The First Polish Corps in Belarus 1917

I search for all information about the village MIEZONKA where my grandfather was born on 23 April 1898 either 1897 or 23 April 1900; Belarus now, the Bjalynicy (= Belynichi) region in the Mahileu (= the Mogilev province) "oblast"; the village is situated among grand forest and southwards was big marsh - Miezonka was at a territory of enormous estates the Radziwilles before A.D. 1840;

the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party conducted a contraband of weapon from Russia to Austria - Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century keeping in touch with Josef Pilsudski (b. 1867) and that track led out of Petersburg among other things across Miezonka and Lodz (the Tuvim street) in the direction to Galicia; a family of ANDRZEJAK from Lodz involved in this activity occupied quarters in Miezonka (among other things) all over the first World War and thus they became technolators of aviation and the basis of the amateurish movement of aviation sports in Lodz after 1920;

the Polish school of Berazino precinct was here in 1918 under German occupation

(others Polish schools in this constabulary in 1918 with following of the Germans: Cerven, Poticzolo near to Cerven, Pieczyszcze, Tadulicze and Stara Droga near to Ljady, Malinnik and Nowinki near to Chutar, Raczyborek and Wysoka Gora near to Bahusevicy, Berazino, Wiazyczyn, Ravanicy, Bieliszczany, Bryjelow and Hajduk Sloboda - NW of Berazino, Rubiez, Studzienka and Wasilewszczyzna - the east of Berazino, Zukowiec by Bjarezina = the Berezyna river);

farm - houses in Borovina and Miezonka estates were burned down and sequestered by the Soviets in the second half of November 1918 (Lenin in agreement with Germany occupied Belarus since 14.11.1918) and many perished. Displacement at Ural and Siberia (the governments of Perm and Omsk) from here in winter 1928/29; the Roman Catholic chapel was in the village on the German map of 1941.

Polish troops achieved the Bjarezina river, north of Berazino, on August 19th, 1919 and conquered Berazino on August 20th, 1919 when Poland was fighting with the Bolsheviks in defense of its independence 1919 - 1920

(during the war of liberty, Polish army achieved for example: Barysau on 19/20th, Bahusevicy on August 19th, 1919; Svislac by the Bjarezina river on August 20/21st, Babrujsk on August 28th, Jasen' station near by Babrujsk on August 23rd, 1919).

Curiosity: Izrael Gelfond or Aleksander Izrael Lazariewicz Helphand, Alexander Israel Helphant i.e. Alexander Parvus was born in Berezino, the Minsk government in 1867, he was revolutionary, friend of Lejb Bronstein (i.e. Lew Trocki) and acted together in Petersburg A.D. 1905; Parvus served for the intelligence service of imperial German Army as some write and "produced" money to Lenin.

Comment, references and notes on heros - top officers in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus 1917 - 1918 and about others Poles from tsarist army:

1. top officers in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus:	Anders Wladyslaw, b. 1892, he studied at poly in Riga, tsarist staff officer of cavalry since June 1914; commander in 1st cavalry regiment, next chief of General Staff of the 1st Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since Autumn 1917 till May 1918; d. 1970.	Bernatowicz Alexander, doc., Russian General, b. in the Vilna government 1855, he studied in Kiev and Petersburg; General doctor of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since 1917 till May 1918; acted in Minsk in June 1918 and was commander of the "Society of Polish Military Self - defence"; acted in the "Self - defence of Lithuania and White Russsia" since October 28th, 1918; served in Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division since December 1918 (next in the 1st Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division till spring 1919).
Bielinski Adam J., b. in Dymki estate in the Minsk government in 1868, Russian colonel of cavalry; military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918: commander of the Cavalry Officer Legion since December 1917 (consulted with Gen. Dowbor Musnicki about Officer Legion at the beginning of 1918) and next chief of Mobilization Department in Minsk (vide Gen. Suryn); secret commandant of Minsk since January 12th, 1918 (after sending of Polish officers from Minsk to Babrujsk, Rahacou and Cyrvony Berah / Krasny Brzeg in the Babrujsk district, property of the Korzeniewski family and also of Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski, and not west of Novy Bychau) till February 1918. Military service in Poland since November 1918.	Billewicz Leon, b. in Volhynia 1870, tsarist colonel, 1917: military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus (commander of the 6th shot regiment and also commanded a Polish patriotic parade in Babrujsk on May 03rd, 1918 because the society announced here the first Polish capital after partitions) and next in Polish Army since November 1918.	Bohusz - Szyszko Jakub K., b. 1855, Russian colonel; he organized the 3rd Polish Corps in 1917 and next commander of the 1st reserve regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus and also the 5th shot regiment; one of commandants during a march of the 3rd Division of Rifles and part of the Reserve Brigade over Dnjapro, near by Rahacou, to the Babrujsk region in February 1918 - commanded Lieutenant-General Iwaszkiewicz; next military service in Babrujsk since May till July 1918; served in Poland since November 1918.
Bojarski de Bojary Czarnota Bronislaw, b. 1853, served in Russian Army as General, military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since 1917 till May 1918; reserve of Polish Army in December 1918.	Bolewski, colonel of Russian Army, military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus 1918: carried out duties of chief of the 1st Polish Corps General Staff in Babrujsk on May 21st, 1918.	Borodzicz, colonel of Russian Army, probably military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus 1917 - 1918 and next acted in the "Union of Polish Military of Vilna" in October 1918; he was commander of the "Military Units of the Self - defence of Lithuania and Belarus" since November 26th, 1918 - Gen. Wejtko was his superior, and as early as November 24th, 1918 Polish Military Organization in Vilna subordinated to Gen. Wejtko. After January 1919 his lots aren't known.
Dabrowski Alexander A., b. 1870, tsarist colonel, after revolution military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since January 1918 till May 1918; 1919 - 1922 ?, but as Polish General in 1919.	Dowbor Musnicki Jozef, b. 1867, tsarist Lieutenant-General; served in Manchuria 1904 - 1905; commander of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since the beginning of July or August 06th, 1917 until May 22th, 1918 / c. July 08th, 1918 in Babrujsk; friend of Gen. Brusilov, but also he had enemies: Alexander Kerensky, Gen. Romanowski and Gen. Lukomski in 1917. He had given an order about conquest of Royal Castle in Warsaw on November 10th, 1918. He published memoirs in Warsaw at a later date and died in 1937.	Drucki - Lubecki Konstanty M. J., b. in Porochonsk in Palesse in 1893, duke, tsarist lieutenant and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till March 1918: served in cavalry troop of captain K. Plisowski on the march from Odessa to Babrujsk; military service in the 3rd regiment of cavalry in the Corps since March - till May 1918. Polish Army since January 1919.
Duch Bronislaw B., b. 1896, Austrian lieutenant and for a short time in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus and next in Kiev and Moscow in 1918.	Dunin - Slepsc, tsarist colonel; 1917 ?; military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: Officer Commanding of the 8th regiment of rifles; fought and died at Bolshevik hands, probably in February 1918 according to Olechowski.	Dziewulski - Rawicz Stanislaw, b. 1869, colonel of Russian Army (cavalry) and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till May 1918: O. C. of the Chivalrous Legion of Cavalry. Polish Army since November 1918.
Frej Boleslaw, b. in Klimowice in the Mahileu government in 1873; tsarist colonel and next he was Officer Commanding of battalion in the Brigade of Polish Rifles (Russian Army) since December 1915, and after also O. C. of regiment in Division of Polish Rifles (next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?) until May 1918. He served in Poland since December 1918.	Habich, colonel of Russian Army until autumn 1917 and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 (in Minsk): O. C. of Chivalrous Legion (before him Lieutenant-General Suryn) 300 strong; and next he was O. C. of the 2nd Artillery Legion in the 2nd Division of Rifles (in the 6th regiment) since January 09th, 1918; on January 12th, 1918 unit 60 strong with Habich went out from Minsk to Babrujsk; he was O. C. of Chivalrous Legion in Babrujsk after April 20th, 1918 (second in command, colonel Chrominski, and chief of office, colonel Zaleski); demobilization of the Chivalrous Legion at the end of June 1918, and all signes, ensignes, banners and emblems were secured in Babrujsk on June 20th, 1918.	Hejdukiewicz Edward G., b. in Minsk 1868, colonel of Russian Army; commander of the 3rd regiment of rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918; next in Polish Self - Defence in Odessa and served in the 4th Division of Rifles. Polish Army since June 1919.
Hubicki Stefan B. J., b. 1877, arrested by Russians but next served in tsarist Army as doctor; military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917; member of Polish Military Organization and therefore he had gone out to Paris (1918).	Iwaszkiewicz - Rudoszanski Waclaw, tsarist Brigadier - General, b. in Omsk 1871, acted in Polish organizations in Petrograd in September 1917; commandant of the 3rd Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 or February 1918 till May 1918 (from hands of Gen. Lesniewski) that stationed in the Smolensk region and next in Belarus; commandant of the Lithuanian - Byelorussian voluntary Division since November 28th, 1918 (arrival to Zambrow on December 16th, 1918) till March 11th, 1919; died November 25th, 1922 in Warsaw.	Jacyna - Jatelnicki Boleslaw M., b. in Volhynia 1890, Russian captain and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since August 1917 till January 1918 as commandant of Ensigns School and commander of that Legion after; military service in Polish Units of the Council of Regency since July 1918 till November 1918 as O. C. of the 3rd regiment. Military service in Polish Army since January 1919.

