in Vienna, take Schaub with him. In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy. SCHAUB, from Neuchâtel, 1868. Lina Schaub / Schwab, 1901 and was living in Bristol, England, but was born in canton de Neuchatel and married John Sidney Milton. It is believed that they died in Bern in the early 1900's; may have been living later in Canton de Friborg.
Schaub William Charles Schaub, b. ca 1812, Hessen-Kassel. His parents were Swiss: Frédéric Schaub and Marie Jeanne Oranthe, from Eptingen (Switzerland - Switzerland north, close to Basel and Olten).
Benjamin Schaub from Neuchâtel;
at present Hans-Rudolf Schaub has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of BNP (Suisse) SA, one of the four BNP Paribas Group companies. Hans-Rudolf Schaub, b. in Basel; 2001 has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of BNP (Suisse) SA, 2006 in Geneve.
Daniel Schaub of Credit Suisse Group AG.
Pierre Schaub from Suisse.
SCHAUB 1889 in the Canton of Basel, Switzerland.
SCHAUB 1862 in Freiburg / Fribourg, Switzerland.
Anna Barbara Schaub, whose parents were born in Switzerland, Barbara born 1832 in Buffalo, NY. Anna Schaub born in Wittinsburg, Baselland, relatives Jacob Schaub (b. 1680). Agnes Schaub circa 1693 from Unterschlatt, Thurgau, Switzerland. Dath in 1892 in Switzerland - Alexander Schaub. Niederhallwil, Aargau, Switzerland: SCHAUB, Jakob 1851, SCHAUB in 1877 m. Louise URECH; SCHAUB Willy 1915; 1855 on SCHAUB Jakob. Frederic SCHAUB born Mellinghen, emmigré in northern France and married Marie Louise Barbet, parents were Swiss, he was born in 1757 in the Swiss canton of Basel; married in 1784 in CALAIS parish with BARBET Marie Louise. Suzanne Jean SCHAUB lived in the canton of Vaud between 1830 and 1866. In Concise, Vaud, close to Grandson, Cortaillod, south-west of Neuchatel; north of Lausanne, ca 45 km. SCHAUB Frederick was born in 1757 in the Swiss canton, Ormalingen - south-east of Basel. Caroline SCHAUB Vienet daughter Suzanne and John SCHAUB, she died in 1894 in CONCISE. F. Vilboux - SCHAUB. Suzanne Vienet - SCHAUB of CONCISE. HENRI Vienet lived in the 1930s in the Vaud, Démoret in the canton of Vaud - ca 30 km north of Lausanne and Cully, 9 km north of Moudon. Louise Suzanne SCHAUB and James Andrews, live in Canada (Vancouver). Next of kin with Sauer family. Basel is the third largest city in Switzerland and capital of the canton of Basel-Stadt. Above named Sir Luke (Lucas) Schaub, born in Basel on 1 May 1690 and died in London.

L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne. The Schaub family (see: Tallinn Volta, Urban, and loan bank in St Petersburg with the Nobels, near by the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Stock Society in Petersburg, Zaporoze and Moscow) in the Vaud province in Switzerland in 19th cent.: 1. Concise north-west shore of Lac de Neuchatel and south-west of Neuchatel, ca 15 km north of Démoret, Vaud, Suisse (2. Démoret, Vaud, Suisse is located 12 km north of Mouden); 3. Neuchatel.
Chavornay is located ca 27 km north of Lausanne. Jules Henri Duflon b. 1859 or Henri DUFLON m. in 1888 to Céline CHOLLET. Céline CHOLLET b. 1868 in Cully, Vaud, (Cully, 9 km east of Lausanne / Lozanna) Suisse.
Key note!
Chavornay (Duflon) is 18 km west from Demoret (Schaub). L'Abbaye (Breguet) is ca 18 km west-south-west of Chavornay (Duflon).

Above Major General Peter A. von Bilderling co-operated with Alfred Nobel, Robert Nobel, I. J. Zabelsky / Zabielski, Baron Alexandre von Bilderling, Fritz Blumberg, Michel Beliamin, A. S. Sundgren and Benno Wunderlich. Baron Peter von Bilderling born in St. Petersburg in 1844 - died at Zapolie in 1900 close to Luga, was an engineer and engineering officer of the Russian Imperial Army. He is the brother of Baron Alexander von Bilderling, the general who participated in the Russo-Japanese War. From a noble family originally German - Baltic but Orthodox, his father Alexander Grigoryevich Otto Hermann von Bilderling was lieutenant general in Engineering Corps. His grandfather George Sigismund von Bilterlings in Mitau in Courland / Jelgava in Latvia. His mother was descended from a family of Polish nobility untitled, the Doliwo - Dobrowolski / Dobrowolski with coat of arms Doliwa. Died September 25, 1900 at his home in Zapolie near Luga, where he is buried, a major in 1861 after the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy with 1st class, the Guard of the Grand Duke Nicolas, He served at the Caucasus. He was married twice 1. Sofia Vladimirovna Westman and 2nd to Natalia Alexandrovna Barantzov. His descendants migrated to Cannes and Nice. In 1872 he signed an agreement with Ludvig Nobel providing machine tools. His sons Vladimir and Peter Alexander or George and Peter, daughter Baroness Natalia Petrovna Bilderling. Well-known electrical engineer Mikhail Dolivo - Dobrovolsky Osipovich was his cousin: Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski / Michael Osipovich / Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo Dobrovolsky b. 1861 / 1862, Gatchina, Russian electrical engineer of Polish descent, in a large noble family.
Michael was the oldest child.
Grandfather Florian b. 1776 came from Poland to St. Petersburg. Michal Doliwa Dobrowolski completed the Riga Polytechnic Institute, Darmstadt Higher Technical School, where opened electrical laboratory with special attention to the electrochemistry, the preparation of aluminum. Dolivo - Dobrovolsky invited to join the firm AEG (Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gesellschaft), where in 1909 he was appointed director and served in that capacity until his death, made the induction motor, a rotor with windings in the form of a squirrel cage, 1889 was built
(after Nikola Tesla -
Acc. to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikola Tesla b. 1856, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, the designer of the modern alternating current electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering, 1884 worked for Thomas Edison. His patented induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, he is known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York, the invention of radio communication, for his X-ray experiments, and for his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission - and G. Ferraris)
three-phase induction motor capacity of about 100 watts and generators; built the electrical system for the transmission of three-phase of 8500 V, the three-phase transformer, small hydro power plant with three-phase synchronous generator. Acted in St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, which opened in 1899, after 1914 moved to Switzerland. In 1918, he again went to Berlin.
And few different details: Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski, the main engineer of Berlin company AEG, for the development of a three-phase system. Invented the three-phase squirrel cage motor. Born January 2, 1862 / December 21, 1861 in Gatchina, near to St. Petersburg. Son of Joseph Dobrowolski, grandson of Florian Dobrowolski. Great-grandson of Joseph Doliwo-Dobrovolsky born about 1750 in the Mscislaw province of Poland.

DOLIWA coat of arms to the Doliwo-Dobrowolski family in the 1st half of the 19 century from Russian hands. This family lived in the Borisov district, village Малое Стахово / Maloye Stahovo, Bielaja Luza in Zodinsk / Zodino area / Жодино, Zodino / Shodino in the Minsk government; Doliwa-Dobrowolski also in Berezyna in 1864; at the beginning of the 20th century in Sienno in Vicebsk / Witebsk area - village Kokovtsino / Kokowczino / Коковчино and Papino 18 km of Bogushevsk / Богушевск. Добровольски / Dobrowolski in Chausy / Tshausy / Czausy district, the Mohilev government, Proskowia Dobrowolski daughter of Zachary Dobrowolski m. Prokopovich, born 1913 with brother Aleksander Dobrowolski or Aleksiej b. 1916.

Zachar Dobrowolski coat of arms Doliwa, lived in village Novosielki, 2 km west of Golovientsitsy (Головенчицкая волость), 14 km west-south Chausy / Czausy, south-east of Mogilev and village Smolki / Smolka / Смолка 13 km west of Novosielki.

See on the Brujewicz family!
Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail Boncz Brujewicz b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij: Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, married in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak.

Above named Michael's Dobrowolski mother Olga is a daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn. Between 1862 to 1872 Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski lived in Gatchina. 1872 to 1878 Odessa. 1878 - 1880 Department of Chemistry, Riga Polytechnical Institute, where he teaches in German, but were many Poles. 1881 to 1883 in St. Petersburg, Odessa, Novorossiysk. He has been worked at the Widder plant in St. Petersburg. 1883 Hesse in Germany. Here to 1884. Again in 1887 in Odessa. 1887 - 1903 worked for Emil Rathenau - AEG.
1903 - 1907 Lausanne.
1907 Berlin: electric motors, electric power consumption meter. According to the professors Krolikowski Lech and Zbigniew Woyndrowski, he came from a noble family Doliwa Dobrowolski, of the Mscislaw province, from the region of Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1772 in Russia, as the governorate Mogilev. Florian Dobrowolski born 1776 died in 1852, the son of Joseph Dobrowolski coat Doliwa, born about 1750; Florian's wife Maria Szaltuch, a daughter of Fyodor Szaltuch.

Florian Dobrowolski served in the Russian Army. 1822 - 1824 lives in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1799 verified nobility in Mogilev. It is then an inspector of the military field post, as well as the police chief in Mogilev on the Dnieper. 1812 - 1814 the Napoleonic Wars, 1814 siege of Paris. Florian had 9 children. The youngest son is Joseph Dobrowolski. Joseph has the son Michael Doliwo-Dobrowolski. Joseph was born in August 1824 in St. Petersburg. 1854 to 1855 the Crimean War, he served in the Russian Army in the rank of colonel. Director of the Institute for Orphans in Gatchina near Petersburg. Married to Olga Jewrejn, daughter of Mikhail Jewrejn.

In 1918

Abram Ioffe

[b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked:

B. P. Konstantynowicz,

I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov,

Lev Landau [son of David Laundau, born 1908 in Baku; his father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],

P. L. Kapitsa [Piotr = Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see:
http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504

  - and

Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see: http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s.

  The grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on

Electromechanics Department;

he remained there as a lecturer until 1921; he went to England and there he worked with Ernest Rutherford; in 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union] and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves] - see
http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html.


The foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b. 1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too.


The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sergei Pietrovich Kapitsa

b. February 14, 1928 in Cambridge, Soviet and Russian physicist, the son of the Nobel Prize Kapitza /

П. Л. Капица, grandson of A. N. Krylov / А. Н. Крылов, the Russian mathematician and shipbuilder, and the great-nephew of the famous French biochemist Henry Victor / Victor Henri, Krylov - on his mother side, Anna Alekseevna. The great-grandson of a geographer И. И. Стебницки / I. I. Stebnicki that is Ierome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki, the elder brother of А. П. Капицa / A. P. Kapitsa.

  Father - Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa - the famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, mother - Anna A. Krylov, the daughter of Alexei Krylov, Russian ship builder, an expert in the field of mechanics, mathematics. Above named Krylov, Alexey / Крылов, Алексей Николаевич / Alexei Krylov b. in August 1863, 1878 he entered the Naval Academy, he graduated with honors in 1884, worked in the Hydrographic Office of P. Kolong, study of the magnetic deviation, in 1887 Krylov moved to (since 1892 the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company in St Petersburg; before 1892 Duflon acted in the Breguet Company in Petersburg owned by the Brown family from London) the Franco - Russian plant, and then continued his studies at the shipbuilding department of the Nicholas Naval Academy. 1890 he remained at the Academy. According to the memoirs of Krylov, since 1887, his specialty was ship-building, the application of mathematics to various issues of maritime affairs and expanded the theory of William Froude, 1896 he was elected a member of the British Society of Naval Architects, proposed the gyroscopic damping roll. His daughter Anna, became the wife of Kapitza. Since 1900, Krylov cooperates with Stepan Osipovich Makarov, Admiral and scientist and shipbuilder.

Acc. to an Academician A. N. Krylov / Kriloff, 'My memories' on Stepan Karlovic Drzewiecki:
It was a talented engineer and inventor, with whom Krylov was friendly to April 1938.
He knew Drzewiecki in November 1878, at age 15, being at the Naval College (Admiral Gregory I. Butakov died in the summer of 1882, as a teacher of the fleet, with an architect I. G. Bubnov and Captain 2nd rank M. N. Beklemishev, cooperated on the project of submarine 'Dolphi').
Krylov met Drzewiecki many times in the technical society. In January 1886 was organized the first Electrical Exhibition. At this exhibition participated main hydrographic office, with the last sample of a compass 'de Kolong' and also participated a Parisian firm 'Breguet', with two instruments invented by the French Navy admiral Fournier: among others dromoskop. I. A. Shestakov and Main Hydrographic office was instructed to investigate these devices (I. P. de Kolong, Lieutenant N. M. Yakovlev and Krylov who met Drzewiecki). This work was later published in 'Sea collection'.

Krylov soon teamed up with the Petersburg department of the company 'Breguet', on dromoskop. Krylov then met with the engineer Dyuflon, a representative of 'Breguet', Swiss, friend of Drzewiecki.

Drzewiecki occupied a luxury apartment of the house No 6 Admiralty Street. In the evenings, guests of Drzewiecki were brothers
Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon and botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky and the Serbian Prince Karageorgievich,
who formerly served in the French Foreign Legion, mainly for scientific or technical topics, flying airplanes on a theory of Drzewiecki (in April 1884 he published it and the chief inspector Rear Admiral Loschinsky invited Krylov to resolve this issue). Drzewiecki acc. to his friend from Moscow, Goujon (remembering on the later system of J. Roy / Rey) and Dyuflon / Duflon, was noble, of an ancient clan of Poles, who owned large estates in the Volyn province, land in Odessa, orchard houses in Warsaw, etc. Drzewiecki had an extensive knowledge of the St. Petersburg nobility. His parents were living in Paris, where he was educated at home, at the Lycee St. Barbe, and the Central Engineering College. Among his companions was Eifel (aerodynamic research).
In 1873, Drzewiecki was at Vienna World Exhibition. When Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg, he turned to the famous Brouwer, at the Pulkovo Observatory and to the War Minister P. S. Rakovsky (construction of 50 boats, with the payment of 100.000 rubles for Drzewiecki). Drzewiecki, received one hundred thousand, and went to Italy.

Summer 1886 Drzewiecki went to Turkestan, to General Annenkov (the Trans-Caspian railway from Krasnovodsk to Samarkand with a huge bridge across the Amu Darya in Chardzhui).
The following summer, he went to Egypt, to Aswan. 1887 he calls Krylov to show a sketch of a submarine and gone to Grand Duke General Admiral Alexei Alexandrovich with this project to develop a submarine.
In 1888 Krylov was enrolled at the Shipbuilding Division of the Naval Academy, graduated it in 1890. At this time, Drzewiecki went to Paris. 1892 met with Krylov, on the development of the submarine, and together come to Paris. The Marine Technical Committee (boat steam engines, internal combustion engines, and then diesels) cooperated with Drzewiecki because he had an extensive knowledge of French naval engineers and brought Krylov into this world. In 1897 Drzewiecki invented a special type of destroyer for the Naval Ministry, and again asked Krylov to work with him in Paris. The project was adopted by the Technical Committee. In 1892 was the Dreyfus affair and Drzewiecki was not at home, back to St. Petersburg. Around 1905 Drzewiecki developed an original theory of propellers. 1909 to 1914 every time Krylov visited Drzewiecki in Paris, last time met with him 1925 to 1927, when Krylov was abroad for 'Neftesindikat' and 'Soviet oil'. Drzewiecki died in April 1938.
Above

Jerome Stebnicki / Hieronim Stebnicki born on 12 December 1832 in the province of Volyn, Polish engineer, cartographer and infantry general of the Russian Empire. He graduated in 1852, serve in the General Staff, since 1860 worked at the Caucasus and the Caspian region, left a description of triangulation Caucasus mountains, 1866 the head of the Military Division on the topographic of General Staff of the Russian Empire, 1867 head of the Caucasus Department, grandfather of Peter Kapitza. He made the first detailed maps of the Caucasus, after Joseph Chodzko, acc. to http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronim_Stebnicki.

  The Physico - Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the largest research institutes in Russia, founded by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe in September 29, 1918. Located in St. Petersburg. Director of the Radium Institute was В. И. Вернадский / V. I. Vernadskij, his deputy - V. G. Hlopin. Director of the Institute 1957 - 1967 - Б. П. Константинов / Konstantinov B. P. acc. to Russian sources, but a US research show name Konstantinovich B. P. - acc. to:
Research Database, Bibliographies & Essays, Resources, HSS Publications, Committee on Education. "An interesting attempt to compare Soviet and Western research in high-energy physics is John Irvine and Ben R. Martin, 'Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High-Energy Physics Accelerators,' Social Studies of Science, 1985, 5(2): 293-341". History of Science Society: 440 Geddes Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA, 574.631.1194, 574.631.1533 Fax, Info@hssonline.org.
After him in 1967-1987 was Tuczkiewicz / Tuchkevich.

Acc. to:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioffe_Institute we read "...Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics...". This Wikipedia page intentionally omits Konstantynowicz aka Konstantinov name in the list of scientists of the Institute. And "...Abram Ioffe was born in the Ukraine in 1880. After graduating from St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902, Ioffe went to Munich, Germany, where he worked under Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Ioffe earned his doctorate in physics in 1905. In 1906, Ioffe returned to St. Petersburg where he worked in the Polytechnical Institute. ... Several times he demonstrated his loyalty to Russia by turning down offers of academic positions in Munich and later, in Berkeley, California. He briefly left Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1918, but he soon returned and helped build up the Physico-Technical Institute. He traveled to Western Europe in 1921, collecting books, journals, and equipment for the institute. He served as director of the Physico-Technical Institute from 1923 to 1953. ... Igor V. Kurchatov, who was later put in charge of the project to build the Soviet atomic bomb, studied at Ioffe's institute during the 1930s, and Ioffe recommended Kurchatov for the position to head the nuclear project". Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Above Владимир Вернадский / Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky b. 1863, St. Petersburg and died on January 6, 1945 in Moscow. His father, Ivan, according to family legend, was a descendant of Cossacks. Before moving to St. Petersburg, he was Professor of Economics in Kiev. In St. Petersburg, he served as a privy councilor. His mother, Anna Petrovna nee Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich, was a Polish noblewoman. Vladimir Vernadsky was a cousin of the Russian writer Vladimir Korolenko. Above named Konstantinov, Boris Pavlovich or Borys Konstantinovich / Borys Konstantynowicz son of Pawel Konstantynowicz, b. 1910 in St. Petersburg. Soviet physicist and Vice - President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Father Paul Fedoseevich Konstantinov / or Pavel Konstantinovich b. 1874, 1888 went to St. Petersburg, mother - Agrippina Petrovna Konstantinov b. 1876 nee Smirnov, gave birth to eight sons and four daughters; Boris in 1916 was sent to a private elementary school, where he studied until the end of 1917; In early 1918 the family moved to the home of parents in the village. In 1919 his father died. In the winter 1920 - 1921 he lived and studied in St. Petersburg. Autumn of 1924 the family moved to Leningrad. At this time, at the Physico-Technical Institute worked older brother of Boris -

Alexander Pavlovich Konstantinov (1895 - 1945, repressioned, was posthumously rehabilitated) or maybe Aleksander Konstantynowicz, who became one of the largest radio technicians, radiophysicist and create a variety of radio-electronic equipment (with Bonch - Bruevich) and contributed to the development of television - suggested a way to narrow band television signals, has developed a mosaic photocathodes for the television camera tubes of the 1930s television transmission. He was a member of the laboratory of L. S. Theremin / Л. С. Термен: an alarm systems of banks and museums. A. Konstantinov was an electrician in this protective system - 1909. In 1924 he created the radio-electronic equipment to determine the difference in longitude of Greenwich and Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, in 1928 to 1930 with his brother has developed radio - protective signaling processes of government vaults. They invented electric seismographs have been used successfully for mineral exploration.
He studied at the Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute 1926 - 1929 and was expelled from this Polytechnic after fourth years for
the non-proletarian origin,
but was able to continue working in science through the application of Ioffe. He worked as a laboratory assistant, senior laboratory assistant at the Physical - Technical Institute, 1935 - 1937 in the department of electro - acoustics of the Leningrad Institute, (in 1937 Konstantinov Aleksandr Pavlovich was wrongly arrested and died in the dungeons of the NKVD) but 1937 - 1940 he headed a laboratory of the Research Institute of the music industry and acoustics for the needs of defense - but we need check this data.

His brother Boris Pavlovich Konstantinovich or Konstantinov was born in St. Petersburg in 1910, acc. to his autobiography, written an excellent literary language. In 1924 Konstantinov moved to Leningrad, because at the State Physical - Technical Institute of the X-ray worked his older brother, Alexander P. Konstantinov. Since 1927 he started working at the laboratory of D. A. Rozhanski as a physicist and was student of Physics and Mechanics Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute.

A few details on Boris Konstantinov / Konstantinovich:
Konstantinov Boris Pavlovich or Konstantinovich B. P. born on 23 June / 6 July 1910 in St. Petersburg and died July 1969. In 1927-35 and since 1940 has worked in the Physical - Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957-67 director, in 1937-40 at the Research Institute of the music industry (like his brother?!). "In the 90's of last century, was opened part of the work on the nuclear problem, and as a result over the past half ten years, there are many books and publications devoted to the development of research on the nuclear problem in the USSR and Russia... There was a series of films about the secret physicists ... I. V. Kurchatov, Y. B. Chariton, Ya. Zel'dovich, A. D. Sakharov, I. E. Tamm, V. L. Ginzburg and others in the work on the atomic problem, but the role of B. P. Konstantinov reflected very sparingly. This is despite the fact that over the carried out his work, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, was elected to the Academy and became director Physico - Technical Institute, vice - president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, it is named after him the Institute of Nuclear Physics Gatchina and the largest chemical plant in Kirov...".
"...B. P. Konstantinov is one of the founders of the school of nuclear physicists. In 1945, the Physics and Mechanics Department opened the country's first training in the Department of Nuclear Physics (Department of Technical Physics). The first head of the department was A. F. Ioffe, but after 2 years it was headed by B. P. Konstantinov, who since 1945 has combined his academic work at PTI with teaching at the LPI...".
"The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) is one of four nuclear physics centers within the National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' / NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'. PNPI bears the name of Academician B. P. Konstantinov ... Director of the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Academy of Sciences...".

At the beginning in accordance with the Decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1942 which was composed of the Commissariat of Communications was formed Military restorative management for all military telephones and telegraphs and broadcasting units, radio and postal enterprises on the territory liberated from the German. B. P. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz Borys / Konstantinov was working for this management (at the Petersburg Nuclear Institut as Head of Laboratory 1943 - 1957, for the Federal Agency for Special Construction / Spetsstroy Russia). 1951 established the Office building number 565 as a part of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - successor of the General Directorate of Special Construction. In 1953 in Leningrad was organized management for the construction of the air defense system. "Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy Russia) - the federal executive body for the promotion of national defense and security organization works in the field of special construction, road building and communication engineering by military units and road-building military units of the Federal Agency for Special Construction".

References, acc. to 'Russian & Soviet Science and Technology' by Loren R. Graham, History of Science Society Newsletter, Volume 18 No. 4 (Supplement 1989):
"...An interesting article on the growth of scientific personnel in the USSR, portraying the Soviet overtaking of the United States in the number of research workers, is Louvan Nolting and Murray Feshbach's, 'R and D Employment in the USSR', 'Science', 01 Feb. 1980, 207:493-503. Nolting has also published a series of reports (Foreign Economic Reports, Department of Commerce) on the structure and organization of Soviet science and technology. A recent and valuable analysis of the political role of Soviet science by Stephen Fortescue is 'The Communist Party and Soviet Science' (London: Macmillan, 1987). ... Peter Kneen's 'Soviet Scientists and the State' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1984). Works written by emigres who previously worked in the Soviet science establishment provide special insights; these include Mark Azbel, Refusenik: 'Trapped in the Soviet Union' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981); Mark Popovsky, 'Manipulated Science' (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979); and Vladimir Kresin, 'Soviet Science in Practice: An Insider's View,' in 'The Soviet Union Today', edited by James Cracraft (Chicago: 'Bulletin of Atomic Scientists', 1983). Three works treating Soviet industrial research from economic and political standpoints are Joseph Berliner, The Innovation Decision in Soviet Industry (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1976); Erik Hoffmann and Robbin Laird, Technocratic Socialism: 'The Soviet Union in the Advanced Industrial Era' (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 1985); and Raymond Hutchings, 'Soviet Science: Technology and Design Interaction and Convergence' (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1976). A topic of particular interest to American scholars who may wish to do research in the Soviet Union, no matter what the field, is the history of scholarly exchanges between the United States and the USSR. The most thoughtful analysis of the subject is by Linda Lubrano, 'National and International Politics in USA-USSR Scientific Cooperation,' Social Studies of Science 1981, 11:451-480. Also see Review of USA-USSR Interacademy Exchanges and Relations, Report of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington, D.C., 1977); and Yale Richmond, U.S. - Soviet Cultural Ex - changes 1958-1986: Who Wins? (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1987). ... Loren Graham, Program on Science, Technology and Society, Room E51-128, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. Russian-language films on the history of Russian and Soviet science can be purchased from Alexandre K. Surikov, President, All-Union Corporation 'Sovinfilm,' 20 Skatertny Per., Moscow 121069, USSR". This above data © 1989 by the History of Science Society, All rights reserved.

Acc. to http://www.fofweb.com/History/ and Carlisle, Rodney P. 'Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich.' - Encyclopedia of the Atomic Age. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2001.

Piotr Leonidovich Kapitsa - physicist, a researcher at low temperature physics.

Abram Fedorovich Joffe - physicist, moved to Munich, where he took a internship with Wilhelm Rontgen, he returned to St. Petersburg, was involved in nuclear physics and in the development of lasers.
Adam Gernet born on 7 August 1878 in Kiwidepah, Roethel, Laanermaa (Haapsalu), Estonia. An Adam von Gernet was involved in the study of magnetism; an infantry regiment in Dunaburg, escape across the German lines in March 1918, by John Hiden.

1912 

blimp1912

 Only five of airships had been built in Russia before 1914 and we exactly constructed (the fifth in order) to Russian Army in the plant of DEKA an airship named "Kobchik" type "Blimp" by S. A. Nemchenko as early as 1912 (with two engines 45 hp, and length 48 m; speed 50 km/h according to "Taschenbuch der Luftflotten", 1st Issue 1914, Vol. 1 "Airships" by F. Rasch and W. Hormel, published in Germany, worked out by Thomas Heinz  http://www.internetelite.ru/aircrafts/airships.html; the picture from: http://info.dolgopa.org).

Airship i.e. an "aircraft  that consists of a cigar-shaped gas bag, or envelope, filled with a lighter-than-air gas to provide lift, a propulsion system, a  steering mechanism, and a gondola accommodating passengers, crew, and cargo. (...) NON-RIGID airships, now commonly  known as blimps, are the most common type in use. The non-rigid airship has no frame and the envelope holds its shape due to  the pressurized lifting gas inside." The DEKA company owned an infrastructure for airships i.e. a  hangar, workshops and warehouses in St Petersburg before the First world war. War,  revolution and civil war interrupted further development until 1920, when the Soviets built their first small blimp. 

June, 1912: Vote of 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home); November, 1912: Military trials results: 1. Sikorsky in a "Sikorsky";  2. HABER in a "M. Farman"; 3. Boutmy (BUTMI) in a "Nieuport".  December, 1912: Aeronautical school re-organised; 15 pupils  per school at a time - course made seven months. A one month course in aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 to be  selected for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Tashkent  in TURKESTAN. Only in Army Aviation in March, 1913: new schools established at Moscow, Odessa and OMSK. At the end of 1913: the number of actual military pilots was 72. There was a  special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators; total to 108 in Russia. In Navy Aviation: July, 1912 - Lieut. ANDREADI, did a  flight from Sevastopol to Petersburg.

About above S. A. Nemchenko.
In the spring of 1906 the Wright brothers offered to the Russian Minister of War a flying machine created by them. Russian military department did not respond to the letter, however, in 1908 sent to France, where the Wright brothers opened Aircraft Company 'Ariel', two officers of the Training Aeronautic Park: - N. I. Uteshev and S. A. Nemchenko. Russian officers have studied the American airplane and have made test flights as passengers and wrote a negative review. According to them, the airplane Flyer-III for military purposes was no good. Should pay attention to the achievements of other designers, especially the French. On August 24, 1908 a Petersburg newspaper 'New time' informed on the Chief Engineer's Office organized in autumn 1909 international competition of airplanes with award of 50 thousand rubles but a place of the aerodrome was also not selected.

1912 
In 1912 JSC 'Deca' is participating in the tender for the construction of airships for the military departments of Russia. The airship was constructed in full conformity with technical specifications and tested in 1913. The experiment was considered successful and commercially viable, and in the same year was founded a specialized aviation workshop as a structural part of the company 'Deca'.

1914 

1912 -  1913 
In April 1913 DECA has entered into a cooperation agreement with the French radio company 'Societe francaise Radio-Electrique' (SFR) and became a branch of it in Russia.

'Radiolectric French Company' was one of the first radiotelegraphic companies, founded by Émile Girardeau in 1910

and it supported the production of the Radiola - radio receivers. 'Dyuflon and Konstantinowicz' has entered into a cooperation with 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris and also with a factory 'Gabriel and Anzeno' (Paul Lemonnier engineer, bacame a partner in the business of Sautter, at 26 Avenue Suffren in Paris 1867. Beginning in the 1860s Sautter started the study of the use of electricity. In 1869, Henri Harle who had married into the Dolfuss family, started as an engineer. In 1890 Henri Harle became a full partner in the firm, which was now known as Sautter Harle.

The company 'Societe Sautter, Harle et Cie' was founded in 1825 in Paris as a mechanical engineering company. 1907 began production of automobiles as the 'Sautter Harle'. 1908 the company was renamed in 'Harle et Cie'. 1912 ended production of cars. Three companies have manufactured lights on the coasts in France: F. Barbier et Fenestre, Sautter-Harle / Sautter et Lemonier and Lepaute, by 'planete-tp.com'. "In order to eliminate the jerks in release, Augustin Fresnel modified the blade regulator around 1826 with the aid of the clockmaker Lepaute, by incorporating a ball regulator". Acc. to: 'en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_submarine_Gymnote_(Q1)', "The Gymnote was one of the world's first all-electric submarines. Launched on 24 September 1888 ... by Gustave Zede ... and Arthur Krebs, who completed the project. For the Gymnote, Arthur Krebs developed the electric engine ... The motor proved so problematic that it was replaced with a smaller but more powerful Sautter-Harle motor". In Tallinn the construction of the rear lighthouse was planned already in 1832. The new lighthouse acquired a Fresnel device purchased from Sautter Harle & Co in Paris.

In late 1915, the company name was changed to the 'Anciens Etablissements Sautter-Harle'. The Company produced electrical equipment: searchlight / floodlight, generators, compressors and diesel engines. The Sautter Harlé at present has name the Alsthom Company
).

They were working for Sautter - Harle / SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852:
Eugene Dejonc,
Émile Girardeau, born 1882, a French engineer, founder of the General Society of wireless telegraphy; 1910 he founded the radio - electric French Society SFR, in the field of radio - electricity and military telegraphy; 1915 he was assigned to education, in radio - electricity, flying officers.
Camille Charles Augustin Claudeville, b. 1868, adviser naval armament for Europe and South America, and co-operated with SAUTTER HARLE, founded in 1852, making lenticular lights, electric motors, turbo-generators and projectors.
Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. After the death of Mary, Jean REY married another descendant of SAUTTER born VAN MUYDEN. Jean REY was the uncle of another Jean Rey b. 1902-1983, Belgian (member of the EEC Commission from 1958 to 1967 and President of the Commission from 1967 to 1970), acc. to: Christian LEVI ALVARES. Jean-Alexandre REY, the School of Mines as a foreign student 1883; 1885 he obtained French nationality as a descendant of French parents refugees in Switzerland because of religion; he received the degree 1 ranked 1886; led factories Sautter - Harle and for thirty years directing the technical work of the house Sautter - Harle (turbo - machinery); 1904 studied steam turbines; 1906 gas turbines; at thirty - five he was chief engineer of the Sautter - Harle Company; finally president of the trade association of electrical engineering, President of the French Society of Electricians - 1921. In 1901 he build an internal combustion engine generators for submarines. From 1888, he became interested in steam turbines and turbo - electric machines.

You remember that Louis François Clément Breguet / Louis Francois Clement Breguet was born on 22 December 1804 in Paris, work in the early days of telegraphy, educated in Switzerland; in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the Breguet company to Edward Brown; collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels, Professor Thomas Engel and Alexander Graham Bell; he had one son Antoine b. 1851.

The Swiss Canton of Vaud was the area where the French-speaking family settled (Diserens or Dizeren). Among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. All on east of Lutry and east of Lausanne / Lozano. Moreover, a settlements such as Corsier sur Vevey, L'Abbaye and Grandvaux. L'Abbaye, is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, town from where the Breguet family (Antoine b. 1851) came to Paris; around 30 km north - west of Lausanne. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.
Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; the Duflon family gone from Lutry of 1852 and Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 was living Louis Duflon; Duflon J.-F. was a landlord in Bouligneux in France west of Geneve. François / Françoise Duflon from Riex (Lavaux) and Villeneuve, was born in 1831 in La Tour-de-Peilz, where his father was a teacher. He attended the College of Vevey, where he was a professor; 1876 Lausanne, 1906 d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km.

Michail Dobrowolski lived 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne.

In the spring of 1914 L. Bakst moved to Montreux in Switzerland. Sophia Klyachko came to stay with her brother and taking along all family.

Clarens is part of Montreux in Suisse, where the Duflon family was living. Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow, was here with her son, Evgenii Konstantinovich, probably since spring of 1914. She acted with Lenin (on 5 September 1914 Lenin moved to neutral Switzerland, residing first at Bern, then at Zürich; on 31 March 1917 "Fritz Platten obtained permission from the German Foreign Minister through his ambassador in Switzerland, Baron Gisbert von Romberg, for Lenin and other Russian exiles to travel through Germany to Russia in a sealed one-carriage train"; from Zurich, Gottmadingen, Singen, Frankfurt and Berlin to Sassnitz, Trelleborg, in Sweden to Stockholm, at the Finland Station in Petrograd) and Inessa Armand, her friend. Anna Konstantynowicz back to Petersburg (Piotrogrod) with Lenin, Krupska and Inessa Armand in April 1917.

Sophia Klyachko met in Montreux (Clarens?) Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz son of Apollon Konstantynowicz from Moscow. 1914 all relocated to Geneve to Diaghilev; the company after (1914 / 1915 to 1920) moved to Lausanne, but Bakst removed to Paris, soon. The Klyachko family in spring of 1920 came to Paris; in Meudon is now a museum of Bakst.

The Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel, close to border on France, and from St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, and Tavannes north of Neuchatel.

Adolphe Jean Édouard WIDMER, CEO of the Society of Electrical Constructions Breguet - Sautter - Harle, married in 1930 to Jacqueline HARLÉ Lucy b. 1905, parents Frederick Augustus 'Henri' HARLÉ 1875-1961 and Jeanny Alice Lily KAMPMANN b. 1881.

Note at margin:
Jean Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter who was founder of the LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co.
Ambroise Samuel Joseph Rodolphe REY / Rodolphe REY, born 1866 in GENEVE, Suisse acc. to: http://gw.geneanet.org/garric?lang=en&p=rodolphe&n=rey, his parents: William REY 1821 - 1888 Professeur and Clothilde BOUVIER 1828 - 1911; Rodolphe REY married in 1892 in GENEVE to Françoise Jeanne Gabrielle BOUVIER b. 1866 from Ami Auguste Oscar BOUVIER and Louise Julie Marguerite MONOD b. 1832; siblings: Barthélémy REY, banquier b. 1858, m. 1888 in PARIS to Lucie MATTER; Jean REY, Ingénieur des Mines b. 1861, m. 1893 PARIS to Marie SAUTTER 1870 - 1895 and married in 1897 in LAUSANNE to Emma VAN MUYDEN b. 1870.
Father of above Jean Rey: William REY, Professeur b. 1821 in GENEVE, d. 1888 in CLARENS in Suisse, married 1856 in CÉLIGNY to Clothilde BOUVIER.
CLARENS - east from Lausanne, close to Montreux, Blonay and Vevey and 15 km east of Cully, 20 km east of Lutry. Clarens is a village in the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. 1888 family Rey lived here and also: Igor Stravinsky 1878, Tchaikovsky, Paul Kruger, anarchist Élisée Reclus, the Duflon family and Nabokov.
Élisée Reclus b. 1830, known as Jacques Élisée Reclus, was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist; in January 1872 banishment from France. After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours. In 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement / International Association, of which "Reclus and Peter Kropotkin were the two chief organizers. Kropotkin was arrested and condemned to five years' imprisonment, but Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland. In 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the University of Brussels", acc. to Wikipedia.

CÉLIGNY - on way from Geneve to Lausanne.
More inf. see: Christian LEVI ALVARES (Quatre siecles d'ascendance protestante: les 512 quartiers de Micheline Bruneton, ed. Jerusalem: AHVA, 1981).

! Here is some key information to the genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family:

Very strange is the origin of one of the Soviet intelligence boss, from whose started the Great Purge of 1937. Mixture of Estonia, Switzerland, Latvia and France. Pilsudski had lost Lenin, after five years of chaos in Russia, so the only way to overcome Soviet Russia of Stalin was takeover of special services, including military intelligence. Succeeded in, but in 1937, Stalin responded by and prevailed. Poles in the Soviet Union since 1937 been the main enemy!
So... Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov / Арту́р Христиа́нович Фра́учи / Frauchi / Артур Христианович Артузов Фраучи, b. 1891, Tver region, died 1937, Moscow; headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service INO (OGPU, NKVD) from August 1931 to May 1935.

Romuald Ludwig von Pilhau / Roman Aleksandrovich Pilar / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Pilar von Pilhau Romuald / Пилар фон Пильхау Ромуальд Людвиг, b. 1894 - died 1937, from Estonia but Pole acc. to sources; deputy of Artuzov Frautchi / Fraucci - Artuzow 1921 to ?; 1920 special plenipotentiary of the Cheka, then on underground work in the Verkhovna Silesia in Germany, and since 1921 again in Soviet Russia, 1925 - 1930 Chairman GPU Belarus, since 1932 the OGPU envoy for Central Asia, since 1934 head of the NKVD in Central Asia, December 1934 Head of the NKVD in Saratov; 1937 shot.
Note: Pilar von Pilchau / Пиллар фон Пильхау, the first the Narva commendant Wenzel Pilar von Pilchau (1606–1675); lived in Livland / Liivimaa and Estonia; Pilar von Pilchau were owners of Vaida / Wait, Oru / Orrenhof, Meremoisa / Merremois, Raasiku / Rasik, Kääsla / Käsal, Lehtse / Lechts, Karjaküla / Karjaküll close to Saue and Saku, Vardi, Valgu, Palivere south-west of Lehola / Palvere / Pallfer and Halinga / Hallick, Uulu, Lelle, Alt-Salis, Audru / Audern, Arrohof, Haeska / Hasik close to Haapsalu (see Dunkel). One from them: Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841–1918, Haapsalu 1878. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851 d. 1925, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870; 1881 he rented Sauga in Pärnu County, Estonia; Pernau city councillor in 1879, the Livonian Noble Corporation, 1908 to 1918 von Pilchau the land marshal of Livonia, returned to independent Estonia in 1923 in Pärnu where he died.
Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough.
Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia.

Pilar von Pilchau owners of: Vaida is a small borough in Rae Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. It's located about 21 km southeast of Tallinn. Orrenhof, south of Parnu, is a place with a very small population in the region of Parnumaa, Estonia. Merremois / Meremoisa - 10 km north-west of Karjakula, and 15 km from Keila. Raasiku, south-east of Tallinn, 23 km. Rasik to von Sivers in 1843. Palifer - Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau (1761-1819), was owner of Palifer, Orks, Pall, Käsal. Orks = Polumyza Orks, Laanemaa, south of Haeska. Kütke (Kütke) close to Märjamaa, south of Saku. Lechts, outh-west of Rakvere. Schloss Felks owner Baron de Maydell. Karjaküll - Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Karjaküll, Karjaküla is a small borough in Keila Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. Eivere / Eivere Manor, Eyefer, Paide Parish in Järva County; Eivere is a village in Paide Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. Jogisoo / Jöggis, close to Kullamaa, east of Haapsalu. Kullamaa, Kulina Manor, Viru-Jaagupi Parish, 13 km south-east of Rakvere. Kullina - Bernhard Johann von Buddenbrock. Kirna close to Järva. Vana-Nursi or Vastse-Nursi Nurtu / Alt-Nurms, south of Saku. Ravila, Meks or Mecks, south-east of Tallinn. Palvere / Pallifer, south-east of Tallinn, close to Ravila. Arrohof (Livl.).
Figures: Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, b. in Hördel, died 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County; his son Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau (1887 - d.) - born in Saaremaa. Next son Karl (Charly) Alexander Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1871 Haapsalu / Hapsal); daughter Katharina Pauline Julie Pilar von Pilchau 1872 - 1909, her husband Viktor Konstantin Nikolai Brzezinski.

Genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Пилляр Роман Александрович / Роман Людвиг Пилар фон Пильхау / Ромуальдас-Людвикас Адольфович Пилляр фон Пильхау. Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau / Roman Pilljar / Romuald Pilar von Pilchau / Romuald Ludwig von Pilar Pilchau, born 1894 in Mickuny close to Wilno / Vilnius. 1905 to September 1910 - Vilnius secondary school, followed by Zurich in real school (1910 - 1911), where he graduated in 1911. In September of the same year, he continued study in Kuressaare Gymnasium. When German troops occupied the Saaremaa, Pilar von Pilchau evacuated to the Yaroslavl Province. The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland 1910 to 1911. "Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed". All above according to Alwida A. Bajor. And different details: Roman was in Аренсбург / Arensburg / Kuressaare from September 1911 to 1918, or 1911 to 1915. Romuald Roman baron Pilar Pilchau, Sept. 1905 in Wilno, Zurich, next to Аренсбург / Arensburg in the Лифляндская губерния / Livland government, Даниловo / Danilovo in the Jaroslav government.
Some details of the genealogy of Romuald Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau or Roman Pilar von Pilchau:
History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: Schilling von Cannstatt / Schilling von Canstatt /  Schilling von Canstadt, von  Pillar-Pilchau, Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757. Recorded in service 1780, above Yegor Maksimovic exactly one year later was promoted to sergeant. Received his primary education at home, with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to Narva Infantry Regiment; next to the Vyborg Infantry Regiment; Yegor Maksimovic Pilar participated in a battle with the Swedes under Nyslott; 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar: Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?), Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871 (that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia, father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army) in Wilno; his son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska (from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806), she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.
See: Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918). Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1851 - 1925, b. in Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland.

Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin:
Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein; фон Людер / Luder d. 1857; Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779; Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Bekiu; 1798 m. to Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан; Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838; фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779; фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919; фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.
The family history of the Konstantynowiczs in Tsarist Russia, in Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Riga / Ryga, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Vana-Karjaküla or Alt-Hohenhof, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. With others families: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze, Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan.
Above Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla / Alt-Hohenhof, is an aristocratic mansion in northern Estonia in the Harju county. This manor changed their owners very often: Glenn (von Glehn), von Gernet (von Gernet), Pilchau / Pilar von Pilchau, Koskyuly (von Kosküll), von Krause (von Kraus / Krauze), von Hueck, von Kluge / von Klugen.

Some inf. on the Pilchau family:

Karl Gustav Pilar von Pilchau 1751 - 1802 born in Wait (Vaida), Rae vald, Harjumaa, Estland and died 1802 in Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, Estland. His wife Johanna Christine Charlotte Pilar von Pilchau nee von Patkul 1751 - 1828; above Weissenstein (Paide), Järvamaa, ca 75 km south-east of Saku.

Gustav-Adolf Pilar von Pilchau 1841 - 1918, in 1878 in Haapsalu;

Rudolf von Gernet (1826 - 1912), in Haapsalu was chief of the Yacht Club. Hedwig Elisabeth von Gernet (nee von Patkul; her mother Juliane Charlotte von Wrangell, and her father Jakob Johann von Patkul) b. 1792 - 1867 with her son Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 - 1912.

Catherine Elisabeth von Gernet (1829 - 1896).
Above Vaida: 1708 Hans Heinrich Tiesenhausen, 1718 Georg Pilar von Pilchau, 1760 Jakob Heinrich Lilienfeld, 1789 der Howen, von der Pahlen, Ungern-Sternberg, 1894 Woldemar Rosen, 1901 Paul Ungern-Sternberg. Above Vana-Karjaküla: 1726 Nikolai Golovin, 1732 Abram Hannibal, 1743 Johann Mrakisch, 1747 Catharina Elisabeth Glehn, Maydell, 1756 Karl Gottlieb Gernet, 1771 Marie Juliane Pilar von Pilchau, 1776 Friedrich Wilhelm Uexküll-Güldenband, Zange, Koskull, 1817 Rosenmüller, 1818 Johann Martin Krause / Krauze, Klugen, Hueck. Vardi: 1689 Hans Heinrich Rehbinder, 1716 Karl Friedrich Mengden, Bellingshausen, Otto Heinrich Rehbinder, 1731 Schwengelm, Schönberg, Klugen, Kotzebue, 1844 Gottlieb Rosen, 1855 Georg Pilar von Pilchau.
Georg Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1819 - 1882, born in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County, Estonia. Georg Ludwig Pilar von Pilchau / Егор Максимович Пиллар, b. 19 March 1767 d. 1830, landlord of Kirna and Reopalu and he was married to Johann Agneta Hessega (1779-1847) and were born: Alexander von Pilar Pilchau (1804-1866), a Russian soldier, Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau (1808-1817), Helene von Pilar Pilchau (1811-1855), Nicholas Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1815-1887), the landlord of Kirna, Georg Jakob von Pilar Pilchau (1819-1882), the landlord of Vardi. Above Reopalu located north of Viljandi. Kirna close to Reopalu.
Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1757 in Халлик, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780.

Acc. to http://www.x-libri.ru/elib/ and militera.lib.ru / Hoaxer (hoaxer@mail.ru) we can read book by Arsen Martirosyan Benikovich, born 1950, Moscow, writer, the author of many books, in the past KGB officer: 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union', 'June 22. True Generalissimo', 'Tragedy June 22...', 'Who brought the war in the Soviet Union?'. Now 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union':
"...At the ...labyrinth of extremely complex ...of the personal and political intrigues and conflicts ... we get the following picture. Due to the personal ambitions of the last German Kaiser Wilhelm II, ... during the First World War, ...secret diplomacy, ... 'Germane-norden' and 'Balticum'... and they were extremely influential in Germany, and in Russia, representatives of the ancient aristocratic families of the number pro-German Ostsee (Baltic) Barons played a crucial role in large-scale ... after February and October intrigues in Russia, ... to the head of the Russian military counterintelligence Gen. M. Bonch-Bruevich (brother of Lenin's closest aide) ... Lenin will be forced to take post by old German agent General Parsky... At the top of the 'Balticum' particularly influential position occupied high-born aristocrats, Baltic barons von Pilhau Pillar, which were part-kin of the all-powerful head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky.
The wife of one of the leaders of society (Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau or Stanislaw Pilchau Pilar?? We know about Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau / Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau born in 1841 and died on January 11, 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia; his wife Aline Annette von Essen (was born 1847); his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau (1803 - 1862); grandfather Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau (1777 - 1847), great-grandfather Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau (1734 - 1801), from Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1709 - 1752). And you can look on Adolf Pilar von Pilchau - he married in Petersburg on 11 December 1884 to Julie Olga Eugenie Jenny von der Pahlen b. 1865 daughter of governor Magnus Konstantin Ferdinand von der Pahlen (1830 - 1912); their four children: Adolf Konstantin Theodor von Pilar Pilchau (1885-1958) from Sauga, Pärnumaa, Estland, Olga von Pilar Pilchau, Friedrich von Pilar Pilchau (1888-1914) and Andreas von Pilar Pilchau. In 1891 they moved to more spacious Manor, 1906 they were relocated to Riga; family lived in Tartu, Berlin, Emkendorffis, Tallinn and Pärnu. Above Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau (1851 - 1925) has father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, 1814 - 1870, from Audern (Audru), Pärnumaa, Estland, with wife Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau nee von Ungern-Sternberg born 1826) Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau - Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar Pilhau was the sister of the mother of the 'Iron' Felix - Helena Ignatievna. Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau maid of honor to the last Russian Empress and enjoyed great influence in St. Petersburg... Son (grandson!, acc. to different source) of Sophia Ignatievna, ie cousin of the Dzerzhinsky - Roman Adolfovich / Romualdas Liudvikas Adolfovich Pillar Pilhau was one of the prominent of the initial period of the Cheka - the Deputy Chief of counterintelligence Cheka, deputy chairman of Belarus GPU, then People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Belarus, then worked at senior positions in the Central Asia in 1937, as chief of the NKVD in the Saratov region, was arrested and executed (pay attention to his last post - in the Saratov region was larger numbers of Germans, there was even a Republic of the Volga Germans...). ... R. Pillar Pilhau was one of closest personal friends and relatives to the known leaders of the security organs Artuzov ... the number of the Baltic barons, such, for example, as Andronnikov Prince, ...he was descended from an ancient family of Baltic baron Ungern - Sternberg, paternal side - Georgian prince. Andronnikov lived for many years in Germany, where he studied and was well received in the highest aristocratic circles of Germany. Was presented to Kaiser... very close to the royal court, but also took an active part in many intrigues against the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II, including, in particular, in the murder of Rasputin ... Baron Osten Hohen / Hohen Austen. Baron in 1916 illegally arrived in Russia for organizing a pro-German 'palace coup' ... Baron Osten Hohen / Hohen Austen only a decade later, climbed to the Soviet military intelligence in 1927, and then, apparently, into it's network of agents... The head of the same 'Balticum' in Berlin was personal aide Kaiser General Count Rüdiger von der Goltz, in whose hands were concentrated most secret strands ties with Russia. And ... a secret contact with representatives of 'Balticum' in Switzerland and then in Germany, ... Dzerzhinsky in this sense was just perfect figure - enough that the head of the Cheka, and still enjoyed with Lenin himself. Despite his opposition to the Brest-Litovsk treaty... Avanessov / Avanesova same - Secretary of the Sverdlov - ... Avanessov knew Switzerland, where he graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich in 1913, and where to communicate with the Germans. ... ambassador in Bern Baron Gisbert Romberg, his personal agent - Robert Grimm, is editor of top organ of the Swiss Socialist Internationalists magazine 'Berner Tagwacht', with longtime German agent (and Japanese intelligence agent), Alexander E. Keskyula / Keskyulya, also known under the pseudonym Alexander Stein ... German intelligence officer under diplomatic cover Baron Gisbert von Romberg made contact with Lenin in Switzerland in September 1914. Keskyula Stein also personally contributed to German intelligence in maintaining personal contacts with Lenin and his entourage during their stay in Switzerland ... Without these contacts Dzerzhinsky would never able to go to Germany, which was the main purpose of his secret voyage ... Alexander (Israel) Lazarevic Gelfand, better known under the pseudonym of Parvus (in the circles of "revolutionary" bandits had the nickname "elephant head of Socrates") ... Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorf von der Rose (real name Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer) personality well known for historical literature...".

At the top of the 'Balticum' particularly influential position occupied high-born aristocrats, Baltic barons von Pilhau Pillar, which were part-kin of the all-powerful head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky. The wife of one of the leaders of society Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau - Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar Pilhau (Adolf von Pillar-Pilhau or Stanislaw Pilchau Pilar??) was the sister of the mother of the 'Iron' Felix - Helena Ignatievna. Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau maid of honor to the last Russian Empress and enjoyed great influence in St. Petersburg. Zofija Pilar von Pilchau / Sophia Ignatyevna Pillar - Pilhau died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896. Father of Roman Pilar, died Oct. 12, 1939. Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska (from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806), she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937. The Pilars then were not wealthy, but still Helena Pilar sent Roman Pilchau Pilar to study in Switzerland. Nothing helped. He came back. Then he went in the other direction, to Russia, to Petrograd, where he studied law. From Dzerzhinsky not departed. Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar! On October 12, 1826 in Mickuny consecrated a chapel built by Alexander Pilar. The ceremony was attended, among others, by Juliusz Slowacki with his sisters Hersylia and Aleksandra Becu. In Ozemblovschizna on 1830 September 22, baptized Jozef Tertia Dzierzynski / Joseph Terciusz Dzierzhynski, parents: Jozef Dzerzhinsky and Antonina nee Oziemblowski / Ozemblovski, Dzerzhinsky. God-father Jan Terletskii / Jan Terlecki, cornet of the Polish troops, and god-mother Josefa Voyninoy. Jozef Dzerzhinsky 1788-1854 and Antonina Dzerzhinska - grandparents of Felix, but their daughter Jozefa (Leokadia Kornelia b. 1833 in Ozemblovschizna) lived shortly. Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierżynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska / Januszevsky Helene born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska. The grandson of Zofia Pilar / Zofija Pilar von Pilchau / Sophia Ignatievna, ie cousin of the Dzerzhinsky - Roman Adolfovich / Romualdas Liudvikas Adolfovich Pillar Pilhau was one of the prominent of the initial period of the Cheka - the Deputy Chief of counterintelligence Cheka, deputy chairman of Belarus GPU. R. Pillar Pilhau was one of closest personal friends and relatives to the known leaders of the security organs Artuzov / Artuzow Frautchi / Fraucci. Roman Pilchau von Pilar was definitely under the influence of his uncle, Felix Dzerzhinsky. Because it was a family. The sister of Dzerzhinsky's mother, Zofia Januszewski, married to Stanislaus Pilar of Mickuny. Stanislaw Pilar - the father of Alexander, the grandfather of Roman.

Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service from August 1931 to May 1935.

Structure and personnel of military intelligence agencies 1934 / 1935: Statistical information management of the Red Army in August - November 1934 and Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army in November 1934 - May 1939.
Berzin Yan Karlovich / Kzyuzis Peteris Janowicz, Head of Military Intelligence from March 1924 to April 1935 and from June 1937 to August 1937. Uritzky from April 1935 - Head of the 4th Intelligence Department of the General Staff of the Red Army, June 1937 - Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District to November 1, 1937.

Artuzow created on May 8, 1922 the counterintelligence department of the GPU. Artusov / Artuzow / Fraucci knew French. This counterintelligence department was structural unit of the GPU - OGPU, because on May 6, 1922 on the management meeting of the State Political Administration DECIDED to ESTABLISH the structure of a special unit to combat with foreign espionage; the first leaders: Felix Dzerzhinsky, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky and Arthur Artuzov. Everyone from the structure of the Swiss-Estonian and of the Polish nobility of Belarus, I have discussed. Artuzow was in years 1927-1931 - Assistant Chief of the Secret operational management. Artuzov / Artuzow - Frautchi on 01/01/1931 Deputy (Deputy Head of the Foreign Department INO OGPU) and 31 July 1931 headed Foreign department of the OGPU; when creating 10 July 1934 NKVD he headed foreign intelligence, but replaced 21/05/1935 by Slutsky and transferred to the Main Intelligence Directorate on the post of Deputy, (11th January 1937) 01/11/1937 lost this post; Corps Commissar on 21/11/1935; Artuzow / Artuzov on 13.05.1937 appointed on the registration Department and Artuzov Frauchi was arrested on the same day May 13, 1937 as part of the 'Plot of the Generals' (he was executed on August 21, 1937).
Wife of Artuzow: Inna Mikhailovna, in 1938, June 20 accused of spying for the French intelligence service on the grounds that she went twice 'under the guise of treatment' in Paris, where she was recruited; Artuzov Hristianovich Arthur was her husband, living with her from 1934. On August 26, 1938 Ulrich announced the verdict: the death penalty; first wife Lydia Artuzov Slugina escaped arrest; mother of Artuzov, Augusta Avgustovna died shortly after the arrest of Arthur Christianovich; father Christian Petrovich Fraucci / Frautchi and uncle Peter Fraucci / Frautchi died in 1923. Son Kamil / Camill was arrested in 1941; on March 23, 1938 was arrested brother Rudolph Hristianovich Frauchi, was shot by the NKVD in Butovo; the second brother, Victor Hristianovich, moved to Kazan, and became well-known professor; Artusov disagreed with Stalin in matters of Poland and Germany, has also tried to observe certain standards of conduct during the purges of the thirties.

Acc. to Jakubowski at http://antykapitalista19171959.salon24.pl/: "...When Artusov was invited on March 18, 1937 [10 days before the arrest of Jagoda] on board of directors of NKVD, ... Stalin and Yezhov, however, predicted for him a role in the play directed by a dictator ... that Dzerzhinsky passed in 1925-1926, and led his sometimes unstable politics. ... after subsequent speeches of comrades who tried to make him a scapegoat ... people who now found themselves in accused of spying on the Polish side, such as Sosnowski. In particular, Abram Slutsky, who knew too well the reality of his work... Artusov answered in speech, in which he not only criticized the moral defeat of the NKVD, but also entered into defense of his enemy - Jagoda, whose arrest was then sealed. Thus sealed his own end. In the night from 12 to 13 May 1937 Artusov was arrested. He was accused of collaboration with four foreign intelligence including Polish, subjected to torture, which he never did not apply in the investigation respecting the rule of law of Lenin, which Dzerzhinsky introduced himself. Artusov on August 21, 1937, was executed as an enemy of the people and conspirator against the revolution... In 2000, the Russian historian Theodore Gladkow published a biography Artusov 'Award for fidelity - chastisement'...".

Curiosity! 'Asymmetry. Russian roulette', by Piotr / Peter Gibowski, was prime edited on 11 / 30 November 2012; on the second page of the novel we land in Geneva AD 1927; Russian Roulette is the first part of a trilogy; from that moment begins the story, related to Poland, Germany, Russia, USA, Japan. Artusov is main figure of this story! Piotr Gibowski is psychologist, historian by avocation, the University of Warsaw, the Museum of the History of Poland popularizing history.

So...
Sebastian Rybarczyk, journalist and publicist, specializes in the history of special services, at 'historia.focus.pl/swiat/' on January 15, 2014 write about Artuzow (my webpage on Artuzow on January the 01st, 2014 and 08th January):
"...Strange that he did not defend himself, using his knowledge of the most senior (Soviet) leaders, eg, at early 20s (of the 20th cent.) he was responsible for the 'protection' of Clare Sheridan - an attractive young British sculptor, Churchill's cousin and lover of Trotsky and Kamenev, the personal enemies of Stalin...".

Clare Sheridan, born as Clare Consuelo Frewen / Clare Consuelo Sheridan, b. 1885, she was the daughter of Moreton Frewen from East Sussex and Clarita / Clara Jerome from USA; her godmother was Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough, Clare Consuelo Frewen was a cousin of Sir Winston Churchill, because her mother was the elder sister of Lady Randolph Churchill. Clare Consuelo Frewen married Wilfred Frederick Sheridan in 1910; in 1915, Clare Consuelo Sheridan moved from France to London; visiting USA, Sheridan had a love affair with Charlie Chaplin; among her friends were Lord and Lady Mountbatten, Lady Diana Cooper and Princess Margaret of Sweden; she attracted the attention of the UK Security Service after being invited to Moscow in 1920 to sculpt Lenin, Trotsky and Zinoviev, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky and Lev Kamenev. While in Russia Sheridan had affairs with Kamenev and Trotsky, and MI5 discovered that while living in Istanbul she had taken as a lover Ismet Bey; in 1925 Sheridan moved to Algiers. In 2002: a cousin of Winston Churchill was suspected of being a Soviet spy (?) - Clare Sheridan is recounted in an MI5 file released at the Public Record Office today that describes her belief in free love.

At margin about Artuzow / Artuzov Frautchi / Frucci, the curious coincidence with the Dobrzynski family from Orsha / Orsza! Ignacy Dobrzynski son of Ignacy Dobrzynski senior / Ignatius Sosnowski - Dobrzynski / Игнатий Игнатьевич Сосновский / Добржинский, born in 1897 in Riga, d. Nov. 15, 1937 in Moscow, at the end of World War I was a member of the Polish Military Organization under the name 'Cricket', after regaining independence by Poland on 11 November 1918, he was a officer of the Polish Army; served as a lieutenant in the Second Department Intelligence of the General Staff' was head of the intelligence branch in Lithuania and East Prussia.

Acc to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Great_Purge, on "August 11th, 1937: NKVD operative order No 00485 'On liquidation of Polish sabotage and espionage groups and organization Polish Military Organization'. On liquidation of Polish diversion-spying groups and elements of Polish Military Organization. The following groups were supposed to be repressed: former Polish Military Organization from Poland, emigrants from Poland, and members of the Polish Socialist Party and other Polish political parties. Also the order indefinitely prolonged the prison sentences of everybody suspected of being a Polish spy. The order created a new extrajudicial organ: NKVD 'dvoyka' consisting of two people: a representative of the NKVD and a representative of the Procurator-General. ... In 1937-1938, 139,815 people were sentenced in the course of the 'Polish operation'; among them 111,071 people were executed".

After arrest of Artuzow / Artuzov was a secret trial, and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky / Tuchachevski, Iona Yakir, Ieronim Uborevich, Robert Eideman, August Kork, Vitovt Putna, Boris Feldman, Vitaly Primakov and Yakov Gamarnik (suicide) were accused with planning a military coup on May 15, 1937; they were executed on the night of June 11-12, 1937. Marshal Tukhachevsky / Tuchachevski, Corps Commanders Yefimov, Eideman and Appoga were all arrested on the same day - 22 May 1937; on 24 May 1937, the Politburo passed the following resolution: '...Tukhachevsky, as participant in an anti-Soviet Trotsky-Right conspiratorial bloc ... having engaged in espionage activity against the USSR on behalf of Fascist Germany'. Between 01 and 10 June 1937, Tukhachevsky was describing the conspiratorial organization and plans for defeating the Red Army.

Robert P. Eideman / Roberts Eidemanis b. 1895 in Leyastsiems / Aahof in Valka district of Livonia; LEYASTSIEMS / Aahof, a village in the district of Gulbene (Republic of Latvia), Gulbene, is south-east of Lejasciems / Aahof. Ca 17 km. Leyastsiems / Aahof / Lejasciema ca 100 km north-west of Rezekne, ca 60 km south-east of Valmiera. Jerome P. Uborevich / Jeronimas Uborevičius b. 1896, Kovno province. Mikhail Tukhachevsky b. 1893, in battle, February 19, 1915 near the village of Piaseczno (Lomza) his company was surrounded, he was taken prisoner; sent to a camp for incorrigible fugitives in Ingolstadt, where he met with Charles de Gaulle. In September 1917, makes the fifth escape, become successful, and 18 September was able to cross the border into Switzerland. In October 1917 he returned to Russia through France, England, Norway and Sweden. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in March 1918. The first on May 10, 1937 Tukhachevsky was transferred from the post of First Deputy of the Defense Commissar to the post of Commander of the Volga Military District. On May 22, 1937 he was arrested in Kuibyshev, on May 24, brought to Moscow, 26 May, after confrontations with Primakov, Putna and Feldman gave the first confession. A week before when Artuzov Frauchi was arrested, John Dewey said about Trocky on May 9, 1937 in New York, and Dewey informed on the preliminary investigation. His speech ended with the words: 'Trotsky ... need for further investigation. We recommend therefore to bring the work of this commission to the end'. And next reported that a total of 37,761 officers and commissars were dismissed, 10,868 were arrested and 7,211 were condemned for anti-Soviet crimes.

Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi was born in the family of Swiss origin, but Italian nationality. His father Christian Frautschi came to Russia, where he was engaged in reindeer cheese; cheesemaker, a citizen of the Swiss Federation. Mother Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938, had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot; her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik, her mother Bertha Esterling / Stirling / EASTERLING born 1835 d. 1891 - her parents: Edward Esterling / EASTERLING and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland.

The family of Edward Esterling and Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland: 1. Olga Avgustovna Didrikil next of kin to Sverdlov; 2. Bertha Didrikil nee Esterling, her husband Август Иванович Дидрикиль / Didrikil; her son Edward Avgustovich Didrikil; her father Edward Esterling - his daughters Odile Esterling b. 1830 Latvia at farmhouse in Yucca / Iukka, and Bertha Didrikil born in Riga in 1835 died in 1891, Charlotte Esterling, Alvina Esterling. Her mother Elena Esterling nee Shtaal.

Acc. to 'Eesti Postimees', No 16, 28 April 1890, ed. in Tartu, we read on the Livland / Liiwimaa Landra Kollegium (Liiwimaa / Hallikukiwi = Livland) where Count Reinhold Wilhelm Jacobs and Alexander Didrikil in January 1889 and in December of the same year, and January 18th, 1890, talked that land surveyors again are working; signed in Riga, Latvia, by Baron Brnningk / Broning?

This an example only a few people with family Jakobson. Note: August Mihkelevich Jakobson / August Jakobson born 1904 in (in the village Rääma near Pernova / Parnu, Pärnu, part of north Pärnu, in Pärnumaa, Estonia) Pärnu, died in Tallinn, Estonian writer. Carl Robert Jakobson / Linnutaja b. 1841 Tartu, was living in Торма / Torma close to Ranvere or Torma ca 65 km south of Rakvere. Jakobson's father was a school teacher; Natalie Johanson his sister, and his brother, Eduard Magnus Jakobson. 1856-1859 he studied at the seminary in Valga, next in Jamburg, in St. Petersburg 1865, Jakobson participated in the Estonian Literary Society. Eduard Magnus Jakobson b. 1847 Tartu - d. 1903 Tallinn, was an Estonian graphic artist. Adam Jakobson b. 1817 Haanja - d. 1857, Carl Robert Jakobson's father. Jakobson was living in Vorumaa and the University of Tartu as a servant; Haanja is a village of Voromaa, the former parish Rouge.

The parents of above Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov met and married in Russia; children: 1891 first child was born Arthur Eugene Leonard, the other three daughters and two sons: 1892 Maria Eugenia Bertha / Maria, 1894 Victor Alexander Rudolph, 1896 Anthonine Catherine / Nina, 1899 Vera Olga Berta / Olga, 1902 Victor Alexander Boris. All six children under the laws of the Swiss Republic "after the October Revolution continued to be regarded as citizens of the Swiss Confederation". "September 4, 1917 at the Swiss Embassy in Petrograd Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi also been issued for Swiss passport No. 11/ 208". Swiss Italian-born Christian Petrovich Frautschi (Christian Frautschi son of Paul or Petr Frautschi) in the estate Mykolaivka met Didrikil Augusta.
"Augusta grandfather was from Scotland. He was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna".
Hereditary cheesemaker Christian Frautschi came to Russia in search of a good steady income; took a fancy to the north-western province (Estonia), for cattle, and it took two or three years; Here Christians Frauchi married to one of the four sisters of the Didrikil family, of the Estonian, Latvian, Russian, Scottish and even French blood.
One of the sisters, Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov (Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county.
Mikhail Kedrov b. 1878, Moscow – killed 1941, secret policeman and one of the builders of the Cheka; "Kedrov was reportedly extremely cruel and barbaric, even by the standards of the Red Terror ... Kedrov and his son Igor had complained repeatedly to Joseph Stalin about Lavrenti Beria, who increasingly came to control the Soviet secret police in the 1930s", acc. to Wikipedia). Kedrov in 1912 emigrated to Switzerland. Maintained contacts with Lenin, and lectured medicine at the universities of Bern and Lausanne. In 1916, on the instructions of the Central Committee returned to Russia, on the Caucasian front.
Nina Avgustovna / Anthonine Catherine / Antonina Avgustovna Didrikil / DIDRIKIL Avgustovna Nina b. 1882 - d. 1953 - married to an exile Nicholas Podvoisky / Podvoisky Ivan Ilyich.
Avgustovna Augusta - for Swiss cheesemaker.
Maria Avgustovna remained an old maid but she known the renowned journalist, the future chairman of the OGPU Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Podvoisky become one of the founders of the Red Army; Kedrov - one of the builders of the Cheka (December 20, 1917 was formed Russian Extraordinary Commission headed by F. Dzerzhinsky), shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne; Menzhinsky - deputy and successor of the first chairman of the Cheka - Dzerzhinsky; Christian's Frauchi wife was interlocutor of Podvoisky, Kedrov, Ангарский / Angarskij and Klestov. In 1903 the whole family Frauchi / Frautschi moved to Novgorod province, where, moving from one estate to another, Arthur's father, together with his assistants was doing cheese. Estates - Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putyanin, Petrovskoe, Davydkina.

Samples:
Didrikil Edward son of August / Avgust Didrikil / Didrikil Jeduard / Дидрикиль Эдуард, journalist of an Agriculture newspapers, in the Pskov government in 1913.
Note at margin: Consequently, Lenin never was interested in the movement of international language Esperanto. Lenin's statement of this one have reported by E. Didrikil. Didrikil wrote among other things in 1916 in Bern on the national problem, that according to Lenin: Dreams of establishing of international language, Esperanto or Volapük is utopia. Language creating the future will not universal for all nations; the problem is the language as one of the great cultural language: English, French and possibly also Russian. Didrikil's work is the only one that notices the similarities between the ideas of Kautsky and Lenin globalization of large national language. It is a relationship of Lenin to Esperanto characterized by Lenin's sister, Maria Uljanovova in 1928 as a wholly negative attitude: Vladimir Ilich many times was very negative on the Esperanto; we talked about the language, he was a great expert of languages. Compare: Alfred D. Low, 'Lenin on the question of nationality', New York, 1958, pp. 54. E. Drezen, 'La doctrine de en Lenin practice movado por internacia lingvo, 1934; M. Kammari, see also Sennaciulo, Lenin in Bern, a report on the ethnic issue on 13 July 1913; Didrikil: Lenin in 1913 in Zurich, Geneve, Lausanne and Bern. The statement of any items that have reported E. Didrikil, in 1916 in Bern on the national problem.

Didrikil Maria daughter of Georgij Didrikil / Дидрикиль Мария Георгиевна, born 1872; served for the Armed Forces of South Russia 1919, evacuated at the end of 1920 from Novorossiysk on the ship 'Hannover'.
Didrikil, A. A., author of the Report on Public Education, ed. Moscow in 1903.
Genealogy of the DIDRIKIL family:
wife of N. I. PODVOYSKY was Nina Avgustovna DIDRIKIL 1882 - 1953, her father ДИДРИКИЛЬ Август / DIDRIKIL Avgust; her sister Augusta Avgustovna + Italian-Swiss origin Frauchi Christian Petrovich - son Frautschi ​​Artusow Hristianovich Arthur 1881-1938?; daughter Frauchi Vera Christianovna; her second sister Olga Avgustovna + КЕДРОВ / Kedrov Mikhail S. 1878 - 1941, son of a notary; son Kedrov Bonifatii Mikhailovich b. 1903, philosopher, chemist; second son Kedrov Igor Mikhailovich 1908-40, working in subjection Dekanozov, arrested in April 1939 and was shot.
The family Sverdlov: 1. SVERDLOV Michael Izrailevich / Moshe Serdlin / Mikhail Saveliev, a native of Lithuania, d. 1921, m. to Elizabeth Solomonovna d. 1900, and second time married to КОРМИЛЬЦЕВА Мария Александровна / Kormiltsev Maria: daughter 1.1. Софья Михайловна 1882-1951 or Pauline, her husband Awerbach / Averbach / Auerbach, owner of the steamship company on the Volga - her children Leopold Auerbach Leonidovich 1903-1939, literary critic and member of the Union of Soviet Writers, wife Bonch-Bruevich Vera Vladimirovna daughter of Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich, second Ida Leonidovich d. 1938, Deputy of Moscow prosecutor, her husband Henryk Jagoda / ЯГОДА Генрих Григорьевич or Иегода Енон Гершонович / Iegoda Enone Gershonovich, 1891-1938, his son Garik Jagoda 1929 - ? (Ida Leonidovich Auerbach was niece of the Y. M. Sverdlov); second 1.2. Zalman or Yeshua Zolomon Movshev, PESHKOV 1885-1966, adopted by M. Gorky, went abroad in 1903 to France joined the Foreign Legion; 1.3. Yakov Mikhailovich 1885-1919, wife Claudia Novgorodtseva Timofeevna, merchant's daughter, her son Andrey Yakovlevich 1911/14 - 1969, in 1935 and in 1937 he was arrested, later he served in the NKVD, wife - Podvoiskaya Nina 1916-1996, daughter of N. I. Podvoysky (N. I. PODVOYSKY + Nina Avgustovna DIDRIKIL 1882 - 1953, her father ДИДРИКИЛЬ Август / DIDRIKIL Avgust; her sister Augusta Avgustovna + Italian-Swiss origin Frauchi Christian Petrovich - son Frautschi ​​Artusow Hristianovich Arthur 1881-1938); 1.4. Veniamin Mikhailovich 1887-1940, owner of the bank in America, 1918 he returned to Russia, arrested in 1937, shot, wife DELEVSKAYA Vera; 1.5. Sarah M. 1889-1964; 1.6. Lev Mikhailovich 1891-1914; 1.7. Herman M. 1905/08-1984, 1.8. Alexander b. 1910.

Note on Menzhinsky: he escaped to Finland, in the town of Vyborg, soon he went to Sweden, then moved to Belgium, lived in Brussels, 1908 he moved to Switzerland, where he lived for some time in Zurich, then in Geneva, toured almost the whole of Italy, came to Paris and then in 1910 moved to the U.S., where he lived for some time in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago, in the same year he returned to France, but soon six months traveling around England, since 1913 Vyacheslav Menzhinsky lived in Paris, and even managed to get employees in the private bank Credit Lyonnais (see: Duflon and Konstantynowicz).
Note on Henry Jagoda was born in 1891 in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl province. 1913 he moved to St. Petersburg, where Podvoisky met him, served for the Red Army, he chaired Podvoisky again; Artuzov had contact with both Menzhinsky and Yagoda, but the most close and intimate relationship he developed with the head of the Cheka - Jagoda: the main activities of the Special Department in 1920-1921 was the fight with the Polish espionage.

