George Washington and Thomas Jefferson closely connected with Bystrzanowski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko after 1776.
For the first time, by Polish, after about 240 years, I give one of the names, a person who accompanied Tadeusz
Kosciuszko to Martynika in the summer of 1776.
We have two sources here by English, including one book from the first half of the 19th century.
The following layout, configuration is created:
Freemasonry and General George Washington / Jerzy Washington - Bystrzanowski Szafraniec or {B. Bystrzanowski / Bronislaw, acc. to me} Bystrzanowski / Br. Bystrzonowski {Br. = Brother ?}, a Polish soldier who came over to America, the US country, Freemason, together with Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Tadheus Kosciusko in the Summer of 1776
- the Bystrzanowski / Soltyk family from Sekursko - Trzebniow - Dabrowno {a line to Konarski and Kell - MI5 - more below !};
closely affiliated with the KIEDRZYNSKI family of KAMYK - Kiedrzyn near Czestochowa and Bleszynski
of Wielgomlyny [in SEKURSKO of Bystrzanowski];
the Paszkowski family:
Jan Paszkowski [Dabrowno with Sebastian Bystrzanowski];
his sons:
1.
Wojciech Paszkowski
[Trzebniow belonged to Sebastian Bystrzanowski, and the estate was managed by Wojciech Paszkowski who was the friend to Artur Potocki - the bearer of the Templar degree of the Freemasonry +
General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski in CRACOW in 1830/1832 + the Templars around General Franciszek
Paszkowski in Cracow after 1840 - the line to Duke Kent in Scotland
- the line to Demonsi of KAZAN; Armand of Moscow {+ Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska Armand
+ Anna Konstantynowicz / Lenin and Inessa Armand / Lenin};
Breguet {+ Kazan, St. Petersburg, Duflon, Venture de Paradise, Maleszewski - Poniatowski, Jozef Sulkowski};
Duflon {+ Drzewiecki + Martynov / Katenin / Orlov Denisov} + Konstantynowicz / Armand in Moscow,
Swolna, Miezonka, Nomme-Tallinn];
2.
and next son General Franciszek Paszkowski + political relationships with General Stanislaw Fiszer + General
Tadeusz Kosciuszko
[Kosciuszko - the friend of Thomas Jefferson - the ILLUMINATI - see Polish conspirators:
Szaniawski,
Horodyski,
Neyman,
Soltyk,
and MALESZEWSKI - 1789 in France and the ILLUMINATI - Breguet and KAZAN].
Tadeusz Kosciuszko, the hero of Poland and the United States, an honorary French citizen, happily saved from the
maritime disaster, stayed in July 1776 at Martinique and moved to America to fight for the independence of the
United States. Tadeusz Kosciuszko set off from France to America in July 1776. At the Martinique coast, the
ship crashed on the reefs, but Kosciuszko and five other Poles survived - they flowed with him as volunteers to
the American army. They spent a month in Martinique because no ships were traveling due to numerous storms.
Unable to wait, they hired a small fishing boat and sailed to Miami [Spanish city].
Information about the catastrophe of the Kosciuszko ship was released only one year later in the 'Nowiny'
newspaper. Kosciuszko was already a colonel of the American army. He was there for eight years, during which
he fought for independence of the United States, he worked as an engineer.
Wanting to go to America, Kosciuszko probably came to a well-known French writer - Pierre Augustian de
Beamarchais, who as a member of the French intelligence could help him on a trip to America. Probably in June
1776, he left the port of Le Havre.
The many dangers that he experienced during the cruise, the 'Nowiny' described on April 16, 1777.
During a voyage to America, a ship carrying Kosciuszko and five others, unknown Poles, turns off course during a
storm and crashes near the island of Martinique.
One of the Poles was Bystrzanowski, maybe born ca 1745/1755.
We will venture to cite one other anecdote as indicative of the character of the american Masonic Lodges.
It is, we believe, a well authenticated fact, that the presiding officer of the Lodge which held its meetings in
that division of the army which was under the immediate command of General Washington, was a common soldier
- an obscure Sergeant for his Worshipful Master, when he was as much the Dictator of his country as Caesar
was of Rome!
St. John's Lodge in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, is the oldest Masonic lodge in New Hampshire;
it was founded either in 1734 or in 1736;
a title also claimed by Solomon's Lodge in Savannah, Georgia, which was founded in 1734.
Soon after, the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire was formed and was finalized on April 8, 1790. Until that time,
St. John's was under the Massachusetts Grand Lodge.
Masonry in America:
1717 - the regulation of Grand Lodge of England.
1720 - the first Charters and Dispensations issued by the Grand Lodge at London.
1733 - Boston:
a Warrant by the Lord Viscount Montage of London.
1779 - General Sulivan in New Hampshire; at Tioga Point, the first Lodge of the Army was opened.