Jasienski Roman R., b. in Vilna 1875, tsarist colonel; after revolution he acted in Polish military organization in Petrograd, and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; he had arrested by Bolsheviks but escaped to Kiev and from here to Congress Poland; fought in Lvov in November 1918.	Jasinski Albin M., b. 1880, tsarist colonel, member of Polish secret military organizations in Russia 1917/1918 and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus: Officer Commanding of the 9th regiment of rifles since December 1917 till June 1918. He was killed in Minsk circa September 18th, 1939 according to Kunert.	Jastrzebski Jerzy J., b. 1895, Russian cavalry officer till revolution and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; at a later date he served in Polish Siberian Division until 1919.
Jastrzebski Tadeusz S. F., b. in Volhynia 1877, tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till February 1918: O. C. of the 2nd or 3rd Troop of Artillery; commandant of Artillery School in Babrujsk since March till July 1918. August - December 1918 ? Military service in Polish Army since January 1919.	Jazwinski Boleslaw, b. in the Hrodna government in 1882; tsarist colonel until the end of 1917 (organizer of engineering regiments in different Polish units since April 1917 and in the 1st Corps until February 1918) and next he served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: he commanded the 1st engineering regiment in January 1918 and fought about conquest of Babrujsk stronghold at the turn of February 1918; he was head of the stronghold in March 1918 and again in May 1918. Officer Commanding of the 2nd Division of Polish Rifles since March 1918 till May 1918. June - October 1918 ?; military service in Poland since November 1918.	Kaczynski Antoni, b. 1874, Russian Brigadier - General, inspector of artillery of Polish units, and served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; military service in Polish Army since November 1918.
Kapusta, priest dean, served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: the 2nd Division of Rifles, as colonel e.g. during the 3rd May holiday in Babrujsk 1918.	Kardaszewicz Kazimierz, b. 1855, studied in Moscow, military service in Russian Army as Brigadier - General and next he served in General Staff of the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since February 1918 till April 1918; after he was chief doctor of the 1st Polish Corps hospital in Babrujsk since May 1918 till July 1918.	Karnicki Alexander, b. 1869, Lieutenant-General of tsarist Army; second in command of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since February till May 1918 (e.g. he arrived to Gen. Michaelis and Gen. Stankiewicz on March 15th, 1918, and also he was talking about capitulation with Germans in Minsk on May 21st, 1918); commenced military service in Polish Army since January 1919.
Kedzierski Anatol, b. 1880, colonel of Russian Army (artillery) and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since August 1917 till May 1918: commandant of artillery troop and next O. C. of the 3rd Artillery Brigade in the Corps.	Kessler Edmund, b. 1880, tsarist colonel, Russian staff officer and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: staff officer in General Headquarters of the 3rd Division of Rifles in December 1917 and next chief of General Staff of the 3rd Division since May 1918 till July 1918. Chief of General Staff of Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division in Zambrow since December 1918.	Kobordo, tsarist colonel and next he served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: fightings over Rahacou by Dnjapro in February 1918; next he commanded Polish troops in Minsk (units of the Self - defence of Lithuania and White Russia) since October 28th, 1918 till December 12th, 1918; second in command (he deputized for Gen. Wejtko) in Belarus and next military service in Polish Army since (circa) February 1919.
Kobylecki Jozef, b. 1894, tsarist lieutenant and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918; at a later date military service in Poland since November 1918.	Konarzewski Daniel, b. in Petersburg 1871, tsarist colonel of guards, lawyer after completion of studies in Petersburg; commander of the 1st Officer Legion and next chief of brigade in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918. The 1st Officer Legion incorporated on January 09th, 1918 to the 1st Division of Rifles which had gone from Old Bychau to Rahacou / Rachacou, and officers had got to go off from Minsk to Rahacou 120 strong; the 1st Officer Legion stayed in Rahacou for March and April 1918, and - since April 20th, 1918 - in Babrujsk. The 1st and 2nd Legions joined together as a Chivalrous Legion under command of colonel Habich at the end of April 1918; here served captain Wrzalinski, colonel Labuc, lieutenant Minkiewicz, captain Szelagowski et alii. Data are lacking about Konarzewski since June till December 1918. He commenced military service in Polish Army since January 1919 (the Poznan province).	Kopanski Stanislaw, b. in Petersburg 1895, eng., lieutenant of tsarist Army, after completion of study in Petersburg in 1915, he served in Russian cavalry; after revolution military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: the 3rd cavalry regiment and next the 2nd cavalry troop of artillery (1918); he served in Polish Army since November 1918.
Krejczman Boleslaw, b. ?, Russian Brigadier - General and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; at a later date in the Self - Defence of the Minsk province (Minsk and Vilna); he was next second in command of the Military District of Lithuania and Belarus in 1918 - 1919; died in Warsaw in February 1919.	Kubiak, tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: he negotiated with Bolsheviks (526 "red" regiment) in Babrujsk on January 28th, 1918.	Kuczewski Adolf Jan, b. in Minsk 1866; tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since August 1917 until May 1918: commander of the Infantry Brigade in the 3rd Division of Polish Rifles. Military service in Polish Army since November 1918 (Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division).
Kuryllo, tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: he organized an attack and had conquered the Babrujsk stronghold on January 21st, 1918; next he was commander of the 6th infantry regiment that was stationed at Parchinkowicze and in Babrujsk; commandant over all Polish units in the stronghold and also the 7th infantry regiment in Dworzec near by Babrujsk on January 23rd, 1918. After 1919 ?	Lempicki Zygmunt L., b. 1867, Russian cavalry colonel, commander of the 3rd cavalry regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till February 1918 and next he was commander of Brigade and also Division of Cavalry in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since February 1918. Polish Army since November 1918.	Lesniewski Jozef K., b. in Poznajow estate in the Vicebsk government in 1867, Brigadier - General of Russian Army; commander of the 3rd Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since June 1917 until February 1918 and next he organized the 3rd Polish Corps in Russia since February till May 1918. At a later date he fought near by Lwow in December 1918.
Lossowski Hipolit, b. in Novgorod - Seversky in Russia 1880, tsarist pilot and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: organizer of air force in the 1st white Polish Corps since October 1917 till May 1918. Polish General 1925.	Macewicz Gustaw, b. in Prussy estate in the Kiev government; tsarist colonel and pilot, served in Russian air force and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: organizer - with Lossowski - of air force in the White Corps since November 1917 till May 1918. Military service in Poland since November 1918. His wife Katarzyna nee Jampolski related to state prosecutor (before 1917) Baranowski from Kiev.	Maciejewski, tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: commander of the 5th infantry regiment and died in fighting in February (?) 1918 - the Minsk government. Comment: the commandant ("ataman") of the Trans - Baikal Cossacks, General Matzievski (i.e. Maciejewski), was promoted to Major-General in 1900.
Malewicz, colonel of Russian Army until 1917, next in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus: served in Babrujsk as commandant of artillery in the middle of January 1918 and after he was commandant of Polish railway station close to Orsa in March 1918; inspector of artillery in the 1st Corps and he was stationed then in May 1918 at Babrujsk stronghold. Next he served in Polish Army since 1919 till only 1921, e.g.: commandant of Modlin stronghold until the twelfth of August 1920 - after him Gen. Szamota, and also military service in an automobile units.	Malewski Bronislaw, b. in Kutaisi, Georgia / Sakartvelo in 1874, studied in Petersburg and Moscow, doc. and Russian colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: as chief doctor since October 1917 till May 1918. Military service in Polish Army since December 1918.	Malewski Jozef G., doc., b. 1875, Russian colonel or General; in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since February 1918 till April 1918; May 1918 ?; military service in Congress Poland since June 1918 until November 1918 under a Council of Regency. Polish Army since November 1918.
Malinowski, tsarist colonel probably and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in May 1918. He stayed in Minsk in June 1918 and organized "Society of Self - defence of the Military from ex - Corps". After autumn 1918 ?	Marcinkiewicz Dominik or Dunin - Marcinkiewicz, b. in Navahrudak in 1868; tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since September 1917 till February 1918 as commander of the 7th regiment of rifles and stayed in Babrujsk with his units on February 01st, 1918. Commandant of infantry regiment in Symbirsk since February 1918 till November 1918; commander of the 2nd regiment of rifles in Siberia since November 1918 till January 1919. He was after second in command (deputy of Polish General Officer Commanding) at the East Russia since January 1919 until January 1920; P. O. W. since January 1920 till January 1921. Military service in Poland since October 1921.	Medwadowski Jan A. F., b. 1871, served in Russian artillery as colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917; after in the Army of Admiral Kolchak; served in Siberia since May 1919 until January 1920: commander of the 5th Division of Polish Rifles (Tajga - Krasnoyarsk); P. O. W. since January 1920 till January 1921. Military service in Polish Army since June 1921.
Mikulicz - Radecki Witold M., b. in Volhynia 1891, tsarist officer of cavalry and next he had attached to the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus with own troop; A. D. C. of Com. of the 1st Polish Corps since February 1918 till June 1918. 1919 ?	Milewski Michal P., b. 1876, tsarist colonel of infantry and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918: second in command and next O. C. of the 4th regiment of rifles. Military service in Polish Army since November 1918.	Mokrzecki Adam W. F., b. in Dzitryki estate near by Lida in 1856; tsarist General and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: as General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Division of Rifles since March 1918 till May 1918; next he acted in Lida - November 1918; in the month also, he commanded the 2nd Group of the Self - defence in the Vilna government; commandant of Vilna since December 1918 till January 1919 and fought against troops of Bolsheviks. Military service in the Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division since March 1919; vide also Stefan Mokrzecki.
Moscicki, colonel of Russian Army and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: commandant of the 1st regiment of cavalry; died in the Sluck region during a mission from Babrujsk to a Council of Regency in February 1918.	Niemira Rudolf, b. in Svencionys in 1886, Russian captain and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918: served in artillery and commandant of an artillery troop.	Niewiarowski Antoni, b. 1874, served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: chaplain of the 3rd Division of Rifles; colonel then ?
Obuch - Woszczatynski, tsarist colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: officer of artillery according to Olechowski (ed. 1919); he fought about conquest of Babrujsk stronghold in January 1918 and stayed in Babrujsk on January 26th, 1918; he negotiated with Bolsheviks in Babrujsk on January 28th, 1918 and next was stationed at Bircza and Rahacou. After 1919 ?	Odyniec Wincenty, b. in Litwinkow estate in the Minsk government in 1865; Brigadier - General of Russian Army, commander of the 1st Brigade of Rifles since April till June 1918 and next temporary commandant of the 1st Division of Polish Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in June 1918; military service in Polish Army since December 1918.	Olszewski, served in Russian Army as colonel; and next in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?, e.g. May 03rd, 1918 in Babrujsk.
Osikowski Mikolaj I., tsarist colonel; b. 1873, served in infantry; 1917 - 1918 (probably in the Polish Corps in Belarus) ? and since December 1918 military service in France; 1919 came back to Poland (next as General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division since November 22nd, 1919 until April 1921 and also since September 1921 till July 31st, 1923).	Ostapowicz Gustaw, b. in the Hrodna government in 1863, Brigadier - General of Russian Army and next commandant of the 1st Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since August 06th, 1917 or July 1917 till May 1918; chief of "Polish Military Mission in the East" since November 1918 till March 1919.	Ostrowski Franciszek K., b. in Ekaterinograd in south Russia in 1866; served in Russian infantry as colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since September 1917: as commander of the 3rd regiment of rifles and next commandant of the 1st infantry regiment till May 1918; commandant of the Self - defence of Suwalki Land since November 1918 until March 1919; military service in Polish Army since March 1919.

