L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich [Apollon Konstantynowicz, the son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz] in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap.

In 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'.
1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department.

1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA.

Eugene's ARMAND of Moscow brother - Emil E. ARMAND was married to Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.
They had six children:
LEW ARMAND / Leo (1880 - 1942) + Japaridze-Saparov [Saparova Tamara Arkadevna - Japaridze married 2nd to Leo Emilievich ARMAND.

Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), was married to Varvara Maypariani with the daughter Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand (Inessa Armand relatives).

Ivan Iaparidze was the son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze (Ivan b. ca 1860; his father Konstantyn died in 1860 !) from the upper Racha region of Georgia.
Ivan Japaridze b. ca 1860, had sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau, b. 1855, nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze, and Ivan Japaridze's parents were Constantine and Melania Japaridze; named father Constantine died 1860].

Thomas Jefferson on the Illuminati - a letter on January 31, 1800:
"I have lately by accident got a sight of a single volume ... of the Abbe Barruel's Antisocial conspiracy, which gives me the first idea I have ever had of what is meant by the Illuminatism against which 'illuminate Morse' as he is now called, and his ecclesiastical and monarchical associates have been making such a hue and cry. Barruel's own parts of the book are perfectly the ravings of a Bedlamite. But he quotes largely from Wishaupt whom he considers as the founder of what he calls the order. As you may not have had an opportunity of forming a judgment of this cry of 'mad dog' which has been raised against his doctrines, I will give you the idea I have formed from only an hour's reading of Barruel's quotations from him, which you may be sure are not the most favorable. Wishaupt seems to be an enthusiastic Philanthropist. ...
As Wishaupt lived under the tyranny of a despot and priests, he knew that caution was necessary even in spreading information, and the principles of pure morality. He proposed therefore to lead the Free masons to adopt this object and to make the objects of their institution the diffusion of science and virtue. He proposed to initiate new members into his body by gradations proportioned to his fears of the thunderbolts of tyranny. This has given an air of mystery to his views, was the foundation of his banishment, the subversion of the masonic order, and is the colour for the ravings against him of Robinson, Barruel and Morse, whose real fears are that the craft would be endangered by the spreading of information, reason, and natural morality among men.
This subject being new to me, I have imagined that if it be so to you also, you may receive the same satisfaction in seeing, which I have had in forming the analysis of it: and I believe you will think with me that if Wishaupt had written here, where no secrecy is necessary in our endeavors to render men wise and virtuous, he would not have thought of any secret machinery for that purpose."

It was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy: Lenin and Inessa Armand, Duflon, nobility from Scotland, Italy, Ireland, France, Switzerland, the German noble families in Estonia.
On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.

Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.

The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Koluszki Stare and Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities.
This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland].
Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state.
Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.

This military - political intelligence network has a different appearance depending on, which side you watch from. It's like the external universe, which expands. It has a chaotic structure, but only to the viewers. For top executives of the network, it is extremely bright and clear. It works like clockwork.
Time passes, and this network is expanding, as the universe, at that time some stars turning pale, faded and disappeared.
The underground structure has clearly defined objectives at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries:
1. call up the chaos in Europe [1917];
2. to bring the continental war [1914];
3. overthrow of the Romanovs in Russia [1917];
4. lead to anarchy in Russia [until 1922];
5. starting the war between the invaders, who take away the Polish independence [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland];
6. pulling the western countries into the war, and in due time also America.

The network in the 18th to 21st cent.
Overarching objectives are at the beginning of the 20th cent.:
1. Polish independence [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland],
2. The independence of the Baltic States;
3. The creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Tools to achieve these goals are:
1. The money from the Scottish, Jewish and American banks; revenue from the Mediterranean trade - Marseille, Greece, Naples, Crimea; and plantations in Ceylon and from the Asian trade - Ceylon [aft. 1840], India, Japan [aft. 1904/1906];
2. the use of secret non-goverment organisations (NGOs) in Europe and America;
3. The creation of favorable underground structures inside the intelligence networks of Western Europe and American countries.

Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company financed Lenin's activities through a wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz, ie. Anna Konstantynowicz nee ARMAND - she come from Maria Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. Anna was the best friend of Inessa Armand, the lover of Lenin.

Once in October 1905, the Board of the University of Moscow, headed by Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Vernadsky's mother was from the Konstantynowiczs of the Fox coat of arms) admitted women to listening of lectures, and Inessa Armand has made payment and went to law school. In June 1907, Comrade Inessa confirmed the intention to be student, but instead of studying at university she had to go for exile with Vladimir Armand. In late October 1908 she managed to escape. We back to Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky: his mother, Anna Petrovna Konstantynowicz (1837 - 1898),
the father - Ivan Vernadsky (1821 - 1884), professor of political economy.

In 1902, Vladimir Lenin moved the publication of the Iskra (Spark, issues 22 to 38) to London at 37a Clerkenwell Green. At that time Vladimir Lenin resided on Percy Circus, less than half a mile north of Clerkenwell Green. In 1903 the newspaper was moved to Geneva.
Lenin and Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (The Crown Tavern, 50 m east of Lenin 'Iskra') in 1903.
But at this time people from 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company and around the Armand family were involved in 'left' activity:
Nikolaj Romanowicz Brilling who elaborated aeroengine with two opposite pistons when acted as chief in DEKA factory (Duflon either Duflou or Dufflon & Konstantynowicz) in Zaporozhye 1916 - 1918; Brilling i.e. Briling, b. 1876, Russian and Soviet expert of aeroengines after completion of the Moscow Polytechnic, twice under arrest due to distribution of Lenin's 'Iskra', 1907 doctor in field of engines.

At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz.
Inessa was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910,
but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon / the Duflon office address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903.

"Inessa Armand. Revolutionary and Feminist" by R. C. Elwood, p.74 - Inessa was on her honeymoon with Lenin who showed up in Copenhagen without his wife Krupska. Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910.

The research of Rene Marie Armand and we can read:
"...In 1918, as the head of mission of the Red Cross, Inessa Armand was sent by Lenin to France in order to take out several thousand Russian soldiers of an expeditionary corps. She was arrested by the French authorities, but released because of the threat of Lenin shoot for her the French mission in Moscow. Inessa was really part of a diplomatic mission to return to the Russia soldiers of expeditionary corps ...
All three members (Dmitry Manuilsky and Jacques Davityan) of the mission really concluded under house arrest, ... and released after the Commissar for Foreign Affairs G. V. Chicherin (and not Lenin) gave France a message that French citizens in Russia could be arrested. ...
I write about my great-aunt Inessa Teodorovna (patronymic Fedorovna - tribute Russian language) ... But how do you know the truth about Inese? Even in our family rarely talked about her... It was all about the conspiracy. ... Marietta Shahinian could not tell the whole truth about the relationship between the trinity Krupskaya, Lenin, Armand. ...
husband of Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand - Hugo or Gugo Eberlein and a husband of another daughter Varya - Yakov Romas.
... 'Inessa small' - so everyone called Inna, daughter of Inessa Armand and Alexander ... Sometimes in Riga, where we lived, came Varvara Aleksandrovna / Varya, the daughter of Inessa / Inez... she did not just have to go to France or Switzerland, to see mother, who was forced to live in exile.

It was sure that Inessa came from a family of Protestants, and that her husband was a Catholic. ... Before the revolution the Armands had a house on the corner of the alley Granatny and Spiridonyevka, owned by husband of Inessa. And a country house - in the village Eldigino, near Pushkin, in thirties miles from Moscow . ... Inessa and her sister Renee were born in the family of an opera singer and actress Theodore Steffen and Natalie Wild. Inessa Elizabeth, the eldest, was born May 8, 1874 in Paris. His father died when a little girl grew up and she turned with his aunt in Moscow. Woman and her two orphans, gave music lessons and foreign languages, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that Inessa and Rene fluent in Russian.
My grandmother Renee, sister Inez, until his death spoke in Russian with a strong accent. I kept the letters from her relatives, including from her sons. They are written in French, the native language of grandmother Renee. She studied music not in Moscow but in the Paris Higher National Conservatory of Music and Dance. ... in 1850, in the family of businessman Piter Wild / Peter Wild and his wife - the French, born daughter. Newborn named Natalie. Wilde / the Wilds were parishioners of the Church of England. ...
their name sounded like Wilde. Natalie, has a pleasant and strong voice, decided to continue his musical education in Paris. Parents were unhappy, but his daughter still succeeded.
Woman sent to the French capital, accompanied by Aunt Sophie / Zofia, the sister of her mother.
In Paris, appeared her idol - Comedy Opera tenor, born in Lyon. Fans knew him under the name Pesce Erbanvil. Singer was the son of the venerable French bourgeoisie, who were ashamed of relationship with the artist... The family has a birth certificate Renee Louise Justine Stephen, my dear grandmother.

... Inessa Armand - daughter of British (?) opera singer Stephen Theodore (nee Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville) and French (?) actress Nathalie Wild, also an opera singer, and later a teacher of singing ... Wild Natalie was able to insist on his own. To marry, one of them had to change their faith. Theodore did that. On May 8, 1874 at 2:00 pm, in Paris, at number 63 at the Rue de la Chapelle born a girl that happy parents named Inez - Elizabeth / Inessa Elizabeth ... In the Anglican Church St. Mary the wife got a new document with the metric record of birth Inessa Elizabeth - May 8, 1874. ... Natalie and Theodore had been born next child
- a daughter again. Her name Rene Justine Louise. Natalie gave birth of three daughters.

The youngest, Anna, will be not just a rich man's wife, but also an aristocrat, and receive a Russian title of 'Her Excellency'.
...Tired of quarrels and lack of money, Natalie said 'yes' to the proposal of the relatives send to Moscow older girl. Six year old Ines, along with Aunt Sophie, who so shamefully failed chaperone role, went to Russia. Everything. With her father girl will never see. His mother and sister come to Moscow only ten years later, after the death of Theodore, who died at age 36. ...
On October 3, 1893 the parish priest of St. Nicholas Church in the village near Moscow, Pushkino, father Ignatius Kazan made ??wedding of a hereditary honorary citizen, Moscow guild merchant's son, Alexander Armand to a French citizen, young lady, the daughter of artist Inez Elizabeth Stephen, Anglican. ... now husband - the eldest son of hereditary honorary citizen of Moscow: Yevgeny Armand (Trading House 'Armand and sons').
Family of millionaires. Several luxury houses in Moscow - the Old Square, in the Cash Lane on Arbat Street, on the corner Granatny to Spiridonyevka, on Vozdvizhenka. Forests under Pushkino, hunting grounds around Sergiev Posad, land near Ikshi. Weaving and dyeing factories. ...
Armand family was significantly higher in the material and social terms than the Wild family.
Wild / Wilde were descended from a teacher from England, who arrived in Russia with the invitation of Count Vorontsov senior. The real name of them was Wilde, but in Russia it quickly rechristened to Wild.
From my father, I have heard that one of Wilde worked for a time as a manager of Count Vorontsov, who was known to Anglomaniac. One of the descendants of the Wild amassed a sizable fortune, but his successors were less able to commerce... too much invested in real estate. Bought the land, but it did not bring quick money. Wilde conducted in the village of Pushkin, where rented a cottage next door to the house of Armand.
... Inessa first appeared in Moscow in 1880.
... Inessa when aged 17 years received a tutor diploma. However, all girls had such a document. The diploma of tutor had Barbara Karlovna nee Demonet / Demonsi and all her daughters, girls from a family of millionaires. And the last - Inessa Steffen not married to the son of E. I. Armand but on his grandson! ... According to one version, Paul Armand was a shoemaker who had fled to Russia from the French Revolution.
According to another version, Paul died on a road and his son Alexander to get to Moscow.
But it is necessary to go to the old German cemetery, were we find the grave of the first Armand who moved to Russia from France. ...
Paul Armand 1760 - 1835,
Marie Barbe Armand, nee Collignon 1774 - 1872,
Jean-Louis Armand 1786 - 1855,
Jeanne Angelique Armand 1765 - 1813,
Paul Felix Armand, 06.06.1816 - 03.08.1817.