The family of Christian Frautschi had six children, and Arthur was the first. The eldest of the children, until his death remained a Swiss citizen, as evidenced by his passport, still stored in one of the Moscow archives. Above father Christian P. Frautschi b. 1860/1865 ?, died in 1923. Kamill Frautschi 1921 - 1997, a violinist; his son Alexander Frautschi 1954-2008, play guitar. The Frautschis were Swiss émigrés in Russia. Kamill's father Arthur Frautschi Artuzov, a top-ranking officer of the NKVD, as a result, Kamill spent his youth in the Gulag. Artuzov was familiar with the Bolshevik revolutionaries: Podvoisky was frequent guest in the house of Frautschi, married to sister of mother. Since 1906 Artuzov was distributing illegal literature. 1909 he graduated the Novgorod classical gymnasium and entered the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, graduated in February 1917, then worked as a engineer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum - as metallurgical engineer. In the summer of 1927 Artuzov was appointed as 2nd Assistant of the Chief of Secret-operative OGPU, Henryk Jagoda. 1930 Artuzov was appointed deputy chief of INO OGPU USSR, and August 1, 1931 - as chief and member of the board INO OGPU USSR. The First Chief of the Directorate of the Committee for State Security, for foreign operations and training and management of the agents, of political, scientific and technical intelligence.
In 1922, after the creation of the State Political Directorate and connecting it with People's Commisariat for Internal Affairs, foreign intelligence was conducted by the GPU Foreign Department, and between December 1923 and July 1934 by the Foreign Department of Joint State Political Directorate or OGPU. Under Trilisser's management, foreign intelligence had become professionally services. Trilisser himself was very active, traveling to Berlin and Paris. Trilisser left his position in 1930, and was replaced by Artur Artuzov, the former chief of department of counter-intelligence and main initiator of the Trust Operation.

Artuzov Fraucci, Arthur Khristyanovich b. 1891, originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Frauchi. Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution. Acc. to: New KGB history..., by Aleln and Rachel Douglas; inf. on A History of the KGB by John J. Dziak, Lexington Books, 1987.
"John J. Dziak's Chekisty is a cut above the mediocre sociologizing about the supposedly new type of Soviet leader, to which we have been subjected by academia and the popular press since the advent of Yuri Aodropov and Mikhail Gorbachov. Its author, a senior Defense Intelligence Agency analyst who took leave to complete this project, obviously disdains the sort of adulation of Gorbachov and his entourage... Reilly had obtained a post in the Cheka, thanks to Vladimir G. Orlov, who as a Czarist official in Warsaw had handled sensitive cases of subversion and espionage, including that of Feliks Dzerzhinsky, and was now in the latter's employ. When Hill and Reilly finished their work, they escaped unscathed, Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky were greatly strengthened, Lenin lay dying, and an American intelligence network in Soviet Russia was smashed. Men from this Hill-Reilly network of 1918 became key figures in the Trust. These included Reilly himself, Reilly's friend, Boris Savinkov, and two of the men in Reilly's "anti­Bolshevik" network: Yakushev and Eduard Opperput. Russian aristocrats. Numerous Russian aristocrats, from families that had worked for a dynastic change, were active collaborators of the Trust... Among them were members of the Obolensky, Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy, Dolgorukov, Artamonov, Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, Svyatopolk-Mirsky, and Lieven families. Prince Yuri A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, known as the chief ideologist of the emigre Supreme Monarchical Council, worked out the bitterly anti-Western ideology ... in conjunction with Cheka agent Yakushev. ... main Trust 'legend', was headed by Prince N. S. Trubetskoi / Troubetzkoy and Prince Dmitri Svyatopolk-Mirsky, who later became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, before repatriating to the Soviet Union. His father, the interior minister when Okhrana agent Father Gapon sparked Bloody Sunday, leading to the 1905 Revolution, had refused to arrest the known inciter Gapon before those events. The Soviets themselves draw attention to the aristocratic element in the Trust... we find old Okhrana agents Reilly and Boris Savinkov, together with the chief of White counterintelligence, the Okhrana's notorious Colonel Klimovich, who was one of the Trust's chief boosters among the emigration. ... Parvus, the future moneybags for the Bolsheviks and arranger of Lenin's return to Petrograd on the sealed train, first made his fortune in the Salonika-Constantinople grain trade run by Volpi's freemasonic associates. Many of the Polish Bolsheviks who played an important role in the early days of Dzerzhinsky's Cheka, had been run by Parvus. In the tiny Balkan kingdom of Montenegro, whose economy and royal house were owned by Volpi from approximately the tum of the century, the Russian military attache from 1903 to 1915 was N. M. Potapov. Out of this apparent backwater, Potapov in 1915 vaulted to the position of Quartermaster General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Russian Army, in charge of all army intelligence. In the summer of 1917, Potapov began working openly with Bolsheviks he had known since the 1890s ... (made) the transformation of the Tsarist War Ministry into the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs. He became the first Red Army Chief of Staff. The Trust's young mastermind, A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have returned to Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviets' fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo-Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary to Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly fooled the Russian aristocrats abroad into believing he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground. Yet, as emigre chronicler of the Trust S. L. Voitsekhovsky had to admit, it was incomprehensible, how his contemporaries, his former superiors and colleagues, could have believed in the sincerity of his monarchical views. ... The Trust of the spies and provocateurs, as the above shows, turns out to be a microcosm of a much bigger East­West complex, whose strategic outlook was best stated by the infamous Toynbee in 1974. ... Cheka chief Dzerzhinsky wore another hat, as chairman of the Supreme Council for the National Economy, which allowed him to deal directly with the Western members of this larger Trust...".
Copyright of above quotation:
EIR Volume 15, Number 3, January 15, 1988; © 1988 EIR News Service Inc., All Rights Reserved. A Fresh Look at the February Revolution. New KGB skirts history lessons... by Aleln and Rachel Douglas. "John Dziak leads the IASC's work on technology security, strategic denial and deception and countermeasures. He has served over three decades as a senior intelligence officer and an executive in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and in the Defense Intelligence Agency, with long experience in weapons proliferation intelligence, counterintelligence, strategic intelligence, global countermeasures and intelligence education. He is the author of the award-winning, Chekisty: A History of the KGB (1987), numerous other books, articles, and monographs, the most recent of: which is The Military Relationship Between China and Russia, 1995-2002 (2002), and is currently preparing a book on counterintelligence. Dr. Dziak is fluent in Russian. Dr. Dziak is co-founder and President of Dziak Group, Inc., a consulting firm in the fields of technology transfer, intelligence, counterintelligence and security, and national security affairs with clients in industry and the Intelligence Community. Dr. Dziak is an Adjunct Professor at the National Defense Intelligence College". But "... A. A. Artuzov, in his thirties at the peak of the operation, was a cousin of Potapov. Originally named Renucci or Fraucci, Artuzov is said by most sources to have it returned Russia from Genoa only on the eve of the Revolution, while the Soviet's fictionalized biography of Artuzov acknowledges that he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. When Potapov was the Trust's emissary is Western Europe in the 1920s, he supposedly the Russian aristocrats fooled into believing abroad he was the representative of an anti-Bolshevik underground". In this quotation, however, is a mistake. Characteristic that appeared to it in the years 1987 and 1988. Recently in 1987, I started by solving puzzles and political genealogy around my Konstantynowicz family in Poland and Russia.

In the first period October 1987 - September 1989 I recognized the immediate environment of our family Konstantynowicz, maybe 200 people; unfortunately it 'coincided' with the death of my father on November 3, 1987; buried 09 November 1987.
Curiosity! The webpage 'Executive Intelligence Review www.larouchepub.com/.../eirv15n03-1988011' was founded on 21 November 1987, but EIR, Executive Intelligence Review, was ed. on January 15, 1988, vol. 15, No 3. EIR: Founder and Contributing Editor: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. and Editor-in-chief: Criton Zoakos, Editor: Nora Hamerman. EIR is published by New Solidarity International Press Service. Executive Intelligence Review is a newsmagazine founded in 1974 by the American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. The article "New KGB history skirts lessons of the...", by Aleln and Rachel Douglas, is on "A History of the KGB" by John J. Dziak, Lexington Books, 1987, 234 pages. 'Chekisty: The KGB...' was ed. the first by 'Free Press' on 28 September 1987, and again on 01 January 1988 by this publisher. The Lexington Books edited this book in October 1987, but second publisher 'Ballantine Books' ed. on October 31, 1988.
We back to my work. Then came the period of 1990 - 2002, I met Georgia, Russia, etc, but mostly tens people of Poland and other countries has granted me accurate genealogical data, and not just about family Konstantynowicz; thanks to this I could - in 1992 - provide a working thesis of particular importance: "in our family was someone on the top of the Soviet military intelligence" , and our family Konstantynowicz moved in Tsarist Russia very close to the Russian intelligence core. The parts it turned out to be true; I am writing that only partially, because the key person was a Swiss with Italian - Estonian origin, and this man had no affinity with our family, but was created by the military system, whose my Konstantynowicz family was a part: in Miezonka, Swolna, Moscow, Estonia, St. Petersburg, Kazan, the Vaud canton and the nearby Swiss villages, Lodz, Riga. This search took me 27 years, but it took 20 years to Stalin it came up on the trail military conspiracy in May 1937 - probably as long, because the key person - Artusov surely created a Soviet counterintelligence, and next he took the position as head of civilian intelligence, then deputy head of the military intelligence of the Soviet Union. In the period February 2003 to date (31 January 2014) in 2014, communicate to all with the help of Yahoo servers in California, knowledge on the history and genealogy of the Konstantynowicz family, by using further of the factual help my readers .

Artuzov / Артур Фраучи was graduating of the metallurgical department of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in February 1917 with a diploma in metal engineering, went to work as an engineer to Nizhny Tagil in the Urals, and in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum / Влади́мир Ефи́мович Грум-Гржима́йло (engineer - designer in Metallurgical Bureau of Professor Vladimir Grum). Vladimir E. Grum-Grzymajlo b. 1864, inventor, engineer-metallurgist, his father, Yefim Grum - Grzhimailo was a renowned specialist of tobacco (the Department of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Finance in 1867); mother, Margaret M., nee Kornilovich, was the niece of A. O. Kornilovich; graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1885, after he worked at the Urals steelworks in Nizhny Tagil, Salda, Alapayevsk; 1911-1918 - an professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1891, foreign trips in Sweden, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, in 1900, in Paris. On 01 August 1915 in Petersburg / Petrograd was created the Metallurgical Bureau / Bureau of metallurgical and thermal structures / Office / Institute of design fiery furnace; his brother Grigory Efimovich Grum Grzhimailo b. 1860-1936, Russian traveler, geographer and zoologist. Артур Фраучи / Artuzov in August 1917, after returning to Petrograd from another trip to the Urals, to Nizhny Tagil, decided to leave the profession of engineer - designer in the Petrograd office and until December 1917 he worked in the Office of the demobilization of the army and navy. In Autumn 1917 (back home in October 1917) he made 'secret' trip to Italy to Genoa / Genova / Genua; why? - I don't know details on the return way: Italy - British Egipt and Iraq or from Italy to France, Sweden, Finland?
From December 1917 to March 1918 he worked as secretary of the Audit Commission of the Commissariat for Military Affairs in Vologda and Arkhangelsk.

The Fraucci-Artuzov came from Switzerland. They lived near Villenouve and Montreux. Belonged - like the family Diserens / Dizeren - to immigrants from Italy. In the former area of the Republic of Genoa, maybe even from Genoa / Genova / Genua. The figure of Artuzov is the key. The biography of Artuzov acknowledges he was of Italo - Swiss ancestry. That's just the truth. He belonged to a group of Italian and French families, who came to Russia in the first and second half of the 19th century (1879 / 1881 to 1889 important period) from Switzerland and often coming from France.
Samples only:
Another Christian Frautschi immigrated to Wisconsin from Switzerland in 1867. Hans Peter FRAUTSCHI was born in Switzerland in 1841. It is believed his father was Abraham FRAUTSCHI and his mother's name was Mary FRAUTSCHI. His Spouse's name is Katrina FRAUTSCHI born in Switzerland in 1847. Marie Magdalena Reichenbach nee Frautschi b. 1776 in Saanen, canton Bern, Switzerland - d.? Her father Christian Frautschi b. 1750. Christian Frautschi b. 1691 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1717 - Saanen; Christian Frautschi b. 1749 - Saanen died 1828 - Saanen. Christian Frautschi with wife 1846 Magdalena Eggen b. 1827. Samuel Frautschi b. 1847, d. 1918, in Cantou Bern, Switzerland, married Lena Leifer.
Renucci, born March 29, 1945 in Cozzano, Corse; Renucci, Janine (2001), La Corse. Lauranne, G. Renucci in Genova, Italy. Renucci, born July 11, 1956 in Le Creusot, ca 150 km west of Lausanne. Livorno, Renuccio / RENUCCI (1880-1947). Corsica successively was part of the Republic of Genoa for five centuries. The construction of the Montreux-Oberland Bernois rail road in 1905 connected the Canton of Vaud with Gstaad and Saanen. The Palace Hotel was opened in 1913 as Gstaad's first luxury hotel. Gsteig that is Gstaad in the Saanen District, Canton of Bern, Switzerland. The Fraucci family is very old ancestry in this valley, from the 16th century. Descendants of Johanne Von Siebenthal born 1568 in Gruben Bei Gstaad, Bern, Switzerland, and his wife MARIA FRUTSCHI married 1592 in Saanen, daughter of HANS FRUTSCHI and BENEDICTA MATTI. She was born on December 02, 1566: D. VON SIEBENTHAL, b. June 07, 1607 was married to ABRAHAM GRIESEN.
Several families of Saanen/Gessenay: AELLEN, GANDER, HAUSWIRTH, JAGGI, KROPFLI, WURSTEN and ZWALLEN.
The FRAUTSCHI immigrants of Saanen/Gessenay lived in Wisconsin.

Christian Frautschi / Frautchi Kristian
(was born on October 20, 1839; worked in the Rhone valley, upstream from Lake Geneva and the famed Castle of Chillon [Castle of Chillon - Avenue de Chillon 21, ca 2 km north of Villeneuve, east side of the Geneve Lake and 3 km south of Montreux]. Then he went to Geneva and spent more than two years there learning cabinetmaking from his Uncle Isaac, whom he referred to as his master. Whether this Isaac Frautschi was an uncle on his father's or his mother's side? He worked for nearly a year for a cabinetmaker named Rudolph Frautschi for a full year in Ong. Possibly these were relatives; places where he worked were Bule, Oron, Newshatel / Neuchatel, Sion, Aigle [Aigle, 9 km south of Villeneuve, see: Duflon; route of Lenin and Krupska; Frautchi, Frautschi from Saanen], Ormont, Lausanne, and Neuemberg, 1861 he went to Thun),
the fourth of six sons born to Abraham and Maria Magdalena Frautschi, whose maiden name was also Frautschi; two stayed in Turbachtal / Turbach. They were preceded by their Uncle Jacob 1804-1884, the brother of Abraham,
and in 1852 came to America - White Mound, Wisconsin, in Sauk County.

Note on above Troubetzkoy / Trubetskoi:
Prince Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1890 in Moscow; the son of Prince S. Trubetskoy / С. Н. Трубецко́й who was a rector of Moscow University, and his nephew Prince E. Trubetskoy known Russian philosopher. Prince Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862, Russian religious philosopher; Brother of the philosopher E. Trubetskoy. Sergei Troubetzkoy was born in the Moscow suburban estate Ahtyrka. His son, above Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й / Nikolai Troubetzkoy in 1920 he emigrated to Bulgaria, he taught at the University of Sofia, to the development of the Eurasian ideology; was attended by P. P. Suvchinsky, G. V. Florovsky, P. N. Savitsky. In 1923 he moved to Vienna, he taught at the University of Vienna. Above named Sergei Troubetzkoy b. 1862 in Kaluga or Ahtyrka, and friend of V. S. Solovyov; parents: Nikolai Troubetzkoy b. 1828 and Sophia Lopuchin b. 1841. His grandparents: Peter Ivanovich Troubetzkoy b. 1798 and Emilia P. Wittgenstein b. 1801; and his great-grandparents: Ivan Nikolayevich Troubetzkoy b. 1760 and Natalia Meshcherskaya b. 1776; and his great-great-grandparents Nikolai Troubetzkoy and Tatiana A. Kozlovsky / Kozlowska.

Next a figure. Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Wacław Mienżynski, Mężyński, b. 1874, Saint Petersburg; the security officer, the successor to F. Dzerzhinsky headed OGPU (1926-1934). A Polish noble family of the Orthodox faith: grandfather sang in chorus and father Rudolf Ignatievich Menzhinsky - State Councilor, a graduate of St. Petersburg University, a history teacher; mother, Maria Shakeeva; 1903 sent to Yaroslavl as a representative of the newspaper 'Iskra', a member of the Yaroslavl organization of the RSDLP, met M. S. Kedrov / Kedar?, N. I. Podvoisky, Didrikil Nina wife of Podvoisky.

In the history of intelligence services Artuzov Arthur Frauchi was headed counterintelligence, foreign intelligence and military intelligence, born 1891 in the village Ustinovo, Kashin County, Tver province (Dubbelt or Dubelt family in Kuvshinovo, Tver region = Russia, Tver Oblast, Kuvshinovo, close to Puzakovo; ca 120 km west of Tver), his father Christian Frautschi was a master cheesemaker in the estate of the landowner Likhachev. Frauchi father remained a Swiss citizen; mother, Augusta Avgustovna Didrikil, Latvian descent, taught him French and German, and then he taught himself English. Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of landowner Popov, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver. Cheesemaker was working in the estate Mykolaivka, and Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province.
The ancestors of the Frautschi family were Italians, but they settled in that part of the country, where lived natives of Germany, village in the mountains - Gstaad, about an hour away by car from Bern and ca 2 km only from Saanen; ca 30 km east of Villeneuve; here were always Frautschi, all generation were cheesemaker; spoke a strange dialect of German; Christian Frautschi, went to Russia from this village; Christian's Petrovich daughter Nina came home in Gstaad during the holidays at summer of 1912. House was unhurt now, the house is so empty since 1912.
Elisee Reclus and Piotr Kropotkin were living in Clarens, Montreux. L'Abbaye - Breguet. Abetel in Riex, Lausanne. Morges - Duflon. Demontet - in Villette in the Vaud province. Cully is near to Riex. Villette or Lavaux close to Lutry and Cully. Ramseyer family from Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel. Also St-Aubin-Sauges north of Lausanne, Grindlachen, Bern in Switzerland; from Siebnen and Steffisburg north-east of Lousanne, Tavannes, north of Neuchatel. Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located ca 30 km east-south of Lausanne; Duflon family gone from Nimes 1584, Lutry 1852, Neuchatel, in Paris 1801 - 1877 Louis Duflon. Duflon in 1906 in d'Ardon, south-east of Villeneuve. Also in La Tour-de-Peilz east from Lausanne, close to Villeneuve, 15 km. The DUFLON family 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse. M. Wilczek from Lausanne, and Michael Dobrovolsky / Michail / Michal Dobrowolski 1903 - 1907 in Lausanne. Jean Rey / Jean-Alexandre REY b. 1861 in Lausanne / Lauzanne, Switzerland. His first wife Marie Sautter b. 1870, daughter of Louis Sautter - founder of LEMONNIER - HARLE and Co. with Paul LEMONNIER. Diserens or Dizeren among other things, it were the villages and towns: CLARENS located east from Lausanne, also Villette, Cully and Riex. Villette or Lavaux is located close to Lutry and Cully. Shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne.
At margin - we know about Anna Frauchi, b. 1716 in Koppigen, Bern district, Switzerland, died in 1756, Switzerland, married 1774 in Jegenstorf, Bern, Switzerland.
Didrikil Maria Gieorgievna, born 1872, in the Armed Forces of South Russia and evacuated at the end of January 1920 from Novorossiysk on the ship 'Hannover'.
Somebody in Rapperswil-Jona, close to Zurich; and Turbach ca 5 km east of Saanen. Johann Jakob Frautschi / Jacob Jacques Frautschi in 1842, used passport to travel from Switzerland between Canton Berne and Paris, living in Gessenai (Saanen/Gessenay or Saanen, east of Montreux ca 28 km, close to Versoix, near by Rougemont; and now in Schonried close to Saanen; east of Villeneuve), aged 44 years, who was native of Gesseney, who wanted to return to France, married 1843 to Elise Perrin, aged 34 years. Marie Elise Perín was born 28 May 1814, and was baptised in 1815 in the parish of Briel (Biel / Bienne, ca 35 km north-east of Neuchatel).

Summer 1904 - Lenin and Krupskaya / Krupska left Geneva for longer holiday; Lenin and Krupskaya settled first in Lausanne, then changed it to Montreux in 1904 (Kropotkin, Konstantynowicz), the starting point of a multi-week trip to the mountains, chose the wildest trails, climbed into the wilderness, away from people; their journey was interesting: from Montreux (with Clarens, here Konstantynowicz), Villeneuve, to Aigle - 11 km south of Villeneuve (Duflon), then tens of kilometers along the river Rhone (to south and south-east), stay in Loiche - les - Bains / Leukerbad - ca 29 / 34 km south-east of Gstaad, Saanen and Turbach (Fraucci or Frautchi - Artuzow), walk down through the Gemmipass - 28 km south-east of Gstaad, in the mountains of the Bernese canton - 30 to 40 km east of Saanen and Turbach (Frautchi), visit to the Jungfrau / Jungfraujoch - ca 55 to 60 km east of Saanen, again stay at Izentale (or Iseltwald) on Brienzersee - 60/70 km east-north of Saanen, next the way back into the Canton of Geneva (back home on west from Spiez, Saanen, Villeneuve, Montreux), where before returning to Geneva, Lenin and Krupskaya lived in a guest house near lac de Bret (Lac de Bret, Puidoux, Suisse - close to Riex, Cully, 5 km north-east of Cully, ca 15 km east of Lausanne, and 9 km north-west of Vevey; see: Breguet and Duflon, Diserens) in company with Bogdanov; the walk had beneficent effect on Lenin; the nerves came back to normal. How long the journey took for Lenin? It can be answered accurately; their tour began in early July 1904 and lasted nearly two months. Montreux and Vevey nearby well known in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Stayed here Tchaikovsky, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gogol, Vyazemskij, Stravinsky, Diaghilev.
Somewhere nearby, in the mountains, held secret meetings Lenin in 1904 (mountains east of Montreux to Saanen).
Lenin was writing from Bern to Geneva, that will be living in Montreux in October 1914, next in Zurich. Probably in Hotel 'Сплендид', a room No 53; in March 1914 Samoilov / Самойлов was in Montreux. Hôtel Splendid / Hotel Splendid, Grand rue 52, 1820 Монтре / Montreux center, 2 km south-east of Clarens, but only 50 meters to Lake and ferry. The Hotel Splendid Montreux, in front of Lake Geneva / Lac Leman, was built at the end of the 19th century and its opening was in 1904. Vladimir Lenin was here in 1908. Lenin maybe was living in Hotel Splendid in 1904? This is the Duflon family core: Clarens, Grandvaux, Chavornay, Montreux, Lausanne.

Alyaksandr Malinovsky / Aliaksandr Alyaksandravіch Malіnoўskі / Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov / Malinowski / Werner / Maksimov, b. 1873 in Sokółka, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland), of Belarusian ethnicity, a doctor, economist, philosopher; Bogdanov and Lenin met in Switzerland in the summer of 1904 and entered into an alliance, to 1909.



Electric lighting has come into use in Russia in 1880s. In the end, the concession for the construction of the first power plant in Ufa and Ufa province was signed in 1896 by a specialist of the companies: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' from St. Petersburg and the 'Sautter, Harle and Co.' from Paris, engineer Nikolai Vladimirovich Konshin / Владимирович Коншин. Construction of the city's first power plant taken about two years, on 01 February 1898 it gave a light. The city council had to pay for it to the owner 275 thousand rubles. In July 1918 to October 1918 Konshin went through terrible ordeals, he was among the 98 hostages of Ufa. He was alive in the early 1920s.
His father probably Konshin Vladimir Nikolaevich born ?, member of the Board of the South - Eastern Railway Society and the Rybinsk Railway. Above Konshin Nikolai V. born ?, was working for the Prince of Oldenburg for the exploration of manganese around Trebizond 1887 - 1888, a member of the South Ussuri Expedition 1888 - 1890 and for the exploration of coal in the Semipalatinsk region 1890, in the Urals from 1891, built at his own expense the first power plant in Ufa 1898.

The Minsk City Council on June 28, 1894 decided on the introduction of electric lighting and the Town Council concluded an agreement with the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company. According to the agreement a power station and the city's network lighting should be equipped with a steam boiler of Fiiner Gamper / Hamper from Sosnowiec, Westinghouse steam engine system, dynamos of the Baltic electric plant in Riga, lightbulbs of the Gabriel and Anzheno / Angeno Comp. from Paris, and electric bulbs of Harle factory.

On January 12, 1895 in Minsk, the first city power station started. In 1899 the plant was named 'Elvod', Minsk became the fourth city after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev, where began to use electrical networks.

On the Pärnu history and power stations and electrical networks in Estonia:
One hundred years ago in Parnu earned powerhouse. "The first power that earned in 1907, on the right bank of the Pärnu River , has not survived. Its capacity was inadequate and just four years later had to build a new power plant. This building still stands today...". "It is particularly interesting that once held two submarine cable across the river Pärnu, as the network of street lighting was on one side, and the power plant - on the other".
1915, the commandant of the city Rodzyanko gave the order to blow up a number of industries and power station, too. In Estonia, the use of electricity began in 1882 at the Manufactory of Kreenholm, but the first public power - 108 or 100 kW and 220 V - launched November 2, 1907 in Pärnu. The first industrial power plant was built at the Kunda cement factory in 1893.

Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961 in Germany, graduated from Wismar Polytechnical School as certified engineer, 1913 lived in LEHOLA.
Designed and built Estonian first electric power plant to Aru bog, on rented land from Kunda manor and the first high-voltage line 15 kV between different areas, which on 18 Oct. 1918 brought electricity to Rakvere. 1919 - 1939 was living in Tallinn. 1939 emigrated to Germany.

Kunda in Kirchspiel Maholm, Viru-Nigula Parish in Virumaa County, at present the Kunda Municipality in Lääne-Virumaa County. Viru-Nigula Parish - 25 km east-north of Rakvere, 13 km south-east of Kunda. "At the end of 1860s the owner of Kunda Manor John Girard de Soucanton became interested in the possibility of producing cement. Since 1893 steam engines were used for mining raw material, and a hydroelectric power station was completed at the same time (the first in all Estonia)". Gustav John Edmund Baron Girard de Soucanton, from Selgs b. 1863 in Kunda. His wife Sophie Eleonore (Ellinor) Girard de Soucanton (von Rosenbach). His grandfather from Reval, Johann Carl Baron Girard de Soucanton b. 1785. The Girard family was originally from the French countryside Languedoc - Roussillon.

Bliebernicht Johann Eduard began producing beer in 1869. He was bought in Pärnu a mechanical plant. In 1910 introduced the first electric motors.

1899 founded in Tallinn, electric motors and generators manufacturing factory 'Volta'. The first power plant was built in factories, for example in Narva, Kunda cement factory, a train factory in Tallinn, Pärnu in 1907. Followed by Tartu, Viljandi, Valga and Voru city. In 1907 the first public power station was opened in Estonia and Pärnu was the first city in the whole of Russia, where the streets had light bulbs. The generator operated the steam engine and the electric went to city street lighting. The Pärnu plant was ready in 1907; because it would have been cheaper to use coal to heat the plant, in 1910 this plant has been rebuilt and expanded.

Carl Wilhelm Luther born 1859 in Tallinn, d. 1903 in Berlin, as a son of the German Baltic merchant and entrepreneur Alexander Martin Luther (1810-1876) and his wife Henriette Caroline Steding (1825-1905). Carl's older brother was the entrepreneur Christian Wilhelm Luther (1857-1914), Carl Wilhelm Luther concluded in 1885, the Polytechnic of the Livonian capital Riga in mechanical engineering, working in St. Petersburg, and next he returned to Estonia; Carl was the technical director of the wood and furniture company; there were a power station, a drying system for wood; 1898, the company was the joint stock company, technical director Carl Wilhelm Luther; introduced aircraft, automobile and railway parts. In London, the export company Venesta in 1897 was founded, which had the sole distribution rights of the products in the British Empire; Christian and Carl Luther in April 1899 founded the Volta factory in Tallinn, which focused on the manufacture of electric motors and generators for the Russian market; he held the post of Director of the corporation (see Schaub). Both brothers attended the World's Fair in 1900 in Paris. Carl Wilhelm Luther was son of Alexander Martin Luther and Henriette Caroline Luther, and was husband of Sidney Frances; he was father of Winifred Luther, by Ilmar Raudmägi. Alexander Martin Luther b. 1810 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Christian II Wilhelm Luther and Johanna Amalie Amalie. Brother of Gerdruta Carolina Paulsen; Auguste Charlotte Luther; Catharina Henriette Luther; Helene Amalie Luther; Johann Christian Luther; Leopold Luther; Moritz Wilhelm Luther and Ferdinand Wilhelm Luther, by Lasse Söderström, Raul Kalev, Epp Ehasalu. Above mentioned Johanna Amalie Amalie Luther nee Gebauer b. 1774; daughter of Johann David Gebauer, II. Above Christian II Wilhelm Luther b. 1774 in Tallinn, Harju. Son of Georg Christian Luther, II and Maria Helene. Copyright by Lasse Söderström and Ehasalu. Above Georg Christian Luther, II was born 1717 in Breslau / Wrocław, Poland.

In Viljandi in 1900 'Viljandi Telephone Company' started; A. Rosenberg houses had got electric light in 1902 from a power station commissioned by Volta factory. In 1910 the 'Inthal & Co.' power station to get electric lights downtown businesses, the first permanent cinema and residential houses in Viljandi. 1912 the city constructed a new power plant.

On the Hacker or Hakker family from Estonia:
Hacker / Hakker / Kotri Hangelaid or Gottfried Hacker or Hakker b. 1887 d. 1961; his son Gert Hacker / Hangelaid; his brother Hugo Wilhelm Eduard Hacker b. 1884; his father Wilhelm Hacker b. 1852, grandfather (Szymon) Siim Hacker b. 1817. About above named Gottfried Hacker or Hakker: engineer, Wismar Polytechnic 1909 - 1913, Lehola / Leola 1913, Kunda 1918.
Gottfried Hacker or Hakker was living in Harjumaa, Lehola / Leola in 1913.
About above Siim Hacker b. 1817; his sons: Constantin Johann Hacker b. 1859 d. on February 28, 1926 in Keila - Keila town is 5 km north-east of Lehola, Harju County, and Keila is west of Saku; Gustav Hacker b. 1854 Hiiumaa - island, west of Haapsalu, died on September 28, 1917 in Tallinn, Harjumaa (his daughter Olga-Pauline Hacker b. 1876 d. 1877).

Lehola:
here was born in 1740 Christian Wilhelm / Христиан Вильгельм Гернет died ca 1819, born in Lehhola / Lehola as above, Estonia - and his sons:
1. Hans Moritz von Gernet born 1775 died 1860 (his son Adam Oskar von Gernet 1834 in Reval - 1908 in Reval - and his son: Moritz Nikolai Oswald von Gernet born 1867 Sallenstad - d. ?) and 2. Otto Heinrich von Gernet (1780 Reval - 1848) and 3. Frederick Wilhelm / Fridrich Wilhelm / Фридрих Вильгельм Гернет born 1783 died 1857; and next son born in 1747 Karl Gustaw von Gernet / Карл Густав Гернет (Carl Gustav von Gernet born in Waikna and died 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola, Estonia with son Karl Iogann / Carl Iohan von Gernet - Waikna / Vaikna that is support manor of Koluvere manor, Kullamaa Parish in Läänemaa County; 38 km east of Haapsalu and also east of Kiideva, north-west-north of Parnu, 70 km circa.
Sophia nee Armand was the daughter of Ivan Armand from his second marriage and was born c. 1830, she was granddaughter of Paul that is Pavel. She married a Swede from Estonia - Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker among others from Lehola) about 1850. No data about this Swede but this family gone from Estland / Eesti / Estonia. From this marriage was the oldest Maria Osipovna that is daughter of Osip / Joseph. She was born about 1851. The second child was 12 years later, and was born about 1863 - Sophia Osipovna. And about 1864 Alexandr son. When their parents died c. 1866, a guardian was appointed - uncle Evgeny 'second'. He put children in his office in the Old Square and Evgeny hired a governess for the children about 1867.
Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan Armand and his first wife Elizabeth Osipovna (born 1788, died 1817) called Sabina, and the second wife was Marie Barbe, born Kolinon (1780 - 1872) who had a daughter Sophia, later married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hekke / Joseph Hekke (Hacker or Hakker from Estonia, but roots from Sweden or Sverige?!) about 1850. The COLLIGNON family in France was living in Lorraine 1835 (Meuse), Ile-de-France 1725, and in Russia 1858, in St Petersburg.

In 1912 released the first high-frequency machine for wireless telegraphy and telephony by Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company.


When the First World War broke out, JSC 'Deca' has received a loan to expand aircraft production under the production of airplanes and engines, from domestic materials. But space, material and manpower resources to carry out new plans in the Russian capital was not enough, and we had to consider options for building a new plant in the province. Among them was a small town Aleksandrovsk in Ekaterinoslav province (Copyright 2006 - 2011 by 'Science & Technology', No 10 (53), 2010).
The third company in Russia in terms of the electronic products supply. 

We manufactured an electrical accessory and magnetos for aero engines in the  beginning of  the First world war. A SwissFrench share (since 1904) of DEKA Joint Stock Society with brand name  "Duflon in  St  Petersburg manufactured electric accessory for naval fleet of Russian army, but also  for other defensive enterprises. The Russian - Japanese war in 1904 - 05 and the First world war were  with the best years, according to http://konkretno.ru/  and shareholders had taken up the advantage of  this prosperity. Total employees rose over 3 times only in "Duflon" proper in heyday 1914 - 1916, and  the production - 6 times. The factory manufactured radio sets and broadcasting stations (see about the  Boncz  Brujewicz  family), engines for automobiles and for planes. The "Duflon" had opened a branch in  Aleksandrovsk  / Zaporozhye that later on manufactured the "Zaporozhets" cars in "Zaporozhskiy  Avtomobilnyi Zavod" (Auto Works of Zaporozhye in Ukraine)!

1915 

DEKA JSC in December 1915 bought buildings and equipment in a town   Aleksandrovsk  in order to changeover of activity. 

During the First World War the firm DECA was one of the best electrical companies in the country, was equipped with American equipment and have trained engineers, technicians and production staff. For 1914 - 1917 value of the new equipment has increased from 473 thousand to 2.5 million rubles; in 1897 one ruble = 0.774 grams gold. 

The monthly production volume in July 1914 to December 1916 increased by 6 times.

On 24 October 1917 value belonging to the plant property, plant and equipment was estimated at 5.5 million rubles

To 1917 plant was a wide-venture and had 6 major divisions: the ship and shore-based tower systems, searchlight, aviation, mechanical, magneto and telegraph technology, in which there were 17 workshops (a searchlight or spotlight is an apparatus that combines a bright light source with some form of curved reflector or other optics to project a powerful beam of light ... By 1907 it was using to assist attacks against torpedo boats, enemy ships at greater distances, were also used by battleships and were installed on many coastal artillery batteries). 

DECA paid good dividends on the market in 1913: 500-ruble share of the Company was assessed at the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange at 850 rubles

The capital of 750 thousand rubles as 1500 registered shares by 500 rubles, only in 1903 had given net profit totaled 62.1 thousand rubles. In 1913, fixed capital - 1.5 mln rubles, that is 1500 shares at 500 rubles and 7500 shares at 100 rubles; balance - 4.181.995 rubles; dividend - 12 % per share for 500 rubles and 3 rubles 12 kopeek per share for 100 rubles.

From June 1901 to October 1917 Joint-stock company 'Deca' has received about 3.5 million rubles net profit.

In June 1918 the company was nationalized. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Petersburg - the number of workers in 1900 - 1910 year: 170 and in 1911 - 1917: 250 or in January 1905 - 179 workers; in January 1914 - 240; 1917 - more than 820. The factory produced an electro-mechanical equipment for the Navy of Russia.
Around the same time, i.e. in the summer of 1915, Joint Stock Company 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' (or 'Deca') offered an airplane with a bullet with 'a four-sided feathers'. The bullet was cast from solid lead alloy, the stabilizer was made of tin. Bullets 'with feathers sided' with the other models under the guidance of Professor Zhukovsky were purged in the aerodynamic laboratory of the Imperial Moscow Technical School and received the highest rating-known scientist. The bullet 'Deka' or 'DK' has the best aerodynamic performance. In the end, that since the end of 1915 the company 'Syromyatnikov, Ovchinnikov, Shatsky & Co.' and JSC 'Duflon, Konstantynowicz & Co.' became the main suppliers of such weapons for the Russian Army, launching a large-scale enterprises in their production. Bullets, 'DK' have been designed so well that no change had existed prior to the 20s of the 20th cent., survived war and civil war. The tests took place in this time showed complete failure of an engineer V. V. Dybovsky / W. Dybowski design of bullets and a bullets from foundry of E. E. Novitsky / E. Nowicki.

Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and 'НиТ' / 'Nauka i Technika', 8 (75), 2012 by Мороз С. Г. / Moroz S. G.

"...Our magazine printed articles about the world's first heavy bomber 'Ilya Muromets'. ... more recently the editors received archival documents that shown new light on some of the events of World War I on the unique heavy airplane of Sikorsky and enterprises of JSC 'Motor Sich', which was called in those days 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co. / Дюфлон, Константинович...', or abbreviated DECA. These materials have been provided courtesy of the Museum of the plant 'Motor Sich'... Such opportunities have factory 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.'. By the time the plant passed the reorganization and was named 'Company of electromechanical structures', but the old mark of DECA continued to be used, as has been widely known for about twenty years. Its managing director Peter P. Azbelev signed on September 9, 1915 contract with the military-technical management, taking the following commitments:
'1. Reference samples ... and the exact basis of general conditions and the annexed lists, and specifications that will be subsequently given to the Company by the Chief Military-technical management, manufacture and deliver ... a) one hundred types of Benz motors 150 HP at 16,200 rubles for the motor, and b) one hundred sets of spare parts for 1,570 rubles per set, and c) twenty additional kits to them / 12 / 15.250 per set, and d) twenty five engines like Mercedes 100-150 HP at 11,340 rubles for the engine, and e) twenty five complete sets of spare parts in 1500 per set, and e) five additional sets to them 14,000 rubles per set, and the total amount of two million four hundred and seventy three thousand (2.473.000) rubles.
2) Testing of engines produced by the supplier according to the rules that will be given to the public by the Office.
3) The company shall manufacture the aforesaid engines and spare parts for Russian factories and present at the factories for inspection and examination of the selection committee: motors of 150 HP, the first five engines and five sets of spare parts and an extra set of spare parts after ten months of the issuance to the Company of the sample, while the remaining 150 HP engines and sets of spare parts for them ... in the next delivery for the first eight months (and) the last month of 11 motors and 14 sets of spare parts. Engines Mercedes by the 100-105 HP - the first one motor, a spare parts kit and one extra set of spare parts in ten months from the date the sample ...
4) On receipt of engines and spare parts supplier undertakes at its own expense sealing and delivering them to the central warehouse near by the aeronautical school, or at one of the railway stations in Petrograd as directed by the Engineering Department, as well as to send them - if you need - to (at no extra cost to the Treasury) - on the proposals of the military department - a place as directed by the Engineering Department...'. Copyright by http://www.nt-magazine.ru/nt/node/7009 and журнал НиТ: №8(75), 2012 г.

The contract was signed from the War Department by the head of the Technical Department, Major General GVTU Bolotov.
Company Dyuflon and Konstantinovich possessed relatively large and well-equipped production facilities, in addition having major plants in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and several more branches in major provincial centers of the Russian Empire, but they were loaded with military production, and had no opportunity to place another order ... requiring the development of two new products. In search of the site for the new production ..., called attention to the company of brothers Moznaim in Alexandrovsk in Ukraine (now a city of Zaporozhye). His owners could not find the military orders... Case the brothers were not going well ... and soon the plant changed owner. On the organization a motor branch of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' in Alexandrovsk and the modernization of the company told the 'S & T' / 'Nauka i Technika' number of January 2011 ... We remind the reader only two dates in the history of the company in December 1915 signed a bill of sale, and in April 1916, had already been built new production buildings with modern - purchased in the U.S. and delivered through Archangel and Vladivostok - equipment. Next were built and other buildings, as well as construction, the specifics of which was related to the future profile of the company. ... began testing station, a large building with a spacious stand, necessary utilities, electric lighting and ventilation. Following the expansion of the plant is the largest enterprise in Russia ... and one of the best equipment ...
The first five-row six-cylinder engines, 'DECA' M-100 with parts and an additional set had to pass by the end of August 1916. It was very difficult: the German construction 'did not fit' with either adopted our technology ... or with the ... Russian and American machines. It was necessary to understand the materials used by German designer and pick up a replacement of domestic production ... the effort to 'adapt' engine 'Mercedes' to our manufacturing taken engineer Vorobyov, and the development of more powerful 'Benz' ... engineer Kireev. ... but the first step has been taken - and in August 1916 the motor 'DECA' M-100 was presented to the control tests. Major General Pniewski reported in St. Petersburg: '...the first engine made entirely of Russian materials, was set in motion and gave satisfactory results'. The plant began to implement the agreement in full. So, the issue of engines was started.
And although by the time the Office of Air Force managed to establish some order to force manufacturers to make this airplane, according to their calculation, the production of the aircraft has failed. And in the following events in 1917, ... you can not find the information in the documents on what engines from Alexandrovsk were to installed to particular variety of aircraft "Ilya Muromets". ... In addition, the well-known book of V. B. Shavrov 'History of aircraft design in the USSR until 1938', states that the motor 'deka' (in the book it is called the M-101) was installed on the aircraft, 'Lebed XI'.
In 1917 began the turbulent events ... All year management and staff of the Alexandrov factory DEKA did everything possible to continue production of engines and save the company ... but 'Company' could no longer exist (after November 1917) in the same form and on December 24, 1917 the company was terminated / adjourned. Although less than a month, the Soviet government decree that plant was nationalized (January 1918), the Company under the circumstances was unable to work...".

1916 -  1917   

   
The Deka built up the military manufactory of aeroengines in a town
 Aleksandrovsk 
(i.e. in Zaporozh'e either Zaporoze or Zaporizhzhya / Zaporozhye) in 1916. The Stavka (Supreme High Command of the Russian Military)  and  Russian military intelligence was interested in such experimental production with advanced  technology in actuality and this headquarters laid down actual line of research into the Deka mechanical  powers for  aircraft, e.g.  general P. W. Pniewski ordered to enforce norms of special steel for aeroengines in  Petrograd at the end  of 1916.  Copyright by Техника - молодёжи 2007-10, страница 31
   The "Main war - technical board" under
W. A. Semkowski concluded a big contract with joint stock  company of electrical firms (i.e. particular, separate businesses from Duflon / Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.  abbreviated as  DEKA) from Petrograd on 01 February 1916 in order to construct in the plant of DEKA two experimental aircrafts of professor
Gheorghe Botezat 
by 01 or 20 October 1917 (with aeroengine "Renault" and  with a gyroscope  - wheel which, when spinning fast, keeps steady the object in which it is fixed - the first automatic pilot) but  the professor  has been gone abroad earlier.
   The
stock society DEKA received twice considerable government  subsidies on research & development in 1916 but the magnetos to aero engines produced here continuously in co-operation with the Petrograd  Polytechnic Institute (magneto i.e. electric apparatus for producing sparks in the ignition system of an internal combustion  engine). Copyright by Роман Гусаров Roman Gusarow and Жаннa Храмченко Zanna Chramczenko And it was soon built the section of aero engines in Zaporozhye = Zaporizhzhya under the general chief N. R. Brilling; an area of the factory had got 39 millions m² according to "History of building airplanes  in the  USSR" by B. V. Shavrov of 1985. In 1915, 'Deca' bought the plant of Moznaimov brothers and rebuild it under the issue of internal combustion engines and in particular - aviation; the first contract with the Government for an engine type '100' and 20 engines type Benz - Mercedes. The Mersedes (i.e. Mercedes) aero engines manufactured here in the  second half of  1916 and expected 10 - 15 engines monthly (e.g. the Mercedes - type 100 hp from DEKA factory and  "Deka M-100" in Zaporozh'e as early as 28 September 1916, at a later date DEKA 166/168/170 hp and it were produced here  ten aero engines   DEKA 129 hp with six cylinders monthly in the end of 1916, and DEKA M-170 hp in 1917; extra the "Benz"  and "Mercedes"   aero engines manufactured here also in 1917; the DEKA Company learned production of the piston engines  since September 1916: M-6, M-11, M-22, M-85, M-86, M-87, M-88, Ash-87FN, Ash-62JR
, often superior  and better than foreign engines
).  
   Major General
Pniewski said in parliament about the DEKA company in  November 1916: "This is the first aeroengine as a whole from the Russian materials of experimental line of 5 pieces by 100 hp". The day of complete success - DEKA M-100, the first Russian six-cylinder water cooled engine constructed on 15 / 28 September 1916. This date can be regarded as the birthday of Russian domestic air industry; before 1916 Russia only imported aircraft engines.

So incompetent paralleled researches into the Mercedes engines conducted Anthony Fokker in Germany who was from  Holland and Heinrich Focke b. 1890. About details and photos of the MERCEDES aviation engines or on the  Mercedes-Daimler Motorengesellschaft from Stuttgart-Unterturkheim, see: "Jane's fighting Aircraft of World War I", by John  W. R. Taylor, England 1919 and London 1990 ("Studio Editions").  


The War Department wants to procure large quantities an airplane's bullets and even in 1917 our Joint-stock company 'Deka' was commissioned 400 thousand 'bullets, to shoot from airplanes' but the plant in July passed this order the army.

At present in 2007 "LSR Group planned to open 3 new first class business-centers. Electric City business centre of 340 thousand square metres was designed by architects Sergey Choban and Evgeny Gerasimov in 10, Copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/Medikov Prospect in St Petersburg, in the historic building of 'Duflon, Konstantinovich and Co' plant - 'Electric plant'. ... LSR Group founded in 1993, LSR Group is one of the leading real estate development, construction and building materials companies in Russia". Under copyright by Кирилл Н. Кравченко, http://kirill-kravchenko.narod.ru/

 I  will take pains to collect information on all and  somebody who reads  need to know about.  You don't need to thank me; I'm happy to help whenever I can. I think that we are all  agreed in this matter, and therefore there needs no more words about it..  

'Omsk Engine-Building Production Associationoriginates from the plant in Alexandrovsk /  Zaporizhia, a joint stock company 'Deka' and produces aviation piston engines of foreign models. Was restored in 1920. 


"The area covered by brick-made production buildings of this factory exceeded any of then available engine works in the tsarist Russia and it   was equipped as one of the best; the Mercedes-type 100 hp single-row water-cooled  six-cylinder  engine assembled here in September 1916 and designated Deka M-100 became the firstling of the  company; the date of its manufacture was accepted as the birthday of the Company (i.e. in Zaporozh'e =   Aleksandrovsk or Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya); later on the engine power has been increased to 129 hp and  then to 168 hp due to efforts of Deka experts who managed to do this" (quotation from Vyacheslav   Boguslayev, Chairman of Board and Director General Motor Sich JSC of 2001; this quotation without the Author's  written permission, so see: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/motor-sich.htm); the engine was  installed to power several modifications of four-engine "Ilya Muromets" aircraft (with the Argus engine  too; for the first time attempted to produce "Benz" and "Argus" engines in the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works that  evacuated from Riga to Petersburg in 1915 but 10 months waited for steel in 1915/16; more than 70 military versions of  the "Ilia Mourometz" were built for use as bombers within 1913 - 1917; in all, 75 bombers were delivered, and roughly half of them saw combat; twenty similar airplanes had  been produced in 1916 and five built in September 1916 were not noticed by military command - were probably with engines of experimental line of 5  pieces Deka M-100; 15 March 1916 the 1st Aero Squadron begins operations) developed by the famous Polish aircraft designers Igor I.  Sikorsky and  his collaborator eng. Witold Jarkowski; outliving the fires of Civil War - sequestration by the Bolshevik authorities in January  1918 - "the  factory has commenced to repair and then to manufacture the parts for Renault aircraft engines" after 1921.   The section of aero engines in  Zaporozhye =  Zaporizhzhya employed as workers for years: in 1916 - 191 employees, 1917 - 420, and at the beginning of 1918 - 416 persons.  

   Завод ''Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко.' 1914  арх. М. М. Чижов, Улица Академика Павлова, 8; проспект Медиков, 3.

   Employees of ours

Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling
elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either  Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918.
 Brilling i.e. Briling; Russian, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after  completion  of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's  "Iskra", 1907 doctor in field of engines, 1908 - 1915 professor of the Moscow Polytechnic and chief of a special engine lab here, 1911 wrote thesis about internal combustion engines;  Zaporoze, DEKA Company - Copyright by Двигатель №4 (58) 2008 г_ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ОАО МОТОР СИЧ

"
the Soviet Council of Labor and Defense issued instructions for the creation of a Commission for Organization of the Design of the Aerosled = KOMPAS in 1919, and the membership of the commission included such leading designers as N. E. Zhukovskiy - its scientific director and N. R. Briling, who  was  selected (according to  Valeriy Potapov; this quotation without the Author's written permission) as director of KOMPAS - it was Briling  himself who had laid the foundation for aerosled design shortly before World War I  in 1912 - mass production of  transport aerosleds was begun in the Russo-Balt i.e. Russian-Baltic Plant in Tsarist Russia". The 'DEKA' company gave work and bread for many future communists:
Antyuhin Fokich Ivan (1894-1938), Mavrin I. F., A.I. Ionov, Michail Georgievich Belov (1881-1936), Skorokhodov Kastorovich Alexander (1880-1919), Sutkevich Pavel Antonovich (1871 - 1919) and Alexander Alexeyev Yemelyanovich in St. Petersburg - then become a draftsman, designer, and finally, an assistant manager at the plant 'Duflon'.


Wladymir Jakowlewicz Klimow
 
after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic in 1917 worked as trainee in DEKA factory in  Zaporozhye, he designed a certain aero engine of his own here in 1917 and received an award at professor N. R. Brilling's  hands (Klimow i.e. Klimov; Russian, b. 1892, main constructor of the Soviet aeroengines since 1935). 

In August 1916 was a test of the first aircraft engine 'DECA M-100'. Inline six-cylinder water cooling, such as 'Mercedes'. His drawings created under the direction of engineer Vorobyov from
Alexandrovsk / Zaporozhye Plant of St. Petersburg stock company Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co., abbreviated as DECA but "in this study involved a student of the Moscow higher Imperial Technical School - Vladimir Klimov - the future chief designer of engines 'VC', founder of the OKB-117 (now JSC 'Klimov', Saint Petersburg), which took place at the time as the factory practice".
 
  


Bedrich  Urban  

(born 1880, d. 1940?)  

signed on with the Konstantynowiczs in year 1908 and he worked for  "Duflon & Konstantynowicz" 1908 - 1911 in St Petersburg.

Urban has got experience from "Tallinn Volta" 1904 - 1908.

Bedrich Urban was  engineer  constructor  and after

1911 - 1918 worked for Siemens - Schuckert  factory in St Petersburg

as  director manager according to Rain  Vaikla. 1918 came back to Estonia and he was owner of the 'Bureau Ins. B. Urban & Co.' for technical products and metal products business, tools, engines, steam engines, turbines and Skoda car factory representation in Estonia. 'Siemens-Halske' played a key role in the formation of the St. Petersburg electrotechnical industry before the First Warld War but in this city were other businesses: 'Universal Company of Electricity', 'United Cable Plants', 'Schuckert and Co.', 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', 'Society battery factories Tudor'. From 1898 'Plant of dynamos Siemens-Schuckert' and in 1895, Erickson launched the company 'NK Geisler and Co.', which has American roots. 'Glebov plant' really was the only Russian electromechanical company in Petersburg. All the rest were foreigners, mainly British and Germans but however, one plant was with mixed capital: 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' so-called 'Deca', but it was mainly French. 

http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Copyright by Encyclopedia of Russian merchants: Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company

According to JOHN SPARGO an  author  of   "RUSSIA  AS AN AMERICAN PROBLEM", ed. NEW YORK  and LONDON  in 1920 by Harper  & Brothers

"The four  principal  manufacturers of electrical machinery in Russia were   Siemens - Schuckert, General Electric  Company,  Siemens &  Halske, and Duflon,   Konstantynowicz & Co. These companies  made  practically all the generators and transformers   produced in  Russia, the first two companies  named  producing two-thirds of the whole. Of the four  companies named three were simply Russian  branches  of  German concerns, the  last   named, the   Duflon-Konstantynowicz firm, being French. These  factories were quite unable to meet the demand for   generators,  transformers and  other electrical   machinery even before the war".

Russian aircraft factories in the Russian Empire in 1915:

1. Rusian - Baltic Plant (RBVZ): departments of aviation in Riga and St. Petersburg. In 1910 Sikorsky built C6, C10, C12, C22. 2. Zavod 1st All-Russian Association of aeronautics (Shchetinin). 3. 'The aeronautics company (Lebedev, from 1913 to Petrograd). 4. Zavod V. Slyusarenko, 1912 Riga, Bleriot aircraft. 5. Fabrika A. A. Porohovschikova, Petrograd in 1914. 6. Company 'Dux' since 1910 aircraft Farman, Voisin, Deperdyussen. 7. Aviatsionny plant F. F. Mosca. 8. Masterskaya I. I. Steglau in 1911 Petrograd. 9. Zavod A. A. Anatra 1913, Odessa, Simferopol. 10. Company Mathias, from 1914 Berdyansk, the Schütte-Lanz airships. 11. 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', Aleksandrovsk in the Ekaterinoslav province, the Argus engines for sale under license. 12. Russian factories Daimler. According to: P. D. Duz, 'The history of aeronautics and aviation in Russia': 1. Russian-Baltic Shipyard (RBVZ) manufactured liquid-cooled engine capacity of 166 liters; RBVZ type-6 Argus have been designed by RBVZ in Riga. The evacuation to Petrograd loss of skilled personnel, equipment and system of production and finance. 2. Plant 'Motor': in the summer of 1915 from Riga to Moscow was evacuated the plant of 'Motor' association which already had experience in building of rotating engines. 3. JSCompany of P. Ilin; producing of engines to cars was involved in workshops of the Ilin company in Moscow. 4. the aviation company in Simferopol; it was created as a branch of the Aviation Plant A. Anatar located in Odessa by the beginning of 1917. 5. Deka in Zaporoze / Aleksandrowsk / Alexandrowsk. 6. In Rostov-on-Don was the Agricultural Machinery Plant 'Aksai' began to create the aviation department and has received an order for monthly production of 30 engines of the 'Mercedes'; 7. and many related industries as Singer in Podolsk.  

Comment on Gheorghe Botezat  

Gheorghe Botezat either doctor George, Geogrij, Georges A. de Bothezat or Georg A. Botezat, Botezatu, was born in Iasi i.e. Jassy in Romania 1883 or 1882 - died in Dayton, Ohio in USA 1940 (photo from http://www.hill.af.mil/museum below). Botezat learnt in Sereth, next graduating in 1908 at Kharkiv Institute of Technology, and two years of study at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1911, was a doctor in field of aviation; a Russian  aeronautical engineer and  mathematician; professor of the  Petrograd Polytechnic  Institute in the beginning of the First world war; worked for DEKA in  Petrograd / St  Petersburg 1914 -  1917 and next he stayed in Iasi at the  turn  of 1918; Copyright by Bogdan Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Prof. Bothezat from Romania.wrote (1918) letter and report "General Theory of  the  Screw" (air-screw i.e. propeller of an aircraft); at a later date he wrote off to Subcommittee on Buildings, Laboratories and Equipments in  Feb. 1919 and ( by http://avia.russian.ee/vertigo/bothezat-r.html ) the US  Army Air Corps awarded a contract in January 1921 to Dr. George  de  Bothezat and Ivan Jerome (i.e. Eremeeff, Jeromiejew or Jerome - after a  millionaire   inventor from Long Island and next owner of the Massapequa Farmers Market, the 59-year old Jerome was arrested in 1955, freed on $100,000 bond, he  jumped bail and disappeared; there were reports he had been   seen everywhere from Russia to South America, but he was never found; by   http://www.newsday.com/extras/lihistory) to develop a vertical flight  machine; this helicopter, designated the Engineering Division H-1  and designed by George De Bothezat and Ivan (Eremeeff) Jerome,  made its first public flight on December 18, 1922; George de  Bothezat's Army Helicopter Number 1, nicknamed "The Flying  Octopus", possessed 1 x the 180 hp Le Rhone radial engine (Rhone 134 kW).
Copyright by http://www.okipr.ru/encyk/view/236 Документальные источники: Duflon and Konstantinovich Company


Count Albert R. de Gern / Albert Gernet ? / де Герн граф Альберт Романович Earl, member of the Russian-French Chamber of Commerce, Board Member: The Russian-French Commercial Bank and the Society of the Bryansk factories; the secretary of French society 'Russian Mining and Metallurgical Union', the French agent in Russia, and member of the board of 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company. His neighbours at I. Lidvall / Lidval house in 1912 - 1916 in St Petersburg: G. Bunge, a retired engineer, member of Russian locomotive and mechanical plant in Kharkov, Management Board of Russian-Belgian Metallurgical Society; M. Weiss, the daughter of Vice Admiral, Grotkus Anna von Erne baroness and Grube, Ernest Charles, the Discount and Loan Bank of Persia - Chairman, Board of Siberian Commercial Bank in St. Petersburg, Committee of the Sisters of Mercy of the Red Cross in 1912; Ramseyer ? / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. / Ramsayer, gentleman, office in the Ministry of Imperial Court.
After Revolution the family of Gern (von Gernet?) stayed in the St. Cloud in France. Even in St. Petersburg, Lina de Gern was acquaintance of Anna Pavlovna Pavlova second, a dancer of Russian ballet. Youngest son Nicholas, Frenchman was released from the Marine Corps in the spring of 1917 with the rank of warrant officer and was assigned to the cruiser. The Minister of Marine, Grigorovich has sent him in fall of 1917 to America on charges of ordering new ships. In New York he fell in love with some actress and decided to marry her. In 1918, shot himself. The eldest son Sergei, from post-war Paris, in 1920 went to America. They all were Catholic. Count de Gern for a long time was married to the daughter of the Marquis de Segur, and the Catholic Church does not recognize divorce; the count went to the family estate in the north of France. The consequence of loss of personal funds was that the Count appeared in St. Petersburg as a representative of the French capital invested in the steel factory Makeyevka in southern Russia. De Gern on August 19, 1906 second time married, lived close to Kozelsk and in St. Petersburg. Acquaintance of the Gern family: the family of Zapolsky, Sergei N. Aksakov with son of Boris and daughter Xenia, Peter V. Blokhin and Princess Nadezhda Vyazemskaya from Mogilev, Alexei Nikolayevich Yergolsky from a estate south of Kozelsk.

M. S. Sitnikov employees of ours. 

Nikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik born 1888, was a Russian politician and employees of ours - 1902.
CHARLE Masson Ph. / son of Philiberte / Philibert Masson was Vice - Chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg (then L. L. Nobel succeed him) and a member of the Board of Nabpolts (Moscow). Nobel L. L. (descendant of Ludvig and Edla Nobel: Ludvig Alfred Lullu Nobel, 1874 - 1935) - hereditary honorable citizen, Director of the Company 'Gear-Tsitroen' (Citroen) and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and a machine factory of Company 'Ludvig Nobel'.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'. Also: W. W. Kiriejew engineer in Aleksandrowsk (Benz engines) and
Alexander Medvedev born 1900, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs BASSR - he began his career in 1913 at 'Dyuflon' in St. Petersburg. Zhurnollo L. A. (Dziurnollo?), engineer and commerce adviser, factory director and board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', a board member of the Society of Tver city railway. Mr Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen and friend of Drzewiecki. And from the Tomsk Province Basil Bunkov since 1915 in St Petersburg


Valentin Petrovich Vologdin
1881 - 1953.
According to Jan Schneiberg / Ian Shneyberg: "Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was born 1881. His father, Piotr A. Vologdin worked as a mining superintendent of the Kuva Metallurgical Plant. ... After moving this family to Perm, Valentin ... enrolled in 1892 to Perm real school. ... In 1900 he successfully passed the examinations to the Petersburg Institute of Technology. ... participated in the demonstrations of the revolutionary ... students. ... he was arrested ... Through the application of a professors of Technology Institute, he was enrolled in the engineering corps soldier ...". V. P. Vologdin began his work after return to St. Petersburg. His real activity began in 1910 in the field of the construction of Russian-built generators for radio communications. "V. P. Vologdin created several original designs, the first of which was built in 1912 for naval stations. ... in 1912, has developed its own ... radiogenerator ... to the naval radio station, manufactured by the factory of Glebov. A year later, in 1913, Vologdin creates a more powerful machine (6 kW at a frequency 20 kHz), which was used for radiotelephone between crests and the main port of Admiralty in St. Petersburg at a distance of 5 km". He worked for the French - Russian plant in 1912 - 1918, now part of the Admiralty shipyard, the plant  “Duflon & Konstantinovich” (Deka)
he designed a certain generator at the plant Electrik (former Deka) in St. Petersburg, and also an high frequency alternator for radio engineering purposes in Russia, with 2 kW, 60 kHz for the Navy and planned to work on much larger machines for radio stations and (1915) on heavy aircraft Ilya Murometz by Igor I. SikorskiIgor Sikorsky airplane with co-operation of DEKA.Prof. Valentin Petrovich Vologdin played an outstanding role in radio engineering and electrotechnology. "V. P. Vologdin becomes head of the technical bureau at the plant 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz' near by St. Petersburg. The company produced the high-power generators, which were cheaper than foreign and reliable in operation. ... representatives of foreign firms invited him to work, but he rejected all the proposals and wants to create own research laboratory. During the ... war ... Valentin Petrovich was already working as technical director, produced not only high-frequency machine radios, and generators for airplanes, different equipment for military installations". "He played a special role in the development of the Russian radio industry initially as an expert in power conversion technique and then as one of its organizers. Vologdin is also a pioneer of high frequency electrotechnology" (see: research by Vladimir I. Roginskii, published in 1981, Leningrad). Valentin Petrovich Vologdin was the founder of the industrial use of  high-frequency current technology including shipbuilding, with Michail Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich), the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia.

In 1918, Valentin Petrovich Vologdin in Lower Novgorod set up scientific Electrotechnical Laboratory to create radio Science Center, founded the summer of 1918. He has built two transmitters spark station at Tsarskoe Selo and Khodynskoe field in Moscow together with M. Bonch-Bruevich, creator of the world's first electronic tube generator with a copper anode, cooled water.

Azbelev Peter P. , b. Febr. the 27, 1868 in Vologda, died after 1927, the Soviet Union. From the hereditary nobility. A retired major-general of the Russian fleet and when the first Russian ocean armored cruiser 'Dmitriy Donskoy' carried out investigations off the coast of the Korean Peninsula in 1896, the crew of the cruiser gave names to islands, capes and bays in honor of the members of the crew: P. P. Azbelev, A. A. Bek-Dzhevagirov, G. I. Butakov, Vitgeft, Gildebrandt, Govorlivyy, Dundukov-Korsakov, G. S. Zavoyko, Semenov V. I. and Shtorre. We can to see familiar names given by the Russian sailors on German maps of Korea published in 1904, according to Nikolai Komedchikov of the Russian Academy of Science. His father Paul B. Azbelev, d. after 1901, a retired Councillor of State, lived in St. Petersburg, Kolpino No 7. Brothers and sisters: Nicholas d. 1912, major-general of the Admiralty, Ivan b. 1862, died in Ekaterinburg 1931, Alexander d. 1913, Constantine b. 1895 died after 1920, Julia d. after 1913; wife Elizabeth F. d. after 1913, lived with her husband in St. Petersburg, Apothecary No 6. Son Paul b. 1900, St. Petersburg d. after 1932, arrested 1932. About the family of the above named Azbelev: 1. Azbelev, I. P., 'Yaponiya i Koreya', published by A. Levenson, Moscow, 1895, 276 pp. 2. Acc. to Yuan Tung-Li: Azbelev, Nikolai Pavlovich, d. 1912. P. P. Azbelev also was Director of the Electromechanical Plant of the Society 'Dyuflon,  Konstantynowicz and Company'; a board member of society 'Bahmutskiy salt'.

Armand Alexandr / Alexander E., hereditary honorable citizen and candidate for Board Member of the Association of woolen factory 'Eugene Armand and Sons'; a board member of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Armand Evgenii / Evgeny E., hereditary honorable citizen, counselor; chairman of the Board of the Association of woolen goods factory 'Eugene Armand and his sons'; chairman of the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company'. Von Gernet S. P., a nobleman, a retired captain and board member: the Company 'Bahmugskaya salt', the Society of electromechanical installations 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Company' and the Company of metallurgical, mechanical and shipbuilding plants 'Becker and Co.' Alexander Kastorovich Skorokhodov, a worker-Bolshevik, in Petrograd 1916 and he worked at the plant 'Dyuflon'.

Fedor Illarionovich Stupak - the history of creation and organization of production of the first Soviet vacuum tubes is going to Bonch-Bruevich and to the outstanding Soviet technologist F. I. Stupak; after moving to St Petersburg, 1896 he met Vologdin; in 1898 he was appointed to the plant manager and in 1911 to the position of chief engineer of the plant 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.' in St Petersburg (to 1916).
  
Pavel Antonovich Sutkiewicz son of Antoni Sutkiewicz. Born 8 / 20 September 1871 in Saratov, nobleman, the Roman-Catholic, Polish, died 24 August 1919. He left a lot of articles in 'Elektrichestvo', by Russian Imperial Technic Society. P. A. Sutkievich was living in Samara and in 1892 Odessa, and after 1892 studied at the St Petersburg Technical University, to 1897. Since 1897 worked for 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company' in Petersburg (office job), 1898 was living in Lower Novgorod. Acc. to A. G. Udincew.
Ian A. Berzin / Janis Berzinš b. November 29, 1890, died April 14, 1938. Soviet trade unionist. In 1915, Ian A. Berzin began working in the plant of General Electric Company. The First World War forced the government to evacuate some of the plants from Riga to Petrograd. Together with other workers, Jan Berzin goes to the Russian capital, Petrograd and to factories of Puzyrev, Dyuflon, Rakovitski, Geri, Siemens-Schuckert.

Cooperant of our factories 

Igor I. Sikorsky (or Sikorski) born 1889, he spent three years at the Naval College in St. Petersburg 1903 - 1906; Sikorsky's success  helped win him a job as head of the airplane division of the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works in Petersburg 1912 - 1917, that is where he  developed his first major new airplane design.  The R-BVZ manufactured trains, airplanes, engines and automobiles, and it was run by M. W.  Szydlowski, who had insight into the importance of aviation's future; the engineering and technical staff at the R-BVZ was expanded by  Sikorsky  who brought many of them along with him from Kiev; the first airplane built by Sikorsky and his staff at the R-BVZ was the S-6B  which was a modified version of the S-6A (by Carl Bobrow this quotation without the Author's written permission). In 1920 a business - company of 'Sikorsky - Ukraine', was half of state company, started to operate. 

1917

Comment on  Zaporozhye / Zaporizhzhya  

Announcement on autonomy of Ukraine in April 1917 and the first Declaration of   independence  by Ukraine on 20 November 1917 involved Zaporozhye but shortly assumption of power by the Soviets in January 1918. In 1918 the 'Deca' factory in Zaporozhye was nationalized and in 1923 was renamed on the 'State Aircraft Plant No 9 Bolshevik' - 1995 as JSC 'Motor Sich'. "The Peace of Bread"  concluded by Germany,  Austria - Hungary and  Turkey with the Ukraine:  acceptance of the Ukr. state on 09 February  1918, and Treaty of  Brest-Litovsk  on 03 Mar. 1918 recognized the Ukraine as ind. state and  thus the Austria -  Hungarys Army occupied Zaporozhye since April by November 1918, next Skoropadsky and the Ukrainian Directory since November 1918 by March 1919, general  Denikin since May  1919 by December 1919; general Vrangel by October 1920 and conquered  by the Red Army  then. 


Around that time many others the Polish in Russia were involved in studying flights 

1. eng. Theodor Kalep / Kalepa or Kalepas, Estonian by birth, in "Motor" works which evacuated from Riga to Moscow in 1915  (by  http://latvianaviation.com/Pioneers.html here constructed the first Soviet aeroengine in 1919),  
2.
Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski (1847 - d. 17 March 1921) called "the father of Russian aviation" wrote about stability of  motion and hydraulic shock in water pipe, one of the world first wind tunnel was built in 1902 at Moscow University under his  supervision and First Europe Aerodynamics Inst. was established in Kuchino in 1904,
3.
Stefan Drzewiecki (1844 - 1938) son of Karol, worked in Paris (here edited a handbook in 1916, and died in 1938) and  Petersburg. Drzewiecki met with Breguet - the engineer of 'Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz', company representative, Swiss citizen. The usual guests of Drzewiecki were brothers Paul and Peter Solomonovich Martynov, Dyuflon, botanist Professor Poirot, K. E. Makovsky, Serbian Prince Karageorgievich. Drzewiecki presented his theory in a detailed report of the Technical Society in April 1884 and published under the title 'The airplanes in under way, the theory of flight experience'. His parents were noble, an ancient clan of the Poles, who owned large estates in the province of Volhynia and a piece of land in Odessa, houses in Warsaw, and so his parents more part of living were in Paris, where he was educated at home and in Lycee St. Barbe.
4.
L. Z. Markowicz who edited handbook in St Petersburg in 1911/1913,  

5. major general P. W. Pniewski, chief of the Russian air force who kept  in touch with the Supreme High Command of the Russian Military  and chief officer of  the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" in 1916 (the Pniewski family of Rola  arms verified themselves in Kaunas  A.D. 1799: Maciej son of Stanislaw, and also in 1861: sons of brothers Augustyn and Stanislaw; Ignacy Pniewski son of  Szymon possessed Tarucie estate in the  Kaunas government in 1889)

6. W. F. Adamienko, owner of an air factory in Moscow,  

7. O. W. Olechnowicz  (lieutenant Alechnovitch) has beaten many records on the small Sikorsky aeroplane; see www.alexanderpalace.org/.../flyingmen.html,  

Stanislaw Dorozynski (the first flight of Russian Naval Aviation at Kulikovo Pole airfield near Sebastopol with pilot S.F.Dorozhinski on 16 September 1910),  

Dybowski, Sredinski, Heyne, Makowiecki, Malynski,  Bronislaw Matyjewicz - Maciejewicz (he studied in France in 1910, died 01.05.1911 near Sebastopol),  

Grzegorz Piotrowski (or Petrovski, he studied in France in 1910),  

Michal Scipio del Campo (or Campo - Scipio, b. at Polesie area in 1883, did a degree in Polytechnic of Lille, his first flight was here in 1905, he studied in France still in 1910, Scipio flew on a plane constructed by Czeslaw Zbieranski & Cywinski in summer 1911),  

Otto Segno (or Henryk Segno, he studied in France by the end of 1910),  

and at a later date B. J. Rossinski, M. G. Lerch, A. J. Rajewski /  A. E. Raievsky (the first Polish to fly in a Bleriot monoplane was a young student, Raievsky) and G. W.  Jankowski /  Yankovsky (when Sikorsky started to build machines of his own, Yankovsky became his pilot)  -  experimental pilots (the Polish were 33 % of Russian pilots in 1911, and besides Lew Maciewicz died in 1910; the others Polish pilots in Russia who served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918: Norvid Kudlo in Babrujsk 1918, captain Zygmunt Studzinski in Minsk 1917 - 1918; besides Stanislaw Jakubowski in Odessa 1917 - 1918 and lieutenant Waldemar Narkiewicz in Odessa 1918 - 1919);

8. W. Hurko - chief of the Committee on Air Force since 1915  and the member of the imperial State's Cabinet

9. eng. Butmi, Giedrojc and eng. W. W. Bartoszewicz (i.e. V. V. Bartoshevich, chief of the assembly of aeroplanes; Farman-IV aircraft was built in series under supervision of engineer  Bartoshevich)  at  "Dux" factory in Moscow,  

10. eng. Pozezinski elaborated project of aeroengine in September 1915,  

11.  M. Adam Haber - Wlynski (i.e. Gaber - Vlynskij, b. 1883 - died 1921 in Lublin, he studied in France by the end of 1910 and worked in "Dux" factory near by Alexander station in Moscow; he    flown the most common modification of Russian Farman - IV and had set several ceiling records e.g. April 13th, 1913; next fought in the Poznan province 1919),  

12.  Nagorski (i.e. pilot J. I. Nagurskij did the world  first  flight in Nesterov's  flying boat on September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel   on  November 16th, 1916),  

13. Raczynski - in his big estate in the Smolensk government constructed an airplane factory in 1917,  

14.  patents for aeroengines received during the First world war: D. Wiszniewiecki, captain Jablonski, colonel P. A. Gelwach, lieutenant Fajwiszewicz;  

15. W. A. Semkowski was in command (1916) of the "Main war - technical board of directors" where  was an air section; the section was the base of the "board of directors on aerial - war fleet" under major general P.  W. Pniewski (war supply and orders) in 1916, 

16. major general Michal Szydlowski (Sydney Gibbes - who was after appointed English tutor to the Tsar's children in 1908 - spent the summer of 1901 with a family called SHIDLOVSKY = Szydlowski; he was taken on as tutor to two boys and lived in St Petersburg and in their country "dacha" according to "The Romanovs & Mr Gibbes (...)" by Frances Welch, ed. London 2002; see also below) an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and who was near connected with W. Hurko in 1916, died 1918

17. Feliks J. Biske or Biskie was born in Plonsk 13.11.1874 and next lived in Warsaw 1912, physicist and air expert in 1915, in Rostov by Don 1916, Izum in   Ukraine 1924,  

18. Stanislaw Ziembinski manager of aerodynamics lab near by Kiev and director of "Gnome" aeroengines factory in Moscow by June 1915; here captain  Wojtkiewicz, lieutenant Radawski and captain Golubicki also worked in May 1916,  

19. W. J. Sredniewski, expert of aerial photograph,  

20. eng. Wladyslaw Zalewski (chief of the Central air constructional office in Warsaw since 1925) and Franciszek Kaczynski carried out designes of planes in 1915

21. Jerzy Jankowski and S. Czerwinski acted as air experts,  

22. Hipolit Lossowski after completion of the Aerial Navigation School (since 1907) commanded the School of Pilots in Moscow since 1916 and the 7th Air Park in 1917, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918,  

23. Gustaw Macewicz after completion of the first Course of pilotage in 1911 commanded the 7th Air Squadro since 1914, served under general Dowbor Musnicki 1917/1918, the Polish general 1919,  

(The White Corps of General Dowbor Musnicki (Dovbor - Mus'nicki) was composite of the Polish from Russian Army.  Polish society had known in 1918 only  about  nine tsarist Generals, Poles - according to Baginski: Gen. Michaelis, Dowbor Musnicki, Bylewski, Symon, Latour, Jacyna, Lesniewski, Olszewski and  Osinski. According to Olechowski, during the First world war in the tsarist Army served 800.000 Poles (20.000 officers and 102 Generals in November 1917) but only a couple of a dozen or so had gone through to Polish Corps (the 1st, 2nd and 3rd) in 1917 - 1918. According to Szczesny in Lithuanian Army (in 1919) as many 60 % officers came from the 1st Polish Corps, e.g. commands and orders in the Birzai regiment made in Polish (spring 1919). According to Gen. Bylewski (data of April 01st, 1917) 119 Generals - Catholics - mainly the Polish, 20.000 officers and 480.000 - 700.000 private soldiers served in Russian Army and besides 100.000 prisoners of war - Poles. According to Alexander Lednicki in June 1917 in Russian Army served only 314.000 Poles, and according to Gen. Dowbor Musnicki were 300.000 the Polish

24. eng. Wsiewolod Jan Jakimiuk next acted in Poland,  

25. Jerzy Rudlicki carried out designes of plane in Odessa in 1910 and Tadeusz Heyne in Kiev 1910, too

26. colonel Aleksander Wankowicz was expert in balloons in Russia

27. the eldest Pole among above military figures was general Jan Jacyna.