Pajewski Alexander, b. 1879, tsarist captain of cavalry, and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since April 1917 till May 1918: Officer Commanding of troop in a cavalry Polish Regiment (after as the 1st regiment of cavalry).	Paszkiewicz Gustaw, b. near by Lida in 1892, Russian colonel of infantry and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 - till May 1918: commander of unit in the 3rd regiment of rifles; next he was commandant of Rahacou till May 1918.	Pawlowski, tsarist General, served in Russian Army till 1917 and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?: the Brigade in Dorohobuz since January 1918 as General Officer Commanding of Brigade; a march to Jelnia station in February 1918 (the Smolensk government) but after March 1918 all data are lacking.
Perkowicz Edward, b. in Berezovka near by Kursk in 1886, tsarist officer, after revolution he acted in the Union of Polish Military and next in the 1st regiment of rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; military service in Polish Army since November 1918 and at a later date colonel Perkowicz fought against the Soviet army in the Wilno province 1939; emigrated to Argentine c. 1948, d. in Brazil.	Plawski Kazimierz F., b. 1877, eng., colonel in Russian Army; he served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since September 1917; tough fightings against the Reds in February 1918 and at a later date he acted in Polish Army since November 1918.	Plisowski Konstanty, b. in Podolia 1890, tsarist Capt., he organised Polish white troops in Odessa 1917/1918 and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since March 03rd, 1918 - August 1918 in the 3rd Polish regiment of cavalry; major in Polish white troops in Krasnodar region by Kuban river since September 08th, 1918 till January 1919; killed in Starobielsk 1940.
Podhorski Zygmunt, b. in Ukraine 1891, eng., tsarist lieutenant and served in Russian cavalry, next served in Polish troops in Belarus (in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus) since March 1917 until July 1918: the 1st Regiment of Cavalry. Polish Army - November 1918. In September 1939 he fought against the Soviet Army mainly, till October 06th, 1939.	Poniatowski Mieczyslaw, b. in the Navahrudak region in 1867, tsarist colonel, military service in the 3rd Polish regiment of rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918, and next military service in Polish Army since November 1918; general 1919.	Porzecki Jozef, b. 1870, tsarist colonel; military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since January till May 1918; Polish general 1919.
Powierza Wladyslaw P., b. 1891, tsarist captain, military service in Russian Army during the First world war; he served in the 3rd Division of Polish Rifles of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus under Gen. Dowbor Musnicki since November 1917; in General Staff of Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division since November 1918 till April 1919; d. 1975.	Przewlocki Marian R., b. 1888, tsarist major of cavalry, served in General Staff of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 and next chief of the Cavalry Division staff in the Corps till July 1918; after acted in Lodz in December 1918; at a later date on September 14th, 1939 had left Lublin and made his way to Lwow, the Soviet captivity.	Przezdziecki Waclaw J., b. 1883, he had taken a degree in Kharkov and was tsarist captain; commandant of the Babrujsk stronghold since February 1918; next chief of General Staff in the 2nd Division of Polish Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus and again commandant of Babrujsk in May 1918; military service in General Staff of Polish Army in Warsaw since November 1918; general 1927; at a later date he was commandant of the "Vaukavysk Group" since September 14th, 1939 and he had taken over command in Hrodna / Grodno on September 21st, 1939 from colonel "Siedlecki"; d. 1964.
Radziwillowicz or Radwillowicz Kazimierz P., b. 1874 in Kirsanow, Russia; tsarist colonel and next commander of mortars troops in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918; after he acted in Vilna, in the Union of Polish Military of Vilna, October and November 1918; December 1918 - May 1919 ?; next military service as general in voluntary Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division; served in Central Lithuania since October 1920 till November 1921.	Regulski Bronislaw, b. 1886, study in France, eng., Russian officer, in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till May 1918 (served in General Headquarters in Babrujsk, Intelligence Officer at that time); military service in Poland since November 1918; killed 1961.	Rodziewicz Eugeniusz, b. in Georgia 1872, Russian colonel; commandant of a troop of mortars and next Officer Commanding of the 1st Artillery Brigade in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since September 1917 till May 1918; military service in Poland since November 1918.
Rodziewicz, captain in Russian Army, in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since February 1918 (the 2nd Officer Legion in Babrujsk and participant in battle of Puckowicze station on February 24th, 1918); after ?	Rumsza Kazimierz, colonel, military service in Russian Army, and next in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till August 1918: the 3rd regiment of rifles (i.e. shots); next in the 1st Kosciuszko regiment in East Russia in August - November 1918 and after in Siberia (since November 1918 until January 1920) as Polish colonel in Irkutsk and in Manchuria (Harbin).	Rzadkowski Jan, b. 1860, Russian colonel; commander of the Pulavy Legion 1915; military service in the Brigade of Polish Rifles in Russia: October 1915 - February 1917; next he was in command of the Division of Polish Rifles (i.e. Shots): February - September 1917; second in command of the 2nd Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since September 1917 until ?; military service in Polish Army since November 08th, 1918.
Sarnecki Jozef, eng., born in Kielkovshchyzna estate near by Minsk in Belarus; Russian lieutenant of cavalry, military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 until May 1918 in artillery; in Polish Army since November 1918 as captain; d. 1980. His ancestry related to Zbieranowski family.	Siestrzencewicz Boleslaw, b. 1869, tsarist colonel; after revolution he served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus and next came to Poland in January 1919.	Skapski Konstanty Z., tsarist lieutenant, b. 1894; he served in the 1st engineering regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus; Polish Army since November 1918.
Skuratowicz Piotr, Russian officer of cavalry, b. 1891 in Minsk, Belarus; served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till May 1918; at a later date he commanded in Dubno and next fought against Soviet troops during September 1939, killed in Starobielsk 1940.	Slaski Eugeniusz, b. in Taduliszki, the Vicebsk government in 1873, Russian colonel, served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918 (the 5th regiment of rifles and next in the 2nd cavalry regiment).	Strzemienski or Strzeminski Stefan M., b. 1885, captain in Russian cavalry, commander of the 3rd cavalry regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 until August 1918, served in Polish Army since November 1918; at a later date he fought against Soviet troops as commander of "Dubno" Group in September 1939.
Suryn - Massalski Stanislaw or Suryn, b. 1858, lieutenant - general of Russian Army till 1917; general Suryn was chief of Polish mobilization department in Petrograd in 1917 ("NACZPOL"), and after him - colonel Bielinski. At the end of 1917 and in 1918 he served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus: inspector of the Officer Legions in Minsk since January 07th, 1918 (after him colonel Habich according to Baginski); stayed in Lodz in November 1918 and he was in command an action of seizure of power from Germans in the town on November 10th, 1918 according to F. Babol of 1983; he was supported by industrialists of Lodz. He disappeared on November 11th, 1918 and didn't give a signal to the action, according to F. Babol. But according to "Lodz, history (...)", vol. 1, p. 478 - 479: the general Suryn - Massalski commanded the action of disarmament of Germans in Lodz on November 11th, p.m., 1918 and by night November 11/12th concluded a truce; next the *municipality with president Skulski recognized a "Council of Regency" as the Pol. gvt.* (commissioner of the Council, count Bninski); general Suryn - Massalski had organized a militia, and also colonel A. Jasinski started off forming of military units in Lodz on November 12th, 1918 (he arrived Lodz from Warsaw on November 09th). General Suryn served in Polish Army since June 1919, died before 1928.	Suszynski Stefan, b. in Bahrynov estate in the Orsa district in 1872, colonel in the Russian Army (cavalry); commander of the 2nd cavalry regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till March 1918, and also commander of the 1st cavalry regiment in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since April 1918 until July 1918; military service in Poland since November 1918 ("likeable and elegant man"). He was killed in 1940 near by Karaganda.	Szamota Jozef, b. 1859, Brigadier - General of Russian Army; military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 - till May 1918: commander of the 2nd Division of Polish Rifles; served in Polish Army since December 1918.
Szpreglewski, colonel in Russian Army and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?, chief of Headquarters / HQ in Babrujsk and e.g. on May 21st, 1918 with Gen. Karnicki stayed in Minsk.	Szychowski Alexander, b. 1890, Russian officer, served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till June 1918; Polish general 1938.	Tupalski Andrzej, b. 1862, tsarist general, acted in the Union of Polish Military *in Petrograd* in 1917, gaoled by Bolsheviks since January 1918, escaped to Babrujsk and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?**
Waraksiewicz Adolf M., b. 1881, Russian officer who served in the Pulavy Legion 1915 - 1917 and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus (the 1st regiment of cavalry) since 1917 till March 1918, commander of the 2nd regiment of cavalry in the 1st Polish Corps since March 1918 until July 1918; served in Polish Army since November 1918 (after 1946 pseud. "Rudolf" ?).	Wencel Jozef, b. 1874, Russian colonel and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December 1917 till May 1918 (military service in Staff of the 3rd Division of Polish Rifles as quartermaster); in Polish Army since November 1918; killed in Auschwitz in 1943.	Werobej Jozef, b. 1890, Russian officer and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since December till May 1918 (military service in the Officer Legion); had gotten into France in August 1918.
Wiloch Stanislaw F., b. 1890, lawyer and lieutenant of Russian Army and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918 (military service in the 3rd Division of Polish Rifles).	Wolikowski Romuald, b. 1891, captain of Russian Army and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918 (military service in Headquarters of the 1st Corps as Staff Officer); next he was chief of General Staff of the 5th Division in Siberia since July 1918 until 1919.	Wroczynski Jan, b. 1876, Russian colonel, eng., military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since October 1917 till May 1918; general since 1918; member of "Secret Military Council" in Warsaw since June 1918. Chief of War Office under the Council of Regency since October 23rd, 1918; he directed an action of conquest Royal Castle in Warsaw on November 10th, 1918.
Zabczynski Alexander D., b. 1866, military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus 1918 (stayed in Babrujsk). Polish general in 1919 according to Godlewski.	Zaleski Jan, b. 1875, colonel in Russian Army and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since ?; organized Chivalrous Legions in Babrujsk since April 20th, 1918; demobilized at the end of June 1918, according to Olechowski (edition of 1919). During July 1918 - September 1921 ?	Zawisza Jerzy Alexander, b. 1895, tsarist lieutenant and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus since November 1917 till May 1918: the 2nd and the 3rd brigade of artillery; acted in the Self - Defence of Lithuania and Belarus since November 1918 until January 1919; in cavalry troop of captain Dabrowski since January 1919 till the end of February 1919; Polish Army since May 1919; he emigrated to Argentine 1947.
Zeligowski Lucjan, b. 1865, tsarist colonel and commander of the 1st regiment of rifles since October 1915 till January 1917, next he commanded Division of Rifles in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus; in Moscow in June 1918; commanded the 4th Division of Rifles in Novorossiisk region by the Kuban river since August 1918 (Ekaterynodar, too); Polish lieutenant - general since July 10th, 1918; commander of Polish Army at East since October 23rd, 1918 and stayed in Odessa since December 01st, 1918.	Ziemski Karol J., b. 1895, Russian officer during the First world war and next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus after revolution till May 1918; at a later date stayed in Warsaw as lieutenant.	Zienkiewicz Michal, b. in Tsarist Sielo in 1868, Russian colonel, next served in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus, commander of the 15th regiment of rifles since ?; military service in Polish Army since February 1919.
Curiosity: Ryszard Boleslawski, "also known as Richard Boleslavski, was born as Boleslaw Ryszard Srzednicki. At the age of sixteen, he began his acting career and studied in the Moscow Art Theater. In 1916 he joined a cavalry troop in the Polish Rifle Brigade", and next military service in the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus in 1918 under the command of J. Dowbor Musnicki. "Placed in charge of motion picture coverage for the Polish army campaigns" (resources: Microsoft Cinemania 94 and Katz's Film encyclopedia; by http://polishwashington.com), he filmed the semi-documentary, "The Miracle by the Vistula" (1920).