The 29 year-old general Paul Armand came from Paris in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay. Armand was not married ... He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine. ... When Paul Armand married, he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand was trading house of Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.

No one yet suspects that family Armand and Demonet in the future intermarry. This will be the heyday of the Trade House 'Eugene Armand and his sons'. The first mention of Armand contained in the book 'History of the French colony in Moscow from 1812...' by F. Tasteven. Tasteven writes that the first Armande / Armand, who arrived in Moscow, lived in Lefortovo, then the Lubyanka. Found in the book a mention of Mr. Freda Wilde, who lived in the early 19th century on the Arbat. They lived nearby Mademoiselle Richard, in future Madame Demons / Demonet.

No one knows what the future of these three families intermarried. ... In 1812, were arrested Jean-Paul Armand and his wife Sabina, as well as members of families Demons / Demonet / Demontet and Wild.

... They have relied on weaving, building two factories in the village of Pushkino thirty miles from Moscow. ... one of the descendants of Paul Armand, Eugene Louis. He was a talented entrepreneur and intelligent man.
Evgeny left a sizable fortune to his sons Eugene, Emil and Adolf. ...

Eugene Louis (Louis Eugene or Evgenii Ivanov Armand) became the first of Armand who strengthened the roots of the family tree in the Russian land. In 1864, having achieved considerable success in the development of the textile industry in Russia, received the prestigious international fairs of several gold medals, he petitioned the Emperor Alexander II on awarding him and his wife (Maria Frantsova = Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska, the daughter of Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, General) and sons (Evgenii-Francois, Adolf Osip, and Emil Aleksandr Armand) the title of honorary citizens (April 1852).
... published this document, as well as the decree of the king... Armand were Catholics, parishioners of St. Louis church at Malaya Lubyanka in which building, together with other French settlers invested.

Eugene Louis was married in this church with a beautiful Polish - Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya.
Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat.
... Young Catholics family donated money and the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Pushkino.
When Armand moved to Orthodoxy, were baptized in this church grandchildren of Louis Eugene / Yevgeny Ivanovich. In the same church my grandmother Rene changed the Church of England to Orthodox in order to get married and named her Mary. But this name is never called, but gave it to her daughter (the couple had six children).
... Evgeny Armand, the eldest son, who worked in a textile factory as manager, after father's death led the family business.
Evgeny married a girl from Demonets / Demonet / Demontet family, most of those family lived at the Kuznetsk bridge. Demonets have sent them son Charles (in Russia it was called Karl in German style) to study medicine, he became a prominent physician, professor of the Kharkov University.
There, in Kharkov Carl and his wife, has child, Barb, in Russian - Varvara Karlovna. Marrying Eugene Armand, she gave birth to eleven children who safely reached maturity. ...
For the Orthodox communion Inessa took its second name - Elizabeth. Now, according to the documents became Elizabeth Armand.
Renee Louise Justine, which in the family simply called Rene. She graduated in Paris College of Music. Parisienne recently arrived in Russia had difficulties with the Russian language, which almost did not know. Therefore, in the family Armand, where the native language was still French, she immediately felt at home. ... After the wedding, Evgenii / Evgeny bought the estate near Pushkino for the two eldest sons. Alexander received the village Eldigino, Nicholas and Renee - Aleshino village, just five miles one from another.

After the wedding term Inessa first child was born. He was named after his father. After Alexander Alexandrovich was born Fyodor / Fedor - Theodore. In memory of her father. After just a year and a half was born a girl. She received her mother's name.
At first her family called 'Inessa small'.
The next child was the Varia, named after her grandmother, Barbara Karlovna Demonets Armand.

... In April 1897, were arrested three young men from the family Armand:
Leo Emilevich,
Boris, a student at Moscow University,
and Evgeny Kammer, a student at Moscow Technical School and relative of Armand.

Kammer older sister Mary was married to Sergei Yevgenyevich Armand, and brother had lived in Pushkin with his family.
Armand's relative hired a tutor to younger children. It was in the room of Kammer gendarmes found illegal warehouse printed and manuscript editions for screen printing machine, many ready stencils, paint, stacks of writing paper. ...
Alexander E. Armand was busy from morning till night. In addition to managing the factories, it duties as a member of the Moscow City Duma, Zemstvo Assembly, a member of the Special Committee on charity beggars.
Inessa decided to engage in charity. She began to visit homes in Eldigino and workers in Pushkin. ... She talked about her endeavor only to Anna his sister-in-law. Anna Armand married a Pole by the name of Konstantynowicz. Her husband Apollo, engineer, represented the interests of Russia in a major French company of Breguet for the production and trade of electromechanical structures.
With his father-in-law Evgeny / Evgenii Evgenievich Armand, he was linked not only by family, but also in business relationships. He become the Chairman of the Board of JSC 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz and Co.', as the head of the family clan and Alexander E., husband of Inez, was also elected one of the directors.
In the same company acted Lyudvigovich Emmanuel Nobel, nephew of Alfred Nobel, who instituted a unique prize. While husbands are engaged in business, their wives are actively discussing ways to improve public life.

Relatives friends began appearing at the family table... Semenovykh-Prozorovsky, Armand Maria Nikolaevna, who had married a son of the chief architect of Moscow... There is a curious picture, made ??in 1906. At the head of the table - one of the sisters whose face is not visible. The right hand of her father - Evgeny Evgenievich, near Renee, then Inessa with Andriusha kneeling, opposite - Vladimir, and near the samovar - Anna Evgenievna Konstantynowicz. Old photo conveys a friendly family atmosphere. Of the six members of the family who were peacefully drinking tea and smiling to each other,
three - revolutionaries. Inessa, Volodya, Anna ...

Anna Konstantynowicz, heiress of her husband, who died in 1902 [APOLON Konstantynowicz], go abroad, where she became friends with the first social democratic circles, and then, following the example of Inessa, will join the Bolsheviks.
Most of his fortune she will donate to the party funds, and together with Lenin, Krupskaya, Inessa and other Bolsheviks back in the famous sealed train to Russia.
This group of people go down in history as a gang of villains who interrupted Russia's path to prosperity. But how can these people suspected of criminal intent to destroy the country?

Inessa and Anna Konstantynowicz, Alexander, Boris, Vladimir Armand who participated in the revolutionary movement, could continue measured life. But they did not allow a conscience. ... the family, who tried to reorganize society. ... loved aunt Inessa, Aunt Anna, and was genuinely happy when they returned from a long exile.
Abroad will only adult son of Anna Konstantynowicz and Apollo, and it is the only branch (??) of the family Armand, which again take root in their historic homeland, France. All others (??) remain in Russia and share unhappiness people [mistake - Jerzy Konstantynowicz escaped from Kronstadt, to Tallinn, then to Miezonka and to Zambrow in new Poland, born 1898, the son of Anna Armand Konstantynowicz].
... Alexander E. wife released without scandal and even the parents explained everything. Couple immediately went to the Cote d'Azur in Nice. One could only imagine the feelings of parents and the whole family. Volodya was the youngest and most beloved son. Inessa was beloved daughter...".

Inessa Armand born in Paris on 8th May, 1874. Name variations: Ines Stephane / Ines Elisabeth Stephane / Elise / Elisabeth / Elisaveta / Steffen / Comrade Inessa and Elena Blonina.
Born Elizabeth Stephane, was daughter of Theodore Pecheux d'Herbenville and Nathalie Wild;
married Alexander Armand, Oct 3, 1893.

Alexandre Dumas points to Pescheux d'Herbenville / Pecheux and Ernest Duchatelet were involved in political trials at the time but the person who shot Alfred Galois (a duel) was by the initials L. D., a member of the Society of Friends of the People (La Societe des Amis du Peuple, in France created in 1830, fighting for a republic and for political enlightenment of progressive workers. After the 1833 trial, the society ceased to exist, acc. to 2010 The Gale Group, Inc).

And after - when she was only five - Elizabeth Stephane or Ines / Inessa was brought up by an aunt - new governess and grandmother living in Moscow - around 1880. Anna Asknazi vel Askenazy was friend of Inessa Armand in Moscow of 1909 and also doctor N. N. Pechkin, Boris Armand, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantynowicz / Konstantinovich who helped out financially, Natalia Emil'evna, the twin Brilling brothers-in-law, Alexander Armand.
At the age of eighteen she married Alexander Armand, the son of Evgenii Armand, a successful textile manufacturer in Pushkino near by Moscow. At the age of 19 she knew only two languages until as adult she learned German and Polish. Her father, a singer, and her mother, Nathalie Wild, a comedian or half-French, half-English Jewish actress. Inessa's mother, Natalie Wild, also came from a French family that had settled in Moscow, although her roots was from Franche-Comte of France. Her father was a language teacher, and the Wilds naturally came to know the Armands.

Natalie back from Moscow to live with a French, Theodore Stephane, and Ines / Inessa had been born in Paris 1874, as the eldest of three girls, born four months before her parents were married. She married Alexander and her sister married into Armand family, with Boris or Nicolas. Inessa forced Alexander to marry her. Together with husband they opened a school for peasant children. She used her husband money for charity for prostitutes. She falls in love with his younger brother Vladimir, leaves Alexander. She never married Vladimir because she never formally divorced Alexander.
She became a member of a bolshevik organisation in 1904 or in 1903! In 1908 she jumped bail which her first husband Alexander paid for her, about 5000 rubles, and left Russia illegally. She joined Vladimir in Switzerland. She met Lenin in Paris or she met him in Brussels!
Inessa Armand was to become Lenin's lover, but without her marriage and husband, she might never have been to meet Lenin. The Armand family home was extraordinary. Originally four separate houses.

Alexander's father, Eugene-Evgenii Evgenevich Armand lived with his two brothers, Emil and Adolf.

At least of 10 December 1908 Inessa Armand wanted to attend the First All-Russian Women's Congress in St Petersburg with her sister-in-law, Anna Evgen'evna Konstantinovich / Konstantynowicz. Inessa was lover of Lenin since 1909 or 1910, but according to 'Correspondence of Lenin and ... organizations. 1903-1905 years', Volume 3, the first book, we know that Lenin sent a cliche of 'Iskra' / 'Sparks' at Dyuflon address in Yekaterinburg (p. 332, here also name of Konstantynowicz!) in 1903.