George Washington met the nineteen-year-old Marquis de Lafayette on August 5, 1777;
The Marquis was recruited to serve in the American cause by Silas Deane, who headed an American effort in
Paris to enlist French Army officers in the cause. Instead, Deane believed that Lafayette would be valuable to
the American cause because of his connections to the Court of Louis XVI.
The nineteen-year-old received his Major General's sash on July 31. Five days later, he met George Washington
who travelled to Philadelphia.
While he was commander in chief of the American armies during the Revolutionary War, Washington frequently
attended the meetings of military lodges. He presided over Masonic ceremonies initiating his officers and frequently
attended the Communications of the Brethren (lodge meetings).
It shows U. S. President George Washington presiding over a meeting of the Lodge of the Alexandria, Virginia
Masonic Lodge.
Washington, the presiding officer of a lodge in the Army of the Revolution - it originally belonged to
[Bronislaw ?] Bystrzanowski, a Polish soldier, who came over to this country with Kosciuszko, and served in the
American army under Gen. Washington. Being a Mason, Bystrzanowski was associated with Washington in one
of the army lodges, having authority to confer the mark degree, and over which George Washington presided for
a time as Master.
George Washington joined the Masonic Lodge in Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the age of twenty in 1752. During
the War for Independence, General Washington attended Masonic celebrations and religious observances in
several states. He also supported Masonic lodges that formed within army regiments.
At his first inauguration in 1791, President Washington took his oath of office on a Bible from St. John's Lodge in
New York. During his two terms, he visited Masons in North and South Carolina, and presided over the
ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in 1793. In retirement, Washington became charter Master of the newly
chartered Alexandria Lodge 22; and in death, was buried with Masonic honors.
Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22:
the Grand Lodge of Virginia having been formed, October 13, 1778, the Lodge withdrew from Pennsylvania
obedience and received a Virginia charter dated April 28, 1788 as Alexandria Lodge No. 22. George Washington
(later inaugurated as President of the United States on April 4, 1789) with his personal consent, was named
Worshipful Master in the Virginia charter.
B. Bystrzanowski [= Br. Bystrzanowski], he came to North America during the War of Independence,
he served in the American army; he had a Masons degree - Mark Mason - with the right to give it to others;
it's the military Lodge to which George Washington belonged.
See: ... Free and Accepted Masons 1928 - 1953, New York 1953, p. 38. And L. Hass, Wolnomularze polscy w
losach Zachodu ..., Ars Regia, R. 7/8 (1998/1999), s. 131 - 230.
The Knights Templar - The Order of Mark Master Masons:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was "appointed Provincial Grand Master [the first in 1767] of several provinces [the Provincial Grand Master for Essex in 1776, and in 1786 the Provincial Grand Master for the County of Dorset], promoting Royal Arch masonry, introducing Mark Masonry to England, and instituting a national body for Templar masonry".
The first evidence of Mark Masonry is in 1769, when Dunckerley, at a Royal Arch Chapter, made several brethren Mark Masons and Mark Masters [Br. Bystrzanowski = B. Bystrzanowski = Szafraniec-Bystrzonowski in France in 1776 was MARK MASON, either he was Mark Mason before 1776 in UK or after 1776 in America he was Mark Mason/Mark Master]. "It is possible that Dunckerley created the degree", by Wikipedia.
The earliest records of a Mark degree in England are those of Royal Arch Chapter No 257 at Portsmouth in 1769.
It was introduced by Thomas Dunkerley.
It is clear that the Mark Degrees were worked in CRAFT LODGES and in Royal Arch Chapters up until 1813.
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the English Masonic Knights Templar;
by the Duke of Kent almost a decade later.
"... The Order of Mark Master Masons is an appendant order of Freemasonry that exists in some Masonic jurisdictions, and confers the degrees of Mark Mason and Mark Master".
Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas speculate "that the construction of the Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland (1440 - 1490) provided the interface between the Knights Templar and Freemasonry. According to that analysis, the first degree and Mark Masonry was introduced by William Sinclair, whom they claim was the first Grand Master and founder of Freemasonry ...
The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes
and Malta of England and Wales and Its Provinces Overseas, better known as the Knights Templar, is a Masonic
body founded in its current form in 1895. ...
The specific "Knights Templar" fraternal order connected to Freemasonry originated from Thomas Dunckerley toward the end of the 18th century ...
... In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
he was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and
... to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart.
...
In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland..." - all above by Wikipedia and others webnet sources.
The Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of
£100, rising to £800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother -
the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior,
Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the
thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants
received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed;
and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of
England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning,
obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.
"This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early
Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment
in 1836". "The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then
followed, in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself. Kilwinning Abbey was a home to
the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.
In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy. Alexander
Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in
Edinburgh; the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland
(previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" - it became the Grand
Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the charter was granted in 1811, for the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy
Temple and Sepulcher, and of St. John of Jerusalem.