2. others Poles from tsarist army:	Adamowicz Mieczyslaw, doc., tsarist Brigadier - General, derived from the Minsk government; 1917 ?; originator of the "Green Oak" http://www.berezino.net/ secret organization in the Babrujsk district and a region by Pcic river. Prime Minister of the People Republic of Belarus (in Mazyr, November - December 1920). Byelorussian politician who died in Poland.	Antonowicz or Antoniewicz Alexander, b. 1852, tsarist officer; 1917 - 1920 ?; military service in Army of Central Lithuania (Polish general 1919) in 1921.
Babianski Bronislaw, b. 1862, Russian major - general, he acted in the Union of Polish Military in Petrograd since April 06th, 1917 and on board of the Union since July 29th, 1917; arrived Stockholm in May 1917; on boards of Polish organizations in Petrograd on 12 - 14 December 1917.	Baranowski Antoni L., b. 1854, tsarist general, member on the board of the Union of Polish Military in Petrograd on April 06th, 1917; participant in council about Polish troops in tsarist General Headquarters in Mahileu on May 27th, 1917; 1918 ? and next military service in Polish Army since May 1919 till October 1919; member of Military Mission in Siberia since October 1919 until July 01st, 1920 (arrival in Shanghai on February 22nd, 1920 and next he commanded "Polish units in the East Asia", e.g. in Harbin in March 1920); he had come away to Poland on April 15th, 1920 and had made Gdansk port on July 01st, 1920.	Baszko, colonel of Russian Army, Pole from Russian Latvia, tsarist airman; commander of Latvian Air Force till 1939/1940.
Bejnar Boleslaw, doc., colonel of Russian Army; Polish general 1919, and others data are lacking.	Bejnar Wladyslaw, b. 1868; Russian colonel; 1918 - January 1919 data are lacking.	Berbecki Leon P., eng., b. 1874 or 1875 according to W. T. Kowalski; he studied in Kharkov and acted in Polish organizations in Ukraine before 1914; tsarist officer.
Bialokur Franciszek, b. 1869, colonel of Russian Army, doc., 1917 - 1918 ?	Bieczynski Waclaw W., colonel od Russian Army till 1917; 1917 - 1918 ?	Biergiel Konstanty, senior officer of tsarist Army - Russian Admiral in 1917; 1918 ?, Polish Admiral in 1919.
Bitner Ryszard, b. in Wierehowazja in Russia 1867, colonel of Russian Army; acted in the Union of Polish Military since March 1917 - till May 1918; June 1918 - September 1919 data are lacking; military service in Poland since October 1919.	Bobinski Wladyslaw, b. in the Kiev government 1901, military service in the 3rd and next in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since October 1917 - till May 1918; at a later date served in Polish Military Organization in Kiev, summer 1918.	Bobrowski Ignacy, captain of Russian Army, he conducted action of recruitment for trip to Congress Poland in July 1918 (in Minsk). At a later date he had lost command of his Brigade of National Defence near by Wilno on September 19th, 1939, and next participant in defense of Orany (Varena, September 20 - 21st, 1939) and Druskienniki (Druskininkai, on September 22nd, 1939) against Soviet Army.
Bobrowski Tadeusz, b. 1873, he studied in Kronstadt at maritime - technical school, eng., Russian Brigadier - General, served in Russian Navy; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Polish Army since July 1919.	Bohatyrewicz Bronislaw, b. in Grodno 1870, Russian major, he had organized the Self - defence of Hrodna in November 1918 (till March 1919) and commandant of the town; he had brought the Hrodna Self - defence units to Lithuanian - Byelorussian Division in March 1919. Killed in U. S. S. R. in 1940.	Boltuc Mikolaj, b. in Petersburg 1893, captain of Russian Army, military service in the 3rd Polish Corps in Ukraine since January till August 1918; September 1918 ?; served in the 4th Division of Rifles in the East since October 1918 until June 1919 and next in Poland.
Boncz Brujewicz Michal, military service in Russian tsarist Army as general and he was commander of Russian North Front in 1917; as early as April 1918 military service in the Red Army and he organized General Staff of the Soviet Army under Trocki - May 1918 / September 1918. M. Lawrynowicz wrote about the Boncza coat of arms in "Magazyn Heraldyczny".	Borkowski Robert, b. 1855, tsarist officer, 1917 - September 1918 ?; military service in the 4th Division of Rifles in the East (as colonel) since October 1918 till June 1919.	Borowski Michal Alexander, b. in Juncewicze, the Vilna government in 1872, he studied in Petersburg (maritime - technical school); engineer of Russian Army (vid. Gen. Katkowski, Gen. Brynk and Gen. eng. Bobrowski) and Brigadier - General; units of the Self - defence of Vilna since July 1918 till January 1919 and acted in the "Union of Polish Military" since October 07th, 1918. He organized troops in Vilejka in October - November 1918. Military service in Polish Army since January 1919.
Brynk Zygmunt, b. 1872, Brigadier - Gen. of tsarist Battle Fleet and rear Russian Admiral in 1917, maritime - technical studies, eng. - lived in Petrograd and worked in Russian Navy Ministry since c. 1911 according to Jacyna, and his son Andrzej Brynk stayed in Crimea in September 1917 (as lieutenant of tsarist Navy); military service for Polish Army since May 1919.	Brzeszczynski Stefan, b. 1893, Russian officer, and after he organized the Union of Polish Military in Kars region; military service in the 4th Division of Rifles since November 1918 till June 1919.	Brzezinski - Dunin Leonard, b. 1862, tsarist colonel; 1917 ?, and next military service in the 5th Siberian Division since December 1918; P.O.W. during fightings against Bolsheviks in Siberia (as Polish general in 1919).
Bulak - Balachowicz Jozef, Belorussian general, stayed in Mazyr on November 12th - 17th, 1920; he was killed in Belavezskaja pusca in the twenties of the 20th cent.	Bulak - Balachowicz Stanislaw, b. in Mejszty in 1883, Russian general; stayed in Poland since March 02nd, 1920 (or February 04th ?/ c. February 20th) and commanded Belorussian troops; next he commanded the Voluntary Belorussian Army since October till December 1920. Stanislaw was killed in Warsaw in 1940.	Burhardt Jozef, b. 1863, Russian colonel; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Polish troops in Siberia since June 1919 (as Polish general in 1919).
Butkiewicz Karol P., b. 1868, tsarist colonel, 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Polish Army since April 1919.	Bylewski Tadeusz, b. 1866; he was commander of the 1st Division of Polish Rifles in the Kiev government since February 08th, 1917 until May 1917; he had a consultation with the 1st Division of Polish Rifles in Kiev, 14 - 30 April 1917, and this Division was stationed at Kiev and Poltava since January 25th, 1917. Next Bylewski was a chief of "Commission for formation of Polish troops" since May 08th, 1917 in Petrograd; major - general of Russian Army and he was president of "Council of Polish Military Units" in Russia at the end of May 1917, stayed in Mahileu in General Headquarters of Russian Army; consultation of Gen. Bylewski with Gen. Wejtko and Gen. Baranowski in Mahileu on May 27th, 1917 and later on with Polish military activists in Mahileu on June 07th, 1917. Military service in Polish Army since November 1918.	Czarnecki Zygmunt P., b. 1900, served in Polish Military Organization in Kiev since January 1917 till September 1918; in Warsaw since November 1918.
Czernicki Ksawery, b. in Giedejki, the Vilna government in 1882; mar. - technical studies (cf Brynk, Borowski, Bobrowski) in Kronstadt and next colonel of tsarist Navy, eng.; 1917 - 1920 ?; military service in Polish Army since August 1920.	Dowbor Musnicki K., brother of Jozef, tsarist lieutenant - general, too; participant in the Convention of Polish military in Petrograd till June 08th, 1917. He stayed in Petrograd in autumn 1917, Polish activist at that time; friend of Gen. Iwaszkiewicz according to Jacyna, Szczesny and Baginski.	Dreszer Rudolf E., b. 1891, tsarist lieutenant of cavalry; 1917 - 1918 ?, and next military service in Polish Army since October 1918.
Dubinski Filip S., b. 1860, senior tsarist general, 1917 - 1918 ? and next served in Polish Army since December 1918.	Dziewanowski Waclaw, tsarist general, b. in Olchowiec estate in the Kiev government in 1870; 1917 - 1920 all data are lacking (cf Kryska - Karski and Zurakowski) but he was Polish general since 1919.	Falewicz Wojciech, b. 1863, Russian general, possessed Marwa estate in the Vilna region; 1917 - 1918 ?; as early as the end of October 1918 stayed in Warsaw.
Frankowski Stefan, b. in Volhynia in 1887; officer of Tsarist Navy; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Poland since January 1919.	Frankowski Wladyslaw, b. 1859, military service in Russian Army as general and next in Polish troops in Russia, 1917; served in Polish Army since November 1918.	Galecki Tadeusz, b. in Irkutsk 1868; tsarist colonel, after revolution of 1917 he acted in Polish organizations in Ukraine and next he was arrested by Bolsheviks; military service in Polish Army since November 1918, automobile units.
Gano Stanislaw W. P., b. in Congress Poland 1895, technical study in Moscow; military service in Russian Army during the First world war, and next in the 4th Division of Polish Rifles under command of Gen. Zeligowski, since August 1918 till December 1918.	Gawronski Wiktor Mieczyslaw, b. 1863, and derived from the Kiev government, general of Russian Army, and since February 1919 served in Polish Army (1917 - 1918 ?).	Glass, lieutenant - general of Russian Army till the end of 1917, and next under command of Gen. Michaelis - then he was O.C. of the 4th Division of Polish Rifles (before him colonel Kopczynski) in the 2nd Polish Corps in Soroki (Ukraine) since the end of January 1918; he wanted to surrender to Germans on March 11th, 1918; General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Polish Corps in Czeczelnik, Olhopol and Vinnitsa in Ukraine since 24/25 March 1918 till March 28th, 1918; disarmament in Vinnitsa in June 1918; 1919 ?
Godziejewski Eugeniusz, b. in Baransk estate near by Mahileu in 1885; he studied in Lvov; General since 1934.	Grabczewski Bronislaw (Bronislav Grabchevski), born in Kownatow in the district of Telsiai (Lithuania now) in 1855, son of Ludwik (his father Ludvik was an insurgent in 1863 and next he was exiled in Siberia); Bronislav was friend of Alexander Jonin and acted then in Russian intelligence; was tsarist and Russian general, served in central Asia since 1875 and has been searched wildlife (expedition to Kashgar in 1885 i.e. Sinkiang province - East Turkestan); he was commissioner of South Manchuria after 1896 till 1903 and next, since 1903, governor of Astrakhan till 1906, in Harbin 1907, in Warsaw since 1910 as general with 3rd class, lived in Crimea 1914 - 1917 and served under general Denikin 1918 and next under command of Admiral Kolchak in 1918 - 1920; came back to Poland in 1920 but here met refusal of pension and employment; he published memoirs in Warsaw in 1926 and died in Warsaw on February 28th, 1926.	Grabowski, colonel, military service in tsarist army till 1917; he participated in the Convention of Polish Military in Petrograd, June 1917 (as colonel); stayed in Petrograd and acted in Polish organizations in March 1918; founder of the "Union of Polish Military of Vilna" on September 10th, 1918.
Grudzinski Antoni, b. in Vilna 1897, study at Polytechnic in Petersburg; 1917 ?; July 1918 - November 1919: military service by *Kuban river* in Polish cavalry, and next in cavalry of the 4th Division of Polish Rifles under command of Gen. Zeligowski.	Gurbski Stanislaw, tsarist Brigadier - General; served in tsarist, Russian and Polish (1919) Armies.	de Henning - Michaelis Eugeniusz, b. 1863, tsarist lieutenant - general; commander of the 29th Russian CCorps in the 9th Army in 1916/1917; organized the 3rd Polish Corps in Ukraine since July 1917 until June 10th, 1918; activist of Polish military organization in Russia since July 06th, 1917.
Ihnatowicz Konstanty, tsarist colonel, b. 1865; 1917 - 1918 ?	Izycki de Notto Mateusz J., b. in Odessa 1899, pilot, served in tsarist cavalry and next in the 3rd Polish Corps since December 1917 till August (!) 1918.	Jacyna Jan, was born in the Vilna government in 1864, Russian Brigadier - General and next lieutenant - general; he completed Engineering School in Kronstadt; Prof. at Naval Academy in St Petersburg since 1901; he was deputy-chairman of the Union of Polish Military in Petrograd since March 1917. Jan Jacyna acted continuously in Petrograd in March - July 1918 and next in Moscow; president of "Society of Tadeusz Kosciuszko" in Petersburg in June 1918. Jacyna escaped with his wife from Moscow to Pskov (German occupation) on July 20th, 1918. His wife - since 1893 - derived from the Mahileu government and was daughter of engineer chemist who stayed in Moscow. His son served in Brit. Iraq as military since January 1918. Jan Jacyna served in Polish Army since December 1918 and published memoirs in Warsaw at a later date.
Jacyna Waclaw K., b. in Suwalki 1898; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Polish Army since February 1919.	Januszkiewicz, Pole; military service in Russian Army as general, chief of Russian General Headquarters under duke Nicholas Nicholayevich as early as October 1914 and he was in strict milieu of Tsar in 1914.	Jastrzebski Adolf K., b. in Pernow, Russia in 1866; tsarist colonel, acted at organization of Polish units in Ukraine since December 1917 till March 1918; next military service in the 4th Division of Rifles since March 1918 till June 1919.
Jedrzejewski Wladyslaw, b. in Nowiny in the Vicebsk government 1863, tsarist Brigadier - General, 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Polish Army since December 1918. He was killed by Soviet troops in Lwow, March 1940.	Jocher, tsarist general, he was president (second in order) on board of "Catholic Society of Charity" in St Petersburg; Pole, died before the First world war.	Kaliszek Stanislaw Z., b. 1863, tsarist colonel, 1917/1918 ?; military service in the 4th Division of Rifles since October 1918 till June 1919.
Katkowski Eugeniusz K. L., b. at Kronstadt in 1860 or 1861, Russian Brigadier - General; acted in the Union of Polish Military in Vilna, e.g. on October 07th, 1918. He commenced military service for Polish Army since May 1919 till April 1921 only. Others information are lacking.	Kiewnarski Antoni, b. 1867, he stayed in Moscow as colonel in 1917; member on the board of the Union of Polish Military in Moscow on April 15th, 1917; Polish general since 1919.	Klembowski, tsarist general, Pole; military service in Brusilov General Staff (1916); he stood in with Kierenski (Kerensky) as chief commandant, according to G. Graf, and next served in General Headquarters of the Red Army, 1918 - 1919; after 1920 ?
Klimaszewski Roman, tsarist general of engineers, b. 1865 in the Raseiniai district, Lithuania now; 1917 - 1918 ?; as colonel (!) in Polish Army since November 1918.	Klimowicz Eugeniusz, tsarist general, ex-director of the Political Police Department in St Petersburg; chief of Counter - Intelligence in the Army of Gen. Vrangel in 1920; Pole by birth; emigration in Paris next; involved in GPU skulduggery ("M.O.R. - Trust") in the twenties of the 20th century; died ?	Kloczkowski Waclaw, b. 1873 in Petersburg; lawyer and next he was exiled inland of Russia; at a later date Admiral of the Tsarist Navy !; after revolution he acted in the Union of Polish Military in Sebastopol; military service in Poland since March 1919.
Klott Leon L., b. 1868, doc. colonel of tsarist Army; 1917 - 1922 ?; next in Lida (1924) and in Wilno (Vilna, d. 1933).	Kolankowski, tsarist general, Pole; he stayed with his wife and daughter in Petrograd; friend of Nagurski family here and related to Godlewski and to Stulginski family. After 1917 ?	Kolczak, colonel, Pole; he stayed in Vilna in October 1918 and acted in the "Union of Polish Military of Vilna"; after 1919 ?
Kondratowicz, tsarist general, Pole; born probably in Samaites (Lithuania now); German power, i.e. "Ober - Ost" appointed Kondratowicz to chief of Self - defence of Belarus in October 1918; he was commandant of militia in Minsk in November 1918 and next he had gone out to Vilna and Kovno (independent Lithuania since 11 Dec. 1917) at the end of November 1918, where he was appointed to commander of Lithuanian Infantry Division (since December 1918) under administration of Republic of Lithuania.	Konosewicz, colonel, served in tsarist army; stayed in Moscow 1917, member on the board of the Union of Polish Military in Moscow, as colonel, according to Szczesny.	Korewo (Koreywo = Korejwo probably) Marian K., b. 1892, tsarist captain of artillery; military service in the 2nd Polish Corps in the East since January till May 1918 and next German P.O.W. in May 1918 - escaped after.
Koreywo Piotr, b. in Sito estate, the Kovno region in 1857; Russian general of the military judiciary till 1917; next in the Union of Polish Military in Odessa; military service in the 4th Division of Rifles under command of lieutenant - general Zeligowski since December 1918; and had gotten back to Poland in 1919; died in Wilno 1923. Related to the Konstantynowicz family.	Kossecki Stefan, b. 1889, tsarist officer; 1917 - 1921 all data are lacking.	Kostecki Mikolaj, tsarist officer, b. 1878; 1917 - 1921 ?
Kostecki Zdzislaw, tsarist colonel; 1917 - 1918 ?; fightings near to Recyca by Dnjapro on May 14th, 1920; Polish general before August 1920.	Kowalec - Kowalewski, tsarist colonel; 1917 ?; he acted in Polish Military Organization and stayed in Minsk in October 1918: he recruited the Polish on trip to Congress Poland.	Kowalewski Alexander, tsarist colonel, b. 1879, inspector of Polish Units in Ukraine under a Council of Regency in 1918; he provided Gen. Stachiewicz with an order from Gen. Michaelis, from Kiev to Czeczelnik, on March 20th, 1918 (order for the 2nd Polish Corps in Vinnitsa); 1919 - 1921 ?; it was Kowalewski noble family from the Minsk government, the parish of Berazino = Berezino, near by Nieciejewski's Hrynica.
Kowalewski, tsarist general, commandant of Military Engineering School in Petrograd (here as general in January 1916); Pole; colonel Kitkin was his deputy in the school, where S. Szostak studied.	Kowerski, tsarist general, Pole; he derived from the Minsk government; founder of the church in Ivjanec - west of Minsk, bishop Cieplak participated in the consecration (1914 probably); after 1915 ?	Kozlowski A., tsarist general of artillery, Pole; military service in tsarist Army till 1917; 1918 - 1920 ?; commander of artillery of the Kronstadt till March 03rd, 1921; after commandant of Kronstadt stronghold since March 03rd, 1921, and next devoided of position by Bolsheviks on March 07th, 1921; the Bolshevik power arrested his family in March 1921 and he had to retreat to Finland; next he had emigrated on.
Kozlowski E., tsarist general; he was in mission from Gen. Denikin to Warsaw - middle of January 1919.	Krajewski Wincenty, tsarist and Polish general; 1917 - 1918 all data are lacking; military service in Polish Army as general in 1919.	Kruger, tsarist general, Pole; related to the family of Gen. J. Jacyna; his family stayed in Moscow still in July 1918; after 1919 ?
Kruzlewski Jozef E., tsarist colonel, b. 1856; 1917 ?	S. Kukiel and W. Kukiel, senior officers of tsarist Baltic Navy; they maintained position of Bolsheviks in 1918 according to G. Graf. Curiosity: Kukiel, tsarist general, Pole, he was general - governor of Irkutsk in 1866; he took care of Polish exiles in Siberia but had put down Polish rebellion by the Lake Baikal in 1866.	Kuncman, tsarist colonel, he had joined the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine on March 10th, 1918 and next commandant in Dzwonisze - unit 400 strong.
Kurella Robert, tsarist general, b. 1854; after revolution he served in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine - head of the South Area.	Kurylowicz Stefan, b. 1866, doc., tsarist general; 1917 - 1918 ?	Laliczynski, colonel of Russian Army before 1917, and after revolution acted in a Polish white organizations in Russia.
Latour Jozef K., b. 1853, lieutenant - general of tsarist Army; he was president of the Union of Polish Military in Moscow since April 15th, 1917; 1918 ?; served in Polish Army since November 1918.	Latour Stefan L., tsarist general, b. 1866; served in Russian infantry till revolution 1917; military service in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since December 1917 until April 1920.	Linda Maksymilian E., tsarist colonel, b. 1860 or 1871; since December 1917 till April 1918: chief of General Staff in the 4th Division of Rifles and next commander of the Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine; since April until June 1918: 3rd Polish Corps in Ukraine; military service in Polish Army since February 1919.