Inessa spent the time with her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich, whom she apparently visited in Leipzig during the month of August 1910. Inessa and Anna would finish the summer by attending the Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen. Inessa very likely was accompanied by her sister-in-law Anna Konstantinovich, rather than by Lenin during the days of the 1910 congress. On Sunday 28 August 1910 after the Women's Conference had closed, Inessa and perhaps Anna Konstantinovich attended the opening ceremonies of the Eighth Congress of the Second International using two guest tickets obtained for Armand by Lenin in Copenhagen, according to P. P. Bulanov, Moscov 1925, 75. Dr. Edward Reilly from Australia when was visiting Marijampole, Lithuania, in Oct. 2003, had seen the grave of Lenin's (??) son, Guards Captain Andrej Armand, who fell in Oct. 1944.

When Lenin was writing to Inessa Armand to Moscow by 16 February 1920, asked her about any products which were sent to Konstantynowicz (according to 'Lenin in his life. ...' by ?. ?. Guslarov; address of Inessa: Nieglinnaja street, house 9, flat No 6; s. 226).

The wife of Apollon Konstantynowicz was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - the daughter of Evgenii Armand / Eugeniusz Armand / Eugene born about 1842.

Wasyl Konstantynowicz married Mary Troubeckaja vel Maria Trubecki / Duchess Mary Trubetskaya / Maria Trubecka / Trubetskaja / Trubetzkaya born ca 1840 in St Petersburg or in CRACOW.

Mentioned Wiktor Konstantynowicz b. 1874, was married to Alexandra Nikolaevna nee Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh, born 03 February 1877 in St Petersburg, the daughter of Nikolai Ivanov Starych Siedych / Sedykh / Siedoh + Olga Ryabchinskaya / Olga Riabczynski.

Wiktor Konstantynowicz vel Staroch Siedoch on 09 June 1934 lived in Estonia, Nomme, the Harku street No (tn) 28-2 and buried in the cemetery Hiiu-Rahu. Above named Starych Siedych Victor Konstantynowicz born 1874, in service since 1904, an officer since 1912, 'ensign' that is praporschik by Admiralty, in the North - Western Army of White movement enlisted on May 20, 1919 and in December 1919 at the headquarters of the 4th Infantry Division.

In 1917 Wiktor Konstantynowicz was living in Peterburg / St. Petersburg but on June the 14th, 1924 they lived in the town of Viljandi [around me aft. 2015 until 2022 acted a man from the Viljandi district, Emil Andrei Ambrus].

Ambros / EMIL Andrei Ambrus = Emil AMBRUS, has responsibility of damaged Karcher in JUNE/August 2022, on 22/23 August 2022. He is mixed Russia/Jew/Romani of Estonia.

And with the next individual from Tczew {Mierz.} on 16th May 2019, 12.05 p.m. - and 20th May, 18.48 and 20.18: M. Burnicki and J. Burnicki - under my house - a delay of 10 seconds in relation to me; good! And 25 May - 16.38 + R. Tur, 16.45 + The Burleigh Hotel, 2 men, 16.55 [Polish Gy..., ca 50 years old, 170 cm, from Burleigh Hotel, 30 May 2020, hide in a subway 06.02-06.05, with smarthphone]. With Dowse + Je... [Emil Ambrus / Emil Andrei Ambrus] Andrei AMBRUS / Andrei Ambros of Muraste in Eesti / Estonia; Viljandi; Tallinn - on 24 July 2019, 18.25, at Bus Station (what a connection! Two famous European minorities mixed up with LG... ideology and alcoholism). Compare Adam Michnik [minority] and his 'Gazeta Wyborcza' on 29th July 2019 wrote about Catholics and LG... Wow! And next Ro..., man, 37 years, black hair, 178 cm, Skinner Str. 32, 10th August 2019, 16.23/16.42, with a smartphone orders. And to end this stage - led from Tczew through the help of the national minority of Bydgoszcz [b. 1967] - let us reflect on the mysterious utterance of Alicja K., representative of this not yet assimilated national minority group - on June 06, 2019 she addressed me, desperately: "Bogdan, I heard, that you no longer want to work hard!" Oh my God!

The daughter of Alexandra and Victor Konstantynowicz / Wiktor Konstantinovitsch was Galina Konstantynowicz born approx. 1900 / 1902, died in Nomme after 1968 and was married to a Latvian - Dunkel / Tunkel;
she had two daughters b. ca 1925/1935, one married to a Latvian, another to a German (Irena? Rita Irene).

Balduin Heinrich Dunkel, killed in December 1934, Tallinn, born on October 18, 1890 - or died on January 6, 1935 in Keskvangla, Tallinn; the son of Johannes Dunkel
[b. on August 26, 1845 in Humala, 9 km north to Keila, in Harjumaa, died on March 15, 1935 in Tallinn - the son of Mari Tunkel Pork, 1822 in Keila, d. 1865, a daughter of Toomas Pork and Anna - MARI was the wife of Hans Tunkel -
Hans Tunkel, b. 1814 in Lepiku talu, Kumna - 3 km north-east to KEILA, Harjumaa - 4 km south-east to KARJAKULA; a son of
[Leppiko] Siim Tunkel and Mari - above Leppiko Siim, b. ca 1779 in Keila, Harju County, Estonia, died in 1846 -
see: Otto Magnus Karl Bernhard von Toll (1794 - 1799) born in Thula (Tuula), close to Saue, Harjumaa; d. 1799 in Walling (Valingu), close to Saue and Keila;
and Margaretha Elisabeth Lisette von Toll Freiin von Rosen (1769 - 1824), d. 1824 in Walling (Valingu), close to Saue and Keila.

Valingu, 4 km north-east of Tuula, 4 km south-west of Saue.

Franziska Helene Magdalena von Toll 1796 - d. 1820 in Walling (Valingu), 3 km east of Keila.
Berend Heinrich von Toll, owner of Walling and Tuula / Thula (1758 - 1829)]

and Louise-Antonie KRAMAN Dunkel / Louise-Antonie Dunkel (Kraman), b. 1861, died in 1920, a daughter of
Anton Kreemann - born ca 1831, in Luiste, 8 km south-east to Kullamaa, Estonia.

The son of (Uuetoa Mardi) Mart Kramann and (Haima kortsu Adami) Vilhelmina / Miina Kramann - b. 1806 in Marjamaa khk., Sotkula m., Estonia.
The daughter of (Meremoisa Jaagu / Haima) Adam from Muua maja, Meremoisa, Keila vald, Harjumaa.

See KEILA-JOA and
Yegor Maksimovic Pillar / Pilar von Pilhau, 1767-1830, the Russian commander of the Napoleonic wars, Maj.-Gen.,
his father Magnus Wilhelm von Pilar Pilhau, 1734 - 1801, from Hallik close to Rakvere, Lehtse south-west of Rakvere, Meremoisa close to Keila-Joa, served for the Polish army as Major in 1757.

Yegor Maksimovic Pilar has been married to Anna Fyodorovna von Hesse / Johanna Agnetha b. 1779,
had three sons and two daughters:
Alexander (1804 - 1866), Lieutenant-Captain of the Guards;
Nicholas (1815 - 1887) and
George (1819 - 1882);
Elizabeth b. 1808, and Elena b. 1811 and Leenu.

CAPTAIN Balduin Heinrich Dunkel, was the husband 1st of Maria Tunkel {Hubner, died in 1923} and 2nd to Galina Tunkel KONSTANTYNOWICZ
[1900 - 1982, the wife of Balduin Heinrich Dunkel and mother of
Georgi (Jura) Tunkel (1918 - 1942, a husband of unknown Kukk);
Tamara Bender (1925 - 1975)
and unknown Tunkel].

Balduin Heinrich Dunkel was the father of Georgi (Jura) Tunkel; Tamara Bender and KUKK-Tunkel.
Brother of Herda-Elisabeth Takel; Herbert-Friedrich Tungal; Pauline Tamberg; Emilie Jaakson; Gottfried Valentin Dunkel.
Half brother of Helene Pauline Anette Dunkel; Carl Johann Tungal / Dunkel; Marie Dunkel; Emilie Dunkel; Adele Dunkel.

Siselinna Cemetery No K VI 11/1 11/1 - Dunkel Galina on 13.08.1982 by Rita Krause.
Siselinna Cemetery No K IX 4/5 buried Krauze Rita-Ireene on 21.11.1998.
Dunkel, Balduin-Heinrich, captain, reg. file ERA.554.1.139 - ERA.1868.1.1361 on 16.03.1934-15.01.1935, that is Heinrich Dunkel, the father of Rita Irene nee Dunkel.

Victor Konstantinovich born on 20.10.1874 in Kazan, his father Konstantinovich / WASYL Konstantynowicz [see DEMONCY / Demonsi from KAZAN and Moscow; see Breguet in KAZAN !], the mother Mary Trubetskoy / Maria Trubetskaya.

Wiktor KONSTANTYNOWICZ was a sailor, Petrograd;
his wife - Alexandra, b. 03.02.1877 in Petersburg,
her father Nikolaj Iwanow, a mother Olga Ryabchinskaya / ZABCZYNSKA / Rabczynska,
Victor was living on 09/06/1934 in Nomme.

Alexandra Konstantynowicz was buried by mentioned Rita Dunkel, and in the recording of Wiktor Constantin (= Wiktor Konstantynowicz) is Galina Dunkel / Tungel or Tunkel.

Carl Johann Dunkel b. 1872 in Riisipere - d. ?, his children:
1898 Harald Johann Dunkel in Tallinn,
1899 Marga Helene Dunkel in Koogi / Joelahtme, ca 25 km east of Tallinn.

Riisipere - close to Nissi; 23 km south of Lehola.

Dunkel, Johannes was living in Tallinn, 1904.

Elisabeth Dunkel nee Koplas (her father Michel Koplas, 1840 in Vastseliina, area of Voru, Eastland - south-east part of Estonia now, and west of Pskov, 70 km) b. 1878 in Hursi, Vorumaa, Estonia but west of Pskov and died 1953 in Helsinki;
her son:
Voldemar Dunkel b. in St Petersburg and died in Helsinki;
her husband Georg Otto Dunkel, he was living in Viipurinlaani, Suomi / the Viipuri Province was a province of Finland from 1812 to 1945;
her grandson Georg Dunkel.

Above Voldemar Dunkel was born 1903 in St Petersburg - 1964 in Helsinki, Finland;
his father Georg Otto Dunkel b. 1873 in Szczecin, Western Pomerania - d. 1941 in Kirkkonummi, Finland - municipality is located just outside the Helsinki Metropolitan Area;
Voldemara's wife Taisia Dunkel nee Stanovaja / Stanovay b. 1902;
her sons:
Albert, Eugen and Georg Dunkel - Finland - his son Manuel Dunkel.

Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska b. ca 1819, married ARMAND in Moscow and her genealogical branch.

Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick led the German delegation and the English one was led by a close friend of Falk, General Charles R. Rainsford (1728-1809), a British MP, and Swedenborgian Freemason.
In 1783, Rainsford, who had been collaborating with Falk on a Kabbalistic-Masonic scheme, received inquiries from Parisian Masons about Falk's system.

The 1785 congress convened by the Amis Reunis and the Philalethes was also attended by the Anton Mesmer, Comte St. Germain and Comte Cagliostro, another student of Rabbi Falk. Cagliostro, had all the secrets of Dr. Falk. Catherine the Great was reportedly also associated with the Comte St. Germain. St. Germain was in St Petersburg, where he participated in a conspiracy when the Russian army assisted Catherine in usurping the throne from her husband Peter III of Russia.