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand
Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820,
was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria! The Duke of Kent was
appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. His mother - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Martinism "as a mystical tradition, it was first transmitted through a masonic high-degree system established around 1740 in France by Martinez de Pasqually, and later propagated in different forms by his two students Louis Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz". Or Martinism is a specific form of Christian mysticism, an esoteric Christianity; founded 1754 in Paris, by Martinez Paschalis, and
in 1775 by Louis Claude de Saint Martin, near to Illumine [Illuminate] - Jean Willermoz who voted the death of the King of France in 1782.
The Scottish Rectified Rite or Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cite-Sainte was originally a Masonic rite, a reformed variant of the Rite of Strict Observance,
which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens; was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.
The Modern Martinist Order was established with three degrees in Paris.
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792; Scottish Rite; he is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld.
Jonathan Eybeschütz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek.
According to Jacob Katz, Jonathan Eybeschütz's grandson was rumored to be Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld, an apostate Jew who inherited his grandfather's collection of Sabbatean kabbalistic works.
He eventually left the Sabbatean movement and founded a
Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna.
After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.
Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg b. 1721, Wolfenbüttel,
was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758 - 1766) "known for his participation in the Seven Years' War. From 1757 to 1762 he led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany which successfully repelled French attempts to occupy Hanover...".
The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast , with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].
The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too.
Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1800.
A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful. From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785.
Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries; Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years, but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.
It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia is not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.
But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century.
Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.
For Germany, England, France, and Poles and also for Baltic Germans, remained the hardest way - but also the way bringing the greatest benefits - take over the underground structures, when it takes on the momentum and becomes the might; best to immediately take over the head of structure - the supreme authority of underground networks and the supreme command of Russian intelligence.
It had to be, however, protect from the rear - creating from the ground up a modern counterintelligence of the Tsarist Russia,
by the Baltic Germans already infiltrated from Ireland and Scotland.
Objectives were clear - the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and abridgment of Russia to the national core [1917-1922].
The whole plan should have been conducted in Europe now plunged into chaos of war - it is the First World War [1914-1918].
So plan for dismantling of the colonial powers: England and France, ended with a defeat - and the same multi-level underground structure has become a tool of western intelligence services.
In this ensemble, ready to act, entered Polish independence movement of Pilsudski, using additional family connections with the Baltic Germans, Irish and Scots. This was the largest triumph of Poles in the period 1618-2015 [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland].
Pilsudski never could let - during his life - destroyed of this work [1926], as his successor Marshal Rydz Smigly [1939-1941].
Greatest defeat suffered Poles in the years 1937-1945, and to this day is difficult for them to get up.
Of course, already other countries took a leading role in this
web network in the 20th century; only suggests - USA, Great Britain, Russia and Israel ...
Russia was the only country interested in depriving of England colonies in North America (1776), and in broken down of France from the core (1789);
Russia, which began the race for colonies in the Central and North Asia (the way to India and China), and America (the 18th cent. - Alaska, Oregon, California);
Russia in the second half of the 18th century began conquer of the Central Europe, including the destruction of Poland (1795) and Turkey.
Secret societies were the Russian (Freemasonry, Illuminati, Templars) best tools in infiltrating opposition against the monarchs of England and France (and against the Catholic Church).
The Masonic conspiracy theories said the
"...Freemasonry overlaps with, or is controlled by, the Illuminati, especially in the higher degrees; Illuminati Freemasons secretly control many major aspects of society and government and are working to establish the New World Order. Some conspiracy theories involving the Freemasons and the Illuminati also include the Knights Templar and Jews as part of the supposed plan for universal control of society. This type of conspiracy theory was described as early as 1792 ... the Masons are either intimately connected to or (conversely) in conflict with the Illuminati regarding a plot to control several countries."
"The first President of the United States, George Washington believed that the Illuminati intended to separate the people from their government in his letters in the Library of Congress. The original manuscript is on the Library of Congress website...", acc. to Greg Scott:
"Mount Vernon, October 24, 1798. Revd Sir: I ... It was not my intention to doubt that, the Doctrines of the Illuminati, and principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more truly satisfied of this fact than I am. The idea that I meant to convey, was, that I did not believe that the Lodges of Free Masons in this Country had, as Societies, endeavoured to propagate the diabolical tenets of the first, or pernicious principles of the latter (if they are susceptible of seperation). That Individuals of them may have done it, or that the founder, or instrument employed to found, the Democratic Societies in the United States, may have had these objects; and actually had a seperation of the People from their Government in view, is too evident to be questioned".
Greg Scott:
"Essentially what he is saying is that he does not doubt that the doctrines of the Bavarian Illuminati, as created by Adam Weishaupt in 1776, (which was used to infiltrate Freemasonry) had spread in the United States in fact he says, 'On the contrary, no one is more truly satisfied of this fact than I am'...".