Jan (John) Jacyna born 15 December 1864, died on 10, December 1930 in Warsaw. He was the son of Alexander and Natalia nee Hejnarowicz. "In 1878, he graduated from high school in St. Petersburg, and the College of Engineering at Kronstadt and the St. Petersburg Military Academy of Artillery". Major-General in 1911. 1917 was an vice-president of the Association of Military Poles and president and treasurer of the Supreme Polish Military Committee in St. Petersburg. 1921 - 1922 adjutant general of the Head of State. Jacyna was married to Wiktoria Ossowiecki, with whom he had a son, Alexander b. 1894.

He served in a
"
Main technical committee"
of the Navy Ministry in St Petersburg since 1891;
at a later date he acted, 
1901 - 1917

as member on "
the board of directors of government armouries" of the Navy Ministry (next War and Navy  Ministry) in Petersburg.
Since then he was near to problems of war industry in Russia, especially during  -
1914 / 1917 - the First world war; then (since 1915)

he co-operated with "
Military - industrial committee" composite of war industry's representatives and he ran up against suggestions of aeroplanes deliveries and aerial inventions
(
confer Jan Jacyna memoirs, vol. 1, p. 71);

he was the most known general in all Polish environments of St Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th  cent., amidst military and industrial activists
, social workers after the Bolshevik revolution, and also among the Polish active politicians in Russian parliament  since 1905/06; he was near to the imperial Russian court; general Jan Jacyna evaluated figure of Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz wholy negative when paid a  call on Lenin at the end of January 1918;  

(general Jan Jacyna kept in touch with  e.g.

Michal Szydlowski and Karol Jaroszynski = Karol Yaroshinsky, who managed with a big loans especially  during  the First world war. On Jaroszynski see
Shay McNeal, "The Plots to Rescue the Tsar", ed. London 2001  

[Karol Yaroshinsky / Karol Jaroszynski "(...) died in near poverty in 1928. His last years were spent in pain as a result of a poison needle having been jabbed into him at the opera in Paris at almost the same time as Sidney Reilly disappeared in the Soviet Union
(
in the 1920s). (...) Before the Revolution, he had fallen in love with one of the Tsar's daughters (...). Near to Krivoshein - the man who brought Yaroshinsky into the Allied banking scheme. (...) Yaroshinsky was the financial benefactor to the Romanov family during the last days of their captivity in Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg in 1918. The man was involved with Henry Armitstead and Jonas Lied, who had been paid through the British Secret Service for activities in Northern Russia
(
1918)."]
).

The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company co-operated with the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank.

According to V. S. Solomko at http://www.encspb.ru/ this St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank was a joint-stock commercial bank, opened in 1869, cooperating especially closely with the

St. Petersburg International Bank

by taking part "in the military industrial group to build submarines for the Baltic Navy. The group included Lessner's Plant and Nobel's Plant in St. Petersburg, which played a leading role in the group, as well as Fenix, Atlas, and Gatchinsky Ironworks".

Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich b. 1862, political and public figure, banker and businessman, was Director of Moscow Discount Bank. In 1907 and 1915, he was elected Member of State Assembly representing Industry and Trade, heading a Defence Commission 1907-10.
In St Petersburg, he was a member of St Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank's board.
From 1915, he was Chairman of the Central Military-Industrial Committee and a member of the Special Meeting for defence.
At the end of 1916, he designed plans for dynastic coup, acc. to A. G. Kalmykov and http://www.encspb.ru.

The 'Duflon...' Board of Directors in St. Petersburg, Apothecary island, Lopukhinsky Street, No 8: Evgeny / Evgenij Evgienievich Armand - Chairman, Nikolai Danilovich Liesienko who 1906 - 1914 represented the interests of the company in St. Petersburg, L. F. Duflon who lived since 1908 in Switzerland, Alexander E. Armand, Sergei Gernet son of Pavel and Emil I. Ramseyer - Swiss citizen, the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank, chairman of the Board of the 'Atlas' Society in St. Petersburg; his brother Ramseyer Y. I., Swiss citizen was also the board member of the St. Petersburg Discount and Loan Bank and Director of the Company 'Sormovo'.
On the Рамзай surname:
we are looking for who is Riemsnyder / Reimsnyder / Reemsnyder / Reamsnyder or Ramseyer / Рамзай К. А. / Ramsay K. A. - a family from Estonia and St. Petersburg
.

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

28. Eng. professor Witold Jarkowski born 1875 - died 1918, took a degree in Paris, he next worked in the St Petersburg Technological Institute; and Jan  Jarkowski i.e. engineer Jan T. J. Jarkowski son of Jozef who verified himself with his sons: Aleksander, Witold, Jan and Wladyslaw M. Jarkowski in MINSK in  November 1894 (they owned village Rusaki - near by Hlybokae in the Dzisna district - since 1840 and they were related to the Szendzikowski family);  

29. naval general Aleksander Fedorowicz Mozajski (Russian, 1825 - 1890; probably from Polish-speaking Ukrainian nobility, who were Roman Catholics; "the Russian nobles, named Mozhaysky (and alike), have originated from the ancient Volhynian Mozhayski-Mozarowski family" according to http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mozhayski/teksty/fammemb.html) began to design an aircraft in 1880 and he constructed it in 1883;  

30. Captain Zabski i.e. Shabskij constructed in 1908 the blimp called "Uchebnyj" (1500 m cub.) belonged to the Russian Army. In 1908, the firm 'Duflon' produced two electric motors but the commission found it is not practical enough.  

1918

"The Russo-Baltic Wagon Company had a director Michal Szydlowski who was an ex-navy man with connections to the Russian military and he managed to convince the Imperial Russian Air Force (IRAF) to utilize the "Murometz" for reconnaissance and bombing purposes; in December 1914 Szydlowski himself, with the rank of Major General, took over command of the "Squadron of Flying Ships" known as the EVK (Aleksander Serednicki; captain Jozef Baszko died in Riga 1946 - son of Stanislaw from the Vicebsk goverrnnnment; captain Robert Nizewski b. 02.05.1885 as Catholic and captain Kazimierz Zagorski were pilots here, according to my research work); Szydlowski (...) brought Sikorsky to his base and together they managed to overcome the teething problems; (...) the pre-war Murometz was designed to use German-built engines, which obviously were not available and Sikorsky experimented with a range of Russian (DEKA aeroengine according to me) and British engines, but never achieved the desired level of performance; these problems, together with the low level of Russian manufacturing, meant that only 75 (or 70 - 80) of this outstanding aircraft were produced during the war; Szydlowski decided, after the revolution, that he had no future in Russia, and he convinced Sikorsky to leave also; Szydlowski together with his son, was captured trying to cross the border into Finland and they were shot, Sikorsky was luckier and from Murmansk he managed to escape by ship to London" (quotation from ARI UNIKOSKI; this quotation without the  Author's written permission).  

Russia also had the first aviation research center in the world, the Kouczynski (i.e. Kuczynski) Institute and B.C. Steczkin was the author of the theory of the jet-engine.


Curiosity: the first plant which the Germans built in the Soviet Russia was "Junkers - Werke" in File near by Moscow in 1922; operated till 1925. The Junkers company  activated its branches in Rostov by Don and Turkestan in 1925 and also airline "Deruluft". The Soviets increased import of the BMW aeroengines from Munich in Germany  after 1925, and in 1928 bought a licence on production of the BMW aeroengines, which the German engineers - from Technische Hochschule in Berlin - assembled in Russia  after 1931 (according to professor Andrzej Peplonski of 1996).  

Do you know? In Poland after second world war was a proverb about DEKA Company that any bad car with defective  engine is "deka- wka / dekawka / decavca", i.e.  proverbial junk!  By  all means! ... in an imagination of our  "worshippers"...  


the early 20th century

Ferdynand Konstantynowicz studied in Dorpat / Tartu (University of Dorpat - term No 160, Second part in 1907), he was  born 1883 in Riga. Wiktor / Viktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd  lived in Tallin / Tallinn, the  Nomme area since  1918. 


We lived in Vilna / Vilnyus (the early 20th century Piotr the 2nd Konstantynowicz son of Gustav - Piotr was married to Maria W.); 

in Pinsk (Konstantynowicz Konstantyn the 4th) and Grodno (Hrodna) and  near to Dzjatlava / Zdzieciol (the village Gronsk) and west of LIDA (the  places Maluki, Zabalac / Zabalac' either Zabolot or Zablot', Przevoza, Volejsze, Kascjanevaat the beginning of the 20th cent.; according to Mr Ejsmont from Poland of  2006: 1. Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Adam and Wiktoria nee  Cydzik;  2. Konstancja Konstantynowicz died in Kozlowicze - the parish of Jeziorsko; sons of her: Jan and Michal; 3. Wincenty Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki - parish of  Jeziorsko,  SE of  Grodno; his parents - Adam Konstantynowicz and Melanja nee Doroszkiewicz; 4. Kazimierz Konstantynowicz died in Toloczki; his son Jan Konstantynowicz;  5. Stefan Konstantynowicz, died in Toloczki, son of Ksawery and Antonina nee Toloczko; 6. Piotr Konstantynowicz, son of Aleksander and Jadwiga nee Obuchowicz, lived in  Toloczki; next of kin Wladyslaw and Anna Konstantynowicz;  

in Minsk (Konstantynowicz Andrzej; brothers Jakov, Vincenty and  Semen; Semen the 2nd (or Szymon) son of Jerzy the 2nd; Konstantynowicz  Antoni; Adolf son of Wilhelm; Mikolaj son of Pavel) at the beginning of the 20th cent. and Daugavpils (or Dunaburg = Dyneburg, Dvinsk)

in the government of Smolensk (district i.e. ujezd of Dorohobuz  1913)  and Vicebsk = Vitebsk (Jozef Konstantynowicz in  September  1918) by their own account, too; 

from a Azerbaijan list of executed generals in Baku July 1920 by Soviets according  to zerbaijan M. E. Rasulzade "Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti": tsarist General  Konstantynowicz

in St Petersburg (Peterburg) Sergiej Konstantynowicz son of  Michail PUBLIC PROSECUTOR in this city 1907 -1918 according to the "St Petersburg Centralnyj  Istoritcheskij Archiv"; 

and near by Moscow (the Uzkoje estate i.e. otherwise Uzkoje village, situated about 15 km S-W-S of Moscow  core in the suburbs of the capital, near by Vitcevskij forest and Tschertanovka river) in the beginning of the 20th  cent. 

Jan Konstantynowicz had died in the Karpaty mount as senior officer being in the Russian army in winter 1914/1915According to "Prisoners in 'Donbas' and Saratov" - Aleksander Stanislaw Konstantynowicz; The "Big  Illustrated Universal Encyclopaedia",  vol. 29 / 30, edit. in Warsaw - Aleksander Konstantynowicz;  note: the author also looking for information about Alexander Konstantynowicz - we know now that he  was a painter of the 19th century (the painting "Guitar player" 1917);  among persons convicted and arrested for political causes there were Jan Niekrasz and  Jan  Konstantynowicz who died in 1922 from typhus among Polish prisoners in Kovno, according to "The Lithuanian - Polish Dispute", s. 30; 

Michail Konstantynowicz according to "Antologija russkoj poezji w Pol'she" in Warsaw 1937

The Konstantynowicz family lived in Vilnius (or Wilno, Wilniuja, Wilnia, Vilna), Vaukavysk, Ivacevicy, Hrodna, Bransk - Jan Slawomir Konstantynowicz  son of Jan was born 1931 here in accordance with Karolina Horoszko of 2007 - and Lida in Poland, and also the Konstantynowiczs and their   relatives in Riga, Daugavpils, Vilani (25,5 km west of Rezekne), near by Preili (30,5 km S - W - S of Vilani) and Jekabpils in Latvia and Plunge in Lithuania  in the thirties and the forties of the 20th cent. by all accounts. 

Henryk and Franciszek Konstantynowicz fought against Soviet troops near to Krzywda, Kock and Helenowek in 

October 1939.

A certain Jerzy Konstantynowicz died in Mecklenburg province (Malchov in Germany on February 24th, 1944, during a compulsive works) and buried   here during the Second world war, according to the Polish Red Cross. Konstantynowicz Pawel b. 1896 in Marcinkowka near by Druskienniki,  died October 17th, 1941 in Tockoje (Russia) and buried here (according to Henryk Sokolowski). Acc. to: http://archive.is/4SE5N death of a soldier in the Soviet Union, 1941 - 1942, Konstantynowicz, Pawel.

Key note 

Among relatives and next of kins of our Konstantynowicz 'Mscislau' branch appeared the Zarako Zarakowski family in the second half of 19th cent. and in the 20th cent.; 

the Spychalski family from Lodz was related to kinsmen of our lineage at the turn of the 20th century and in the middle of the 20th cent.; 

the Jaroszewicz family had connection to our line in the middle of the 20th cent. (the Jaroszewicz house derived from the Vicebsk province and had Prus the 1st arms, they possessed here the Ostupiszcze estate from Gruzewski family since 1710 to the end of the 18th cent.; Jerzy Piotr Jaroszewicz with Kwaczynski nickname was an officer here in 1713 - 1714 and somebody here in 1716; related to Kownacki, Rymaczewski and Kopakowski according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3; among others several of the Jaroszewiczs died in Old Bychow in 1655; priest Manuel Jaroszewicz in Sluck A.D. 1666, Roman Jaroszewicz in Mahileu in 1682, and Jan Jaroszewicz in Vilna 1720 - 1722, another Jan Jaroszewicz and also his son Jan lived in Szaule near by Mejszagola in 1753, Ludwik Jaroszewicz lived in the Mscislau province in 1764; the Jaroszewiczs were related to Jankowski, Olszewski and Chodasiewicz families in the Dzisna district and also they served Radzivill family in the Minsk government at the turn of the 20th cent.; Dmitrij Jaroszewicz son of Konstantin, Russian admiral)

Constantinovich / Konstantinovitz / Constantinowitz family in Russia, 18th and 19th cent. to the November Revolution 1917

the Swierczewski family was near socially associated with us, for instance in the sixtieth of the 20th century. 

Some Generals, Prime Minister, the Head of State and one marshal of the communistic Poland - creators of the Soviet   transitory administration 1943 / 1990 - derived from these families. Relatives of our Konstantynowicz branch kept in touch  with  Jozef  Pilsudski, Michal Zymierski and Wladyslaw Sikorski at the moment in the first half of the 20th century - marshals  and  General with different political views. 

It wonder that three Marshals and General - military prosecutor died with natural death but three remaining Generals died with tragic death.

The Jaroszewicz marriage was murdered by former Secret Service and the Soviet KGB officers, acc. to http://nowahistoria.interia.pl/historia-na-fotografii/. Jaroszewicz was supposed to suggest that Charles / Karol Swierczewski 'Walter' betrayed him in 1947, the secret disclosed by the Soviet General, concerning the replacement of the Polish communist leaders by Soviet agents-look-alikes.

About a backstage of murder of the Jaroszewicz couple writes in book 'Famous couples PRL', Sławomir Koper, ed. by 'Red and Black', at website http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/ on 11 February 2014. "...Jaroszewicz apparently had financial problems, but saved a sell-numismatists, which Peter has accumulated during his long career. ... journalist Bohdan Roliński published two interviews with former Prime Minister. ... indicated that Jaroszewicz spoke with Karol Świerczewski, who told him that the Russians used the 'method of matrioszka', of substituting Polish communist by Soviet agents - look-alikes. Jaroszewicz and Świerczewski have identified several 'matrioszka', including Jozef Swiatlo and Boleslaw Bierut. Jaroszewicz suggested that the death of Świerczewski could be related to this knowledge. ... Even more sensational hypothesis has a journalist of the weekly Angora, Leszek Szymowski, who stated that the reason for the murder was the Jaroszewicz archive, which contained a copy of the documents incriminating Wojciech Jaruzelski, Czeslaw Kiszczak and other politicians 80s. This crime was part of a broader plan to eliminate all that could stopped the conduct of political transformation, directed by generals Kiszczak and Jaruzelski. Weekly Wprost published information suggesting that the death of Jaroszewicz has connected with the secret wartime archives of the Reich Security Office, which at the end of World War II went to the baroque palace in Radomierzyce near Zgorzelec. ... among others Gestapo informers lists, documents relating to French collaboration with the Third Reich ... In 1945, Colonel Piotr Jaroszewicz and several other officers had some explosive packages of securities before the archives were transferred to the USSR. ... Tadeusz Steć was killed in his own home at the hands of unknown assailants just a few months after Peter. Before his death, he was tortured... Jerzy Fonkowicz was assassinated in 1997. In 2007, the theory that the murder was related to the Jaroszewicz Nazi archive has placed the Criminal Intelligence Bureau of the Police Headquarters (in Poland). ... ignored the testimony of the witness (who said he saw one woman and two men the morning on September 1 came out of the house). At the end of 2005, analysts Archive X (section dealing with the explanation of complex criminal cases) found that from the register of the murder of Jaroszewicz lost key evidence, that is, the three bags with traces of unidentified fingerprints. The prints were found at the glasses of Jaroszewicz and cabinet doors located in his office... Biography of Jaroszewicz overgrown in many myths. The future prime minister was born in 1909 in Nieśwież ... ... In August 1943 he was still Private, but after several months already a colonel, and after a further eight (after the war) general! Even Napoleon Bonaparte promoted from lieutenant to general took a little more time...".

Generals of communistic People Polish Army: Karol Swierczewski, Piotr Jaroszewicz and Marian Spychalski (later on the Marshal) in the fourties of the 20th century were deputies of Michal Zymierski - Marshal and communistic Minister of Defense. The genealogy of my Mscislau "inlet" of the Konstantynowicz ancestry point out long and strong connections with the Imperial Russian Army and Russian military intelligence since the seventies of the nineteenth century  and after  when they served in tsarist Georgia / Sakartvelo 
but especial at the turn of the 20th century. It was the tsarist military technology intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.  

This connections fade away probably at the end of the 20th century?

The family von Pilar Pilchau from Pärnu and south-western foreland of Tallinn, played a major role in the political activities of Estonia in the nineteenth century, combining both stories Polish struggle for independence with history of Estonia.

Below I present abbreviation of the von Pilchau Pilar genealogy.

Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau, a Baltic German politician, regent, the owner of the Audern, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870, and Sauga. Audru / Audern, 8 to 10 km north-west-north of Parnu city, is a small borough. Sauga / Sauck, 6 km north of Parnu core, in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. Adolf (Alf) Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau died June 17, 1925 in Pernau (Pärnu), Pärnumaa, Estland. Baron Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau b. 1851, nickname Alf, b. in Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa. His wife Julie Olga Eugenie von der Pahlen born in Pleskau or Pskow / Pihkva in 1865, her mother Helene Charlotte Louise von der Pahlen nee von Toll 1833 - 1910, and her grandmother Olga Karoline Olga von Toll nee von Strandman 1796 - 1861, her brother Karl Gustav von Strandmann 1787 - 1855, and her sister Wilhelmine Charlotte von Ungern-Sternberg nee von Strandmann 1785 - 1813.

The father of Adolf Pilar von Pilchau was Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, Baron, born and died in Audru / Audern, 1814 - 1870. Grandfather Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814, who has brothers:
1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830; his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.
2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and
3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn. They has stepfather Gotthard Johann II Zoege Reichsgraf von Manteuffel 1717 - 1753, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. 1767 in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia. Jogisoo (Jogisuu) ca 3 km south-west of Kullamaa, south-east-east of Haapsalu, Läänemaa county.

On the Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt family:
Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina. She was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano.
She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Charlotte Julie Pila von Pilchau; Ada Pilar von Pilchau (Helene Bertha Johanna Adele von Gruenewaldt 1853-1889); Theodor Gustav Otto Peter Pilar von Pilchau; and Hilda Pilar von Pilchau.
We have got different inf.: Paulina Cecilia Mariano Julia Elizabeth 1847-1896, nee Pilchau von Pilar, the wife of Rafael Mariano from Neapol. And also - Paulina Julia Elisabeth von Pilar Pilchau or Cecilia Paulina Julia Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau (1847-1896), was married to the professor Mariano.
Relatives: Adolph (ALF), Jacob Constantin von Pilar Pilchau (1851 - 1925 in Pärnu, Baron of Livonia, and the marshal of the district magistrate in Parnu); and Helene Bertha Johanna Adele Gruenewaldt or Adele Gruenewaldt (1853-1889, nee Pilchau von Pilar, married Walther Gruenewaldt; she died in 1889 in Cannes; her husband Walter Johann Georg Konstantin von Grünewaldt was born 1843 in Hapsal /Haapsalu; his family owned Koik (Koigi) in Järvamaa: father Alexander Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1805 in Koik; his grandfather Johann Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1763 in Koik (Koigi), Järvamaa; great-grandfather Johann Adam von Grünewaldt died 1792 in Koik / Koigi). Karl Jakob Rudolf von Gernet 1826 died April 20, 1912 in Hapsal / Haapsalu, Estonia. His brother: Magnus Friedrich von Gernet 1824 died October 22, 1909 in Reval / Tallinn, Estonia - and his son:
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet was born 1864 and died in 1944. Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864 - 1944, and his mother Katharina Kitty Helene Amelie von Gernet (nee von Gruenewaldt / Grünewaldt; her father Johann / Iwan Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt, from Hukas and Koik = Koigi; her grandfather - above named - Johann Georg von Grünewaldt b. 1763 in Koik (Koigi), Järvamaa; her great-grandfather Johann Adam von Grünewaldt b. 1719, landlord of Koigi) 1833 - 1909, near by the Pilchau Pilar family.
Richard Adolf von Gernet of 1863, known as Adolf, or Adolph. He was born on 14 April 1863 in Sellenkull / Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km, and south-west of Lehola. He was a graduate of the cathedral school / 'Domschule zu Reval' (a German-language institution, but it was closed in 1893) 1876 - 1881, and Dorpat in 1881-1886. He was a noted metallurgist after 'M. Inst. M.M.' that is the 'Institute of Mining and Metallurgy'. Adolf von Gernet worked in 'Privatlaboratoriums von Dr. Werner Siemans' in Berlin by Erik Thomson, where he was made ​​head of this laboratory of Werner von Siemens. In 1889 he built a gold wash in Yekaterinburg in the Urals. In 1892 he was representative of the company in America. Around 1895 he followed his brother Rudolf to South Africa where he was a Director of the 'Central Rand Gold Mine Ore Reduction Works'. He patented a process for extracting copper, which became known as Siemens-Halske electric precipitation process later. He presented a paper before the 'Society of Chemists and Metallurgists' in Johannesburg on electrical precipitation; von Gernet, representing the firm of Siemens & Halske, of Berlin, introduced the process in the Transvaal, and for several years it was extensively used. In the 1890s he studied with John Hays Hammond off the coast of Cape Town, the gold content in the sea water ('investigations off the coast of South Africa, not far from Capte Town, to determine the gold content of sea water in that place'). There was a 'Von Gernet Copper Company', but it was liquidated in October 1905. In 1898 he became the first Russian Vice Consul in Johannesburg. In 1901, he traveled through Peru and Bolivia. Later he was in Brussels. Acc. to me he back to Estonia / Russia 1906 ? - to 1917 ? He died on January 4, 1942 in Dingolfing, Bavaria. Adolph von Gernet married in 1898 Leonilla princess of Mestscherski with whom he had a daughter, Alexandra von Reitzenstein (1900-1965).
Above Rudolf Jakob von Gernet 1864, as Rudolf. He was born on 30 December 1864 in Sellenkull, Poenal, Laanemaa, (Sellenkull = Seljakula, Seljaküla close to Keedika. North-east of Haapsalu - 27 km and south-west of Lehola) Estonia. A doctor, who was latterly appointed by the Boer authorities to superintend the hospital, by James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine Rosslyn.
Rudolf Jakob von Gernet, migrated to South Africa in the late nineteen nineties together with his wife Olga Antoinette Vera von Dehn.

We back now to the first wife of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was (by geni.com) Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern, death on December 17, 1896 in Neapol / Neapel. Her family: father Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern and mother Berta Johanna Carolina Freiin Pilar von Pilchau. She was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau; Johanna Sophie Konstanze Keyserling; Ada; Pauline Julie Elisabeth; Theodor Gustav Otto Peter; Hilda Pilar.
Above Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, of Audern / Audru, Pärnumaa, born 1814, d. 1870 in Audern close to Pärnu. He was son of Jakob Johann Pilar Pilchau and Juliane Elisabeth Vietinghoff; and he was brother of Pauline Luise Pilar von Pilchau. Burial in Pärnu. Born 1774, d. 1814. Grandfather: Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 / von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig - his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.

Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 in 1803 has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779, had three sons and two daughters: Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards; Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and George (1819 - 1882); Elizabeth 1808, Elena 1811. Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:
1. Major Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 (1769?),
2. Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774,
3. Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.

Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871, that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia; his father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida, Vilna province in Poland, after Major of the Russian army. His son Stanisław Count Pilar von Pilchau owner of Mickuny close to Nowa Wilejka, polonised, but from the Baltic German from Estland and Latvia, married to Zofia Januszewska / Zofia Januszewski.
She came from Ignacy Januszewski b. 1804 and Kazimiera born 1806, she died on 28 Jan 1898, Wilno; her son Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, born 1860, married 1890 to Helena Joanna Krzywiec, he died on 12 Oct. 1939 in Mickuny, next of kin of Feliks Dzierżyński; Helena Joanna Krzywiec born 1864, died on 8 Aug. 1955 in Mickuny; her son Roman Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1894, d. 1937.

Jacek Gilewicz from Marseille - grandson of Justin Dzerzhinsky / Justyn Dzierżyński, a cousin of Felix Dzierzynski, the adoptee by his parents. He has an archive of the sister of Felix - Aldona Dzierzynska, suddenly three pages of the manuscript; he was convinced that Stalin was poisoned Felix. He has cousin in Radom, Mrs. Wanda from Dzierżyński, died in 2011, owned a memorabilia of sister of Felix, Aldona, including a manuscript of 1909, photocopies of letters; Felix began to write to his sister when he went to high school of Vilnius, the last letter he sent to Aldona in 1919. In Moscow is living grandson of Felix - Felix Dzerzhinsky Janowicz / Feliks Janowicz Dzierżyński; old man, a professor at Moscow University. We remember that in 1923, Soviet intelligence resident living in Warsaw, Mieczyslaw Łoganowski had a group of young communists and came up with the idea that they had to go to Sulejowek, to pay homage to Pilsudski and then throw a bomb or shoot him. Łoganowski sent a plan of attack to Moscow. Felix categorically forbade him to implementation because of Anthony Bulhak Dzerzhinsky married a niece of Pilsudski. They have for some time lived with Pilsudski in Sulejówek. It was a very tragic situation. His brother Stanislaus Dzierzynski in 1917, was stabbed to death in their family mansion. Probably they were some deserters. Escaped from the front, returned to Russia, spent the night in the mansion. Felix had command track down the group. They have to be tracked and shot. From a letter to his sister Aldona Bulhak - Kojałłowicz (April 15, 1919): 'I am sending you things from Dzierżynow. Very solid gold jewelry was confiscated because of our rights... I know that this confiscation touches you, but I could not otherwise - that is the law of gold'. We have data of Jan Bułhak b. 1871 in Nowa Wilejka / New Wilejka, son of Mikolaj Bułhak and Antonina Zamkowicz.

Александр Карл Пилар фон Пильхау born 1802, in Wilno / Вильнюс, was married to Ионна Станиславовна Кульвинска / Joanna nee Kulwinska daughter of Stanislaw Kulwinski. His mother
Maria Cecylia von Bécu / Мария Цецилия фон Бекю and father Магнус or Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born 1768. His grandfather Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау born 1734, married 1756 in Tallinn / Ревель, to Катарина Хелена фон Таузас. Place of living: Халлик and Йоггис; Hagar / Hallik in Tamsalu, Estonia, county of Laane-Viru, south-west of Rakvere - eastern Eesti. Augustas Ludvikas Becu / August Ludwik Becu / August Ludwik Bécu b. 1771 in Grodno, his father - Jan Ludwik Bécu.
August Ludwik Bécu owner of Mickuny, married ca 1800 to von Pilar Pilchau 1770-1816
(we are looking for! Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау born 1757 and died 1783, her father Магнус Вильгельм Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1734 d. 1801; her brothers and sisters: 1756 in Халлик, born Иоганна София Пилар фон Пильхау, Хелена Вильгельмина Пилар фон Пильхау, Вильгельм Фридрих Пилар фон Пильхау 1761, София Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, Анна Доротея Пилар фон Пильхау 1762, in Халлик, Oтто Густав Пилар фон Пильхау born 1763, Юлиана Шарлотта Пилар фон Пильхау b. 1764, in Халлик, Мария Луиза Пилар фон Пильхау Крутов b. 1766, Георг Людвиг or Егор Максимович Пилар фон Пильхау born on 19 март 1767, Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау 1768, Катарина Элизабет Пилар фон Пильхау 1769, Анна София Пилар фон Пильхау 1771, Иоганна Кристина Пилар фон Пильхау 1772, Якоб Иоганн Пилар фон Пильхау 1774, Рейнгольд Адольф Пилар фон Пильхау 1775, Рейнгольд Вольдемар Пилар фон Пильхау 1777, Ульрика Генриетта Пилар фон Пильхау 1780, Каролина Амалия Пилар фон Пильхау 1780),

and he has two daughters: Aleksandra Mianowski nee Becu 1804-1832, closest friend of Juliusz Słowacki, and Hersylia Januszewski 1808-1872.
Teofil Januszewski, was brother of Salomea - mother of poet Juliusz Słowacki.

August Ludwik Bécu in August 1818 married second time to Salomea Słowacki,
when Juliusz Slowacki aged 8. August Ludwik Becu was sent in 1803 - 1804 from (Russia) the Vilna University to Scotland (UK).
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830:
his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801.

Brothers of Yegor Maksimovic Pilar:

Major Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау / Maxim / Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau, b. 08.06.1768 or 1769
(his wife was Maria Becu
with her children: Zofia / София Пилар фон Пильхау and a son was born in Wilno / Вильнюс, Alexandr / Alexander Karl /
Aleksander Karol Pilchau Pilar, b. 1802),
Engineer Major Jacob Maksimovic / Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau, b. 1774, and
Captain Vladimir Maksimovic / Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau b. 1777.
Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау born on 8 June 1768 and his cousins and closest next of kin: Бокельберг or Фокельберг / Vokelberg, Фридрих фон Руктешель in Йоггис; Шталь фон Гольштейн / Holstein; фон Людер / Luder d. 1857; Екатерина Николаевна Кудашева / Kudashev, b. 1811; Дунина / Dunin, b. 1799; 1798 m. to Иоганн Густав Юст / Iust; 1766 born in Халлик, Иван Крутов / Krutov / Krutow; Иоганна Агнета Гессе / Hesse b. 1779; Мария Цецилия фон Бекю / Becu (Maria Becu was married Магнус Максимилиан Фабиан Пилар фон Пильхау / Magnus Maksymilian Fabian Pilar Pilchau b. 1768; her children: Zofia / София Пилар фон Пильхау and in Wilno / Вильнюс, was born Alexandr / Alexander Karl / Aleksander Karol Pilchau Pilar, b. 1802); somebody in 1798 m. to Иоганн Дитрих Бенджамин Альтхан; Сукни (Suckni) / Sukni d. 1838; фон Рамм / von Ramm, b. 1779; фон Мореншильдт b. 1811; Наталья Николаевна Карпова / Karlow; Михайловна Езерская / Jezierski, died 1919; фон Штааль b. 1843; Васильевна Чулкова b. 1855; Домудовская / Домудовски; фон Эссен / Essen b. 1847; Раиса Митрофановна Филиппова / Filippow d. after 1932; Беренд фон Мореншильдт d. 1861; Симсен; 1801 Франц Герман Экбаум; 1801 Фридрих фон Руктешель.

Gustav Adolf Nikolai Pilar von Pilchau / Gustav Adolf Pilar von Pilchau born in 1841 and died on January 11, 1918 in Haapsalu (Hapsal), Lääne County, Estonia came from Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau b. 1734.
Maria Pilar von Pilchau b. 1839 in Санкт-Петербург / St Petersburg, d. 1922; daughter of Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau.
Evdokya Dmitrievna Horvath was born in St Petersburg in 1902, and married first in 1921 to Cecil Lewis, second time to Cedric Williams; she was the daughter of the military engineer General Dmitri Horvath, the second of six children of General Horvath and his wife Camilla Benois. Dmitri Horvath was the great-great-grandson of Marshal Mikhail Kutusov, and was connected to the Baltic aristocracy through his mother, Baroness
Maria Pilar von Pilchau. Camilla Benois,
a member of a distinguished family of artists, sculptors, architects and musicians, was herself a talented artist and sang and played the piano. Acc. to (Copyright in 2005) The Independent.

Above Karl Magnus Pilar von Pilchau b. 1791, was son of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Magdalene Wilhelmine Staël von Holstein, and was brother of Ottilie Gustava von Lüder, Hermann Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Gustav Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau and Georg Pilar von Pilchau, acc. to: Henno Linn, Peter Trefilov, Marc Peter Bauer and Anita Kuzmina.
Above Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau b. 1761 son of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.
Above
Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734, was father of Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau, Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau,
Jakob Johann Pilar von Pilchau,
Catharina Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau and Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau; was brother of Dorothea Charlotta Pilar von Pilchau and Maria Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau. Acc. to Peter Trefilov and Bernard von Schulmann.
Konstantin Behrend Alexander Pilar von Pilchau 1832 - 1894, his father Karl Magnus Reinhold Pilar von Pilchau b. 1803 in Padis. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau b. 1761 son of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas.

Above
Jakob Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau 1774 - 1814,
has brothers:

1. Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830
(Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830 / von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, his father was retired major of the Polish army -
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801).
Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilchau (1734-1801), landlord of Hallik north - east of Tallinn or rather south-west of Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremőisa close to Keila-Joa, Major (1756), served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.

2. Reinhold Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau 1777 - 1847 in Jöggis / Jőgisoo, Kullamaa, Läänemaa, Estland, and

3. Wilhelm Friedrich Pilar von Pilchau 1761 - 1819 in Reval / Tallinn, acc. to Peter Trefilov and Mikael Lillieström (under copyright by geni.com).

Zofia Januszewski / Zofija Pilar von Pilchau
died January 28, 1898 - she was sister of Januszewski Dzerzhinsky Helena, mother of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1896. Alexander von Pilar Pilchau, Judge of the district of Vilnius, died in 1871 - he was great-grandfather of Roman Pilar! Aleksander Pilar von Pilchau, d. 1871, that was Carl Alexander Pilar von Pilchau, born 10.2.1802, his sister Sophia; his father was born in 1769 - Magnus Fabian Pilar von Pilchau - in Lida.

Mickiewicze Wielkie: in 1870 situated in the Minsk Governorate, the Slutsk district, volost Kleck, but in 1923 in the Poland, Province Nowogródek, the district of Nieswiez. Mickiewicze on way from Niasviz / Nieswiez to Klieck / Kleck. Close to Asmolawa. It was the Витгенштейн family estate as Быховщизна in 1870 (Wittgenstein - Byhovschizna).
P. L. Wittgenstein to E. K. Pilyavskaya / E. Pilawska in 1886-1887. In 1887, Peter / P. L. Wittgenstein died, the son Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein; Peter L. Wittgenstein b. 1831, Vilna Province, Lieutenant-General, a military agent in France, the Russian-Turkish war, one of the richest landowners of the Russian Empire. Wankowicz family / the Vankovichs were living in the Slutsk county, lived near Kleck, Byhovschinka / Byhovschizna / Byhovschina and Ostreika / Astrejka in the Bobruisk (?) county, lived in the Borovische village in the district of Hlusk / Glussk. This Byhovschizna was in the Slutsk County. It was into the property of the Prince D. Radziwill, of Nesvizh. Above Lew / Prince Lev Wittgenstein / Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn b. June 7, 1799, the eldest son of Field Marshal Count Peter Xristianovich Wittgenstein / Piotr Christianovich Wittgenstein and Antoinette Stanislavnovna Snarskii / Antuanetta Snarski / Antuaneta Snarska. He was married twice:
1. 1828 to Princess Stefania nee Radziwill, daughter of above Dominik Radziwill and Theophile Morawska; with two children:
Maria or Antoinette Carolina - Stefania, and above Peter / Peter Dominic Ludwig 1832-1887, Adjutant General, Lieutenant General.
2. Princess Leonilla Baryatinskaya Ivanovna.
Stefania Wittgenstein b. Paris 1809, d. 1832, nee Radziwill - father Dominik Radziwill b. 1786, d. 1813; mother Teofila Morawska. Stefania was owner about 12000 km˛ that is 1 mln ha in Belarus (Miezonka...) and Lithuania. Her children: Piotr Wittgenstein b. 1831 and Maria b. 1829 with husband Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Her husband from 1828 Ludwik Adolf  F. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Ludwig Adolf Friedrich zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn) born 8 June 1799 in Kowno, He was first son of Ludwik Adolf Piotr / Pjotr Christianovich zu Sayn und Wittgenstein / Пётр Христианович Витгенштейн, who was born 1769 in Pierejaslawl Zalesskij either Нежин / Negine or Переяславл, and died 11 June 1843 in Lwiw / Lwow.
Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze
(Witold Bulhak / Bułhak owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. After death of dad and uncles he taken more Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow).
His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor; parents of Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789: mother Franciszka Lowicki and father Jerzy Onufry Bulhak, b. 1749.
Florian Stanislaw Bulhak (a branch of photographer Jan Brunon Bułhak) + Krystyna Ciekawianka were parents of
Florian Bułhak b. 1750 d. 1806, Józef Bułhak (see below), Jan Bułhak, Wincenty Bułhak, Ignacy Józefat Bułhak / Ignacy Jozafat Bułhak / Josafat Ignatius Bulhak, Jerzy Onufry Bułhak b. 28 April 1749: branch of Aldona Dzierzynska (see below) and Władysław Bułhak.
Above Josafat Ignatius Bulhak b. April 20, 1758, d. February 25, 1838, Greek Orthodox priest, Uniate bishop of Pinsk (1787-1795), bishop of Brest (1798-1828), Bishop of Lithuania (1828-1833) and Archbishop of Polotsk (1833-1838), in 1817-1838 the Metropolitan of Kiev. Above Jozef Bulhak, the Uniate bishop of Pinsk and Turow, abbot of the monastery of the Basilian in Suprasl.
Great-grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 (father of FLORIAN STANISLAW, KAZIMIERZ, KATARZYNA, JAKUB m. BARBARA Wolk - Traby, FRANCISZKA, DOROTA, MARCIN m. MARIANNA WERESZCZAK, JAN b. 1700 m. NN MOGIELNICKA, Nowogrodek clark: probably from Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670 come a branch of Gabriel Bulhak and Ignacy Bulhak of Bobruisk / Bobrujsk marshal and next generation here:
Witold Bulhak / Bułhak owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. After death of dad and uncles he taken more Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow, and south-east of Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family and Borki of 'Nadberezyncy'. Bułhak Gabriel, office clark in 1793 and 1810. Gabriel Bułhak with Syrokomla coat of arms, born ca 1750 / 1754, married in 1790), m. to Marianna Imielinski - Prawdzic; he taken estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. His parents: Benedykt Bulhak (b. ca 1640?) and Eufemia Protasewicz. Benedykt was from Konstanty Bulhak and Anna Zablocki, acc. to aordycz.republika.pl. Above Eufemia Bułhak (Protasewicz - Jastrzębiec) b. ca 1650 was mother of Mikołaj Bułhak, Jerzy Piotr Bułhak and Szymon Bułhak - by: Urszula Ewa Skarżyńska in 2007.
Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966. Her husband Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856 - his father Rudolf Jerzy Bulhak 1824-1894; grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789. Great-grandfather Jerzy Onufry Bułhak b. 28 April 1749. Children of Jerzy Onufry Bulhak: Chryzostom Stanisław Bułhak, Beata Bułhak - Lopott - Trzeciak, Krystyna Bułhak - Niezabitowski, Ostroberta Bułhak - Woyna b. 1793, Duklana Pilecki b. 1795 and Julian Bułhak. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913) close to Marina Gorka. We know that BULHAK, J., was in Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk. Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, he died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor.
Осташин Мурованый / Ostaszyn Murowany. Here was living Jan Bulhak / Ян Булгак, son of Валериан Булгак, Walerian Bulhak or Walery; Jan Brunon Bułhak's parents were Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak - Syrokomla b. 1842 in Ostaszyn d. 1905
(he was brother of Karolina Karpowicz, Antoni Bułhak b. 1850 d. 1898, NN Bułhak, Barbara Bułhak from Sadek d. 1907 and Helena Kiersnowska; Walery Antoni Stanisław Bułhak was son of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bułhak b. 1795 in Woroncza and JULJA HROMYK, and grandson of Florian Bulhak b. ca 1740, great-grandson of Florian Stanisław Bułhak from Mikolaj Bulhak and Katarzyna or Marianna)
and Józefa née Haciska - Roch (b. 1848 in Miratycze, daughter of Władysław Dachnowicz Haciski - son of Tadeusz Dachnowicz Haciski - and Anna Haciska), landowners in Ostaszyn. Jan Bulhak from 1897 to 1899, studied literature, history and philosophy at Jagiellonian University, Kraków. Back home, he lived in the village of Peresieka (Пярэсека) near Minsk, where he inherited a manor after his great-uncle's death (brother of one's grandparent or uncle of one's parent). Пярэсека, Минская область / Pereseka, close to Czurylawiczi, Kaikawa, ca 16 km south of Minsk core; 7 km south-west of Karaliszczawiczi / Koroliszczewiczi / Koroliszczewicze - here Konstantynowicz family.
Children of FLORIAN BULHAK b. ca 1740 and HELENA JABLONSKI: JÓZEF, WINCENTY, WLADYSLAW, IGNACY, MACIEJ b. 1794 d. 1863, JAN ANTONI FRANCISZEK b. 1795 in Woroncza d. 1850, and FLORIANA.

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

the present 

The Konstantynowicz family moved to the new Polish west and north territories after 

1945   Copyright by Moikrewni 2008

1. as a result of the Yalta Conference 1945 - the eastern regions of Poland were incorp. into  the U.S.S.R. for the Curzon Line became Poland's  eastern border, and the western border of  Poland was to be fixed in a peace treaty; 2. as a result of the Potsdam Conference and the  Potsdam  Agreement of 1945 that sanctioned the expulsion of almost all Germans from  the Ger. territories in the East, Czechoslovakia and  Hungary, and  also resettlement of the  depopulated areas in the East with eastern Poles (besides exile of 1,6 - 2 mil. eastern Poles to  northern  Russia and to Siberia 1939 -  c. 1955) mainly compulsive displaced persons among others  from Vilna, Volhynia and White Russia in 1945 - 1947; 3. as a result of the Treaty of  Border  (ex-line Oder - Neiße) between Poland and Germany of  1990.  

I can't give many more information about this period after 1945  for the sake of secret data.  But we can to check  up on ourselves  at  ©   "Moikrewni.pl"  website -  to the right »  

I am looking for all persons with KONSTANTYNOWICZ surname whose ancestors (as a   whole 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th cent.) are  from:  

1. BELARUS : Governments of Minsk, Vicebsk (Vitebsk) and Mahileu (Mogilev or Mahilyow by the river   Dniepr = Dnjapro

2. RUSSIA: Government of Smolensk, St Petersburg and Moscow  

3. LATVIA (Livland): Governments of Vicebsk and Riga (i.e. Livlandskaja gubernija = the government of   Livland).

Outside of Poland now

Many of them stayed in  BELARUS

Belorussian peacekeeping veteran Konstantine Konstantynowicz inf. 11 April, 2003; Andrzej Pawel and Roman Konstantynowicz in Mahileu by the river Dnjapro according to Sergiusz  Marszalkowski of 2004; in village Toloczki close to Hrodna; an area of Starossalje Starosjelo NE of Miezonka; at Asipovicy region: Tatarkow primary school Zabalac close to Lida; and a first deputy chairman (the vice-president in 2003) of the Belarusian  Union of Architects, Anatoliy (i.e. Anatol) M. Konstantynowicz in Minsk; A. A.  Konstantynowicz acted in Acad. Agric. Sci. of Belarus in 1992; Sh. V. Konstantynowicz  from Belarus at SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC - TECHNICAL CONGRESS "MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES ".  

Now in Lida: G. F. Konstantynowicz tel. 53109 Tuchachevski Str. and now in Minsk:  

Who tel. Str. No Apt. Konstantynowicz A. A. 2267105 Tanka Str. 30/2 Apt. 53, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2344451 Chorushej Str. 19 134, Konstantynowicz A. M. 2625139 Kolcova Str. 23 66, Konstantynowicz A. N. 2302864 Vaniejeva Str. 8 72, Konstantynowicz G. A. 2733456 Altajskaja Str. 64/5 68, Konstantynowicz G. V. 2445007 Shabany Str. 13 56, Konstantynowicz E. T. 2432695 Gierasimienko Str. 29 74, Konstantynowicz Sh. D. 2955986 Zilunovicha Str. 27 23, Konstantynowicz I. E. 2429894 Niesterova Str. 4 153, Konstantynowicz I. M. 2165503 Jesenina Str., No 19 Apt. 166, Konstantynowicz K. F. 2382929 Ilimskaja Str., 29 226, Konstantynowicz L. G. 2810745 P/O Stiepianka Korwata Str. 34 Apt. 33, Konstantynowicz L. K. 2356986 2 Bagrationa Court (Pier.) No 19 Apt. 789, Konstantynowicz M. A. 2738872 Angarskaja Str. 20/2 44, Konstantynowicz M. S. 2495360 Pliechanowa 56/3 166, Konstantynowicz N. I. 2475314 Jakubova 30 5, Konstantynowicz N. N. 2499679 Pliechanova 52/1 9, Konstantynowicz N. P. 2502878 Orlovskaja 86/3 14, Konstantynowicz O. V. 2268756 Tanka Str., 30/2 Apt. 71, Konstantynowicz O. F. 2997217 Shossejnaja 9 17, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2968379 Bajkalskaja 45 28, Konstantynowicz T. I. 2998379 Bajkalskaja Str. No 45 Apt. 28, Konstantynowicz F. I. 2431028 Angarskaja 13/2 6, according to: http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

settled themselves in

Russia

Krasnojarsk in the sixties of the 20th cent. and the Krasnojarsk area after 2nd world war, Archangelsk = Arkhangelsk: Yury Konstantynowicz now, Moscow: Aleksandr Konstantynowicz and Oleg Konstantynowicz now, Dmitrij Konstantynowicz in Togliatti near to Samara; 

in 1918 Abram Ioffe [b. 1880, son of Fedor; completion of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute in 1902] became a  head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and  Radiologythe i.e. Physico - Technical Institute where a group of young physicists worked: B.  P. Konstantynowicz, I. V. Kurczatow = Kurchatov, Lev Landau [son of David, born 1908 in Baku; his  father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry; since 1927 he continued research at the Leningrad Physico - Technical Institute],  P. L. Kapitsa [Piotr =  Pyotr Kapica was born July 08/June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt; he was son of Leon or Leonid Kapica - a military  engineer, lieutenant general in the Russian engineers corps, Pole with the Kapica i.e. Jastrzebiec diverse coat of arms, see:  http://www.jurzak.pl/gendyna.pl?kd=1&hb=0504
- and Olga Stebnicki who was daughter of Hieronim Stebnicki, Pole with the Przestrzal coat of arms, see:  http://www.przodkowie.com/niesiecki/s/stebnicki/5915.php?lit=s; grandson of Piotr Kapica senior; received his preparatory education in Kronstadt and next educated at the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute, "he graduated in 1918 with a degree in electrical engineering" (or 1919) on Electromechanics Department; he remained there as a lecturer until 1921; he went to England and there he worked with Ernest Rutherford; in 1934, Kapica went to Soviet Union] and others [quantum electronics, electromagnetic waves] - see http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/newsletter/1997/graham.html

in Moscow - Konstantynowicz Nikolaj son of Konstantin (Zjabon nickname, inf. of 2004) and my family in Omsk after 1929: Viktoria / Wiktoria born 1870/71 or 1873/1875 - daughter of NN Konstantynowicz and - ? - Maria Trubecki / Troubetskoy (probably sister of Wiktor Konstantynowicz from Tallinn but she was living in Miezonka with family of Antoni and Stanislaw Konstantynowicz), and Konstantynowicz Walery (i.e. Valerij) son of Zygmunt (i.e. Sigizmund) and also Evgenij /  Jewgenij Konstantynowicz in Omsk, born 06 December 1982; Orenburg: Vasilij Konstantynowicz - Deputy Head on Agricultural Administration in Orenburg. And also somebody exiled at Solowezki Islands in the White Sea after 1923, but we lost touch with them.

In St Petersburg now Pavel Konstantynowicz, tel. 8-911-295-70-06. 

Wsiewolod / Vsievolod Konstantynowicz at the 10th Conference of Young Scientists (study  "Moskovskij Institut Elektronnoj Techniki"). Konstantin Konstantynowicz - musician and composer  ("Zvuki Mu"). Elena Konstantynowicz daughter of Vladimir - the Club of "Viedomosti"  Readers. 

In Moscov / Moscow  now: Konstantynowicz Boris son of Ivan, tel. 9080498, Altufievskoje  shosse No 100 Apt. 312, born 23. 02. 1942; Konstantynowicz Galina daughter of Michail,  9300585, Leninskij prospekt 72, 473 - born 29. 10. 1933; Konstantynowicz Elena  daughter  of  Michail  - tel. 4324419,  Novatorov Str. No 14 / 2, Apt. 191 - born 21. 05. 1939;  Konstantynowicz Jekaterina 1841744  Anadyrskij Prospekt 3, 48 - born 02. 04. 1965;  Konstantynowicz Pietr, son of Gavril,  3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 16. 06. 1935;  Konstantynowicz Lidija - tel. 4745859, Tajninskaja 16 / 2, Apt. 131 - born 11. 03. 1920;  Konstantynowicz Jurij son of Pietr, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 198 - born 06. 01. 1968; Konstantynowicz Olga daughter of Siergiej, tel. 3260037, Birjulevskaja 12 / 2, 198 - born 14. 06. 1968; Konstantynowicz G. V. 3227945 Proletarskij Prospekt No 35 apt. 21; Konstantynowicz L. L. tel. 3260306 Birjulevskaja Str. 12 / 2, 177; Konstantynowicz K. M. tel. 9300585 Leninskij Prospekt 72, 473; Konstantynowicz Aleksander 1241454 born 09. 09.  1948; Konstantynowicz Andrew / Andrzej son of Stanislaw 1115257 Starokashirskoje shosse  No 4 / 2 Apt. 120; Konstantynowicz Vladimir son of Aleksandr tel. 5233572, Valashiha G.  Kalinina No 2, 106 - born 13. 10. 1949; according to:   http://www.nomer.org/minsk/

Ukraine

A. V. Konstantinowicz and I. A. Konstantinowicz - experts of ionization energies in Ukraine, unknown ancestry. Sergiej / Sergej Konstantynowicz - born 1984, stay in Kijev where he studied "Kijevskij  Politechniczeskij Institut" to 2004. 

Uzbekistan   

Pavel / Pawiel Konstantynowicz in Taskient, area of Czilonzar C-17-51,  unknown ancestry; was  born in 18. 09. 1986 

France

Nicholas and Pierre Konstantynowicz - personal members of the "Friends of  the Russian Museum International Society". The ancestry from Vasilij Konstantynowicz.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

settled themselves in   CANADA   

Vancouver - Karen Konstantynowicz; College of Medicine in Regina - B. Konstantynowicz  

in Denmark 

at the beginning of the 20th cent.; Maria H. and T. Konstantynowicz   now  

USA

OHIO and Ellis Island in the beginning of the 20th cent.: Peter (or  Piotr the 2nd probably)  Konstantinovich who was married to Mary G.; new data at  http://www.ancestry.com/ 

about  Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania - Anthony Konstantinovich  born 1877, Helena  Konstantinovich 1885 Anthony Konstantinovich 1910John  Konstantinovich 1913 Theodora Konstantinovich b.  1914 and  Charles  Konstantinovich;   

Olga I. Konstantinovich who was born 1860 in  Kiev -  after 1880 in Paris -  daughter of  Alexander Konstantinovich Bronislaw  Konstantinovich in  Philadelphia, PA (1915 - 1918)  and his wife  Stella nee Marcinkiewicz; Mary  (i.e. Maria born 1863) Konstantinovich died in   Princeton, NJ on July 26th,  1916;  

in the thirties of the 20th cent.Konstantinovich Michael ( Michal),   Konstantinovich  Jacob (Jakov = Jakub) and Casmir (Kazimierz),  Konstantinovich  Boleslauf  and Eugene (Eugeniusz in the Detroit area - WJLB radio)  H. Konstantinovich and also  Anthony;   

now in USA:  KONSTANTINOVICH MATTHEUS from RUSSIA  according to US  District Court in BOSTON, MA; MARY P. born c. 1934,  Brandon Konstantinovich REGINA born c. 1925, EDWARD born c. 1924,  Steven Konstantinovich; DIANE S. born c.  1942  http://www.pmi-chicagoland.org/membership/; WALTER born c. 1968 (inf. 01 APR 2001 - 15 FEB 2004  from FORT BRAGG); K. Konstantinovich born c. 1955; Konstantinovich Aleksei -  an unknown line - in "Military Review" and "Current Digest of the Post-Soviet  Press"; MARGARET; ROBERT and Leon Konstantinovich who was born in  Baldwinville on April 28th, 1911 and resided in Baldwinville, MA.

Edward Konstantynowicz / Edward Constantinowitz, on May 18, 1896 arrived to New York, from Hamburg, Germany, was born 1874 in Russia.
Michal Konstantynowicz / Mikas Constantinowitz.

Very interesting history at http://boards.ancestrylibrary.com/surnames.constance/5/mb.ashx on "... great-grandfather, Peter Constantinovich (Piotr Konstantynowicz / Petr Konstantinovich born probably ca 1880 / 1885, was living in Wilno / Vilnius / Vilno, ex-Polish, Russia in 19th cent.) d. early 1950s in USA... Peter was married to Mary Wasko (d. 1982?) / Maria Wasko - they may have lived in the Lowellville, OH area (suburb of Youngstown near Struthers) early in the 20th century; all remained in the environs of Youngstown - and their children were Paul, William, George, John (Jack), Stanley, Tom / Tomash / Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz / Konstantinovich, and Virginia (adopted). ... Paul Constance (1909-1992). However, his brother still has the surname Constantinovich...".

Karol Konstantynowicz / Charles Konstantinovich b. on May 6, 1947 and died on March 12, 2007, last known residence is at Africa, but he was living and died in the United States.

At http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dave-constantinovich/9/427/107 on Dawid Konstantynowicz / David / Dave Constantinovich, Managing Director, IT Customer Support Services at American Electric Power; past Managing Director, IT Infrastructure Engineering at American Electric Power; Columbus, Ohio; education - Graduate of Boardman High School, Class of 1977, University of Dayton MBA, Business Administration 1985 - 1988 and Youngstown State University BSEE, Electrical Engineering 1977 - 1981; Birth: 1959 and death: June 22, 2010; member and served as board member for the following clubs and associations: Scioto Boat Club, Columbus, OH, Association of Telecommunication Professionals, Columbus, OH, Utilities Telecommunications Council, Washington DC, Hilliard Baseball Association, and Cub Scout Troop Leader. Parents, Thomas and Josephine Constantinovich; wife Rita; children, Craig, Ryan and Kevin Constantinovich; sisters, Diane (Gary) Peterson and Karen (Douglas) Thorpe; and brother, Thomas Jr. (Cindy) Constantinovich; Kevin Constantinovich was born in 1996. Kevin currently lives in Hilliard, Ohio.
Josephine Constantinovich in Youngstown, OH. Her husband Tomasz Konstantynowicz / Thomas Constantinovich / Konstantinovich born Dec 1928. Her sister Antoinette DiBenedetto of Youngstown and brother James DiBenedetto, who was born Nov. 30, 1926, in Struthers, a son of Dominic and Julia Fabilli DiBenedetto. Her son Thomas Constantinovich was born in 1954. Thomas currently lives in Youngstown, Ohio. Josephine Constantinovich from Boardman, OH was born in 1931; residential Address Boardman, OH 44512.

Dominic and Julia Fabilli DiBenedetto; or Dominic Dibenedetto (Di-Benedetto family in Italy) b. ca 1891 / 1895 - Italy, 1935 - Youngstown, Mahoning County, Ohio. Maybe from Italy: Naples, Comune di Montemiletto, Sepring, Fano Adriano (Abruzzo, province Teramo), Licodea Eubea, Huada in Licodia, or Palermo. In Youngstown, Ohio: Anna Dibenedetto, b. 1900, Anthony L. Dibenedetto born 1924, Daniel Dibenedetto b. 1894, Domenico Dibenedetto b. 1894, Emilia Dibenedetto b. 1899, Giulia Dibenedetto b. 1902, Giulio Dibenedetto b. 1890 and Goldie G. Dibenedetto b. 1925.

Craig Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH; Cathy Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Michael Constantinovich in Meadville, PA; Patricia Constantinovich in Saegertown, PA; Ryan Constantinovich in Hilliard, OH. Above named Rita Constantinovich - at Ohio Orthopedic Surgery Institute in Columbus, Ohio. 1978 - Cardinal Mooney High School Class in Youngstown, OH.
Constantinovich, Gennadi.
Cindy Constantinovich / Cynthia Constantinovich OH, Youngstown 7854 Huntington circle; Karen M. Constantinovich in OH; Catherine Constantinovich in PA; Thomas Constantinovich OH and Diane R. Constantinovich OH; Anna M. Constantinovich in PA; Iane Constantinovich OH, Kathy A. Constantinovich PA and Andrew Constantinovich FL.

More inf. in 'Ancestry.com'.

Stanislaus Constantinovich and his spouse: Catherine Constantinovich.

Stefan Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz from Russia to MA on 04 November 1896, age 23, occupation Laborer, embarkation port Hamburg, ship name Phoenicia.

Andrew  Konstantinovich located in St. Petersburg - Florida; Maksymilian  Konstantinovich - Ropiewski in Colorado; Casey Konstantinovich in the  Franklin Park School; JOHN W.; TED P. Konstantinovich born c. 1921;  Chief Operations Officer in Philadelphia or Newton's Vice President of  Finance and Operations (Newton Resource Group, a digital media company based in Pennington, NJ Tom Konstantinovich; T. Konstantinovich in Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA;   FRANK; BECKY; Josephine Konstantinovich of Youngstown; EDWARD  M.; EDYTHE M.; D. Konstantinovich and WENDY born c. 1969; Lee  Michaels  (Konstantinovich) born Nov. 2nd, 1942, in Chicago, and died on  March 2nd, 2003 in   Maywood, son of Margaret and Vincent  Konstantinovich, lived in Palatine (his sisters, Bernice  Harker and Mary Lund; brother, Edward  Konstantinovich); Chris  Konstantinovich acted as CFO; according to "Social Security  Death Index Search Results" RUTH KONSTANTOWIC or probably   Konstantinovich Konstantynowicz b. Jun. 1919 and d. 1994 in New Castle,  Pennsylvania and JOHN  KONSTANTOWIC b. Oct. 1923, d. 1988; you see more  details:  
http://www.ancestry.com/

November 2013 new data.

"Wilhelm (Bill) Konstantynowicz passed away in peace and with dignity, as he wished, in his home on Sunday evening October 2nd, 2005. He is predeceased by his father Kasper, mother Zofia, brothers Julius, Edward and sister Mary. A devoted husband for 54 years to his wife, Hermina; a strong and caring father to daughters Karin and Barb; a supportive father-in-law to Douglas Ford and Jeff Scott; Grandfather and Papa to Isabel, Alexander and Jessica, he is also survived by his sister-in-law Regina (Chicago), sister and brother-in-law Mila and Helmut (Australia) and nieces, nephews, cousins and friends around Canada, the United States, Europe and Australia. Wilhelm was born in 1920 in the hamlet Butlerowszczyzna, Slonim, Nowogrodek Poland. During World War 2, he served as a commando with the 2nd Battalion of the Polish Corps of the British Army and took part in the Battle of Bologna. In July of 1947, he arrived in Canada aboard the Aquatania. Wilhelm retired from the CNR after 36 years of service...".

By http://www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/140525/Konstantynowicz-Wilhelm.php

See ancestry.com also.

In USA: KONSTANTYNOWICZ Edward, b. 28 Feb 1922 in New Jersey, d. 12 Apr 1990 in Arizona

acc. to: www.findagrave.com. Residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Acc. to: Arizona Obituary Archive: Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, by Pat Wilson, of Phoenix, AZ, died on January 14, 2004 - Palm Lakes Village Clubhouse, Phoenix, Arizona. PALM LAKES VILLAGE in Phoenix, Arizona is located in the

Paradise Valley area of Phoenix;

Paradise Valley is a small, affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.

Different

Edward Konstantynowicz m. Helen Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA.

At Cook County, Illinois, Edward Konstantynowicz m. to Regina Worotynska.

Matthew Konstantynowicz and

Edythe Konstantynowicz from AZ, USA. Edythe Mae Konstantynowicz, b. 1931, d. 2004 (26 Jan 2004). Regina Worotynska, from Cook, Illinois, United States.

California: Lillian Keller nee Konstantynowicz, b. 1919 or 1920 and her father Pawel / Paul Konstantynowicz, born 1896 in the Russian Empire and died 1995.

In Texas: Rebecca Konstantynowicz, Waler Konstantynowicz or Walter Konstantynowicz.

Tillie Konstantynowicz, b. 1885 in Lithuania, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Walter Konstantynowicz married to Lucy Konstantynowicz, he born 1889 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Michael Konstantynowicz m. Josephine Konstantynowicz, he b. 1891 in Poland, residence: 1935 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1894 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Paul Konstantynowicz m. Eleanore Konstantynowicz, he b. 1895 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Eleanore Konstantynowicz b. 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Lucy Konstantynowicz m. Walter Konstantynowicz - she born 1899 - Poland, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Peter Konstantynowicz b. 1909 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Alfred Konstantynowicz b. 1920 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia.
Lillian Konstantynowicz b. 1919 or 1920 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Her brother was Thaddeus Konstantynowicz; Thaddeus had no children and Lillian had two sons. Thaddeus Konstantynowicz b. 1922 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Florance Konstantynowicz, b. 1922 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz b. 1923 - Philadelphia, residence: 1935 - Philadelphia. Frank Konstantynowicz b. 1924 - New Jersey, residence: 1935 - Trenton, Mercer, New Jersey. Michael Konstantynowicz Junior, b. 1927 - Philadelphia, 1935 - Philadelphia. Stanley Konstantynowicz, b. 1927 - Michigan, residence: 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz, b. 1929 - Michigan, 1935 - Detroit, Wayne, Michigan. Jacob Konstantynowicz next of kin with Casmir Konstantynowicz, Jacob b. 1871, residence: 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Casmira Konstantynowicz m. to Jacob Konstantynowicz, she b. 1876, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Boleslav Konstantynowicz, b. 1878, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Walter Konstantynowicz m. to Ludwika Konstantynowicz, he b. 1880, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Ludwika Konstantynowicz b. 1898, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Eugene Konstantynowicz, b. 1901, res. Wayne, Michigan. Joe Konstantynowicz, born 1905, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Stanley Konstantynowicz b. 1926, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Leonard Konstantynowicz, b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1929, 1930 - Wayne, Michigan. Josephine Polishak or Konstantynowicz, m. to Walter Polishak, b. 1910, 1930 - Cook, Illinois. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz son of Patricius Konstantynowicz.
Helena Konstantynowicz m. to Bronislaw from Philadelphia.
Konstanty Konstantynowicz m. to Kamilia Eisymont in Philadelphia.
Antoni Konstantynowicz, m. to Geleczutie, in Philadelphia. Joseph Konstantynowicz / Jozef Konstantynowicz, died 1890, Illinois. Boleslaw Konstantynowicz m. Anastazya, he was son of Julius Konstantynowicz from Illinois. Stella Konstantynowicz or Konstant, died 1946 in Cook County, Illinois.
Anton Konstantynowicz m. Agnes Scott in Illinois.
Paulina Konstantynowicz m. Iguatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy Konstantynowicz, Cook County, Illinois. Michael Konstantynomiog or Micheal Konstantynowicz, b. 1887, 1920 - Bristol, Massachusetts. Boleslauf Konstantynowicz m. Stella Konstantynowicz, b. 1875, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz m. Helena Konstantynowicz, b. 1877, 1920 - Philadelphia. Ladielaus Konstantynowicz, or Ladislas Konstantynowicz or Wladyslaw, b. 1880, 1920 - Wayne, Michigan. Stella Konstantynowicz b. 1880, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Helena Konstantynowicz m. Anthony Konstantynowicz, b. 1885, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Frances Konstantynowicz b. 1901, 1920 Wayne, Michigan. Bernice Konstantynowicz, b. 1906, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Vincent Konstantynowicz b. 1909, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois. Anthony Konstantynowicz b. 1910, 1920 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 1912, 1920 - Cook (Chicago), Illinois. John Konstantynowicz b. 1913, 1920 Philadelphia. Theodora Konstantynowicz, b. 1914, 1920 Philadelphia. Ivan Konstantynowicz ? Jan Konstantynowicz, b. 1915, 1920 - city, Cook (Chicago). Charles Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz, b. 1918, 1920 Philadelphia. Agnes Konstantyrowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, b. 1863, 1920 Cook (Chicago). Atone Konstantyrowicz / Anton Konstantynowicz /

Antoni Konstantynowicz m. to Agnes Konstantynowicz / Agnieszka Konstantynowicz, born 1873, 1920 Cook (Chicago), Illinois.
Paula Konstantynowicz m. Matt Konstantynowicz, or Paulina married to Mateusz Konstantynowicz. Antonina Konstantynowicz, residence Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Frank Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Josef Konstantynowicz from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Anna Konstantynowicz from Allegheny.

From Canada to U.S. John Konstantynowicz b. in Poland, arrived to Buffalo, New York, USA.

Stanley Konstantynowicz and Wendy Konstantynowicz m. Michael Joseph Tuten in Sumner, Tennessee. Karen Konstantynowicz m. David Keith Layman. Eugene Henry Konstantynowicz from Michigan. Bronislaw Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania. Jan Konstantynowicz of 13 Mar 1934 in Pennsylvania. Mrs B. Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rogumela Konstantynowicz of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Konstantynowicz and Ignatz Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Frances Konstantynowicz m. Joseph Konstantynowicz, New Jersey, USA. Michael Konstantynowicz from Pennsylvania, USA.
Michael Konstantynowicz Jr of New Jersey, USA. Ignacy Konstantynowicz m. Mary Konstantynowicz from New Jersey, USA. Helen C. Konstantynowicz m. Edward M. Konstantynowicz of New Jersey. John Konstantynowicz of Minnesota, USA -

all data acc. to http://search.ancestry.com/

Wladyslaw Konstantynowicz in Michigan, USA; Teodor / Theodore Konstantynowicz in Austria, and next in New Jersey, USA, in 1942. Paul Frank Konstantynowicz in Michigan, USA, from Germany. Marcin Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Southampton; Cherbourg; New York. Edmund Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Boulogne-sur-Mer; Plymouth; New York; Rokas Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Southampton; Cherbourg; New York; Elisabeth Konstantynowicz arrival to Cuxhaven; Boulogne-sur-Mer; Plymouth; New York. Wlodzimierz Konstantynowicz b. in Poland, departure in Belgium, arrival to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Acc. to http://search.ancestry.co.uk/ (all right reserved for Ancestry.co.uk).

Alexander Konstantynowicz 1929 - 1980. Lucille Konstantynowicz m. Albert Hoffman of Cook, Illinois. Amela Konstantynowicz / Amelia of New York from Southampton, England. Antoni Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Konstancya Konstantynowicz to New York from Southampton, England. Carl Konstant / Carl Konstantynowicz / Karol Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 in Poland, on 28 Apr 1938 in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa.

Josephine Konstant / Josephine Konstantynowicz b. 19 Mar 1905 - Poland, inf. 18 Jan 1938.

Boleslaw Konstantynowicz b. 15 May 1875 in Poland, inf. 5 May 1926, arrival: 1907, and Alexander Konstantynowicz b. 26 Feb 1876 - Poland, arr. 1903, after in Illinois.

Ignatz Konstantynowicz / Ignacy / Ignatz Kuntz / Ignatz b. 8 Jan 1881 - Poland, inf. 21 Feb 1924, arrival: 1905.

Marion Carl Konstantynowicz b. 14 Aug 1897 - Poland, inf. 28 Apr 1938, residence: Illinois.

Harriet Konstantynowicz b. 18 Feb 1910 - Poland, inf. 22 Aug 1941, residence: Illinois.

Bronislaw Konstantynowicz, from Russia, inf. 16 May 1913, residence: Pennsylvania. Francis Konstantynowicz of NJ. S. Konstantynowicz of NJ. Walter Konstantynowicz of GA. Rebecca A. Konstantynowicz of AK.

Australia acc. to ancestry.com:
Marth Emma Konstantynowicz from 1958 Werriwa, New South Wales, Australia. Teresa Konstantynowicz from 1963 Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1963 and 1968, 1972, 1977 and 1980 from Perth, Western Australia. Teresa Maria Konstantynowicz 1968, 1972, 1980 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Irene Maria Konstantynowicz of 1972 Perth, Western Australia, Australia and 1977, 1980 Perth. Martha Emma Konstantynowicz from 1980 Prospect, New South Wales, Australia. Michael Konstantynowicz of 1980 from Prospect, New South Wales.

On June 15, 2001 Edward Konstantynowicz, the Second World War Polish Army Veteran: France and Italy Campaigns, a husband of 48 years to Regina, nee Worotynski; father of Krystyna (Malcolm) Glenn and Diane; brother of William (Mina); brother-in-law of Victor Vorotynski / Wiktor Worotynski. Funeral - the Wolniak Funeral Home, 5700 S. Pulaski Rd., to St. Nicholas of Tolentine Church, Mass. Interment Resurrection Cemetery.

Karin Konstantynowicz in Vancouver, Canada.

Monika Konstantynowicz, Operations Manager at Tourism Holdings in Brisbane Area, Australia; previous: Roamfree, Privately Held; Leisure, Travel & Tourism industry, Queensland, Australia.

PIOTR KONSTANTYNOWICZ AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families Konstantinavičius / Konstantinavicius / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich
Our "lost" Konstantinavicius / Konstantinavičius branches from Lithuania at prestent:
Konstantinavicius Aurimas; Mantas; Paulenas; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Edgaras Konstantinavicius; Justinas; Rytis; Agi; Arnoldas; Karolis; Dalius; Valdemaras; Rimas; Raimondas Konstantinavicius; Robertas Konstantinavicius; Vaclovas Konstantinavicius; Zydrunas Konstantinavicius and Jonas Konstantinavicius. Rytis Konstantinavicius is living now in Poland, born 1969 in Russia, the Komi district. Mantas Konstantinavicius in UK, address e-mail m.konstantinavicius@rhul.ac.uk and public phone: +44.07514074610. Vytukas Konstantinavicius. Karolis Konstantinavicius - ATB 'Labas Festas', Palanga / Polaga. Agata Konstantinavicius / Agi working in pottery, a public address: 57-450 Bartnica 46 in Poland. Ruta Konstantinaviciute - the Mykolo Romerio University in Vilnius, Lithuania. Mindaugas Konstantinavicius is associated with Beta Ink, Inc. with the role of President and is located in Chatsworth, CA and Los Angeles, CA; is related to Andrea Giedraitis in Los Angeles, CA. Povilas Konstantinavicius - Roma. Gus KonstantinaviciusAffiliate Manager, United States. Robertas Konstantinavicius in Norfolk. Vytautas Konstantinavicius and Edita Konstantinaviciene. Arvidas Konstantinavicius in Ayrshire. Paulius, 22 years in 2011, in Dunston 2010. Valdemaras Konstantinavicius, the Kutaisi Basketball Team. Povilas Konstantinavicius, a student at Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, Lithuania. Arnoldas Konstantinavicius. Vytautas Konstantinavicius, Security Officer at Elior UK. Sigitas Konstantinavicius in Lietuva. Simas Konstantinavicius, around 14 years, Liberalu Centro Sajunga; Robertas Konstantinavicius, around 30, Lietuva; Andrius Konstantinavicius and Rotautas Konstantinavicius; K. V. KonstantinaviciusPublications in Chemistry.