"... It was Falk who sent Cagliostro on the mission of Egyptian Freemasonry. Cagliostro had been initiated into the rite by the Comte St. Germain. Cagliostro was very close to the Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Malta, Manuel Pinto de Fonseca. Cagliostro founded the Rite of High Egyptian Masonry in 1784. Between 1767 and 1775, he received the three high hermetic degrees Arcana Arcanorum from Sir Knight Luigi d'Aquino, the brother of the national Grand Master of Neapolitan Masonry. In 1788, Cagliostro introduced them into the Rite of Misraim and gave a patent to this Rite".

... Cagliostro's Egyptian Rite was a very complex system of oracles, quasi-Egyptian rituals and ceremonial magic.

Falk was born in Poland to a Sabbatean family and came to England in 1742. Falk lived in Brunswick, and in Westphalia.

Rabbi Jacob Emden accused Falk of being a Sabbatean, as he invited Moses David of Podhayce / PODHAJCE, a known Sabbatean with connections to Jonathan Eibeschutz, to his home [the owner was Stanislaw Potocki Rewera (1589 in Podhajce - 1667 in Lwow).
This is line of ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice who was the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR
(the friend of General Franciszek Paszkowski and his brother Wojciech Paszkowski. This is line to Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand and to Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna Armand - they acted with Lenin)
and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.
They came from Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760 and from Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735 {see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski - Poninski + CAGLIOSTRO !};
and Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748.

Dominik Oskierka b. ca 1770 + Salomea Gizycka, and Salomea had children:
1.
Maria Oskierka b. ca 1790 + Jan Gizycki;
and 2.
Kajetan Oskierka b. 1821 + Pss Stefania Julia Radziwill - the owner of MIEZONKA - until 1842, then to my family of Dominik Konstantynowicz - the same branch like Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna ARMAND.

MIEZONKA
[in 1842/November 1918 Miezonka was the property of the Konstantynowiczs - the branch of Viljandi, Kazan and Moscow - here Apolon Konstantynowicz m. Anna ARMAND, the granddaughter of Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska, b. ca 1819 at the Greater Poland, the daughter of General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, the granddaughter of Jan Paszkowski who moved home to BRODY in Podolia],
13 km east to Lubuszany, the Potocki's property with BEREZYNA in Belarus nad ZATOR in Galicia.

The ZABIELLO family and Wojciech Paszkowski born in 1780, supported by the Templar, Artur Potocki. Wojciech was the son of Jan Paszkowski b. 1742. Wojciech had 2 brothers [or more half-brothers]: Dominik Paszkowski and General Franciszek Paszkowski - my father family line by the Armands in Moscow.

Wojciech Paszkowski born in 1765 or in 1780
[he co-operated with Artur Potocki of Zator, Templars Freemason, and Artur's family owned Berezyna-Lubuszany in Belarus, 13 km to Miezonka owned in 1842 by my family of Dominik Konstantynowicz and Dominik's grandson Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz of Oswieja in northern Belarus, who came from the Malnow-Rzeczyca area in Polish Livland / Inflanty in the south-east Latvia now],
was the son of Jan Paszkowski b. 1742, and Petronela Kulikowska born ca 1755.

Wojciech PASZKOWSKI had 2 brothers / half-brother:
Dominik Paszkowski and General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski closest to General Tadeusz Kosciuszko and to General Fiszer and Axamitowski.

Wojciech Paszkowski married ca 1805 or after 1805 to Ludwina Galezka, with the daughter Jozefa Paszkowska b. ca 1810, married in 1828, in Checiny. Above WOJCIECH Paszkowski had a son born 1805, an officer of the 1831 Uprising; and Wojciech Paszkowski had next daughter married Schwarzenberg-Czerny.

Julianna Czerny or Julia Franciszka Szwarcenberg-Czerny (born Paszkowska in 1813), was the daughter of Wojciech Paszkowski b. in 1765/1780 + Ludwika GALESKA / Ludwina Galezka Paszkowski b. in 1783.

Julianna Paszkowska m. Piotr Pawel Szwarcenberg-Czerny b. in 1815 in Goluchowice, in the Bedzin County, the son of Jozef Szwarcenberg-Czerny and Marianna.

GOLUCHOWICE:
Wysoka, 4 km north-east to Chruszczobrod; 7 km east to Goluchowice. And 2 km north to Wiesiolka.
Wysoka - here probably Gabriel Jozef Longin Taszycki was born in 1755; maybe in Rudniki.

Both Czeslaw Kiszczak and Miroslaw Milewski [1945 in Vien / Wieden and in 1944 in SUWALKI they were took by the intelligence services of the Red Army] derived their genealogies from the Andrychow region, where also Wojtyla's family lived in CZANIEC. Some of these estates near Andrychow belonged to the ROMER family and to the Szwarcenberg-Czerny joined by marriage with the Bystrzanowski family [1776 co-operated with Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and to Wojciech Paszkowski, the brother of General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski.

General Franciszek Paszkowski's daughter, Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska intermarried to the Armand family in Moscow, and her granddaughter Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand led Lenin on behalf of the Polish underground associated with Jozef Pilsudski and the British intelligence net / the Illuminati of London. Anna Konstantynowicz had the son Jerzy Konstantynowicz b. 1898, nick-name Marian Stankiewicz, P. Siedlecki in 1939, Marian Konstantynowicz aft. Dec. 1918.

Jozef Pilsudski was a friend of the family Andrzejak from Koluszki Stare near Lodz bef. 1914 - Adela Andrzejak m. Karol Zbieranowski born in MIEZONKA, the friend of Andrzejak, Szostak, Konstantynowicz.

Andrzejak "Czarny" was living in Miezonka and Moscow during the First World War. Andrzejak joined themselves in marriage ties both with Zbieranowski from Miezonka and with Wiktoria Konstantynowicz Zbieranowska, a daughter of Stanislaw Konstantynowicz, the owner of the post-Radziwill property in Miezonka.

Leszek Moczulski was sent to Bush to the US as a representative of civil intelligence led by General Miroslaw Milewski.

The main people protecting Leszek Moczulski were Adam Slomka from Katowice, Andrzej Ostoja-Owsiany from Lodz / Andrzej Owsiany who was a relative of Andrzej Terlecki. Both the Gypsy families. The son of Andrzej Owsiany, born in 1962, was Adam Owsiany took the office of the head of counterintelligence in Lodz after 1992. Then, after 2002, he became one of the founders of the Civil Intelligence Agency in Warsaw, together with General Zbigniew Nowek from Bydgoszcz and Torun, together with Wabrzezno, Tczew, Bydgoszcz, Torun - Wrzosy, Chelmza, Gniew over the Vistula.

Adam Owsiany, around 2005-2010, headed the Human Resources Department of the Civil Intelligence Agency based in Warsaw. He was involved in the recruitment of agents in Senegal, Venezuela aft. 2008, and Gabon along with Colombia and Spain. General Zbigniew Nowek is Gypsy Sinti like Tadeusz Sedzicki from Krokusowa 59 in Lodz. Jaworski from Krokusowa 57 and Halina Wodkiewicz from the village of Leszno, 7 km south of Przasnysz, around 1952 married Jaworski, are colleagues to Tadeusz Cieslak from Krokusowa 72A. Monika Bogucka, married to Sedzicki, is a person who met Paulina from Police in Spring 2005 abroad. Leszek Moczulski was the head of the Confederation of Independent Poland, which we started to reserach in the 1980s when Leszek Moczulski was the communist agent.

The Institute of National Remembrance supported this investigation by giving the names of high communist intelligence officers who headed Moczulski, who was later taken over by Bronislaw Geremek, a Jew from DZBADZ, a few kilometers south of Rozan, sheltered in Dzbadz by Gypsies Baszczynski. Robert Leszek Moczulski, served Department I and II in Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw - see Colonel K. Slawinski. Among others with Deputy of the Ministry of the Interior and Top Departments of the Polish United Workers' Party.

Stanislaw Radziwill b. 1722, d. 1787, the son of Mikolaj Faustyn. The father of Anna Olimpia Mostowski. Stanislaw had the daughter Franciszka Teofila Radziwill.

Named Franciszka Teofila Soltan nee Radziwill, b. ca 1751, the mother of Adam Leon Ludwik Soltan; Karolina Piottuch-Kublicka; Helena Soltan and Anna Soltan.

Named KAROLINA was the mother of
Emilija Augusta Justina Kublicka; Adolf Kublicki; Valentina Kublicka / Walentyna Piottuch-Kublicka; Anna Benislawska and OKTAWIA Piottuch Kublicka.

Oktawia was the wife of JOZEF SZUMSKI [with the son Wilhelm Szumski] and DOMINIK Konstantynowicz [sometimes as Vincentas Konstantinovicius] of MIEZONKA.

The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - the daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand; Eugene Armand / Eugeniusz Armand was born about 1842 and Eugeniusz was the son of Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski, the friend of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko - compare the godson [in Poznan in 1785] of Tadeusz Kosciuszko ie. Tadeusz Wolanski born in Szawle and he was living in Pakosc - Krotoszyn close to Pakosc; Inowroclaw - the Illuminati network of Curland / Mitawa; see Cagliostro here and the Illuminati in MALTA.

The cousin of General Franciszek Paszkowski - Paszkowski Franciszek (1818-1883), JUNIOR, painter, landowner, deputy to the Galician parliament, economic activist. Franciszek Paszkowski was the son of Dominik Paszkowski and Anna Niemojewska (died 1872), and Franciszek was the younger brother of Jozef Edmund Paszkowski. He learned painting with Rafal Hadziewicz, and then with Wojciech K. Stattler in Cracow, where he lived with his uncles Franciszek PASZKOWSKI, general, and General's brother - Wojciech PASZKOWSKI junior, a member of the Galician government in 1809, the manager of the Trzebnica estate and Krzeszowice.

Franciszek Paszkowski - painter - went to Dusseldorf (1838), Dresden and Rome for further studies. He painted religious paintings, and many portraits: his father, brother and uncle, General Franciszek PASZKOWSKI in 1814 [in Warsaw], Tytus Chalubinski, and Antonina Jachowicz.

Compare - MARIA WILHELMINA PASZKOWSKA ARMAND of MOSCOW, painter, the daughter of named General Franciszek Paszkowski. General was the best friend of General Tadeusz Kosciuszko. Tadeusz Kosciuszko was the god-father of Tadeusz Wolanski b. 1785 in SZAWLE.

Falk was born in Poland to a Sabbatean family and came to England in 1742. Falk lived in Brunswick, and in Westphalia. Rabbi Jacob Emden accused Falk of being a Sabbatean, as he invited Moses David of Podhayce / PODHAJCE, a known Sabbatean with connections to Jonathan Eibeschutz, to his home [the owner was Stanislaw Potocki Rewera (1589 in Podhajce - 1667 in Lwow).

This is line of ANDRZEJ POTOCKI of Krzeszowice who was the grandson of Artur Potocki, 1787-1832, the Freemason-TEMPLAR
(the friend of General Franciszek Paszkowski and his brother Wojciech Paszkowski. This is line to Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married Armand and to Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna Armand - they acted with Lenin)
and Zofia Branicka 1790- 1879.
They came from Stanislaw Potocki 1698-1760 and Helena Zamoyska 1717-1760
and from Michal Zdzislaw Saryusz Zamoyski - the Smolensk governor, 1679-1735
{see Wilkowo Polskie - Kiedrzynski - Pradzynski - Szoldrski - Poninski + CAGLIOSTRO !};
and Jozef Stanislaw Potocki (1673-1751) = Jozef Potocki in Cracow in 1748].