Matthew Dorry:
"This is a nonsense interpretation of the letter. George Washington's words, 'It was NOT my intention to doubt that, the Doctrines of the Illuminati, and principles of Jacobinism had NOT spread in the United States', were a double-negative, and express that he was dubious of the spread of the Illuminati and the Jacobins. And when he says, 'On the contrary, no one is more truly satisfied of this fact than I am', he's affirming that he's glad that the Illuminati and Jacobin ideals hadn't spread. This is directly confirmed by the very next paragraph that YOU quote, in which G. W. refers to the Doctrines of the Illuminati as 'diabolical tenets', and Jacobinism as having 'pernicious principles'. On the whole, he's expressing that although it cannot be doubted that certain individuals had entered Freemasonry lodges with the intent of spreading those principles, he didn't think that whole lodges in America were spreading them. He's making a very clear distinction between the Bavarian Illuminati and Jacobins, and American Freemasonry. So much for people reading these things only once and misunderstanding the language of the letter."
Above text under copyright by http://consciouslifenews.com/.
Thomas Jefferson on the Illuminati - a letter on January 31, 1800:
"I have lately by accident got a sight of a single volume ... of the Abbe Barruel's Antisocial conspiracy, which gives me the first idea I have ever had of what is meant by the Illuminatism against which 'illuminate Morse' as he is now called, and his ecclesiastical and monarchical associates have been making such a hue and cry. Barruel's own parts of the book are perfectly the ravings of a Bedlamite. But he quotes largely from Wishaupt whom he considers as the founder of what he calls the order. As you may not have had an opportunity of forming a judgment of this cry of 'mad dog' which has been raised against his doctrines, I will give you the idea I have formed from only an hour's reading of Barruel's quotations from him, which you may be sure are not the most favorable. Wishaupt seems to be an enthusiastic Philanthropist. ... As Wishaupt lived under the tyranny of a despot and priests, he knew that caution was necessary even in spreading information, and the principles of pure morality. He proposed therefore to lead the Free masons to adopt this object and to make the objects of their institution the diffusion of science and virtue. He proposed to initiate new members into his body by gradations proportioned to his fears of the thunderbolts of tyranny. This has given an air of mystery to his views, was the foundation of his banishment, the subversion of the masonic order, and is the colour for the ravings against him of Robinson, Barruel and Morse, whose real fears are that the craft would be endangered by the spreading of information, reason, and natural morality among men. This subject being new to me, I have imagined that if it be so to you also, you may receive the same satisfaction in seeing, which I have had in forming the analysis of it: and
I believe you will think with me that if Wishaupt had written here, where no secrecy is necessary in our endeavors to render men wise and virtuous, he would not have thought of any secret machinery for that purpose."
It was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British, French and Germans, and by the Polish independence conspiracy:
Lenin and Inessa Armand, Duflon, nobility from Scotland, Italy, Ireland, France, Switzerland, the German noble families in Estonia.
On October 15, 1817 Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Thaddeus Kosciusko died. But a underground movement led by Jozef Pilsudski had in that case great deals to take in hands, behind the scenes, all revolutionary Lenin movement of the Bolsheviks, between about 1909 - 1917, and even longer to 1920, when Inessa Armand perhaps was poisoned, and even to the year 1921, when it was still marked a influences of Bruevich brothers of noble Boncza arms.
Inessa Armand controlled all Bolshevik work as a lover and the secretary of Lenin and she has influence on the directions of philosophical - political considerations, which diverged from reality, and their possible introduction in the life would be - if not as an experiment - even doom for the Russian Empire.
The purpose of Jozef Pilsudski was not only gathering information about enemy - Russia, and not only the smuggling of weapons for his organization (Petersburg - Miezonka - Lodz - Cracow), but primarily for Pilsudski was the goal to Lenin seized power and overthrew the Tsarist authorities.
This was to allow the recovery of independence by Poland [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland].
Stalin was here the enemy, because he wanted to rebuild the Russian empire, just as the Soviet Russia - a communist state.
Lenin wanted a European communism, the total fiction and the absurd. Pilsudski had to put Lenin at the head of the new Russia, and at least Pilsudski conducive to this Lenin's communist movement did not collapsed. Wrangel, Denikin, Kolchak were number one enemies.
This military - political intelligence network has a different appearance depending on, which side you watch from.
It's like the external universe, which expands.
It has a chaotic structure, but only to the viewers.
For top executives of the network, it is extremely bright and clear. It works like clockwork.
Time passes, and this network is expanding, as the universe, at that time some stars turning pale, faded and disappeared.
The underground structure has clearly defined objectives at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries:
1. call up the chaos in Europe;
2. to bring the continental war;
3. overthrow of the Romanovs in Russia;
4. lead to anarchy in Russia;
5. starting the war between the invaders, who take away the Polish independence [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland];
6. pulling the western countries into the war, and in due time also America.
The network in the 18th to 21st cent.