Vaclovas Konstantinavičius of Vilniaus valstybinis universitetas in 1971.
Jonas Konstantinavičius and (Brooklyn in 2009) his family, acc. to Danutė Leonova of 2011 :
Eugenija wife, Saulius son, Audrius son, Daiva daughter, Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė mother, Steponas Konstantinavičius father, Teofilė sister, Stasė sister, Elena sister, Petras Konstantinavičius brother.
Steponas Konstantinavičius and his family: Petronėlė Konstantinavičienė, Teofilė Tamulevičienė daughter, Stasė Bogušienė daughter, Elena Navickienė daughter, Petras Konstantinavičius son, Jonas Konstantinavičius son (in Estonia).
Povilas Konstantinavičius; Aiškutis Konstantinavičius from Lithuania born 1977; Medvaišas Konstantinavičius; Lucidas Konstantinavičius; Saulius Konstantinavičius in Varėnos / Marcinkonių (Savininkas); Aurimas Konstantinavičius in Kaišiadorių / Pravieniškių; Sigitas Konstantinavičius in Pagėgių / Vilkyškių; in Naujasodė, Druskininkų, Ramūnas Konstantinavičius; Evaldas Konstantinavičius; Tomas Konstantinavičius; Dalius Konstantinavičius in Vilnius; Konstantinavičius Kazimieras; Arūnas Konstantinavičius; Audrius Konstantinavičius; Arnold / Arnoldas Konstantinavicius in Marijampolės / Rygiškių, Jono gimnazija of Kauno / Kowno.
Mečislovas Konstantinavičius in Druskininkai; Arūno Konstantinavičiaus - tel.: 8 687 10524, in Naujasodė, 32313 Druskininkų sav. (close to Druskieniki) and address: Baravykų g. 7, Druskininkų m., Druskininkų sav.; boss Ramūnas Konstantinavičius, in Naujasodė, tel. (+370) 68710524 - Naujasodė village 2 miles east of Ratnyčia; Konstantinavičiūtė Rasa.

England   

Alice Konstantinowicz, chiropractor; Maciej Konstantynowicz Consulting Systems Engineer in Computer Networking; Michael  Konstantynowicz at  Manchester.

Acc. to http://search.ancestry.co.uk/ (all right reserved for Ancestry.co.uk): Alexander Konstantynowicz (1929-1980), Joseph Konstantynowicz, d. 1933 in Lancashire, England; Margaret Konstantynowicz, died 1980 in Merseyside, England; John Konstantynowicz d. Lancashire; Kathleen Konstantynowicz, m. in Lancashire; Michal Konstantynowicz + Igarashi, m. in London; Margaret M. Konstantynowicz m. Perry in Lancashire; Alexander Konstantynowicz m. Kemp in Lancashire; Mary Konstantynowicz, m. Orrett in Lancashire; Florence F. Konstantynowicz m. Martin in Michael Konstantynowicz in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire; John Konstantynowicz in Lancashire; Mary Konstantynowicz in Lancashire; Alexander Konstantynowicz born in Lancashire. Thomas Konstantynowicz - his mother Konstantynowicz, b. in Lancashire; Kathleen Konstantynowicz b. in Lancashire; Paula Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Michael Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Jill Konstantynowicz b. in Lancashire; Thomas Konstantynowicz born in Lancashire; Justine Rebecca Konstantynowicz b. Lancashire; Daniel Michal Konstantynowicz b. Buckinghamshire; Milowit Konstantynowicz b. London; Nina Anna Konstantynowicz b. Buckinghamshire; Anna Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; Iwan Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; M. Konstantynowicz departure from England to Canada; Edward Konstantynowicz departure from England to USA, in 1942 military.

Australia

Konstantynowicz Michal, departure port: Genoa, Italy on 27 Apr. 1949 - arrival port: Sydney - Australia on 27 May 1949, details are lacking. According to "Database = Australian Records" KONSTANTYNOWICZ Martha Emma d. Jan. 02nd, 1992 in Minto

ARGENTINA

Argentine Republic

Norway

Marek Konstantynowicz - "The Source and Different Cikadas", viola

The others in the world at present:

I had been told about (details are lacking) Pyotr and Helena Konstantinowicz - unknown ancestry and also  KONSTANTYNOWICZ Cyryl  who wrote "W obronie slowa"; dr. Feliks (Felix) Konstantynowicz - Soviet expert  of Chernobyl explosion; in Barnaul  (that is near to Novosibirsk = Nowonikolajewsk in the middle of the 20th cent.  where Basil  Konstantinowicz - rather ancestry of the Konstantynowiczs who derived from present  BUKOVINA or from Volhynia - and his wife Olga.  


Appendix D 
The Wankowicz family from the Berazino parish  

Melchior from Kaluzyca  was born c. 1775 in the Minsk province 

his sons:

Stefan (his son Teodor Bej, the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864; 1864 - 1905 emigre),  

Otton,

Walenty painter,

Zygmunt from Slepianka (his son Piotr from Slepianka was the activist of independence) and  

Karol   who was born c. 1800, died 1854 in Kaluzyca 

the sons of Karol above named:

Stanislaw from Rudakovo, naval engineer, 

Bohdan, Joachim, Florjan, and 

Melchior   was born 1843 in Kaluzyca, died in March of 1892, the January Insurrection 1863, 1863 - 1873 at  Siberia, the Minsk Agricultural Society at a later date  

the children of above Melchior Wankowicz: 

Czeslaw (1882 - 1912),  

Renata,

Witold "Tolo" Wankowicz  born 1877 Kaluzyca, 1917 commissioner in Berazino, 1917 - 1918 the chief of Union of Weapon (i.e.  "United Arms" at http://derela.republika.pl/austin2.htm; Mr. Witold Wankowicz was chief of the Union of Weapon, autonomous section of the Polish Military Organization, in the  Ihumen district; The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria - Hungary at the beginning of the 20th  century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski and that track went out from Petersburg among other things across Miezonka and Lodz in the direction to Galicia), the  commander of the Polish Military Organization in the Berazino region till 1920, afterwards in Poznan area (his son Jur), 

Melchior  writer was the last son of Melchior senior: was born January of 1892, died 1975, member of the Polish Military Organization.  His two daughters: 

Krystyna, died 1944 in Warsaw; 

Marta call TILI   married to Erdman, Switzerland before 1939, emigrant after 1945. Her two daughters: 

Anna Krystyna Erdman, born 1946 and  

Eva Erdman - Lazarewicz  born in New Jersey, married to Tadeusz Walendowski from USA; their son:  

David Walendowski who worked in a Dutch bank in Warsaw. More inf., see: Berezyna

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.



This is who is who among the family of Konstantynowicz in short. That isn't a family tree.
Many people have helped me with this paper. The author is greatly indebted to  all those who kindly supplied information. Especially acknowledgement  for a military archives in Poland and  England and a civil  archives in Argentina. Many thanks for your help. 

We bear in mind that the website was made up in memory of my father Edward Gwidon Konstantynowicz who died on 03rd  November 1987 in very strange circumstances so this is independent website thanks to host  Yahoo!

COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

September 2008 / 4 June 2014

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I concluded in my genealogical search that among families with Konstantynowicz surname which live in Poland are two or three separate groups: 

1.

The eldest information about a Konstantynowicz nickname, but not about the Fox coat of arms (crest), go back to 07 October 1515 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz) and to  the Hrodna area: 

Jakub (= Jakov) Konstantynowicz sued to a court his neighbour Tolloczko. His relative surely Olechno Konstantynowicz held a post in the Hrodna  municipal tribunal in 1539. He sued his neighbour Dowtortowicz in 1542. The Konstantynowiczs - both of above mentioned - were the  landowners of their Duke. Then the nest of them was in villages Toloczki, Ejsmonty and Jurewicze in the Hrodna region (probably since c. 1500) and  they  were knighted in 1578 with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms

We are lacking information that they had the Fox coat of arms proper already and I don't know if the Konstantynowicz nickname was the  surname  in anyone case in the beginning of the 16th cent.! Or it maybe the Konstantynowicz name was only an "otchestvo" (by-name) id est a  form deriving from Konstanty or Konstantyn names with oriental ending "wicz" (= vich). However it's not unlikely that Jakub was a  father of Olechno and Michno Konstantynowicz but there is no probability on proved of the thesis.  Michno and Olechno  that's  very popular form of Belorussian names with ending "-no" and "-ko" in the 15th and 16th cent.; I give others examples: Senko  Miloszewicz  from Ostryna 1528, Iwanko and Misko Miloszewicz in Podlasie, Mitko from Vicebsk = Vitsyebsk (or Witebsk) province in 1528,  Michno Lyszczynski in 1528, Michno Polanski 1515, Mleczko from Vilkmerge 1467, Piotr Olechnowicz (surname from Christian name of father) 1501,  Senko Mikolajewicz 1514, Szymko Mikolajewicz from Upita, Jacko son of Mikula Wasilkowicz A.D. 1525, Mitko (= Mikolaj) Mickiewicz with Fox  arms et ceteri and also little villages exempli gratia Olechnowszczyzna in the Minsk province; besides I found out about Dmitrei son of  Konstantin in the 15th century, Polut Konstiantinowic' mid 15th century, Kostiantinowic' Semen mid 15th century, Chebotko Konstiantinow  in 1540 and  Fedor Konstentinow son of Spits 1552, a clerk in Wisztyniec - Michal Konstantynowicz Sumorok A.D. 1571, Iwan  Konstantynowicz  from Kulbaczyna in 1572 (but with Mackowicz surname nicknamed Kulbaka or Mackiewicz), Jaroslaw Konstantynowicz (but with Lukomski surname 1595).

I was faced with the difficult task of collecting information and differing interpretations about origin of our ancestry. One has to be careful with final claims and theses for some years and in passing judgement on first person with the Konstantynowicz surname.

A person with a Konstantynowicz nickname in the first half of the 16th cent. didn't has to be the person with the Konstantynowicz surname. I called it purposely to the attention of you.

The  Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox  coat of arms proper lived  only in the Trakai district (i.e. district of Troki since c. 1550), the Samaites territory (since c. 1550)  and in the Minsk  province (since c. 1570) by c. 1600 (next  in the Slonim area after c. 1600 also in Vilna / Wilno since c. 1640) as good as proves it all  armorials. One of string evidences say us  for example  that the record of common noble  movement A.D. 1528 doesn't  point to persons with the Konstantynowicz surname in  any districts of Lithuania (Grand Principality of  Lithuania)  according to all historical  sources. 

You can write back to me E-mails (English, Russian, Belorussian, Polish languages)

bog4konsta@yahoo.com

 

A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501)  about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)".  A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too.

2.

Descendants of the Konstantynowicz family who derived from present Bukovina (Bukovina joined Austrian Empire in 1775 but it seems to be probable they moved house here from the Austria - Hungarys Volhynia after the 1st Partition of Poland, precisely in the eighties of the 18th century) at the border Ukraine on Roumania; it was the Greek church family in the 19th century  perhaps  and they (regarded as - in part, by authorities - Ukrainians) were displaced partially to the Mazury / East Prussia after 1945. Most of them live today in south - easterly Poland. You see also about village Zydowskie = Shydovskie where Michajlo Konstantynowicz lived and who was born 1790; his father was priest and mother - Maria Wapnicki - derived from Desznica i.e Deshnica; and about Emilian Konstantynowicz b. 1864, d. 1943, priest in 1887. They had  own GRECUL (i.e. GREKUL armorial bearings but own GREK arms was  Lithuanian origin, according to Mieroszowski) coat of arms in time of the Austria - Hungarys  Galicia at the beginning of the 19th cent. (Bazyli and Michal  Konstantynowicz 1803). I take note of them in ODESSA, Tschernowzy (= Chernovits in 1939 - 1940 and in Kiev after the second World War and 

besides e.g.  

"Officials in 1876" note in Bukovina: "(...) Konopasek Emanuel, Konstantinowicz von Grekul Gedeon, Landes-Hauptmann Stellvertreter (...)" and "Franz Josef-  Staatsgymnasium in Sereth": "(...) Kasriel Josef, Klocek Stanislaus Josef, Kohn Julius, Konstantinowicz, Ewald Ludwig Franz (...)". See: http://bukowina.info/FJSereth.pdf

Florin Konstantinowicz / Constantinovici from Roumania (Romania) was in Israel (the Tsafririm Holon team in 2001 - 2002).

3.

In all probability our ancestry with the Konstantynowicz surname derived from belorussian Czyz family i.e. Senko  Czyzewicz and his son Konstanty Czyz, I think. The Lithuanian - Byelorussian nobility was polonised as early as the 16th century (generally  speaking, the ethnically non Polish noble families of Belarus adopted the Polish language and culture but only Byelorussian was official language of the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 14th - 17th centuries till 1697) and converted from the Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism. The Czyz family used the coat of arms of FOX proper since 

1534 

id est Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza 

either Marcin Czyz Konstantynowicz from Nieczyca 

or Marcin Czyz Nieczycki (or Nietecki because different opinions have been passed upon him; more inf. on the Fox coat of arms in Lithuania and Belarus, see: the Fox crest) who was born probably c. 1495

The royal courtier Marcin Konstantynowicz Czyz from Nieciecza according to: 

Niesiecki 1839

Czarniecki 1875 

Boniecki 1901 

Leszczyc 1908/13, page 210

historical magazine of 1914

historical magazine of April 1938 (number 4/17, page 49)

Dymmel of 1995.

Konstantynowicz Czyz unknown of name (either Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 or the  probability is that Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus) was missed out in the last  will and testament of his father 

1547 

and devoid of a legacy which daughter Margaret inherited; she had got some brothers. Another lawsuits were also at that time: lady Katarzyna Czyz -  Boguszewski vs. her sons i.e. the sons of Stanislaw Wojciechowicz Czyzewicz or Czyz in 1546 and at the same time Jan Czyzewicz son of Jurij and his wife Hanna nee Narbut vs. Aleksander Czyzewicz son  of Wojciech in 1547.  

Part of the Czyz family from neighbourhood of Lida (either Nietiacz, Nieciecz, Nieciecza, Nieczyca or Nietiaz near to Dubrovny and  farther  Lipniszki, 9 km from Lida

c. 1550 

have accepted the Konstantynowicz surname (from Christian name of father according to Leszczyc of 1908/13; Konstiantin or Kostiantin = Konstantin that is "steadfast, constant") adopting the  armorial bearings of FOX proper and  moved out  to the Samaites territory  and also to the Trakai district, and after   from here to the Minsk province  circa 

1570

   I don't know surely where did Michno = Michal / Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus come from. I don't know doubtless if exactly Michno  was stripped of the assets by his sister in 1547.  

But then Miknos  Konstantinoviciaus /  Konstantinovicius - nobleman from Zaleskovscizna  /  Zaleskowszczyzna - was  founder of Roman  Catholic church in 

Krikstonys 

1562 

   Settlement Krikstonys / KRIKŠTONYS in Lithuania now, in  subdistrict Norageliai,   county Alytus / Olita, now the parish of Christ the King in Krikstonys   67252, phone 31847893; Post Office in Krikstonys, LT - 67014, Lazdijai Lozdzee / Lozdzieje District Municipality. Krikstonys is 18,5 km SW of  Alytus - near by Zilviciai, Gudonys, Dubravai and Lizdai; 2,5 km West of Nemunas and 5 km SE of Norageliai.
Krikštonių bažnyčia that is the Krikstonys church / Krikštonis (Krikštónys, Krikštonis, Krikštonys) in Lithuania / Литва / Litauen. Beside Nemunas. The Krikštonių cemetery is an archeological monument of national importance. "The priest of Krikštonis church and the land surveyor J. Reitelaitis was buried in the churchyard of this church". Krikstonys in Lithuania is located about 102 km South-West of Vilnius.

   

In reality just famous 

Michno Konstantynowicz / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus  / Michal  Konstantinovicius 

received a big estate, an arable ground and forested land from the king Sigismund Augustus on 

04 January 1554 

i.e. the Merkine farmland or 

Merecz Michnowski 

was situated in the Merkine area, Merkine parish (= Merecz, Meretium or Merken area in the Troki district in the ex-province of Troki; a chief officer for life of the Merkine area was Jan Janowicz      Zabrzezinski / Zaberezenski since 1536; the Junowicz family lived close by Merkine - see also: the Pileszyszki estate), beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas), next to estuary of  Merkys  =  Mereczanka river 

and the same Michno possessed a landed property 

Zaleskowszczyzna / Zaleskovscizna  

49 km N-W-N of Lida in the Troki or Trakai district, too (close by a south - easterly border of the former Trakai district) as early as 

1552 

and it seems he owned Merkine (2nd) farmland in addition id est 

Merecz Michnowo 

upstream of Merkys river in the Turgeliai parish, 38 km S-E-S of Vilnius. Zaleskowszczyzna, Merecz Michnowski, Ulkiszkisettlement Krikstonys and Merecz Michnowo are situated at the territory of   independent, since 1918 (1940 - 1991 occupied), Republic of Lithuania. We set out to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 original of the privilege edited by the king to MICHNO Konstantynowicz who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area  on 04 January 1554 and many of documents of 18th cent.  

c. 1550 Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territorythe Poszeszow estate in the middle of the 16th century

1598

Petrus Konstantynowicz

in France and Perugia (a province of Umbrien in Italy) according to "Lista degli scolari (...)"

1600

The Konstantynowicz family used POCHOWICZ by-name (or Pohozy, Pohosha, Pohowicz, Rokoz, Rohoza and Pokoz nicknames, information of 1937) at first in the Minsk province since A.D. 1600. 

It was a certain Rohoza family in the Orsa district and Verchnjadzvinsk (i.e. Dryssa) region A.D. 1602/1643 but it's not our line

c. 25 August 1601

A certain judicial document from the

district of Trakai 

(i.e. Troki) tell us about noblemen, Jan Sobolewski of Busilolisdy by Kraksznia river near by Urkiszki and Stanislaw Kiszka, who litigated against a neighbour from Lachowicze due to the same taken away a little ground in 1600; the landowner called Pavel i.e.

Pawel Konstantynowicz,

Matys Gozdziewski and Stefan Stankiewicz in evidence at the end of August 1601; we read in the document about neighbours: Koklin family and Jan Sowgowicz, and also about a functionary from Trakai, Jan Stanislawowicz from Bogdanowicze village; the document signed in 

Urkiszki

and above village Urkiszki i.e. Ulkiszki was situated only 1 km NW of Rudziszki (i.e. Rudiskes, Lithuania now). 

07 March 1643

Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz

was rewarded a privilege in the Minsk province handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa. Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz derived from above mentioned Mikolay.

These  facts noted down in armorials of the Grand duchy of  Lithuania: 

1578 Konstantinowicz who was born c. 1530 

1584 Michal Konstantynowic / Miknos Konstantinoviciaus / Konstantinovicius 

1661 

they partially moved house to the EAST BELARUS in the MSCISLAU / Mstsislaw province  near to: 

KRYCAU / Kritschew by Sosh / Kritchev / Krychaw  where we had eight hundred peasants c. 1700;  neighbourhood: the Brujewicz family (in Krycau A.D. 1745), Czyz (Bazyli Czyz was an officer in Krycau in 1522), Danilowicz (Russians burned down Krycau in 1655 and all assets of Pawel Danilowicz,  too), Holynski family (proprietors of  towns Krychaw = Kritchev and Klimavici but after 1772), Jerzy Malachowski, Nowodworski, Petrazycki, dukes Polubinski or Polubenski (here as early as  1540), Siemaszko (Jan Siemaszko + wife Tomila Saprynowski at the castle of Kritchev / Krychaw in 1695), Siemienowicz (a priest Wasyl Siemienowicz in 1664), a certain Szalus (clerk in Krycau in 1568 - he  fought against Russians in the Smolensk province), Mikolaj Shukovski (Nikolay Zhukovski i.e. Zukowski), Usakowski (in Zarubec since 1878), Weselowski (i.e. Wesolowski or Wiesiolowski in Kritschew as early  as 1634 and next in 1663), Jan  Zadanowicz (or Zdanowicz, Zdanavicius in Kritchev = Krychaw A.D. 1662, he came from the Orsa / Orscha district), Wacur (in Kritschew and nearby Zimonino or Zimonin) and  others families

MSCISLAU  (= Mstsislaw, Mstislavl, Mstislawl

(the effigy from http://www.kresy.co.uk/belo_costume.html)  

and in the region northwards of MSCISLAU i.e. the  villages Samava  (either Szamowo by the Lejedna river or Chamovo at the map   of 1834, Czamow at the map "Carte Des Frontieres de Pologne  et de Russie (...)" by Rizzi Zannoni  of 1772, only 3 km from present border of Russia), KopceukaNiesterevo  or  Niesterow - the Berezetnia estate, where  Swedes  looted  their assets on 29 - 30 August (the battle near to  Dobroje by White  Natopa river 16 km SW of Mscislau) A.D. 

1708 

Those near and dear in the Mscislau / Mstsislaw territory, the Polish and others known and renowned families

Brujewicz 

of Boncza arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, in Bohdanovka - i.e. Bogdanowka in Russia  now - in the Mscislau ex-district since 1870 and here also Poplatyno since 1870; Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn - Bor or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejeviczi, 12 km NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy or Czausy - since 1876

counties  Puszkin Pushkin 

according to Szaposznikow, vol. 1, in Mscislau = Mstsislaw 1774; owned Kolodzicz / Oltuchow in the province A.D. 1560, next Sielec or Sjalec farm south of Mstsislaw (according to "Philip's Concise World Atlas", 2003) i.e. Mscislau,  Novae Sjalo  i.e. Nowosiolki SW of Mscislau in 1774  and Monachi  from Suchodolski  family;   relations: Sokolowski Konstantynowicz  and Reutt  family.  The greatest Russian poet, founder of classical  Russian   poetry, Alexander Pushkin, born June 6, 1799, in Moscow, into the old noble family.  

Dederko 

of Dederkalo arms (the crest verified on 10 March 1798, they lived in the Mscislau province and possessed: Stare Siolo - 8 km NW of Mscislau, Nowe  Siolo i.e. Novae Sjalo - 13 km SW of Mscislau, Hryckowo, Pisarzewszczyzna and Turowka -  14  km  SW of   Novae Sjalo  / Nowoje Sselo  Nowe Siolo /  Nowosiolki)  

Holynski

relations: Chelchowski at the beginning of the  17th  cent., Suryn before 1663, Kolski from Chlyszczewo by 1670 Ostankiewicz, Hurko, Konstantynowicz, Wojna,  Karpilowicz, Anna nee Sutocki + Norbert Holynski from Janovek,  Moskiewicz, Piszczal from Brakowiec, Kurzeniecki, counties Aleksandrowicz and Starosielski  from Holedz at the  beginning of the 18th cent.; Bojwid, Chodzkiewicz, Kaszyc,  Mister(ow), Kirkor, Zyrkiewicz, Zukowski  and Stachowski in  the 18th cent.; Kotly, Issakowicz, Nagorski (i.e. Nagurski; pilot Jan I.  Nagurskij did "the world first flight in Nesterov's flying boat on  September 17th, 1916 twice with a passenger"; the international record was registered by the Airclub counsel on November 16th, 1916), Swatkowski  (Swiatkowski) + Tekla nee Holynski at the end of the 18th cent.; Czudowski, Ciechanowiecki and Wieczor at the beginning  of the 19th cent. 

dukes Horski

places: Miksztyn or Miksztyno, Dudino, Liszki and Cerkowiszcze, and next here Ciechanowiecki, Hurko, Taran,  Suchodolski families 

Hurko

in Jurkowszczyzna - 1330 ha. - near to Soino, Russia now; the Hurko house related to Dabrowski family of the  Abdank coat of arms, branch from the Siauliai and Kaunas territories; relations: the Konstantynowiczs 

Jaroszewicz

Ludwik lived here in 1764 

Korsak

Jozef Korsak, officer in the Mscislau province in 1611 - lived in Hlybokae, too; the others after 1667; possessed Holubicze in the Polack = Polatsk province and an estate in the Merkine parish - the Trakai district; in the Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk  government related to the Lissowski house 

Korzeniewski 

or Korzeniowski with the Fox coat of arms or Kosciesza arms according to Piekosinski, derived from the Brest province;  the house distinguished in the Vitsyebsk  /  Vicebsk province, the Polack / Polatsk province and Livonia since the  beginning of the 18th cent.; the Korzeniewski house possessed village Usa (Usza or Staraja Usha) near by Kaluzyn, and  also they possessed in the Minsk government in the end of the 19th cent.: Piorunov(y) Most together with Nieciejewski  family, Krasny Brzeg and Hajdukowa Sloboda (Galdukova Sslobodka); Korzeniewski Jerzy + Konstancja nee Jablonski  from  the Mscislau province were owners of the Jurkowszczyzna farm in 1766 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth / Grand Principality  of  Lithuania i.e. a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania then, and Russia now   http://www.szlachta.org/tomecki.htm); they verified themselves in Hrodna in 1835; related to Ulanowski family 

Kurko

Jurkowszczyzna village, close by estates of the families Hurko, dukes Polubinski and Rajewski in the 19th cent.

Petryzycki

or Pietrazycki, Petrazycki, Petrazickis in the Orsa and Mahileu areas A.D. 1592, Mscislau 1648, farms in Suchanowo 1654, Koscielnik and Szamowszczyzna = Samauscyna 7 km NW of Mscislau; near to Krycau 1695, village Petrazyce or Pietryki by 1813 

Polonicki

related to the Konstantynowicz family; they derived from Eustafi Polonicki who stayed in Kaniow in 1663 

dukes Polubinski

Leo Polubinski in the first half of the 16th cent.; Wasil in Mstislawl A.D. 1535, Iwan was officer in Mscislau 1569, Konstantyn Polubinski in Mscislau 1627 - 1629, Karol was clerk in Mscislau in 1700; they possessed village Leszczynsk A.D. 1510, Slowuczany and next village Jurkowszczyzna since 1858 - 7 km NE of Soino i.e. Sojna at the map of 1859; the family was kinsman to the Fedorowicz house and Wolowicz i.e. Wollowicz - middle 16th century 

Rajewski 

or Rajewskij, Rajauskas with Nalecz and Radwan arms in Belarus as early as 1509, here in 1528 and after 1595, 1623,  owned Kislowicze and Fenowszczyzna in 1663, Perany in 1664, Stajow from the Ipacewicz family and Jurkowszczyzna  since 1858 - together with Polubinski; their neighbours: Komorowski from Mazyki, Ipacewicz, Strzyzewski, Zloczewski  c.  1664 

Sutocki 

i.e. Sutockas of the Dolega coat of arms with Malkowicz nickname, numerous estates in the Mscislau district in the 19th cent., next in the Trakai district, related to: Kijacki, Holynski, Krzywicki, Kozuchowski, Kondratowicz, Ostankiewicz, Zubr, Platowski - vide the work of Jan Ciechanowicz ed. in Rzeszow 2001, vol. 5 

counties  Wollowicz

or Volovitch since 1590 in this territory, next of kin with the Szemiot family in 1700, owned A.D. 1778: Staje Berezetnia, Horowatka, Ray - i.e. Bolschoj Raj in present Russia and near by border between Belarus and  Russia, Miteykow i.e. Miljejkova close by current border, Kozuchowicze - i.e. Koshuchowitschi in  Russia now, Polachowszczyzna, Jurginow and Pietrowicze i.e. Petrovici estate - 810 ha. and 10 km E of Soino - in  Zahustyn area, the Klimavicy district A.D. 1784, Russia now; related to Kamienski - inf. of 1623; others in Mscislau  in  1634, too.  

They came of Stanislaw Wissygina of 1413 with Bogorya arms according to Niesiecki of 1842, vol. 9, p. 414 - 421: and his son Jerzy Wyssyginowicz who accepted Wolowicz surname in 1454, and also his grandson Jerzy Wolowicz who fought in the battle near by Viedrussa in 1499, this last Jerzy had 3 sons (Niesiecki missed out a generation, I think): Bogdan, Grzegorz and third unknown; two sons came of this third unknown: Ostafiej - inf. of 1568 and Marcyan + wife nee Pac: they had 3 sons i.e. Dominik + wife nee Savicki, Jan Kazimierz + Katarzyna nee Narushevich - inf. of 1676 and Wincenty who died in 1698; above Dominik had 3 sons: Marcyan 2nd + Antonina nee Zahorovski in the Mscislau area in 1704, Krzysztof  and Wincenty from the Mscislau  province; Wincenty had daughter who had gotten married to Pac, and also six sons: Marcyan 3rd, Dominik 2nd, Aleksander, Krzysztof, Jerzy and  Stanislaw  who died in 1737 and had gotten married to Eleonora Racs; this last Stanislaw had two sons living in the Mscislau province in the middle  of the 18th cent.  

and others families. More inf. about the Mscislau province, see: 

Deka Company
At margin: Russian army in the east Lithuania since 1657 till 1661 in Mstislawl; army of Saxony in Lithuania at first in 1708/1709, and next 1713 - 1717; the Russian army stationed in the east Lithuania: 1733-1736, 1743-1748, 1757-1763, 1764, 1767 - 1772. 

Ancestors of ours 

- Piotr Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1610 in the Minsk province; he lived in the Mscislau  province A.D. 1669 

- Augustin / Augustyn Rokoz Konstantynowicz (Augustyn was a clerk of the Lithuanian military  confederation since 1661 by 1667 and after a special envoy of Michal Pac to Moscow to ask tsar Aleksei / Aleksey to put up his son Feodor /  Fiodor III as a candidate to Polish election; the municipal and territorial writer in the Mscislau province, born c. 1635, had died 1713 or before  1713

- Adam Konstantynowicz of 1697 

- Krzysztof  Konstantynowicz in 1697 

- Adam Franciszek Konstantynowicz A.D. 1707  

- Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big  Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a  farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings and Hurko family also (from  Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki  or  Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district)  were in trouble  for this reason with Holynski  (Kazimierz  son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by  border between Belarus and  Russia, from  Soino and Uszpol) family after 1714.  
   The above
 Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand duchy of Lithuania 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia: the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.); one our leg lived in the territory of  present Belarus, but the second one stood  at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992. A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by  Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.

- Antoni Konstantynowicz signed the Second Manifesto of Lithuanian Nobility in 1763 

- Dominik Konstantynowicz was born in the Mahileu (either Mogiliow or Mogiljow by Dnepr, Mogilev =  Mahilyow by Dnieper, Moghilev) Government in Russia near by Krycau / Krychaw c. 1805.  

   A certain Konstantynowicz was gotten married with Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki from Kublicze (= Kublicy) in accordance  with Boniecki; she was great-granddaughter of  

Stanislaw Duke Radziwill at Nieswiez / Nyasvizh  (b.1722) + Karolina nèe Pociej (b. 1732)  

and daughter of Jozef Piottuch - Kublicki of the Ostoja coat of arms (Oktawia born c. 1810, and Kublicy = Kublicze is situated in Uszacz region  = Ushachi, Usacy - that is west of Uszacz, the Witebsk / Vitsyebsk /  Vicebsk province, in district of Lepel / Lyepyel) Mentioned Konstantynowicz that was  Dominik born c. 1805, exceptionally well-off man, the second husband of Oktawia Piottuch - Kublicki because Jozef  Szumski was the first one. It was plenty of conversations among families of Zarakowski and Konstantynowicz even in the  middle of the twentieth century about wealth of Dominik. 

   These spouses were related with: dukes Radziwill (one of richest person of Poland and Lithuania in eighteenth century, Stanislaw duke Radziwill was an immediate descendant of Aleksander Ludwik duke Radziwill - born  1594 - with "Trumpets" coat of arms and his wife Tekla nèe Wollowicz; also the descendant of  Mikolaj Krzysztof duke Radziwill  called  the "Black" born 1515 in Nieswiez  -  most influential man in Grand Principality of Lithuania in 16th cent. and an uncle of Barbara Radziwill),  dukes Oginski, Szumski, Piottuch  (- Kublicki), Smokowski, Soltan, Pociej  and Benislawski

   Note about the Piottuch - Kublicki family: 

   Ferdynand Piottuch - Kublicki, who was an activist of 1863 in the East Belarus, was friend of Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski from the  Vicebsk region and also Walerjan Weryho / Valerian Veryho (he was owner of the Stajki estate - South of Vicebsk, close to the Dymanowo station, where Russian police on 22nd April 1863 attempted to arrest him). Above Ferdynand  Piottuch - Kublicki was neighbour of Wasilewski and relation of Staniewicz; he and  duke Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski / Weryho stayed in Vicebsk in 1862 and in Stajki 1863. Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski was familiar to: Moniuszko, Odyniec, Syrokomla and with Aleksander Chodecki in Mohylew (Mahileu or Mogiliow) in 1859

    Note about the Benislawski family: 

     The Benislawskis from Polack / Polatsk / Polock, Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk / Witebsk, Lucyn / Ludza and Rzeczyce / Rzeczyca / Rezekne districts (here also in the thirties of the  20th  cent.). The bishop of Mogilev (Mohylew, Mahileu or Mogiliow), Jan Benislawski  who was in Rome 1783, consecrated new  R.C. church in Aglona, in SE  Latgale, 25 km SE of Preili and 40 km NE of  Daugavpils, in 1800.  The Kastyr estate  i.e. Kastire  was situated in this parish: 42,5 km NE of  Daugavpils (Dunaburg,  Dyneburg), and belonged to the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef  Brzezinski and next Zaba  family. 


All descendants with the Fox proper coat of arms (and probably with the Bowel(s), Three Crosses and Radwan armorial bearings, too) and with  our Konstantynowicz surname in the 17th cent. came from Michno Konstantynowicz 

region of Brest

1664 Jedrzej i.e. Andrew Konstantynowicz was the mayor of Brest and Roman  Konstantynowicz was a priest of the Greek Church in Jelna A.D. 1667 - as far as I know Jelnia i.e.  Jelna was situated about 12 km away from Scucyn 

and Mscislau

above 

in the SLONIM district

Hermogen Konstantynowicz wrote down in tribunal documents together with his neighbour Mizgier (Mizgier family lived also in Perepeczyn and Kolyszki in the Lida region A.D. 1608) in 1603, and also Michal Konstantynowicz - he signed the Olkienicka Alliance in 1698 and had Radwan coat of arms with Plavski by-name; the Arcimowicz family had also the Plavski nickname in a Braslau area, inf. of 1698 and 1763

the others of the Konstantynowicz family lived in the central  MINSK province continuously

the Babianowszczyzna village i.e. Buchta, Little Loszyca (Loszyce) in the Koroliszczewice parish - region of Siennica (the estate of Siennica was pawned and at a later date also sold by Stefan Dostojewski to duke Piotr Gorski son of Hryhory at the end of 16th cent.), Koroleszczenicze (i.e. Koroliszczewice / Koroleszczewicze or Karoliszczewicze at the map of 1859) and others; Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz as early as 1643 and Jan Konstantynowicz in 1698; following Jan Konstantynowicz was born in the Minsk province at the beginning of the 18th cent. and possessed here the village Buchta = Baguta at present 

and PINSK

a certain Konstantynowicz called Rokoz i.e. Pokoz in 1674 

in the province of VILNA

Jozef Konstantynowicz Master of Arts, published "Decisio controversiae juris canonici (...) in 1647 and Stefan who was a member of the municipal board of Vilna in 1665 and  information about him in 1669 and February the 06th, 1672 - in accordance with "The  Records of the Lithuanian High Court" vol. XI, p. 319 about Iwan Pott; also Symon (=  Szymon) Konstantynowicz was a deputy to the Warsaw general confederation in 1668; lady  Maryna Konstantynowicz lived in the Vilna district in 1673; Franciszek Konstantynowicz  lived in the Vilna town in 1686 and he witnessed a riot 

in PORAZAVA and Vaukavysk district

   the Konstantynowicz family with our coat of arms lived also at the Vaukavysk district in the 17th cent. in accordance with "The Town Court Records"; Porazava i.e. Porozov landed property = Porosow near Vaukavysk in 1669 

in the Paszkowszczyzna - Kuranec region

  Jan Konstantynowicz in the Asmjany ex-district 1690,  7 km north - east of Vilejka in the  17th century

In the Hrodna district

  Adam Konstantynowicz landowner near to Grodno with his neighbour Eysymont in 1646  and Bazyli Konstantynowicz who was a royal general in the Hrodna district 1664 - 1688. A  certain Teodor Drozdowicz of Jastrzebiec arms was the royal general in this district also in 1682.  

   The Ejsmont family  (= counties Eysymont or Eysimont)  owned a Cydzik farmland and they were  a neighbourhood of Konstantynowicz  house. The Eysmont house was related to Bylinski or Bilinskis family of Lodzia arms from Kleptowszczyzna and Koraziewo village in 1623. The Jurowski family or Jurauskas of Friend arms in an estate of Jurewicze also was a neighbourhood of them, and   Tolloczko house who had relationship with Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz or Dvozeckas - Bagdanavicius.  Kalenkiewicz family of   Kotwicz arms from the Jurewicze estate was related to the  Konstantynowicz noble house.  Andrzej, Marek and Konstantin /  Konstanty Konstantynowicz stayed at the Zydomlija region in space of 1630 / 1690.  

   Tolloczko i.e. Toloczko or Talackas with the Pobog diverse coat of arms according to Gajl, p. 234 and the Godziemba arms derived from Podlasie area, and for the  first time information of 1391, verified in 1800, possessed Nieprakszty in the Trakai district and Dobury in the Vilkmerge district; Toloczko noble family with Pobog arms in the Hrodna district, and for the first time information of 1619, 1632, 1648, 1672, 1674 and 1764; the Pobog diverse arms: shield - an arrow diagonally going out of horseshoe, with three feathers and crown above the shield.  

   Kalenkiewicz lived in villages: Tereszki - Zygmuntowszczyzna, Zukiewicze, Niescierowskie, Filipowskie, Jurewicze, Kotra - Kalenkiewicze, Huszczyce and  Piotrowszczyzna, too.  

In the Trakai (Troki) district

   Krzysztof Konstantynowicz was a clerk of the district in 1669

 On active service during the war against Russia 1654 - 1667 

- a certain Konstantynowicz with the Fox arms commanded a Cossack troops that occupied quarters in Krasiejewie and Iwaniki (the Pinsk district   probably) villages; these places rifled on their stay on 15 January 1665; the above Konstantynowicz commanded the Tartar troops in 1666 and  mister Fastowicz and Gasiewski (Gosiewski ) prosecuted the a.n. in the Mscislau court (the Mscislau province according to Jan Ciechanowicz

- Augustyn Konstantynowicz (died 1713) was a clerk of the Lithuanian military confederation in the Mscislau province since 1661 by  1667 according to Jan Vladyslav Poczobutt - Odlanicki (the diarist was born in Pomornoki A.D. 1640, d. 1703, memorials 1640 - 1684, supporter of the Pac family and  Vincenty Gosievski since 1659)

The Konstantynowicz ancestry lived in the 18th cent. 

1.

in the  Minsk  province 

   Koroleszczenicze (= the parish of Koreliszczewicze / Koroleszczewicze / Koroleszczenicze) near to Minsk and the holding Little Loszyca  next to Koroleszczenicze; we were in the Buchta estate (i.e. Bahuta at the map of 1859, Baguta or  Babianowszczyzna in the parish of Luzki that is Lushki west of Smolewicze or Smaljavicy / Smolevichi), here Jan  Konstantynowicz and his sons: Maciej, Pawel, Samuel, Bazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin in the first half of the 18th century. 

   According to http://www.dresselgenealogy.us/XIX.htm (the Dressel / Dreszel Genealogy): in 1774 Jan  Konstantynowicz was residing in Stashynki / Starzynki / Stashynek, and he witnessed to an attempt on Jerzy Dreszel = Dressel; he was giving the names of the people involved in it: Alexander and Konstancya HORAIN WOYSKI / Harain Wojski (they have told that the duce Woronecki tries to include  Stashynek / Starzynek in the County of Koydanov / Kojdanow, SW of Minsk, and that he means to take over the estate by force from Horain Woyski).  Jan  Konstantynowicz was one of the willing to help for Dressel. His neighbours: Tadeusz Rutski / Rucki, Antoni Borowski, Jan Oskirka  Zienkiewicz, Jan Daszkiewicz and Mikolaj Downar.  

2.

near to Braslau

(or Braslaw) SE of Dyneburg; they were close to the family of Beynar - Bejnarowicz, with Novina - Zlotogolenczyk coat of arms  

3.

next Mscislau

above  

4.

near by Brzesc

 or Brest = Brest - Litovsk 

5.

at Volhynia

1729 with the "palatinus Kijoviensis" title to Bazyli Konstantynowicz but Volhynia is  outside of the Grand duchy of Lithuania; "(...) two Konstantynowicz families have been (...)  verified in (...) Podolyia (05. 12. 1841) and in Volhynia (04. 12. 1844)" according to Andrzej Bajor -  this quotation  without the Author's written permission  

6.

in the Grodno (= Hrodna) province

an information was about Jozef Konstantynowicz on 19 April 1764 and the same Jozef in 1765; besides in 1765: Antoni, Jan, Dominik, Benedykt and Leon Konstantynowicz  served their country; the Konstantynowicz families, owners of Tolloczki village in part, survived in the Hrodna area in the 18th cent. according to S. Koscialovski and they lived in parishes of Pojeziersk and Lawkowo = Lavkovo ("Antoni Tyzenhaus", volume 1, p. 646)

7.

in the Vilna (Wilno) area

Jan Konstantynowicz and Michal in 1779 (they lived in the Hrodna district, too). 1788 - Szymon Konstantynowicz deputy "a communitate" of Wilno city to the 4-years Polish Parliament. It hasn't signatures of persons with the Konstantynowicz surname from the Grand duchy of Lithuania (without   the Polish Ukraine: Podolia and Volhynia) in a documents of the Sluck Protestant Confederation of 1767 

8.

near to Perejaslav

somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of  Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

and somebody pro tempore in Greater Poland afterwards in  the 18th century, too. 

The Konstantynowicz family from eastern Belarus is my ancestry

1772 

this territory (MscislauSamava, near to Krycau) was  already in Russia, as the  Government of Mahileu (or Mogilev by  Dnieper, Mogiljow by Dnepr) after the 1st Partition of Poland, I am afraid.  Seventy years later on  they  partly have moved out to the  easternmost parts of the  Minsk government, to the  Berezina parish circa  

1842 

id est in the villages  BOROVINA and  MIEZONKA (the village is  situated 28 kilometres south - east  of Berazino = Beresino, Berezyna Berezina, Byerazino or Berezino).  

 Left - the German map  of 1943, NE of  Miezonka. 

The place  was the Radziwill estate to 1832 / 1842. More  information about families and villages in the Berezina parish (i.e. Berezino) and the Ihumen  district, see:    Berezyna http://www.catholic.by/port/en/dioceses/minsk-mohilev/ 

The above Meshonka: here lived Antoni Konstantynowicz - was born c. 1833 - and his son Stanislaw; the same Stanislaw  Konstantynowicz from Miezonka (i.e. Miezonki) and Anna nee Malkiewicz are foster parents of my grandfather; my  great grandmother Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place  Asveja / Oswieja) in the Government of Vicebsk / Vitsyebsk; her ancestry was near related to the families: 

Czyzewski (from the Dzisna district), 

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Belarus. Miezonka noble locality east of the Berezyna river.

von Krey / The House of Croy / Count von Croy in 1697 entered the Russian service (i.e. the Baltic German noble Krej family from Tallinn and Livonia - http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id70.html from Polish Livonia), 

Ostrowski (derived from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki of 1697; Kaki farm situated 16,5 km NW of Ludza / Ludsen in Polish Livonia), 

In detail on the noble Brzezinski / Bžezinskis family

1. the Brzezinski house of the Doliva coat of arms verified in Vilna on 08 November 1837; the noble Brzezinski family of Doliva arms verified  themselves in Kovno 1837, according to Uruski, vol. 2 (Franciszek son of Jan) and in Vilna 1858 (Kacper son of Kazimierz with sons of mentioned Kacper: Onufry, Jan,  Ludwik, Jozef, and also Michal son of Kazimierz); 

2. in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge that is Wilkomir) district, the Kaunas government also: Lokiany Upper and Lower in the Pagirys area = Pogiry or Pogieloze in  the Siesikai parish - 14 km W - N - W of Vilkmerge; the noble Brzezinski family of Trumpet arms in Lithuania as early as at the beginning of the 17th  cent. and derived from Jan Brzezinski and his son Franciszek and grandson Ignacy Brzezinski - verification in Kovno 1850. Jan Brzezinski / Bžezinskis was possessor of Zodziowo near by Ludsen (i.e. Ludza in Livonia) and Pudermoyze (i.e. Puderi or Pudereva according to Latvian atlas of 1931 ed. in Riga; 19 km E - N - E of Vilani and 12,5 km north - west  of  Rositten i.e. Rezekne, Latvia now), and he owned also Dyrwaniszki in the Vilkmerge (Ukmerge) district. Part of the Brzezinski family emigrated from Livonia to the Austria - Hungarys Galicia after 1863  

3. Nacza Biedrzyca - Swaraszczyzna farm in the Lepel districtt, government of Vicebsk  

4. Kastyr estate i.e. Kastire, in the Dunaburg district, the Vicebsk government; it is located on the Jasa river, a tributary of the Dubna about 12,5 km  south - east of Preili and 42,5 km NE of Daugavpils (Dunaburg, Dyneburg); 750 ha,  the noble Dunaburg marshal Jozef Brzezinski lived here and next  Zaba family; Jozef Brzezinski owned also Pazemys estate (Pozejmie, Poshejmy) in the Dusetos parish, area of Antaliepte, district of Novoaleksandrovsk  (Zarasai  = Jeziorosy) - Poshejmy is located 15,5 km SW of Zarasai; the noble Brzezinski family possessed also a big Wenusow (Venusovo) estate in the  Novoaleksandrovsk district, the Kovno (Kaunas) government; Poshejmy and Venusovo are situated 39 and 38 km south - west of Daugavpils in present  Lithuania; Brzezinski family of the Swan coat of arms with Dunin nickname derived from Hieronim Brzezinski and stayed in Livonia since 1680 

5. Ssenkovo i.e. Sienkowo, Senkowo farm in the Mogilew district, 315 ha since 1882, it is located on the Lachwa river about 13 km W - N - W of  Mahileu (Mogilew

6. Zapole farm and Maniakowo in the Vilejka district, government of Vilna, about 11 km of Krajsk 

7. Podlasie territory before 1648 and the Nur area before 1704, they verified themselves in Hrodna 1852 - 1863 (the Lubicz coat of arms). 

Juszkiewicz (or Jushkievich

and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or Pilipaitis with Pobog and Prawdzic coats of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and Joachim; the family  related to Kisiel or Kiselius of the Kisiel coat of arms i.e. "the Camp Tent" in the Wilno / Vilna province and to Chodasiewicz family in the Dzisna district); family of my grandfather had next of kin  Georgians. 

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Those near and dear in the Berazino parish in the middle of the 19th cent.:

Piotrovicz from Luboszany, Karp, Zywica (Shywica), Korbut from Hrynica (Grenica), Tatur (near of kin Zbieranovski), Dzierzynski i.e. Dzerzhinskii (Dzerzhinskii - according to  "Imperial and Soviet Russia (...)", Melbourne 1986 by David Christian; named Dziershynski in the Ihumen district  related to Tumilovich = Tumilowicz family; the Dzierzynski or Derzinskis house of Sulima arms was verified in  Minsk 1819; a poorer members were administrators in the Wankowicz house; others were related to Bulhak family  and held Pietrylowicze farm in the Asmjany district in 1838, also Podgaj farm in Barysau district at the end of the  19th cent.; Edmund Dzierzynski = Dzerzhinskii of Sulima arms who was father of Feliks, verified hereditary  nobleness in Vilna on 14 June 1862), Nieciejevski (their coat of arms verified in the Minsk goverment in 1836), Milkiewicz (alone  acquaintances and that's only accidental similarity with surname of Malkiewicz), Stankiewicz (or Stankivich, among other things Antoni,  Walerian and Jan - the sons of Stepan).  

The counties Czapski family from Stankov and Przyluki leased Miezonka (only nearby villages Cereszyn i.e. Tereschin  and    Jagaszkin = Jagodka were at the map of 1859)  from 

Stefania Radziwill - Wittgenstein  (b. 1809 - died 1832

in the first half of the 19th century to c. 1840 - information of 1995 from Mr Piotr Zbieranowski.

the picture from  

http://www.berezino.com/index.html

author Siergiej Byczkovski; see also: 

http://polonia.pap.net.pl/2005/10/20051007135902.html

Curiosity: Izrael Gelfond or Aleksander Izrael Lazariewicz Helphand, Alexander Israel Helphant i.e. Alexander Parvus was born in Berezino, the Minsk government in 1867, he was revolutionary, friend of Lejb Bronstein (i.e. Lew Trocki) and acted together in Sankt Peterburg = Petersburg A.D. 1905; Parvus served for the intelligence service of imperial German Army as some write and "produced" money to Lenin.  

A photo of Miezonka at present.


We were also in the ethnic Lithuania 

we possessed in part a landed property Pileszyszki 

in the Kaunas district / the Kovno region in the 18th cent. (1766  bequeathed by lady Junowicz), here lived Maciej  Konstantynowicz; the same Maciej had brothers: Pavel / PawelSamuelBazyli, Antoni, Franciszek and  Marcin  Konstantynowicz. The brothers inherited from their parents (father Jan Konstantynowicz was born at the  beginning  of the 18th cent.) the Babianowszczyzna = Buchta estate in the Minsk province (government then) A.D. 1798;  that family verified the nobleness in Vilna A.D. 1842  

we lived in a district of RASEINIAI 

Raseiniai region i.e. Rosienie / Rossienie in the  Samaites territorythe Poszeszow estate in the middle of the  16th century. Also  in the parish of Sartyniki (or Sartininkai) in the place Komcie where stayed Jan and his son  Waclaw Konstantynowicz with Bowel (or Bowels) coat of arms, called Svarplovich i.e. nickname Szwarplowicz c.   1650 and others A.D. 1799.  In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized the arms of them. To this lineage  were  related the  Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766 district; they  derived from famous Michno Konstantynowicz. Only one of the Kaunas branch was verified in  Vilna  A.D. 1910  and information about four lines of this branch were lacking   

Marijampole 

i.e. Mariampole in the Augustov government in the forties of the 19th century; two of them were the members of the Democratic Polish Society 

in Kaunas

Piotr Konstantynowicz 

also in the Trakai area 

a certain Konstantynowicz signed a manifesto of the Polish nobility on 26 July 1812 according to Czeslaw Malewski - because of Napoleon conquered Kaunas on 24/25 June and  Vilna on 28 June 

the locality Chwiedziejowszczyzna 

or Chwedziejowszczyzna in the Trakai district, the ex-parish Vysoki Dvor i.e. Aukstadvaris and at a later date other parish (Uzuguostis probably) in the 19th cent.; near to Vladipolis, Alesiskes, Beizionys, Mergiskes and Mackantiskes - 7 km east of Aukstadvaris; neighbouring families: Mackiewicz (they owned - in the Kaunas district or more truly in the Trakai district - a Klidzie farm by 1817 - from Tolloczko noble family and also from Jan Szteyn who came from the Butrimonys parish, and Mackiewicz family possessed also Zailgi i.e. Stecki in the Trakai district c. 1690 and here families at a later date: Krzywicki, Romansewicz, Poplawski A.D. 1757), Klidzianka and Jeleniewski

in Butrimonys 

a certain Lucius Konstantynowicz was a teacher at high school in  Butrimonys (more probable that is Butrimonys 18 km SW of Aukstadvaris in the independent Lithuania  since 1918 and unlikely Butrymance i.e. Butrimonys 14 km NE of Eisiskes in the Butrimonys parish near by  Jargance, Jundeiliszki, Kuze, Strzelce) in the thirties and forties of the 20th cent. 

we possessed the Ustron estate

in the Kaunas district (= region of Kovno) in the 19th cent. and at the  beginning of the 20th century.

The Konstantynowicz  family moved house also in the 19th century period 

Balachowicz, Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch in Russia. Tallinn, Pskov, Toropiec 1917 - 1920.

- to St Petersburg / Sankt  Peterburg in the middle of the 19th century (Michal or Michail son of Fiodor 2nd  Konstantynowicz); a good many the Konstantynowiczs acted and lived in St Petersburg in past days, among other things state activists and also a senior  military commandant   - to Minsk in the eighties of the 19th century (old Bonifacy 2nd  Konstantynowicz with his sons:  Semen Jakov and Vincenty)

- a documentation of the noble  Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown  in Minsk on  15  December  1802  and  A.D. 1853  in the Minsk  government 

- the Konstantynowicz family with  the Fox coat of arms in the noble  locality Nosewicze or Nosowicze  near to LIDA in the 19th century; the  village Nosewicze is situated 6 kilometres S-E-S  from Radun or Radunsk, in the parish of Radun, the  Vilna government, former district of LIDA;  
near to  villages Kieniensze, Rackuny, Mozajki,  Paszkowicze and Koszary;
 
those neighbours
families  Hryhorowicz or  Hrehorowicz,  Laskowski, Laskowicz or Leskowicz, Nossewicz or  Nosewicz, Rouba, Stecewicz, Stecki, Wincza,  Zapasnik and Zemojtel or Zomojtel 
- we were near to HRODNA in the  thirties of the 19th century (area of  Skidal / Skidel, the places Jurevicze (the  Konstantynowicz  noble family lived here till 1952, the village Jurewicze  = Jurevitshi is situated 1,2 km NW of Zuki = Shuki and 6 km E of  Obuchowicze), Zytomlja = Jitomlia at the map of 1834 and Zydomlija now, Tolloczki / Toloczki: Jozef Konstantynowicz born c. 1842 and Adam born c. 1840/45;  Ejsmonty: (i.e. Ejsymonty 4 km SW of Orechwicze =   Orechowicze and 3 km NW of Toloczki; neighbourhood:  families  LobaczewskiLukaszewic of Fox arms,  Obuchowicz and Eysymont i.e. the family  Ejsmont, Eysmont, Ejsmunt, Eisimuntas, Eisimontas, Eysmat or  Eysimont - for the first time  information in 1539 and 1585 - area of  Skidel, and in the Hrodna area 1632: a Ejsymonty  Paszewicze farm; they were persecuted here in 1863;  related to Czaykowski  (Dorota nee   Eysmont) house from  the  Trakai district in 1700, and also to Czarnecki family  (Katarzyna nee Eysmont) from the Lida district in 1728 and to  the  Lobaczewski family in  places Great Eysmonty and  Siemionowka, to  families  Hlebowicz, PoljanowskiKonstantynowicz and Balewski from  Bulewszczyzna; a  certain Eysmont or Eysimont was related to Antoni  Jelski son of Bazyli J. Jelski from Little  Eysmonty Paszewicze in 1720;  the noble Eysmont family  lived in the Kovno district - village Mimale  Panienie here lived Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz who was born c. 1850  near to Toloczki;  Orechowicze: Walenty  Konstantynowicz  was born here A.D.  1870 and his brother  Stefan - to Hrodna in the  early  eighties of the 19th  century (Adam 2nd  Konstantynowicz); and  e.g. here  in 1912  according  to "Voters List Grodno Gubernia 1912 Konstantynowicz  Wladyslaw  son of Osip  - near to  Kazlouscyna  (the  village  ButlerowszczyznaButlerovshchisna; Napoleon  Konstantynowicz lived here,  born c. 1825, colonel of the January Insurrection 1863) after the November  Insurrection, then in the thirties of the 19th century 
- also near to Svencionys / Svencionus: the places Paragiszki / Paringis, Podciejkinie, Saule / Savuliai in the Zablociszki region = "volost", that is the Zacisze estate (by the small Ejsiata river near to Ceikiniai in the Daugeliskis parish; neighbours - Seyfert family of Hebryda arms in villages Zablociszki and Anastazow) by circa 1865 and at a later date property of  Swiatecki family - information of 1886  - and to the Dryssa ujezd (i.e. in the district of  Verchnjadzvinsk or   Werchnedwinsk): villages Old  Svolna and Svolna Swolna (about here  count  Jozef  Zarako Zarakowski) in the  Vicebsk government

- the Konstantynowicz family also  moved out to the "Polish Livland"  (LATVIA today) in the parish of Malnov  (the place Malnovskoi or Malnava in the district of Ludza = Ludsen and Kowalki farm or Kowali, about half square mile; 39,5 km north - east of Vilani and 35 km NW of Karsau i.e. Karsava) in the government of Vicebsk; many Roman Catholics persons laid off from bureaus in the Vicebsk government  after 1863

Jan Konstantynowicz held a post of accountant, 

Kosma Konstantynowicz a hospital  clerk, 

Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 1st  writer 

- following Konstantynowicz  Konstantin, son of Alexandr /  Aleksander  Konstantynowicz, b. in  Riga A.D. 1869 and died in  Uzkoje estate   ("Narrowly") near by  Moscow = Moskva in 1924, he was  member of the Ufa government  office 1904 - 1917 in Baschkirische /  Bashkortostan region,  married  Wiera  Puszkin in  1894 - she was born  1871, daughter of  Anatol Puszkin  (1846 1905)  and grandchild of  Elzbieta  Zagrazski  (Russian noble house of  Zagrashskije, for  the first time  information in 1493 - 1503) and  Lev  Puszkin (b. 1805  - died in Odessa 1852,  who  was brother of famous  writer); the Uzkoje  estate that was otherwise Uzkoje  village, situated 15,5 km S-W-S of  Moscow core in  the suburbs of the capital i.e. 9 km from boundary of urban housing in 1917, and there are nowadays Litovskij bulvar Str. and Jasnogorskaja Str. near by Vitcevskij forest and also Tschertanovka river. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. More acc. to: Stefan T. Possony: Lenin. The Compulsive Revolutionary, ed. by HENRY REGNERY COMPANY, CHICAGO, 1964.

- in the Estonia  province  (Wiktor Konstantynowicz the 2nd was born 1874 in Kazan (not Riga) and died 1945 in Tallinn, the  cemetery of  Hiiu-Rahu Str. at Nomme area; was  connected with Finnland / Finlandia / Finland).

- Michail  Konstantynowicz   graduated from the  Polack  Orthodox  Seminary in 1832  

- the Zapole farm (in the POLACK /  Polatsk ujezd, either the Polotsk or Polozk district, about 31 km N-W-N of Polatsk =  Polack, near to  villages Hyrlino and  Ramosze at the map of  1859) in the  government of Vicebsk; their  neighbours

Kuzarewski

Newelski

Reutt (or Reut, Reutas of Gozdawa arms, known in 1655; in the Vicebsk province 1764, they were  verified here in  1857; next of kin Rusiecki family in the Dzisna area; related to Kossakowski of Slepowron coat of arms and to Kukiel  family of Leliwa arms from Horodcewicze and Horki in the Polack = Polatsk territory c. 1737; among other things  Joanna Reut married to Michal Gano with by-name Lipski c. 1715 in the Vicebsk province - e.g. one of the Gano  family, general Stanislaw Gano acted as a chief of the  intelligence service of Polish Army 1943 - 1945; Romuald Reut - administrator of Chalopenicy estate in the Barysau district in 1812; Anna Reut (= Reutt) was related to  Bortkiewicz family with Lubicz coat of arms, c. 1865

and Weryho either dukes Veryha, Veryha Darowski according to Kojalowicz, or Veriho - Darevski /  Dareuski i.e. Verigas of Sreniawa / Szrzeniawa coat of  arms in the Vicebsk A.D. 1420 and Polack provinces,  also in Tver government in Russia; e.g. Franciszek  Veriho - Darevski (i.e. Darewski Veryha who was an officer in  Polack A.D. 1754) married Rozalia Koszyc, and next his  daughter married Tadeusz  Koziell Poklewski son of  Michal Koziell Poklewski from  Holowczyn i.e.  Haloucyn = Holovsin 17 km NE of  Bjalynicy, here  the battle had taken place between  Russians and  Swedes  in July 04th, 1708; and Benedykt  Veryha in the  Polack  province A.D. 1764; persecuted in  the Polack  and  Vicebsk districts after 1863; one of them,  Ignacy  duke VeryhoWeryho - who was born in   Jekaterynburg A.D.  1876, in exile of his parents:  Walerjan and Malwina  Veryha / Weryho, insurgents  of 1863 - was persecuted  in U.S.S.R. and died at  Solowezki Islands  in 1930;  the noble family  related  to Dauksza and  Darowski 

- they lived in BUDSLAU in the sixties of the 19th  century (Jakov  born c. 1810/1820  and his children Semen, Vikentij / Wincenty Konstantynowicz and  Malwina Mancewicz), the district of Vilejka, too; the  Mancewicz family  came among other things  from: Kiociszki,  area of  Eisiskes, the Lida  district and  Vilnius  1847/1858   - we were in the  Smolensk government as early as the beginning of  the 19th cent., thus Jewfimij Konstantynowicz  finished the Smolensk Orthodox Clerical Seminary in 1825 (together with  Czebotariev, Jeleniev, Cvietkov,  Spiridonov).  
   Also  Konstantynowicz Elena daughter of  Wasilij from the Smolensk region probably  18th cent., acc. to Shpilenko D. P. of 2006  

- Chernigov: Sophia (Zofia)  Konstantynowicz  daughter  of  Alexander  Konstantynowicz, married  to Maksimowski; Sophia was born in 1852 and died in Cernihiv = Chernigov, south of Homel in 1878; was buried near by the Cernihiv orthodox church. 

- Vilna remained the third capital of Polish culture for all 19th century long, thus here learnt also the  Konstantynowiczs: 1. Iosafat  Konstantynowicz finished the  Lithuanian Orthodox Seminary in 1830 (complete with Govorski, Novicki, Ksavery Zdanovicz), 2. Josif Konstantynowicz here also in 1859 (together with Grinievicz, Kaliskij, Druzilowski, Dedevicz, Noskovicz, Stupnicki, Paszkievicz, Pavlovicz, Bursa, Jakutovicz and others), 3. Ignatij Konstantynowicz completed study here in 1863 (others: Bursa, Ivacevicz, Doroszevski, Timinski, Devaltovski, Szirinski), 4. Konstantin (3rd) Konstantynowicz here in 1890 (+ Malygin, Szirinski, Prigodinski, Mironovicz, Savicz,  Sosnovski, Rozanovicz), 5. Vladymir  Konstantynowicz educated himself in the  Vilna Clerical Secondary School in  1913  (together with: Aristarch, Malevicz, Aleksandr Muczinski,   Toszczakov, Michail Sollohub). I have derived the data on Orthodox schools from: http://www.petergen.com/spiskie.htm

- we were in Volhynia, the Russian Empire in the 19th century. I take note of them in a certain village near to Wlodzimierz Wolynski = Vladimir in the middle of the 19th cent. (Volodymyr Volyns'ky, Ukraine now), Horodlo next to above Vladimir after c. 1863 according to my correspondent of 2004, SOKAL (Austrian Empire formerly) and near to Wisniowiec in Volhynia (Russia in 1876 and what coat of arms ?) before the first World War. Adam Konstantynowicz was born in Vladimir c. 1800/1805, officer of the November Insurrection 1831 - that's a Volhynia Branch. The Ornatowski Volhynia armorial note: "(...) Konopnicki 1839-1873, Konsowicej 1862-67, Konstantinowicz 1838 - 55 (...)", see: 

http://www.ornatowski.com/index/herbarzwolynski.htm

The Konstantynowicz  family verified noble descent in the nineteenth century 

- a documentation of the noble Konstantynowicz family with the Fox coat of arms proper was being shown in Minsk on 15  December 1802 (Stanislaw Wankowicz was the government marshal in 1802); they derived from Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz of  the Minsk province; he had 3 sons: Stefan, Hrehory Dmitr and Jozef; they owned some farmlands in the province of  Minsk and carried out positions in the first half of the seventeenth century; above Mikolay Pohosha Konstantynowicz  received a privilege on 07 March 1643 handed over to him by the king Vladislav IV Vasa; Bonifacy 1st Konstantynowicz  (who lived in the Minsk government in 1802, according to the Minsk State Archives) derived from a.m. Mikolay. 

The Fox crest mean strategy, guile, stratagem defensive and intelligence - argued in 1997 Mr. Pavel Dudzinski in "Heraldic Alphabet" (p. 118 and plate 314).

The Fox crest is in eleven varieties according to Juliusz count Ostrovski in "Armorial Book of Polish ancestries" of 1897 ed. in Warsaw: 1st - shield and above fox, in shield: arrow upwards with two beams; 2nd - shield and above fox, in shield: golden arrow with two beams; 3rd - shield and above fox, arrow with two and half beams; 4th - three feathers instead of fox above of shield, with arrow and one beam in shield; 5th - arrow with three transversal beams upon the shield, and also three feathers above the shield; 6th - arrow with two beams on the shield, and also a duke cap with cross at the top; 7th - on the shield: horseshoe and above arrow with two beams, above of shield: crown with swan at the top; 8th - only in Poland in the thirteenth century: arrow with one beam on the shield without objects above of arms, and the arrow upwards; 9th - only shield, arrow downwards with one beam; 10th variety - of the 15th cent., shield with above helmet, and arrow diagonally downwards with two beams; 11th - variety of the 15th cent.: only shield with arrow upwards, and also two beams.
According to Tadeusz Gajl, "Noble crests of the Both Nations Republic", p. 127 and 128: seven kinds of the Fox coat of arms here and the Fox diverse arms of Liskowski family; 1. Fox (Mzura) - one arrow with two transversal rafters; 2. one golden arrow with two beams; 3. lack of image; 4. arrow with one transversal rafter and above three feathers; 5. three rafters on the arrow and three feathers; 6. a cap with cross above of shield, arrow with two beams; 7. shield and above crown with swan, in the shield: arrow with two beams and horseshoe below the arrow. The author write about the   Konstantynowicz family of Intestines, Radwan and Fox arms only. 

According to Alfred Znamierowski, "Polish regalia, symbols and arms", ed. in Warsaw 2003: discussion on a sword - p. 9; about Fox crest - p. 26 and 39: mainly double crossed "rogacina" i.e. arrows; 

- we presented to the authority in Vilna on 19 May 1842 an original of privilege edited by the king Sigismund  Augustus to Michno Konstantynowicz on 04 January 1554 who was endowed with estate in the Merecz area and set out  many of documents of the 18th cent.; persons derived from the Minsk government i.e. from Babianowszczyzna = Buchta  holding verified themselves (i.e. Baguta 15 km west of Smaljavicy, at the border of former Barysau distrtict on the Minsk district in the  19th cent.) at that time; they were in Pileszyszki in the Kovno region after 1766, too:  map of NE Poland

Jan Konstantynowicz and his  sons  Maciej, Pawel, SamuelBazyli, AntoniFranciszekMarcin and  grandsons of  the  above Jan (i.e. two sons of Maciej):  Jan  II and Michal (childless);  sons from Jan  II: Adam  (childless) and Michal  (his  sons:  Walenty  Stanislaw, KonstantyJan   Stanislaw, Jozef Andrzej and  Alfons  Onufry - they were born  by 1840)

- A.D. 1853 and 1915 when name Konstantynowicz with the initials S. B. was mentioned in the memorial book of the Minsk province - both inf. in the Minsk government (the Fox coat of arms)

- 1859 in the Vicebsk  government (the  Fox coat of arms)

- Antoni in Hrodna A.D. 1861 (Antoni son  of Dominik derived from area of Krycau, with the Fox  coat of arms)   

     The above map of 1740 from   www.clas.ufl.edu/.../history_shepherd_1911.html  i.e.  
"Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd" (shepherd-c-130-131.jpg
)  
and it show to us where the Mscislau branch and relatives lived c. 1600 - 1917 in the Both Nations Republic -
 formerly the Grand duchy of  Lithuania / Grand  Principality  of  Lithuania,  1795 dissolution of  the state but all the direct  descendants are from there: Belarus /Belorussia /White Russia /  Byelorussia  thereafter 
-    and in Russia.   

- Aleksander Konstantynowicz who came from an Ukrainian military and landowning family, he lived in the government of  Poltava (now in Ukraine), also in Kiev (Olga I. Konstantynowicz who was born 1860 in Kiev - since 1880 in Paris and USA at the beginning of the 20th cent. - his  daughter) and verified the noble descent in Kishinev in 1893. He was general - lieutenant and war governor of the Turgai (Orenburg capital  then and Arkalyk now) region in the 19th century. Next the Bessarabia governor.

His father Piotr Konstantynowicz (relation of Wlodzimierz Wernadskij) was Brigadier-General, too - Piotr was son of H. (G. ?) Konstantynowicz.

His sister Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz was the second wife (1862) of Jan Wernadskij (that is Ivan Vernadski = Ivan Vasil'evich Vernadsky who was born in  Kiev  1821, son of Vasilii; Ivan worked in Home Office 1856 - 1867, died 1884 in Sankt Peterburg = St Petersburg; her son Vladymir was born in St. Petersburg on February 28 / March 12, 1863, lived in Kharkov, where  the   family had moved when he was five and acted as a Soviet specialist in mineralogy - taught himself Ukrainian and Polish; her granddaughter married Fokin) and she worked as a music teacher in  Petersburg just before 1862

Michal or Michail - son of Fiodor 2nd Konstantynowicz - was his next of kin; Michal was born in 1812, died 1867; doctor after completion  of the Kharkov University; served in the Russian army and at a later date assistant director of the medical - military department in 1862 in  Petersburg; he wrote a lot of researches and theses - with F. Augustynowicz, Trappe, Lebiediew, too 

At margin (more http://baza.vgdru.com/):

1. Ivan Vernadsky born 24 or 26 May / 5 or June 7, New Style, 1821 in Kiev - died 26 or 27 March / 7 or 8 April on the Gregorian calendar, 1884 in St. Petersburg, father of Vladimir Vernadsky, grandfather of George Vernadsky. The first wife died in ten years after the marriage, leaving him a son, Nicholas. The second time, Ivan marries her cousin - the daughter of Ukrainian landowner Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz, teacher of music and singing.

The genealogy of above named Anna Petrowna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich / Анна Петровна Константинович married Vernadsky / Vernadskij / Вернадская (Anna became the wife of Professor Ivan Vernadsky): b. November 11, 1837 in Kiev / Kyiv in Ukraine and died on November 7, 1898; her mother Victoria nee Martynov / Wiktoria / Виктория Мартыновна Константинович second voto Красницкая was born ca 1796 and died on December 6, 1862 in Kiev, she was daughter of Major Russian army Martynow, her second husband - Krasnicki. Anna's father: Петр Христофорович Константинович / Piotr Konstantynowicz son of Krzysztof Konstantynowicz, b. 1785 (date 1795 was error) and died on October 9, 1850 in Kiev, Baykove cemetery; Anna's brothers and sisters from Victoria nee Martynow:
Pawel,
Lew,
Elena,
Iwan - Jan Konstantynowicz,
Zofia - Sofija,
Wladymir,
Aleksandr,
Aleksandr second,
Elizawieta,
Piotr older,
Piotr younger.

Above Krzysztof Konstantynowicz / Christofor Konstantinovich / Hristophor Constantinovich was born 1741 (date ca 1750 / 1760 was mistaken) with the Fox coat of arms, probably came from the Mscislau / Mscislaw territory / ex-Mscislav province. Христофор Анастасійович Костянтинович died 1786.
His father Anastazy Konstantynowicz / Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович, son of Kostia Konstantynowicz that is Konstantyn Konstantynowicz. Анастасій Костянтинович Костянтинович born ca 1710 / 1720 and died before 1784.
Konstantyn Konstantynowicz (Kostia) born ca 1690.
The Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Fox coat of arms (1534) come from Michno Konstantynowicz of the Lida and the Mereczanka river (1552 and 1554) area on the border of Lithuania and Belarus. Konstantinovich hasn't the Cossack or the Greek origin. It was a legend only about Greek Konstantinovich Anastasius of 1784 who moved from Rumelia - Macedonia today, first to Nizhyn, and then to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky; served to the Pereyaslav regiment in 1756. A legend was about the beginning of the Konstantynowicz family. Many said that our family (ancestry) has come from the BALKANS according to "Gutenberg Encyclopaedia" (volume 8); many said that the ancestry had got to descent from Serbian ancestor (janczar), who was Turkish soldier 1455 - 1463, who was afterwards in Poland (that is since 1470 or 1471); he has written memoirs here (1490-1516 or rather 1496 - 1501) about title "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)". A copy was in the Sapieha Archive. More inf. on the same Turkish soldier - Michal Konstantynowicz in F. Bujak, "Studia geograf.-hist.", p. 129 - 134. The main editions of "(...) the Turkish chronicle (...)" in 1828 and 1912 misleaded many of our ancestors. The Kibalczyc family i.e. Kibalcicas have got a legend that tell us about an ancestor from Serbia - the family moved out to the Chernigov province in the Grand duchy of Lithuania in the 17th century - the legend it's mistake, too. The Konstantynowicz family near by Perejaslav has got the Fox coat of arms. Somebody (owned Fox coat of arms according to an armorial of 1914; territory of Russia in the 18th cent., 78 km SE of Kiev) among Cossacks in 1756 in Pereyaslav. Anastazy Konstantynowicz (born ca 1710 / 1720 - d. before 1784) probably escaped from Poland to Russia before 1756 (ca 1740) and after he was a Commissioner Regiment (1759-60) among Cossacks. His son Christopher Anastasiyovych Konstantynowicz (1741-86) served to the first regiment of Pereyaslav and was centurion (1770-81), grandson Peter Hristoforovich (1785-1850) was Major General (1848), commander of Kyiv. artyler. Garrison (1836-48) and greatgrandson Alexander P. Jr. (1832-1903) was Lieutenant General (1889) and the Governor of the Turgay region (1878-83), Bessarabian governor (1883-99). This ancestry submitted to the 2nd and 3rd parts of the nobility book of Kiev province in Russia.
Source: 'The Armorial of Little Russia. ... Chernigov Governorate' ('Малоросійський гербовник. Чернігівський орел'), В. К. Лукомскїй, В. Л. Модзалевскїй (and Heorhiy Narbut), Санкт-Петербургъ: изданїε Черниговскаго дворѧнства, 1914. В. К. Лукомский, В. Л. Модзалевский, худ. Г. И. Нарбут, Малороссийский гербовник. Предисловие А. К. Рачинского.