Note to above Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska b. ca 1819:

Evgeny Armand Ivanovich / Evgeny second / Eugene-Louis Armand was b. 1809 and died 1890, was a son of Jean Armand / Ivan and his first wife Elizabeth; was married to a Polish woman, Catholic - Mary Frantsevna Pashkovskaya / Maria Paszkowski, the daughter of General Franciszek Paszkowski. She was born 1819, died 1901, and was highly educated, c. 1840 studied painting in France; she was a woman of strong and humble disposition. Maria had a tender heart. In contrast to the position of her husband, his wife was educated, and drew quite well, in France she drew the ruins of castles and really liked them; Evgeny built in a park such ruins.

Maria Wilhelmina Armand was the daughter of general Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski with the Zadora coat of arms who was born 12 October 1778 in Brody - d. 11 March 1856 in Cracow, the friend of general Tadeusz Kosciuszko and General Stanislaw FISZER.

Maria Paszkowska / Maria Wilhelmina Paszkovski has got three sons:
Eugene / Eugeniusz Armand, the 'third';
Adolph / Adolf Armand;
and Emilie Armand that is Emil.

Emil Eugenevich Armand was married to Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke). They had six children: Leo (1880 - 1942), Natalie (1881 - ?), Mary (1883 -), Sophia (1885 - 1923?), Paul (1887 - 1892), Eugene (1890 -). They intermarried with the family Kindinger and others.

Eugene Armand born about 1842, Adolph b. circa 1845 and Emilie about 1847. All the sons had taken the house close to Pushkino factory c. 1875.

Above Adolf Armand and his wife, Alexandra Lengold had three children:
Andrew (1875 - 1884 ?), Helena (1876 - 1958) and Margaret (1881 - 1882).
They intermarried with the families of Repman [see - Evgenija Repman / Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937)], Gauthier, Doble, and others.

Evgenija Repman / Eugene Albertovna (1870-1937) - the daughter of Repman, Hristianovich Albert, 1834-1917, who studied in Moscow College until 1853. EVGENIJA was the director of the 1st Moscow cooperative high school - gymnasium of E. A. Repman - Armand.

ALBERT Repman married to JULIA KRAUSS, 1848-1922, the daughter of Bogdan Kraus / Krauze. Evgenija Repman was the Armand family relatives.
Her sister was Elena Albertovna Deysha / Deyshu / Georgij PIESKOV (1885-1977) - novelist, Elena graduated from the Higher Courses for Women in Moscow, married a hydraulic engineer Adrian Deyshu Vasilyevich (1886-1952).

Remember about A. Konstantinovich / Apollon (Apollo Konstantynowicz, Palemon, Apolon Konstantinovich) Konstantynowicz, the son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz / Wasilij Konstantynowicz;
Apolon Konstantynowicz was the owner of the technical office in Moscow, worked for Breguet, and with Duflon. Apolon Konstantynowicz married Anna Armand of Moscow; Apolon was the son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz and the grandson of Dominik Konstantynowicz of Miezonka b. ca 1800/1805.

Wasilij / Wasyl Constantinowitz / Konstantynowicz, was general of the Russian Army, and Leon Bakst (1866 - 1924) is our far kinsman: his relatives, families Tretyakov, Barsak, Klyachko and Manfred.

Nestor Troubecki vel Nester Kalinowski in 1857 went to Vienna, in 1859 returned to Krakow, promote the Ruthenian Catholic Church, the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church and Ruthenian language; in 1863 the outbreak of January Uprising and he was involved in the secret 'Prowincjonalny Litewski Komitet' in Vilnius / Wilno; Trubecki was a member of the 'Miedzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat' and a contributor of the 'Wolny Swiat' in 1904; in 1905 went to Warsaw in the Congress Poland and next fled arrest in April 1906 and went to Zurich and Geneva;
"...lived in several European countries and returned to Congress Poland; active in the Polish-Belarusian underground resistance until his death in 1907".

Above Prince Nestor Grigorievich Troubetzkoy / Nester / Nestor Grigoriewicz Trubecki, a landowner and revolutionary, international journalist and from 1901 "correspondent of Freiheit, Neues Leben, Der Anarchist, Der Freie Arbeiter, Wolny Swiat, Der Generalstreik, Der Weckruf, member of Jan Machajski's squad in Geneva", was born and died in Poland, b. in 1832 (?) in Free City of Cracow or in 1840 (!) - died in 1907 Warsaw.

The mother of named Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski was countess Maria Kalinowska.

Probably Maria Kalinowska Trubecka was born after 1805 - ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski. The genealogy of Maria Kalinowska has to be proven, but it appears that the family was listed below:
her mother Emilia Potocka b. 1790 and married Kalinowski and second time married to Czeliszczew;
the father Josif / Jozef Kalinowski / Osip Kalinowski b. after 1780 ? and died 1825;
the grandfather was Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759 and the grandmother Elzbieta Bielska from Olbrachcice b. ca 1760.

Above Emilia Potocka married first to Kalinowski and second time to Czeliszczew, was born 1790 and her parents:
Protazy Antoni Potocki b. 1761 and mother Marianna Lubomirska (Zubow, Potocki, Uwarow) born 1773 or Marianna Elzbieta Lubomirska b. ca 1766 - 1810.

The husband of above Maria Kalinowska {countess Maria Kalinowska was born after 1805 or ca 1819} was Gregory / Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Petrovich Trubecki who - settled before 1832 in the Kingdom of Poland - was born in 1802 after death of his father, and died in 1879 or 11 January 1874
- his brother Prince Jurij Petrovich Trubeckoj / Yuri Troubetzkoy was born 1796, died 1859 (married to Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky / Czajkowski daughter of Mikolaj Czajkowski).

His sister Anna nee Trubecki / Trubetsky / Anna Kozhoukhova born 23 December 1793 died 29 March 1827 (married to Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov / Aleksander Kozuchow or Kozuchowski, the son of Stefan Kozuchow or Kozuchowski).

Above Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Trubetsky / Gregori Trubiacki / Grzegorz Trubecki was a Prince of the Troubetzkoy family. He married above MARIA Kalinowska (lived in St Petersburg to 1840, then in Cracow).

Grigory Troubeckoy / Grzegorz Trubecki was the son of Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy / Prince Petr Nikolaevich Troubetskoy born 18 November 1773 and died 16 November 1801 and Nadezhda Ivanovna Pestov / nee Pestova born 1793.

Above Prince Piotr Trubeckoy / Petr Nikolaevich TRUBECKI b. 1773 and d. 1801 had parents:
mother Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Czerkasskaja / Princess Varvara Alexandrovna Tcherkassky, and her husband Nikolai Trubeckoy / Nicholas Nikitich Trubeckoj b. 1744 and d. 1820 / 1821, a writer, who was the son of
Prince Nikita Trubecki / Nikitita Jurevich Troubeckoy (1699 - 1767, for 3 years as head of the Military Board with the rank of Field Marshal General).

Prince Nikita was son of Jurij Jurevich Troubeckoy (1668 - 1739), Russian statesman, privy councilor, senator.

Above Prince Nikita 7 months after the death of the first wife, married the widow of Major Matthew Kheraskov - Anna Danilovna, a daughter of Prince Daniel DRUCKI-SOKOLNICKI;
Anne Danilovna was primarily married to major Matvey Andreyevich Kheraskov.

Above Daniil Andreevich Druckij - Sokolinskij died 1752.

Above named Anna Danilovna Drucka-Sokolinskaja (Cheraskova, Trubeckaja) died 1780; she had son born in 1744 in Moscow - above Nikolay Nikitich Troubeckoy the 3rd, 1744 - 1820.
The family had 8 sons
Yuri, Nikolai, Alexei, Nicholas, Nicholas II, Alexander, Alexander II, Basil,
and 5 daughters: Anna, Maria, Elena, Elena II, Catherine. Of the 13 children, 6 died in infancy.

TRUBETSKOY Nikolai Nikitich (1744-1821) is known as a close friend of Novikov and one of the main members of society Martinists. In 1796 Paul I sent him to the Voronezh province, but he was soon appointed as a senator in Moscow Senate.
This Society had a close connection to the Franco-Masons and the Illuminati, in the end of the XVIII century, was a lot of branches in Russia and Germany. Many of its members were of royal and high-ranking foreign persons, such as the Duke of Brunswick, Duke Kassalsky, Velkner, Prussian First Minister, etc.
Many of the members were the Russians: Lopuhin Ivan, Ivan Turgenev, Kutuzov, Tatishchev, Chebotarev, etc.

His brother Prince Yuri Nikitich Troubeckoy, who was also a member of society Martinists, had a name Neasta (Neastes).

Maria Kalinowska married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki was sister of Seweryna Kalinowska, Jozefina and Olga, but this data need to be check, of course!

Above countess Olga Osipovna Kalinowskaja born 1818 or 1822 was married to Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski b. 1808, d. 1863 from Belarus in 1844 and her son: Bohdan / Bogdan Oginski was born in 1849.
She was lover of Alexander II, tsar of Russia who was born in Moscow on 29. 04. 1818. This Emperor has children from two marriages and children with two different women: with NN princess Lubomirska ca 1867 and with above Olga, countess Kalinovsky / Olga nee Kalinowska was son Michael-Bogdan or Bogdan / Bohdan Oginski, prince Oginski born 10. 10. 1848 or 1849 married after to Gabrielle-Marie, countess Potulicka / Maria Potulicki.

Above Ireneusz Oginski, duke, lived in the Kovno government, and was landowner of Retow and Zalesie.
Bogdan Oginski died on 25. 03. 1909.

Sister of Olga:
Jozefina Kalinowska born 1816, was also married to duke Ireneusz Kleofas Oginski who was born 1808.

And Seweryna Kalinowski b. 1814 d. 1852 was married to Nikolai / Mikolaj Plautyn b. 1794 or 1796, d. 24 December 1866, a son of Fiodor Sergiejewicz Plautyn / Plautin died 1807?
Above Nikolai Fedorovich Plautin was an outstanding military leader and statesman of the Russian Empire, General of Cavalry 1856, Adjutant General 1849, a member of the State Council in 1862.

Note on count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759:
his father was Ignacy Kalinowski born ca 1720 died 1782 and his mother was Justyna Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error) -
Justyna was a daughter of Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739) and Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715),
and married ca 1765 to Ignacy Kalinowski; she died after 1780?.

The father of above Ludwika Marianna Pociej was Ludwik Konstanty Pociej.

Ludwik Konstanty Pociej, and Kazimierz Aleksander Pociej were sons of Leonard Gabriel Pociej b. 1632, died in 1695; Leonard Pociej was closest friend of Marcjan Aleksander Oginski, the son of wife's brother.

Leonard Gabriel Pociej married to Regina Oginska, primo voto Walter Korff of Troki.
Above Regina Pociej nee Oginska, b. circa 1624, died ca 1700, was the daughter of Samuel Leon Oginski and Zofia Billewicz.

REGINA was the sister of Jan Oginski; Szymon Karol Symeon Oginski, and Helena Tyszkiewicz, inf. by Viktorija Janina Ruskuliene.
Above Samuel Leon Oginski b. ca 1593, d. 1657.