Overarching objectives are at the beginning of the 20th cent.:
1. Polish independence [11 November 1918 - Independence of Poland],
2. The independence of the Baltic States;
3. The creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Tools to achieve these goals are:
1. The money from the Scottish, Jewish and American banks;
revenue from the Mediterranean trade - Marseille, Greece, Naples, Crimea;
and plantations in Ceylon and from the Asian trade - Ceylon, India, Japan;
2. the use of secret non-goverment organisations (NGOs) in Europe and America;
3. The creation of favorable underground structures inside the intelligence networks of Western Europe and American countries.
Below we have the details of the movements of underground in Europe in the period 1740-1790, which also reached North America.
Robert Welch in 1956 used some of his money to fund various extreme right-wing causes. This included supporting the work of Joseph McCarthy and
in 1958 he established the John Birch Society (JBS). In 1956 Welch wrote that top government officials such as John Foster Dulles and Allan W. Dulles were "communist tools".
Welch made it clear he wanted a "secret, monolithic organization" that would "operate under completely autoritative control at all levels". British historian John Simkin adds important detail to the story of Ben Bradlee and CIA Counterintelligence Chief James Angleton after the assassination of President Kennedy.
At http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/ we read:
Dan Smoot, the author of The Invisible Government, wrote: "Somewhere at the top of the pyramid in the invisible government are a few sinister people who know exactly
what they are doing: they want America to become part of a worldwide socialist dictatorship, under the control of the Kremlin".
Another important supporter of the JBS was William F. Buckley. In April 1961 Major General Edwin Walker, commander of the 24th Infantry Division in Europe and stationed in Augsburg, Germany was accused of indoctrinating his troops with right-wing literature from the John Birch Society.
On 10th April, 1963, Edwin Walker was victim of an assassination attempt while he sat at a desk in his Dallas home. It was later claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald had taken the shot at Walker. Marina Oswald reported that she "asked him what happened, and he said that he just tried to shoot General Walker...".
Haley also suggested that Johnson might have been responsible for the death of John F. Kennedy. Robert W. Welch died on 6th January, 1965 and Lawrence P. McDonald replaced him as chairman of the John Birch Society. "...Interestingly, McDonald was on board the Korean Air Flight KAL-007 when it was shot down by Soviet fighters on 1st September, 1983. He therefore became the first and only congressman ever killed by the Soviets during the Cold War. Some people, including Jesse Helms and Jerry Falwell, believe that McDonald was targeted by the Soviets".
The Illuminati was first seen in the 15th century by occultists proclaiming to have wisdom from a higher source. The secret society became strong in 18th century Germany. It adopted many different grades of Freemasonry. Conspiracies were spun about the forces of order, bureaucracy, and repression. People soon realized that espionage was their main focus, then the French Revolution arrived and changed the country.
The only people who mention the Illuminati anymore is the John Birch Society.
Read more: http://www.meta-religion.com/Secret_societies/
The John Birch Society (JBS) is a conservative advocacy group supporting anti-communism;
Robert W. Welch, Jr. (1899 - 1985) developed an organizational infrastructure in 1958 of chapters nationwide. Presidents:
Robert W. Welch, Jr. (1958 - 1983), Larry McDonald (1983), a U.S. Representative who was killed in the KAL-007 shootdown incident; Robert W. Welch, Jr. (1983 - 1985).
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (also known as KAL007 and KE007) was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage. On September 1, 1983, the airliner serving the flight was shot down by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor, near Moneron Island west of Sakhalin in the Sea of Japan.
All were killed, including Larry McDonald, a Representative from Georgia in the United States House of Representatives.
Arthur R. "Art" Thompson (born 1938 in Seattle) is the CEO of the John Birch Society, and took office in 2005. Thompson believes that Russian communism remains a serious threat to the USA, and is responsible for much global terrorism; Art resides in Appleton, Wisconsin.
The years 1740 - 1790, it's the beginning of the secret Masonic organizations in Germany, Ireland, France and Scotland, as well as in Russia, Poland, Austria.
Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (1730 - 1824) was a "French Freemason and Martinist who played an important role in the establishment of various systems of Masonic high-degrees in his time in both France and Germany". In Lyon he became Grand Master in 1761, also organized "Sovereign Chapter of Knights of the Black Eagle Rose-Cross",
was admitted to first grade in the Order of the Elus Cohens at Versailles in 1767 by Martinez de Pasqually;
in the 1770s, he came into contact with Baron von Hund and the German Order of the Order of Strict Observance which he joined in 1773;
Willermoz introduced also at the Convention of Lyon the Regime Ecossais Rectifie (Rectified Scottish Rite), which combined Templar Freemasonry with the religious ceremonial of the Elect Coens; he defended the place of Martinist currents in the rite;
"... he resumed his Masonic activities with a resurgence of the CBCS [the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City; in Lyon in 1778, constituted the Beneficent Knights of the Holy City] in 1804, and dedicated himself to this end until his death ... 1824".
The Rectified Scottish Rite, "also known as Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City is a Christian Masonic rite founded in Lyon (France) in 1778".