Петр Христофорович Константинович / Peter Hristoforovich Konstantinovich b. 1785, was Major General of the Russian army 1848. Grandfather of historian George Vernadsky. Peter Hristoforovich was a soldier to 1849. General Konstantinovich had 13 children, five of them died infants. Some of the children were also military. The greatest success in this field has achieved son Alexander Konstantynowicz. Peter / Piotr Konstantynowicz participated in many military campaigns of the Russian army: in 1812 near Smolensk and the Battle of Borodino. From 1836 he was commander of the Kiev garrison artillery. 1838 taken a possession in the Pereyaslavl county of the Kiev province.

Vernadsky Ivan was a teacher of Russian literature in high school; in 1847, in St. Petersburg, Ivan V. defended a master's degree thesis; after at the University of St. Vladimir; in 1850 he was transferred to the same department in Moscow University and was here from
1851 until 1856 as full professor; in the village Giant Shishaki in Poltava government Vernadsky had got a mansion, where all the family was living in summer. 

2. Константинович / Konstantynowicz / Konstantinowicz / Konstantinovich Anna Petrovna was a daughter of Brigadier-General Piotr H. Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович (b. ca 1785) and was the second wife of Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky. Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz / Константинович born 1837 - died 1898.  H. Konstantinovich that is Христофорович, son of Christofor / Hristofor Konstantinovich that is Krzysztof Konstantynowicz (here was error: Henryk, Gawrila, Havrila) born 1741.

3. Her brother, Ivan Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Jan son of Piotr Konstantynowicz b. 1818 died 1877, a professional Navy officer, after a cadet school - 1834 he achieved Captain 1st Rank in 1868, in 1875 he served in the Caucasian Army, died in Tiflis. Owned estates in the province of Poltava, the Pereyaslavl County, Voitovtsy village.
4. His daughter,
Alexandra Ivanovna Konstantynowicz born 1848 and died after 1912, was wife of L. N. Modzalevsky.
5. Another daughter Victoria Ivanovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович 1846 died 1899 or 1900; in 1867, she married M. P. Rehbinder, and after second husband O. E. Weimar

6. Sister of Ivan Petrovich, Elizabeth Konstantynowicz / Константинович married Mr Neyolov / Nieelov 1824 - 1889.
7. her daughter Lydia A. Neyolov, who died at a old age in Kiev during the German occupation in 1941 / 1942. 

8. Another sister Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz / Константинович with her husband Kravchenko who was born 1831 and he was died no earlier than 1909, married to Kravchenko in 1859, lived in Piryatin

9. His brother Alexander Petrovich Konstantynowicz / Константинович. Константинович Александр Петрович was General-lieutenant, General-Governor of Bessarabia in Kishiniev 30 July 1883 to 4 July 1899. The Rogge noble family was close friends with the family Konstantinovich and Ippolit Rogge / Hippolytus born March 2, 1853 in Kerch, colonel in 1909, was baptized March 7, 1853 in St. John Church of Kerch; godfather - Lieutenant Adjutant Ivan Konstantinovich / Jan Konstantynowicz son of Piotr Konstantynowicz from Kercz / Kerch. All - Orthodox. A General List of noble families of Bessarabia includes the name of the Konstantynowicz Alexander in 1893 from the Poltava province. 

10. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a grandson of Ivan Nikiforovich Vernadsky (b. ca 1770), which was recorded in the local book of the Chernigov governorship as a gentleman, graduated from the Kiev seminary, was a priest of the village Tserkovschina.
11. Ivan Vernadsky b. 1821 was a son of a doctor Vasil or Basil Ivanovich Vernadsky and his wife Ekaterina Yakovlevna; in 1856 - 1867 worked at the Ministry of Internal Affairs; professor of Main Pedagogical Institute 1857 - 1859, St. Petersburg Institute of Technology 1864 - 1868, professor of political economy at Kiev and Moscow universtities and moved to Kharkov, where he served as manager of the Kharkiv office of the State Bank until his resignation in 1876.
12. His first wife Maria Shigaevo 1831-1860.
13. His second wife, Anna Petrovna, nee Konstantinovich / Константинович / Konstantynowicz 1837 - 1898.
14. Children: Nicholas 1851 (by first wife) - 1874; Olga - her grandson, Rynda Alekseev Dmitry Borisovich b. 1917 - 1941 ?, a student at the Leningrad Textile Institute, in July 1941, was missing; Catherine was married to Korolenko; Vladimir 1863 - 1945, his granddaughter was married to Fokin, Anatoly Mikhailovich 1892 - 1979. 

15. Modzalevsky Leo / Lev 1837 - 1896, the teacher, a graduate of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. He worked in the schools of St. Petersburg and Tiflis / Tbilisi, the author of many works on pedagogy. His wife Alexandra Ivanovna nee Konstantynowicz / Константинович was born 1848. 

16. Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. 

17. Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900. 

18. Kravchenko Ivan Ilyich 1829-1890, a assessor in 1867, lived and died in Piryatin in the Poltava area; his wife Helena Petrovna Konstantynowicz daughter of Piotr Konstantynowicz, she was born 1831 and died no earlier than 1909; her son - probably not only one - Sergey. 

19. Alexander Konstantynowicz son of Piotr / Petr,  born 1832 died 1903, was a professional soldier, in service since 1846, an artilleryman; the Colonel in 1867, Major-General in 1877, Lieutenant-General in 1889; conquest of Khiva in 1873, in 1878 to 1883 he was the military governor of Orenburg, and Commander of Turgay region; since 1883 to 1899 - Governor of Bessarabia, since 1889 member of the Minister of the Interior; awards Anne 1st Class, Vladimir 2nd degree, the White Eagle; his wife since 1856 Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna 1840 d. 1896. 

20. some of his children: Olga b. 1858 or 1860 and died ?, daughter of Alexander P. Konstantynowicz, in 1878 she married Andrei Ivanovich Schmidt, who served in the Orenburg district court; she emigrated to Paris and USA. Michal Konstantynowicz / Michael b. 1860 and died in 1902, he was a district marshal of the nobility in Kovno Province in 1899, his children: 
Xenia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1889, Natalia nee Konstantynowicz born 1894, 

Catherine / Katarzyna daughter of Alexander b. 1863 died in 1942, in 1885 she married P. A. Galenkovski, and after her divorce in 1905 she married L. N. Chernoyarov; her daughter from her first marriage, Elizabeth married Suprunov

Sofia nee Konstantynowicz b. 1864 died 1942, in 1886 she married E. A. Mamchich, before the Revolution she was living in Chisinau - the Kremenchug area

Natalia nee Konstantynowicz 1867 d. 1938?, in 1889, she married Jerzy Bulacel / Gregory Pavlovich Bulatsel

Constantine / Konstantyn Konstantynowicz born 1869 and died no earlier than 1917, son of Aleksander P. Konstantynowicz, in the 90s of the 19th cent. he served in the office in the Bessarabian Province, the Akkerman district, in 1904 member of the Ufa provincial office on Peasant Affairs, he had property - land in the Sterlitamak county of the Ufa province (all inf. about Konstantyn Konstantynowicz need to be check). 

21. Ilyashenko Sophia Antonovna b. 1840 d. 1896, was daughter of a captain; her husband since 1856 was Alexander P. Konstantynowicz 1832-1903. 

22. Mamchich Eugene A. / Eugeniusz Mamczicz 1849 died 1917?, state councilor in 1908, not later than 1905, was elected to a honorary magistrate in Kremenchug county in the Poltava province

23. Bulacel / Bulatsel Jerzy / Grigory P., died in 1908, in 1899 the Chairman of the Vilnius Regional Court; his wife Natalia Konstantynowicz 1867 - 1938?  

24. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky born February 28 / March 12, 1863 in St. Petersburg and died January 6, 1945 in Moscow, from the nobility, he was Russian scientist and encyclopedist, humanist, an expert in the field of Earth Sciences, philosopher and social activist, the member of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, first president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
Once in October 1905, the Board of the University of Moscow, headed by Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Vernadsky's mother was from the Konstantynowiczs of the Fox coat of arms) admitted women to listening of lectures, and Inessa Armand has made payment and went to law school. In June 1907, Comrade Inessa confirmed the intention to be student, but instead of studying at university she had to go for exile with Vladimir Armand - with help of Poles. In late October 1908 she managed to escape.
We back to Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky: his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz (1837 - 1898), father - Ivan Vernadsky (1821 - 1884), professor of political economy.
Letters by V. Vernadsky published in 2003 by Russian. In 1928 Vernadsky was at the University in Prague, 1928 on trip to Germany and Norway, research work in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia, 1933 / 1934 Vernadsky was on a business trip to France, England and Czechoslovakia.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky in 1886 married Natalya Staritskaya (1862 - 1943), with whom he lived for more than 56 years; had two children - son Jerzy / George V. Vernadsky (1887 - 1973), professor of Russian history (lived in Perm; after in exile in Czechoslovakia and USA, since 1927 prof. Yale Univ.), the daughter Nina Vernadskaya - Toll (1898 - 1985 or 1986), a psychiatrist, both died in exile in the United States.
Nina Vernadskaya Toll / Nina V. Toll-Vernadskaya was second wife of Toll Nikolai Petrovich / Nicholas P., an orientalist archaeologist and art historian. His first marriage to Olga Petrovna Toll nee Syromyatnikov, both Orthodox on 17 August 1917 in a garrison of Samarkand, and cancel on November 9, 1925. Toll Nikolai Petrovich (1894 - 1975), member of a volunteer army of the 1st Kuban Ice campaign, in the armed forces in the south of Russia before evacuation of the Crimea. In exile in Gallipoli, after in Czechoslovakia. On January 10, 1926 in Prague, married Nina Vladimirovna Vernadsky b. 1898, daughter of Professor V. I. Vernadsky. Since 1939 in the United States, occupied the chair of Iranian studies at Yale University.
Vernadskaya Toll Nina b. 1898, in 1922 - 1939 lived in Prague, and later the United States.
Toll Tatiana born 1929, granddaughter of Vernadsky.
Von Toll family, the noble family of Baltic Germans, had the title of baron, from Reval now Tallinn in the province of Estonia (Эстония), Russian Empire and Dorpat now Tartu.

25. See also inf. about the Armand family from Moscow, Lenin and Inessa Armand 1909 - 1920 and on Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz b. Moscow 1908, Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand, and Dyuflon / Duflon in Russia after 1884 / 1892. All inf. in my domain 'konstantynowicz.info'. 

The Sedoh / Siedoh / Sedykh / Седых / Siedych family in Estonia and in Tatarstan now.

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel Starych Siedych / Sedykh

(acc. to me he changed the surname because Viktor Konstantinovich has the documents named Constantine and scans of Estonian passports with the Starych Siedych surname),

was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840).

Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg,

her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh,

mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski.

On 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme Harku tn 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu (by the order of Nomme Small Town Council, Hiiu-Rahu Cemetery, which was established in 1919, is the smallest among the cemeteries in Tallinn) in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra - 09 December 1948 by Galina Tunkel.

There are 10 people in Estonia with the Trubetskoi / Trubetskoy (Трубецкой и Эстония) last name now, in Harjumaa. Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland; Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is included in the county.
See also: 'genealogy.euweb.cz' acc. to Josef Zvonecka and 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATrubetskoy_family' "...but then the page was attacked by Polish nationalists who turned it into a mess, starting a bunch of unnecessary stubs with Polish names. They also extensively used the Trubetskoy genealogy which I had compiled and posted at 'genealogy.euweb.cz'. I am sorting this category and some of it's members have really more connection with Russia then Poland..." (?!). "Someone give a bibliographic reference for this genealogy" at 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubetskoy_family'. My correspondent was writing to me in June 2012: "...The Library of Congress as well as some other world libraries own the official Troubetzkoy family genealogies. The most recent one was published in 1976 and has full information about Princess Maria and was written by a nephew. In addition, there are 3 books about the descendants of that particular branch of the family, with the latest book published in 2006".

An information from a database of the White movement:

Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty,
in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

- 04. 12. 1844 at Volhynia and verified the noble descent in Podolyia on 05. 12. 1841 

- 1913 in the district of Dorohobuz (verified the Fox coat of arms in Smolensk, and they stayed near to Dorogobush / Dorohobuz

- in Mahileu 

- 1799 in the Kaunas territory and Samaites in the Russian Empire (other coat of arms thereabouts). Konstantynowicz ancestry with the Bowel coat of arms had the Poszeszow estate in the Raseiniai ex-district (the Samaites territory in the independent Lietuva i.e. Litwa or Litauen, Lithuania) in the  middle of the 16th century. In Vilna (i.e. in Wilno A.D. 1841) authorized again the arms of them, and also nine generations and 57 male persons:  Jan Konstantynowicz and his son Waclaw with the nickname Szwarplowicz c. 1650 and grandsons Jan and Michal - their sons: Krzysztof and  Stanislaw; Christopher (i.e. Krzysztof) had a sons: Andrzej, Jan and Jerzy; the above named Michal had a son Stanislaw and grandson Jerzy; lived 13 persons at the end of the 18th cent. and 25 persons c. 1830: Nikodem, Jakub, Wincenty, Michal, Kasper, Teodor, Ludwik, Antoni, Kajetan  and Teofil. 

 The Konstantynowiczs with the Fox proper arms from Pileszyszki in the Kaunas (here in 1766) district were related to this lineage; they derived  from famous Michno Konstantynowicz who received the big estate from the king Sigismund Augustus on 04 January 1554; the farmland was in  the Merkine = Merecz area, beside the Niemen river (Neman or Nemunas) by the Merkys = Mereczanka river. Only one line of the Kaunas  branch  was verified in Vilna  A.D. 1910 and information about four lines of this branch were lacking 

- 1817 in the Hrodna district and at a later date they verified privilege of 1578 handed over by the king Stephen Bathory but with another armorial bearings i.e. "two swords (some documents from Sankt Petersburg Archive - disclosure to Pavel in the beginning of August 2004; "the two swords might represent the military service of two  brothers, and the star above might signify a successful military engagement", as somebody wrote in successive phase of public discussion about the noble Konstantynowicz family, that commenced on August 15th, 2004 in the  web net, but the discussion is led by strange persons from feefhs.org, not from our roots) which constitute a cross, and a star above them, and feathers of ostrich below (above, I   think) the helmet".  

I explain the problem to you (on September 10th, 2004). Two naked crossing swords without golden hilts, this is fundamental Pielesz arms:

A. priest Wojciech Wijuk Kojalowicz, "Armorial of the Grand duchy of Lithuania knights, so-called Compendium" had written on the Pielesz / Pielesh crest c. 1650,  ed.  in Cracow 1897: two swords at red field of shield and three feathers from ostrich above - plate, p. 212; it were four families with the Pielesz arms: Ielskj i.e. Jelskij - some  with cross among swords, inf. of 1620, 1632 in the Mscislau province and of 1648, Kwasnickj Golden i.e. Kvasnickij or Kwasnicki Golden ancestry derived from Moscow,  Pieleszyc house in the Vicebsk province, and also Wloszek family from Podlasie - inf. 1584

B. besides the Golocki family of the Golocki arms according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 4 ed. in Lipsk 1839, p. 174 - here effigy of the Golocki coat of arms, two swords on the shield, diagonally crossing with hilts upwards and a cap at the helmet - the shield is the same as  the Pielesz one; the family came from Chelmno area in Poland; estates: Goloty, Sarnov near by Grudziadz, Melno, inf. of 1651

C. moreover Golocki family also with the Pielesz diverse crest according to T. Gajl, p. 67: a cap and two feathers above crown, and beneath two swords with golden hilts  upwards in the shield

D. according to Seweryn Uruski, "Family. The Armorial of Polish nobility", vol. 13, 1916, p. 330: Pielesz family of the Pielesz arms in Lithuania, the district of Panevezys,  near by Upita in 1580, also as Pieleszyc; Pieleszyc family with the Pielesz diverse arms - sabres instead of swords in the shield; it say that is the same family what Pielesz

E. according to J. Ostrowski, p. 437 - here a plate of the Pielesz arms: two swords with hilts downwards in the shield and three feathers above crown. 

The Wloszek arms: 

A. Vloshek  / Wloszek  family according to Gajl, p. 246 - with the Pielesz diverse coat of arms, by turns from top to toe: bird above two hunting hornes, crown, shield - two  swords with golden hilts and four roses between blades; Wloszek family with own Wloszek arms: coat of arms without helmet, and in the shield two crossing swords with  golden hilts in palms and three roses between blades; the Wloszek arms come from the Pielesz crest

B. Niesiecki, vol. 9, 1842, had written about Wloszek family of the Pielesz diverse arms - they added four white roses in red field; Bielski, Paprocki and Okolovich  wrote, too.

The Wloszek arms resulted from link between the Pielesz arms and the Roses coat of arms (i.e. Poraj); the Pielesz coat of arms  belong to a sword group (the Kownia arms, Herburt crest, three swords and Pielesz come from the sword group); the Swords are in 19 arms and   variants joined with another objects.  

Adding of one star extra to the Pielesz armorial bearings resulted in unknown arms for Mieroszowski (plate 10, pieces 1 - 15, ed. of 1887). It's a Pielesz diverse coat of arms according to me ! 

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There was a certain Konstantynowicz branch from Russia in the Congress Poland after exile to Siberia (the exile to Irkutsk in  1864). They lived at a later date near by Makov and thereafter Ciechanov at the end of the 19th cent. and derived from  Patrycjusz Konstantynowicz + Anastazja nee Mierzejewski. Gavryla Konstantynowicz born c. 1810 was father of  Patrycjusz and Zenon, I think. The document relating to the grant of a certain estate upon this Konstantynowicz branch  (territory of them was situated at the border on Russia, at Volhynia) was in Mikashovka vicarage till 1945. Patrycjusz i.e. Patrycy  Konstantynowicz was born in 1831, the Roman Catholic, d. November 01st, 1908.  A part  of this branch is living in USA now. At  present, on September the 15th, in yr.  2008 Michal has written off to me that Patrycjusz had got to arrive to the Congress Poland from Berezyna (from the parish of  Berazino;  at  least  the  message needs to be  precisely researched !)  and  what is  more alongside (?)  younger brother Zenon Konstantynowicz.

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The following names of lines are according to my research work: 

THE BUDSLAU BRANCH

FROM MALVINA AND WIKENTIJ

THE HRODNA BRANCHES

from KAZIMIERZ born c. 1850/52, JOZEF born c. 1842, ADAM born c. 1840/45, and also WALENTY from ORECHOVICZE or ORECHVICZE

THE BRANCH FROM IRKUTSK

FROM PATRYCJUSZ
A BRANCHES FROM THE MINSK GOVERNMENT

earliest branch from Jan Konstantynowicz 1698; earlier branches from Bonifacy I, Gawryla, Jakow,

Daniil (Daniel.

Family Bułhak, Dzerzhinsky, Konstantynowicz, Szostak were neighbors on the ground of Bobruisk, Osipovichi, Marijna Gorka / Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka, Svislach / Swislocz in the nineteenth century:
1. Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867-1913 (Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka. Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913) close to Marina Gorka. We know that BULHAK, J., was in Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk.
2. Кухтичи close to Uzda - west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Inf. of the village said that Bulhak won it by cards, although rely on a information can not be. According to villagers, they remember it about Bulhak.
3. Bulhak in Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi.
4. Блужа-Городно / Блужа in the Пуховичи region, north-west of Talka, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи, the Puchovichi region / Пуховичского р-на, prisoner 1930.
5. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south-west of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; killed 1933.
6. Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937.
7. Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka: Anton / Antoni Konstantynowicz son of Ivan / Jan; he was the first rector of a school in the little city (the Piareshyr street) in 1866.
8. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898 (or he was baptized in Zawoloczyce - Bulhak estate was near by this chapel in the Marina Gorka region); married Wanda nee Juchniewicz.
9. The Konstantynowicz family: Вязовница that is Wiazownica / Viazovnica, west of Swislocz (see Szostak family), north - east of Osipovichi; west of Berezyna river; south-east of Grodzianka (see Marian vel Jerzy Konstantynowicz); and Фортуны - here lived (also Чайковский Петр Николаевич, Чайковская Раиса Петровна / Raisa Czajkowska and the Томкович / Tomkowicz family) parents of Marta nee Konstantynowicz (grand-daughter of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich): Константинович Матвей Даниилов and Уршуля (Ирина) Адрианова - Urszula Irena daughter of Adrian, moved from Snustik (here also Antoni Tatur / Антон Иванович Татур in 1795), the Igumen / Ihumen county. Gorochovka / Gorochovo, south-west of Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, ca 20 km, close to Fortuny: north-west of Gorochovka, and south of Glusha, close to Gorochovka, Rimovcy, Spornoje; east-south-east of Simonovichi (see: Bulhak family). Snustik / Снустик - east of Pukhavichy and Maryina Gorka, and west of Gradzyanka, and south-east of Turin / Turyn in the Igumen / Ihumen county / Игумен.
10. The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. Acc. to Дрозд Дмитрий wrote on Julian Bulhak / Yulyan Bulgak bought land in the Igumen district in 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi from the landlord Lisowski (of Bulhak in 1867-1913); somewhere in 1890, the estate Bluza (Bluza close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family) from hands of Sophia Prosor / Zofia Prozor - Swietorzecka / Sventorzhetski, owned in those places.
11. Kazimierz Daniilow Konstantynowicz / Danilovich Konstantynowicz Kazimir - Kazimierz son of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich (Константинович Казимир Данилович, catholic, a nobleman, was living in noble locality Podkosie ca 15 km east of PUKHOVICHY, and south-west of Berezyna; PUKHOVICHY district, Minsk region. The wife of Tamkovich Fyodor / Fiodor Tomkowicz was Marta Matveyevna Konstantynowicz. After 1880 they were living in Fortuny village, the Bobruisk County. Parents of above Martha Konstantinovich, nobles: Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) that is Matthew, and Urszula Irina daughter of Adrian / Hadrian, were living the first in Snustik / Снустик, the Igumen / Ihumen county, east of Pukhavichy 24 km and south-east of Cerven / Ihumen. Above Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) brothers: Jan Konstantynowicz / Ivan born in 1829, Joseph / Jozef Konstantynowicz born in 1834, and Piotr Konstantynowicz born about 1850. Fortuny, in the Bobruisk district, close to Dvorishce and Jasieny, ca 28 km south-west-west of Bobruisk).
12. Iwan Daniilow Konstantynowicz.
13. Benedykt Bulhak circa 1630 / 1650 - 1698, son of Konstanty Kazimierz Bulhak and Anna, husband of Eufemia, father of Mikolaj Bulhak; Jerzy Piotr Bulhak b. ca 1665 / 1675 and Szymon Bulhak b. ca 1660 / 1680?; 1686 Nowogrodek, owner of Ostrówka close to Mir, Janowszczyzna near by Iwieniec, Nowodwórek, Osipowszczyzna [that is Asipaušcyna / Osipovshchina / Osipovschina; south-west of Stoulbcy; north of Nieswiez; Gorodieja / Haradzieja / Horodziej 7 km to south], Nacz, Puszcza Moszukowska, Domatkanowicze [close to Kleck - to Studzieniec 1 km, Orda 5 km, Osmolowo 6 km, Solowje 8 km, Lan 8 km, Kleck 8 km], Poloneczka by Dzwieja. Above Mikolaj Bulhak b. circa 1670 / 1695?, son of Benedykt Bulhak and Eufemia, husband of Katarzyna and Marianna, father of Florian Stanislaw Bulhak ca 1695 - 1745?
(his sons: 1. Florian Bulhak circa 1730 / 1750? - 1806, his mother Krystyna, husband of Helena Bulhak, father of Jan Antoni Franciszek Bulhak
[ b. 1795 and d. in Woroncza, 1866, husband of Julia, father of Karolina Karpowicz; Antoni Bulhak; Walery Antoni Stanislaw Bulhak; NN Bulhak
(his wife Aldona nee Dzierzynska, by Urszula Ewa Skarzynska);
Barbara Bulhak and Helena Kiersnowska
(wife of Aleksander Kiersnowski, mother of Adam Kiersnowski and Karol Kiersnowski)
and one other]
and Maciej Bulhak; 2. Józef Bulhak 1723 - 1783; 3. Jan Bulhak 1719 - 1779; 4. Wincenty Bulhak 1720 - 1780? owner of Michalowo close to Stolowicze and Kroszyn in the Nowogrodek county, served for Maciej Radziwill from Poloneczka - his son Gabriel??; 5. Ignacy Józefat Bulhak; 6. Jerzy Onufry Bulhak and 7. Wladyslaw Bulhak).
14. Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living in the Bobruisk district, near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński estates [b. 1817], who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski [b. 1829]),

Fiodor, Martin (Marcin) and from Leon; later branches from Bonifacy II, Antoni, Wilhelm, Pavel and from Jerzy II

THE MSCISLAU BRANCH

(FROM DOMINIK and his brothers); my family from the Mscislau area derived from - according to the oral tale - a region by Mereczanka river (= Merkys river), thus from Michno Konstantynowicz with the Fox proper coat of arms, where the same possessed forest (1554) and the property of Zaleskowszczyzna (1552) but we weren't told that the Konstantynowicz family derived from Toloczki; the same Michno was put down in a judicial documents of the Troki district in 1552 (according to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 3). Searching for evidences last at present. All proofs show the Troki district by the Mereczanka river as the nest of our beginning and never point to the Hrodna district. All descendants with only the Fox proper coat of arms and with our Konstantynowicz surname come from the above Michno Konstantynowicz; see the Mscislau website:   

http://republika.pl/bkonstantynowicz

THE KAUNAS BRANCHES

PIOTR the 1st AND HIS SON VLADYSLAV BORN 1891 and others families

THE KAZLOUSCYNA BRANCH

FROM NAPOLEON KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

the VOLHYNIA BRANCH 

from Bazyli A.D. 1729 and what coat of arms? E.g. Kazimierz  Konstantynowicz in Hrubieszow, 1934.

and UNKNOWN OTHERS BRANCHES or lineages

the Konstantynowiczs sealed themselves six armorial bearings:

Fox proper, Bowel(s), Three Crosses, the Pielesz diverse, Radwan and Ours of the Konstantynowicz ancestry - Grekul


the picture of the Bjarezina river from beautiful book "Polska. Kresy wschodnie", Kluszczynski publishing house; author Roman Marcinek and photographer Sergiej W. Tarasow   

1863 

   The poor nobility in the 

East  Belarus  

in the first half of the 19th cent. lived in two  clumps, west and east group. The west one, by the  Druc' river (near by Sjanno, through Careja and Bobr, to  Talacyn and southwards Bjalynicy and next Druc village) and  the  east one by the Soz river (from Mscislau, through  Krycau and to Cacersk, here thickest). In the east group were  a big localities, 40 - 850 persons. A fortunes of Poles in  this furthest easterly territories of the former Both  Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since  the end of the 18th cent. or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century. We offer an  example of the Czaplic family: Adam Eufemiusz Czaplic from the Mahileu government, Polish nobleman, friend of prince Potiomkin and Russian  general fought against the Polish in 1792 and 1794, and also against Napoleon in 1812. 

   Nonetheless this country, the East Border, signaled to us attachment for Polish tradition during the January Insurrection in 1863 according to Edward Maliszewski (Edvard Malishevski), ed. in Warsaw in 1920. So in the Mahileu government was plan of the uprising on  May 05th, 1863. There were 3.300 insurgents; in the district of Sjanno, at a farm of Slepce - here was a group of Tadeusz Chmurowicz (Tadeush  Chmurovich) and W. Szlagier (V. Shlagier), 100 strong. Horki town was conquest by night 05/06 May 1863 (19 km from the present border of Russia and 22 km from Kopceuka).  The Orsa group under command of Ignacy Budzilowicz (Budzilovich) fought on May 07th, 1863. In the Mahileu district commanded W. Korsak (or  Korsach) and Mancewicz brothers (Mancevich); they got defeated at once in Czarnorucz (Tsharnoruch). Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish  rebels took place by Leciachy near to Rahacou by Dnjapro on May 11th, 1863, but already on May 12th and 13th, 1863 all Mahileu  insurgents  surrendered to Russians near by Zurawicze (Shuravicy, 38 km NE of Rahacou on May, 12th) and in Propojsk (that is Slauhard by Soz = Sosh river  now, 75 km E - N - E of Rahacou in the Bychau district) on May 13th, 1863. Besides we know about a battle near by Szczawry (Scadry) close to the border  of the Minsk government on the Mahileu one. It was similarly in the Minsk government: as early as November 1862 a Convention of the  Nobility in Minsk made a statement - summons for uprising. For the first time a fighting was close by Piotrowszczyzna village (Piotrowinka, 18 km West of Cerven in the Ihumen district). The group of rebels retreated towards the Mahileu government, through Kolbcza (i.e. Koubca 19 km SW of Miezonka). At the same time, on May 07th, 1863, a group 400 strong fought close by Podberezje (Podbereshje 26 km SW of Cerven) in the Ihumen district, too. Consecutive battle between Russians and Polish rebels near by Loczyn on June 14th, 1863 in the Ihumen district, too (Lucznoje now, 8 km southwards of Cerven). In consequence the estate of Gorki had confiscated from Kornel Peliksza in 1863 (21 km of Minsk) after suppressing of the rebellion; Kornel Peliksza acted as chief of the Minsk province during the January Insurrection. Pawel Dybowski (Pavel Dybovski) was a chief in the Minsk district with centre in  Stankow (Stankava now, 36 km SW of Minsk); it was property of general and count Emeryk Czapski. In the middle of May 1863, a group from the  Ihumen district which came from east side of the Berazino parish (Berezino) under command of Piotr Jesman, after skirmish close to  Boguschewitschi, was smashed completely close by Marcjanowka village (Martjanovka north of Boguschewitschi). Melchior Wankowicz older was  also  the insurgent in 1863.  

Notwithstanding the Polish nobility lived on and on in the Mahileu government, for instance in 1865: the  west group by Druc' river - 12.188 adult persons in 521 villages and places, among others 10.447 Roman  Catholics; the east group by Soz river - 25.318 persons in 248 placess but only 5.927 Roman Catholics. 

Only 3.700 Poles lived in the Mahileu province in 1989, after displacements and purges in 1918 - 21,  1928    - 37, 1940 - 44 and 1952 - 55. 

You also can to see nodeworks according to Barancewicz : Wyzlacinski - Bujewicz (rus, pol) Giecewicz (eng,pol,rus) Konstantynowicz (eng) Leszkiewicz (bel,rus) Matusiewicz (eng,pol,rus) Lyczkowski (eng) Tumilowicz (eng)

We lived in the central and eastern Minsk government continuously in the middle of the 19th cent. 

persons:

1. Iwan Konstantynowicz

2. Zenon Konstantynowicz 

3. Marcin Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified

4. Iwan Konstantynowicz (dworianin = nobleman verified

5. Patrycy Gawrylow Konstantynowicz

6. Wikentij Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

7. Semen Jakowlew Konstantynowicz

8. Kazimierz Daniilow Konstantynowicz / Danilovich Konstantynowicz Kazimir - Kazimierz son of Daniel Konstantynowicz / Daniil Konstantinovich (Константинович Казимир Данилович, catholic, a nobleman, was living in noble locality Podkosie ca 15 km east of PUKHOVICHY, and south-west of Berezyna; PUKHOVICHY district, Minsk region. The wife of Tamkovich Fyodor / Fiodor Tomkowicz was Marta Matveyevna Konstantynowicz. After 1880 they were living in Fortuny village, the Bobruisk County. Parents of above Martha Konstantinovich, nobles: Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) that is Matthew, and Urszula Irina daughter of Adrian / Hadrian, were living the first in Snustik / Снустик, the Igumen / Ihumen county, east of Pukhavichy 24 km and south-east of Cerven / Ihumen. Above Matviej Daniilov Konstantynowicz (son of Daniel) brothers: Jan Konstantynowicz / Ivan born in 1829, Joseph / Jozef Konstantynowicz born in 1834, and Piotr Konstantynowicz born about 1850. Fortuny, in the Bobruisk district, close to Dvorishce and Jasieny, ca 28 km south-west-west of Bobruisk)

9. Iwan Fiodorow Konstantynowicz

10. Iwan Daniilow Konstantynowicz

11. Mikolaj Martinow Konstantynowicz 

12. Iwan Leonow Konstantynowicz 

13. Stefan Konstantynowicz the 1st in Dzmitrovichi, the Barysau district - the information of 1844.

Information about the structure of Orthodoxy on the Berezina area in 1879, acc. to 'Description of the churches and parishes of the Diocese of Moscow...', v. 2, Minsk in 1879. Bielyczany / Beliczany, a rector was Michael / Michal Konstantynowicz / Michail Konstantinovich, graduated in the seminary of Polotsk / Polock, the priesthood since 1832. Dmitrowicze / Dmitrovichi, abbot is Archpriest Jan Minkiewicz / John Minkevich priesthood since 1827, Stefan Konstantynowicz / Stephen Konstantinovich cantor in office since 1844.

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

localities:

Zamostocze

in the Minsk district (= uyezd), the region of Siennica, the  parish of Koreliszczewicze; residents in this Polish noble locality at the  end of the 19th cent.: Platowski, Narejko, Janczewski, Suchocki, Rzeczycki, Pawlowicz,  Mazurkiewicz, Ancielewski and our family 

Luzki = Lushki

(near to villages Skuraty, Donnarowka, Zadomlia, Zaluze in 1859, 7 km west of   Smolewicze / Smaljavicy) in the Minsk government at the  beginning of the 19th cent.; here was a teacher and priest Tadeusz Konstantynowicz in 1812 

Duflon & Konstantinovich Company

Here you can to read about noble ancestries deriving from former Mscislau province i.e. from the Mahileu government, mainly there are Polish and Byelorussian families, e.g. about Holynski, Wollowicz, Puszkin, Brujewicz, Polubinski, Hurko and others. An information on Polish exiles in Siberia are at the website, too. Also about Polish rebellion near by the Lake Baikal in 1866. Here is description of the January Insurrection 1863 in the Ihumen (Cerven) district and also in the Mahileu government; and theory about the Fox and Pielesz coats of arms in the Grand duchy of Lithuania.

Ozeryszcze = Ozdryszcze

Oserischtsche in the Ihumen (= Igumen either Tscherwen or Cerven) district, NW of Ossipowitschi

Little Loszyca

small holding Male Loszyce in the Minsk district - 4 km NW of  Koroleszczewicze / Koroleszczenicze (= Koreliszczewicze; neighbourhood of them in the 19th cent.:  noble Poloniewicz family in a little village Zajameczno, noble houses Pawlowski,  Niemorszanski, Bohdaszewski, Siemaszko, Lubanski, Proszynski, Kostrowicki and  Narcyz Torczynski; the village was situated in the Siennica = Sienica region that is  "volost", the parish of Koroleszczenicze, near to villages Kuroszczowszczyzna,  Rylowszczyzna, Loszyce and Korziuki

Barysau

Stefan Konstantynowicz the 2nd here in the early 20th century

Mar'ina Horka = Marina Gorka

Anton / Antoni Konstantynowicz son of Ivan / Jan; he was  the first rector of a school in the little city (the Piareshyr  street) in 1866 

Konstantynov

(the noble small village near to the river Usza = Usa, 5 kilometres from Borovina  north;  close to border of the Ihumen district) in the Barysau district 

BOROVINA

in the Ihumen district (i.e. Borowiny near to Zeremiec at the map of 1859),  here Ludwik Konstantynowicz and his son Jan born 1888,  who has gone into the army of Balachowicz 1920

Berezyna

Here you can to acquaint with information about former Ihumen district and with data on the Polish in the parish of Berezino. Here  there are details about Brzezinski family from Livland. It's a large part devoted to Polish senior officers in Tsarist Army and which next  served for the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in 1917 - 1918. Here you can to read about the Balachowicz's troops (Corps in 1920) - English  version.

The Balachowicz's Corps passed by Olszany and Remel by south bank of Pripjat (= Pryp'jat) on Polish side: on  November 26th, 1920 ("Tula" and "Putwal" regiments with Jozef Balachowicz); on November 26th - 28th: soldiers of  the 2nd and 3rd Byelorussian Divisions passed to Poland; by night 27/28 November 1920 - Gen. Stanislaw  Balachowicz went on to Poland (with his aides: painter Artur Szyk i.e. Alexander Szykarenko, b. 1894, d. 1951 in USA, since   1921 lived in Lodz, and also Tadeusz Darmont); on November 30th - Gen. Adamowicz; the remainder on December  02nd - 04th, 1920 (on December 04th: unit 2100 strong from the 1st Byelorussian Division of colonel Peremykin after tough   fightings on November 25th - 27th). The formal demobilization of the Balachowicz's Corps followed on December  03rd, 1920. And nonetheless Gen. Stanislaw Balachowicz was elected as "General Chieftain of Belarus" in  Warsaw on December 23rd, 1920, according to Stanislaw Dowoyno - Sollohub. Byelorussian soldiers were  interned near by Czestochowa in January 1921, and from here to Szczypiorno close to Modlin, to Tuchola,  Aleksandrow Kujawski, Pikulice, Dabie, Torun, Strzalkow and Kalisz, till August 1924. A lot of  the  "Balachowiczs" were employed in Hajnowka, Bialowieza and Bielsk

MIEZONKA

in the Ihumen district (the GOVERNMENT OF MINSK, the parish of BERAZINO or BERESINO, the POHOST or Pogost region = Pogostskaya "volost" that is similar to county; PRECINCT BERAZINO = Uchastok No 2: Uyrevichskaya, Pogostskaya and the Belichanskaya volost; near to villages DULEBO (= Duleby) and DRUCZANY; here Stanislaw Konstantynowicz born c. 1855 + Anna Malkiewicz  daughter of Konstancja Brzezinski from the Polish Livland / Livonia).

I search for all information about the village MIEZONKA where my grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900; at  present Belarus: the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev or Mahilyow province) "oblast"; the village is situated among grand forest  and  southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of the Radzivilles enormous estates before A.D. 1840; ask you about  information

St Petersburg and The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company 1892 - 1918

The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, the Union of Weapon in the Ihumen district and the Polish Military Organization conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria -  Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski (b. 1867) and that track went out from Petersburg, among others across Miezonka and Lodz (the Tuvim street) in the direction to Galicia; a family of Andrzejak from Lodz involved in this activity occupied quarters in Miezonka and Moscow all over the first World War and thus

they became technolators of
aviation and the basis of the  amateurish movement of aviation sports in Lodz (besides Henryk, Stefan and Wladyslaw Chlebowski - as early as 1910 in Paris and 1911 in Lodz - and also Zygmunt Dekler acted as air experts in Lodz before the First world war) after 1920.

The Polish school of Berazino precinct was here in 1918; farm - houses in Borovina and Miezonka estates were burned down and sequestered by  the Soviets in November 1918 and many perished; displacement from here at Ural and Siberia (the governments of Perm and Omsk; Konstantynowicz  Walery son of Zygmunt was born in Berezniki on March 01st, 1950 in the region of Perm, i.e. in Bieriezniki 155 km north of Perm and next graduated from the Moscow  University, philosopher, he has been living and working in Omsk since 1975) in winter 1928/29; the Roman Catholic chapel was here on the German map of  1941; more: 

Berezyna

the residents in this Polish noble locality at the beginning of the 20th cent. 

Umecki

near by Lodz now

Tumilowicz

(Miezonka and neighbourhood) Jan and Florian sons of Jozef, Leon and Piotr sons of Foma, Wasyl and Felicjan sons of Ilin, Jakub and Maciej sons of Wincenty and others; close to Dzierzynski family (brother of Felix); one of them Boleslaw worked at the Monitz factory in Lodz, was born c. 1901 in Miezonka number 9, he had two sisters and brother Bronislaw, nowadays in Poland (near by Lodz, too

Bronowicki

Lodz at a later date 

madam Zaleski

 

Barszczewski

Adam the son of Wincenty and Jan the son of a.n. Adam 

Soroko

= Soroka, Saroka of Leliwa and Suchekomnaty arms in the Brest province and at a later date in Vilkmerge area, Dzisna  region since 1571; related to Bulhak noble family and Koziell house; some estates in the Trakai  district in 1607; Siberia  now 

Konstantynowicz

among others Bydgoszcz now 

Szostak

i.e. Sastakas with Dabrowa coat of arms and Tartars with Swan arms (they lived in the Lida and Vilna  districts, for example A.D. 1764, and also in the Svencionys district A.D. 1835, derived from Tartar Szostak according to  S. Dziadulewicz and verified in Minsk and Vicebsk); Stanislaw Szostak was from this family, person of the  same age what my grandfather, he learnt at the "Nikolai - Ingenieurschule" (the air section was here during the First world war) in Petersburg by November 1917, defender of the Winter Palace on  07  November 1917, colonel of armoured weapon 1944 - 1947. According to Dariusz Szostak of 2011: Stanislaw Szostak born 14 January 1898 in Bobrujsk / Bobruisk, baptized in church of Berezyna, died 11 February 1961, 1908 - 1915 school in Bobrujsk, 1915 / November 1917 in Petrograd, all summers in Miezonka, 1917 / 1918 1st Polish Corps in Bobruisk, on 15 November 1918 escaped from Miezonka together with Karol Zbieranowski and M. Andrzejak, to 03rd December 1918 in Ihumen / Cerven, 06 December 1918 Lapy near by Bialystok in Polish Army, together with Ludwik Andrzejak, Marian Andrzejak, Karol Zbieranowski; in Zambrow after served for Lithuanian-Belarussian Voluntary Division; jailed 29 October 1917 to 18 December 1917 in Petrograd. 1939 Grodno, major 1939, 1939 / 1940 Lithuania, 1940 / 1941 Soviet camps, 1941 / 1947 Polish Army of General Anders. Summer 1946 in UK.

A few interesting facts about families coming from Miezonka. Antoni Szostak / Anthony Szostak born ca 1830 in the Vicebsk government, since ca 1864 in Miezonka or maybe ca 1850 the Berezina parish, the Pogost / Pohost district, The Ihumen county. He bought ca 75 ha in Miezonka, because of the act of 1861 this area of nobility been subjected to enfranchisement, and not divided and allocated among peasants, he was nobleman.
His wife Anna / Ann Nieciejewska / Nieciejowska, born ca 1835 in Hrynice / Grenica, south-west of the Berezina, close to the river of Berezina. She was sister of Eugeniusz / Eugene Nieciejowski senior, was married ca 1860/1864 in Miezonka and here she was living. Anna Nieciejowska's / Nieciejewski brother: Eugene b. 1826 in Hrynice, the Berezina / or Berezino / Berazino parish, he was killed by soldiers of the Red Army close to Berezina in 1922, aged 96. Nobleman with the Poraj coat of arms. This arms was confirmed in 1836 in the Minsk government. His wife died before 1914.

And others Nieciejewski: 1863/1864 - Anthony Nieciejewski son of Peter Nieciejewski, Anthony son of Casimir Nieciejewski or Niecijewski; Jan and Michal Nieciowski. Shot by the NKVD in 1939 - 1941: Francis, son of Francis Nieciejewski (born 1901) living in Grodno; Jozef son of Francis, born in 1899, killed in Grodno; Kazimierz son of John Nieciejewski, lived in Pinsk?, born in 1915; Jozef son of Mikolaj Nieciejowski, b. 1902 killed in Grodno; Aurelia voto Nieciejewska, was born in 1913.

Acc. to Dunin, 1836 nobility with coat of arms Poraj, 1836 confirmed in the Minsk government. Piorunowy Most, Hrynica, Usochy in the Ihumen County, acc to Leszczyc of 1908/1913, Nieciecki only.

Children of above named Eugene Nieciejewski, brother of Anna Szostak: Maria married to Wladyslaw Szostak, Bronislaw Nieciejewski, Stanislaw and unknown son, born ca 1875/1880, in Hrynica maybe, his wife unknown name has two children Sophia and Eugene Nieciejewski junior, lived in Warsaw, the Dabrowski street. This wife b ca 1880, died in the 50' of the 20th cent. in Warsaw, were she was living since 1948. Above Bronislaw Nieciejewski, General of the Russian Army, b ca 1870 in Hrynica, co-operated with the Bolshevik groups before 1914, 'count', in 1917 in the Soviet Russia, August 1918 in the Red Army, a lecturer in military school in Moscow, killed in Moscow run over by a tram ca 1935, he known Stanislaw Szostak. Above Stanislaw Nieciejewski b ca 1872.

Children of Anthony Szostak (the Szostak family from the Vicebsk government, nobility) and Anna Nieciejewska: Faustina b. Miezonka, 1919 lived in Miezonka; Beata born in Miezonka, ca 1930 the Urals mountains, lived in Ufa, died here, she has children, husband Arthur Duszewski, Ural mountains exile, here died in Ufa; Wincenty Szostak / Vincent Szostak born in Miezonka, wife Maria; Maria nee Szostak, b in Miezonka, winter 1929/1930 exiled to Siberia, back from Siberia to..., husband Narcissus Soroko / Narcyz Soroka, born in Miezonka, 1929/1930 is exiled to Siberia, he was born ca 1865/1870; Mamert Szostak, born Miezonka, single, died during the exile road in winter 1929/1930; Pawel Szostak b. ca 1875, Miezonka, single, lived in Miezonka, after 1944 in Minsk, 1940 and 1944 letters to his family from Minsk, in July 1944 from Minsk escaped to a West but he died in unknown place, 1940/1941 near by Wladyslaw Szostak his brother; Wladyslaw Szostak, born 1864 in Miezonka, lived in Bobruisk / Bobruisk, owner of the mill in Miezonka, 1940 - 1941 in Minsk Lithuanian, with Pawel Szostak, 1942 - 1945 the Pruzany / Pruzenie area, Szamotuly 1945, after Wilkowo village west Poland, died in 1948 in Wilkowo close to Swiebodzin, Mr. Dariusz Szostak discovered his tomb in the 90's of the 20th century. wife of above Wladyslaw Szostak: Maria nee Nieciejewska; above the Duszewski family was living in Ufa in Russia. Alexander Szostak son of Vincent Szostak, b 1905 in Miezonka, 1921 Radom, Poland, Railway company, 1940/1944 Warsaw, in 70' of the 20th cent. often with visit in Koluszki Stare.

Three sons of Narcissus Soroko: one was doctor in Siberia, after 1956 with his next brother was still living in Siberia, Soroko third son, b 1900 known many inf. on Miezonka, three times in Koluszki old in 50' of the 20th century, in 1958 among others, ca 1959 was living in Warsaw very short. Stanislaw Szostak born 14 January 1898 in Miezonka or Bobruisk, son of Maria nee Nieciejewska, baptized in Berezina, 1908 - 1915 Bobruisk, 1915 Petrograd / Petrograd. Maria nee Szostak, b 1900 Bobruisk, lived in Hrynica, 1920 escaped to Czemioly, 1921 in Slonim, 1925 lived in Jeziornica, 1941 - escaped to Pruzany, 1942-1945 close to Pruzany in the Prussia at this time, 1945 Wilkowo close to Swiebodzin, single, 1960 Czeremchy close to Bialystok, 1970 with visit in Miezonka and at Minsk Belarus, teacher, in the 70' known next of kin Georgians, lived in Bialystok, died in 1984 in Bialystok. Jan / John Szostak born 10 January 1905 in Svislach, lived in Bobruisk during the First World War, baptized in Svislach 30 January 1905, in 1918 with brother Stanislaw in Bobruisk, 1925 back to Poland, lived in Slonim, 1928 Lodz, 1996 spring I was talking with him, "Stanislaw Konstantynowicz was like close family" said to me, died November 1996 in Lodz, and his wife died in 1996. Alexander Szostak b Miezonka 1906, July 1920 escaped to Poland, complited the University of Vilnius, friend of Stefan Jedrychowski, close to Raczkiewicz, 1939 POW in the Soviet Union, Warsaw, married to Maria, 1940/1944 in Koluszki old, June 1944 Sulejow, with Zdzislaw Zbieranowski, 1943 letters to Jeziornica, 25 January 1945 with John Szostak and Zdzislaw Zbieranowski, 1945/1949 was working in Lodz, Warsaw after, died in 1968 in Warsaw.
Among others Lodz now  

Witkowski

= Vitovsky of 1860; among other things: Antoni and Wincenty the sons of Mikolaj and Jan who was  son of Franciszek, in period of the January Insurrection 1863 - 1864 

Malkiewicz

they had relatives in Paluse i.e. Pluszcze; information of 1958 according to Narcyz Soroko from  Siberia; among others Lodz now 

Zbieranowski

one from them, Mr. Aleksander Zbieranowski was convicted during "shahtynski"  lawsuit of 1928 - he was radio engineer and the specialist - expert of a radio valves after completion of the Polytechnic of Berlin in 1914; other - Wladyslaw Zbieranowski  was  courier of the Polish Military Organization at the district of Babrujsk A.D. 1918.

The Zbieranowski family was living in Лясковичи / Ляскавічы / Liaskavichi / Laskowicze, ca 28 km south-east of Prusy, close to Albinsk, Choromcy, Zabolotse, south of Glusk / Mogilev Province, Belarus; south of Dokol; south of Simanavichi, where was a property of Bulhak (Dzierzynska Aldona, Jerzy Bulhak). Zawoloczyce is located south-east of Simonovichi, ca 2 km, and west of Glusha, north of Liaskavichi ca 45 km.


Julian Bulhak
and Aldona Dzierzynski Kojallowicz Bulhak at the Bobruisk region
Properties of the Bulhak family in the Minsk province and others regions:
Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
Zawołoczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village. Zawołoczyce that is Заволочицы, Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.
The Bulhak family: Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. 1859 - the estate Matseevich / Matsevichi / Mateevichi; 1890, the estate Bluza / Блужа-Городно close to Poddiegtiarnia, north-west of Talka, ca 26 km north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze / Asipovichy, and west of Lipien of Bulgak / Bulhak family, west of Lapichi, south-east of Marina-Gorka; Булгак Софья Ипполитовна b. 08.09.1886, Колесничи of the Копыльского р-н., south-west of Marina Gorka, south-east of Uzda, north of Sluck; d. Nov. 1937. Булгак Викентий Игнатьевич b. 1902 in Побоковичи, south-west of Osipovichi, close to Osovo, Stavishche, Protasievichi, near by Poplawy, Derevcy, Dubrolevo; Булгак Героним Станиславович b. 1855 in Сутин or Sucin, 11 km south-west of Talka, and west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze; was living in Дворище to 1937. Kamionka or Matseevich from Lipovskii in 1861 and Мацевичи / Matsevichi of Bulhak in 1867 - Mateevichi, south of Ugodino, near by Kamienka / Kamionka; west of Talka, and south of Marina Gorka; Булгак Борис Николаевич b. 1907 in Macevichi / Мацевичи. Матевичи / Мацевичи / Matewitschi / Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy (inf. about location above), and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze.
Budzilowka / Будзиловка in the Беломльская волость / Bielomlskaja volost; Zabrodok / Забродок and Beresniewka / Бересневка to the Bulhak family / Булгак. Беломльская волость was in the Berezina parish / Березинский church. Biegoml / Bjagolm is north of Borisow. But Бересневка is also in the Боровицкий сельсовет, the Kirov district / Кировский район - south of Kliczew; Krasny Brzeg south of Dobosnia / Dobysna - the Bulhak family property. Кухтичи close to Uzda, west; near by Rakosziczi, Siemienowiczi, east of Stolbcy, Stolbce; west of Marina Gorka. Булгак Степан Степанович b. 1893 in Луки / Luki close to Stolbce; d. after 1933. Насыцк near by Talka, south-east of Marina Gorka, north-west of Osipovichi / Osipowicze, near by Kamienka / Kamionki. And above Камионки or Kamienka close to Talka, north-west of Osipovichi. Борки - Borki close to Sbyschi / Zbyszyn of Brujewicz and close to Tschigirinka of Bulgak / Bulhak family, close to Kolbowa. Булгак Иван Цезарович b. 1907 in Borki / Борки, Бобруйского р-на; Булгак Эдуард Владимирович b. 1907 in Stankow / Станково, the Дзержинский / Dzierzynski region.
Aldona Kojałłowicz Bułhak nee Dzierżyńska, 1870 - 1966. Aldona Dzierżyński, oldest sister of Feliks Dzierzynski, 1892 married to Gedymin Jerzy Bułhak (died 1908). Her son Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski. Anthony George Bułhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bułhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas Bulhak and Aldona Dzierzynski / Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawołoczyce, on March 3, 1898 (or he was baptized in Zawoloczyce - Bulhak estate was near by this chapel in the Marina Gorka region); married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar / Cezary and Mary nee Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudska / Maria Pilsudski. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius.

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).

Details of the Bulhak family and Dzierzynski: BULHAK, J., Nieswiez, Slutsk, Minsk. 1793 - Itel, called also Itol, was a village in Rechitsa District of Minsk Province, owned by Bulhak noble family. Acc. to map of Louis Antoine, Rue des noyers, 70 in Paris, and a German map of March 1943: village Zadoboszenie that is Beresniewka, close to Itol / Itel, south of Borki of 'Nadberezynce' and Gresznera village; Shilitschi = Zylicze, Beresniewka = Beresnewka, Czyhyrinka = Tschigirinka, Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family = Sbyschin. Since 1801 - Itel was a village in Bobruisk District of Minsk Empire, owned by Bulhak noble family. In 1833, Jewish families rented the land from the Itel owner nobleman Bulhak and moved there. Dobosna river was the main road for local habitants. 40 km to Bobruisk. Zhylіchy / Zhilichi / Жиличи (Добосна / Dobosna), Кировский район - the Kirov district of Mogilev region; palace and park owned Bulhak family at the end of XVIII (E. Bulhak); it was built by Ignacy Bulhak / Ignatius Bulchak in the 30s of the XIX century; Ignatius Bulhak in the War of 1812 fought with the troops of Napoleon. East of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna and Borki - west, Pawlowiczi, Bortniki, Parchimkawiczi, Kopaczewka. In Bobrujsk - land marshal Ignacy Bułhak ca. 1788 died ca. 1838.
Żylicze, Zhyliczy, Dabosnia / Dubośnia / Жиличи or Добосна / Dobośnia / Dubośna / Добасна - a village over the river of the same name. East of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna and west of Borki, close to Pawlowiczi, Bortniki, Parchimkawiczi, Kopaczewka; west of Tichiniczi. South-east of Kirowsk and Leszczenka. Owners: Gliński and Radziwills erected their residences; from the early nineteenth century to the Bolshevik Revolution was the manor house of Bulhak (Ignacy Bulhak, Edgar Bułhak and the last owner was Emanuel Bułhak) with a large palace in the classical style. In 1918, after the liquidation of Polish Corps and leaving these areas by the German army, the palace (the most beautiful Polish eastern borderlands) was ransacked, demolished, and finally burned by the local population, or by Bolshevik forces of Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Similar was an eclectic palace of Koziełł - Poklewski in Krasny Brzeg; built between 1890-1893 and designed by Eugene Szretter. Driving along the river Dobośna we got to the palace of Bulhak in Żylicze (it was to ca 2000); before World War I photographed the property of Dobośna Jan Bułhak. After World War I Dobośna was in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The last owner Dobośna - Emanuel Bulhak not admitted to the relationship with the famous photographer Jan Bulhak, considered himself a better branch of the family, using the title prince.

Bułhak Alexander (in the Slonim district, Siergiejewicze), with Andrzej Bułhak (Dobrzymol) and Jozefat Bulhak (Mołczad). 1930 in the Polesie and Volhynia: Bułhak Mikołaj - Sobiczyn, Bułhak Stefan - Siechnowicze, Bułhak Stefan - Żerdziki. Ліпень (Халуі) / Липень (Холуи) / Lipień (Chołuje) / Lipień (Chałui) or Халуйцы / Халуйск / Холуйск / Chołujce or Lipen / Lipien, at way from Osipovichi to Svisloch, south-west of Swislocz, and north-west of Bobruisk. 1762-1763 Franciszek Bułhak SJ, catholic priest. Bułhak Helena wife of Aleksander / Alexander Bulhak, her son Karol and Andrzej were livinig in Michałów close to Stołowicze, in the Nowodródek province. Bułhak Witold owner of Mickiewicze Wielkie in the Kleck district. Inf. on Bułhak Gabriel, office clark in 1793 and 1810. Bułhak Leon, office clark, 1809, Bułhak Jan, in 1787. Gabriel Bułhak with Syrokomla coat of arms, born ca 1750, married in 1790, child: Ignacy Bulhak, the marshal of Bobrujsk, (Ignacy Bułhak / Ignatius Bulhak in the War of 1812 fought with the troops of Napoleon; was living east of Bobruisk, close to Staraja Dobosna; the land marshal in Bobruisk; born ca. 1788 died ca. 1838. See: Baron Grigory V. Rosen (1782-1841), Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, General of Infantry, Adjutant General in 1818. Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., von Pilhau Yegor Maksimovic or Georg Ludwig, from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801) his grandson married to Zofia b. ca 1830. Józef Bułhak ca 1840. Emmanuel de Bulhac / Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865, d. 1943, the Syrokomla coat of arms, duke, philosopher. He was son of Józef Bułhak and Antonina nee Malinowski. Owner of Czehrynka and Dobośnia. After death of dad and uncles (Witold Bułhak that is Józef Witold Bułhak, owner of Czehrynka / Czyhirinka [1834], close to Niemki, Kolbowo, south of Czeczewiczy, near by Drut' river, west-south-west of Stary Byhow, and south-east of Zbyszyn of the Brujewicz family and Borki of 'Nadberezyncy' book by Czarnyszewicz Florian), he taken Bułhak properties, with library in Dobośnia palace. Tchegrinka / Czehrynka through Tchechevitche, government of Minsk / Czehrynka, the Byhow district, Ozierany parish. Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak was also owner of Bereśniówka / Bieresniowka, south-west of above Czehrynka / Czyhirinka, close to Sieliba, Niehowla, north of Dobysnia; near by Dobosna river / or Dobysna river, south-east of Miezonka of Konstantynowicz.
Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski, b. 1900, d. 1972; parents: Czesław Jelski and Helena Moniuszko 1875-1946; grandparents: Józef Jelski 1830-1879 with Cecylia Wołłowicz (her father Eustachy Wołłowicz 1797) and Donat Moniuszko with Izabela Bułhak - Syrokomla (her parents: Józef Bułhak ca 1840 and Antonina Malinowska ca 1830; Izabela was sister of Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865); Emanuel Bułhak m. Józefa Hutten-Czapski with daughter Izabella and Emanuel Bułhak adopted Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski and Władysław Bułhak). Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak b. 1865, duke, son of Józef Bułhak and Antonina Malinowski; Czehrynka and Dobośnia owner. Zofia Bułhak b. 1830, grandaughter of Ignacy Bulhak, marshal of Bobruisk. Married in 1860 to Henryk Wołłowicz b. ca 1820. Izabela Bułhak b. ca 1900 died 1930, was daughter of Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943 and Józefa Hutten-Czapska-Potulicka; parents of Emanuel Bulhak: Józef Bułhak b. ca 1840 and above named Antonina Malinowska b. ca 1830.
We know about Bułhak Teofila nee Wendorff. Wincenty, son of Stanisław Wincenty Michał Bulhak, 1807-09 office in Mozyr district. His wife Dubrawska / Dabrowska; relatives of Emanuel Bułhak.

Ignacy Bulhak, his children: Эдгар Игнатьевич Булгак / Edgar Ignatievich Bulgak / Bulhak (inf. of 1905, Rohaczewski ujezd / Рогачевски уезд in the Moghilev government, owned Добосна / Dobosna and Skripnica / Скрипица in the Качеричска volost); Zofia Bułhak ca 1830 + Henryk Wołłowicz born ca 1820 (Józef Wołłowicz ca 1860); Józef Bułhak b. ca 1840 + Antonina Malinowska ca 1830 (Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943, Izabela Bułhak ca 1870).

Edgar Bułhak 1848-1922 with relatives: Gabriel Bułhak, Józef Ślizień; Emanuel Mieczysław Bułhak 1865-1943 + 1890 Józefa Hutten-Czapska-Potulicka from Stanisław Hutten-Czapski 1860-1922 and Jadwiga Maria Emilia Potulicka. Next of kin Jerzy Bułhak-Jelski 1900-1972, Donat Moniuszko ca 1850; Eliza Moniuszko, Helena Moniuszko; Ignacy Bułhak / Bulgakov Ignat: from Dobośnia, also called Żylicz. At the end of the eighteenth century Dobośnia was bought by Bulhak, the construction of the huge neoclassical palace began around 1825 by Ignacy / Ignatius Bulhak, marshal of the nobility of the Bobruisk county. Ignacy Bulgak / Bulhak was born approximately 1786 / 1788, d. 1848; from the Minsk government; he was son of Gabriel Bulhak, cavalry captain in 1784, Lida, a nobleman (Gabriel Bułhak was born ca 1750 or ca. 1754 and died ca. 1799; in Lida district or the Asmjany district?) and Fortunata Bułhak. He had four siblings: Jozef Bulhak / Joseph (1786-1865) and three unknown sisters; studied philosophy in 1810-1812 , Dorpat in Livonia. He was honorary curator of the school Bobrujsk area and marshal of Bobruisk in 1809-1825, a Knight of the Order of St. Anna 2nd class. Known as the benefactor of education, especially school of Bobrujsk, was twice married: Isabella Clara Ślizień / Izabella Klara Ślizień (1810-1834) in 1828 and to her sister Teresa nee Slizien (relatives: Michael Ślizień born about 1725, marshal of the nobility area of Borysow; owner in the Slonim area of Bohuszewicze; Joseph Ślizień born about 1760 died 1856, Mściże owner, the marshal of the nobility area of Borysow; Wilhelmina de Liebe, Antoinette Oborska, Teresa Ślizień born about 1790). From the first he had two children: Joseph Witold (1829-1892), a graduate of the University, and Sophia (1832-1881), from the other wife, was seven children: Oskar; Olgierd (1845-1871); Henry; Edgar (1848 - 1923); Isabella (born 1879); Wanda and Adela. He founded the ancestral residence in Dobośnia, in 1825; most of the goods in the Rohaczew district. Bułhak Edgar from Doboszna, gub. mohilow, bought 'Polish Armorial' of Boniecki.

1870 in the Minsk government, Sluck district, the Lanska area - Kosmowicze; Kosmowicze / Kosmowiczi - close to Pukielevshcina, Bychovshcina, Tshanovici, north of Kleck, south of Niezviz / Nieswiez, near by Osmolowo, Lan, Leonowiczi.

Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak b. 1856, m. 1892, to Aldona Dzierzynski, died 1908, lived in Mickiewicze. His grandfather Chryzostom Stanislaw Bulhak b. 1789, m. to Antonina Bulhak, estates: Ostrówek, Burdziewicze, Kozlowicze, Nowy Dwor close to Jelnica and Szabany, south-east of Minsk or Nowy Dwor close to Sluck!? And his grandfather Mikolaj Bulhak b. 1670, m. to Marianna Imielinski; estate Kosmowicze from Radziwill. Aldona Kojallowicz Bulhak nee Dzierzynska, 1870 - 1966, acc. to http://www.geni.com/people/. Her son Antoni Bulhak b. 1898. His wife Wanda Bulhak nee Juchniewicz from Cezary Juchniewicz and Maria Juchniewicz nee Pilsudska, b. 1873. She was daughter of Józef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833; and her brother was Józef Klemens Pilsudski b. 1867. Antoni Bulhak died after 1970, was one of the aides of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski. The second son of above Aldona: Rudolf Bulhak b. 1895. Sister of above Aldona: Jadwiga Dzierzynska-Kuszelewska / Hedwig / Jadwiga Kuszelewski (1871 - 1949) + Konstanty Kuszelewski - Prawdzic (1857 - 1922). Her son: Jerzy Kuszelewski, 1895-1939.

The Dzierzynski or Derzinskis house of Sulima arms was verified in Minsk 1819; a poorer members were administrators in the Wankowicz house; others were related to Bulhak family and held Pietrylowicze farm in the Asmjany district in 1838, also Podgaj farm in Barysau district at the end of the 19th century.

In Bobruisk church: 1889, was baptized Henryka Wolska (she was born 1887 in Bobruisk / Bobrujsk), from nobility, her parents Henryk Wolski and Ludwika Maria nee Dzierzynska, Wolska (Ludvika Dzerzhinska Wolski from Zerdz, ujezd Rzeczyce). Witnesses Urszula Imbrowa and Ryszard Wolski. 1889 was died Henryk Wolski, in Bobruisk, his parents: Henryk Wolski and Ludwika nee Dzierzynska. Iosif / Jozef Dzierzynski was born 1879 in Michaliszki / Михалишки, baptized 1889 in Bobruisk / Bobrujsk stronghold, his parents: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierzynski, and Koleta nee Lozowska (Colette / Nicoleta / Koleta Lozovskaya Dzerzhinska / Nikoleta Lozowska Dzierzynska), Dzierzynska. Nobility from the Minsk government. Witnesses Karol Kuczynski and Ludwika Wolska wife of Henryk Wolski. Above Dzierżyński Ryszard Edward Wincenty was born in 1817. His first wife (?) Ostrowska Colette and second wife - Koleta nee Lozowska, Dzierzynska.

About above named Zerdz village:
Zerdzia / Жэрдзь / Zerda or Zerdz / Жерда / Жердь, owners: (1889) Jozefa Fenska / Юзефа Людвиговна Фенская, Marina nee Korsak / Марина Флорианова Корсак m. Wolska / Вольскa daughter of Florian Korsak (1876) and Tеофильa Флориановa Фенскa / Teofila Fenska; next Jan Jasztold-Howorko / Иван Яштольд-Говорко, with his daughters: Maria Goworko / Howorko and Natalia Goworko; Bildziukiewicz / Бильдзюкевич Леонид and Antoni Kisiel-Dorohinicki / Кисель-Дорогиницкий (in 1905 here was born his son). The village was situated in the Homel oblast / Гомельская обл. close to Sosnowoborsk / Сосновоборск, before 1917 in the Minsk province / Минская губ., the Rzeczyce county / Речицкий у., Karpowicze area / Карповичская вол.; here were living the Rudzinski family / Рудинский. Zerda (Кремены and Староселье) was land of Konstanty Jasztold-Howorko son of Jan / Константин Яштольд-Говорко, Александр Викторов Бильдзюкевич / Aleksander Bildziukiewicz (1904 - to 1910; 1908); and part of this village to Mikolaj Pietrunkin / Николай Георгиевич Петрунькин (before 1914). In Zerda was born Александр Дорогиницкий / Aleksander Dorohinicki; also Korsak family / Корсаки, Wolski / Вольские and Fenski / Фенские. Zerdz located ca 12 km south-west of Swietlogorsk / Светлогорск.

Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788;

her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879, Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859, Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. 1829 or (?) on 15 May 1838, died in 1882.

Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

In 1830 in Kamiensk or Kamien close to Oziemblowo (Jozef Dzierzynski and Antonina nee Oziemblowska, Dzierzynska were grandparents of Feliks Edmundowicz Dzierzynski), baptized daughter of Ignacy Giedroyc, witnesses: Tomasz Wasilewski and Antonina Dzierzynska. 1850, Kamien, baptized Klara Tarnolicka, by Wincenty Dzierzynski. 1856, Kamien, beptized Zygmunt Julian Obricki / Obrycki, son of Kazimierz Obrycki and Jozefa nee Dzierzynska, Obrycka. From Slobodka, Bielorucka volost, the Minsk government.

Wanda Schonthaller-Dzierzynska 1920-2011 - daughter of Major Dzierzynski.

And about Jozef Oziemblowski / Ozieblowski + Aniela Zdrojewska: children - Boleslaw Ozieblowski, Michal, Maria Moszynski, Stefania. Dieriewno / Derevno located close to Ozemlovo / Ozemblovschizna. A church in Dieriewno / Derevno - there was baptized Feliks Dzierzynski / Felix Dzierzynski and buried his father Edmund Rufin Dzierzynski, his sister Wanda, his brother Stanislaus d. in 1917. Edmund Dzerzhinsky born 1829 in Dzierzynowo, married to Helena Januszewska, died 1882. Helena Januszewska born 1849 in Joda and married to Edmund Dzerzhinsky, she died on 15 Jan. 1896 and buried in Vilnius. Feliks Dzierzynski b. 11 September 1877, his father Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829, mother Helena Januszewska b. 1849, died in 1896, her parents: Ignacy Januszewski born 1804 and Kazimiera Januszewska born 1806; parents of Edmund Dzierzynski: Jozef Jan Dzierzynski b. 1788 and Antonina Oziemblowska.

Others: Dzierzynski Witold, 1887-19.XI.1892. Krzywiec nee Zyromski, Aleksandra, 1828. Pilar von Pilchau nee Bielawski, Marja / Maria Bielawska.

Anthony George Bulhak / George Bulhak (using his middle name) / Jerzy Bulhak / Antoni Jerzy Bulhak, a Polish citizen, the son of Gediminas and Aldona, the house Dzerzhinsky, was born in Zawoloczyce, on March 3, 1898; married Wanda nee Juchniewicz, born in Vilnius, March 8, 1901, the daughter of Caesar and Mary nee Pilsudska. The marriage was April 11, 1923 in Vilnius. Above named Zawoloczyce, here was Bernardine filial chapel in the village, like Chromce (near Bobruisk).

Zawoloczyce that is Zavalochycy, Zavolochicy, Zavolochitsy close to Simanavichi; west of Glusha, ca 38 km west of Bobruisk / Bobruisk.

Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz died 1884; daughter Zofia Zula Pilsudski Kadenacy, b. 1865, d. 1935; her husband Boleslaw Kadenacy died 1918; his son Czeslaw Kadenacy, b. 1896, grandson Tadeusz. Jozef Wincenty Piotr Pilsudski, b. 1833 died 1902, + Maria Billewicz has 12 children, among others Helena Pilsudski b. 1864 d. 1917, Zofia Kadenac b. 1865 + Boleslaw Kadenac, Bronislaw Pilsudski, Józef Pilsudski, Adam Pilsudski b. 1869, Kazimierz Pilsudski, Maria Juchniewiczowa b. 1873 + Cezary Juchniewicz, Jan Pilsudski, Ludwika Majewska b. 1879 + Leon Majewski, Kacper Pilsudski b. 1881, Piotr Pilsudski, Teodora Pilsudska, Piotr.

Above Antoni Bulhak (Antoni Jerzy Bulhak, son of Gedymin Jerzy Bulhak, and Aldona nee Dzierzynska, his brother Rudolf Kojallowicz; his wife nee Juchniewicz), b. 1898.
Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński was born 1817, his parents: Jozef Dzierzynski / Иосиф Дзержинский b. 1788 died in 1854, and Антонина Озембловская / Antonina Oziemblowska b. 1788; her children: Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, Onufry Antoni Modest Dzierżyński b. 1818, Bernard Leonard Dzierżyński 1819 - 1879, Tomasz Justyn Dzierżyński 1822 - 1859, Antoni Mikołaj Dzierżyński 1823 - 1865, Felicjan Jan Dzierżyński 1830 - 1904, Józefat Dzierżyński 1831, Leokadia Dzierżyńska 1833, Róża Dzierżyńska 1835, born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ., Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. 1829 or (?) on 15 May 1838, died in 1882. Grandparents of Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński born 1817: Antoni Jakubowicz Dzierżyński 1755 - 1816, and Konstancja Adamowicz. He came from Jakub Dzierżyński, Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis d. 1703, and from Mikołaj Dzierżyński / Derzinskis.

Aldona nee Dzierzynski was living near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829 or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).


Aleksander Zbieranowski born 1895, in Miezonka, son of Jan, wife Jozefa b. 1905 - daughter of Michal, lived in Kirylucha close to Rozyszcze in Volhynia before 1939, children: Danuta, Jan, Ryszard, Zygmunt.

Next Aleksander Zbieranowski born ca 1890 in Miezonka, son of Wiktoria nee Konstantynowicz - she died after 1940 in Omsk, and Antoni Zbieranowski b. 1869, d. 1914 in Miezonka; Wiktoria Zbieranowska lived in Soviet Union after 1917, and 1929/1930 exiled to Siberia, Omsk; married to Antoni Zbieranowski ca 1890.

Above named Aleksander Zbieranowski born ca 1890 - completed the Moscow Technical University, an electricity division, after college in Bobruisk; next the Berlin Technical University before 1914, an radio faculty; he was working for Dutch Company Phillips. He taken Karol Zbieranowski to Moscow in 1914. He was in love to Letitia Bowler before 1917 in Moscow, she escaped from Moscow to Miezonka in November 1917 with Karol Zbieranowski. Letitia Bowler was wife of Juliusz Gezehle from Lodz after 1927. Aleksander Zbieranowski was with visit in Miezonka ca 1927/28.
Samples only: Gezela (Gezela Augustyn b. 1889, Polish colonel, Lodz 1929) / Gesehle / Gesell / Geselle (Silvio Gesell b. 1862, was a German anarchist and founder of Freiwirtschaft. He gave his business in Argentina to his brother and returned to Germany in 1892, next Gesell moved to Les Hauts-Geneveys in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel, to 1907. In 1915, Gesell left Germany to return to Les Hauts-Geneveys, 10 km north of Neuchâtel).