Jan Teodor Lubomirski adopted Elisabeth's children as his own:
Pss Maria Susanna Anna Christ, b. Cracow in 1722, d. in Vienna in 1771 [Anna Esterhazy born Lubomirska / Maria Susanna Anna Esterhazy De Galantha], m. in Warsaw in 1744 to Gf Miklos Esterhazy de Galantha (1711 - 1764);
and next adopted son Pr Kasper Lubomirski, Russian General-Lieutenant, who died 1780, m. Pss Barbara Lubomirska
with the daughter above named
MARIA Lubomirska / Pss Marianna Lubomirska {2nd}, 1773 - 1810,
1st m. (div) Protazy Antoni Potocki (1761 - 1801) with daughter EMILIA POTOCKA m. to JOZEF KALINOWSKI d. 1825 [see WOLA PSZCZOLECKA and Walewski, Radolinski, Sulimierski, Kiedrzynski;
with daughters:
Jozefina b. 1816, OLGA b. 1822, SEWERYNA, and MARIA TRUBECKA nee Kalinowska {see an affair in St Petersburg in 1840, and 1. her daughter Maria Trubecka m. KONSTANTYNOWICZ of Viljandi and Tallinn in Estonia and 2. NESTOR Trubecki vel Kalinowski}].

MARIA Lubomirska / Pss Marianna 2nd time married to Ct Valerian Alexandrovich Zubow, general of infantry (1771 - St.Petersburg in 1804);
the 3rd m. Feodor Petrovich Uvarov, general of cavalry (1769 / 1773 - St. Petersburg in 1824).

MARIA Lubomirska / Pss Marianna, b. 1773 had sister Pss Jozefa Lubomirska, 1 st m. Adam Walewski [see Jedlno and Wola Wiazowa];
the 2nd m. Ct Joseph de Witt (died 1814).

Adam Walewski + Jozefa Lubomirska had 2 children:
a.
Tadeusz Walewski (1795-1855), in 1828 m. to Anna Karwicka / Ann Dunin-Karwicka (1797-1881), a daughter of General Krzysztof Karwicki;
b.
Izabela Walewska [Izabela Walewska 1800-1886 m. Siergiej Gagaryn 1795-1852 / the chief chamberlain Sergei Sergeyevich Gagarin,
with a daughter Maria GAGARIN, 1829-1906, and a son Siergiej Gagaryn 1832-1890 {Prince}].

The husband of above Maria Kalinowska {countess Maria Kalinowska was born after 1805 or ca 1819} was Gregory / Grigory Troubetzkoy / Grigorij Petrovich Trubecki who - settled before 1832 in the Kingdom of Poland - was born in 1802 after death of his father, and died in 1879 or 11 January 1874
- his brother Prince Jurij Petrovich Trubeckoj / Yuri Troubetzkoy was born 1796, died 1859 (married to Olga Nikolaevna Tchaikovsky / Czajkowski daughter of Mikolaj Czajkowski).
His sister Anna nee Trubecki / Trubetsky / Anna Kozhoukhova born 23 December 1793, died 29 March 1827 (married to Alexandr Stepanovitch Kozhoukhov / Aleksander Kozuchow or Kozuchowski, a son of Stefan Kozuchow or Kozuchowski).

MARIA TRUBECKA nee Kalinowska {see an affair in St Petersburg in 1840} had two children:
1. her daughter Maria Trubecka m. KONSTANTYNOWICZ of Viljandi and Tallinn in Estonia
and 2.
NESTOR Trubecki vel Kalinowski.

Maria Kalinowska m. Trubecka / Duke Trubecki / Grigory Troubetzkoy b. 1802 and died 11 January 1874, who was the son of Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy b. 18 November 1773.

Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. 1840 acc. to Cosroe Dusi: May 30.
This morning began the portrait of Countess Josephine Kalinovskaya / Jozefina Kalinowska ... 1840, June, the 27. This morning the family Branicki leaves with Countess Kalinovsky. They ordered me a portrait of an older sister, who is married to General Plautin / Plautyn and lives in Tsarskoye Selo.

And Olga Kalynovska / Kalinowska goes away from court, to his native Poland, where she get married; Alexander Romanov agrees to marry Mary Hesse-Darmstadt.

Nestor Troubetzkoy (with nickname Nester Kalinowski) had a sister Maria. His sister's name would be given by the mother Maria of the Kalinowski house:
Mary Kalinowski who had affinities with family of Oginski; in turn, this family was associated with the Radziwills and then with the Konstantynowiczs in Miezonki.

Maria Trubeckoi / Duchess Maria Troubetzkoy / Mary Trubecki was born 1835 / 1840 / 1850. Duchess Maria Troubeckoy married Konstantinovich - genealogical research go towards demonstrating that her husband's name was Vasily / Wasyl Konstantynowicz of Kazan, the son of Dominik Konstantynowicz of MIEZONKA; Wasilij or Vasily Konstantynowicz was born about 1840.

Therefore, we have strong links between the 'Duflon and Konstantynowicz' Company in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zaporozhya / Zaporoze / Alexandrovsk and with Estonia, including Tallinn, Viljandi and Parnu. These relations also apply Miezonki, Lodz, the secret Pilsudski movement in Belarus and Estonia and the smuggling of weapons from Russia to Galicia by Lodz.

Two families: Kalinowski and Paszkowski, has a lot connections.

Count Jozef KALINOWSKI / Joseph Kalinowski fought in the Polish Legions, among others between 1806 and 1807 - Silesia, Westphalia, etc. Similarly, the colonel and then general Franciszek Paszkowski. Both participated in the Napoleonic wars, years 1812- 1813. Returned to the country in 1814. Then Paszkowski, and Kalinowski, have made a Free City of Krakow (ca 1819/1820) and established families. Their children were born just after 1816. Both have completed military service in the rank of general. Both family came from south of the former Poland, after in the Russian zone, and also in the Austrian partition, but had a relationships with families living in Russia.

Nestor Troubetzkoy had father:
Grigory Troubetzkoy b. 1802 and died 11 January 1874;
the grandfather - Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy b. 18 November 1773 - died 16 November 1801.

And mother of Nestor Trubecki or Nester Trubiacki / Troubetzkoy vel Nestor Kalinowski was Countess Maria Kalinowska. Probably she was born (after 1805) ca 1819 and it was the same age as Maria Paszkowska / Mary Armand nee Paszkowski.

Ludwik Konstanty Pociej b. 1664, d. 30 January 1730, in 1709 commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian army, his parents: Leonard Gabriel Pociej and Regina Oginska.

Ludwik Konstanty Pociej was the father of Ludwika Marianna Pociej (b. ca 1715) who married to Franciszek Borzecki (ca 1693 - 1739)
with the daughter
Justyna KALINOWSKA Borzecka (m. Ignacy Kalinowski born ca 1720 died 1782).
Her son was count Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski b. 1759.

Justyna nee Borzecka b. ca 1735 (1710 it's error).

Above named Seweryn Ksawery Kalinowski was born 1759, married in 1780 to Elzbieta Bielski from Olbrachcice born ca 1760 with children:
1.
Jozef Kalinowski / Osip Kalinowski, the general of Polish Army, b. after 1780, died 1825 - his wife Emilia Potocka born 1790 {Marianna Elzbieta Uvarova nee Lubomirska, ca 1766 - d. 1810, was daughter of Kasper Lubomirski and Barbara Poninska; she was the wife of Protazy Antoni Potocki; Count Valerian Zubov, and Uvarov; she was the mother of above Emilia Kalinowska},
2.
Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784, d. 1831 and
3.
Justyna Kalinowska married Russocka b. 1790, d. 1876.

Above Ignacy Franciszek Kalinowski b. 1784, d. 1831, had a son Wladyslaw Kalinowski.

Children of mentioned count Jozef Kalinowski:
1. Seweryna b. 1814 d. 1852,
2. Jozefina Kalinowska married Oginska, born 1816 and died 1844;
3. Olga born 1822, died 7 April 1899 in Retow;
4. Maria Kalinowska (Maria Kalinowska Trubecka) married Troubetzkoy / Trubecki - the line in Estonia.

The Potockics took Berezyna and Lubuszany, 13 km to our MIEZONKA in Belarus. The Konstantynowiczs intermarried Piottuch-Kublicki and Soltan, and they came from Stanislaw Radziwill b. 1722.

Rozalia Krasnopolska b. ca 1788/1790, m. ca 1820 to Onufry Paszkowski. Rozalia was the daughter of Michal Krasnopolski b. 1764, d. in 1836 + GOLKOWSKA, b. ca 1775 - d. 1815. Rozalia had a daughter b. ca 1820.

Named Onufry PASZKOWSKI died bef. 1853, the owner of Suchy Potok. Rozalia d. in 1854 in Horodnica. They had a daughter Helena Paszkowska Dziduszycka b. 1810/1814 in Jablonka + Count Eugeniusz Dzieduszycki b. 1801, the owner of Potoczyska.

Franciszek Onufry Paszkowski b. 1790/1805 + Rozalia Krasnopolska b. ca 1788/1790, had 3 children:
1. Helena Dzieduszycka nee Paszkowska;
2. Ludwika Janiszewska nee Paszkowska;
3. and one more ie.
Feliks Paszkowski b. ca 1830 or bef. 1830 intermarried in ZGIERZ to PAWINSKI-Findeisen clan of CHOCEN and Swiedziebnia with roots from Nostitz-Jackowski and Swiatopelk-Mirski, and of Rodys, the Germans of Przasnysz. The Findeisen family came from Saxony, Germany.

Jadwiga Pawinska, 1868-1924, married in 1886, she was the social activist, had a son Tadeusz Pawinski / Thaddeus, philologist; JADWIGA's husband was Jozef Pawinski / Pawinski Joseph (1851-1925), a doctor of the Hospital of the Infant Jesus and St. Spirit in Warsaw, the Polish co-founder of cardiology. Jozef Pawinski was born in Zgierz in 1851, the son of JAN PAWINSKI + Amalia Krohn, the German woman; Jozef Pawinski b. 1851, was the brother [half-brother] of Adolf Pawinski b. 1840 and to TEKLA PAWINSKA m. PASZKOWSKA b. ca 1845, married FELIKS Paszkowski b. ca 1830, not ca 1850 [younger], with the son Kazimierz Paszkowski b. aft. 1880.

Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1850-1906 m. in 1882, Agrippina Djaparidse / Agrippina JAPARIDZE, 1855-1926, with a daughter Alexandra von Oldenburg, Grafin von Zarnekau, 1883-1957.

The JAPARIDZES, see Armand - PASZKOWSKI - DEMONSI home in Moscow and the Konstantynowicz line of Moscow-Swolna-Miezonka-Lida.

Sergei Shipov, b. in 1790, was descended from a well-to-do gentry family in Kostroma province. In 1832 he served Ministry of War. 1841 - 1846 the governor of KAZAN - compare DEMONSI and Wasyl Konstantynowicz + Breguet in KAZAN + V. A. KOKOREV in KAZAN ca 1843 {1844 tax reform note on farms; near LIKHACHEV before 1844; 1843-1844 he had two farms close to Kazan}.

The ARMAND family from Moscow [+ General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski] and the French roots of the Konstantynowicz family [Anna Armand Konstantynowicz and Inessa Armand - Lenin Uljanov] - Prometheism / PROMETHEISM of Poles in Russia, 1877/1878 - 1904:

Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution.