Liniewicz, tsarist general, served in Asia for long time (among others in Manchuria 1903 - 1904; General Officer Commanding of Russian infantry in Manchuria since Jan. 1904, according to Jacyna, and after him commanded Kuropatkin); Pole, "experienced and gallant".	Lipczynski Ignacy P. K., tsarist officer, b. 1870; 1917 - 1920 ?	Listowski Antoni, b. 1865, Brigadier - General of Russian Army; 1917 - 1918 ?; served in Polish Army since December 1918.
Lokucijewski Piotr, *tsarist officer, b. 1872 in Spory,* Svencionys region; quartermaster in Russian Army; military service in Lodz since February 1919.	Lubjeniak, tsarist colonel, representative of Gen. Janin at the "Polish Command in East Russia" in Siberia 1919 - 1920; after 1920 ?	Lubodziecki Jerzy, Petrograd in 1917 and acted in Polish organizations; Russian officer.
Lubodziecki Stanislaw, tsarist officer (captain ?), Russian military lawyer; 1917 - 1919 ?	Lukomski, tsarist general, he stayed in Petrograd in March 1917; Pole; he had informed (on March 14th, 1917) Tsar, who had gone out from Mahileu to Petrograd, that Admiral Niepienin didn't protest about a Committee of Duma (Russian Parliament); he served as chief of G.H.Q. of Gen. Brusilov in Mahileu in the second half of July 1917; enemy of Gen. Dowbor Musnicki.	Mackiewicz Mieczyslaw, tsarist captain, derived from the Kovno government, b. 1880; served in infantry till 1915.
Majewski Mikolaj T., b. 1880 in Kuznieck, Russia; tsarist colonel, served in artillery; October 1917 - February 1918 military service in the 5th Polish Corps under command Gen. Skierski; next he served in France.	Maj - Majewski, tsarist general, commander of White troops in the South Russia 1918 - 1919; Pole by birtth, very severe and hard on Bolsheviks; a lot of details give Gen. Piotr Vrangel to us, in his memoir published in Berlin 1928/1929.	Malachowski - Nalecz Stanislaw O., tsarist colonel, b. 1882 in Volhynia, after revolution he acted in Polish military organizations in Russia; September 1918 - July 1919 served in the 4th Division of Rifles (he fought near by Paszkowska Stanica on October 03rd, 1918 and next participant in a fightings close to Bezopasnaja, as colonel; commandant of Polish Brigade of Rifles since November 20th, 1918).
Manikowski, served in Russian Army as general; Pole; an aide - de - camp of war minister Guczkow, and stayed in Petrograd e.g. on April 05th, 1917; after 1918 ?	Maruszewski, tsarist general, Pole; General Officer Commanding of "Russian Forces in the North" in Murmansk 1919; in Archangel on May 20th, 1919 during Polish parade; after 1920 ?	Mokrzecki Stefan, was born in Dzitryki near by Lida, tsarist Brigadier - General, brother of Adam Mokrzecki (who established in Minsk, the Union of Polish Military on April 17th, 1917); 1917 ?; military service in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since March till May 1918 and after he served in the "Self - Defence of Lida" since November till December 1918; January - February 1919 ?; "Polish Military Mission in the East" since March 1919 until July 1919.
Monkiewicz Mikolaj, tsarist general; Pole; he had remained in Soviet Union and worked as Intelligence Officer among Russian emigration since 1920 in Paris; disappeared in 1926, but Polish intelligence had uncovered his connections just in 1930.	Morawski Jan, b. 1867, tsarist colonel, geographer; December 1917 - April 1918 military service in the 4th Division of Rifles.	Mrozowski, served in Russian Army as general according to Dowbor Musnicki; Pole; military service in Pt Arthur in 1904.
Narebski, of the Noga coat of arms ("The Leg"); Narebski was related to Caucasians dukes and stayed in Tschetschnia at the end of 1917 and in 1918, he was a general in Russian Army before 1917; orthodox; 1918 - 1919 ?; lived in Vilna after 1920 and got married here (his wife born in Vilna in 1900 and was related to Czeslaw Milosz), his son lived in the Kielce province, and grandson was doctor and live in Poland.	Nejman Tomasz, eng., tsarist general, served in Russian Navy; 1917 - 1918 ?; Polish Admiral since 1919.	Nieciejewski Bronislaw or Nieciejovskij, born c. 1870 in the Berazino parish; count, military service in Russian Army as general and next served in Soviet Army since probably 1918, he stayed in Moscow and worked as military lecturer in Academy; here died.
Nowicki, military service in Russian Army as general, enemy of Gen. Dowbor Musnicki; Pole; an aide - de - camp of war minister Guczkow in March 1917 according to Jacyna; voluntarily served in Red Army since 1918; author of letter to Trocki in defence of tsarist officers.	Olszewski Kajetan B., tsarist general, b. 1858, commander of the Polish Rifles Brigade in Russia since September 27th, 1916 until February 07th, 1917 - region of Baranavicy; military service in Polish Army since October 31st, 1918.	Orlowski Eugeniusz, tsarist colonel (?), all data are lacking.
Osinski Alexander, b. 1870, Brigadier - General of Russian Army; he acted during forming of Polish Army in Russia in 1917 and he was commander of Polish troops in Ukraine in April - May 1918; military service in Polish Army since November 1918.	Ostrowski Jozef, b. 1859, Brigadier - General of Russian Army; 1917 - 1918 all data are lacking and next military service in Polish Army since January 1919.	Pachucki Leon, b. 1872, 1917/1918 ?, tsarist colonel; since March 1918 military service in France.
Pawlikowski Stefan, b. in Kozlow, Russia in 1896; pilot eng., officer in Russian air force, studies in Moscow and training in France; military service in France March 1917 - November 1918.	Pawlowicz Bronislaw T., tsarist colonel, eng., b. 1863, he fought against Bolsheviks in White Army; Polish general 1923 according to Tadeusz Kryska - Karski & Stanislaw Zurakowski.	Pilecki Oktawian, doc., b. 1870, Russian Army and white troops; colonel in Poland in 1919.