Children of Wiktoria Konstantynowicz and Antoni Zbieranowski: Karol Zbieranowski, Aleksander, Aleksandra Przelaskowska b. ca 1900 in Miezonka, Siberia after 1929/30, Anna Muzyka b. ca 1902 in Miezonka, she died after 1965 in Omsk, Ryszard Zbieranowski b. 1897 in Miezonka, 1916 - 1917 the GUARD company in the Kremlin, Moscow, the first escaped to Miezonka and in November 1917 to Turkey, after Charbin in China, Vladyvostok, Japan after 1920/1921, cooperation with YMCA, Vancouver in Canada, Winnipeg in Manitoba 1921 - 1927, 1927 Saskatchewan, the Buchanan farm, died ca 1980 in Saskatchewan. And next child of Wiktoria: Jozef Zbieranowski b. 1898 in Miezonka, 1915 the car unit in Moscow, with Marian Andrzejak, November 1917 escaped to Miezonka, February 1918 1st Polish Corps, 1920 aide at the General Zeligowski, 1922 Lodz, the Nawrot street No 44, Canada after 1930, 1938 - 1945 Koluszki Stare, December 1945 escaped again to Canada, 1958 in Bydgoszcz to Zofia Konstantynowicz; his wife from Lodz, son in Winnipeg born after 1952 / 1956.

Karol Zbieranowski b. 1894, Miezonka, the Ihumen district; 1914 a car unit in Russian Army in Moscow, close to Aleksander Zbieranowski, November 1917 escaped to Miezonka together with Marian Andrzejak, February 1918 served for 1st Polish Corps with Jozef Zbieranowski, Marian Andrzejak, Marian Konstantynowicz vel Jerzy; in Bobruisk in a car unit of Staff; 15 November 1918 escaped from Miezonka together with Stanislaw Szostak and Marian Andrzejak; 06 December 1918 Lapy, together with Ludwik and Marian Andrzejak and Stanislaw Szostak; Zambrow after; 20 February 1919 at Bolshevik war; to 1921 in Lida, in car unit of the Kowno Regiment; Karol Zbieranowski moved in 1921 to Lodz, he was near by Ullman from Switzerland, in 1928 near to Jan Szostak; and to engineer Zygmunt Rau, who translate the Rowecki memoirs.

The Ullman family from Switzerland:

Fredrik Ullman worked as a scientific collaborator at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Variantes: Uhlmann, Uhlman, Ulhmann, Ullman, Ullmann. From Monchaltorf, Zurich - Rose-Marie Ullman. ULLMAN 1763 in Rüderswil, Bern canton, 20 km east of Bern. 1820 in Bern; 1828 in Herdern in Thurgau, Suisse - north-east of Zurich. 1758 - 1771 Uesslingen, in Thurgau - 8 km south-west of Herdern; 1842 in Herdern in Thurgau; 1872 in Uesslingen; 1865 in Wängi in Thurgau - 13 km south of Herdern. And Bern / Berno. 1733 - 1852 Eschenz; Family ULLMAN in 1628 - 1753 in Switzerland / Suisse; 1744 - 1837 in Eschenz, area of Thurgau - 7 km north-west of Herdern. All above data copyright by geneanet.org.

Karol Zbieranowski in 1934 lived in Koluszki Stare and Lodz, Piotrkowska No 40; 1927 in Lodz made appointment of Aleksander Zbieranowski from Soviet Union with English lady
Letycja Bowler / Letitia Bowler - before 1917 in Moscow
met; Karol Zbieranowski known Julian Bronowicki from Miezonka who settled in Lodz; 1939 Hungaria, 1946 back to Lodz. Near by Marshal Marian Spychalski (Ludwik Andrzejak 'Black' friend of father of Marshal Spychalski from Lodz, and known Jozef Pilsudski ca 1900); his wife Maria Adelajda Andrzejak b. 1903 in Lodz, died after 1968 in Koluszki Stare; her father Ludwik Andrzejak 'Black', her friend was wife of Marshal Spychalski, b. 1906; 1903 / 1904 Jozef Pilsudski very often in a home of Andrzejak; her two brothers: Marian Andzejak close to Jan Szostak and Ludwik Andrzejak born ca 1895, owner of shop at Tuwim street No 15; Karol Zbieranowski died November 1966 in Koluszki Stare, acc. to inf. 1995/2000 (28 January 2014).

Title: ENGLISHWOMAN'S LIFE IN RUSSIA. After spending eight months in 29 Russian prisons, Miss Letitia Bowler (born ca 1890 ?) was changed for somebody and has come home to Ware, Herts - says The Daily Mail.

Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, 15 km south-east of Stevenage (Miss Letitia Bowler born ca 1890 was changed for somebody and has come home to Ware, Herts - says The Daily Mail). The approx distance between Stevenage and Banbury (Stanyan / Stanian, Hardy) in a straight line is 49 miles or 78 km. Rawlins, in Oxfordshire / Rawlins House, in Adderbury, close to Banbury, in Oxfordshire, north of Oxford.

Miss Letitia Bowler was sentenced to death by the Bolsheviks, taken into the woods at night to be shot, removed back to prison, and subsequently marched from gaol to gaol, walking in all 500 miles. In 11 years residence on the Continent, Miss Bowler had many other novel experiences (1910-1921). She dined with the ex-Kaiser at Wurtemburg in 1909 (she aged ca 19 ?), played blind man's buff with the Emperor Francis Joseph at Budapest in 1911, and was the only European among 3.000 women presented to Albdul Medjed after the great fast at Constantinople in 1912. She was acquainted with the Austrian Archduke Franz Fredinand, whose murder caused the war, and from the palace of the son of the Sultan Abdul Aziz at Constantinople she heard the first shot fired in the Dardanelles. She was captured by the Bolsheviks while a nurse with the Polish Army (1919 ? - 1921).
Tuesday, 8 March 1921. The Adelaide Register, 1901-1929. Acc. to 'trove.nla.gov.au' - 08 Mar 1921 - The Register. Ware, Herts: Ware is a town in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district, ca 35 km north of London City.

The Zbieranowski family near by
Lodz now  

Huszcza

or Guscis (= Gustis); with Puchala and Horseshoe coats of arms in the Polack province and in  Mahileu A.D. 1671 and next in the provinces Vilna and Minsk; they verified the arms in Minsk in  1825; the Huszcza and Tumilowicz families that is the rural  "badger nobility", the Polish strongly.  The Borsuki village  (Badgers) is situated 15 km north - east from Miezonka, according to M. K.  Pawlikowski who described history of Ipohorski -  Irtenski family from the Berazino parish (proprietors of  Backov estate 3 km E  from the Berezina river);
sons of Jerzy: Kazimierz, Hilary, Aleksander, Julian and  Maciej Huszcza; peers of this Jerzy: Jan Huszcza, Semen, Fiodor and Kondrat Huszcza in the period  of the January Insurrection; they've been living in
Siberia and Belarus


Comment on the Bonch - Bruevichs  

The Bruevich ancestry comes from the Orthodox gentry of the Mogilev province

Its founder, nobleman Vladimir Bruevich, was born March 4, 1561 and received from the king Sigismund August a letter on the ground in the village of Samotevichi / Самотевичи in the ex-Polish Mstislavl province, located on the outskirts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, before 1917 Samotevichi located in the Klimovitskaya County of the Mogilev province. At the present time in the Kostyukovitche district, of the Mogilev region in Belarus. Over the next two centuries the Bruevichs were priests in the Unitarian Church in Samotevichi and of the surrounding villages: Belaya Dubrava, Kostukovichi, Osov, Studenets (http://gf-sut.ru/public/iattach/262/Vestnik2.pdf) and others, or engaged in agriculture. A descendant of Vladimir Bruevich in the 5th generation, priest Ivan Bonch-Bruevich (d. 1668) had six sons: Gregory / Jerzy, Paul / Pavel, Casimir / Kazimierz, Nicephorus / Nikifor, and others who became the founders of the major branches of the family. In 1772, this part of Belarus was conquered by the Russian Empire.
Descendants of
Gregory / Jerzy / Grigori Bonch-Bruevich, rector of the church in Samotevichi:
Pavel Fedorovich 
Bonch-Bruevich (1758-1818), collegiate councilor, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and his son, Michal Pavlovich Bruevich / Michael P. Bonch-Bruevich (1798-after 1870), state councilor, a prominent official of the Russian administration in the Kingdom of Poland.
A family of 
Paul Bonch-Bruevich / Pavel Bruevich remained unknown.
In the Kazimir Bonch-Bruevich branch known: Vasily Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (1801-1865state counselor, a teacher of mathematics of the Polotsk Cadet Corps, Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich son of Dmitry Bruevich (1870 - 1956), lieutenant-general, (http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_n/nik2all_b.php) the national founder of aerial geodesy, and Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1873-1955), a prominent Soviet and party leader. Vasiliy Fedorovich Bruevich (1840-1914), Councillor, an official of the Ministry of State, philanthropist. Great-grandson of Casimir Bonch-Bruevich, a priest Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (1773-1831),
of the Mogilev province, had a son, Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich / Jan Brujewicz son of Andrzej Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms (b. 1822), collegiate assesor and the first of the Orel line of the Bruevichs: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich (1888-1940), professor, corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; Aleksei Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1916), Professor.
A descendant of Nikifor Brujewicz / Nicephorus Bonch-Bruevich moved to the Chernihiv province, of which Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1808), member of the Academy of Fine Arts, was living in Poltava.
All five branches by the beginning of XX century were included in the nobility books of Novograd-Seversky governorship, Mogilev, Chernigov, Orel and Saratov provinces and the Kingdom of Poland, used the Boncha coat of arms, except for the younger branch, who wrote Bruevich, and had the Sas arms. Representatives of these branches were in the territory of Klimovichi, Chernigov, Mogilev and Rogachev counties and Surazh county: Ivan Ivanovich Bruevich (b. 1860), the actual state councilor, lawyer and Nikolai Grigorevich Bruevich (1896-1987), Lieutenant General and aviation engineeringMember of the Academy of Sciences.
Ivan Andreevich Bonch-Bruevich (born 04 January 1822), of the Kharkiv office, he owned a small village Yablonovets, of the Orel province in ca 1873, wife Apollinariya Petrovna.
Peter Ivanovich Bonch-Bruevich (born 12 October 1858, Ryazan), owner of the Uzkoe village, he graduated from the classical gymnasium in OrelMinistry of Finance. Was married in the city of Orel, in 1883.
Nikolai Bonch-Bruevich (1861-1909) was married twice.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1862), graduated of the Sumy School. He was member of the provincial government of Orel in 1891; after 1917, the building manager in St. Petersburg / Leningrad. His wife Natalia Matsneva (b. 1867), the daughter of a collegiate councilor Michael Ipollitovich Matsnev and his wife, Varvara Pavlovna.
Andrey Bonch-Bruevich (b. 1863, died 1905), owned the village YablonovetsWife: Elizabeth Nikolaevna Paradovskithe daughter of General.
Alexander Bonch-Bruevich, Lieutenant Infantry of the Dorogobuzh Regiment.
Ipollit Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich / Hipolit Brujewicz son of Alexandr from the Kiev governorship, 1894; he graduated from the General Bakhtin Cadet Corps in
Orel

the foremost expert in the radio valves in the tsarist Russia was Michail (2nd) Boncz Brujewicz (Bonch-Bruevich b. 1888 in Orjol - d. 1940; son of   Aleksander (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich who stayed in Kiev since 1896), electrician and engineer after completion of the "Nikolai -  Ingenieurschule" in Petersburg 1914; he served in the Russian army as a professional officer, expert of electron lamps and radiolocation1915 - 1919 made a study of radio valves and organized the first production of one as chief of high - frequency's section in the Central  laboratory of War  Department in middle of 1917 (the first  broadcast valves  and valve sets appeared in Russian Air Force in 1917); director of the radio  valves laboratory in 1918 - 1920 and author of the broadcasting station's project in Moskow of 1922; his son Aleksej Bonch - Bruevich (b.  1916) was the Soviet expert of electron tubes, too; 

his relatives - actual originators of the November coup d'etat in 1917

Two brothers - younger Wladymir Boncz Brujewicz = Bonch-Bruevich Brujewicz Wladymir - Bonch Bruevich - Boncz Brujewicz

(1873 - 1955, son of Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich; photo: W. Boncz - Brujewicz in Moscow, October  1918. 

Children of Dmitrij Brujewicz: Michail / Michal Boncz Brujewicz and his wife Eudokia Dobrowolski daughter of Porfir / Porfirion Dobrowolski. She was born 1870, d. 1943. Michail b. 24 Febr. 1870 in Moscow, died 1956 in Moscow, too. Second son of Dmitrij - Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz, b. 1873 in Moscow, d. 1955 in Moscow. Wife Wiera Wieliczkina, in Geneve, Switzerland. Wiera was born 1868. His second wife Anna Tinkier vel Tynker daughter of Semen / Zenon Tynker. Anna Tinker was the first wife of Solomon Czernomordik son of Isajew / Izak. 

Children of Michail Brujewicz: Tamara b. 1896, Konstantin with wife Sofia Winogradow; Konstantin Boncz-Brujewicz born 4 Febr. 1898, in St Petersburg; Georgij Boncz Brujewicz son of Michail Brujewicz, born 1900, died 1923. Alexandr son of Michail, died 1981. 

Child of Wladimir Boncz Brujewicz: Elena b. 1904 and died 1985 in Moscow, husband Leopold Awerbach son of Leonid Awerbach

Dmitrij that is Dymitr Brujewicz with the Boncza coat of arms, was son of Afanazy who was born 1798 in Kulgajewka, the Klimowicze area (Dmitry Bonch-Bruevich was born in Prusino, but rather in Kuligaevka, which now is merged with Prusino in a village; now these villages - Kuligaevka / Kulgajewka and Prusino - divides only river; Kuligaevka belonged the Bonch-Bruevich family and two brothers Michail and Vladimir came here in the summer and played with local children; Dmitry Afanasievich Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, lived here in his home, and here he died; he was buried in the local cemetery on the outskirts of the village but an ancient cemetery has not been preserved like the tomb of Bonch-Bruevich). 

Dymitr was born 26 October 1840, died after 1904. The first wife of Atanazy / Afanazy (b. 1798) was Irina Osipowna Liepieszynskaja vel Irena Lepeszynski died 1839 in Prusinowo, the Klimowicze county, the Mohylew government, daughter of Jozef Lepeszynski (Prusinskaja Buda 6 km east of Kasciukovicy / Прусинская Буда but Prusino / Прусино that is Prusinowo 2 km east of Kostiukovichi in the Костюковичский район and south of Klimovichi). 

Afanazy Brujewicz son of Andrzej, born 1798 in the Klimowicze area, his second wife Olga Reszkowicz born 1814 or 1818, daughter of Pavel Reszkowicz; first wife Irena Lepeszynski was daughter of Jozef. Andrzej Brujewicz the 'second', b. 1768 and son of Kirill Brujewicz, d. 12 July 1819 in Kulgajewka, the Klimovichi county, the Mohylew by Dniepr government; Andrzej was owner of Kulgajewka village, but all villagers were taken by Ignacy Ciechanowiecki and removed on new places. The first wife unknown, 2nd wife 1799 Fiedosja Kuzminicz who d. 1830 - 1st married with Filipp Platkowski son of Jan Platkowski; Andzej has got 2 sons: Afanasij / Afanazy / Atanazy and Fiodor. Kirill Brujewicz son of Andrzej the 'first' Brujewicz with Boncza coat of arms, b. 1735, d. circa 1804 / 1805, with wife Anna Sawinicz (Kirill Brujewicz was owner of part of Samotiejevichi in Krzyczew area / Krichev / Кричев that is Самотевичи south - west of Kostiukovichi and south of Krzyczew, now the Moghilev oblast but Kostiukovichi belonged to Vladimir Tichonowiecki and his family 1799 to 1917; Kirill was owner also Kulgajevka / Kulgaevka in Klimovichi county, a house in Kostiukovichi 1783, inf. on him 1805 in the Klimovichi court). 

Kazimierz son of Jan vel Ivan Brujewicz was died 1705 and was father of Andrzej the first. Jan was son of Fedor. Fedor was son of Jan the first).

Above named Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich / В. Д. Бонч-Бруевич was publisher and one of Lenin's closet associates. Curiosity! Lenin signed certificate for V. Bonch-Bruevich on July 7, 1920 because of a month's holiday and travels to Kulgaevka / Kulgajewka village in the Klimovichi county, Moghilev / Mogilev province, when the Red Army went on the general offensive - begun on July 4, 1920 - against Poland. Wladymir i.e. Vladimir Bonch - Bruevich had got a cabin in autonomous Finland and Lenin had hiding place there in period July - October 10th, 1917 [Old Style] i.e. to 23rd October; Vladimir Bruevich was administration manager at the Council of People's Commissars from November 1917; cf. F. Antoni Ossendowski, "Shadow of the bleak East", edition of 1919 and 1921, p. 57 - 58: he was known to sphere of Petersburg high society, Polish "old nobleman", secret chieftain of  socialists; he concealed of Trocki - Bronstein in Petersburg A.D. 1905 and also directed Chrustalow - Nosar or Chrustalov - Nosari in 1905.

The second brother, older - general Michail (III) Boncz Brujewicz / Bonch - Bruevich either Bonch - Bruyevich Mikhail Dmitriyevich or Michal Bonc - Bruevic, see - if you read Russian - here:  http://history.tuad.nsk.ru/index.html (b. 1870 - died 1956; son of Dmitry who stayed in Moscow) who was tsarist general. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich from 1892 to 1895 served as an officer with the Lithuanian Guards Regiment at Warsaw. He was in command of the 176th Perevolochensky Regiment, based at Chernigov in 1914 and had known Russian aviator Pyotr Nesterov. The chief of staff and deputy commander of the Russian Northern Front and commander of the Northern Front from 29 August 1917 to 9 September 1917. September 1917 (?) a chief of the Russian military counterintelligence.
Above inf. acc. to http://www.x-libri.ru/elib/ by Arsen Martirosyan Benikovich, 'Conspiracy marshals. British intelligence against the Soviet Union'.
'Germane-norden' and 'Balticum' were extremely influential in Germany, and in Russia - representatives of the ancient aristocratic families of the number pro-German Ostsee (Baltic) Barons played a crucial role in large-scale after February and October 1917 Revolutions in Russia, close to the head of the Russian military counterintelligence Gen. M. Bonch-Bruevich (brother of Lenin's closest aide). Different source: On September 9, 1917, Бонч-Бруевич / Bonch-Bruevich was replaced as commander by Gen. V. A. Cheremisov / В. А. Черемисовым and appointed to the Supreme Commander. Arriving at the General Headquarters in Mogilev, Bonch-Bruevich established contact with the Mogilev Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies and 27 September 1917 was co-opted into its executive committee in Mogilev by Dnieper river. In early October 1917, Bonch-Bruevich rejected the appointment of Governor-General of the Southwestern Region in Kiev and Omsk and took over as head of the Mogilev garrison.
But acc. to Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917-1990: A Biographical..., by Michael Parrish, we read that M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was a General in Tsarist Counterintelligence.
Next M. D. Bonch-Bruevich was chief of staff of the Supreme Commander after November 1917
. Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the military director of the Supreme Military Council and chief of general field staff of the Red Army (field staff of the Revolutionary Military Council) in 1918 - 1919.

Curiously enough: 

new military intelligence under different names operated from October 21, 1918. At this time the Red Army was already a huge and powerful body but after October, 1917, Bolsheviks faced with many difficulties, including the collapse of the army. Therefore, reorganizing the old army, they left in the War Department that is the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs - General Directorate of the General Staff (GUGSH) and this body consisted the 2nd Division of the General Quartermaster in December 1917, which was the central organ of intelligence and counterintelligence services of the armed forces of Russia. So by the end of 1918, Soviet military intelligence in full was as the legal successor of the pre-revolutionary military intelligence. GUGSH headed General V. V. Marushevsky (Polish?) who refused to cooperate with the new government. 

Then Quartermaster-General Nikolai Mikhailovich Potapov was new chief of the military intelligence (in 1915-1917, Potapov was the Main Director of the General Staff at the office of General Quartermaster. However, according to some reports, he - from July 1917 - collaborated with the military organization of the Petersburg bolshevik Committee. In November, 1917 to May 1918, Potapov served as Chief of Staff, and acting as assistant manager of the Military Department; in June 1918, he became a member of the Supreme Military Council, and from July 1919 Chairman of the Military Legislative Council). 

Colonel Yudin was the bolshevik Commissar and Peter F. Ryabikov, after the coup, was had remained in the office because the Bolsheviks did not touch the military intelligence, as opposed to counter-military intelligence, which they immediately dispersed, as it was involved in the campaign of charges the Bolsheviks was spying for Germany in the summer of 1917. Crisis of foreign intelligence commenced with the end of December 1917: colonel Andrey Stanislavsky (Polish?) entered the service for the French intelligence, and intelligence reports from the allies - the French military mission in Moscow - came to the end in July 1918. In February 1918, the country faced with bloody civil war, and in March 1918 the Soviet government established the Supreme Military Council for the organization of the armed forces of Red Army with a military leader, former tsarist general M. D. Bonch-Bruevich and two political commissars Shutko and P. Proshyan. On March 17, 1918, the Supreme Military Council included: a military leader, his assistant, Quartermaster-General with several assistants, and intelligence chiefs, a field inspector of artillery, and others; on March 19, 1918: Chairman - People's Commissar for Military Affairs Leon Trotsky, the Council members and above named General N. Potapov. In June, 1918 the Supreme Military Council was reorganized and included: a military leader Bonch - Bruevich, chief of staff and staff occupied by former officers, the deputy of the military leader appointed a former Major General of General Staff Alexander Alexandrovich Samoylo, an assistant Chief of Operations of the Supreme Military Council was Colonel Alexander Kovalevsky (Polish? April - May 1918). Kovalevsky, soon will move to the South, where he headed the mobilization management of the North Caucasus Military District; here he with General Nosovich (Polish?) were arrested by Stalin, but after Nosovich was fleeing to the 'white', Kovalevsky was again arrested and shoted.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch - Bruyevich was the specialist in take a pictures from airplanes and organized the first technical office of aerial photograph in 1925; he wrote "The aerial photograph" in 1931 and similar book in 1934 (and  Grigorij - his son Mikolaj (2nd) b. 1896 was general of the Soviet air force)

the family of Aleksander II Brujewicz or Bonc - Bruievicius of the Boncza arms lived in Zbyszyn or Sbychin near to Tschetschewitschi since 1876 / 1880, 39 km SE away from Miezonka and the big estate had 5548 hectares, he lived next door Gresmer or Greszner family (according to a map edited by A. Brantner of "K.u.k. militar - geographisches Institut" in Wien 1896) and Mr Witold  Bulhak home (the Bulhak noble house of  the Syrokomla arms, verified in Minsk A.D. 1802, possessed also in the government of  Minsk: Matewitschi  = Maciejewicze i.e. Macevicy and Zuki, Budzilowka and Kondratowicze); villages Woncza / Vontcha,  Borki and Rogi - which Florian Czarnyszewicz described in a book "Nadberezyncy" i.e. Berezyna's Riverside Inhabitants - were situated close by the Zbyszyn estate: 3 and 7 km;
besides a certain Aleksander (IV ?) Brujewicz purchased village Mistow and neighbourhood in the Congress Poland on 25 January 1861 but I haven't yet any firm evidences if it's the same Aleksander (2nd) Brujewicz who settled himself in  the Zbyszyn  property - I  am searching information;

they derived from Michal I Brujewicz who was born 1762 and stayed in the Minsk  province and all  following   generations (all his sons: Aleksander I, Mikolaj I, Bazyli, Wiktor, Piotr, Pawel, Fiodor) served in Russian army at a later date;  the Brujewicz  family  was in   Mahileu   A.D. 1718 and in Krycau  A.D. 1745, Sladzin or Sladziniec  in Mahileu region in 1761

Brujewicz of the Boncza coat of arms (or Boncz - Brujewicz, possessed Bohdanowka 1st in the Mscislau  district since 1870 - 10,5 km  Nord of Jurkowschtschina i.e. Jurkowszczyzna - and also Poplatyno in the district  since  1870;  Petrulin in the region of Cerykau; Muryn -  Bor  or Bor near to Holynski's Michiejevitschi / Michiejewiczi,  i.e. 12  km  NW of Klimavicy since 1870; and Sieliszcze 18 km E-S-E of Cavusy  or  Czausy  - since 1876)


In search of genealogy. It is of greatest importance to me.

I am looking for all information about my grandfather Marian or Jerzy Konstantynowicz and about his family from the parish of Berazino (Berezina, Berezino or Berezyna).  He belonged to one of the old noble families from the farthest eastern reaches of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Those lands were also the first to be taken by tsarist Russia as the result of the partitions of Poland. 

Those near and dear (families at the beginning of the 20th cent.) in the Berazino parish (Mother of God of Mercy catholic church),  Riga / Ryga, the Dryssa ujezd and elsewhere:
Viljandi, Tallinn, Parnu / Parnawa, Moscow, Petersburg, Ufa, Miezonka, Hapsal / Haapsalu, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti.

With families: Melik - Beglyarov or Melik-Beglarov, Demonets / Demonet or Demontet, Breguet, Brown, Wilde, Nikitin, Katenin, Gruzinski, Bagrationi, Drzewiecki, Orlov-Denisov, Martynov, Paszkowski, Kalinowski, Zarako Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Horodecki, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Nobel, Masson, Hacker / Hakker, Kammer, Briling, Vologdin, Azbelev, Benckendorf or Benkendorf, Pushkin, Kropotkin, Chikin, Bakst, Trubecki / Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoi, Beklemishev, Rosenberg, Wittgenstein, Dadian-Mingrelsky / Dadiani Mingrelskij, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Soltan, Oginski, Japaridze (Mestia in Upper Svaneti and Zuruldi 7 km east, ca 30 km north of Lentechi, and north-west of Oni; the Japaridzes is Svans), Rosen, Gernet, Rehbinder, Schilling, Nakachidze, von Zarnekau, Yurievsky, Duke of Oldenburg, Nikoladze, Maipariani or Maypariani, Saparov, Armand, Diseren, Duflon, Rey, Paat / Paats, Karamyan, Pescheux d'Herbenville / Pecheux.

1.

Malkiewicz

Old Svolna, Miezonka, Moscow and the Jauji farm (i.e. Jowce or Javci in LATVIA; 49 km north - east of Vilani in the Ludsen = Ludza district formerly. We know now about Jeci small village close to Dzirkalava / Dzierkalova, Lapava / Lapova, Locukolni, Purini, Zalmuiza in the area of Malnava. Jeci village is located 4 km from Karsava. Malnava Roman Catholic Church was laid in 1932 under the auspices of priest Boleslavs Grisans. This is the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rezekne-Aglona.

Count Szadurski (a friend of the Malkiewicz family) in ca. 1830 - who was himself a nature lover, interested in gardening - lay out a park behind the manor house in Malnow / Malnawa. Documentary evidence of Malnava estate dates back in 1774 but before 1724 the estate belonged to the Hilzen family of German roots.
In 18th century, the Malnava / Malnov / Malnow manor came into the ownership of Count Szadurski. In 1878, this land belongs to Julius von der Ropp, after S. F. Agarkov in 1906.
Oświej / Oswej / Osveya (Izabela Horodecki - Malkiewicz spent her childhood there; she was born in Moscow, but her father from the Malnow district; she has family in Miezonka, Lodz, Warsaw; in Karsawa - Malnow - Ludsen area were living the Brzezinskis) was a property of the Ciołek-Szadurski family in mid 1820s. Szadurski Mikolaj, son of Franciszek-Ksawery in 1817 studied in Polotsk / Polock, next in Vilnius 1822/23, landlord of Malnow and Oswiej, in Lucyn / Ludsen, the nearby town, Szadurski held offices, in 1837 married to Marya Zyberk-Plater daughter of Michal. Mikolaj died in 1876.

Melnava / Malnaya / Małnów / Malnow - a village near to Karsawa: Karolina, next of kin with Jozef Hylzen, was wife of Jan Franciszek Szadurski, owner of Pusza, Zielonpol or Zielonpole and Matnow / Malnow; her son Jan Szadurski, m. Dorota Szczyt, and her children:

1. Jozef Szadurski, offices in Witebsk 1814 1817,

2. Ksawery, who taken estates from the Hylzen family; Jozef Szadurski has son Ignacy, who held offices in Witebsk 1835 / 1838, no children and from Ksawery Szadurski is new branch.

A place of offices held by a member of the Szadurski family: Szadurski Stanislaw, a brother of Mikolaj, son of Franciszek-Ksawery, a Russian colonel, died in 1870; Szadurski Mikolaj died 1876. Properties of Szadurski: Zwirdzin to Stanislaw Szadurski, Newlany, Dorotpol, Dunakla to the Stanislaw Szadurski family. Oswiej and Malnow - the Mikolaj Szadurski family.
Michal Plater-Zyberk 1777 - 1862/63, his daughter Maria married to Mikolaj Szadurski. Maria b. on 23 Sept. 1813, m. on 15 Oct. 1837, she died in Kraslaw on 20 Dec. 1893.

Izabella Malkiewicz born 01st May 1908 in Moskwa / Moscow / Moscou; Mother-in-God was Maryla Koziell Poklewska / Maryla Koziell Poklevski married to Slotwinski / Slotvinski. Her sister Irena Malkiewicz, actress.
In Moscow her father had a car; she known very well French language. In 1911 first time in Swolna Stara, to Zarakowski, Konstantynowicz and Malkiewicz families. 1912 and 1913 in Stare Zaborze / Zaborze, close to Swolna. 1913 in Oswiej / Osvieja, in empty palace. 1914 in Rawanicze to Slotwinski family, the Berazino parish. She known Miezonka and history about Anna Malkiewicz married Konstantynowicz; Anna died when was born first baby. Lived in Moscow to September 1918; October 1918 in Wilno / Vilnius. January 1919 Vilna / Wilno was captured by Bolshevik troops, and Jozef Malkiewicz left under Soviets. The Malkiewicz family escaped to Warsaw. 1937 served the Red Cross in Warsaw. September 1939 served Field Hospital No 104 of Colonel Szarecki; 08 September 1939 left Warsaw. On 16 September in Kopyczynce and back to Trembowla, and again 18 - 19 September 1939 in Trembowla (to November the 01st, 1939); here was general Wladyslaw Sikorski - and Chruszczow - in Hospital No 104. April 1942 to 1943 - The J. Przybylski office in Warsaw; here general Zymierski - Rola of the Soviet military intelligence service; from Spring 1942 Izabella Malkiewicz / Izabela Horodecka - Malkiewicz as 'Teresa' served Polish counter-intelligence service;

17 March 1943 served to 993/W Special Unit. She was famous for activity during the Second world war in Warsaw. Her mother Genowefa daughter of Jan Werakso from Minsk in Belarus; painter (Izabella Horodecki - Malkiewicz was great grand-daughter of Wiktor Waraksa / Weraksa b. circa 1820 son of Jan). Her father Wladyslaw Alojzy Malkiewicz b. 23 February 1875 in Swolna Stara / Svolna;

lived in the Dryssa county; 1879 in Pluszcze with the Pluszczewski family; 1885 Wilno, after Moscow near by the Konstantynowiczs; married 1907, stayed in Moscow to September 1918. Her husband Zygmunt Horodecki. Deputy Prosecutor of Warsaw Court to 05 September 1939; Kowno 1940; 14 June 1941 jailed in Soviet Union; Palestine and Monte Cassino, Ankona / Ancona. His brother was colonel of Polish Army in 1939.

Maryla Koziell Poklewska / Maryla Koziell Poklevski married to Slotwinski / Slotvinski. Born ca 1880?

Note: Iwan Poklewski-Koziell (1865 - 1925) / Иван Альфонсович Поклевский-Козелл: his mother Angelika Rymoza (1830 - 1901). His father Alfons Poklewski-Koziell (1809 - 1890), grandfather Tomasz Poklewski-Koziell b. ca 1780 / Foma / Томаш Поклевский-Козелл; grandmother Anna Spink b. ca 1790. His sister Антонина Альфонсовна Ризенкампф / Anna Antonina Alfonsovna von Riesenkampff (1860 - 1908).

Jan Koziełł-Poklewski / Jakub Skała / b. 1837 in Serwecz Wielki, d. 1896 in Bobrujsk / Bobruisk; Colonel in 1863; 1852 studied in Petersburg, next in Paris / Paryż; friend of Ludwik Mierosławski; 1861 Wilno, Moscow; Petersburg, 1863 in Warszawa / Warsaw; Augustow; Grodno and Belgium; 1864 Dresden and Paris; back to the Congress Poland in 1872 and jailed in Alma Ata / Ałma-Ata.

Вялікая Сэрвач, Великая Сервачь, Wielki Serwecz, Vialikaja Servač, Siervacz Servach: close to Liudvinovo, Kostienievichi, Stieszicy; ca 18 km south-west of Dolginovo; north-east of Vilejka, north of Minsk in Belarus.

Romuald Mikolaj Augustyn / Romuald Malkiewicz family:

born 07-02-1840 in Jowce, Malnow parish, Ludsen district; family close to Mikolaj Szadurski, Maryanna Szadurska, Dominik Porako, Justyna nee Filipowicz, Jan Brzezinski, Julia nee Cray / Krey, Hermann Cray / Herman Krey, Franciszka nee Ostrowska.

Children:

1. Wladyslaw Alojzy b. 23 February 1875 in Stara Swolna, the Dryssa county, died 29 November 1941 in Warsaw, after 1879 with family Pluszczewski; living in Pluszcze, the Swieciany ujezd. 1885 Wilno college, next Moscow; married in 1907 to Genowefa daughter of Jan Werakso; Summers in Stare Zaborze, Oswiej, Swolna i Rawanicze; in 1914 at Rawanicze close to Berezyna, Oswiej 1912 - 1913; to September 1918 in Moscow, next in Wilno October 1918; January 1919 escaped to Warsaw from Wilno; living in Warsaw. 1919 in Minsk in Belarus, near to dr Jan Malkiewicz with Jastrzebiec coat of arms. Jan Werakso killed in Moscow.

2. Jozef Malkiewicz born Swolna Stara at the Dryssa ujezd in 1879, from 1879 to 1914 in Pluszcze, 12 km from Zacisze of Konstantynowicz; January 1919 married; after 1919 ?

3. Michal Malkiewicz b. ca 1870; lived in Stara Swolna next door Zarako-Zarakowski family. the Oswieja parish, the Dryssa ujezd; friend to Bernatowicz of Zaborze and relatives to the Bortkiewicz family from Swolna - gen. Aleksander Bernatowicz b. 1855; in an office of Piotr Jaroszewicz was woman from this family! Genowefa Malkiewicz nee Werakso to 1975 known the Bortkiewicz family. Michal Malkiewicz married Konstancja Bernatowicz b. 1878 in Zaborze close to Holubowo of Zarakowski, she died 1962. He died 1916 in Swolna Stara. His sons: Marian Malkiewicz b. Stara Swolna, the Witebsk province, 01-01-1916, ca January 1918 with mother escaped Stara Swolna to Wilno; 1919 in Wilno, died 1972. Zygmunt Malkiewicz b. 1907 in Stara Swolna; 1918 escaped from Swolna to Wilno, lived after in Warsaw, married 1937 to Krystyna Zekowska d. 1987; he was after in Kurow, Opatow, Ruszcza; 1950 - 1970 repressed by the Polish communists; d. 1974. Children: Izabela, Zbigniew, Anna Tarnowska.

4. Marian Malkiewicz b. ca 1867 lived in Oswiej, 30 km north of Swolna station; single; from 1873 in Stara Swolna, 4 km from Zaborze; Zaborze 24 km north of Dzisna; Swolna of Zarakowski located 4 km north of Zaborze of Bernatowicz. Killed.

5. Anna nee Malkiewicz with the Korab coat of arms; b. 1865 in Oswiej, after in Malnow, from January 1873 in Stara Swolna, close to Zarakowski; 1879 in Pluszcze, married to Stanislaw Konstantynowicz of Miezonka; died after born of first baby in Miezonka.

At present we have got few figures with our last name in Latvia:

Athena Konstantinovics, Rafael Konstantinovics, Vladimirs Konstantinovics, Ewald Konstantinovics, Siegfried Konstantinovics, Viktors Konstantinovics and in Jelgavas - Edgars Konstantinovics
) www.surnameweb.org/registry/m/a/l/malkiewicz.shtml

2.

Nieciejewski

in farms Hrynica / Griniza and Usochy in the Ihumen district, and also village Luszewska Slobodka in  the Rahacou district (345 ha., here a family of Gorski lived, too) since 1881; the Russian and Soviet general, count  Bronislaw Nieciejewski who was  born c. 1870 in the Berazino parish came from Hrynica, and his  daughter worked as translator and interpreter as early as November 1917 (after completion of the  University of  Paris) at the first Council of People's Commissars under direction of Wladymir (Vladimir) Boncz Brujewicz who was the chief of the Lenin's office 1917 - 1918; either Nieciejovski or  Niecijevskij, Nicijewski and  Nieciovski, too.

Eugeniusz Nieciejewski, born 1826 in Hrynica / Grenica, close to Berezyna Ihumenska; killed by the Red Army in 1922; the Poraj coat of arms, nobleman in 1836. His children: Maria Nieciejewska married to Wladyslaw Szostak b. 1864 Miezonka - she was born 1871 Hrynica; Bronislaw Nieciejewski born 1870, Hrynica, the Russia general; killed in Moscow in accident; Stanislaw Nieciejewski b. 1872, Hrynica; he studied geology around 1892, ca 1895 engineer geologist, settled in Baku and here he worked at the oil fields before 1914; had Georgian wife before 1900, ca 1920 settled in Tbilisi, Georgia. His descendants live in Georgia today.

3.

Uminski 

or Uminskas with Cholewa arms in the Vilna and Vicebsk provinces (Manulki farm A.D. 1672), Bruslevo (or Bryjelov, Brialewo in the Berezina parish) and Smolarnia - Florian Czarnyszewicz has written the book "Nadberezyncy"  about this village; Smolarnia was situated next to Krasny Brzeg in the Babrujsk district,  property of the Korzeniewski  family and also of

Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski
- he was born 1853 and died 1929, son of Alfons Koziell Poklewski 1810 - 1890, who was a member of the State Administration of Trade 1907 - 1912 according to Tatiana Pietrovna Mosunov and he was related to Hotowski i.e. Gatovskij, Slotwinski from Ravanicy and Malkiewicz / Малькевич, too.
The second son of Alfons Koziell Poklewski: Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski was born 1868 and died after 1930, in 1897-1901 Tokio, 1901-1909 London, 1909-1912/13 Persia, 1913 to November 1917 in Romania! His father Alfons Koziell Poklewski had 4 children: three sons (among others Wincenty Stanislaw and Stanislaw) and one daughter: Anna Poklewska - Koziell born ca 1860 married to Antoni Riesenkampff b. ca 1860 with daughter Aniela nee von Reisenkampf 1890 - 1963 married to Jozef Aleksander Wielopolski 1886 - 1961. Above Alfons, the Roman Catholic religion, was born 1809 or 1810 in the Bykov area of the Vitebsk District that is Bykowszczyzna, in the Vicebsk government, after high school in Polock, after in Vilnius, and St Petersburg, 1838 West Siberie and Perm, Ural, Tobolsk, Tiumen, Jekaterynburg (near to the Szumski family), Omsk, Tomsk, Czelabinsk acc. to Antoni Kuczynski. Died in 1890. His father name Фома that is Foma Koziell Poklewski, officer in Polock and was born ca 1780. His next of kin: Jozef son of Jan and Jozefa nee von Tolensdorff, was exiled to Siberie after 1863.

Maryla Koziell Poklewska / Maryla Koziell Poklevski married to Slotwinski / Slotvinski. Born ca 1880?

Note: Iwan Poklewski-Koziell (1865 - 1925) / Иван Альфонсович Поклевский-Козелл: his mother Angelika Rymoza (1830 - 1901). His father Alfons Poklewski-Koziell (1809 - 1890), grandfather Tomasz Poklewski-Koziell b. ca 1780 / Foma / Томаш Поклевский-Козелл; grandmother Anna Spink b. ca 1790. His sister Антонина Альфонсовна Ризенкампф / Anna Antonina Alfonsovna von Riesenkampff (1860 - 1908).

Jan Koziełł-Poklewski / Jakub Skała / b. 1837 in Serwecz Wielki, d. 1896 in Bobrujsk / Bobruisk; Colonel in 1863; 1852 studied in Petersburg, next in Paris / Paryż; friend of Ludwik Mierosławski; 1861 Wilno, Moscow; Petersburg, 1863 in Warszawa / Warsaw; Augustow; Grodno and Belgium; 1864 Dresden and Paris; back to the Congress Poland in 1872 and jailed in Alma Ata / Ałma-Ata.

Вялікая Сэрвач, Великая Сервачь, Wielki Serwecz, Vialikaja Servač, Siervacz Servach: close to Liudvinovo, Kostienievichi, Stieszicy; ca 18 km south-west of Dolginovo; north-east of Vilejka, north of Minsk in Belarus.

The Uminski family
was related to Sarnecki (or  Sarneckis  from  Skierniow estate in the Trakai district) family with Slepowron arms.

After 10 years, I need specifies the base of the Krasny Brzeg village and the village of Smolarnia. Krasny Brzeg is situated in an area of Zlobin that is now the Gomel Province. Here is a palace of Koziell-Poklewski. Smolarnia / Смолярня / Smalarnia is a village in Belarus, a former Polish nobility locality, located in Mogilev Province at present, in the area of Kliczow / Klitshev, 3.5 km to the south-west of Kliczow, next to Niaseta / Niesety, Budniewo, about 30 km south - west of Miezonka. The village is sheltered from the north by forest. Smolarnia and its people during 1905-1920 is describes by Florian Czarnyszewicz.

4.

counties Zarako Zarakowski

i.e. the Zarokovskij family e.g. during war 1878 - 1879; properties: Holubovo palace, Kniazievo village and the great Svolna / Swolna estate - the chief  military state prosecutor of communistic Poland (after - see http://konstantynowicz.info/September_1939 - 1939 P. O. W. in Russia and next Military Attorney in Warsaw / Attorney General) and Soviet general, count Stanislaw Zarako Zarakowski  was born here in 1909 or November 1907; neighbourhood of them: Lipski Jan who  was the noble marshal of the Vicebsk government, Alina Rykow, Maryia Zabiella, famous Czerski by 1835,  Szczyt since 1725, Rudomin, Korsak, Dluzniewski; Jan Zaraka(o) - Zarakowski b. 21.02.1857, Russian general,  stayed in Vicebsk  in June 1918, next Polish division general 1923, d. in Warsaw before 1934 according to T. Kryska-Karski; Soviet and Polish general  Boleslaw Zarako -  Zarakowski was chief of the main staff of the Polish People Army in 1944, b. in Polack 1894.

Count Jozef Zarakowski / Zarako - Zarakovski. Born ca 1833 (like Antoni Konstantynowicz b. ca 1833), owner of Holubowo palace, Kniaziewo estate, big Swolna lands, Wasilewo village in the Dryssa ujezd, the Witebsk government, Russia. Wife Teofila.

His children:

1. Anna Zarakowska, Zarako; b. 1865 in Wasiliszki, the Lida ujezd. She was living in the Dryssa county, Holubowo. After marriage in Swolna, her property; also estates by the Berezyna river and two homes in Daugavpils / Dyneburg. In the summer of 1918 moved from Witebsk / Vicebsk to Warsaw. Next she was living in Wolkowysk. Died in Bransk, Poland, on 10 August 1950.

Her husband Jozef Konstantynowicz son of Antoni Konstantynowicz, b. ca 1833. He was born ca 1857. Second son of Antoni Konstantynowicz from Miezonka.
He was living in Swolna of Zarakowski. Very rich man. Two homes in Dyneburg. Big estate by the Berezyna river. He had three brothers. Summer 1918 in Vicebsk / Witebsk, died in Russia.

2. Hieronim Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakowski Jeronim, godfather of Czeslaw Konstantynowicz in 1901 in Vierchnij Dvinsk / Dryssa.

3. Jan Zarako - Zarakowski / Zarako-Zarakowski, b. 21 February 1857; Russian General and Polish Army General. 1923 div. general retired. Lived in Warsaw, died before 1934, at Powazki buried.

5.

Zbieranowski

Igumen, Berazino (Michal born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904), Riga and Miezonka; they were relations of Sarnecki (or Sarneckis)  family  with Slepowron arms.

Leon Spychalski was godfather of Piotr Zbieranowski. Leon was brother of Marshal Marian Spychalski and friend of the Andrzejak family. Piotr is grandson of Wiktoria Konstantynowicz from Miezonka / Viktoria Konstantinovich of Meshonka in the Berezino parish.

6.

Szostak

Miezonka and (acquaintances of  Raczkiewicz)  Babrujsk = Bobruisk or Bobruysk   www.surnameweb.org/registry/s/z/o/szostak.shtml

7.

Konstantynowicz

Miezonka, Petersburg, Svolna = Svol'na or Swolna, Krycau, Daugavpils, Kovalki, Riga, Omsk, Borovina.

Borowina village:

1. Jan Konstantynowicz b. 15-02-1888, the Berezyna parish, Ihumen district; 1917 officer in Moscow; married to Afina from Georgia, she was living in Moscow, too; ca October 1917 back home to Borowina; escaped with brother Franciszek Konstantynowicz in December 1918 from Borowina / Borowica to Bialystok; in 1920 he served the Balachowicz Army. Pawel / Paul Konstantynowicz Adolfovich, b. 1885 in the Minsk Province, Igumen county, Borovin; Pole, individual peasant, place of residence: Tara district, M - Noble, Sibkraya after arrest on 02/10/1930, convicted 04/08/1930 at Sibkray on 5 years labor camp, sent to Siblag of the Omsk region, source: Memorial Book of the Omsk Region. See http://iberezino.ru/Represed2.html and http://iberezino.ru/Repressed10.html. Also about Konstantynowicz Tomasz son of Ludwig Konstantynowicz / Thomas Lyudvigovich; born 01/01/1893, Borovin in the Berezinskii district, Pole, lived: Berezinski region, village Borovin / Borowina and arrested on September 25, 1937, sentenced: The Commission and the Prosecutor of the NKVD of the USSR December 17, 1937 for espionage, verdict: he was shot January 19, 1938 and place of burial - Cherven. Rehabilitated April 29, 1989 by the military prosecutor. We know now that Ludwig Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms was born ca 1850 / 1860. Ludwig is a descendant of Dominik Konstantynowicz.

2.
Franciszek Konstantynowicz b. 17 / 30-10-1900 in Borowina, son of Ludwik Konstantynowicz, 1915 - 1917 military college in Moscow, 1917 met with Lenin in train to Petersburg; October 1917 back to Borowina; December 1918 escaped to Bialystok, 1920 served to the Balachowicz Army, maybe from 1919. 1921 - Szczypiorno, Plock, Tuchola, Bialystok, Warszawa, 1945 Wroclaw.

3. Ignacy; Tomasz; Paulina born in Smolarnia 1894; Pawel; Piotr; NN daughter; NN son - Adam?

Some additional information about the Konstantynowicz family on the Minsk province and other areas of Belarus:

1. 1921, the Mogilev oblast, the Bialynicze area, Pankov / Pankowo village - (probably Lankovo, 8 km north-east of Bielynichi);
2. Talkachevshchina near by Kojdanov - SW of Minsk;
3. Wiesielowo / Veselovo village in the Osipovichi district, Mogilev region;
4. 1910, Novogrudok region, Korchevichi;
5. Kossovo region, Golenchitsy;
6. Novogrudok prov., Slodchyu / Slodcze; Poles, lived in the Kossovo region in Golenchitsy;
7. 1880, Spustik village in the Minsk district, Byelorussian, peasant, after lived in Puchowicze / Pukhovichy district, Francuska Grobla / Griebla;
8. 1888, Minsk Province. Puhovitskaya parish / Puchowicze area, Podkosie village;
9. Novogrudok area, Gnoinskaya village, Pole; the resident in Kossovo region, Golenchitsy;
10. 1894, Spustik village, the Igumen County; Byelorussian, individual farmer, lived in the Osipovichi district, Yasenovka / Jasieniowka;
11. 1885, the Minsk Province, the Igumen county, Borovin / Borowina village;
12. 1875, Bolschaya Glushitsa or Gluszuca;
13. 1893, Borovin village in the Berezinskii district;
14. 1901, the Dvinsk in Latvia now;
15. Wladyslawa Saturnina Konstantynowicz, b. ca 1861, marrried on 26 July 1884 in Warsaw;
16. Szymon Konstantynowicz Sosa - from Georgia? "Sosa" is nickname only.

8.

Pilecki

Pileckis with Leliwa arms in the Vilna region in 1632 and the Trakai district in 1648, Navahrudak in 1674; first  information of 1484 and 1511; they verified the Swan coat of arms in Vilnius and Kaunas in 1807, and also the family  possessed a farmland near by Lida and close to an estate of Marshal Edward Rydz Smigly west of  Lida in the thirties of the 20th cent. 

9.

Stankiewicz

The Stankiewicz ancestry with the Wadwicz coat of arms lived in the Minsk and Mscislau provinces, according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 8 (among others 1648 and 1661) as early as the 17th century; the Mazyr district, the province of Polack A.D. 1674. They were related to Kotowski and Oginski families. According to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 5, p. 134 - 135: Stankiewicz or Stankevicius of the Mogila, Boncza and Wadwicz coats of arms; they were near related to Bilewicz (or Billewicz) family from Samaites at the turn of the 16th century. There are information about Jan Stankiewicz in Samaites and Vilna A.D. 1635 and about Michal and Adam Mikolaj here in 1648; Jan Mikolaj from Raseiniai region in 1646, and also Kazimierz in 1658; about Stefan from the Minsk province in 1697 and Adam Stankiewicz in Samaites 1788. They verified the Mogila coat of arms on March 16th, 1835 and derived from Samaites territory in Lithuania. Here they owned Raseiniai in 1535 and next moved to Vilkmerge district (Kirbutiszki and Krekszle farms). The noble Stankiewicz family with the Wadwicz coat of arms came of the Orsa district, and next in the Asmjany one, also the Minsk province and the Mscislau one. They verified the Wadwicz coat of arms in Minsk on February 25th, 1828; besides they lived in the Braslau region.  
   You can to see interesting website on the Stankiewicz family,
http://republika.pl/aord/stankiewicz.htm among other things about: 1. Wladyslaw, Adam and Witold Stankiewicz from Vilna; 2. Antoni from the Minsk government (b. circa 1870, the member of the Civil Guard in Minsk in 1918); 3. Feliks b. 1927 in Babrujsk;
   4. The  Stankiewicz family from Przydrusk village near by Daugavpils was related to colonel Jan  Stankiewicz. Przydrusk = Przydrujsk or Piedruja in the former Grand duchy of Lithuania, and Latvia now, 44 km West of Malkiewicz's Old Svolna = Stara Swolna; Jan Stankiewicz born 04.04.1862 in Vilna / Wilno as son of Franciszek Stankiewicz with the Mogila coat of arms and Pelagia nee Sienkiewicz, got married to Maria Odrowaz in 1886 and  next  as colonel served and  lived in Riga / Ryga 1887 - 1909 / 1910 and possesed the Awocin property in Latvia to c. 1910;  the friend  of   parents of  minister Jozef Beck  from Riga and acquaintance of Jozef Pilsudski  in August 1919 in Wilno;  the relation of  Butrym  family. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz was Polish educational activist and freedom fighter within the Pilsudski undercover movement before 1910 in Riga. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz had withdrawn from the  Russian Army on 01.01.1918, and the Bolsheviks assented to this discharge on 28.02.1918; reunion with family in  Smolensk  after January 1918; and next after settled  himself  in Vilna / Wilno / Vilnius in 1918 or maybe spring 1919. But he served for the Polish Army just since April 1919 and as brigade-general in October 1923; died in Milanowek near to Warsaw in December 1945.

He was mistaken for colonel Gustaw Stankiewicz  son of Marian  from the Siedlce government   b. 1860 - 1918 who was maybe commandant of the 2nd  Polish Corps in  Ukraine in  accordance with Nicman of 1995 and with a Moscow Archive of 2000, and Gustaw died in 1918 over a fight against "reds" somewhere in Ukraine;  
also he was  mistaken with  Sylwester  Stankiewicz, according to Vronskya J. of 1992.
. Sylwester Stankiewicz born 1866 and died in Taganrog close to Rostov-na-Don in March 1919;  maybe since 10th January 1918 to 28th March 1918 as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine; General-Lieutenant Sylwester Stankiewicz after served for general Anton Denikin in the Voluntary Army with 3000 Russian soldiers; maybe since January 1919 under command of general Piotr Vrangel.  It's not plain statement seeing as turned up just now and come in from East surely. Entries in Wikipedia of  September 2008 on Gustaw and Sylwester (!) have got only currently edited references and there are mistakes in details.

Main former historians: Baginski H., Dowbor - Musnicki J., Holowko T. of  1931 and Michaelis E. of 1929 point out Russian General-Lieutenant Jan Stankiewicz as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine during December 1917 - March 1918.

 Who was a Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps in
Soroka (Soroca by Dnister in  present north Moldova id est Soroki) and Iasi (east Romania now) in the end of January 1918 till March 08th,  1918?  Colonel Jan Stankiewicz from Riga? General Jan Stankiewicz? Old Gustaw Stankiewicz or an unknown Stankiewicz?  Sylwester Stankiewicz? 

Commander of  the 2nd  Polish Corps retreated front of Germans (a withdrawal of military forces after 
acceptance the Ukraine as ind. state by Germany on 09 February 1918 and 03 Mar. 1918) and after stayed in Iasi on  March 02nd, 1918 and came into contact  with Haller in Jaruga on
March 05th, 1918; when Romania
on the same day March 05th, 1918 concluded an alliance with  Germany - Haller and Stankiewicz with the 2nd Corps on 08th March 1918 launched  a march east and crossed Dnister river going into  Ukraine evading a disarmament in the then Romania. On the other hand General - Lieutenant Jan   Stankiewicz went out from  Czeczelnik to Kiev on March  25th, 1918, to Gen. Michaelis, and next he joined the  White Russian Gen. Aleksiejew / Alekseev by the Kuban river in April 1918 He fought north of  Stavropol in  September  -  October 1918, e.g.  battle  near by Ternovka on  October 14th, 1918 with White  Russians against "reds".  Stankiewicz took the offensive against Stalin's troops for  Astrakhan in middle of  November  1918, and after a retreat of the Voluntary Army, fought at Stavropol "White" Territory in  December 1918 and at the beginning of 1919. General Jan Stankiewicz evacuated himself  from Novorossijsk and probably arrived close by Odessa in March 1919.

 Note: the retreat of 3500 soldiers of the Voluntary Army from under Odessa commenced  at the beginning of April 1919 towards Bessarabia - it was a province of the then Romania between 1918 and 1940/44  - where the Romanians had disarmed "white" Russians, and a  part of this "Army" joined in  General 
Zeligowski 4th Division transcending Dniestr / Dnister river on 10th April 1919;  made Tschernowzy (= Chernovits, Cernivci) and Stanislavov in Poland  in June 1919.  See   Berezyna
5. Bronislaw from Riga (b. 1913, his  grandfather Nikodem was policeman in Riga).  

10.

Spychalski

The Spychalski family from Lodz, worked in a garage of Andrzejak at the beginning of the 20th century and they were acquainted with Pilsudski

Miezonka na mapie sowieckiej 1951 / 1982. Copyright by http://download.maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/n-36-063.jpg


История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Orlov-Denisov / Orlow Denisow, Dadiani, Nikitin, Wittgenstein, Golicyn / Golitsyn, Bagrationi / Bagration-Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky, Pashkovsky / Paszkowski, Duflon / Dyuflon, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch, Armand, Demonets / Demonet in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia. The Lenin Revolution 1917 - 1918.


История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Dubbelt / Dubelt, Pushkin / Puszkin, Gernet, Toll, Croy, Rehbinder, Konstantinovich / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonet, Kalinowski, Trubecki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoj, Sedykh / Siedoch, Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakovskij, Dyuflon / Duflon, Nobel, Vernadskij, Modzelewski families in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, Alexandrovsk, Miezonka, Berezyna, Orsha, Mahileu, Mscislaw, Riga, Tallinn, Kronstadt, Viljandi, Parnu / Parnawa, Daugavpils, Harku, Saku, Nomme, Kazan).

My grandfather Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Jurij Konstantinovich / vel Marian Konstantynowicz was a regular.
On 04 December 1918 he owned document in Marian Konstantynowicz name but he wasn't this person surely over military service in voluntary Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division. My grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900 in the village MIEZONKA, at present Belarus: the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev or Mahilyow province) 'oblast'; the village is situated among grand forest and southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of the Radzivilles enormous estates before A.D. 1840. He has got papers that was born in Warsaw in 1898 or in Pohost / Pogost close to Berezyna / Berazino.
At first he learnt - Autumn 1908 - in the secondary school in
Mahileu by the river Dnjapro,

next he was transfered to Parnu / Pernau at the end of 1908: 1908 / 1909 - to 1912 a real school - Gymnasium in PÄRNU / Pernau / Parnawa / Пернов or Пярну

(
the Livland government, and Estonia present; Феллин / Fellin that is after 1917 - Вильянди / Viljandi is situated close to Parnu, and the Konstantynowicz's vel Staroch Siedoch / Sedykh / Siedoh /
Седых / Siedych
lived here. At margin: the Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army Johan Laidoner was born 1884 in Raja farmstead near Viiratsi, site now located in nearby Vardja village in Viljandi / Viiratsi area, 2 km from Viljandi in the south. President Konstantin Pats born 1874 in Tahkuranna, Parnumaa - the Parnu district, and his grandfather Hans Pats was born 1819 in Holstre - Viljandi County / Viljandimaa - Holstre in the Paistu Parish, is situated about 10 km south east from Viljandi, Estonia.

Pärnu Coeducational Gymnasium / Pärnu Ühisgümnaasium / Boys Gymnasium of Pärnu / Pärnu Kuninga Tänav Pohikool School is located in Pernau. The school was founded in 1861 and is the eldest school in town. It started as a school for boys. Here has studied: Tiit Kuusik, Paul Keres 1930-1934, Konstantin Päts b. 1874, graduated from Pärnu Gymnasium, 1894-98 studied law at Tartu University, 1918-38 Prime Minister, 1905-06 in Switzerland, 1906-09 in Finland. The beginning of scouting in Estonia, in 1912 back to the first troop was formed in Pärnu. The first article in the Estonian media about scouting was published in 1911. Anton Ounapuu described there the principles of scouting, and soon 'Junyi Razvedtchik' was obtained. The Pärnu troop stayed functioning as the one and only troop during the first years of scouting in Estonia, attracting 80 - 100 boys on its best days. In 1916 a troop was formed in Tartu and in 1916/17 Anton Ounapuu started scouting activities in different schools in Tallinn, where he was teaching gymnastics. Some scouts and leaders joined with Kalevlaste Maleva in 1918. In Parnu has studied: Jeannot Schotz, had been a gold medal student at Gymnasium (High School) in Pärnu before going on to Riga University; Schotz, Benno b. 1891, sculptor, at the age of two he moved to Pärnu and attended the Gymnasium there until 1911. Vilms, Jüri b. 1889 Kabala parish, Viljandi county, studied at Pärnu Gymnasium and was expelled for participating in the revolutionary events of 1905. After studying privately, he graduated from school in 1907. On 19 February 1918 Vilms, together with Konstantin Päts and Konstantin Konik, was elected a member of the Estonian Salvation Committee / the Rescue Committee. Boris Berg, Earl b. 1884 in Eastland. As a child, he lived in France, then studied at a grammar school in Pärnu. In 1901, in the footsteps of his father, George Berg, entered the Parnu Gymnasium / Lyceum, of the course 62. He served in the Office of the Ministry of Justice. Additional info on Anton Ounapuu: Anton Ounapuu born in the Vana-Vändra borough in Pärnu County, Estonia, the Liivoja farm / talu, Liivoja farm is located close to Vohma, Imavere, Kabala / Kabbalah and Arkma village; his wife Ella Ksenia, his sister Emmeline Kald, his half sister Anna Milvek, his father Hans Ounapuu b. 1844. He started his studies in Vaki Municipality School 1897, graduatuated from Vändra Parish School in 1903. In 1908 he continued his studies at evening courses. Graduated in 1913 from Helsinki University. Worked at gymnastics schools in 1913-18; he promoted the Scout Movement in 1916 in schools of Haapsalu, Pärnu, Tallinn and Viljandi. In 1917 Ounapuu formed a Student Home Guard Squad. His friend Anton Jürgenstein b. 1861 Vana-Vändra vald, Pärnumaa, was an Estonian journalist, literary critic and politician. Jaan Tonisson close friend and companion. Anton Jürgenstein was elected in 1907 to the Russian State Duma. Jaan Tonisson b. 1868, near Tänassilma, Viiratsi Parish, Viljandi County, Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932
)

-
he knew very well spoken and written Estonian according to the Polish Ministry of Defense in Warsaw
- and

the Naval Corps (or at the Petrograd Naval College = the Naval War College; Course of Navigation Officers 1912 - December 1916) in St Petersburg and 

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Pushkin, Troubetzkoy, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Sedykh from Kazan, Soltan, Oginski, Paszkowski and Kalinowski from Cracow, Zbieranowski, Zarako-Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Dunkel / Tunkel from Estonia, Dubbelt / Dubelt from Riga, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Holynski of 18th cent., Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia.

he first served in the Kronstadt Stronghold (the Bureau of Navy Transport - in a navigation ensign capacity, i.e. concretly "pra'porchik", this is a temporary rank, about equivalent to Sub-Lieut., R.N.R. in British Navy, one 1/2-inch gold stripe without curl - Dec. 1916 / March 1917). After the March (1917) Revolution and during the First World War he escaped on powerboat from the Kronstadt Stronghold to Tallinn (Reval = Revel, the capital of autonomous Estonia = Estland since March 1917) with Estonian engineer Jansen / Jannsen and stayed here since 02nd April 1917 by 02nd June of 1917; next in Petrograd on 03rd June 1917 by November 1917

Curiosity: 1. Among seamen writers was Captain 2nd rank Konstantin Konstantynowicz. 2. 1907 - first plant in Estonia built to provide power for household electric power on stream in Parnu. 3. 1908 - first radio transmission station in Estonia is built at the Russian imperial Baltic Fleet's Tallinn port. 

St Petersburg and The Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company 1892 - 1918

During the fighting between the "whites" and "reds" after the Bolshevik Revolution towards the end of 1917 (Minsk Litewski - he has been assigned on 11 December 1917 to the Cadet Legion, here in December 1917 - and at a later date in Orsha / Orsza [Christmas?] and ca 15 December 1917 in Old Bychau / Bychow) by summer 1918 my grandfather 'Marian' or Jerzy Konstantynowicz / Yuri / Георгий / Юрий Константинович served for

secret service of counter revolutionary White 1st Polish Corps 

under general Dowbor Musnicki (a scout troop of the 1st Division and next - on 27th January 1918 - under command of engineer Wroblewski - who later worked in an armoury in Pionki  in the thirties of the 20th century  keeping in touch with the Wankowicz family still - recognized Mahileu and Babrujsk) and  fought (Orsa = Orscha / Orsza, colonel Frej 16/20 January 1918 and Rahacou / Rochaczow 03rd/10th January 1918 - 4th infantry regiment, the 1st  Division of Polish Rifles, Hradzianka / Grodsjanka / Grudzjenka - North of Ossipowitschi Mahilyow google satellite maps) against the Bolsheviks for freedom of this  country; he carried out duties of courier (Minsk, Babrujsk, Barysau) for the Polish Women Rings. We must back now to Aldona nee Dzierzynski who was living in the Bobruisk district near by Ryszard Edward Wincenty Dzierżyński b. 1817, who was brother of Edmund Dzierzynski b. 1829
or (date of birth is mistake maybe) Эдмунд Руфин Иосифович Дзержинский / Edmund Rufin Iosifovich Dzierzynski, b. on 15 May 1838, died in 1882 (born in Oszmiany / Oshmiany / Ошмяны, the Wilno government / Виленская губ.).

Next in the  

Civil Guard of the Minsk Government and the Government of Mahileu on 08th July 1918

- then met the family of Wankowicz (quod vide Appendix D about this family) in Old Kaluzyca = Kaluzyn because Mr. Witold "Tolo" Wankowicz was chief of the Union of Weapon in the Ihumen district  -  

autonomous section of the Polish Military Organization 

- and my grandfather was courier between the Luboszany (= Libuschany) estate and Kaluzyca in fall 1918;  see: Berezyna ; here you  can to acquaint with information about former Ihumen district and with data on the Polish in the parish of Berezino; it's a large part devoted to Polish senior officers in Tsarist Army and which next served for the 1st Polish  Corps in Belarus in 1917 - 1918;  Jerzy Konstantynowicz vel Marian Konstantynowicz

my grandfather was near to general Wejtko (ensign of orderly in Minsk and Vilna 1918) in  the  

Self-defence of Lithuania and Belarus - on 22nd November 1918 from Minsk Litewski to Wilno / Vilnius, and 04th December 1918 in Lapy close to Bialystok to Polish Army - 15th December 1918 a school of the Kowno Regiment

- after the collapse of tsarist Russia, Poland regained its independence after 123 years  of  foreign rule and he was professional officer in the 

military intelligence service of  Polish Army 

(namely IInd Bureau of the General Staff - determination according to "The Secret Story of SOE (...)" by W. J.  M. Mackenzie, U.K. 2000, p. 312; 04 December 1918 he owned document in Marian Konstantynowicz  name but he wasn't this person surely over military service in voluntary Lithuanian - Byelorussian  Division) 1918 - 1947; military oath in Vilna on December 29th, 1918 during defense of  the town against Soviet troops; the 77th Kovno Regiment next; he served when Poland  was fighting with the Bolsheviks in defense of its independence (20 February 1919 Rozanka, Slonim, Nowogrodek, Minsk Litewski, 11 March 1919 to 10th May 1919 ? - 1920). 

The LIDA garrison (the barracks had name of Marshal Edward Rydz Smigly; the 77th Infantry  Regiment handed over an estate to the Marshal west of Lida near by a farmland of famous Pilecki family;  a pilot and the pioneer of Polish air force Witold Worbek Lettaw from Lithuania (the Lettowt family was verified  in the Kaunas government in 1844 - 1847 and in Vilna on 03.05.1827 as Letowt; also as Letovt Vorbek or von Lettow Vorbeck, v.  Lettow-Vorbeck, Lettow von Vorbek) acted in this garrison) by morning 18 - 09 - 1939; my grandfather at the night 17 / 18 September 1939 co-organized burning of the LIDA  garrison's documentation and next was in Landwarow (= Lentvaris) on  September 19th, 1939,  ZAWIASY, probably arrived at the Rudziszki (= Rudiskes) station and to Grodno 20th  September 1939. He gone on Lithuania on September 21st (= Litauen; was interned and after registered  at the Vievis station 21st   September 1939; see more information about Polish September 1939: http://konstantynowicz.info) 1939; he was in  camps for prisoners of war in: Palanga, relocated to Vilkaviskis Ponoj (= Ponoi in USSR   Karta), Archangel / Archangelsk and Viazniki / at the Wjasniki station (here in August 1941; that is  the Jusha camp = Jusk); 

  Walki z sowietami po 23 wrzesnia 1939  New website! © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

September 1941 - May 1947 Army of general Anders. 1947 -- 1948 émigré from Italy to ARGENTINA. He lived after in Mexico or New Mexico, too. I am unclear about where he died; he used pseudonym Stankiewicz / Antoni Stanislaw Stankiewicz ? as though a second surname.

A few details after 10 years of my websites:
My grandfather was rarely at home before The Second World War. He traveled often for longer. With these expeditions brought particular trophies. What it was? These trophies from the trips were the Bolshevik guns called "revolver" or "Nagan" with a large caliber. He had a drawer in his office in the garrison of the 77th infantry regiment in Lida, full of them always. Probably, he killed enemies acc. to my father, on behalf of the Polish state. So my father spoke to us, grandfather often had to be on a secret trip to the Soviet Union. When he left the garrison and was in the central Poland, it received the nick-name Stankiewicz. For his interlocutors he took as a gift the Bolshevik guns. Once he was at the anniversary meeting of the members of the Polish Military Organization in Krakow and he was wearing a colonel's uniform. He had several biographies: according to one worked for the mobilization department of the Ministry of Defence. According to another legend, was a accountant. Still other data said that already in Tsarist Russia was learning to future employee of military intelligence, probably in the range of encryption and radio. The course includes swam on the Russian battleship - "Petropavlovsk". During World War I it was stationed in Helsinki. In 1918, in Miezonka and Bobruisk he walked in uniform of the tsarist army probably "junker", very decorative, according to his colleague from Miezonka. Also he used the birth certificate of Marian Konstantinovich, who died shortly after birth, but he was baptized. The new born baby died when his mother Anna also died - she was from the home of Malkiewicz family. These false documents indicated to Stanislaus Konstantynowicz as his adoptive father. When in 1939 he was in a camp for Polish interned soldiers in Palanga, Lithuania has used for identification in contact with the family, a sailing ship picture. In 1947 Marian Konstantynowicz settled near to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Acc. to KONSTANTYNOWICZ Immigration Records on the Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina, at http://www.hebrewsurnames.com/ we read: KONSTANTYNOWICZ, JAN aged 25, ORTODOX, Polish, on 01/02/1929 arrived to BUENOS AIRES; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, MARIA aged 57, householder, Catholic, from Italy, ship EMPIRE HALBERD, dep. GENOVA, arrived on 20/11/1947 to BUENOS AIRES, was born in ROMA; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, MARIAN aged 47, Catholic, Polish, ship EMPIRE HALBERD, dep. GENOVA, arrived on 20/11/1947 to BUENOS AIRES, born in MIEZONKA; KONSTANTYNOWICZ, STEFAN aged 22, Catholic, Polish, from CHERBURG, arrived 03/08/1927 to BUENOS AIRES, born in ZYDOWSKIE; and again KONSTANTYNOWICZ, STEFAN aged 28, from TRIESTE arrived on 18/09/1932 to BUENOS AIRES, was born in ZYDOWSKIE. These data were obtained from www.cemla.com.

After 1948 all marks after Marian Konstantynowicz are interrupted. It is known, however, that Marian Konstantynowicz next was in Mexico. No one knows where or when he died.

Before the Second World War my grandfather did not have in the then Poland any family of his parents. My family in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century, was running an extensive exchange of correspondence mainly from Estonia and in second place with Finland and Latvia. At a later point were letters from Lithuania.

More about Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Latvia in combination with radiotelegraphy, communications, telephone, radio tubes, wiring, and transmission of information by radio to the next page of my genealogy.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Latvia in combination with radiotelegraphy, communications, telephone, radio tubes, wiring, and transmission of information by radio in Russia 1892 - 1918. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.

His particular personal signs acc. to UK Ministry of Defense (photo of 1934): 

- his blood - group: A

-  a scar under right knee

- he was 160 cm tall. 


The Sedoh / Siedoh / Sedykh / Седых / Siedych family in Estonia and in Tatarstan now.

Victor Konstantynowicz vel Wiktor Konstantynowicz or Wiktor Konstantynowicz Staroch Siedoch vel (nickname) Starych Siedych / Sedykh (acc. to me he changed the surname because Viktor Konstantinovich has the documents named Constantine and scans of Estonian passports with the Starych Siedych surname), was born on 20 October 1874 in Kazan, his father unknown name, but mother was Mary vel Maria nee Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1853 (or circa 1840). Wiktor Konstantynowicz was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg, her father Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Riabczynski; on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu (by the order of Nomme Small Town Council, Hiiu-Rahu Cemetery, which was established in 1919, is the smallest among the cemeteries in Tallinn) in Tallinn: Victor on 19 January 1945 buried by Rita Tunkel / Tungel, address Apteegi 14-2 and Alexandra - 09 December 1948 buried by Galina Tunkel.
Inf. among others things by Inga Ilves (she is from Moscow / Москва, Russia but with roots from Järva County and near by families from Odessa, Tallinn - Hiiu [Hiiu is a subdistrict / asum in the district of Nomme, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia], the town of Elva in Estonia) and 'http://forum.vgd.ru/'.

There are 10 people in Estonia with the Trubetskoi / Trubetskoy (Трубецкой и Эстония) last name now, in Harjumaa. Harju County or Harjumaa / Harrien / Harria, it is situated in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland; Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is included in the county.
See also: 'genealogy.euweb.cz' acc. to Josef Zvonecka and 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ATrubetskoy_family' "...but then the page was attacked by Polish nationalists who turned it into a mess, starting a bunch of unnecessary stubs with Polish names. They also extensively used the Trubetskoy genealogy which I had compiled and posted at 'genealogy.euweb.cz'. I am sorting this category and some of it's members have really more connection with Russia then Poland..." (?!). "Someone give a bibliographic reference for this genealogy" at 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trubetskoy_family'. My correspondent was writing to me in June 2012: "...The Library of Congress as well as some other world libraries own the official Troubetzkoy family genealogies. The most recent one was published in 1976 and has full information about Princess Maria and was written by a nephew. In addition, there are 3 books about the descendants of that particular branch of the family, with the latest book published in 2006".

Bedrich Vilem Urban was born on March 18, 1880 in Senice in Austria / now Czech Republic and died 1955; in 1904 worked for 'Tallinna Volta' and 1908 for 'firmas Duflon ja Konstantinovitsch' that is the Dyuflon and Konstantynowicz Company, 1911 'Siemens-Schuckert'. In 1918 back to Estonia. His wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban; his children: Dalibor Dalka Urban, Jean Boris Urban, Zdanek Zdenya Urban; his parents: Marie Urban and Stepan Urban father. Above named his wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban nee Steinberg born on June 29, 1882 in Tallinn, Harjumaa county - her father Gustav Kustas Steinberg b. on March 2, 1850 in Üksnurme - Üksnurme is a village in Saku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, close to Tallinn, Üksnurme is 2 km south - west from Saku; Saku is 12 km south of Nomme, and 16 km from Tallinn. Saku is a small borough in Harju County, Estonia. Her mother: Anna Maria Steinberg nee Sa(a)lwelt / Saalwelt b. June 21, 1862 in Harku; Harku is 6 km west of Nomme, where lived the Sedykh and Konstantynowicz families, next of kin with the Troubetzkoy family. Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living on 09 June 1934 in Estonia, Nomme at Harku (the Harku street in Nomme located in north of the town, near to the Hiiu-Rahu kalmistu Tallinnas) tn 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu. Above named address: Hiiu, street Harku tn (No) 28, apt. 2, Nomme - Tallinn, Harjumaa district, Eesti / Estonia - Harku str. No 28 crossroads streets on Vahtra str in north part of Nomme. Nomme is one of the 8 administrative districts of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Harku / Hark is a small borough in Harku Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. Anna Maria Steinberg nee Sa(a)lwelt / Saalwelt died in the Czech Republic. And a grandmother of wife Amanda Wilhelmine Clara Urban nee Steinberg: Mina Salwelt nee Mamers b. on October 7, 1836 in Parmel.


Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Estonia and Latvia. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, and Kalinowski from Cracow, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Dunkel / Tunkel, 
Rehbinder / Rebinder, Benkedorf, Urban, Steinberg, 
from Estonia, Dubbelt / Dubelt from Riga, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, 
Azbelev, Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia.

An information from a database of the White movement:

Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty,
in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division

(by Michael Kihntopf: 

'...The Russian counter-revolutionary Northwest Army ... had started near the Estonian and Russian frontier ... The Northwest Army had its origins in ... October 1918 in the occupied city of Pskov. ... the German General Staff authorized the organization of nearly 2500 prisoners of war and former tsarist officers who had sought shelter from the Bolshevik secret police in German occupied territory into a unit it designated as the Northern Corps. ... Konstantin Pats, the Estonian prime minister ... had formed a fledgling army of two 300 man companies. ... White movements, the Corps ...contained 36 former generals ... The first was General Aleksandr Rodzianko ...The second to rise to the top was a product of the revolution, Major General Stanislav Bulak-Balakovitch who styled himself as the Ataman of Peasants and Partisan Legions. He had begun his military career in 1915 as a private gaining an officership as a reward for organizing Polish guerilla units in German occupied territory. When the revolution came, he had thrown his support to the Bolsheviks only to desert with 1000 men, four machine guns, and 120 horses and join the Northern Corps at Pskov where he promoted himself from captain to major general. Bulak-Balakovitch became the corps' co-field commander. ... Rodzianko attached his men to the Estonians. On 4 January 1919, the Estonians (struck)... Rodzianko began to organize the liberated territory. ... nearly 5000 bayonets were added to the corps. ... British observers placed the corps numbers at just under 7000. The corps, considering its claimed numbers, declared itself the Northwest Army. ... Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, the supreme commander of Russian counter revolutionary forces, gave his approval to Rodzianko and ordered General of the Infantry Nikolai Iudenich, who had escaped to Finland in 1918, to take over the administrative command of the army. ... he was relying on an army of 25,000 divided into six columns. ... Column D (4th Division) would advance east to Luga and column E's purpose was to cut the Pskov – Luga railway. Column F was to protect the right flank of E and (4th Division) D. Each of the columns consisted of a division ... The offensive began on 11 October 1919 all along the front. ... (4th Division) Column D captured Luga on 13 October ... For a few months, Iudenich was held under house arrest ... Iudenich left Estonia aboard a British ship ...' -  

Copyright © 2008 Mike Kihntopf / Michael P. Kihntopf at: kihnt@swbell.net. ... veteran of the U.S. Air Force. Published online: 06/27/2008).

In 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living in Peterburg / St. Petersburg but on June the 14th, 1924 they lived in the town of Viljandi.
Daughter of Alexandra and Victor Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovitsch:
Galina nee Konstantynowicz born approx. 1900 / 1902 died in Nomme after 1968 and was married to a Latvian; she had two daughters, one married to a Latvian, another to a German (Irena?).

Below inf. by http://forum.vgd.ru/ September 2004 to August 2011, but with few (!) mistakes:
Victor Konstantynowicz vel Staroch Siedoch Viktor Konstantinovitsch was born 1874, the husband of Ивановой Александры Николаевны / Alexandra Nikolaevna Ivanova, born in 1877, whose daughter Галина Седых / Halina Sedykh / Galina Siedych, born between 1901 and 1903, went from St. Petersburg in Tallinn, where she married to an Estonian and gave birth to two daughters, the youngest of whom was named Irene / Iren. Wiktor Konstantynowicz vel Victor Siedych, Navy ensign, who lived in Geslerovsky lane / Геслеровском пер. No 29, in Petersburg in 1917. The Geslerovsky lane now has the Chkalov prospect name. Victor Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich was confirmed in a letter of 1944.
Galina Sedykh in 1968 lived in the center of Nomme, now Tallinn Nomme.
Victor Starych Siedych Konstantinovich was born on 20th October 1874 in Kazan, his father Staych Siedych Konstantyn / Constantine (??), mother Duchess Mary Trubetskoy / Maria Trubetskaya; a sailor, Petrograd. And Alexandra was born on 02nd March 1877 in St. Petersburg, but her father Nikolai Ivanov and her mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / Ryabchinsky; resided on 09 June 1934 at Nomme, Harku street No 28-2.
Above Victor Konstantinovich b. 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, ensign by the Admiralty, in the North-Western Army enlisted May 20, 1919, in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

Alexandra Konstantynowicz was buried by mentioned Rita Dunkel, and in the recording of Constantin (Wiktor Konstantynowicz) is Galina Dunkel / Tungel or Tunkel.

Rudolph Dunkel b. 1881 in Kurtna - d. ?; his brother: Carl Johann Dunkel b. 1872 in Riisipere - d. ?, his children: 1898 Harald Johann Dunkel in Tallinn, 1899 Marga Helene Dunkel in Koogi / Joelähtme ca 25 km east of Tallinn. Riisipere - close to Nissi; 23 km south of Lehola.
Dunkel, Johannes was living in Tallinn, 1904.
By Georg Dunkel from Suomi: Elisabeth Dunkel nee Koplas (her father Michel Koplas 1840 in Vastseliina, area of Voru, Eastland - south-east part of Estonia now, and west of Pskov 70 km) b. 1878 in Hürsi, Vorumaa, Estonia but west of Pskov and died 1953 in Helsinki; her son: Voldemar Dunkel b. in St Petersburg and died in Helsinki; her husband Georg Otto Dunkel, he was living in Viipurinlääni, Suomi / the Viipuri Province was a province of Finland from 1812 to 1945; her grandson Georg Dunkel. Above Voldemar Dunkel was born 1903 in St Petersburg - 1964 in Helsinki, Finland; his father Georg Otto Dunkel b. 1873 in Szczecin, Western Pomerania - d. 1941 in Kirkkonummi, Finland - municipality is located just outside the Helsinki Metropolitan Area; Voldemara's wife Taisia Dunkel nee Stanovaja / Stanovay b. 1902; her sons: Albert, Eugen and Georg Dunkel - Finland - his son Manuel Dunkel.
Juhan Tunkel 1862 - 1930, by Henryk Manicki. Nicknames: Juhhan, Dunkel, born on March 4, 1862 in Humala, Keila district, Harjumaa and d. April 1, 1930. His children: Annette Rosalie Türberg in Baltisch Port / Paldiski, Harjumaa, next on February 11, 1897 birth of Julie Tunkel in Paldiski, he married to Mari Dunkel and second time to Juula Dunkel. Next children: 1898 Maria Dunkel and 1901 Hermine Dunkel in Humala, Harjumaa; and 1903 Johannes Dunkel in Humala, Harjumaa. Johannes Dunkel b. 1903 died ?, Humala, Harjumaa and his halfsister: Annette Rosalie Türberg b. on June 27, 1893 in Baltisch Port / Paldiski, Harjumaa; m. 1920 to Johannes Türberg, children: 1926 Vilma Rosalie Türberg in Lehola, Harjumaa. And her halfsister: Julie Tunkel 1897 - d.?, Paldiski, by http://www.geni.com/people/Julie-Tunkel. Her sister: Hermine Dunkel 1901 - d.? from Humala, Harjumaa and son of Hermine: Heldur Jakob.
Some details on different person: Leeno Dunkel nee Trauerberg b. on August 27, 1844 in Rannamoisa, Harjumaa, her husband Jüri Tunkel and her father Jüri Trauerberg. Her daughter Maria Pauline Hindreus nee Tunkel b. 1870.
Both women - Rita Dunkel and Galina Dunkel - lived in those years at Apteegi No 14-2 in the area Nomme. The Apteegi street (Apteek road) in Tallinn, close to Vene str., and the Tallinna Kultuurivaartuste Amet in Old Town. See 'A Rambling Dictionary of Tallinn Street Names' by Simon Hamilton.
1825 - restored merchant's harbor Baltic port / Baltijskij Port / Paldiski. 1842 - Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas was built at the expense of Nicholas I, on the proposal of the chief of the III Department of His Majesty's Office of General A. H. Benkedorf / А. Х. Бенкедорф, a native of this place, the owner of the estate located near Keila-Joa. Created in 1856 by a special committee 'to improve on the military side', examining the question, '...where there should be first-class marine facilities', for the Baltic Fleet, near to the mouth of the Gulf of Finland. The Baltic port converted into the base of the main forces of the fleet. 1857 in the Baltic port began research under the direction of Admiral Panfilov, were taken successively in 1881 and 1889. Here was the headquarters of the Baltic Coast Defense district. 1893 - 1897 here lived Dunkel or Tunkel.

Close to Humala, in the Keila Parish, was an estate of Abram Hannibal. In Estonia, Abram Hannibal taken a family crest when he bought an estate Karyakyula / Vana-Karjaküla mõis / Alt-Hohenhof - Ivan Gannibal (1735-1801), was born in Karjaküla Manor (Pushkin), after: von Glehn, von Gernet, von Krause / Kraus. Karjaküla is a small borough in Keila Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia. It is known that Hannibal was the chief commander of Tallinn for 10 years and married Regina Christina Sjöberg / Sheberg in 1736; she was the daughter of the Swedish army captain Mattias Sjöberg (the female line from the family Albedil) but her first son was born on 5 June 1735 in Vana-Karjaküla mõis. The three eldest sons (Ivan, Peter and Osip) were born in Eastland, and two younger (Isaac and Jacob), on the estates of Pskov province.

Count Alexander von Benckendorff / Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, b. 1781 or 1783 d. 1844, was a Russian Cavalry General; he is most frequently remembered for his later role, under Tsar Nicholas I, as the head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia. Alexander von Benckendorff was born to a Baltic German family in Reval / Tallinn. His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven. He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section from 1826 to 1844. His family possesed Schloss Fall / Keila-Joa from 1827 or 1837 and in 1830s Meremoisa / Merremois / Meremoisa, close to Keila-Joa. After his death, the castle was owned by prince Volkonsky family.

"Konstantyn" and Alexandra were buried at different sites; on the site of Konstantyn were: Lewashow Weera / Levashov Veera in 1933, 1972 and Kuznetsova Kalina 1976, Lewaschov Konstantin / Lewasow Konstantin 1936, Straro, Sedo or Straroh Sedoh Konstantin (Constantine) and Ma'nnik Eugen 1986. On the site of Alexandra: Aleksandra and Ivanova Maria 1991, Donskov Peeter 1993, Mary Grigorevna 7.11.1914 - 27.10.1911 and Peter / Pietr 09 January 1920 - 25 September 1993. It is possible that this place was sold to a new owner. A date : 11 September 1948 and 1991 not confirmed. Sedykh were Orthodox.
Dunkel Galina at the cemetery of Siselinna on 13 August 1982; here name of Rita Krause. Maybe Rita is a daughter of Galina, and Rita Irene and Rita are the same person. Rita Irene, daughter of Heinrich / Rita Irene Heynrihovna b. 1927 / Rita-Ireene at cemetery of Siselinna that is Krauze Rita-Ireene died on 21 November 1998.
Heinrich Dunkel, a father of Rita, Irene; captain. Heinrich Georg Dunkel / Heinrich Dunkel / Baldwin-Heinrich Dunkel was a reserve captain; Heinrich Dunkel was poisoned in the central prison of Tallinn by the communists. On January 10, 1934 or 1935 - a funeral of the union officers leader, a reserve captain Baldwin - Heinrich Dunkel took place in Tallinn. He had died in prison.

From Riga, Latvia: daughter of Galina Sedykh / Dunkel was Irena. Sabine from Riga is the Sedykh family relatives. After Irene's death from Tallinn brought some pictures, among them there were, pre-revolutionary.

On the Baltic German family von Krause and the Siselinna / Siselinna kalmistu Cemetery, str Vana Kaarli kalmistu, place K VI, 11-1. That is the Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn, sometimes called the Tallinn Military Cemetery, is one of the three cemeteries of the Tallinn City Centre Cemetery. It is situated about 3 kilometres outside the centre of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Dunkel Galina at the cemetery of Siselinna was buried on 13 August 1982; here name of Rita Krause. Maybe Rita is a daughter of Galina, and Rita Irene and Rita are the same person. Siselinna Cemetery No K VI 11/1 11/1 - Dunkel Galina on 13.08.1982 by Rita Krause. Siselinna Cemetery No K IX 4/5 buried Krauze Rita-Ireene on 21.11.1998. Dunkel, Balduin-Heinrich, captain, reg. file ERA.554.1.139 - ERA.1868.1.1361 on 16.03.1934-15.01.1935 that is Heinrich Dunkel, father of Rita Irene nee Dunkel. Victor Konstantinovich born on 20.10.1874 in Kazan, his father Konstantinovich, mother Mary Trubetskoy / Trubetskaya, was sailor, Petrograd, Alexandra b. 03.02.1877 in Petersburg, her father Nikołaj Iwanow, mother Olga Ryabchinskaya, Victor was living on 09/06/1934 in Nomme. The Krauze / Krause family, Latvian-German origin, before the Second War in Latvia and Estonia:

1. Christina Sofia Krause / Христина-София Краузе b. 1755 in Revel / Tallinn, d. 1825;
m. Frideriks / Фридерихс b. 1749; her children: in Ревель, was Евстафий Иванович Фридерихс / Якоб Иоганн Август, b. 1776, d. 1834, and Генрих Якоб Фридерихс b. ca 1780; in Avandus / Авандус, was born Элизабет Катарина Фридерихс in 1784. They were living in Lasinurme (Lassinorm) - close to Avandus, knight manor in Simuna Parish, Virumaa County - south of Rakvere;
Thula / Tuula, Saue Parish, Harju County, Estonia - 3 km south of Keila, 8 km soth-west of Saue, 8 km east of Lehola.
Her husband - mentioned above - Иоганн Иеремия Фридерихс b. 1749, Dorpat; he was living in Лассинорм, Авандус, Ревель, Тула of von Toll. Above Евстафий Фридерихс b. 1776, married in 1803 (div. 1807) in London to

Josephine Mercier (Friderichs, Aleksandrova, Weiss) b. 1778 d. 1824; she married second time in 1820 to Aleksandr Gustav Johann Weiss
/ Александр Густав Иоганн фон Вейс - son of Сергей / Андреас Отто Георг фон Вейс b. 1760; her son Константин Рейнхольд фон Вейс b. 1839 d. 1917; her grandson Aleksandr von Weiss / Александр фон Вейс b. 1870.

Her partner Константин Павлович Poманов, 1779 - 1831.

We know about: MERCIER, 1666 in Paris. Mercier, Louis Sébastien, 1740-1814. They come from Levallois-Perret - in the northwestern suburbs of Paris. And from Meurthe et Moselle, and Vosges, Lorraine, France. General Auguste Mercier (1833-1921) married Fanny Isobel Tremayne Simons at Versailles in 1871. His son Evelyn Gabriel Tremayne Mercier, born 1876, was Lieut-Colonel in the infantry.

2. Christian Sigismund Krause was born in about 1763. He was not mentioned in his father's will of 30 January 1765.

3.

JOHANN WILHELM KRAUSE, in Dome Hill [Estonia], was architect Johann Wilhelm Krause b. 1757 Alam-Sileesia / Lower Silesia and died in 1828, Tartu; lived in Dresden, and Estonia. June 6, 1925 from 'Latvijas Vestnesis' / 'Latvian Herald', on actress Irma Emma Krauze from Liepaja. Johann Wilhelm Krause b. 1757 in Lower Silesia - died 1828 Tartu, Krause had studied a little of theology, drawing and architecture. Krause had been a technician in the army of Prussia, and he came to Livonia as a home teacher in 1784 of Riga, worked as an architect in Aluksne and Kizbele, Tartu thanks to his family relations: he had married the sister of the wife of the future Rector of the University. In January 1806 Krause was elected Professor Ordinary of Economics until his death in 1828.

4. Now in Riga, Latvia:

tel. 67671523, Krause Ieva, str Ozolciema 12/1. Erich Krause owner of 'Erich Krause Finland Oy' (Latvian Branch), Riga, Ziemelu 4. Krauze I., an adviser, Terbatas 14, Riga. The proposed mayoral candidate from the Union of Greens and Farmers is Armands Krauze from Riga, he also holds a Masters degree in agriculture. Krauze is a long-term Chairman of the Latvian Beekeepers association, was deputy Chairman of the Agricultural Organizations Cooperation Council, work at the Finance Ministry, Agriculture Ministry, Latvian parliament and Brussels.

5.
Dita Krauze - Assistant to the Chairman at Eligo International, Production Assistant at Tristana Media. Education - Latvian Academy of Culture, Riga State Gymnasium No. 1, born ca 1984. Otto Krause of Buenos Aires, Argentina; the engineer Otto Krause, son of German immigrants, the school was founded in 1897 and is the oldest technological school in the country.
Justina Helena Krause nee Topp 1794 - 1853, nick-name Christina Helena, birthplace: Pärnu / Pernau; her mother Anna Helena Nolte / Topp / Mollin from Testamaa / Tostamaa, her sons: Magnus Wilhelm Krause 1826 - 1892 and Friedrich August Krause 1821 - d.?, her daughters 1822 Dorothea Elisabeth Knoch and Carharina Helena Hanson. Marriage of Justina Helena to Johann Friedrich Krause.
Maria Ernestine Krause nee Ellmann born 1907 - d.? from Kaelase, Pärnu-Jaagupi - Pärnu-Jaagupi is a borough in Pärnu County, Estonia, the administrative centre of Halinga Parish, ca 28 km north of Parnu - her father Jüri Ellmann, her husband Johannes Krause, her son Endel Krause 1929 - 1992.

Riina vel Irina Tomson nee Krause b. 1851 - d.?, her father Mihkel Krause.
Mardi Jurri 1799 - d.? from Halinga, married to Liso voi Rina 1827 and birth of Irina / Root m. Krause. Daughter?

6.
The von Krause family now in Estonia: Vaike-Kamari in Jogeva, 1794 in Pärnu / Pernau, 1907 in Kaelase, Pärnu-Jaagupi in Pärnu County, Testamaa / Tostamaa, Kulla in Parnu, str Parna No 5a in Parnu, and also in Tallinn, Narva and Tartu.
Marriages of Krauze: Graubner, Karl Alexander b. 1859 m. Berggrun, Freiderike Marie b. 1864 in Parnu. Vorhauer m. to Eisleben, Catharina Augustina b. 1802 in Wenden, Livland, Latvia, lived in Naukšeni / NAUKSCHEN, and her daughter Vorhauer, Wilhelmine m. Krause, Alexander (father: Vorhauer, mother: Eisleben, Catharina Augustina) and children: Krause, Elli and Krause, Arved. Above locality Naukšeni is close to Rujiena and north Latvia near by Estonia border. Krause Theodor 1848 m. Christine Daugschat 1843. The Baltic German family von Krause: "They were near the town of Valmiera / Valmiery. They also have been associated with the current Kaliningrad region, with the current Yasnaya Polyana. There was a connection with von Reither: Nina von Reither the wife of Yuri Arturovich von Krause, once with De Klerk - Daniel De Klerk was married to someone from Rieter, as well as the princes Telegino. Arthur von Krause was a lawyer in Riga in the 19th century. and he had a brother Robert".

The Estonian - Belarusian branch of the Troubetzkoy family (Трубецкой и Эстония):

Nicholas Nikitich Trubeckoj  b. 1744 and d. 1821 - his son Prince Petr Nikolaevich b. 1773 and d. 1801 (his mother Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Czerkasskaja / Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Tcherkassky).

Gregory / Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Petrovich Trubecki who - settled before 1832 in the Kingdom of Poland - was born in 1802 after death of his father, and died in 1879 or 11 January 1874 

-
his brother Prince Jurij Petrovich Trubeckoj / Yuri Troubetzkoy was born 1796, died 1859 (married to Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky / Czajkowski daughter of Mikolaj Czajkowski).
His sister Anna nee Trubecki / Trubetsky / Anna Kozhoukhova born 23 December 1793 died 29 March 1827 (married to Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov / Aleksander Kozuchow or Kozuchowski son of Stefan Kozuchow or Kozuchowski).
Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Trubetsky / Gregori Trubiacki / Grzegorz Trubecki was a Prince of the Troubetzkoy family. He married M. Kalinowska

(Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow)

and they lived before 1840 in St. Petersburg.
Grigory / Grzegorz Trubecki was the son of Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy / Prince Petr Nikolaevich Troubetskoy born 18 November 1773 and died 16 November 1801 and Nadezhda Ivanovna Pestov / nee Pestova born 1793.

Next generation:
Prince Nestor Grigorievich Troubetzkoy / Nester / Nestor Grigoriewicz Trubecki, a landowner and revolutionary, international journalist and from 1901 "correspondent of Freiheit, Neues Leben, Der Anarchist, Der Freie Arbeiter, Wolny Swiat, Der Generalstreik, Der Weckruf, member of Jan Machajski’s squad
(Acc. to Marcel Duchamp:
"The anarchist period in Nestor Trubecki's life is just a compilation of Max and Siegfried Nacht biographies... there is no any book about I Proletariat, where the name Trubecki / Trubeckoy is mentioned...".
Max Nomad is the pseudonym of Austrian author and educator Max or Maximilian Nacht. Born in 1881, into a wealthy Jewish family from Buczacz, eastern Galicia, Poland. He lived in Austria. His older brother Siegfried Shlomo Nacht was born in Vienna in 1878 and died in 1956, with Senna Hoy in Zürich from 1903 to 1907 edited five volumes of the militant journal Der Weckruf / The Alarm. Siegfried, later Stephen, Nacht emigrated to the United States of America at the end of 1912, Max followed in 1913.
Max Nacht from 1902 on contributed widely to anarchist periodicals, e.g. 'Neues Leben', 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; fled arrest in August 1904 and went to Zurich, where he became an editor of 'Der Weckruf'. He become a member of Jan Machajski's group in Geneva; active in the Polish-Russian underground 1908-1909; went to the USA in 1913, where he changed his name into Max Nomad.
Shlomo Nacht was delegate for Eastern Galicia to the International Socialist Congress in Paris 1900; went to Spain in 1903; in Amsterdam in 1904; active in Bohemia where he edited 'Der Generalstreik'; 1906 expelled from Switzerland, lived in several European countries; emigrated to the USA in 1912.
See: http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/n/ARCH00915.php
Johannes Holzmann / Senna Hoy, according to Walter Fähnders, a professor for German literature, he wrote a short text and published in 'Der Kampf' that was a depiction of a homosexual encounter; deported to Zurich, he worked for a newspaper 'Der Weckruf' / 'The Wake-up Call'; he decided to leave Zurich, after in Paris, and Russia where he joined an anarchist federation in Poland for several weeks, robbing rich merchants but in June 1907 he was caught and sentenced to fifteen years of hard labor; in 1913 he was in an insane asylum near Moscow and died in 1914.
Errico Malatesta born 1853 in Capua, went to Geneva, where he collaborated with Machajski and Kropotkin to 1881.
Jan Strozecki vel Janek Galecki b. 1869, from 1877 to 1887 in Kielce he was friend with Stefan Zeromski and Jan Machajski.
Details on Machajski: 1891 was leaving Warsaw to Cracow, but is arrested, expelled from Austria, he went to Zurich, in June 1892 arrested again on the border of Russia and exiled to Yakutia in Siberia, Machajski in 1903 from Irkutsk came to Geneva with
Sycia Rosa Lewin vel Wiera Machajska,
in 1905 he moved to St. Petersburg, in 1907 he fled to Galicia in Austria and from here he moved to Switzerland.
And short about above Kropotkin:
Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of Orthopedic Clinics, populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. the 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin, he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison, it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years, he died in prison at Kara, his wife Wiktoria nee Konstantynowicz / Victoria Konstantinovich daughter of John / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantinovich - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899/1900)
in Geneva", who was born and died in Poland, b. in 1832 (?) in Free City of Cracow or in 1840 (!) - died in 1907 Warsaw
.

Above named Nestor Troubecki vel Nester Kalinowski in 1857 went to Vienna, in 1859 returned to Krakow, promote the Ruthenian Catholic Church, the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church and Ruthenian language; 1863 the outbreak of January Uprising and he was involved in the secret 'Prowincjonalny Litewski Komitet' in Vilnius / Wilno; Trubecki was a member of the 'Miedzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat' and a contributor of the 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; 1905 went to Warsaw in the Congress Poland and next fled arrest in April 1906 and went to Zürich and Geneva; "...lived in several European countries and returned to Congress Poland; active in the Polish-Belarusian underground resistance until his death in 1907".

Nestor Trubecki was a member of the 'International Social-Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat' - the first Polish labor party based on the assumptions of Marxism. The party was founded in 1882 in Warsaw (L. Warynski, Stanislav Kunicki, Maria Bohuszewicz, Marian Stefan Ulrych, Edmund Ploski, Tadeusz Rechniewski, Henryk Duleby, Alexandra Jentys, S. Kunicki, Alexander Debski, Kazimierz Puchewicz, Bronislaw Slawinski, Felix Kon, Strzeminski, Felsenhardt Rosalie, Joseph Razumiejczyk, Julia Razumiejczyk, Vincent Buksznis, Michael Zynda, Wladyslaw Wislocki, Theophilus Bronikowski) and the group was arrested in July 1886. Next in February 1888 until March 1893, Nestor Trubecki was a member of the 'Polish Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat' / the 'Second proletariat' (Ludwik Kulczycki, Marcin Kasprzak, Adam Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Anielewski, Napoleon Zelcer, Stanislaw Kassjusz, Stanislaw Mendelson, Maria Jankowska-Mendelson, Alexander Debski); in 1893 other members of the Proletariat II entered among others things the Polish Socialist Party of Jozef Pilsudski.

Mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski:

countess Maria Kalinowska.
Probably she was born after 1805 - ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski. The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below: mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Czeliszczew; father Josif / Jozef / Osip Kalinowski b. after 1780 ? and died 1825. Grandfather Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759 and grandmother Elzbieta Bielska from Olbrachcice b. ca 1760.

The Kalinowski family in 1818 under the Austrian Empire acc. to Okolovich taken the count title with the Kalinowa coat of arms, given on 17 August 1818 by Franciszek I / Francis emperor of Austria. The first with this title was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski from the Volhynia and Ukraine branch of the Kalinowski / Kalinovsky family. Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:
Josef / Osip Kalinowski general of Polish Army, b. ca after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790, Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 and Justyna Kalinowska m. Russocka b. 1790 d. 1876. Above Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831 had son Władyslaw Kalinowski
(Józef Kalinowski b. 01 Sept. 1835 in Vilnius / Wilno, his father Andrzej Kalinowski b. 10 Dec. 1805 or January 10, 1805 in Grodno and died in Hrozow 1878 (Trokiele), the Wilno Uniw.; his grandfather Jerzy Kalinowski b. ca 1780 or 1773 by wife Dorota Kulakowska - Kosciesza / Rosciesza; great-grandfather Krzysztof Kalinowski - b. ca 1750.
See also: http://elonka.com/family/saint/genealogy.html by Elonka Dunin: elonka@aol.com from St. Louis, Missouri, USA and http://www.sejm-wielki.pl/b/sw.65063
).
Ancestors: Ignacy Kalinowski from Wielka Kamionka born ca 1720 died 1782 and Justyna Borzecka born (ca 1710 is error date) ca 1735. Kamionka Wielka is situated in south east Poland.

Above named count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759; his father Ignacy Kalinowski ca 1720 died 1782 and his mother Justyna nee Borzecka ca 1735 (1710 it's error) - Justyna was daughter of Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) and Ludwika Marianna Pociej (ca 1715), and married ca 1765 to Ignacy Kalinowski, she died after 1780?. The father of above Ludwika Marianna Pociej - Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.
A brother of above Justyna nee Borzecka: Aleksander Maciej Borzecki in 1773 made agreement with Ignacy Kalinowski on a will and testament of Emerencjanna Warszycki who was married first to Pociej, and she was great-grandmother of Ignacy Kalinowski, acc. to: http://www.redbor.pl/.
Above Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army, his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.
Jozef / Osip Kalinowski's (was born ca 1780) brothers and sisters: Justyna Kalinowska b. 1790 married to Jozef Tomasz Russocki, and Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784 d. 1831.
Grandfather of Olga, Jozefina and Seweryna:
Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.
Grandson of Seweryna nee Kalinowska: Mikolaj Plautin / Николай Сергеевич Плаутин b. 1868 and married to Maria Michajlowna Rajewska 1872 - 30 December 1942; her mother:
Marija Grigorievna nee Gagarin - her sister Anastazja Grigorievna nee Gagarin b. 1853 died 1876 married to Piotr Michajlovich Orlov Denisov born 1852 who was son of Michail Vasilievich Orlov Denisov born 1823, who was brother of Nadiezda married Katenin. Grandfather of above Marija nee Rajewskaja: Mikolaj Mikolajevich Rajevskij Younger from the Kiev government, Moscow and St Petersburg b. 14 September 1801; and the second grandfather of above Maria nee Rajewska: Grigorij Grigorievich Gagarin b. 1810 d. 1893.

Children of count Jozef Kalinowski:

Seweryna
b. 1814 d. 1852, Jozefina married Oginska, born 1816 and died 1844 and also Olga born 1822 died 7 April 1899 in Retow

(Bohdan Michal Oginski duke b. 1848, married on 28 Apr. 1877 to Gabriela Maria Potulicki in Cracow, died on 25 March 1909 in Retow in the Rosienie district in Lithuania now / Zmudz, owner of Retow and Zalesie that is Retowo or Rietavas, 25 km from Plungian; 1775 to Ksawery Oginski. In 1863 here died Ireneusz Oginski and in 1892 the first telephones in Lithuania).

From Mickuny / Mickūnai of the Becu family and the Pilar Pilchau property (near by Terlecki, Ozieblowski, Januszewski, Dzierzynski and Pilsudski families), to Zalesie / Zalesse / Залесье of the Oginski family - close to Smorgon / Smargon / Smorgonie - is ca 60 km to south-east.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century the property Mickuny belonged to August Becu (1771-1824) - Professor of Medicine at the Imperial University of Vilnius (he was in Scotland 1803 - 1804), the second husband of the Salome / Salomea Slowacki, the mother of the famous poet Juliusz Slowacki (he was next in Switzerland in the years 1834-1835). Probably about 1815 Mickuny / Mickūnai became the property of Alexander Pillar von Pilchau / Pilar Pilchau, then judge of the district of Vilnius. Alexander Pillar, in Mickuny in 1826 built a new chapel. In the mid-nineteenth century Mickuny / Mickunai belonged to Stanislaw Pillar, the son of Alexander. 1923 owner of Mickuny - next Alexander Pillar. But his brother, Roman Pillar (1895-1937) before World War I, began to study law at the University of St. Petersburg, where he was soon involved with the Bolsheviks activity of Felix Dzierżyński.

Probably M. Kalinowska (Maria) married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki was sister of above Seweryna, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course!

 Above countess Olga / Ольга Осиповна Калиновская born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński  b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus in 1844 and her son: Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander IItsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki. Above Ireneusz Oginski, duke, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.

Bogdan Ogiński died on 25. 03. 1909.


Sister of Olga:
Jozefina Kalinowska born 1816,  was also married to duke Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński who was born 1808.
And Северина Иосифовна Калиновская / Seweryna Kalinowski b. 1814 d. 1852 was married to Mikolaj Plautyn
/ Плаутин b. 1794 or 1796 d. 24 December 1866, son of Fiodor Sergiejewicz Plautyn / Plautin died 1807? Nikolai Fedorovich Plautin was an outstanding military leader and statesman of the Russian Empire, General of Cavalry 1856, Adjutant General 1849, a member of the State Council in 1862.

Above
Emilia Potocka married first to Kalinowski and second time to Czeliszczew, was born 1790 and her parents: Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 and mother Marianna Lubomirska (Zubow, Potocki, Uwarow) born 1773 or Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810.

The Chelishchev family (Czeliszczew / Tchelischev):
Ольга Васильевна Константинович / Olga Vasilievna Konstantinovich was living in Pskov, str Kalinin, No 15/11, Apt. 1. Olga Chelishchev - Konstantinovich / Olga Tchelischev daughter of Vasilij Chelishchev and she was married to Lew Konstantynowicz - b. ca 1865 / 1875. Olga b. ca 1875, her son Lew Lwowicz Konstantynowicz born 1900. Above named Vasilij Chelishchev was born ca 1840 / 1850.
And mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski: countess Maria Kalinowska.
Probably she was born (after 1805) ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski.
The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below: mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Chelishchev / Czeliszczew. According to statements the Church of the Holy Trinity was built in 1740 by Major Joann Chelishchev / Ivan Sergeyevich Chelischev at his own expense. In 1840, the Holy Trinity Church (Novo-Troitsk) was assigned to a Church which is 4 miles away in Piesna. A detailed description of the temple, published in the 'Pskov diocese statements' for 1896.
About von Rebinder / Rehbinder / Ребиндер family from Estonia:
In Estonia in 1820, Count Carl Friedrich von Rebinder / Rehbinder / Ребиндер in the garden of his estate on the banks of the river Saku opened small brewery; since that time, local brewers use spring water, the best in Estonia and in the Baltic countries. Gustav Kustas Steinberg b. on March 2, 1850 (Bedrich Urban's next of kin) in Üksnurme - Üksnurme is a village in Saku Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, close to Tallinn, Üksnurme is 2 km south - west from Saku; Saku / Саку in Эстляндия, is 12 km south of Nomme, and 16 km from Tallinn. Saku is a small borough in Harju County, Estonia.

Note on Saku, Uksnurme and landlords of this estates.
Üksnurme, in German Uxnorm, was founded in 1630. Heinrich Hastfer was owner. In 1795 it manor was acquired by Karl von Gernet. In 1846 - Julius von Ramm, in 1853 Dietrich von der Pahlen possession. A main building was erected in 1860. In 1882 this estate passed to the neighboring estate owners from Saku.
Major Karl Gustav von Gernet was died on 31.12.1812 and was living here and also Gustav Georg von Gernet / Georg Gustav von Gernet adjoined a land called Musa (mõis = manor, поместье) to Üksnurme
(b. on April 13, 1780; d. on October 10, 1846 in Reval; his children: Karl August von Gernet and Ernst Julius von Gernet; his brothers: Wilhelm Adolf von Gernet, Karl Johann von Gernet, Alexander August von Gernet and sister - Helena von Gernet b. and d. 1779; his father - Karl Gustav von Gernet or Carl Gustav von Gernet b. on December 28, 1747 in Waikna / Vaikna and died on December 31, 1812 in Lehhola / Lehola has wife Louise Christine von Rehbinder / Luise Christine von Rehbinder b. circa 1764 and d. on March 24, 1827 in Narwa / Narva; she has four husbands: Wilhelm Droßmann, Otto von Rehbinder, Georg Gustav von Ditmar and Carl Gustav von Gernet; her father - Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, b. circa 1706 and d. on June 17, 1775 in Arensburg / Kuressaare in Saaremaa and her grand-father acc. to Reet Laherand: Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder b. ? died ca. 1745 and her grand-mother Anna Elisabeth nee von Poorten, d. 1720).
Karl Friedrich Rehbinder sells the Saku estate belonging to the Musa farm for hands of Karl von Gernetile, a price 3,000 silver rubles
(Count Karl Friedrich von Rehbinder b. November 10, 1764 in Saue and died on November 18, 1841 in Saue, was a Baltic German origin, Saku, Saue, Rahula and Jälgimäe landlord. He founded his own beer Saku house, which was Saku Brewery. His father Otto Magnus von Rehbinder (1727 to 1792) and grand-father Gustav Magnus von Rehbinder (1673 - 1734); his father belonged Udriku, Imastu, Polli,
Saku, Liigvalla estates. Count Rehbinder married in 1786 to Countess van Nassau-La Lecq; marital born: Count Otto Albrecht Friedrich von Rehbinder on December 14, 1786 in Tallinn and died on 25 January 1813 in Jälgimäe - Jälgimäe, he was Saue and Rahula landlord; second child Count Paul Eduard von Rehbinder 1794 Saue - 1870 Tallinn - Saku, Saue and Riidaku landlord; third Count Gustav Konstantin von Rehbinder on 1795 Saue d. 12 December 1822 Jälgimäe, the landlord of Jälgimäe; Count Carl August von Rehbinder Jacob 1797 - 1799; Countess Karoline Luise von Rehbinder b. 1802 in Saue and m. to Count Carl Theodor von Manteuffeleliga.
Above named Saue is a town in north-western Estonia in Harju County, to Tallinn 18 km, Keila 7 km, Saku 7 km; above named Riidaku, east of Haapsalu in Raikküla Parish - south-west-south of Tallinn; above Udriku and Imastu are close to Rakvere and Liigvalla near by Rakvere; Polli - 23 km south of Viljandi).

Assessor Johann Georg von Hastfer pledges the Üksnurme estate for 35,000 silver rubles to Karl Gottlieb von Gernetile; on 14 April 1808 was signed an agreement. The main building has survived to this day.

Karl Wilhelm von Rehbinder (b. ? - died ca 1745), his sons:
Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder, Magnus Gustav von Rehbinder, Friedrich von Rehbinder, Karl Mathias von Rehbinder, Gustav Johann von Rehbinder and Berend Wilhelm von Rehbinder. His daughter - Barbara Helene von Gernet - died January 14, 1803 in Lehhola / Lehola, Harjumaa, Estonia. Her son Carl Gustav von Gernet 1747 - 1812. Above Woldemar Heinrich von Rehbinder b. ca 1706 - 1775.
Alexander Rehbinder or Rebinder b. 1826 d. 1913, his children: Nikolai Rehbinder or Rebinder b. 1863 d. March 22, 1918, Alexey Rebinder b. 1865 d. 1932, Alexander Rebinder b. 1869 and d. on March 22, 1918 and next Maria Rebinder Mansurov b. 1874.

Mikhail P. Rehbinder, he studied at the St. Petersburg School of Jurisprudence and worked at the Law Faculty of the University; he lived in an estate Lyadno in the Novgorod province; he was trying to create together with peasants agricultural co-operative in his estate in the Novgorod province; he left his family and went to the USA in 1909; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz / Константинович, daughter of Ivan / Jan Konstantynowicz; her son Alexander died d. 1906. 

Weimar Orest E., b. 1845 died 1885, prominent physician in St. Petersburg, the owner of orthopedic clinics; populist, organized the escape of Kropotkin from prison in 1876 acc. to 'Notes of a revolutionary' by Kropotkin; he was arrested in 1879 and sentenced to 15 years in prison; it was the Russian-Turkish war period and this prison shortened to 10 years; he died in prison at Kara; his wife Victoria Konstantynowicz daughter of Jan / Ivan Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz - she was b. 1846 and died in 1899 / 1900. 



Acc. to: 'Tales from the Family Tree - The Tale of the Italian-blooded Russian Prince' by Iwo Załuski:
Prince Ireneusz Ogiński was born in

Zalesie, half way between Vilnius and Minsk, near the town of Smorgon.

Text below is under copyright by http://www.oginskidynasty.com/ and 'Tales from the Family Free - Countess Nagurska and the Imperial Assassin', by Iwo Załuski at www.oginskidynasty.com/Tales5 and for further information contact to Iwo Załuski email załuskiresearches@ogińskidynasty.com. To learn more about these stories in their true historical context, read Iwo Załuski's 'The Ogiński Gene: The History of a Musical Dynasty'.

"...Countess Maria Nagurska ... was born as Maria Neri in Venice in 1777, the daughter of a local innkeeper of Florentine extraction, who claimed descent from the musician Philip Neri. Early in 1796 Maria watched with interest as her native city filled up with refugees from the Warsaw of the Final Partitions of Poland ... veterans of the campaigns against the invading forces of King Frederick of Prussia and Empress Catherine of Russia... These young veterans included the already legendary piano-playing warrior Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński, who had until only recently, under Stanislaw Kosciuszko, been leading his commando units in Northern Lithuania against the Russians. ... Among Oginski Michał Kleofas' fellow veterans were Count Kajetan Nagurski, and Tadeusz Wysogierd. They were close friends and did everything together, including romancing the local girls... nineteen-year-old Maria Neri, ... Tadeusz Wysogierd ... took off with her to Florence. Kajetan, not to be outdone, chased the fugitive couple to the Tuscan capital, and after a showdown, won her from the much more dashing and handsome Tadeusz... Michał Kleofas Ogiński would almost certainly have known her, although no actual meeting has been documented. In 1796 Catherine of Russia died, and was succeeded by her son, Paul. Under the new Tsar life was beginning to return to some semblance of normality in the former Polish Commonwealth, and many refugees were accepting amnesties already offered by Catherine, and returning to whatever might pass for a new homeland in the former Polish and Lithuanian territories. Kajetan Nagurski joined this re-immigration. ... he took Maria back with him to Warsaw, now the Prussian city of Warschau, where he installed her with a governess-cum-companion and various tutors to educate ... and thus render her acceptable in high society. Meanwhile he himself returned to Russian Lithuania, to reclaim and sort out his estate. Diarist and writer Stanislaw Morawski, in his autobiography 'My Years of Youth in Vilnius', described how Kajetan, unable then to get a passport allowing him back into Prussia, and thus to Warsaw, asked Morawski's father, Apolinary, to visit Maria and see how she was getting on: 'My father promised, went and met the young lady. On entering he naturally expected to see a tavern wench. Imagine his unexpected surprise when he saw before him a lady of rare beauty, completely at ease with drawing room etiquette, speaking perfect French, Italian without the Venetian accent, writing fluently and without significant spelling mistakes, in a word, a completely finished lady showing not the slightest hint of a tavern upbringing'. Apolinary Morawski was, like so many others before him, smitten by Maria, and, despite the age gap, it was only a matter of time before they became lovers behind Kajetan's back. Their affair was discovered and broken up by the infuriated Kajetan himself. He subsequently had her brought to his estate in Lithuania, where he married her. However, Kajetan's health, which had never been good, deteriorated further, and he developed jaundice. He virtually took to his bed, so Maria began to be seen in the company of the dashing young Count Ludwik Pac, whose father, Count Michal Pac, owned Jezno, one of the finest palaces in Lithuania. The affair came to an end when Kajetan (Count Kajetan Nagurski) decided to go to Vienna, where he hoped to find a cure for his jaundice, and take Maria with him. Ultimately, he failed to find a cure, and died there soon afterwards. His widow, now an independent lady of some considerable means, returned to Vilnius, and life in that city's highest social echelons. In 1801, Countess Maria Nagurska's life changed direction after she caught the attention of General Bennigsen. General Count Levin August von Bennigsen was born in Brunswick in 1745. His military career began in the Hanoverian army, but in 1764 he ... brought to Russia by Catherine the Great. ... He became friendly with the young Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Paul. ... Bennigsen, if Stanislaw Morawski's documentation is to be believed, was the man who actually did the deed by personally strangling the Tsar to death in his bed. ... promoted Bennigsen to the position of Governor of Vilnius. On his city's social circuit he met the beautiful Countess Nagurska, for whom he developed an instant infatuation. Meanwhile, the accession of the new Tsar had a direct effect on the fortunes of Michał Kleofas Ogiński. At this time he was living with his wife Izabela and two infant sons, Tadeusz and Xavier ... - not very happily ever after, as it happened – at his wife's family's estate at Brzeziny, to the south west (see Otrebusy) of Warsaw. He had spent five penniless and peripatetic years trying to restore the Polish state by diplomatic means. He now dreamed of just returning home to get his life and estates, now in Russian territory, back. Catherine had offered him an olive branch, which he knew to be a trap, and rejected: he had been sentenced to death in his absence for his part in Kosciuszko's campaigns against her forces, and she did not forgive and forget readily. Her son, Tsar Paul, did not trust him, and refused him permission to return. The new Tsar Alexander, however, not only forgave him, but also praised him for being true to his convictions in fighting for his homeland, and offered him an unconditional amnesty. Michał Kleofas Oginski, whose marriage to Izabela had just ended in inevitable divorce, had nothing to lose, and perhaps something to gain by returning home, so he accepted the amnesty, and returned to Lithuania. He initially found somewhere to live in Vilnius... he again came across Maria Nagurska, whom he still remembered as Maria Neri, nineteen-year-old daughter of a Venetian innkeeper. Now he found a beautiful, 25-year-old socialite ... and the mistress of Governor Bennigsen... She had given him a key to the back door of her house, and a specified time and day on which she would receive him. ... Like Bennigsen, Michał Kleofas had fallen head over heels in love with Maria Nagurska; the feeling was reciprocated, and their passionate affair continued unabated until it was discovered that she was pregnant. Michał Kleofas proposed, Maria accepted, and they were married sometime during 1804, and settled at his estate at Zalesie ... close to the town of Smorgon, half way between Vilnius and Minsk. By this time Michał Kleofas had been appointed senator at the Court of the Petersburg, and was put in charge of Education in Russia's newly acquired lands. The new Princess Maria Oginska took to her new role as Lady of the Manor perfectly. The Manor had been built for comfort rather than as a luxurious residence, but Maria loved it. 'Zalesie is a delightful spot for us', she wrote to her sister, Countess Cuchina Scotti, in Florence. ... The idyll, however, was short-lived. Stanislaw Morawski, describing the open nature of Michał Kleofas Ogiński's second marriage, wrote that there was no man of consequence, no young Russian general, perhaps even no broad-shouldered valet who was not her lover. Added to these were actors, singers, and ordinary soldiers. ... Morawski continues to throw some light on the ancestry of their four children: 'Apart from Zaluska (Amelia, born on December 10, 1803, who later became Countess Zaluska) conceived with Ogiński, every one of his daughters (Emma and Ida, born in 1805 and 1813 respectively) had a different father. Her son (Ireneusz, born in 1807) was conceived of the singer Paliani'. Italian Giuseppe Paliani was music tutor to the Ogiński girls...".

Countess Cuchina Scotti, in Florence - by Zaluski - "...She (Maria Neri) then sent for her younger sister Cuchina (Concha? - probably a nickname - her Christian name is not on record) to give her a better life in Lithuanian society, and as a companion for herself. Cuchina complied, and promptly became pregnant by Nicholas Morawski, Maria's former lover's younger brother, and uncle of the writer. So Maria sent Cuchina back to Florence, and arranged for her to marry Count Scotti – in the end a satisfactory arrangement all round. The child was born in happy circumstances a legitimate Scotti...".

Details at margin:
Hotel Scoti (Scotti, Scotto) is a unique pensione in the heart of the historical centre of Florence (Firenze, Italia). Located in an elegant 16th century palazzo in Via Tornabuoni.
A surprising similarity or maybe this is not just a coincidence?

Capua:
1. Errico Malatesta born 1853 in Capua, went to Geneva, where he collaborated with Machajski and Kropotkin to 1881. Jan Strozecki vel Janek Galecki b. 1869, from 1877 to 1887 in Kielce he was friend with Stefan Zeromski and Jan Machajski in Switzerland.
2.
The Duca di San Teodoro / Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke, b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua!
3.
MARIANO, Raffaele / Raphael Mariano / Mariano Mariani, b. in Capua, 1840. The first wife (m. ca 1866?) of above Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano was Charlotte Julie Pilar Pilchau / Charlotte Julie Cäcilie Pilar von Pilchau born on January 9, 1847 in Audern; she was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. Pauline Julie Elisabeth Pilar von Pilchau b. 1855 in Audern, daughter of Fredrik Adolf Woldemar Pilar von Pilchau, from Audern and Berta Johanna Carolina Pilar von Pilchau; she was second wife of Rafael Mariano / Raffaele Mariano. She also was sister of Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau. This is the branch of Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau and Catharina Helena von Tausas. The same branch: Georg Ludwig / Egor Maksimovich Pilar von Pilchau 1767 - 1830 / Yegor Maksimovic Pillar, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen., from the family of a professional military, his father was retired major of the Polish army - Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau 1734 - 1801. Georg Ludwig (Egor Maksimovich) Pilar von Pilchau b. in Kirna, Türi vald, Järvamaa; but his father Magnus Wilhelm Pilar von Pilchau b. 1734 and died on November 25, 1801 in Jöggis (Jogisuu). He was son of Georg Johann Baron Pilar von Pilchau and Anna Sophia.

From the other hands:

William Lock / Locke, William, the younger (1767-1847), amateur artist, friend of Henry Fuseli; Locke painted historical and allegorical subjects, after 1819 he lived at Rome and Paris (see: Luke Schaub from Neuchatel and Basel - In 1715 he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, finally the Polish Embassy; Paszkowski family in Cracow, Moscow, Rome and Paris also!); leaving one son, William 3rd, and a daughter Elizabeth. Locke, William, the third (1804-1832), captain and amateur artist, published some illustrations to Byron's works. He was drowned in the lake of Como, Italy;

married Selina [b. after 1800?], daughter of Admiral Tollemache, that is Admiral of the Fleet John Richard Delap Halliday / John Halliday - 1821 the surname and arms of Tollemache

[copyright by geni.com: John Richard Delap Halliday Tollemache, b. 1772 in Helmingham, Suffolk; d. 1837 in London; husband of Lady Elizabeth Best, father of Charlotte Hope; John 1st Baron Tollemache; Marcia, Elizabeth Jane Henrietta, Selina Tollemache, Emily, Wilbraham Spencer and others; brother of Francis Tollemache; William Augustus Delap, and others; inf. by Michael Lawrence Rhodes, and Susan Mary Rayner / Green / RYAN. Baron Tollemache, of Helmingham Hall near Ipswich in the County of Suffolk; from 1876 for John Tollemache / John Jervis Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache b. 1805 – d. 1890; He was the son of Admiral of the Fleet John Richard Delap Halliday / John Halliday (1821 the surname and arms of Tollemache), eldest son of Lady Jane Halliday. Lord Tollemache married Georgina Louisa Best, daughter of Thomas Best, in 1826; they had five children together. After her death in 1846, he married Eliza Georgiana Duff, daughter of Sir James Duff, in 1850; they had nine children together];

he had daughter, Augusta Selina Locke b. 1833, married ca 1852?:

a. Ernest Lord Burghersh,

b. the Duca di San Teodoro / Luigi Caracciolo, Duca di Sant'Arpino and San Teodoro m. 1854, diss. 1876 to Augusta Selina Elizabeth Locke b. 6 June 1833 in Milano, died 1906 at Eaton Square. Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the di Caserta in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! Sant'Arpino ca 15 km south of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, and 12 km south of Portico di Caserta. The de Luna family come from Don Giovanni Sanchez de Luna b. 1642, III Marquis of Gagliati / Gagliato, 1798, the Sanchez de Luna obtained the title of Duke on the surname. CARACCIOLO Louis / CARACCIOLO Luigi, b. 1826 in Napoli, d. 1889 in MILAN. His father: Carlo Luigi and mother: Teresa SANCHEZ DE LUNA. It is hereditary noble family. Noble titles Duca di San Teodoro, di Sant’Arpino, di Casal di Principe, di Parete, Marquis / marchese di Capriglia, of Villamaina; the Neapolitan citizen;

m. LOCK Augusta Selima;

children:

1. Teresa, married firstly Marcantonio Colonna, and

married sec. to Rodolfo Lancrani / Lanciani

(Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani b. 1845, d. 1929, was an Italian archaeologist, was born in Rome or in Montecelio, now Guidonia Montecelio; acted together with British art historians as Austen Henry Layard and John Murray; was married twice, first to an American woman and then to the British widow of Prince Colonna),

2. and Amalia.

c. Thomas de Grey, the present Lord Walsingham / Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham b. 1843 in Stanhope Street, Mayfair, London, d. 1919, was an English politician.

Douglas and Douglas Scotti family, from origins to the Middle Ages. A truly comprehensive description of the Scotti family and Dougla Scotti bibliography is found in the book 'The old families of Piacenza and their coats of arms', published in 1979. The Scotti family (SCOTUS) or Douglas or Douglas Scotti is an ancient and noble family of Piacenza, the mayor of Bologna; Ranuccio Douglas Scotti (1597-1659), bishop; Owned by the family was the Castle of Agazzano. Bernardino Scotti was born in Milan on October 6, 1656, the second son of the noble family Scotti, he became a lawyer, speaker of the Sacred College of the Holy See; Gian Giacomo Scotti Gallerati, Count. And also Scotti Chiapponi with the title of Lord of Miceno, Carlo, Fabio (1780). Gallerati Scotti family, from 1731 following the union of the goods and the names of the two families: Gallerati Count Francesco Scotti, Cardinal Giovanni Filippo Scotti Gallerati, Duke Thomas Anselmo Gallarati Scotti, Duke Thomas Gallarati Scotti, Prince Gallerati Giancarlo Scotti. Thomas IV Duke Fulco Gallerati Scotti. The Italian strain, known by the nickname of Scotus, will take over the plural form of Scotti; in Piacenza.
Luigi Scotti Douglas d. 1880, Count of Vigoleno, Regio Rescritto in 1856; his son Alfonso b. in Nola in 1849, d. 1910. Nola, north-east of Napoli, ca 23 km. South-east-east of Aversa, and south-east of Santa Maria Capua Vetere! The Scotti family originates from ALBERTO became Lord of Piacenza; from the Lords of Vigolino or Vigoleno. The branch of Vigolino settled in Naples after 1734, from RAMIZIO married Josephine Poulet in Naples, child Joseph, b. 1776 who married Dorothy Granalais; LOUIS b. 1796 Naples, married Mary Josephine Carlier, with whom he had Ferdinand, Federico and Alfonso; this Luigi / Louis Scotti began his military career as a bodyguard in 1816, after a long military career in 1859 promoted field marshal. Ermanno Stradelli b. 1852, Italian photographer, of Borgo Val di Taro currently in the province of Parma, then in the province of Piacenza. His mother, Marianna Douglas Scotti di Vigoleno, place of residence in Borgotaro / Borgo Val di Taro. Castello di Vigoleno north-east of Genova. Borgo Val di Taro - east of Genova.

At margin:

CARACCIOLO Louis / CARACCIOLO Luigi, b. 1826 in Napoli: landlord of Casal di Principe - 15 km south-west of Santa Maria Capua Vetere; and owner of Sant'Arpino / Sandarpine in the Caserta region in Campania; 14 km north of Napoli, close to Aversa; 18 km south of Capua! Sant'Arpino ca 15 km south of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, and 12 km south of Portico di Caserta. Estates: Casal di Principe - 15 km south-west of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, di Parete - 6 km south-east of above named Casal di Principe and 4 km south-west of Aversa, Capriglia - north-east of Napoli, Villamaina - east of mentioned Capriglia. Gaetano Errico Malatesta Maria Pasquale was born in 1853 in Villa Santa Maria Maggiore, at two miles distance from the castle of Caserta, and ca 4 km south -east of Capua, now part of the town called Santa Maria Capua Vetere, in the province of Caserta. Sant'Arpino ca 15 km south of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, and 12 km south of Portico di Caserta; he was son of Don Federico Malatesta, a landowner and entrepreneur originally from Napoli, and Lazzarina Rastoin, a French lady originally from Marseille.

A surprising similarity of names! Or maybe this is not just a coincidence?

1. "...In Angouleme with the assistance of Messrs. X. Muller and J. Stahl, engineers of the establishment, and partly by M. Duflon, electrical engineer in the measuring room of M. Sciami, director of the Maison Breguet...".

2. "Witold Rutkowski son of Charles Adam and Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky / Kazimierz Dzierzynski son of Edmund Dzierzynski came together to Warsaw during the study. Kazimierz Dzerzhinsky joined the Academy of Veterinary in Dorpat (Tartu, now Estonia). He came therefore to Dzierżynow, and to Warsaw on the Technical School of Wawelberg and Rotwand. He lived in lodgings with Witold Rutkowski, but he was arrested and then he went to Germany, in Frankfurt am Main, then moved to Karlsruhe. Rented apartment with a family of Italian origin - Schiotti. He fell in love with the daughter of the owners Lucy Schiotti and married".

3. Maria Neri - Nagurska - Oginska "sent Cuchina back to Florence, and arranged for her to marry (Conte) Count Scotti (Schiotti) – in the end a satisfactory arrangement all round. The child was born in happy circumstances a legitimate Scotti...".

Details at margin:

Hotel Scoti (Schiotti in Modena, Scotti in Lake Villa, Scotto) is a unique pensione in the heart of the historical centre of Florence (Firenze, Italia). Samples: Giancarlo Schiotti, Vallina, that is Giancarlo Scotti. Schiotti, Donald K. possible aka's Sciotti. Scotti of Santolo Nicola / Santelo Nicola. Alessandro Maria Schiotti from Roma. Scotti or Schiotti - this surnames or name was in the life of the Dzierzynski and Oginski families in the 19th century. At geni.com we read on N. N. Scotti b. 1646 / 1706, son of Fabio Scotti and Alessandra Vittoria Scotti, father of Carlo Scotti; brother of Annibale Deodato Scotti, marchese di Castelbosco - 16 km west of Piacenza, and north-east of Genova / Genoa / Genua. Copyright by George J. Homs on May 21, 2012. Annibale Deodato Scotti b. 1676 and died 1732 in La Granja, Caceres, Extremadura, Spain. Husband of Teodora Chiapponi. Father of Fabio Scotti. Carlo Scotti b. ca 1670/1680?

From Mickuny / Mickūnai (Dzierzynski, Slowacki, Pilsudski, Pilar Pilchau, Januszewski, Becu) to Zalesie / Zalesse / Залесье of the Oginski family - close to Smorgon / Smargon / Smorgonie - is ca 60 km to south-east.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century the property Mickuny belonged to August Becu (1771-1824) - Professor of Medicine at the Imperial University of Vilnius (he was in Scotland 1803 - 1804), the second husband of the Salome / Salomea Slowacki, the mother of the famous poet Juliusz Slowacki (he was next in Switzerland in the years 1834-1835).

Probably about 1815 Mickuny / Mickūnai became the property of Alexander Pillar von Pilchau / Pilar Pilchau, then judge of the district of Vilnius. Alexander Pillar, in Mickuny in 1826 built a new chapel. In the mid-nineteenth century Mickuny / Mickunai belonged to Stanislaw Pillar, the son of Alexander. 1923 owner of Mickuny - next Alexander Pillar. But his brother, Roman Pillar (1895-1937) before World War I, began to study law at the University of St. Petersburg, where he was soon involved with the Bolsheviks activity of Felix Dzierżyński.

The father of above named Prince Ireneusz Ogiński was Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński, with his Italian wife, Princess Maria, nee Neri.

The Ogińskis had three daughters, Amelia, Emma and Ida. Ireneusz, the only boy, was their second child. He was born in 1808. Princess Maria and Michał Kleofas Ogiński, in Venice began to take lovers.
In 1841 Ireneusz was thrown into jail, may well have had something to do with the 'Kalinowska Affair' a few years later.
Sometime around the late 1830s (acc. to me not late 1820s), Ireneusz married Countess Jozefina Kalinowska, whose sister, Countess Olga happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father. In 1848 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. The following year Prince Michał was born under perfectly normal circumstances to Ireneusz and Olga. Prince Ireneusz Ogiński died in 1863
In Vilnius, the capital of Russian Lithuania, was living Countess Maria Nagurska.
She was born Maria Neri in Venice in 1777. Early in 1796 Maria watched young veterans included the already legendary piano-playing warrior Prince Michał Kleofas Ogiński, who - under Tadeusz Kosciuszko - leading his units in Northern Lithuania against the Russians.

Among Michał Kleofas’ Oginski fellow veterans were Count Kajetan Nagurski, and Tadeusz Wysogierd. They were close friends with Maria Neri but Kajetan Nagurski took Maria back with him to Warsaw, now the Prussian city of Warschau, where  Apolinary Morawski became lover behind Kajetan’s back, but Maria began to be seen in the company of  Count Ludwik Pac, whose father, Count Michal Pac, owned Jezno, one of the finest palaces in Lithuania.

Maria Neri returned to Vilnius, and after 
to Florence.

In 1801, Countess Maria Nagurska caught the attention of General Bennigsen. General Count Levin August von Bennigsen was born in Brunswick in 1745, but was promoted to the position of Governor of Vilnius and he met Countess Nagurska.

Meanwhile, Michał Kleofas Ogiński  was living with his wife Izabela and two sons, Tadeusz and Xavier at his wife’s family’s estate at Brzeziny, to the south west of Warsaw. The new Tsar Alexander, offered him an unconditional amnesty and  Michał Kleofas, whose marriage to Izabela had just ended in divorce, accepted the amnesty, and returned to Lithuania to live in Vilnius, where, he again came across Maria Nagurska / Maria Neri, the mistress of Governor Bennigsen.

Michał Kleofas Oginski married her in 1804, and settled at his estate at Zalesie, close to the town of Smorgon, half way between Vilnius and Minsk.

Their four children: Amelia, born on December 10, 1803, who later became Countess Zaluska, conceived with Ogiński, but every one of his daughters - Emma and Ida, born in 1805 and 1813 had a different father; her son Ireneusz Oginski, born in 1807 or 1808 was conceived of the singer Giuseppe Paliani who was music tutor to the Ogiński girls.


The children of Karol and Amelia Załuska - nine surviving children, the eldest, Michał who, with his wife Lena ran Iwonicz, to the youngest, Franciszka, known as Fanny. 
Michał Kleofas Oginski b. 1765, his father Andrzej Ignacy Oginski with wife Paula Szembek (Paula nee Szembek from Slupowo married Jan Prosper Potocki; her father Marek Szembek born 1712 died 1744, and her grandfather Antoni Felicjan Szembek. Paula Szembek was born ca 1738? died 1797. Her children: Celestyn Lubienski b. 1758 d. 1848 with 1st husband Feliks Walezjusz Lubienski, Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 d. 1801, Jozefa Oginska [b. 1763 with husband Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1739 d. 1787], Michał Kleofas Oginski b. 7 October 1765 died 15 October 1833. Protazy / Prot Antoni Potocki born 1761 - died 1801 married Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810 with daughter Emilia Potocka born ca 1790.

Above Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1739 d. 1787 [Andrzej Ignacy Joachim Jozef Adam]
). His children:
Tomasz Antoni Oginski,
Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski, Franciszek Ksawery Oginski, Amelia Zaluska, Ida Oginska married Piottuch Kublicka, Emma Ogińska.
Andrzej Ignacy Oginski b. 1740, his father Tadeusz Ogiński and grandfather Marcin Oginski.
Izabela Oginska b. 1711 d. 1761, her father Michal Radziwillher husband Tadeusz Franciszek Oginski b. 1712 d. 1783, his line from Marcin, Szymon and Samuel Oginski.

Above Ida Oginska born in 1813 (ca 1800 ?) and married to  Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki from Kublicze.

Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki's brothers and sisters:
Emilia Piottuch-Kublicka m. Wincenty Smokowski, Stanisław ca 1804, Anna Piottuch-Kublicka 1809-1885 m. Józef Benislawski ca 1790-1852, Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka m. Wladyslaw Jozef Sołtan 1795-1843, Oktawia Piottuch-Kublicka born ca 1810 m. first Jozef Szumski b. ca 1800 and second to Dominik Konstantynowicz born (after 1800) ca 1805.

The family of Weis / Weiss:
Neighbour of count Albert von Gern / Gernet / Гернет / Гернеты at I. Lidvall / Lidval house in 1912 - 1916 in St Petersburg: M. Weiss, the daughter of Vice Admiral Weiss, Alexander Konstantinovich; he was born 1870, was Rear-admiral on 12 June 1916; he graduated from the Maritime School; commanded a torpedo boat and destroyers; after the October Revolution in the service of the Reds. Chief of Staff of the Red Baltic Fleet to 1919. Arrested in 1931, 1933 and 1935 exiled to Orenburg. His father probably: Weiss, Konstantin. He was born on August 5, 1839 in Tsarskoye Selo, came from the nobility of the province of Estonia / Эстония. May 14, 1896 was promoted to lieutenant general. June 6, 1907 Weiss was promoted to General of Infantry. General Weiss was living in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) in 1917 at Nicholas Road, 59 where he died August 22, 1917. And next of kin Konstantin von Weiss born July 29, 1877 in Tsarskoye Selo, died in Augsburg; during the Civil War, the commander of the Baltic Battalion of the Estonian Army. Baltic Regiment was formed in early 1919 in Estonia of the volunteers - Baltic Germans and since the spring of 1919 worked with the North-Western Army. October 1919 was part of 3rd Infantry Division, then worked as a part of the 1st Army.

Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr  Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia

and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy (1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid). Husband of above named Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina: Sergey Trubetskoy / Сергей Васильевич Трубецкой (1815 - 1859) son of Vassili Sergejevich Fürst Trubetskoy ('Vasily', born April 3, 1776 and died February 22, 1841; general of cavalry, member of the State Council). The same Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene (above Ольга Осиповна Калиновская was born 1818 or 1822 and was married in 1844 to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus; she was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska; Michael-Bogdan Ogiński married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki; Bogdan Ogiński died on 25 March 1909). The following year Prince Michał Oginski was born under perfectly normal circumstances to Ireneusz Oginski and Olga nee Kalinowski (her sister Countess Jozefina Kalinowska
married Ireneusz Oginski, too). Prince Ireneusz Ogiński died in 1863, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.


Above Vasily Troubetzkoy, general of cavalry, member of the State Council, born 1776 and died 22.2.1841. His relatives: de Voisins, Gilbert, de Rohan-Rochefort, Manfredi, de Beauregard, Mussin-Pushkin, de Morny, Silva-Bazan. His granddaughter Margarita, b. 14.10.1857, married 14.11.1881 to Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard who died 1.6.1911. Next granddaughters: Maria, b. 7.12.1886 and by Vladimir, b. 1824, his daughter Maria, born 12.5.1857, died 1933, m. 29.6.1880 and div. with Aleksej Yakovlevich Voropanov.

Margarita Troubetzkoy born 14 October 1857 - but not Maria - married to Marie Christian LABROUSSE de BEAUREGARD d. 1911, and his parents: Bertrand Christian Labrousse de Beauregard and Cecile de Mones d'Elbouix.
Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard b. ? was husband of Margarita Trubetskaya, b. 1857, daughter of Alexander Trubetskoy and Marie Eugénie Gilbert de Voisins. She was sister of Sergey Trubetskoy; Alexander Trubetskoy; Grigory Trubetskoy and Alexey Trubetskoy. Above Alexander Trubetskoy b. 1813, d. 1889, son of Vasilij Trubecki / Василий Сергеевич Трубецкий, князь (Василий b. 1776, d. 1841) and Sophia Marianna / Софья Андреевна. The LABROUSSE-BEAUREGARD family: LABROUSSE-BEAUREGARD Montignac from Dordogne, Aquitaine, France, b. 1816 - 1816, and LABROUSSE-BEAUREGARD Cadillac from Gironde, Aquitaine, France, b. 1868. Labrousse Bernard de Beauregard, a member of the clergy of Saintes, emigrated to Spain in 1792. Bertand Christian LABROUSSE de Beauregard born ca 1795 ?, parents: Jérôme LABROUSSE de Beauregard 1768-1846 (Jerome was son of Bernard Sr du Claux 1739-1789 and Angelique 1745-1813; Jerome has three children: Edouard Jerome LABROUSSE de Beauregard 1804 [next generation: Marguerite Amanda DUJARRIC de la Baronie 1814; Félicie Dite Elisabeth LABROUSSE de Beauregard 1834-1896], Jean Baptiste Frederic LABROUSSE de Beauregard [next generation: Marie Camille GRAUGNARD; Françoise Julia LABROUSSE de Beauregard], Bertrand Christian Labrousse de Beauregard / Bertand Christian LABROUSSE de Beauregard [next generation: Marié Cécile de MONEYS del Bouix; Pierre Adolphe LABROUSSE de Beauregard; Christian LABROUSSE de Beauregard - maybe he is Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard b. ? who was husband of Margarita Trubetskaya, b. 1857, because his parents: Bertrand Christian Labrousse de Beauregard and Cecile de Mones d'Elbouix: Cecile de MONES d'ELBOUIX b. after 1808, married to Bertrand Christian de LA BROUSSE de BEAUREGARD, who was born 28 November 1808, son of Jérôme de LA BROUSSE de BEAUREGARD and Elisabeth Marguerite Wilhelmine de HESSE-DARMSTADT; above Cecile child: 1. Christian LABROUSSE de Beauregard / Marie Christian Labrousse de Beauregard husband of Margarita Trubetskaya; 2. Adolphe de LA BROUSSE de BEAUREGARD married to Jenny BOERSH with child: Jeanne Bertrande de LA BROUSSE de BEAUREGARD 1874, married 1893, Paris, to Henri de LÉCLUSE-TREVOËDAL b. 1867, with children Guy de LÉCLUSE-TREVOËDAL b. 1895, and Odette de LÉCLUSE-TREVOËDAL b. 1902]), and Marguerite Elisabeth de HESSE d'Armstadt died 1809 daughter of Marie Adelaide Cheyrouze and Louis IX de Hesse, b. 1719 d. 1790. Baptiste LABROUSSE de Beauregard, b. 1776 - Brenac, Dordogne, d. 1781, son of Bernard Sr du Claux LABROUSSE 1739-1789 and Angclique LESCURE 1745-1813. Above Bernard Sr du Claux LABROUSSE, 1739-1789, son of Jean Labrousse Du Claux, 1693-1764 and Catherine Bouilhac d. 1738. He was grandson of Jean Labrousse Du Rocq, d. 1725. Above Marie Eugénie Gilbert de Voisins, b. 1835, d. 1901, daughter of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins and Marie Sophie Taglioni (Marie Sophie Taglioni b. 1804 in Stockholm, Sweden, d. 1884 in Marseille, France, daughter of Philippe Taglioni and Sophie Karsten), wife of Alexander Trubetskoy, mother of Sergey Trubetskoy; Margarita Labrousse de Beauregard; Alexander Trubetskoy; Grigory Trubetskoy and Alexey Trubetskoy; she was sister of Georges, comte Gilbert de Voisins, by Elle Kiiker Ling and Jadra of 2012, at geni.com. Georges Gilbert de Voisins b. 1843 (his son Marie Auguste Gilbert de Voisins b. 1877 in Paramé, St-Malo, France, d. 1939 in Paris; husband of Louise de Heredia daughter of José Maria de Heredia and Louise Cécile Despaigne), son of Jean Pierre, comte Gilbert de Voisins and Marie Sophie Taglioni, husband of Sozonga Ralli. Sozonga Ralli b. 1857 in London, d. 1906 in Paris, daughter of Stephanos Rallis. Stephanos Rallis b. 1829 in Marseille, d. 1902 in Monte Carlo, son of Augustis Rallis and Sosonga - b. 1804 in Smyrne. Above Jean Pierre Gilbert de Voisins d. 1863, son of Pierre Paul Alexandre Gilbert de Voisins and Charlotte Digneron de Beauvoir b. 1775, husband of Marie Sophie Taglioni, father of Georges, comte Gilbert de Voisins and Marie Eugénie Gilbert de Voisins, copyright by George J. Homs in 2013. Gabriel Voisin was born in Belleville-sur-Saône in 1880, France, and his brother Charles Voisin (b. Lyon 1882), two years younger than him, was his companion. When his father (who? - Georges Gilbert de Voisins b. 1843) abandoned the family, his mother, Amélie, took her sons home to Neuville-sur-Saône, where they settled near her father's factory.

Otrebusy, a village in the Congress Poland, close to Brwinow; before 1900 this estate - Folwark Elzbietówka, Popowek - was sold (Borman, Knoff, Szolc). Otrebusy south-east of Brwinow, 4 km and Kanie village is north-east of Otrebusy 1,5 km.

On a maps of Herman Karol de Perthees of 1783 and 1786 we have got Otrebusy and also a map of 1803: it's data on the Oginski family (relatives of the Kalinowski family, Count) and Sulinski under the German rule, acc. to Prof. Marian Prokopek.

Acc. to 'genealogia.okiem.pl/soltan':
Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, died in 1836 Mitawa, general, wifes:
Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802 from parents Stanislaw Radziwill and Karolina Pociej,
and second wife since 1820 was Konstancja Toplicka-Tupalska Korsak from father Antoni.

His children below: 1. Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780 married Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki.
2. Stanislaw Soltan, 1822 - died 1897 in Anninsk, from Brzostowica Murowana in the Hrodna goverment, with wifes: Maria Dunin-Jundzill b. 1827 and Albertyna Dunin-Jundzill, b. 1837 (brothers and sisters of above Stanislaw Soltan: 3. Helena Soltan b. 1790 m. to Franciszek Soltan b. 1780,
4. Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan, born 1792 in Warsaw,
and 5. Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 ? / 1790 m. to Antoni Wankowicz b. ca 1760).

Children of Stanislaw Soltan b. 1822:

1. Bogdan Wiktor Soltan 1861 - 1912 married to Maria Franciszka Soltan b. 1863 (his brothers and sisters: 2. Emilia Soltan Korsak, b. 1847 d. 1908, 3. Stanislaw Soltan, 1848 - 1850, 4. Helena Soltan 1849 - 1852, 5. Adam Soltan 1851 - 1902 Brzostownica Murowana, 6. Wiktor Wladyslaw Rudolf Pereswit-Soltan, 1853 - d. 1905 Warsaw, owner of Kraszuty)
and his daughter - Maria Emilia Soltan b. 1889 Aninsk and died 1963 m. Zdzislaw Henryk Grocholski - her daughter Maria Grocholska b. 1911 Pietniczany and died in 1940 Otrebusy.