Paul Armand b. ca 1762 was a prosperous farmer in Normandie and sympathized royalists. He, settling in Paris, opened the building workshop; there he married Angelica, b. 1767, the daughter of Charles from Alsatie; he decided to build his commerce on the French wines trade in Russia. Once the ship crashed in the Bay of Biscay and it ruined family of Armand in 1791. But Paul soon had good commercial relations in shipping ports of south France (Nice and Marseille probably).

The 29 year-old General Paul Armand, in 1791 [Jean-Louis Armand in 1799], came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay.
He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine in 1791. After the shipwreck of wine in the Bay of Biscay, Armand transfered trade of wines to the Mediterranean ports of France, in 1792/1793, it took place perhaps during the continental blockade taken by England against Napoleon. Then, after 1815, the trade lasted maybe until the Crimean War in the 50's of the 19th century.

Paul Armand ran the wine trade through the ports in the south of France to Russia: a probable route from Marseille - Nice - after Italian Naples - Smyrna / Smyrne (see the Ralli Brothers from London, Marseille, India) in Turkey - Crimea / Krym, where the Armand family had a very good trade agreements. A Demonsi / Demontet family ran in Moscow and in KAZAN a sales of these French wines.

When Paul Armand married [ca 1783 / 1785], he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats at first. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand in MOSCOW, was trading house of DEMONSI / Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.

Jean-Louis Armand, from his first marriage [ca 1806] to Elizabeth Osipovna (1786 / 1788 - 1817), Sabine called her, had a son Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809. From his second marriage, Jean-Louis and Marie-Barbe, nee Collignon (1780 - 1872) had a daughter Sophia, married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hoecke/ Hacker [compare HACKER of Estonia in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company].

Jan Paszkowski b. 1742 [Dabrowno with Sebastian Bystrzanowski] had the sons:
1.
Wojciech Paszkowski
[Trzebniow belonged to Sebastian Bystrzanowski, and the estate was managed by Wojciech Paszkowski who was the friend to Artur Potocki - the bearer of the Templar degree of the Freemasonry + Artur's friend in CRACOW, General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski in CRACOW in 1830/1832 + the Templars around General Franciszek Paszkowski in Cracow after 1840 - the line to Duke Kent in Scotland
- the line to Demonsi of KAZAN; Armand of Moscow {+ Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska Armand + Anna Konstantynowicz / Lenin and Inessa Armand / Lenin};
Breguet {+ Kazan in the 40' of the 19th cent., St. Petersburg, Duflon, Venture de Paradise, Maleszewski - Poniatowski, Jozef Sulkowski};
Duflon {+ Drzewiecki + Martynov / Katenin / Orlov Denisov} + Konstantynowicz / Armand in Moscow, Swolna, Miezonka, Nomme-Tallinn];
2.
General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski + political relationships with General Stanislaw Fiszer + General Tadeusz Kosciuszko [Kosciuszko - the friend of Thomas Jefferson - the ILLUMINATI - see Polish conspirators:
Szaniawski, Horodyski, Neyman, Soltyk, and MALESZEWSKI - 1789 in France and the ILLUMINATI - Breguet and KAZAN].

Tadeusz Kosciuszko, the hero of Poland and the United States, was under care of the Czartoryski-Poniatowski-Gordon of Scotland clan. Happily saved from the maritime disaster, stayed in July 1776 at Martinique and moved to America to fight for the independence of the United States. Tadeusz Kosciuszko set off from France to America in July 1776. At the Martinique coast, the ship crashed on the reefs, but Kosciuszko and five other Poles survived - they flowed with him as volunteers to the American army. They spent a month in Martinique because no ships were traveling due to numerous storms. Unable to wait, they hired a small fishing boat and sailed to Miami [Spanish city]. Information about the catastrophe of the Kosciuszko ship was released only one year later in the 'Nowiny' newspaper. Kosciuszko was already a colonel of the American army. He was there for eight years, during which he fought for independence of the United States.

Apollon (Apollo, Apellon) Wasylewicz Konstantynowicz who b. ca 1862, was the son of Wasilij / Wasyl Konstantynowicz who was born ca 1835 / 1840. The wife of Apollon was Anna Armand, oldest - Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow - the daughter of Evgenii / Eugeniusz Armand / Eugene born about 1842.

Apollon's children were living in Switzerland and Paris. They came from Varvara Karlovna Demonsi / Demonets or DEMONTET.

Eugene Konstantynowicz, as a patient, was treated in Switzerland, there he became acquainted with Marusya, who cared for her uncle Leon Bakst, along with Sophia, Bertha, Paul and Emily. Eugene Konstantynowicz / Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinowitz (1890 - 1977) had two sons, architects - Nikolai and Pyotr Constantinowitz.

Mikolaj Konstantynowicz and Piotr Konstantynowicz; but also is inf. about 3 children of Maria nee Klaczko / Maria Markovna Klyachko and Yevgeny Constantinowitz / Eugene Constantinovich / Eugeniusz Konstantynowicz; all acc. to correspondence of Howard D. Rothschild to Constantinowitz Marie in 1976-1980; Howard Rothschild born 1907 and died 1989 in New York.

ARMAND - the family of millionaires.
Several luxury houses in Moscow - the Old Square, in the Cash Lane on Arbat Street, on the corner Granatny to Spiridonyevka, on Vozdvizhenka. Forests under Pushkino, hunting grounds around Sergiev Posad, land near Ikshi. weaving and dyeing factories. The Armand family was significantly higher in the material and social terms than the Wild family. Wild / Wilde were descended from a teacher from England, who arrived in Russia with the invitation of Count Vorontsov senior. The real name of them was Wilde but in Russia it quickly rechristened to Wild. One of Wilde worked for a time as a manager of Count Vorontsov, who was known to Anglomaniac. One of the descendants of the Wild amassed a sizable fortune, but his successors were less able to commerce too much invested in real estate. Bought the land, but it did not bring quick money. Wilde conducted in the village of Pushkin, where rented a cottage next door to the house of Armand.

Inessa first appeared in Moscow in 1880. Inessa when aged 17 years received a tutor diploma. However, all girls had such a document. The diploma of tutor had Barbara Karlovna nee Demonet / Demonsi and all her daughters, girls from a family of millionaires.

Eugene Louis (Louis Eugene or Evgeni Ivanov Armand) became the first of Armand who strengthened the roots of the family tree in the Russian land. In 1864, having achieved considerable success in the development of the textile industry in Russia, received the prestigious international fairs of several gold medals, he petitioned the Emperor Alexander II on awarding him and
his wife (Maria Frantsova) and sons (Evgenii-Francois; ADOLF OSIP; EMIL Aleksandr Armand) the title of honorary citizens (April 1852).
Published this document, as well as the decree of the king, Armand were Catholics, parishioners of St. Louis church at Malaya Lubyanka in which building, together with other French settlers invested. Eugene Louis was married in this church with a beautiful Polish, Maria Wilhelmina Pashkovskaya. Her father, Franciszek Paszkowski / Francis Paszkowski was a writer and military, during Napoleon's Italian campaign, he served as adjutant to Murat.

The Armand brothers received education in Moscow, in France and Germany, mainly in the textile business and dyeing of fabrics.
Evgenii Armand and his wife Varvara Karlovna (Barbara the daughter of Karl Demonet / Carl de Monet's that is Charles Demonets or DEMONTET from Vaud province / Monnette / Demonsi / Monnet) Demonets also had a very large family.

Anna nee Armand was born on 19 August 1866 in Moscow and in 1869 next child Alexander.

Elizabeth-Ines Fedorovna Stephane fitted in nicely with her new family:
Anna and Alexander Armand were slightly older than she, while Vladimir born in 1875, Evgeniia b. 1876 and Boris born 1878 were somewhat younger.

According to: 'French settlers in Moscow and some of the descendants: Collection', the author-composer V. Egorov, Fedosov, ed. Moscow, 2005, p. 200-210 and Copyright Institution 'Museum of entrepreneurs, philanthropists and benefactors', powered by Vadim Tretyakov:
Evgeny and his wife Barbara Karlovna nee Demonsi had 12 children:
Anna KONSTANTYNOWICZ (1866 - 1932; Lenin was her friend and Inessa Arman and Krupska),
Mary (1868 - 1942),
Alexander (1870 - 1943),
Vera (1871 - 1942),
Nicholas (1872 - 1936),
Vladimir (1874 - 1875),
Eugene Armand (1876 - 1920),
Boris Armand (1878 - 1920),
Sophia (1881 - 1941),
Sergei Armand (1882 - 1945),
Barbara (1882 - 1966),
Vladimir Armand (1885 - 1909).

Vladimir Armand joined a Social Democratic propaganda group in Moscow and was arrested but his sister Anna Evgen'evna helped finance party organizations. They lived in Pushkino, according to JoAnn Ruckman, 'Moscow Business Elite...', edit. 1984, p. 61 and by Egor Nazarenko - a great grandson of one of Evgenii Armand's brothers. They owned house in Moscow, but in summer lived in Finland.

The Eugene family intermarried with the families:
Demonsi-Shnaubert-Mathiesen-Bunkin-Tsitsin,
Konstantynowicz and Manfred,
Kohl - Osipov, Pampel / Papmel - Mazing, Vdovin, Stepanov, Stephen, Wild, Karasev, Fedosov, Egorov, Zhurin, Pichnikovyh -
Shaposhnikov - Zilina or in Zilina in Austrian-Hungary Slovakia {see Pola Negri in LIPNO} ,
Cardo - Sysoev, Fallen, Shapiro, Romas and others.

Demontet / Demonsi / Demonets, Kazan ca 1835 - 1839.

Demonsi Carl, the son of a Frenchman, a native of Moscow, he studied at the Kazan univ. 1837, was prof. at the Kharkov Univ., died in 1867.
Demonsi was in 1864 a Moscow merchant 1st guild and a shareholder of a plants in the Urals.

Barbara Karlovna Armand from the Demonsi family was wife of Evgeny Armand.
Her sons:
1.
Aleksandr E. Armand, 1870 - 1943, the wife Ines Armand Stephane
- his daughters:
Inna,
Varvara,
and sons:
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Armand,
Fiedor Aleksandrovich,
2.
Vladimir E. Armand, 1874 - 1875,
3.
Nikolaj / Nicholas E. Armand and his wife Rene / Maria Feodorovna Stephane Armand, 1872 - 1936,
his son
a.
Pavel Nikolajevich Armand, 1902 - 1964,
his daughter Rene Pavlovna,
b. a daughter Marija Nikolayevna,
4.
Boris E. Armand, 1878 - 1920, 5.
Sergej / Siergiej / Sergey E. Armand, 1882 - 1945,
6. daughters:
Zofia / Sofija, Anna Evgenievna, Viera, Evgenija, Varvara, Maria / Marija.

Disserens and Duflon co-operated with Apolon Konstantynowicz who married Anna Armand of Moscow, and Anna was the granddaughter of Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska, the daughter of General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, the son of Jan Paszkowski b. 1742.

The DUFLON family in 1745 - 1815 was living in Riex of the Vaud province / Vaud canton, Switzerland / Suisse.