Piotrowski Edward, b. in Kosianovo = Kascjaneva estate in the Lida district 1865, Russian general, 1918 - white troops; killed in 1939.	Poderni or Pedeni Wladyslaw, tsarist colonel who served in a white troops probably 1918.	Pluszczewski - Pluszczyk (Plushchevskij), tsarist colonel according to Szczesny, he kept in touch with Polish military organizations in Russia as a representative of the Russian General Headquarters in May 1917 (together with Gen. Bylewski). After 1917/1918 ?
Podgorski, tsarist colonel, he acted in Polish military organizations in Russia in 1917; stayed in Moscow in February - August 1918 and was in touch with Murmansk; 1919 ? and next military service in Polish Army 1920 (automobile units); after 1921 worked for English business.	Pogorzelski Eugeniusz B., b. 1867, Russian colonel, commandant of the 8th Division of Polish Rifles in December 1917 and next commander of the 5th Polish regiment in Kishinev; military service in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine; staff officer of the 4th Division of Rifles under command of Gen. Zeligowski. Military service in Poland since November 1918.	Poklewski - Koziell Wladyslaw, b. 1866 in current Belarus, tsarist colonel, served in Russian Army as engineer; Polish Army since November 1918, general in 1919.
Porebski Kazimierz, b. in Vilna 1872, Russian Admiral; he acted in a Polish organizations in Petrograd since April 1917 (the Union of Polish Military, e.g. July 29th, 1917), 1917/1918 data are lacking; military service in Poland since November 1918.	Potocki, served in Russian Army as general, Polish aristocrat; military service in White Army and he was representative of Gen. Denikin in Warsaw and German Empire (next: Gen. Globaczow and Gen. Kozlowski - Pole).	Pozerski Olgierd, b. in Kursk, Russia, in 1880; Russian colonel, 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Poland since December 1918.
Prokopowicz Jozef, b. 1855, lieutenant - general of Russian Army (cavalry); 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Poland since February 1919.	Pradzynski, tsarist lieutenant, participated in talks with Gen. Bylewski and Gen. Romanowski in Russian General Staff in Mahileu on May 27th, 1917, together with Gen. W. Wejtko and Gen. Baranowski. He was in Pinsk with English officers beside troops of Gen. Balachowicz in November 1920.	Prugar - Ketling Bronislaw, after Bolshevik revolution, at the turn of 1918, he acted in Polish Military Organization in Russia, from where escaped from Murmansk to France. At a later date on 19 - 21 September 1939 fought against Soviet Army, north of Lwow.
Przybytek Stanislaw, doc., Prof., b. in Minsk on September 25th, 1852; lived and acted in St Petersburg; tsarist colonel and next Polish general since 1919; d. 1927.	Przybytek Alexander, Admiral of Russian Navy; derived from Belarus (Minsk, c. 1850), retired in 1913 and stayed in Minsk; after 1914 ?	Rabcewicz Jerzy A., b. in Vilna 1864, eng. after completion of studies in St Petersburg; 1917 - 1918 ? and next Polish Army since November 1918; general 1921.
Radziukinas Maciej J., b. 1870 in Simno, region of Kalvarija (Lithuania now); engineer after completion of studies in Moscow; tsarist officer; 1917 - 1920 ? and next served in Polish Army since March 1921.	Religioni Antoni L., tsarist colonel, doc., served in Polish Army since November 1918 and at a later date he stayed in Eisiskes estate in the Wilno province.	Reutt, served in Russian Army as colonel; commander of the Pulavy Legion in Russian Army since January 1915; after 1917 ?
Romanowicz Alexander, b. 1871 in Olekszyszki, tsarist general of cavalry, voluntary troops 1918 - 1919 (Polish general 1919) and next he served Polish Army in a regiment of Tartars since January 1920.	Romiszewski Eugeniusz, b. 1869, he studied in Petersburg, doc., tsarist colonel, military service in Russian fleet as doctor and next served in Polish Army since November 1918.	Romiszewski Modest, b. 1861, Russian lieutenant - general; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Poland since November 1918.
Romanowski, tsarist general from Polish nobility of this name lived in the Minsk government and also in Minsk at the beginning of the 20th cent.; above Gen. Romanowski was chief of the Russian General Staff in Mahileu during the First world war under minister of war Kerensky in summer 1917. He was enemy to general Dowbor Musnicki who was appointed to a post of commander of the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus by Gen. Brusilov on August 06th, 1917.	Rommel Juliusz K. W. J., b. in Grodno 1881, colonel of Russian cavalry until 1917; next he acted in Polish military organizations in Ukraine since August 1917; stayed in Kiev since January till February 1918, served in the 3rd Polish Corps in Ukraine since February until June 1918 and next prisoner of war in Austria - Hungary since July till October 1918; military service in Poland since November 1918.	Rudzki, tsarist general, commander of "North Army" in Pskov, where he arrested Nicholas the 2nd; Pole; acted in the Russian General Staff in Mahileu, July 1917, where talked to Kerensky. 1918 ?
Rybinski Czeslaw L., tsarist colonel, eng., b. 1872; acted in Odessa in 1917 in the Union of Polish Military and co-operated with the 1st and 2nd Polish Corps; fought in Ukraine in November 1918; Polish general 1919.	Risenkampf or Ryzenkampf, tsarist general, Catholic; president of catholic society in Petersburg during the First world war; died here under Bolsheviks, according to J. Jacyna. He formed also "Society of Tadeusz Kosciuszko" in Petrograd in June 1918; the intimate of Poles.	Sawa - Sowietow Jerzy, priest; b. 1898 in Petersburg, Russian officer; he had emigrated to Yugoslavia in 1921; 1918 - 1920 ?, and stayed in Poland since 1926 according to Tadeusz Kryska - Karski & Stanislaw Zurakowski.
Sawicki Jan, tsarist general of cavalry, b. 1872 in Telatycze in the Hrodna government; after revolution he was in command of Polish troops beside the 8th Russian Army till March 1918. Died 1940 in U.S.S.R.	Sejfert Andrzej, General in Russian Army, 1917 - 1922 ?, died in Vilna 1929.	Skierski Leonard, b. 1866, Brigadier - General of Russian Army (artillery until 1917); next military service in Polish units in the East; arrested by Bolsheviks, escaped and fought in Ukraine under command of Gen. Michaelis; military service in Poland since May 1919.