Acc. to 'www.bkpan.poznan.pl/biblioteka':
"...Grodno ... 15 October 1793 ... Krzywkowski v. W. Oginski ex-General of Lithuania, ... Gasowski ... 'otrzymal z wyznaczeniem komisyi do rozsadzenia granic folwarku swego Otrebusy zwanego, w ziemi warszawskiej lezacego, z folwarkiem W. Oginskiego ... okolica tegoz imienia graniczacego, ... Gasowski przeciwnie w odpowiedzi swojej dowodzi, ze majac swoj majatek w cudzych rekach, a nie mogac go dojsc dla przemocy, u Konfederacyi Generalnej Koronnej wyjednal sobie sancitum, przez ktore nie uchylenia jakiego prawa lub uciazliwego dla W. Oginskiego Ex-Hetmana praejudicatum zada, lecz sadu, a to koncem przyspieszenia ukrzywdzonemu sprawiedliwosci: i ze tego sadu ktory sie sklada z sasiadow osiadlych, lekac sie W. Oginski nie powinien... 1793 ...sprawa takowa do przyzwoitego sadu odeslana byc ma'."
Above named Oginski that is Michal Kazimierz Oginski, duke, b. 1728 or 1730 / 1731 died 1800 in Slonim or Warsaw; General, cousin of Andrzej Ignacy Oginski - freemason, and father (?) of Michal Kleofas Oginski - freemason.

But acc. to me: Michal Kleofas Oginski b. 1765 has different father, that is Andrzej Ignacy Oginski with wife Paula Szembek.
Ogiński, owner of the Helenow palace, Otrębusy, Komorów, Helenow and Opacz, was born as Michal Kleofas Ogiski in Guzów close to Zyrardow on 7 October 1765 and died 1833, was a Polish and later Russian statesman, a Polish insurrectionary and composer; his father Andrzej Oginski was governor of Trakai, in Lithuania; his mother, Paulina nee Szembek. When the Russians occupied Vilnius, he moved to Warsaw; he swore allegiance to Tsar Alexander I of Russia and settled in Zalesie village, Ashmyany region, in present-day Belarus and later Helenow close to Otrebusy and Pruszkow. In 1755 - Michal Kazimierz Oginski b. 1728 - d. 1800, was owner of Helenow and Otrebusy, to his death in 1800, next owner of Otrebusy (and Helenow): Michal Kleofas Ogiski to his death in 1833, and after the Oginski family Helenow in ca 1800 to hands of Tadeusz Ostrowski (ca 1800 to 1817 Tomasz Adam Ostrowski, 1833-1855 Wincenty Arkuszewski, after him Stanislaw Potocki and Jakub Ksawery Potocki).

Note!

Dzierżynowo / Дзяржынава / Дзержиново: formerly Oziembłowo, a total of 180 acres, including the manor house, currently lies in the Minsk region, about 15 km south-west-west of Iwieniec; north of Prudy and north-east of Naliboki; close to Pietrylovichi. It was a family nest of Dzierżyński, for a time leased (to 1875) by Edmund Dzerzhinsky for others; here in 1877 was born Felix Dzerzhinsky. Here were killed two of his brothers: Stanislaw and Kazimierz. Previous name - Oziembłowo is listed in the Geographical Dictionary.

Zalessie (Zalesie), Залессе / Залесье / Залессе, ca 11 km south-east of Smorgon, ca 60 km north of Iwieniec (also Januszkowcze / Januszkowiczi ca 15 km north of Iwieniec), ca 70 km north of Dzierzynowo / Oziemblowo; a farm and property of Ogiński. Michal Kleofas Oginski / Michael Cleophas Oginski lived here, b. 1765 - d. 1833, composer, diplomat, one of the leaders of the Kosciuszko Uprising 1794; he received a fortune in a fall from his uncle, Count Francis Xavier Oginski / Franciszek Ksawery Oginski; in the years 1802-1806 he lived there permanently, and in 1822 he was here often. After the death of Michał Kleofas Oginski / Michael Cleophas Oginski for many years in assets stayed widow, an Italian singer Maria de Neri. Zalesie next taken by the son of Maria nee Neri / Mary and Michał Kleofas Oginski / Michael Cleophas - Ireneusz Oginski (1808-1863), and later, his son Michael Nicholas Oginski (1848-1902).

Andrzej Oginski hired a home teacher from Vienna for Michał Kleofas Oginski - Jean Rolin (Rollain / Rolain / Rolayn Jean), who had previously served for emperor Leopold II as the tutor. Rolin (Rollain / Rolain / Rolayn), was teaching various subjects such as mathematics (by former Jesuit Abbe Rhoddee), and high-quality education; Rolin (Rollain / Rolain / Rolayn) also put to 7-year-old son a special diet and took long walks. Teen-age Michał Kleofas Oginski worked up to 16 hours per day. He studied political economics and in particular the Polish and French literature. Michał Kleofas read a lot of books such as Voltaire and Rousseau.

Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Trubetsky / Gregori Trubiacki / Grzegorz Trubecki was a Prince of the Troubetzkoy family. He married Maria Kalinowska. Maria Trubecki nee Kalinowski in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. But they lived before 1840 in St. Petersburg.
At the same time just the Ogińskis had three daughters, Amelia, Emma and Ida. Ireneusz, the only boy, was their second child. He was born in 1808. Princess Maria Neri and Michał Kleofas Ogiński, in Venice began to take lovers.
In 1841 Ireneusz Oginski was thrown into jail, may well have had something to do with the 'Kalinowska Affair' a few years later.
Sometime around the late 1830s (acc. to me not late 1820s), Ireneusz married Countess Jozefina Kalinowska, whose sister, Countess Olga happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father. In 1848 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. The following year Prince Michał was born under perfectly normal circumstances to Ireneusz and Olga. Prince Ireneusz Ogiński died in 1863.

The Rolin family (Rollain = Rolain / Rolayn):
Henri-Antoine Rolin was born in 1774 and died in 1835 in Kortrijk / Courtrai. Some branches of his many descendants: Ernest Bertin (1870-1915), Maurice Bresson (1892-1955), Jacques Filiol Raimond (1880-1933), Filiol Pierre Raimond (1884-1950), Constant Van Ackere (1873-1957) and Waelbroeck Georges (1853-1917). Here are some examples of baptisms of the Rollin family: 1752 Jacques Rollin, 1757 Catherine Rollin, 1759 Marguerite Rollin, 1759 Rollin M. Amable, 1760 Pierre-Amable Rollin, 1762 Francois-Amable Rollin, 1763 Philippe Rollin, 1765 Joseph-Marie Rollin, 1766 Piere Rolin, 1768 Charles Rollin. Despite that the family is originally from Mons, Achilles / Achille ROLIN was actually born in Namur, 1839 (married Henriette Coralie LAGRANGE, daughter of Eugene Jacques LAGRANGE, Lieutenant Colonel; he lived in Brussels and died in Ixelles), the son of Joseph Nicolas Rolin, b. 1811 (mother from Ciney), d. 1854. Two years later, in 1841, was born a sister Leopoldine ROLIN; Joseph Nicolas Rolin mother: Mary Elizabeth Marie Joseph DESOMME; Mary's parents were DESOMME Pierre Joseph (d. before 1802) and Francoise Josephe FOUNTAINS (also died before 1802). Hubert Jean Rolin and Francois Joseph Rolin were born 1782 and 1784 respectively, in the parish of Pessoux near Ciney, in Jannaeus - a few kilometers from Ciney. Hubert and Francis were the son of Jean ROLIN and Anne LYSIN (died in Ciney). Indeed, their grandfather Hubert LYSIN died 1788, and their father, Jean Rolin, died 1789. Jean Rolin was not born in the parish of Pessoux. The marriage certificate indicates that Jean Rolin was a parishioner of Ciney; Jean Rolin born in the hamlet of Bry, Parish of Celles, 1738. He is the son of William ROLIN born in 1715; two brothers was born in 1738 and 1741; Jean Joseph ROLIN was born in Bry - Celles. Celles is south of Achene, and 10 km south-west of Ciney, Belgique; 12 km from border of France; southern Belgique. The second son of Jean Rolin, above mentioned Francis Joseph, born in 1784.

Please look at details on this website!



Now we back to the Estonian-Polish branch of the Troubetzkoy family (Трубецкой и Эстония) and about Nestor Troubetzkoy. His father Grigory Troubetzkoy b. 1802 and died 11 January 1874, grandfather Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy b. 18 November 1773 - died 16 November 1801. Brother of Grigory: Yuri Troubetzkoy b. 1796 - d. 1859, sister Anna Kozhoukhova / Kozuchowska / Kozuchow born 23 December 1793 - 29 March 1827. Pawel son of Nestor Trubecki had three brothers: Herasim Trubecki, a scientist; second - an oil magnate and a chemist in Baku whose name is not known; third - a captain of the icebreaker 'Yermak', whose name is not known; and two sisters, whose names are not known! As you can see, the Estonian branch of the family Trubecki has huge gaps in accurate information about the generations, dates of births, names of children, especially in the period from about 1830 to about 1880. It's this period that I was particularly interested!
Children of a landowner and revolutionary Nestor Trubecki / Nester Troubetzkoy or Kalinowski / Trubeckoj born 1832 or 1840 in Cracow and died in Cracow or in Warsaw, Congress Poland in 1907:

1. professor Nestorovich Paul Troubetskoy / Павел Трубецкой / Pavel Trubecki son of Nestor / Pawel Trubecki (TROUBETZKOY, was born in Congress Poland 1879);  with title of Prince; died in 1941 in Tallinn; in Orsza, Belarus, 1903 was married to Maria Makeiewna Dobrzinska (Maria daughter of Maciej Dobrzynski born in Orsza on August the 1st or 8th, 1887 and died in Tallinn on 22 March 1974).
Pavel Trubecki was a member of the Polish Socialist Party of Józef Pilsudski, "was a partisan of Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz, a member of The Special Unit of Belarusian People's Republic in Estonia (Asobny Atrad BNR in Estonia) and veteran of Estonian War of Independence. By 1905 Jozef Pilsudski's party, the Polish Socialist Party, of which Pawel Trubecki was a member, was the largest socialist party in the entire Russian Empire. Failing in his purpose, Trubecki left Congress Poland in 1906, and moved to Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia). (Pawel Trubecki / Pavel Trubiacki / Paul Troubetzkoy moved from Orsha / Orsza to Tallinn in 1906, at the end of this year probably - but all his family to 1908) In 1906, as a stable government was re-established in the province, a Neo-Romantic literary movement 'Young Estonia' (Noor-Eesti) took hold there. Pawel Trubecki got the Nansen passport".


His children:
Jan Michal / Ivan Mihkel Trubecki / Pavlovich Troubetzkoy born in Orsza 1906, died in Tallinn 1971 with wife Alma Koidu;
second - Anjuta Pavlovna Gorbachev / Gorbaczow b. Tallinn in 1908, died Tallinn 2004 with husband A. Gorbachev, proprietor of houses in Tallinn;
third Aleksander Trubetskoi / Alexander Pavlovich Troubetzkoy b. Tallinn 1913, d. 1941 with wife Linda;
fourth (see also below) - Wladymir / Vladimir Trubetsky / Wladimir Trubetskoi / Vladimir Waloc Troubetzkoy, b.  5.10.1915, d.  22.4.1997 with wife Gerda Tiksmann and second wife 1935 Lydia Maripuu born Dundaga 1915, died in Muuga Aedlinn 1990 
(Muuga aedlinn - Muuga garden city is area in the western part of the town of Maardu, Estonia; it's located just east of Tallinn's Pirita district and Maardu is a town and a municipality in Harju County, Estonia and it is part of the east Tallinn metropolitan area; Nomme is south-west part of Tallinn):
his child - Jan Trubecki / Jaan Trubetsky, born in Tallinn on 29.12.1938 and his children with Leili Rikk: Tonu Trubetsky (+ Anu Klyszejko) and Toomas Trubetsky and also with Dagmar: Tonis Trubetski and Toivo Trubetski. Above named Vladimir Trubetskoy was a member of the Polish Home Army born 1915 died 1997 and his son was Jan Trubetskoy born 1938. 

2. Gerasim / Herasim Trubecki / Gerasimos vel Gerasim Nestorovich Trubecki, doctor, born 1866 / 1870 / 1880 or after 1870 and died in Paris; scientist.

3. four (5?) unknown:
an unknown oil magnate in Baku who was born ca 1870s and died ca April 28, 1920 in Baku; he was chemist in oil industry in Bakou / Baku;
the second unknown, captain of the soviet icebreaker 'Yermak' / Ermak,
and two (or three) unknown daughters.

But we have two different trees in the genealogy of the Estonian branch of the Troubetzkoy family;
1. according to N. Ikonnikov and Miroslav Marek, Sept. 2007: Great-grandfather of Pavel Troubetzkoy: Pyotr Troubetzkoy, b. 18 Nov. 1773, d. 16 Nov. 1801, m. Nadejda Ivanovna Pestova [his father: Nikolay born 1744]. Grandfather of Pavel: Grigory b. 1802, d. 11 January 1874. His sister Anna b. 1793, d. 1827, m. Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov, brother: Yuri b. 1796, d. 1859, m. Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky. Father of Pavel: Nestor Troubetzkoy / Nester Trubiacki / Trubecki, born ca 1832, died ca 1907. Pavel Troubetzkoy born 1866, died 1941; married to Maria Kalinowska born ca 01 August 1892, died ca 1972. His children: Vladimir Waloc b. 05 October 1915, died 22 April 1997, married Gerda Tiksman and second m. to Lydia Maripuu b. 25 Jan. 1915 d. 25 April 1990; Ivan Mihkel; Alexandr and Anastasia married NN Gorbatchev. Children of Vladimir Waloc: Jaan b. 29 Dec. 1938 married Leili Rikk born 10 Nov. 1937: Erich and Isabella born 20 July 1956 m. NN Hitzel. Children of Jaan: Toivo, Tonis, Tonu vel Tony Blackplait, m. Anu Klyszeyko, 2 m. Maret Parnamets, 3 m. Margit Roosileht; and Toomas born 22 Dec. 1967; Children of Tonu: Reginleif  b. 1989, Tonu born 1990, Madeleine Angelique b. 1993; and
2. Nestor Trubecki has
wife M. Kalinowska / Maria Kalinovsky.
Never any inf. about his next of kin - Maria Trubeckoi / Duchess Maria Troubetzkoy / Mary Trubecki born 1835 / 1850 or information that Maria Trubecki was born in the next generation for example circa 1850 / 1853.

But genealogical research are directed to show that

Nestor Troubetzkoy (with nickname Nester Kalinowski) had a sister Maria. His sister's name would be given by the mother Maria of the Kalinowski house: Mary Kalinowski who had affinities with family of Oginski; in turn, this family was associated with the Radziwills and then with the Konstantynowiczs in Miezonki.

Duchess Maria Troubeckoy probably born about 1840, married Konstantinovich - genealogical research go towards demonstrating that her husband's name was Vasily / Wasyl; Wasilij or Vasily Konstantynowicz was born about 1840.

Therefore, we have strong links between the 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zaporozhya / Zaporoze / Alexandrovsk and with Estonia, including Tallinn, Viljandi and Parnu. These relations also apply Miezonki, Lodz, the secret Pilsudski movement (Andrzejak, Wankowicz, Trubecki) in Belarus and Estonia and the smuggling of weapons from Russia to Galicia by (Spychalski, Andrzejak) Lodz.

Two families: Kalinowski and Paszkowski, has a lot connections. Count Joseph Kalinowski fought in the Polish Legions, among others between 1806 and 1807 - Silesia, Westphalia, etc. Similarly, the colonel and then general Franciszek Paszkowski. Both participated in the Napoleonic wars, years 1812-1813. Returned to the country in 1814. Then Paszkowski, and Kalinowski, have made a Free City of Krakow (ca 1819) and established families. Their children were born just after 1816. Both have completed military service in the rank of general. Both family came from south of the former Poland, after in the Russian zone, and also in the Austrian partition, but had a relationships with families living in Russia.

Note about the Piottuch - Kublicki family: 

 Ferdynand Piottuch - Kublicki, who was an activist of 1863 in the East Belarus, was friend of Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski from the Vicebsk region and also Walerjan Weryho / Valerian Veryho (he was owner of the Stajki estate - South of Vicebsk, close to the Dymanowo station, where Russian police on 22nd April 1863 attempted to arrest him). Above Ferdynand  Piottuch - Kublicki was neighbour of Wasilewski and relation of Staniewicz; he and duke Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski / Weryho stayed in Vicebsk in 1862 and in Stajki 1863Artemiusz Viaryha - Dareuski was familiar to: Moniuszko, Odyniec, Syrokomla and with Aleksander Chodecki in Mohylew (Mahileu or Mogiliow) in 1859.
Lady Augusta Soltan, b. around 1750 was married to Eliasz / Elijah Kublicki Piottuch from Kublicze, and was living in Livonia. The next generation: 

1. Elizabeth Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicze, b. approximately 1790 married Benedict Wawrzecki, Marshal of Braslav and second husband Krutz

2. Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicz, about 1800 m. Soltan Carolina born ca 1780; child: 

Valentina Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicz, b. ca 1800 and m. Wladyslaw Jozef Soltan was born 1795, d. 1843 (mother Josepha Benislawska), her child 

Soltan Octavia, b. in Prezma / Pryzma / Presman 1830, died on August 15, 1871 in Kazan (or Razan ?), she was married in 1849 to Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan / Hieronim S. V. Soltan born 1824, died in 1900, landowner, member of the January Uprising.
Above named Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan was born 1824 in Uzukrewno (his mother's estate) and died on March 15, 1900 in Prezma, now Latvia; son of Stanislaus Soltan (collaborator of the Constitution of 3 May, imprisoned in Smolensk in the 1794-1796, the President of the Provisional Government of Lithuania in 1812
, d. Mitawa 1836) and Constance Toplicki / Konstancja Toplicka, a high school in Mitawa in 1835-1842 Courland, his parents after confiscating the 'Zdzieciol' estate (in the Slonim area and mentioned by Mr. Tadeusz Mickiewicz) moved house on the Livonia area, he was the insurgent in 1863, exiled to Ufa, interned in Riga. Study at the University of St. Petersburg in 1843-1844, married in 1849, with a relative of his, Oktawia nee Soltan, daughter of Joseph and Valentina, and settled in the estate of his wife, Pryzma in Polish Livonia. In 1858 - 1859 he traveled abroad, where he conferred with Adam Czartoryski and Witold Czartoryski and Count Zamoyski on the current state of Lithuania and Belarus. He was against armed Insurrection. When the uprising broken out, Soltan, unable to stop it, joined to the Insurrection in the Livonia province and after Soltan was arrested in Vitebsk on June 5th, 1863. He was exiled to Ufa on August 18, 1863, and remained there until 1866. Then he was interned in Riga 1872 - 1875, was allowed to return in 1875 to assets of his wife in Polish Livonia, where he died in September 1900 in Prezma / Presman near to Malta in Inflanty / Lettgallen / Livonia, the Rēzeknes Rajons - 18 km south west from Rezekne acc. to http://exonyme.bplaced.net/Board/Thread-Lettgallen. The von der Borch family from Prele / Preili/ Priji near to Dyneburg and from Wyping in the Rzezyce / Rezekne district was owner of the Prezma estate before 1714. Above named Samuel Jerome Wladyslaw Soltan moved in 1891 to Riga, where he many years honorably served as President of the Charitable Society

Now we back to the Piottuch Kublicki family:
Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki of Kublicz, about 1800 m. Soltan Carolina born ca 1780; children: 

Valentina Piottuch-Kublicka of Kublicz, b. ca 1800 and m. Wladyslaw Jozef Soltan was born 1795, d. 1843; 

Stanislaw Piottuch-Kublicki, 

Octavia Piottuch-Kublicka m. Joseph Szumski and second time to Dominik Konstantynowicz

Anna Piottuch-Kublicka m. Joseph Benisławski

Emilia Kublicka m. Vincent Smokowski

Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki m. Ida Oginska.
Some details:
Oktawia Soltan, born 1830, died on 15.8.1871 in Kazan, married to (1849) Władyslaw Hieronim Samuel Soltan, b. 1824, d. 1900. Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki married Ida Oginski. Karol Piottuch-Kublicki, b. ca 1850 m. Zofia Eysymont, b. ca 1840 - her parents: Oktawiusz and Helena Soltan. Stanislaw Soltan, born on 27.8.1756, d. 1836 in Mitawa, m. Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802, her father Stanislaw, mother Karolina Pociej from Zdzieciol. Second time married ca 1820 to Konstancja Toplicki-Tupalski Korsak.

Parents of above named Ida Oginski:

Michal Kleofas Oginski 1765-1833 and Maria Neri 1778-1851.
Grandparents of Ida Oginski: Andrzej Ignacy Oginski 1739-1787 and Paula Szembek.
Husband of Ida Oginski: Adolf Piottuch-Kublicki.
Son of Ida Oginski: Karol Piottuch-Kublicki born ca 1850.

Bohdan Oginski died in 1625.
His children:
1. Alexander d. 1667, Troki; 2. Jan d. 1640; royal courtier 1613;

3. Samuel Leo d. 1657, Trakai 1620

(his son Simon Charles d. ca 1699, chamberlain of Vitebsk in 1654; grandson, Michael Marcian 1672 - 1750, Vitebsk in 1703, Vitebsk in 1730, Borysow; great-grandson, Tadeusz Francis 1711 - 1783, Trakai 1744, Trakai 1770, Oshmiana, m. in Korelicze (? Koreliszcze) in 1737 to Isabella Radziwill b. 1711 and great-great-grandson,
Andrzej Oginski / Andrew 1739 - 1787,
Secretary of Lithuania in 1771, Trakai 1778, Trakai 1783, m. 1763 to Paula Szembek-Łubieński-Potocki d. 1797);

4. Dimitri d. 1610; royal courtier, 5. Anna m. Wilhelm Stetkiewicz, Chamberlain of Braslav; 6. Barbara m. Szemet, chamberlain of Vilnius; 7. Dorothy Pieczyhojski,

8. Apolonia Oginski (b. before 1599 and died ca 1650/1670?, m. George Szemet, of Samogitia,
m. second time after 1610 to Michal / Michael Despot Zenowicz b. ca before 1597).

Polonia Oginska / Apolonia Oginski was the maternal grandmother of Anna von Wrangell.
Joseph Juriewicz/ Jozef Jurewicz, from the Orsha district in the province of Mogilev (his sister, Anna von Wrangell, was seventeen years younger than he), came into possession of Kolpino after his marriage to Joanna Despot Zenowicz / Anna Deszpot-Zienowicz; also in Kraszuty / Wielkie-Kraszuty / Krashuty, a village in the Mikolajewska area, a district of Polock, goverment of Witebsk / Vicebsk; here lived Soltan, 1853-1905, engineer from Lodz, the Congress Poland; this estate located north-east of Polock / Polatsk, close to present border of Belarus and Russia; Savino 3.6 km north east; and Porzecze.

Stanislaw Juriewicz, as the oldest brother, had estates in Belorussia, and after the death of his parents, divided these properties among his brothers. His brother, Michal Juriewicz, received Kraszuty. His brother Jan received two estates, Franopol and Porzecze. Franciszek, another brother, lived in St. Petersburg. Anna von Wrangell received three estates: Kolpino, Reblio, and Zabelja. The estate Kolpino had belonged to her mother, (? nee) Despot - Zenowicz / Despoth / Deszpot - Zienowicz. Originally, this estate had belonged to the Princes Oginski:
Polonia Oginska / Apolonia Oginski was the maternal grandmother of Anna von Wrangell.
The title to the estate Porzecze was left in the name of Stanislaw Juriewicz.

The Wrangel family / Wrangell / Vrangel / Wrangel Gubental:

1. Anna von Wrangell received three estates: Kolpino, Reblio, and Zabelja. The estate Kolpino had belonged to her mother. Originally, this estate had belonged to the Princes Oginski: Polonia Oginska /
Apolonia Oginski was the maternal grandmother of Anna von Wrangell. The title to the estate Porzecze was left in the name of Stanislaw Juriewicz.

2. Alexander Pushkin back in 1824 from Odessa to Mikhailovsky, was in Kolpino, close to present city Pustoshka. In those years it was owned by
Ignacy Despot Zenowicz / Ignatius Despot-Zenovich, a member of the Masonic Lodge in St. Petersburg.

Ignacy Despot-Zenowicz b. ca 1830, son of Jan Despot-Zenowicz b. ca 1800 (grandson of Anna Despot-Zenowicz nee Niemirowicz-Szczytt); brother of above named Jan: Ignacy Despot-Zenowicz (c. 1802 - d. ?), too. Father of above Jan: Michał Despot-Zenowicz. Born ca 1770? Grandfather Antoni Despot-Zenowicz b. ca 1730. Copyright by Julian Krzysztof Jacoby in 2014. Wife of above Ignacy b. ca 1830 was Justyna Despot-Zenowicz nee Brzostowska b. ca 1830 from Wincenty Brzostowski Marshal of the Lucyn / Ludsen county, Livland, now Latvia, b. ca 1790. Wincenty was grandson of Augusta Ogińska 1724-1791, and great-grandson of Józef Tadeusz Ogiński 1693-1736. Acc. to Marian TOPOROWSKI, mentioned

Ignacy Despot ZENOWICZ b. ca 1830 was a translator of Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

Despot Zenovich Stanislav Ivanovich, son of Jan Despot Zenowicz (Jan Despot-Zenowicz b. ca 1800, and was above named), was born in 1833 or 1835.
In 1853 he entered the Moscow University, after which went to continue his education in France. After returning home, he settled in the Caucasus. In 1856 with the rank of titular counselor, served as an officer of the Caucasus Governor; 1869 Member of the Baku District Court; 1878, Stanislav Ivanovich Despot Zenowicz, appointed by the Caucasus Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich; 1881 the Baku City Council, where he worked on the post of the mayor 14 years - 1879 - 1894 was Baku Mayor State Councillor; meeting of the Caspian-Black Sea Oil Industry and Trade Society approved Zenovich, to the post of the director of the board of the society in Baku; 1894 living in Batumi as head of the city of Batumi. Next in his own home in Baku, died in 1900.

We remember about others in Baku:

1. General Konstantynowicz killed in 1920 in Baku;

2. On the Apsheron Peninsula near Baku, founded the oil company 'Benckendorf';

3. Emil Ramseyer Iv., born 1863 and died 1925; from Swiss, Bern, top member of the 'Deka' that is Duflon, Konstantinovič and Co.; top member of "Volta" and Oil N. Hartmann.
4. 1876 Nobel Robert and Alfred and with his sons:
Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859 and
Carl:
Oil Industry Company / Branobel / Tovarichtchestvo Nephtanavo Proisvodtsva Bratiev Nobel in Baku.

5. Krylov visited Drzewiecki in Paris, last time met with him 1925 to 1927, when Krylov was abroad for 'Neftesindikat' and 'Soviet oil'.

6. Lev Landau son of David, born 1908 in Baku; his father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry;

7. Stanislaw Nieciejewski b. 1872, Hrynica; he studied geology around 1892, ca 1895 engineer geologist, settled in Baku and here he worked at the oil fields before 1914; had Georgian wife before 1900.

8. Pawel son of Nestor Trubecki had three brothers: Herasim Trubecki, a scientist; second - an oil magnate and a chemist in Baku whose name is not known; third - a captain of the icebreaker 'Yermak'.

We back again to Despot-Zenowicz family. The Mniuta estate close to Plissa in the Dzisna county, Dryssa.
To the Brzostowski family; 1861 and 1865: Wielec Duży, Sawionki, Suchlino, Lewkowo. Count Brzostowski Edward Romuald Ignacy b. 1832, son of Wincenty Brzostowski; Wife Rachela b. 1822,
daughter of Ignacy Despot-Zenowicz.
Her son Marian Wincenty Piotr Izydor b. 1861, daughter Gabriela Maria Johanna b. 1863, Maria Jadwiga Amelia b. 1867.

Second wife Marianna Teresa Żyżniewska b. 1864.
The Mniuta farm (Plisa or Plissa / Плиса / Плисса, 18 km north-east of Glubokoje (Mniuta north-east, too); south-west of Polock. 20 km north-west of Kublicz / Kublichi / Kublicze of the Piottuch-Kublicki family:
the Konstantynowicz relatives.
Плиса / Плисса, near to Глубокое - Glubokoje, ca 80 km south of Dryssa; 70 km north-west of Lepel. Now in the Витебская oblast', close to Мнюто / Mniuta, ca 6 / 7 km south of Mniuta)
and Szepielowa village to Edward Brzostowski, also Kotołowszczyzna in the Troki county, Gornowo in the Borysow county, the Mińsk government, Isnauda, Słobodiniec and Pierebrod in the Witebsk government.
Jan Światopełk-Mirski b. ca 1770, married to Tekla Burgundyfera Despot-Zenowicz. He died after 1788. Her father Antoni Despot-Zenowicz b. ca 1730, mother: Eleonora Magdalena Skarbek-Ważyńska b. ca 1730.

In the second half of the XIX century, owner of the Kolpino estate was Stanislaw Wrangel / Stanislav Vrangell (1844-1913),
son of the famous physician Karol Filip Wrangel Gubental / Carl Philipp von Wrangel Gyubentalya (1786-1858). Carl Wrangel was married twice. From his first wife Constance, he had two sons. After the death of Constance in 1832, he married Anna Yurevich / Jurewicz. In 1844 they had a son Stanislav Vrangel, the future judge and the owner of the estate in Kolpino.

3. Anna Jurevich had three estates in Vitebsk - Kolpino, Reblino and Zabel. Kolpino belonged to her mother, nee Despot-Zenovich. Originally, the estate was owned by the Duchess of Polonia Oginska. The first owners of the estate were the descendants of Rurik, the princes Oginski / Ahinskis.

Princess Polonia Oginskaja married Jozef Despot Zenowicz or Joseph Deshpo-Zenovich, and their daughter married Jozef Jurewicz / Joseph Jurevicha (Jurewicz - Polish princes). Stanislaw Jurewicz / Stanislav Yurevich, with whom the poet Pushkin met in Mogilev, was next of kin with Ignacy Despot Zenowicz / Ignatius Despot Zenovich - owner of the estate. Apolonia Oginska has twice married to Jerzy Szemet and Michal Despot Zienowicz or Jozef Despot Zenowicz.

4. Wrangel, more precisely, the two branches of this kind. The first branch - the family Gyubental von Wrangel, the second - the family Wrangel, who lived in Pskov. Stanislaw Wrangel son of Karl Wrangel / Stanislav Karlovic Frangel von Gyubental, Lutheran, who owns an estate in Kolpino, Soinskoy parish.

5. We know about: Carl Philipp Wrangell Gyubental / Wrangel Gyubentalya 1786-1858 from Kolpino.

6. Vrangel von Gubental Karl, in Kolpino, Wicebsk government, the Siebiez county.

7. Andrej Vrangel von Gubental, in Luga, the Petersburg government, Luga county.

8. Leon Vrangel von Gubental, in Luga, the Luga county.

9. Leon son of Vladimir Vrangel von Gubental 1857 - d. ?, in St Petersburg, wife Zinaida Aleksandrovna nee Chrapovicka /
Chrapowicki.

10. Wrangell von Gyubental Vera Platonovna, nee Rokossovskaya / Wiera Rokossowska
daughter of Platon Rokossowski, of the Nikolaev parish, Stavropol county, the Samara government.

Jozef Rokossovsky, the great-grandfather of Marshal Konstanty Rokossowski; Jozef Rokossovsky born ca 1790, in 1811 was elected lieutenant of cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. Jozef Rokossovsky was still a gentleman, but his son Jan Wincenty Rokossowski, born ca 1820, lost nobility in the 1840s, because they lived on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Jozef Xaver Rokossowski, son of mentioned Jan Wincenty and Konstancja Holewicka / Constance Holevitski. Holevitskaya Constance, was related to the famous Warsaw Opera singer, Helena Holevitskoy. The father of Constantine / Konstanty Rokossowski himself not much is known. Was born in 1853, lived in the Congress Poland. Worked on the railroad; Xavier Jozef married in the late 1880s or early 1890s, to the teacher Antonina (Atonide) Ovsyannikova, from the Pinsk region in the Minsk province. She was Russian and Orthodox. Jan Wincenty quarreled with his son Xavier Jozef, because he ran away from home to take part in the January Uprising in 1863, in the Lublin region.

Konstantin Rokossovsky was born in Great Luki / Wielkie Luki in 1896. But Lieutenant-General Platon Ivanovich Rokasovsky was a baron of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1855. In the XX century greatest was Konstantin Rokossovsky (1896-1968).

Baron Platon Ivanovich Rokasovsky / Rokossowski b. 1787 / 1800, Riga - died 1869, Nice, France; statesman, General of Infantry. Descended from Polish nobility of the Gorodok district of Vitebsk province; Gorodok, ca 38 km north-west of Vicebsk;
father - Ivan Nikititch Rokasovsky (1762-1826), Colonel, a retired brigadier; died no earlier than 1826. Landowner of the Gorodok County in the Vicebsk province.
Wife Charlotte von Albedil.
Children:
ELIZABETH, Alexei 1798-1850, Senator since 1848, Lieutenant-General, and Platon / PLATO 1800-1869.
Charlotte, nee von Albedil (b. ca 1770, d. after 1800) maybe from Riga or Fellin. Platon Rokossowski during the Crimean War Rokossowski or Rokasovsky from March 7 to 28 October 1854 commanded the troops for the protection of the Baltic Sea coast.
He known German, French, English, and also good, Polish. Owner of a house near Helsingfors.
Baron Platon Rokasovsky was married in 1836 or 1842, to the daughter of Major-General Vasily Kouzminski - Alexandra Kuzminska (1814 - d. 1896 in Peterhof). ROKASOVSKY PLATO IVANOVICH 1800-1869, General of Infantry, Member of the State Council. Children:
Alex 1836, ELIZABETH 1837, her husband Marcus, OLGA 1841 husband Merlin, PLATO 1843-1876, ALEXANDER 1847, ALEXANDRA 1850, VLADIMIR 1851 - Tambov Governor 1889-1896, later a member of the Council of Minister of the Interior, Chamberlain (1891); Alex 1853,
ВЕРА / Viera Rokossowski born 1854, husband ВРАНГЕЛЬ фон ГЮБЕНТАЛЬ / Wrangell von Gubental.
Rokasovsky Alexey, war 1812, 1823 - Colonel, in 1825 - in reserve.
In 1915 captain of Artillery Brigade, Baron Alexei Rokossovski taken a paper from Baroness Anna Pavlovna ROKOSSOWSKI b. 1887, in Helsingfors: the widow lived in Helsingfors, her husband - brother of Alexei - died at war. Above A. A. Rokossovsky was born 1886. He came from the hereditary nobility of Petrograd province and was the Orthodox faith. Alexei graduated from the Corps of Pages, which indicates that his parents were wealthy. In 1914 Baron Rokossovsky was promoted to captain.

The barons ROKOSSOWSKI owned estate in the Great Luki / Wielkie Luki region, likely place of birth of the Soviet Marshal Rokossovsky. This branch of the family came from the Vitebsk province, where they were in the XVII century. Their ancestor, Ivan Nikitich Rokossovsky, in 1778 confirm their nobility, come from Poland and many of its representatives have held high public office. The fact that
60 km from Great Luki / Wielkie Luki before the revolution was the estate of Baron Rokossovski, distant relative of the Marshal Konstanty Rokossowski grandfather (the Governor-General of Finland).

The von Albedil / Albedyll family:
Georg von Albedyll, Fellin (Livland) after 1745. Augusta Juliana von Albedyll, von Nieroth, born ca 1685, d. 1742, Fellin (Livland). Charlotte von Albedyll, 1777, parents Johann Karl von Albedyll and Ursula Margaretha von Kaulbars; her child Ottilia Charlotta von Glasenapp, her brother Georg Johann von Albedyll, from Kunda. Karl Ernst von Albedyll (1762 - 1836) b. in Lohdenhof (Lode), Latvia, d. 1836 in Liebenow. His father Erich (Ernst) Reinhold von Albedyll (1732 - 1804).

11. Wrangell von Gyubental Vladimir Leonidovich, 1918 - 1939 in Paris, the Page Corps in 1909, Cornet Guards, a Cavalry Regiment, in exile in France.

12. Wrangell von Gyubental Matthew Leonidovich, 1888 - 1965 in Paris, the Page Corps in 1908, Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards, a Cavalry Regiment, in exile in France, the owner of the machine shop and factory, a member of the Main Board of the Union of Pages.
Wife Antonina Mihailovna Rajewski / Raevskaya - she died 1970 in France, Artist.

13. WRANGEL Alexander son of Vladimir Vrangel or his father Baron Wrangel Alexander K., born in 1891 in St. Petersburg, Baron, 1909 - Colonel of cavalry Cossack Brigade, received incomplete higher education, in 1920 lived in Novgorod, worked as a cashier, 1931 - arrested and imprisoned, released; worked as an accountant at the farm; on March 22, 1938 he was arrested and executed.

14. WRANGEL Vladimir Konstantinovich. Born in 1865 in Estonia. 1927 arrested for an anti-Soviet agitation, November 4, 1929 sentenced to 1 year, and sent to a camp in Mordovia. In 1930 was in the village Chindyanovo, Dubno district, Mordovia; 1937 arrested on September 16, and was executed.

15. WRANGEL Charlotte P. nee Korf. She was born in 1850. Was educated at home. Married Michael I. G. von Wrangell, her sons George and Michael. Lived on the estate near the station Torosovo, after the revolution, lived with her family with son George; on February 21, 1918 her son George was killed. Torosovo was the Manor of Wrangel.

In 1870's in Torosovo / Торосово general-lieutenant Михаил Егорович Врангель / Michail Wrangell son of Georg Wrangell / Yegor Vrangel, built the manor; located in the Губаницки region, the Петергоф county, the Санкт-Петербург government. То́росово / Torosovo, west of Tiaglino and Vakkolovo; close to Kikerino, 37 km west of Gatczyna / Gatshina.

Kolpino, Reblio, and Zabelja: Kolpino ca 140 km north-east of Velikije Luki / Welikije Luki - different place, not close to Soinsk! The Soinsk parish, in Витебская губерния, Себежский уезд, Соинская волость, here was the Колпино estate!

About twenty miles from Zabelja was a station, Novosokolniki - railway station was 27 km west of Velikije Luki; Zabelja was sold - 16 km east of Пустошка; Reblio / Rebelsk, 6 km south of Zabelja; when Mieczyslaw, the oldest son of Stanislaw Juriewicz / Jurewicz, was dead, the owner of Berszada estate was Mieczyslaw's son, Fryderyk. A farm in Kolpino co-operated with Berszada.

Kolpino (Kopylok ?) was too far from any river or railroad, and the transportation was much too costly; Reblio was sold, too. But Kolpino
(probably Kopylok now - ? - near by Oziero Zavolotshie and by Vielikaja river; north of Charinskoje Oziero; 14 km north-east of Pustoshka, north-west of Zabelja / Zabelie. Kolpino, Soinsk parish, Витебская губерния, Себежский уезд, Соинская волость, Колпино and Пустошка on way from Siebiez to Velikije Luki)
was a very interesting place.

Soinsk Lake is 6 km west of Пустошка, but village Soino 7 km west of Pustoshka.

In Russian history Mikhailovskoye close to Oziero Kutshanie and Maleniec, near by Bugrovo, Voronich, Kirillovo; Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, Pushkinskie Gory / Holy Hills, are well known as the memorial Pushkin's places. Савкина Горка / Савкино, 7 km north of Pushkinskije Gory; ca 33 km west of Novorzev;
west of Cholm, south-east of Pskov; 110 km north-west of Pustoshka!
Mikhailovskoye / Михайловское - to А. С. Пушкин / A. Pushkin mother; Pushkin was living here in 1817, 1819, 1824-1826, 1827, 1835-1836; 1742 taken by Abram Petrovich Hannibal / Абрам Петрович, 1781 Mikhailovskoye / Михайловское for Osip Abramovich / Осип Абрамович; 1806 for his wife Maria Alekseevna nee Pushkin, 1818 - Nadiezda Osipovna / Надежда Осиповна, mother of poet; 1836 - her children: Olga, Lev, Aleksandr - poet.

A.

Jakov Sivers / Jakob Johann von Sievers, Count Jacob Sivers b. 1731, in Wesenberg / Rakvere, Estonia; died 1808, in Bauenhof, Governorate of Livonia, near Valmiera; he was appointed general governor of Novgorod (1764-1776), Tver (1776 - 1781 as governor of Tver and Novgorod) and Pskov; son of Joachim Johann von Sievers; he was gifted with great possessions: several villages near Minsk in Belarus, in Estonia (Heimar, Rasik and Kampen), Livonia (Bauenhof, Neuhall, Zarnau and Ostrominsky), Ingria (Gadebusch, Lopatino, Selco and Muratovo), the province of Polotsk (Starostei, Kasian and Dobra Rudnia), in Finland (Sackala).

B.

At the same time, Admiral Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Пётр Фёдорович Анжу / Piotr Fyodorovich Anjou / Peter Fedorovich Anjou born 1796 / 1797 - the great friend of Wrangell - an Arctic explorer, born in Vyshny Volochyok. Vyshny Volochyok / Вышний Волочёк, located close to Borkovo, ca 80 km north of Torzok; 85 km north-east of Kuvshinovo; 140 km north-west of Tver. 1773 to 1782, Count Sivers Jakov / Яков Ефимович Сиверс acted here, when was Tver and Pskov governor.

C.

Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel / Фердина́нд Петро́вич Вра́нгель / Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangel also was born 1796 / 1797 in Pskov, died in Dorpat in Estonia; was a Baltic German explorer of Alaska.

16. WRANGEL Georgy. He was born in 1876. Baron (his
great-grandfather, Abram Petrovich Hannibal and his father, Michael G. Wrangel,
mother Charlotte P. nee Korf). Brother Michael Vrangel / Mikhail Wrangel. He graduated from the Imperial Alexander Lyceum. From 1901 - District Commander of the 2nd section of the Peterhof County, 1907 - District Commander of the 4th section; married to Marianne Lvovna Wrangell nee
Golicyn / Galitzine.
After the revolution, remained with his family to live on the farm, on February 21, 1918 shot at the front of his mother, wife and four young children. A day later, the body was buried in the village near Raskulitsy Church.

Many noble families with Pushkin's roots now lives abroad. In Switzerland, in Morocco, Paris, in London, Brussels. The youngest daughter of Pushkin, Natalia Alexandrovna, married with secondary marriage to Prince of Nassau - intermarried with the royal family, as the elder brother of her husband, Duke Adolf of Nassau, was married to Grand Duchess Elizaveta - granddaughter of Nicholas the 1st. Also by marriage for one grandson of Nicholas, Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich. Not only that. Pushkin intermarried with the Romanov dynasty, reigned in Russia until 1917, by marriage a grand-daughter of Pushkin, the Countess Sofya Merenberg - de Torbay. Pushkin's grandson, the son of his daughter Natalia and the Prince of Nassau, Count George married Highness Princess Olga Alexandrovna Yuryevskaya - young princess was illegitimate daughter of the king and Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna Dolgorukoj. Alexander II was married to Catherine Mikhailovna after the death of the Empress, and granted her the title of Serene Highness Princess Yuryevskaya. One of the many grandchildren of Pushkin, and their was twelve, Maria, the daughter of his eldest son, Alexander, married a nephew of Gogol, Nikolai - a son of Gogol's sister, Elizabeth.

Pushkin was the next of kin with a chief of staff of the gendarmerie, General Dubbelt, who was fighting against an anti-government lyrics. It was so. The youngest daughter of Pushkin, Natalia, a beauty woman after her mother, married the son of General Dubbelt, adjutant Michael L. von Dubbelt. And she met with him in the apartment of a house Volkonskaya in which she lived as a child, where her father died, mortally wounded in a duel in January 1837, and of the wedding in 1853, the family took Dubbelt / Dubelt. The eldest daughter of Pushkin, Maria, married Hartung, who lived 87 years, died in 1919 and was buried in Moscow - children did not have. The youngest son Grigory Pushkin died in 1905.
Alexander Pushkin, the eldest son of the poet, was born in 1833 and died in July 1914. All his life, he served in the army. During the war for the liberation of the Balkans in 1877-1878, he commanded the Narva Hussars, for his personal bravery was awarded a gold sword of St. George. He died in the rank of lieutenant-general at the age of 81, only he had five sons, but direct descendants in the male line only left his son Grigory Alexandrovich (1868-1940). They formed the main branch of the family tree of Pushkin. Daughters of Alexander Alexandrovich, and there were eight, but only five of them were married, formed branchs of the descendants in the female line: Vorontsov-Veliaminoff, von der Mezentsov Rozenmayer. The youngest daughter of Pushkin, Natalia Alexandrovna 1836-1913 - her first marriage to Mikhail Dubelt, gambler, he squandered his fortune. Five years later, Natalia secondary married to Nicholas Prince William of Nassau. But because she was not of royal blood - this was a morganatic marriage. She did not trust the title of Princess of the Duchy of Nassau, and was granted the title of Countess Merenberg. The Countess Merenberg, daughter of Pushkin, from his second marriage, marriage with the Prince of Nassau, had two daughters and a son. They formed a branch Merenberg, Grevenits, English lords Mountbatten and Loris-Melikov. Descendants of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin living in Georgia. In Irkutsk live Vorontsov, in Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, and Tarlanovy in Petrozavodsk, Lukashi and Chalikov in Klin, in Tbilisi Svanidze, according to A. Lopyrev of 1983 - 1998, N. Zenkovich and Volkogonov.

Nataliya Nikolaevna Pushkina-Lanskaya / Наталья Николаевна Пушкина-Ланская, b. 1812 nee Nataliya Nikolaevna Goncharova / Гончарова, was the wife of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin from 1831 until his death in 1837. Natalya Pushkina gave birth to four children: Maria b. 1832, Alexander b. 1833, Grigory b. 1835, and Natalya b. 1836 become Countess of Merenberg. Nikolaus Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau married in 1868 Natalya Alexandrovna Pushkina the daughter of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and a descendant of Abram Petrovich Gannibal and Petro Doroshenko (she was divorced from Russian General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt); they had three children:
1. Countess Sophie von Merenberg de Torby married in 1891, Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861; 2. Countess Alexandrine von Merenberg, 3. Count Georg Nikolaus von Merenberg married firstly Princess Olga Alexandrovna Yurievskaya daughter of Alexander II of Russia.
Above Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia; "he was a year old when, in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus. Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years. ... He was educated at home by private tutors. ... During the years in the Caucasus, the Grand Duke excelled at horsemanship and started his military career. As a young man, he served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. ... In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg...", acc. to Wikipedia.
His father Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia, born 1832, served 1862 - 1882 as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi. Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France. Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia, on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.
Children of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich (Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832 the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I; Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Ogiński by name and Romanov by gene. Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya / Ekaterina Troubetzky / Troubetzkoy (nee Mussina-Pushkina; her father Pietr Klavdijevich Mussin-Puschkin b. 1768) was born 1816 and died c. 1897; her partner
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia
and with him was daughter Sofia Troubetzkoy b. 1838 in Moscow, Russia and died July 27, 1898 in Madrid
) of Russia:
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia, Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna,
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich b. 1861 and in 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie of Merenberg (relatives of the Pushkin family / Puskin/ Alexander S. Puszkin - family was near by military counterintelligence headquarters), Grand Duke George Mikhailovich,
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) b. 1866 - freemason, and near by military intelligence headquarters,
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich and last Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich.
Above countess Olga / Ольга Осиповна Калиновская born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński b. 1808 d. 1863 from Belarus in 1844 and her son: Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849. She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki. Above Ireneusz Oginski, duke, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie; Bogdan Ogiński died on 25. 03. 1909. Sister of Olga: Jozefina Kalinowska born 1816, was also married to duke Ireneusz Kleofas Ogiński who was born 1808. And Северина Иосифовна Калиновская / Seweryna Kalinowski b. 1814 d. 1852 was married to Mikolaj Plautyn / Плаутин b. 1794 or 1796 d. 24 December 1866, son of Fiodor Sergiejewicz Plautyn / Plautin died 1807? Nikolai Fedorovich Plautin was an outstanding military leader and statesman of the Russian Empire, General of Cavalry 1856, Adjutant General 1849, a member of the State Council in 1862. Countess Maria Kalinowska was born after 1805 - ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski. The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below: mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Czeliszczew; father Josif / Jozef / Osip Kalinowski b. after 1780 ? and died 1825. Grandfather Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759 and grandmother Elzbieta Bielska from Olbrachcice b. ca 1760. Emilia Potocka married first to Kalinowski and second time to Czeliszczew, was born 1790 and her parents: Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 and mother Marianna Lubomirska (Zubow, Potocki, Uwarow) born 1773 or Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766.

17. WRANGEL nee Galitzine, Marianne L.; was born in 1870. Princess (father, Prince Golitsyn Lion / Lew Golicyn). Married Baron Wrangel Georgy Mikhailovich, in the family was sons, Boris, Leo, George and daughter Nina. Lived with the children in the estate in Torosovo. Fled with the children to Petrograd in 1918, a few months later buried there eldest son George. In 1919 managed to go abroad, leaving the children in Russia. In 1920 - was able to take the children from Soviet Russia to Belgium. Worked in a textile factory. In 1943 died.

18. Boris G. WRANGEL. Born in 1917 in the village Torosovo / Tarasava, the Volosovsky County. Baron (father, Baron Wrangel Georgy; Wrangell mother Marianne L.); lived with his parents in the estate in Torosovo. With her mother went to Petrograd, in 1930 went to Belgium where he was reunited with his mother, was in a special Jesuit college for Russian refugee children. In 1940 joined the Brussels group of the People's Labour Union. Missionary priest, in 1942-43 made his way to German-occupied territory, began to work in the Pskov Orthodox Mission; with the retreating German troops reached Lubawa / Lyubava, worked as a representative of the International Red Cross. 1945 - arrested in Dvinsk, was sentenced to 20 years in labor camp and sent to Siblag, later sent to the Irkutsk region.
In 1950 released, lived in Pskov, served St. Nicholas church;
in the early 1990s he has returned to political activity, entered the St. Petersburg group of People's Labour Union. In 1995 died, buried in Pskov.

19. WRANGEL Yuri. Was born in 1911. Baron (father, Baron Wrangel Georgy; Wrangell mother Marianne L.); 1918 in Petrograd.

20. Mikhail WRANGEL. He was born in 1870. Baron (great-grandfather, Abram Petrovich Hannibal and his father, Michael G. Baron Wrangell, Wrangell mother - Charlotte P. nee Korf). Brother Georgy Mikhailovich Wrangel; uncle of Boris, Leo and Yuri GEORGIEVICH Wrangell. He graduated from the Imperial Alexander Lyceum. After the revolution was in his estate Terpilice / Terpilitsy. In April 1918 was shot.

Ibrahim / Abram Petrovich Hannibal / Hanibal (1696 - 1781), or Ибрагим Петрович Ганнибал from Kamerun. Abram / Ibrahim was the son of a ruler in Africa: possibly Chad, possibly Abyssinia. A military engineer. His wife Christina Regina Siöberg. Christina Regina Sioberg married ca. 1735 to Pushkin's ancestor Hannibal. The son of Christina and Hannibal was Osip who was an ancestor of Pushkin. Sons of Abram: Ivan Abramovich Gannibal (1735 - 1801), Osip Abramovich / Abramowitch Hanibal (1744 - 1806), Петр Абрамович Ганнибал (1742 - 1826, his son Veniamin Hannibal 1780 - 1839), Исаак Абрамович Ганнибал (1747 - 1808; his sons: Яков Исаакович Ганнибал, Павел Исаакович Ганнибал 1776 - 1841, Александр Исаакович Ганнибал, Семён Исаакович Ганнибал 1791 - 1853, Петр Исаакович Ганнибал). "Gannibal's third son (of 11) by his second marriage,
Osip Abramovich married Marya Alexeevna Pushkin, and their daughter was Pushkin's mother Nadezhda. Pushkin's father Sergei Lvovich Pushkin
came from a family of nobles whose fortunes had declined under Peter the Great. Sergei Lvovich inherited the family estates, and had the reputation of being idle ... He was also a
fluent French speaker and had a large library of French literature and philosophy,
both of which offered Pushkin a solid grounding for his later education. Pushkin's mother inherited the family estates from her father Osip..." - guest-curated for the British Library by Mike Phillips; copyright by http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery. The granddaughter of the Hannibal, known as Peter the Great's Moor and from whom the poet Pushkin was descended, was of the Greek Church.

Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel / Пётр Николаевич Врангель / Peter von Wrangel b. 1878, commanding general of the anti-bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia; After the October Revolution, Wrangel went to the Crimea and in August 1918, joined the Caucasus Army. Wrangel was born in
Mukuliai near Zarasai (Ново-Александровске / Зарасай) - ca 12 km south of the Latvia border, now Lithuania,
then part of Imperial Russia; lived in Ростов-на-Дону, with father Николай Егорович Врангель or Николай Георгиевич Врангель / Nikolai Wrangel son of Georgij Wrangel / Yegor Wrangel.
Branch of Ibrahim / Abram Petrovich Hannibal / Hanibal.

21. WRANGEL Vladimir Rakhmanov. He was born in 1864. Baron. In 1881 graduated from the Corps of Pages, 1887 Lieutenant, in 1892 the staff-captain, commander of 3rd Div. and in 1898 Captain; 1900-1901 in China. 1904 Colonel. 1910 commander of the 1st Cavalry Regiment; in 1917 Major General, the Cadet Corps. In the autumn of 1919 arrested in Saratov. September 29, 1919 the Saratov provincial Cheka sentenced and shot in Saratov.

22. WRANGEL nee Venison, Sofia Nikolaevna. Born in 1880 in St. Petersburg (father, Nikolai Olenin, State Councillor,
Marshal of the Nobility in Tver,
and his mother Vera Apollonovna Uvarov). Received education at home. Married Baron Vladimir Platonovich Wrangel, in the family son Vladimir. 1929 arrested in Leningrad. Settled in Vladimir.

23. WRANGEL Vladimir Vladimirovich. He was born in 1880. Baron (father, Baron Wrangel Vladimir Rakhmanov, Maj.-Gen.). Nephew of Baron Nicholas Platonovich Wrangel. 1930 was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in concentration camps and in 1931 sent to the Solovki prison camp. 1936 in exile in Novosibirsk.

24. WRANGEL Nikolai Rakhmanov. Born in 1860 in St. Petersburg. Baron. Baron Vladimir Platonovich brother and uncle of Vladimir Wrangel. He graduated from the Imperial Alexander Lyceum. Before the revolution, he served as a diplomat in the Foreign Ministry, and later was Councillor of State, in 1917 in retirement. Married to Louise Marselevne Wrangell. 1918 served in the industrial organizations, and then the head waiter in the restaurant Astoria; mid-1920s was arrested and exiled to Nizhny Novgorod. 1928 arrested and 1936 in exile in Novosibirsk.

25. Family WRANGEL von GYUBENTAL. WRANGEL GYUBENTAL Vladimir (Waldemar Constantine Wrangell Gubental) S.; born in 1875 in the estate Kolpino, Pustoshka County, baron (father, Baron von Wrangell Gyubental Stanislav Karlovic /
Stanislaw Wrangel Gubental son of Karl Wrangel Gubental, father in 1913 died, and his mother
Emilia Jurewicz
/ von Wrangell Gyubental Emilia, nee Jurevich). Graduated.
Married to Maria Nikolaevna von Wrangell Gyubental in the family was daughter Olga. In 1930 a resident of Moscow, was out of work. In 1937 was arrested and sentenced to shot at Butovo.

26. WRANGEL GYUBENTAL Olga. Born in 1889 in Chisinau. Baroness (father, Baron von Wrangell Gyubental Vladimir S.; mother von Wrangell Gyubental Maria N.). In 1930 was in Dagestan. In early 1938 arrested to 10 years in labor camp and sent to the camp.



Franciszka Teofila Radziwill died 1802 m. Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756 d. 1836,
his father Станіслав Солтан Stanislaw Soltan born 1698 d. 1758.

Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, d. Mitawa 1836, General, the President of the Commission of the Provisional Government of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1812. He married two times: 

Franciszka Teofila / Francis Theophilus Radziwill died 1802, her father Stanislaw Radziwill and mother Pociej Carolina, she brought to the family Soltan an estate Zdzięcioł / Zdzieciol. Second time to: 

Konstancja Toplicka - Tupalska voto Korsak in 1820 that is Constance Tupalska Toplicka - Korsak, her father Anthony. Daughters among others: Soltan Carolina b. about 1780 + Joseph Piottuch-Kublicki married ca 1800; Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 + Anthony Wankowicz b. ca 1760 - children Valerie Wankowicz, about 1800 + Constantine Tyzenhauz, Wanda Wankowicz, about 1800 + Benedict Tyszkiewicz, Clementine Wankowicz m. Mostowski.
And the next person:
Franz-Felix Kublitsky Piottukh / Franz Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piottukh / Franciszek Piottuch-Kublicki, Russian Lieutenant General; 1860 - 1920, a relative of the poet Alexander Alexandrovich Blok/ Bloc b. in St. Petersburg; Blok's mother - the daughter of the rector of St. Petersburg University, shortly after the birth of Alexander, left her husband, lawyer in Warsaw and in 1889 married a second time to the officer of the Guards F. F. Kublitski Piottuch, Catholic, in service entered September 1, 1876. In 1918-1920 he lived with his wife in St. Petersburg.
Acc. to 'genealogia.okiem.pl/soltan':
Stanislaw Soltan, b. 1756, died in 1836 Mitawa, general, wifes: Franciszka Teofila Radziwill d. 1802 from Stanislaw Radziwill and Karolina Pociej, and second wife since 1820 was Konstancja Toplicka-Tupalska Korsak from Antoni.
His children below: Karolina Soltan b. ca 1780 married Jozef Piottuch-Kublicki.
Stanislaw Soltan, 1822 - died 1897 in Anninsk, from Brzostowica Murowana in the Hrodna goverment, with wifes: Maria Dunin-Jundzill b. 1827 and Albertyna Dunin-Jundzill, b. 1837 (brothers and sisters of above Stanislaw Soltan: Helena Soltan b. 1790 m. to Franciszek Soltan b. 1780,
Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan, born 1792 in Warsaw,
and Anna Soltan, b. ca 1780 ? / 1790 m. to Antoni Wankowicz b. ca 1760).
Children of Stanislaw Soltan b. 1822: Bogdan Wiktor Soltan 1861 - 1912 married to Maria Franciszka Soltan b. 1863 (his brothers and sisters: Emilia Soltan Korsak, b. 1847 d. 1908, Stanislaw Soltan, 1848 - 1850, Helena Soltan 1849 - 1852, Adam Soltan 1851 - 1902 Brzostownica Murowana, Wiktor Wladyslaw Rudolf Pereswit-Soltan, 1853 - d. 1905 Warsaw, owner of Kraszuty)
and his daughter - Maria Emilia Soltan b. 1889 Aninsk and died 1963 m. Zdzislaw Henryk Grocholski - her daughter Maria Grocholska b. 1911 Pietniczany and died in 1940 Otrebusy.




Cryptography, ciphers, radio and telegraph in Sweden, Switzerland, Russia (Nobel, Damm, Hagelin and Schilling) in 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The Breguet Company and Edward Brown of Clerkenwell.

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz and Pushkin / Puszkin in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Estonia, Russia, Latvia.

The history of Estonia: Rehbinder 1792 in Polli - 23 km south of Viljandi; Johan Laidoner 1884 in Raja close to Vardja 2 km from Viljandi in the south; Hans Pats / Päts 1819 in Holstre 10 km south east from Viljandi; Vilms, Jüri in Kabbal / Kabala, is 7 km north-west of Pilistvere, about 30 km north of Viljandi; Koo Parish.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family in Estonia at the beginning of the 20th century - and Latvia after. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives in Estonia: Saue, Ohtu, Harku, Nomme, Saku, Uksnurme, Lehola, Tallinn and the Harjumaa district: Troubetzkoy, Sedykh from Kazan, Gernet from Estonia. The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Genealogy of the Constantinovich family 1534 - ca 1945 in Belarus, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania. Константинович - биография. History and genealogy of the Constantinovich family with relatives: Troubetzkoy, Radziwill, Piottuch-Kublicki, Sedykh from Kazan, Soltan, Oginski, Paszkowski and Kalinowski from Cracow, Zbieranowski, Zarako-Zarakowski, Malkiewicz, Armand in Moscow and Petersburg, Gernet from Estonia, Bakst, Demonet or De Monet, Dizeren, Azbelev, Holynski of 18th cent., Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo-Georgia.  The Baltic German families in Estonia: von Gernet, Rehbinder, Toll, Croy, Weiss.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, Üksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Vaikna, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

Meshonka: here lived Antoni (the first son of Dominik derived from area of Krycau and verified noble descent in the Hrodna government 1861) and his son Stanislav Konstantynowicz (born c. 1855) with wife Anna nee Malkiewicz (Malkevicius of Tarnawa arms and others, mainly in districts of Panevezys and Siauliai) came from the Dryssa ujezd (= the Werchnedwinsk district; the place Asveja) in the Government of Vicebsk;  she was near related to the families Brzezinski / Bžezinskis (Konstancja Bžezinskis / Brzezinski), Ostrowski  (from Piotr Ostrowski de Kaki in 1697; 1760 by the Czerowacz lake in Livonia) and Filipowicz (Pilipavicius or  Pilipaitis with Pobog  and Prawdzic coat of arms verified the armorial bearings in Vilna 1821: Jozef, Mateusz, Michal, Antoni, Szymon, Izydor, Benedykt and  Joachim); family of my grandfather had Georgians next of kin. 

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Ca 1800 to 1951, Miezonka - destroyed noble catholic village 1937 before 1951. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.


Konferencja naukowa 22 pazdziernika 2012 - Katastrofa Smolenska 2010. Wnioski ze sledztwa. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc szosta.

Sledztwa polskie w sprawie katastrofy samolotu rzadowego w Smolensku w 2010 roku. Wypadek lotniczy, jego przyczyny i przebieg - Smolensk 2010 rok. Czesc siodma.

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

Wrzesien 1939 roku. New!

The Breguet Company in Moscow and Petersburg.

Edward Brown of Clerkenwell owner 1870 and his sons owners (Henry Brown from London) of the Breguet Company.

Stefan Drzewiecki, Breguet and Duflon in St Petersburg. История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part one.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part two.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part three.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part four.

Photos of the Polish noble village Miezonka - genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich family in the 19th century in Russia and Belarus. Part five.


© author Bogdan Konstantynowicz

Genealogy and history of the Konstantinovich, Troubetskoy, Bagration-Gruzinski, Kalinowski, Oginski, Paszkowski, Dyuflon, Staroch Siedoch, Armand, Pociej, Radziwill and Piottuch Kublicki family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia, Estonia and Belarus.

References:  see: Fox coat of arms

История фамилии Константинович - генеалогия семьи. Genealogy and history of the Dubbelt / Dubelt, Pushkin / Puszkin, Gernet, Toll, Croy, Rehbinder, Konstantinovich / Constantinovich / Constantinowitz, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonet, Kalinowski, Trubecki / Troubetzkoy / Troubetskoj, Sedykh / Siedoch, Zarako Zarakowski / Zarakovskij, Dyuflon / Duflon, Nobel, Vernadskij, Modzelewski families in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, Alexandrovsk, Miezonka, Berezyna, Orsha, Mahileu, Mscislaw, Riga, Tallinn, Kronstadt, Viljandi, Parnu / Parnawa, Daugavpils, Harku, Saku, Nomme, Kazan).

Soviet agression in September 1939

The Red Army and Warsaw in 1939 - Warszawa

Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon

Orlov Denisov, Radzivill, Pociej, Trubetskoy, Bagrationi, Siedych, Wittgenstein, Armand, Paszkowski, Demonets, Konstantinovich and Duflon families in Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Belarus.

Завод Дюфлон, Константинович и Ко. - Dyuflon / Duflon / Dufflon and Konstantynowicz - Deka Company in St Petersburg 1892 - 1918, Moscow and Zaporoze 1907 - 1918

Berezyna

Bartosz Paprocki of 1578 and 1584 

Kojalowicz of 1648 

"The Armorial of many houses in (...) the Grand duchy of Lithuania" by S. J. Dunczewski, edited in 1757 

Pogon Pahonia"The Armorial of the Orsa area" of 1775 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Vilkmerge district" of 1795 

"The Inventory of nobility of the Dzisna district" 1796 

an armorial by Jan Dworzecki - Bohdanowicz   and   "The List of nobility of the Vilna district (...)" 1809  

"The Record of rental (...) nobility from the Barysau district" of 1812 

"The Inventory of nobility in the Lida district" of 1855 

Stanislaw count Mieroszowski  (Stanislaw count Grocyn pseudonym, 1827 - 1900 or Jan Stanislaw Mieroszowski),  "(...) about Polish heraldry",  Cracow 1887 

N. Szaposznikow, "Heraldica"   and  "The List of landowners of the Minsk government" 1899 

Duflon Company, Miezonka and 'Nadberezyncy' - new maps

Nadberezyncy, Florian Czarnyszewicz. New map south of Miezonka.

a manuscript of armorial by Boleslaw Starzynski  and an armorial by Leszczyc of 1908 / 13  

Jerzy count Dunin - Borkowski of 1909 

Uruski of 1910 

Andrzej Zajaczkowski, "Polish nobility", edit. by "Semper" 1993 

Jan Ciechanowicz, "Knightly ancestries (...)", vol. 1 - 5, edit. Rzeszow 2001.

The Baikal Insurrection in Siberia 1866

Smolensk 10 kwietnia 2010 katastrofa samolotu

Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz, Trubetzkoy / Troubetskoy / Trubecki, Orlov-Denisov / Orlow Denisow, Bagrationi / Bagration-Gruzinski / Bagration Gruzinsky, Pashkovsky / Paszkowski, Duflon / Dyuflon, Siedych / Sedoch / Staroch-Siedoch, Armand, Demonets / Demonet in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia

Bagration-Gruzinski and Mukhrani from Sakartvelo / Georgia. Troubetzkoy / Trubeckoj, Katenin, Orlov-Denissov and Martynov from Russia.

Von Gernet (Gern), Croy (Krey), Weiss, Toll, Rehbinder / Rebinder, Steinberg - the Baltic German nobility from Estland / Estonia, Livland / Latvia and St Petersburg in Russia of the 19th century. Tallinn/ Reval, Nomme, Harku, Saku, Üksnurme, Lehhola / Lehola, Parnu / Parnawa, Dorpat / Tartu and Viljandi / Fellin in Estonia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Wernadski, Modzelewski and Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family in the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia.

История фамилии Константинович. Genealogy and history of the Kanstancinovič / Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz family 1917 - 1918 in Russia.

Bogdan Konstantynowicz, History of the lineage from Lithuania as compiled by Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Includes the surnames Malkiewicz, Zbieranowski, Szostak, Brzezinski and Zarakowski. 2003 / 2010

The noble Konstantynowicz family in new Poland 1945 - 2013.


COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ 

September 2008 / 04 June 2014

These all papers are sold subjects to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold,  any public performances,  hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of  binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Works registered or first published in the U.S. after 2002 - copyright term: 70 years after the death of author. Copyright law in the United States is part of federal law, and is authorized by the U.S. Constitution; copyright law is granted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, also known as the Copyright Clause; The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, found at 17 U.S.C. § 512 ('DMCA'), provides recourse for owners of copyrighted materials who believe that their rights under United States copyright law have been infringed upon on the Internet.  Warning:  these papers / all websites are sold for  private home use only.  

© All rights reserved. No part of all these  works covered by  copyright  hereon may be reproduced in any form or by  any  means - graphic,  electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying,  recording, downloading,  uploading, taping, or storage in an information  retrieval system, without the  prior written permission of the copyright owner  - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz.  

Interesting websites:

www.ornatowski.com/board/

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"The extent of the funds that the Germans invested in Russia during these critical months is revealed clearly in an analysis of the Foreign Office budget for propaganda and special purposes in various countries that is among the department's secret files that were opened after the Second World War. Under a covering note dated February 5, 1918, it indicates that the funds allocated for use in Russia amounted to 40,580,997 marks, of which 26,566,122 marks had actually been spent by January 31, 1918. Of this, according to other documents in the files, 15,000,000 marks were released by the Treasury the day after Lenin assumed power in November. This means that 11,500,000 were invested in Russia before November. By any standard, this 11,500,000 was a colossal outlay for propaganda. In 1917, at current exchange rates, it was the equivalent of more than $2,000,000 or nearly 600,000 sterling. It would be useful for comparison purposes to convert these sums to modern values but it is hard to find an adequate basis. One writer,[4] after discussion with a German currency expert, has valued 1 mark in 1917 at 40 modern Deutschmarks which would put the expenditure at a fantastic $130,000,000 or 60,000,000 sterling. But even if a more conservative estimate is used, one that assumed, for example, that $10 today would buy what $1 could purchase in 1917, it would still reflect an enormous expenditure for promotion".

Lenin's funds in Russia and the German military intelligence service - part 2: Alexander = Helphand vel Parvus (from Berezyna / Berezino) and also Hanecki and Mecheslav Yulevich Kozlovsky (Mieczyslaw Kozlowski son of Julian, a Bolshevik attorney, died in 1927, was described as the chief recipient of the German money that was transferred from Berlin through the Diskonto-Gesellschaft to the Stockholm Nya Banken and thence to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd) had been working for Parvus, Sklarz in Berlin, Karinsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin, Radek, and Vorovsky; Eugenia Mavrikievna Sumenson (Eugenia daughter of Maurycy, a woman relative of Hanecki), Svenson vel Hans Steinwachs, Alexinsky.

http://www.nara.gov/

Michael Pearson : The Sealed Train

Stefan T. Possony : Lenin : The Compulsive Revolutionary. Chicago 1964: "General Bonch-Bruyevich was close to leading generals who, in 1917, were instrumental in engineering the abdication of the Tsar. Certainly influenced by his Bolshevik brother, he contributed much to the poor military planning. Some of the spies who operated around the Minister of War (who himself may have been maneuvered by the Germans) later participated in revolutionizing and, in a concealed fashion, in the German operation with Lenin. ... Some of the salient events are described by W. K. Korostowetz, Lenin im Hause der ... (Berlin : Kulturpolitik, 1928), esp. Chapters VII and VIII: and Mikhail D. Bonch-Bruyevich, Petrograd, Erinnerungen eines Generals (Berlin : Verlag des Ministeriums fur nationale Verteidigung, 1959), Ch. 5-9. Korostowetz was an official of the Petrograd Foreign Office and specialized in communications intelligence. He was related to many high-ranking officials and aristocrats, and his information is, on the whole, dependable. General Bonch-Bruyevich, brother of Lenin's comrade, had many counter-intelligence assignments. A liberal during the war, he later joined the Bolsheviks and became something like the premier soldier of the Red army. The information by the two authors is largely corroborative".

"From Berlin, Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in touch with Alexander Israel Helphand ... Parvus, who was located in Copenhagen. Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg, a Pole descended from a wealthy family ... alias, Ganetsky / Hanecki. And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin." "In early 1918 Edgar Sisson, the Petrograd representative of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, bought a batch of Russian documents purporting to prove that Trotsky, Lenin, and the other Bolshevik revolutionaries were not only in the pay of, but also agents of, the German government. These documents, ... were shipped to the United States ... In Washington, D.C. they were submitted to the National Board for Historical Service for authentication. Two prominent historians, J. Franklin Jameson and Samuel N. Harper, testified to their genuineness. ... The Sisson Documents were published by the Committee on Public Information, whose chairman was George Creel ... The American press in general accepted the documents as authentic. The notable exception was the New York Evening Post, at that time owned by Thomas W. Lamont, a partner in the Morgan firm. ... That the documents are forgeries is the conclusion of an exhaustive study by George Kennan and of studies made in the 1920s by the British government. Some documents were based on authentic information and, as Kennan observes, those who forged them certainly had access to some unusually good information. For example, Documents 1, 54, 61, and 67 mention that the Nya Banken in Stockholm served as the conduit for Bolshevik funds from Germany. This conduit has been confirmed in more reliable sources. Documents 54, 63, and 64 mention Furstenberg as the banker-intermediary between the Germans and the Bolshevists; Furstenberg's name appears elsewhere in authentic documents. Sisson's Document 54 mentions Olof Aschberg, and Olof Aschberg by his own statements was the 'Bolshevik Banker'. Aschberg in 1917 was the director of Nya Banken. Other documents in the Sisson series list names and institutions, such as the German Naptha-Industrial Bank, the Disconto Gesellschaft, and Max Warburg, the Hamburg banker ...".

genealog.toplista.pl

http://www.CyndisList.com/whatsnew.htm

"On November 7 at 10:45 P.M. the Second All-Russian Soviet Congress was called to order while the winter palace still was under siege. The opening of the session was delayed to provide Lenin time to speak. Since Lenin's opponents had left the soviet, the Bolsheviks functioned as the majority party. ... The Presidium consisted of fourteen Bolsheviks and seven left Social Revolutionaries who occupied the seats vacated by right Social Revolutionaries. The Kronstadt sailors who participated in the coup were mostly left Social Revolutionaries and anarchists. The left-wing Mensheviks also sat in this rump congress along with a single Ukrainian socialist. Lenin could have made his victory appearance by three in the morning after the fall of the palace, but he did not appear. Lenin was too exhausted. He went to the home of Bonch-Bruyevich, could not fall asleep, and worked on the land decree.(1) The soviet waited until six o'clock and then adjourned. Later in the morning Lenin delivered his victory speech".

"A strange incident occurred when the Bolsheviks pulled into the Stockholm station. A series of meetings took place between Lenin and Parvus with Radek serving as intermediary. Professor Richard Pipes describes it: 'Parvus was one of those who awaited them there (at Stockholm). He asked to meet with Lenin, but the cautious Bolshevik leader refused and passed him on to Radek. Radek spent a good part of April 13 with Parvus. What transpired between them is not known. When they parted, Parvus dashed off to Berlin. On April 20, he met in private with the German State Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman. This encounter also left no record.' This might explain why Lenin underwent a radical transformation with regard to his revolutionary strategy at some point during the journey. Just hours before leaving, Lenin told Swiss workers that 'Russia is a peasant country. It is one of the most backward of European countries. Socialism cannot triumph there immediately'. Upon his arrival in Petersburg however, Lenin shocked his listeners by declaring that a period of bourgeois democracy was no longer necessary but that Russia could move right into full Socialism, that is, dictatorship of the proletariat. 'We don't need a bourgeois democracy,' he declared to gasps from the audience. 'We don't need any government except the Soviet'."

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