It is derived from the Rite of Strict Observance erected in 1754, the foundation of which was attributed to Baron von Hund; it propounded a theory that freemasonry was developed directly from the Crusading Templars; the Rite was mainly elaborated by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, including some items coming from the Elect Cohen Order and denying the Templar legacy.
The Elect Cohens, or the Ordre des Chevelier Macons Elus Cohen de L'Univers / Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe / The Martinist Order of the Elect-Cohens, which issued from the Traditional Martinist Order i.e. of the Elus Cohen of Martinez de Pasqually, and of the Order of the Rose-Croix of the Orient;
the Elect Cohens, were a society of Cabbalists, organised on 'Scottish' Masonic lines, who were influenced by the Spanish Alumbrados / Sufi;
"...they were the first group to be called the Illumines, or Illuminati, though their relatively conservative views were diametrically opposite to the Bavarian Illuminati ...
founded in 1765 by the Freemason Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually, of Grenoble, France, the Order was initially only open to Master Masons, but later became more open".
"The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism. Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced. This was about 1725. However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752. ... The Hospitallers, known officially as Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, was founded at Jerusalem during the first Crusade. ... Some of the Knights went to Russia and elected the Emperor Paul I Grand Master ...
In England the Order was never formally suppressed, and in 1888 Queen Victoria granted it a charter. In 1889 King Edward VII, then Prince of Wales was made Grand Prior.
... The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, or, as it is otherwise called, Knights Templar, was founded in Palestine in the 12th century by the Crusaders.
... The Rite of the Strict Observance is based on Templar Masonry. Its founders claimed that all Templars were Masons ...
The truth is that all Templar Masonry is descended from a Kadosh degree invented in Lyons, France, in 1743.
... Nevertheless, about 1740, various Rites, or degrees, of Scots Masonry, did spring into existence, followed shortly afterwards by Scots Mother-Lodges controlling systems of subordinate Scots Lodges. ... In 1743 the Masons of Lyons invented the Kadosh degree, comprising the vengeance of the Templars, and thus laid the foundation for all the Templar Rites. It was at first called Junior Elect
...
The Rite of Strict Observance was carried from France to Germany as early as 1749. Von Bieberstein, as Provincial Grand Master, was succeeded at his death, about 1750, by Karl Gotheif, Baron Von Hund, and Alten-Grotkau. He was made a Mason in 1742. A year or so afterwards he met at Paris Lord, Kilmarnock, who interested him in Templarism, and he was initiated into the Order of the Temple. He was given a patent and directed to report to the Prov. Grand Master, Von Bieberstein, of the 7th Province in Germany.
...
We can trace its beginnings back to Lord Kilmarnock, Grand Master of Scotland, in 1742 - 43. Kilmarnock in Scotland was made a barony ...
In 1751 Von Hund began to give particular attention to the restoration of the Order of the Temple and evidently considered it his life work.
... In 1763 a fellow named Leucht, going under the name of Johnson, who had got hold of some Masonic papers relating to Masonry proper, as well as the high degrees, appeared at Jena where there was a Clermont Chapter practicing the Templar degrees in the Strict Observance system, and stated that he had a commission from the Sovereign Chapter in Scotland to reform the German Lodges and impart the true secrets of Masonry ...
An Order called the Clerics turned up and it was supposed for a time that the lost secrets were with it.
... This convention took place at Brunswick and was in session from May 23 to July 6, 1775. ...
Baron Von Gugumos was at the Brunswick convention and told different members of it that they were all on the wrong track; that the Strict Observance was an imitation, or rather, only a branch of the true Order, and possessed none of the real secrets; ...
The Convention of Wiesbaden ... on Aug. 15, 1776, with the consent the Prince of Nassau-Usingen, but without that of the Duke of Brunswick. Among those present was the sovereign, the Duke of Nassau; also the Duke of Gotha, the Landgraves Ludwig and George, and many other nobles of lesser note. At one time there was not less than twelve reigning sovereign Princes of Germany members of the Rite of the Strict Observance ... Baron Von Hund died on Oct. 28, 1776 ... In 1782 the Rite of Strict Observance was reorganized by Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, who was elected Grand Master General. The next year, however, the Lodge of the Three Globes of Berlin, with all of its subordinate lodges and the Hamburg Lodges, withdrew from the Strict Observance ...",
acc. to http://blog.templarhistory.com/ by Burton E. Bennett [born 1863 in North Brookfield, New York;
1887, United States, Attorney for Alaska].
Br. Bystrzanowski, Thomas Dunckerley and Ebenezer Sibly - Illuminati and the Templars in UK, France
and America - Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Hamilton:
Thomas Dunckerley, acted in the Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, held at the Castle-Inn, Marlborough
(1769) - at half way from Bristol to Reading.
William Wonnacott suggests Sibly may have first become acquainted with his future masonic patron Thomas
Dunckerley (1720 - 1795) in Portsmouth.
Thomas Dunckerley known in 1766 and 1767 Chesterfield; also he known Sir Edward Walpole -
early in the construction on his new identity - to support Dunckerley's attempt to be recognized as GEORGE
II's son.