Skirgiello - Jacewicz, tsarist colonel; 1917 - 1919 ?, he served in a white Polish troops in Siberia, region of Krasnoyarsk in January 1920.	Skroczynski Albin, Russian officer till November 1917 and next he acted in Odessa.	Skrzynski Stanislaw W., Russian captain, born 1877 in Vradiovka estate near by Cherson; acted in the "Union of Polish Military" in Odessa since December 1917 till April 1918.
Slawoczynski Adam, b. 1860, Russian general, commander of the Brigade of Polish Rifles (the Brigade was stationed at Babrujsk till March 28th, 1916 and next at Baranavicy till May 10th, 1916 and near by Baranavicy after) in Belarus since April 07th, 1916 - till September 26th, 1916; 1917 - 1918 ?; military service in Poland since June 1919.	Sochaczewski Stanislaw, Colonel of Russian cavalry; b. in Steblow, Ukraine in 1877 and studied in Kiev; served in the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since February till May 1918.	Sollohub - Dowoyno Stanislaw, tsarist colonel, b. 1885; served in Russian Army till 1917 and next in 2nd Polish Corps in 1918 (chief of General Staff); chief of Polish forces in Archangelsk and Oboziersk in July 1919; he was killed by Soviet officer in September 1939 or died in Siberia.
Stankiewicz Jan, b. in Vilna / Wilno April 1862; tsarist and Russian colonel until January / February 1918 who served in Riga to 1909 / 1910, owner of the Awocin estate in Latvia to 1910; probably in Smolensk in January 1918. Friend of the Beck family from Riga. He isn't maybe Jan Stankiewicz, Russian tsarist lieutenant - general until the end of 1917. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz was Polish educational activist and freedom fighter before 1914 in Riga. Who was Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps in Soroka (Ukraine) in the end of January 1918 till March 08th, 1918? Colonel Jan Stankiewicz from Riga? General Jan Stankiewicz? Gustaw Stankiewicz - who was born 1860 in the Siedlce government and died 1918 (Gustaw from the Siedlce province and colonel Jan from Riga were relatives; General Jan Stankiewicz and colonel from Riga were the same person surely) ? Sylwester Stankiewicz?? Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps retreated front of Germans (a withdrawal of military forces); stayed in Iasi on March 02nd, 1918 and came into contact with Haller in Jaruga on March 05th, 1918; after Lieutenant-General Karnicki arrived to Gen. Michaelis and Gen. Stankiewicz on March 15th, 1918; Stankiewicz went out from Czeczelnik to Kiev on March 25th, 1918, to Gen. Michaelis; and next he joined Gen. Alekseev / Aleksiejew by the Kuban river in April 1918 (fought north of Stavropol in September - October 1918, e.g. battle near by Ternovka on October 14th, 1918); Stankiewicz took the offensive for Astrakhan against Stalin in middle of November 1918, and after in December 1918 - till 1919 fought in the Stavropol "White*" Territory. Ex-tsarist colonel Jan Stankiewicz (or Russian tsarist lieutenant - general Jan Stankiewicz) arrived in Poland 1919 and settled himself in* Vilna / Wilno, died in Milanowek near to Warsaw in December 1945.	Stelnicki Bronislaw, tsarist general, Pole, he fought in Volhynia in 1915, according to J. T. Wroblewski and commanded the 39th Russian Corps; after 1916?	Suchodolski Waclaw, b. in Luck 1877, Russian general, died after 1939.
A. Suchomel, Pole, tsarist Admiral, he acted as one of chiefs of a Polish independent organizations in Petrograd in April 1917 and he founded the Union of Polish Military of Russian Army on April 01st, 1917 in Petrograd. He was killed after 1918 in fightings with Bolsheviks.	Suchomel Waclaw, tsarist general; he stayed in Petrograd since April 06th, 1917 and acted on board of the Union of Polish Military (again on July 29th, 1917).	Sulewski Mikolaj, b. in Gradzicze estate near to Hrodna in 1859, Russian general till 1918, military service in the 2nd Polish Corps in spring 1918 and next he was commander of the Self - Defence of Hrodna Land since December 17th, 1918 till January 1919; Polish general 1919, died after 1939.
Sulik - Sarnowski Nikodem, b. 1893, Russian officer and next acted in the Self - Defence of Hrodna Land in 1918; at a later date fought against Soviet troops in September 1939.	Sulkiewicz Maciej, Tartar - Pole who was born in Kiemiejszy estate, the district of Lida in the Vilna government on June 20th, 1865, son of Alexander Sulkiewicz - Russian colonel; Maciej was tsarist lieutenant - general, commander of the 1st Mussulman Corps in May 1917 till May 1918, Prime Minister in Crimean Administration since June 25th, 1918 till October 1918, next he was chief of General Staff in Azerbaijan (the independent state since May 28th, 1918) since 1919 till 1920 and was killed in Baku*, Azerbaijan on July 15th, 1920.*	Swiacki Stanislaw, b. in the Mahileu government in 1867 (Karol Swiacki possessed Nov. Belica estate SW of Mscislau in the end of the 19th cent.), major general of Russian Army before 1917, in white troops in 1918, Polish general 1919.
Swidzinski Edmund, b. c. 1850 ?, senior Russian general, commander of a Polish Legion in Russian Army - the Pulavy Legion since January 24th, 1915 till March 27th, 1915; 1916 ?; stayed in Kiev 1917/1918. He corresponded with Gen. Dowbor Musnicki on situation in Kiev (at the end of February 1918) and around the 1st Polish Corps in Belarus (after February 26th, 1918), and also with Raczkiewicz. After spring 1918 ?	Swiecicki, tsarist general before 1917, he acted in Minsk in April 1917 on the board of the "Union of Polish Military" according to Gen. Jacyna and Szczesny.	Swietorzecki Jozef, b. 1876, general of Russian and Polish (1919) Army.
Swiezynski, doc. and Russian colonel till 1917, he acted in the "Union of the Military of Vilna" in October 1918; later on ?	Swirski Jerzy Wlodzimierz, b. 1882, senior officer of Russian Army, served in General Staff of Polish Army in Odessa and next (March 1919) in Paris. Polish Admiral since 1941.	Swirski Teofil, b. 1860, tsarist general before 1917, acted on the board of the "Petrograd Union of Polish Military" since July 29th, 1917 according to Szczesny; 1918 ? and next Polish general 1919.
Swirski, tsarist Admiral, b. circa 1850, he established the Union of Polish Military in Petrograd at the beginning of April 1917 (April 01st); after 1918 ?	Symon Antoni, b. 1860, Russian Brigadier - General, commander of Division of Polish Rifles in the Kiev government (Ploskirov) since May 1917 and next again served in Russian Army since August 1917, because a relationship between Symon and Gen. Dowbor Musnicki was on the decline since July 1917, according to J. Jacyna. Gen. Symon was participant in conventions of the military from Polish organizations in Russia: in Rezekne = Rositten, April 10th - 16th, 1917; in Minsk, April 29th - May 04th, 1917; in Petrograd, June 07th - 22th, 1917. Next in November 1917 - till December 1918 ? and after military service in Poland since January 1919.	Szarecki Boleslaw, b. in Minsk (Belarus) in 1874, he studied in Kharkov and Prof. over there, doc., 1917 - 1919 ?, military service in Polish Army since January 1920.
Szylling Antoni, b. 1884, officer of tsarist Army; commander of the 5th regiment of Rifles in the 2nd Polish Corps (near by Kishinev at the end of February 1918) since December 1917 till February 1918; disarmament by Hungarian troops and next he served in General Headquarters of the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine since March 1918 till May 1918.	Szymanowski Piotr, b. in the Vicebsk government in 1858, Brigadier - General of the tsarist Army (cavalry); he had organized the Pulavy Legion in Russia 1915 and next commander of a Brigade of Polish Rifles since July 1915 until March 1916. 1917 - 1918 ? Military service in Poland since December 1918.	Szymanski Pawel, b. 1867, tsarist colonel, 1917 - 1918 data are lacking, military service in Poland since January 1919.
Taklinski Wladyslaw, colonel in Russian Army, acted in Petrograd in April 1917 and was member of the Union of Polish Military since April 06th, 1917. After 1918 ?	Tarnawski Rudolf, colonel in Russian Army, b. 1869; 1917 - 1921 ?	Thommee Wiktor, b. 1881, Russian major; 1918 - 1919: chief of General Headquarterrs of the 4th Division of Rifles by the Kuban river (colonel Lukoski before him). Aide - de - camp beside Army of Gen. Aleksiejew in Ekaterynodar since August 24th, 1918. Military service in Poland since June 1919.

Tokarzewski Jozef, colonel in Russian Army, b. 1879; 1917 - 1918?, military service in Polish Army since November 1918.	Wejtko Wladyslaw, b. 1859, engineer, as colonel he commanded an engineering battalion in Kovno 1914 - 1915, according to Godlewski; next he stayed in Slepianka near by Minsk since October 1915 and was stationed at here also in 1916; Brigadier - General of tsarist Army since 1916. He presided over a meeting of Polish soldiers in Minsk on April 17th, 1917 according to Szczesny; participated in a consultation in tsarist General Headquarters in Mahileu on May 27th, 1917; he was chief of "War Emergency" in Minsk since February 08th, 1918 (Minsk was in Polish hands by night 19/20 February 1918 till February 21st, 1918). Commandant of the Self - Defence of Lithuania and White Russia since October 28th, 1918 (a report from Wilno to Warsaw on November 18th, 1918) and next commander of General District of Lithuania in Polish Army since December 29th, 1918 (as early as November 24th, 1918 the Polish Military Organization in Vilna subordinated to Gen. Wejtko). Military service in Polish Army as general since 1919 till 1923. Died 1933.	Wojewodzki, tsarist general, Pole according to Gen. Dowbor Musnicki; commander of Irkutsk during the war against Japaneses in 1905.
Wojciechowski, tsarist general, Pole; military service in White Army of Admiral Kolchak in 1919 - 1920 (fought in Siberia, Group of Gen. Kappel near to Krasnoyarsk in December 1919). After 1920 ?	Wolkowicki Jerzy, b. 1883, officer of Russian Battle Fleet; in France 1918.	Wolyncewicz Romuald, b. 1878, eng. and colonel of Russian Army till 1917; 1918 - 1922 ?
Zabudzki, Prof., tsarist general, Pole; he stayed in St Petersburg where was killed (Litejny bridge according to Jacyna) on March 12th, 1917 during revolution.	Zajaczkowski A. M., Pole, tsarist general, next also Bolshevik general and he acted in the Soviet intelligence department in 1922 - 1924 (among Russian emigration in Paris).	Zaleski Boleslaw, b. 1866, colonel in Russian Army; 1917 - 1918 ?
Zarako - Zarakowski Jan (according to Russian document ed. 1900, as Zaraka Zarakovskij), b. February 1857, son of count Jozef from Holubowo, the Dryssa district in the Vicebsk government; 1917 ?, stayed in Vicebsk in June 1918, 1919 - 1922 ?; Russian and Polish general (1923).	Zawistowski Leon, b. 1873, colonel in Russian Army, 1917 - 1921 ?	Zielinski Antoni F., b. 1876, colonel (in 1918) of Russian Army; he stayed in Kiev with Haller in June 1918 and next in Stawropol with Gen. Aleksiejew / Alekseev in June and July 1918; commander of a Polish Unit in the Army of Gen. Aleksiejew since August 24th, 1918; commander of the 4th Division of Rifles since October 27th, 1918 till November 20th, 1918 or until March 1919; evacuated his Polish Brigade from Novorossiisk - evacuation by Fr. and Brit. vessels at the end of November 1918; at a later date since December 1918 he acted in Ukraine and had arrived Poland in March 1919.
Ziembinski, served as colonel in Russian Army; stayed in Minsk on April 17th, 1917 and organized the board of directors of the Union of the Military in Minsk, according to Szczesny.	Zongollowicz Eugeniusz, b. in Pskov in 1895, Russian officer who served probably in white units in 1918 ?	Zukowski Tadeusz, b. 1862, tsarist officer; military service in Siberia 1919, where was chief of Polish Military Committee, as Polish general; 1917 - 1918 and after 1920 data are lacking. Killed by Soviet troops in 1943.
From a Azerbaijan list of executed generals in Baku - July 1920 by Soviets, according to M. E. Rasulzade "Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti": tsarist General Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz. At alii.	© COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ 10th September 2011 This all paper is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.	© All rights reserved. No part of all this work covered by copyright hereon may be translated and/or reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying, recording, downloading, uploading, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner - Bogdan Konstantynowicz.

I am looking for all information about my grandfather Marian or Jerzy Konstantynowicz and about his family from the parish of Berazino (Berezina, Berezino or Berezyna). He belonged to one of the old noble families from the farthest eastern reaches of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Those lands were also the first to be taken by tsarist Russia as the result of the partitions of Poland.