CHAMPRENAUD in 1748 also was living in Riex, Switzerland / Suisse.
Riex close to Lavaux in Switzerland.
CHAMPRENAUD in 1822 was living in Villette close to Lutry, too.
CUENOUD in 1774 in Grandvaux close to Lutry and Riex.

Disserens / Diserens / diSerens from Switzerland in Cully in the Vaud province, Lutry and Lousanne.

Marie Elisabeth DUFLON b. 1690 in Riex, District de Lavaux and married in 1714 in the Canton de Vaud. The Duflon surname has ancienne origin: de Fluvio. Surname DEMONTET dit TAVERNEY in 1646 was in Corsier sur Vevey of District de Vevey in Canton de Vaud.

The DEMONTET family was near by DUFLON in 17th century. Barbara or Varvara Demonet or maybe DEMONTET from Vaud province was a daughter of Carl de Monet's that is DEMONTET or Charles Demonets / Monnette or Demonsi.

In 1924 Bakst meet Ida Rubinstein.
Nephew of Leon Bakst that is son of his sister Rose Samuilovna Rosenberg / Samuel Rosenberg was born in Germany (Zakhar L. Manfred worked as a lawyer in St. Petersburg, during the Civil War was a teacher in the Saratov province, then in the Pskov province; Rosa Samuilovna Rosenberg - a translator, sister of the artist Leon Bakst, died in 1918) + Zachary Manfred, was historian Albert Z. Manfred (1906-1976) who born in St Petersburg (acc. to Eugene Konstantynowicz, the son of Apollon Konstantynowicz, Polish, and Anna Konstantynowicz nee Armand
[Anna's son Jerzy Konstantynowicz with the nick-name Marian Konstantynowicz and Marian Stankiewicz, b. 1898 in MIEZONKA or in MOSCOW, was my grandfather with links to Stanislaw Konstantynowicz + Anna Malkiewicz of OSWIEJA, who lived in MIEZONKA. Jerzy Konstantynowicz studied in Mohylew by Dniepr, and in Parnu in Estonia, served Russian Army in Kronstadt in 1916/1917, escaped to Tallinn, then served White Corps in Belarus under General Dowbor-Musnicki, in December 1918 escaped to new Poland to Lapy and Zambrow; ca 21 September 1939 escaped to Lithuania and then served under General Wladyslaw ANDERS, moved home to Buenos Aires and to Mexico City in the 40-50' of the 20th century; in Poland left two sons killed by the Polish intelligence agencies,
and in Mexico one son.
Jerzy Konstantynowicz vel Stankiewicz or Siedlecki had in Poland 3 grandsons and in Poland 5 great-grandchildren or more],
Polish roots - and his children living in Switzerland and Paris, France, that is grandchildren of Anna nee Armand, and great-grandchildren of Varvara Karlovna Demonsi / Demonets or DEMONTET;
this Eugene Konstantynowicz, as a patient, was treated in Switzerland, there he became acquainted with Marusya, who cared for her uncle Leon Bakst, along with Sophia, Bertha, Paul and Emily).
See: the Constantinowitz Museum in Meudon.

Julianna Czerny or Julia Franciszka Szwarcenberg-Czerny (born Paszkowska in 1813), was the daughter of Wojciech Paszkowski b. in 1765/1780 + Ludwika GALESKA / Ludwina Galezka Paszkowski b. in 1783.

Julianna Julia Franciszka Szwarcenberg-Czerny born Paszkowska in 1813, had 2 siblings:
Franciszek Onufry Paszkowski and one other, acc. to Tel-Aviv genealogical research.

Piotr Szwarcenberg-Czerny was the son of Marianna Saczowska, 1773 - 1848 in Siewierz, in the Bedzin County.

Mentioned Franciszek Onufry Paszkowski b. 1790/1805, was the son of Wojciech Paszkowski b. 1765 + Ludwika Galezka b. 1783.

Rozalia Krasnopolska b. ca 1788/1790, m. ca 1820 to named Onufry Paszkowski. Rozalia was the daughter of Michal Krasnopolski b. 1764, d. in 1836 + GOLKOWSKA, b. ca 1775 - d. 1815.
Rozalia had a daughter b. ca 1820.

Named Onufry PASZKOWSKI died bef. 1853, the owner of Suchy Potok. Rozalia d. in 1854 in Horodnica. They had a daughter Helena Paszkowska Dziduszycka b. 1810/1814 in Jablonka + Count Eugeniusz Dzieduszycki b. 1801, the owner of Potoczyska.

Franciszek Onufry Paszkowski b. 1790/1805 + Rozalia Krasnopolska b. ca 1788/1790, had 3 children:
Helena Dzieduszycka nee Paszkowska;
Ludwika Janiszewska nee Paszkowska;
and one more [Feliks Paszkowski b. ca 1830 or bef. 1830 intermarried in ZGIERZ;
NOT Wincenty Paszkowski younger -
but we have also identified in the Russian Empire and signed into the register of the nobility in Vilnius: Dominik Paszkowski, the son of Jan Paszkowski, with Dominik's sons: Wojciech Paszkowski and Wincenty Paszkowski younger, in 1845].

Jadwiga Pawinska (1868-1924, married in 1886, social activist, had a son Tadeusz Pawinski / Thaddeus, philologist); her husband Jozef Pawinski / Pawinski Joseph (1851-1925), a doctor of the Hospital of the Infant Jesus and St. Spirit in Warsaw, the Polish co-founder of cardiology. Jozef Pawinski was born in Zgierz in 1851, the son of JAN PAWINSKI + Amalia Krohn; Jozef Pawinski b. 1851, was the brother [half-brother] of Adolf Pawinski b. 1840 and to TEKLA PAWINSKA m. PASZKOWSKA b. ca 1845, married FELIKS Paszkowski b. ca 1830, not ca 1850 [younger], with the son Kazimierz Paszkowski b. aft. 1880.
Above Jan Pawinski b. bef. 1825, the son of Ignacy Pawinski + Balbina.

Jan Paszkowski younger married also Agnieszka in 1846, with the son
Franciszek Pawinski b. ca 1848, a daughter Antonina Pawinska and 7 other children.

JOZEF PAWINSKI studied in Leczycy and in Warsaw, studied medicine at Imperial Univ. in Warsaw in 1869-1874. He worked then at the clinic of diagnostic under Ignacy Baranowski.
His brother was Adolf Stanislaw Pawinski, b. 1840 in Zgierz, d. 1896 in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Polish historian.

Jozef PASZKOWSKI of Brzezie [b. ca 1765 ?], the son [we need to check] of Jan Paszkowski of the Cracow province [b. 1742], moved to the Great Poland and left son - inf. in 1788 - an owner of landestate close to Sampolno, [compare MADALINSKI, UMINSKI, Bajkowska-Kiedrzynska] in Skotniki.
SKOTNIKI of PASZKOWSKI - 12/13 km north-west to Radziejow.

Franciszek Onufry Paszkowski b. 1790/1805, was the son of Wojciech Paszkowski b. 1765 + Ludwika Galezka b. 1783. Wojciech Paszkowski was the half-brother of General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski, who had the daughter Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska married ca 1841 in Moscow to Armand. Wojciech and Franciszek Paszkowski co-operated with Artur Potocki in Cracow, Templar and Freemason. The Potockic took Berezyna and Lubuszany, 13 km to our MIEZONKA in Belarus. The Konstantynowiczs intermarried Piottuch-Kublicki and Soltan, and they came from Stanislaw Radziwill b. 1722.

Wojciech Paszkowski born in 1780, was supported by the Templar, Artur Potocki. Wojciech was the son of Jan Paszkowski b. 1742.

Wojciech had 2 brothers [or more half-brothers]:
Dominik Paszkowski and General Franciszek Paszkowski - my father family line by the Armands in Moscow have the roots from above General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski who was living ca 1815 - 1820 in the Greater Poland and then in 1821 in Cracow, but in 1817 the General visited the home of died General Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Switzerland.

Wojciech Paszkowski born in 1780, the son of Jan Paszkowski b. 1742 + Petronela Paszkowska born Kulikowska. Petronela was born ca 1755. Wojciech married [ca 1805 ?] the 1st Emilia Paszkowska born Bystrzonowska / Bystrzanowski. Emilia Bystrzanowska was born in Brody [here was born General Franciszek Paszkowski] - Emilia Bystrzonowska / Emilia Bystrzanowski / Emilia Bystrzanowska.

Emilia maybe was the daughter of the TRZEBNIOW owner, Sebastian Bystrzanowski; Emilia's husband was Wojciech Paszkowski who was closest friend to the Krzeszowice owner, Artur Potocki; and Wojciech was also the manager of Trzebniow estate. Sebastian Bystrzanowski inf. in Bystrzanowice in 1783; in Dabrowno in 1783. Dabrowno in the LELOW parish, near NIEGOWA.

Sebastian Bystrzanowski was the Checiny official (1774-1783), he was the owner of Bebelno / BEBELNO KOLONIA, north-east to LELOW and 12 km south to WLOSZCZOWA; the landlord in Cieletniki in 1792, the owner of Sekursko, south to ZYTNO - in 1761 bought from Jozef Bystrzanowski; of Raczkowice and Nowa Wies (in the Kalisz prov.); b. ca 1730, d. 1795.

Cieletniki - 4 km west to SEKURSKO; and close to Zytno. In 1742 - 1761, Cieletniki was owned by Jozef Bystrzanowski; then his nephew [the son of his brother] Sebastian Bystrzanowski.
ZYTNO - north-east to Cieletniki - ca 7 km; Zytno is situated north to LELOW.

SEBASTIAN Bystrzanowski, b. ca 1730, d. 1795, married to Magdalena Soltyk b. ca 1750, the daughter of Maciej Soltyk, 1720-1780 + Salomea Nakwaska, 1728-1778.

Emilia Bystrzanowska Paszkowska born in Brody in Podolia, maybe was the daughter of Count KAJETAN BYSTRZANOWSKI / Kajetan Bystrzonowski, 1730-1807; the Podole (in 1760) top official, MP, Count in 1801, the Busk (1785-1786) official; in Malogoszcz (1786-1795); the Radom (1784) official. The NAKLO close to LELOW, owner.
Sebastian Bystrzanowski and Kajetan Bystrzanowski were the sons of Karol Bystrzonowski + Apolonia Misiowski.
Mentioned EMILIA Bystrzanowska was born ca 1775/1780 in BRODY. Emilia Bystrzanowska married Wojciech Paszkowski b. 1780 - he was the half-brother of General Franciszek Paszkowski who was born in BRODY. Emilia was the sister to Franciszek Ksawery Bystrzanowski b. 1767.

Franciszka Bobrowska, Bystrzanowska, born Mecinska in 1775/1790, the daughter of Adam Albert Wojciech Mecinski + Aniela Mecinska Stadnicka. Franciszka married to Franciszek Ksawery Bystrzanowski in 1809; Franciszek Bystrzanowski was born in 1767.

Franciszka Bobrowska (born Mecinska), 1775/1790-1835, married Joachim Bobrowski, born ca 1787 / 1790. They had a daughter Aleksandra Klara Stadnicka (born Bobrowska). Above Franciszka Aniela Teresa Mecinska b. Oct. 1775 in Zarki. Adam MECINSKI was born in 1740. Franciszka had 10 siblings, among others Anna Magdalena Teresa Stadnicka (born Mecinska), Wojciech Mecinski, and others.