Ebenezer Sibly was deeply involved in occult, but his brother Manoah SIBLY was the member of the
Swedenborgian Theosophical Society; and was living in London like Swedenborgian minister.
Manoah SIBLY thus provided a tangible connection between Ebenezer SIBLY / Ebenezer Sibley, and the
Swedenborgian enthusiasts Philippe de LOUTHERBOURG, Peter Lambert de LINTOT and Charles
RAINSFORD - and in ca 1776 to CAGLIOSTRO.
Above acc. to Susan Mitchell Sommers.
"... Likewise, we have given up presenting even less well-known but not uninteresting Masonic Brothers like
Peter Lambert of Lintot, Ebenezer Sibley or Charles Rainsford because of a somewhat marginal aspect of their
activity ('fringe masonry')...".
Thomas Dunckerley, a natural son of George II, was initiated into Masonry, in January 1754.
Acc. to 'HISTORY OF THE GRAND LODGE OF ENGLAND - 1723-60':
"... The first meeting of this Lodge, of which a record is preserved, took place, December 28, 1732. Present, the
Master and Wardens, and seven 'members'.
No other titles are used. Among the 'members' were George Rainsford and Johnson Robinson, the former of
whom is described as Master, and the latter as Pass'd Master, in the minutes of May 18, 1733. It is
possible, to put it no higher, that these distinctive terms were employed because some of the members had
graduated under the Grand Lodge system, whilst others had been admitted or passed to their degrees,
according to the more homely usage which preceded it. The degree seems, however, to have become fairly well
established by 1738, as the Constitutions of that year inform us that there were then eleven Masters' Lodges in the
metropolis".
"... It is not clear where or how Cagliostro and Sibly crossed paths, but they did, and one result was that
Ebenezer Sibly paid 300 guineas to copy the manuscript, called the Rotalo, which Cagliostro claimed to have used
to hit the jackpot in the 1776 British lottery".
RAINSFORD, CHARLES (1728 - 1809), general, born at West Ham, was the only son of Francis Rainsford (d.
1770), by his wife Isabella, daughter of William Bale of Foston, Derbyshire. He was educated at Great Clacton,
Essex, by a clerical friend of his father.
Acc. to P. Ashley, History of the Royal Cumberland Lodge, No. 41, 1873:
"...The distinction here drawn between the two sets of Masters, it is by no means easy to explain, but it appears
to point to an epoch of confusion, when the old names had not yet been succeeded by the new, at least in the
country Lodges. The first meeting of this Lodge, of which a record is preserved, took place, ... 1732 ...
Present, the Master and Wardens and seven members. No other titles are used. Among the members were George
Rainsford and Johnson Robinson, the former of whom is described as Master, the latter as Pass'd Master, in the
Minutes of May 18, 1733. ...
(Hughan, Origin of the English Rite, p. 25).
The Degree seems, however, to have become fairly well established by 1738, as the Constitutions
of that year inform us that there were then eleven Masters' Lodges in the metropolis. One of these is described by
Anderson as, "Black Posts in Maiden Lane, where there is also a Masters' Lodge." This was No. 163 on the
General List, constituted Sept. 21, 1737. ...".
"... In November 1786 Admiral Sir Peter Parker was appointed to the office of Deputy Grand Master, which had
become vacant by the death of Rowland Holt. ...
and it was resolved unanimously that the Rank of a Past Senior Grand Warden (with the Right of taking Place
immediately next to the present Senior Grand Warden) be granted to Thomas Dunckerley, Esq., Provincial Grand
Master for Dorset, Essex, Gloucester, Somerset and Southampton, with the City and County of Bristol and the Isle
of Wight, in grateful Testimony of the high Sense the Grand Lodge entertains of his zealous and indefatigable
Exertions, for many years, to promote the Honour and Interest of the Society.
The story of Dunckerley's life is not an easy one to relate. According to one set of biographers, his
mother was the daughter of a physician (Freemasons' Magazine, vol. i, 1793, p. 378, vol. iv, 1796, p. 96) ...
and, according to another,
she was a servant girl in the family of Sir Robert Walpole (Gentleman's Magazine, 1795 ...). By the
former he is said to have been a natural son of King George II; whilst by the latter he is alleged to have availed
himself of the remarkable likeness he bore to the Royal Family, to get it represented to George III that the previous
king was in truth his father. These accounts of his parentage are irreconcilable and some other difficulties present
themselves when the two biographies are collated. Certain facts, however, are free from dispute. Born October
23, 1724, he was apprenticed to a barber...
His mother's apartments at Somerset House ...
On May 7, 1767, a pension of £100 a year was assigned to him by the king ...