Those near and dear (families at the beginning of the 20th cent.) in the Berazino parish (Mother of God of Mercy catholic church), Riga, the Dryssa ujezd and elsewhere:

1.	Malkiewicz	Old Svolna, Miezonka and the Jauji farm (i.e. Jowce or Javci in LATVIA; 49 km north - east of Vilani in the Ludsen = Ludza district formerly) www.surnameweb.org/registry/m/a/l/malkiewicz.shtml
2.	Nieciejewski	in farms Hrynica / Griniza and Usochy in the Ihumen district, and also village Luszewska Slobodka in the Rahacou district (345 ha., here a family of Gorski lived, too) since 1881; the Russian and Soviet general, count Bronislaw Nieciejewski who was born c. 1870 in the Berazino parish came from Hrynica, and his daughter worked as translator and interpreter as early as November 1917 (after completion of the University of Paris) at the first Council of People's Commissars under direction of Wladymir (Vladimir) Boncz Brujewicz who was the chief of the Lenin's office 1917 - 1918; either Nieciejovski or Niecijevskij, Nicijewski and Nieciovski, too
3.	Uminski	or Uminskas with Cholewa arms in the Vilna and Vicebsk provinces (Manulki farm A.D. 1672*), Bruslevo* (**or Bryjelov, Brialewo in the Berezina parish) and Smolarnia - Florian Czarnyszewicz has written the book "Nadberezyncy" about this village; Smolarnia was situated next to Krasny Brzeg in the Babrujsk district, property of the Korzeniewski family and also of Wincenty Stanislaw Koziell Poklewski - he was born 1853 and died 1929, son of Alfons Koziell Poklewski 1810 - 1890, member of the State Administration of Trade 1907 - 1912 according to Tatiana Pietrovna Mosunov and he was related to Hotowski i.e. Gatovskij, Slotwinski from Ravanicy and Malkiewicz, too; Uminski family was related to Sarnecki (or Sarneckis from Skierniow estate in the Trakai district) family with Slepowron arms
4.	counties Zarako Zarakowski	i.e. the Zarokovskij family e.g. during war 1878 - 1879; properties: Holubovo palace, Kniazievo village and the great Svolna / Swolna estate - the chief military state prosecutor of communistic Poland (after - see http://konstantynowicz.info/September_1939 - 1939 P. O. W. in Russia and next Military Attorney in Warsaw / Attorney General) and Soviet general, count Stanislaw Zarako Zarakowski was born here in 1909 or November 1907; neighbourhood of them: Lipski Jan who was the noble marshal of the Vicebsk government, Alina Rykow, Maryia Zabiella, famous Czerski by 1835, Szczyt since 1725, Rudomin, Korsak, Dluzniewski; Jan Zaraka(o) - Zarakowski b. 21.02.1857, Russian general, stayed in Vicebsk in June 1918, next Polish division general 1923, d. in Warsaw before 1934 according to T. Kryska-Karski; Soviet and Polish general Boleslaw Zarako - Zarakowski was chief of the main staff of the Polish People Army in 1944, b. in Polack 1894
5.	Zbieranowski	Igumen, Berazino (Michal born Berezino in 1882 son of Jozef Zbieranowski and his wife Zofia nee Witkowski, after Bobrujsk, Sluck and Riga / Ryga 1899 - 1904), Riga and Miezonka; they were relations of Sarnecki (or Sarneckis) family with Slepowron arms
6.	Szostak	Miezonka and (acquaintances of Raczkiewicz) Babrujsk = Bobruisk or Bobruysk www.surnameweb.org/registry/s/z/o/szostak.shtml
7.	Konstantynowicz	Miezonka, Petersburg, Svolna = Svol'na or Swolna, Krycau, Daugavpils, Kovalki, Riga, Omsk, Borovina
8.	Pilecki	Pileckis with Leliwa arms in the Vilna region in 1632 and the Trakai district in 1648, Navahrudak in 1674; first information of 1484 and 1511; they verified the Swan coat of arms in Vilnius and Kaunas in 1807, and also the family possessed a farmland near by Lida and close to an estate of Marshal Edward Rydz Smigly west of Lida in the thirties of the 20th cent.
9.	Stankiewicz	The Stankiewicz ancestry with the Wadwicz coat of arms lived in the Minsk and Mscislau provinces, according to Kasper Niesiecki, vol. 8 (among others 1648 and 1661) as early as the 17th century; the Mazyr district, the province of Polack A.D. 1674. They were related to Kotowski and Oginski families. According to Jan Ciechanowicz, vol. 5, p. 134 - 135: Stankiewicz or Stankevicius of the Mogila, Boncza and Wadwicz coats of arms; they were near related to Bilewicz (or Billewicz) family from Samaites at the turn of the 16th century. There are information about Jan Stankiewicz in Samaites and Vilna A.D. 1635 and about Michal and Adam Mikolaj here in 1648; Jan Mikolaj from Raseiniai region in 1646, and also Kazimierz in 1658; about Stefan from the Minsk province in 1697 and Adam Stankiewicz in Samaites 1788. They verified the Mogila coat of arms on March 16th, 1835 and derived from Samaites territory in Lithuania. Here they owned Raseiniai in 1535 and next moved to Vilkmerge district (Kirbutiszki and Krekszle farms). The noble Stankiewicz family with the Wadwicz coat of arms came of the Orsa district, and next in the Asmjany one, also the Minsk province and the Mscislau one. They verified the Wadwicz coat of arms in Minsk on February 25th, 1828; besides they lived in the Braslau region. You can to see interesting website on the Stankiewicz family, http://republika.pl/aord/stankiewicz.htm among other things about: 1. Wladyslaw, Adam and Witold Stankiewicz from Vilna; 2. Antoni from the Minsk government (b. circa 1870, the member of the Civil Guard in Minsk in 1918); 3. Feliks b. 1927 in Babrujsk; 4. The Stankiewicz family from Przydrusk village near by Daugavpils was related to colonel Jan Stankiewicz. Przydrusk = Przydrujsk or Piedruja in the former Grand duchy of Lithuania, and Latvia now, 44 km West of Malkiewicz's Old Svolna = Stara Swolna; Jan Stankiewicz born 04.04.1862 in Vilna / Wilno as son of Franciszek Stankiewicz with the Mogila coat of arms and Pelagia nee Sienkiewicz, got married to Maria Odrowaz in 1886 and next as colonel served and lived in Riga / Ryga 1887 - 1909 / 1910 and possesed the Awocin property in Latvia to c. 1910; the friend of the minister Jozef Beck parents from Riga and acquaintance of Jozef Pilsudski in August 1919 in Wilno; the relation of Butrym family. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz was Polish educational activist and freedom fighter within the Pilsudski undercover movement before 1910 in Riga. Colonel Jan Stankiewicz had withdrawn from the Russian Army on 01.01.1918, and the Bolsheviks assented to this discharge on 28.02.1918; reunion with family in Smolensk after January 1918; and next after settled himself in Vilna / Wilno / Vilnius in 1918 or maybe after spring 1919. But he served for the Polish Army just since April 1919 and as brigade-general in October 1923; died in Milanowek near to Warsaw in December 1945. He was mistaken for colonel Gustaw Stankiewicz son of Marian from the Siedlce government b. 1860 - 1918 who was maybe commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Ukraine in accordance with Nicman of 1995 and with a Moscow Archive of 2000, and Gustaw died in 1918 over a fight against "reds" somewhere in Ukraine; also he was mistaken with Sylwester Stankiewicz, according to Vronskya J. of 1992.. Sylwester Stankiewicz born 1866 and died in Taganrog close to Rostov-na-Don in March 1919; maybe since 10th January 1918 to 28th March 1918 as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine; General-Lieutenant Sylwester Stankiewicz after served for general Anton Denikin in the Voluntary Army with 3000 Russian soldiers; maybe since January 1919 under command of general Piotr Vrangel. It's not plain statement seeing as turned up just now and come in from East surely. Entries in Wikipedia of September 2008 on Gustaw and Sylwester (!) have got only currently edited* references and there are mistakes in details.* Main former historians: Baginski H., Dowbor - Musnicki J., Holowko T. of 1931 and Michaelis E. of 1929 point out Russian General-Lieutenant Jan Stankiewicz as the commandant of the 2nd Polish Corps in Moldova and Ukraine during December 1917 - March 1918. Who was a Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps in Soroka (Soroca by Dnister in present north Moldova id est Soroki) and Iasi (east Romania now) in the end of January 1918 till March 08th, 1918? Colonel Jan Stankiewicz from Riga? General Jan Stankiewicz? Old Gustaw Stankiewicz or an unknown Stankiewicz? Sylwester Stankiewicz? Commander of the 2nd Polish Corps retreated front of Germans (a withdrawal of military forces after acceptance the Ukraine as ind. state by Germany on 09 February 1918 and 03 Mar. 1918) and after stayed in Iasi on March 02nd, 1918 and came into contact with Haller in Jaruga on March 05th, 1918; when Romania on the same day March 05th, 1918 concluded an alliance with Germany - Haller and Jan Stankiewicz with the 2nd Corps on 08th March 1918 launched a march east and crossed Dnister river going into Ukraine evading a disarmament in the then Romania. On the other hand General - Lieutenant Jan Stankiewicz went out from Czeczelnik to Kiev on March 25th, 1918, to Gen. Michaelis, and next he joined the White Russian Gen. Aleksiejew / Alekseev by the Kuban river in April 1918. He fought north of Stavropol in September - October 1918, e.g. battle near by Ternovka on October 14th, 1918 with White Russians against "reds". Jan Stankiewicz took the offensive against Stalin's troops for Astrakhan in middle of November 1918, and after a retreat of the Voluntary Army, fought at Stavropol "White" Territory in December 1918 and at the beginning of 1919. General Jan Stankiewicz evacuated himself from Novorossijsk and probably arrived close by Odessa in March 1919 or Taganrog close to Rostov-na-Don in March 1919. He served for general Anton Denikin in the Voluntary Army with 3000 Russian soldiers, March and April 1919. Note: the retreat of 3500 soldiers of the Voluntary Army from under Odessa commenced at the beginning of April 1919 towards Bessarabia - it was a province of the then Romania between 1918 and 1940/44 - where the Romanians had disarmed "white" Russians, and a part of this "Army" joined in General Zeligowski 4th Division transcending Dniestr / Dnister river on 10th April 1919; made Tschernowzy (= Chernovits, Černivci) and Stanislavov in Poland in June 1919. See Berezyna 5. Bronislaw from Riga (b. 1913, his grandfather Nikodem was policeman in Riga).
10.	Spychalski	The Spychalski family from Lodz, worked in a garage of Andrzejak at the beginning of the 20th century and they were acquainted with Pilsudski.

my grandfather was a regular; at first he learnt in the secondary school in Mahileu by the river Dnjapro, next a real school in PÄRNU / Pernau / Parnawa (the Livland government, and Estonia present) and the Naval Corps (or at the Petrograd Naval College = the Naval War College; Course of Navigation Officers 1912 - December 1916) in St Petersburg and he first served in the Kronstadt Stronghold (the Bureau of Navy Transport - in a navigation ensign capacity, i.e. concretly "pra'porchik", this is a temporary rank, about equivalent to Sub-Lieut., R.N.R. in British Navy, one 1/2-inch gold stripe without curl - Dec. 1916 / March 1917); during the First World War he escaped on powerboat from the Kronstadt Stronghold to Tallinn (Reval = Revel, the capital of autonomous Estonia = Estland since March 1917) with Estonian engineer Jansen and stayed here since April by June of 1917; next in Petrograd by November 1917;

1st Polish Corps in Belarus

1917 - 1918

Polish top officers