Dunckerley was told of his close relation to George II in 1760, by a Mrs. Pinkney, for many years his mother's
neighbour in Somerset House, to whom the secret had been confided by the latter. He was then on leave of
absence from H.M.S. Vanguard, which had just arrived from Quebec ...
sailed for the Mediterranean. According to his own account, he was appointed gunner of the Vanguard by
Admiral Boscawen and to the same position in the Prince by Lord Anson. The dates he gives as to these
appointments are a little confusing ...
and it is almost certain that some others of the latter character had accompanied the expedition under General
Wolfe (1759).
Dunckerley, whilst on the North American station, indeed throughout the whole period of his service
afloat - after his admission into the Craft - was doubtless an occasional visitor at Army Lodges. Most of these
were under the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which issued no fewer than fifty-one military warrants ...
and 1762 inclusive.
The profound knowledge, therefore, of Royal Arch Masonry, which has been traditionally ascribed
to Thomas Dunckerley, may have been acquired in Irish Lodges ...
He was initiated into Masonry in January 1754 ...
On April 18, 1792, the Lodges were again ordered to be renumbered and, in the following May, at the Grand
Feast, the Prince of Wales was installed Grand Master in the presence of the Duke of York, Lord Rawdon and a
numerous company of Brethren.
...
The Jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Ireland was invaded by Mother Kilwinning in 1779, whose Grand
Master, the Earl of Eglinton, granted a Warrant in that year to 'the High Knights' Templars of Ireland, Kilwinning
Lodge', Dublin.
The members of this Scottish Lodge fully considered that they were justified in working the Knight
Templar Degree by virtue of their Charter and actually did so as early as December 27, 1779.
Other Degrees were also wrought by the same body, such as the Royal Arch in 1781 and the Prince
Rose Croix in 1782, whilst the Chair, the Excellent and the Super Excellent Degrees came in for a share of their
attention.
From this Lodge arose the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland, which chartered over fifty Encampments -
some having been for Scotland and England - whilst the present Kilwinning Preceptory, Dublin, is an offshoot of
the year 1780.
When the rights of this Knight Templar Organization were disputed or questioned, their Sublime
Commander (John Fowler) maintained that their Warrant was 'holden from the Royal Mother Lodge of
Kilwinning of Scotland, the true source from which any legal authority could be obtained' and it was declared
that 'the documents to support this statement are in the archives of the Chapter, ready for the inspection of such
Knights Templar as choose to examine them'.
...
The erection of this daughter Lodge encouraged, however, the belief
in Kilwinning, being a centre of the Higher Degrees.
In 1813 application was made to the Mother Lodge to authorize the transfer of a Black Warrant
from Knights of the Temple and of Malta, in the Westmeath Militia, to Brethren in the same Degree serving in the
Shropshire Militia.
...
Scotch Lodges owed their acquaintance with Knight Templarism. This order, then known as Black Masonry,
was propagated, to a large extent, through Charters issued by the High Knights Templar of Ireland, Kilwinning
Lodge - a body of Freemasons in Dublin, who were constituted by Mother Kilwinning in 1779, for the practice
of the Craft Degrees.
...
In 1834 scarcely eight Lodges met in Dublin. There was a great deal of Masonic enthusiasm in Ireland during
the closing years of the eighteenth century. ...".
No Englishman or Scot was a member of the Illuminati, although General Rainsford was affiliated with them.
"... General Charles Rainsford was a remarkable man in many ways. A professional soldier, diplomat, politician
and inveterate traveller, he was also a well-connected man of the enlightenment interested in many aspects of
science. Fortunately Rainsford left behind a huge archive ...".
General Charles Rainsford (1728 - 1809) was a British Army officer. His uncle, also Charles Rainsford (died
1778), was deputy lieutenant of the Tower of London and used his influence to get him made second cornet in
General Bland's 3rd dragoons in March 1744 ...
With his new unit he returned to England to face the Jacobite rising, rising to major of brigade and colonel's
aide-de-camp. He then served as private secretary to Tyrawley, governor of Gibraltar (1756 - 1757) before
returning to England again in 1760.
The following year he was given a company to command under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in
Germany
{"... An even greater coup came from Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, and freemasonry's Grand
Master of the Order of Strict Observance, who had joined the Illuminati after he had convened the most important
Congress of the 18th Century. He was to realise his mistake over ten years later in that he had unwittingly
unleashed a pathogen within the ranks of freemasonry. In 1794 he expressed his shock and sadness at being duped
by instigators of the French Revolution and the need to 'cut out to the roots the abuse and error' which he had
allowed to infect the Order. ... In 1789 the journalist and essayist Marquis Jean-Pierre de Luchet published his
Essai sur la secte des Illuminés, denouncing the leaders of the Bavarian Illuminati, their control of freemasonry in
Europe and in particular his native home of France. ..." (copyright by M. K. Styllinski)}.
He was also elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1779. He was also a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of
London, a Rosicrucian, a freemason and a dabbler in alchemy.
In summer 1783 Rainsford and William Bousie, an Anglo-French merchant, began corresponding with the
Parisian lodge of the Philalethes, preparatory to the Philalethes convention in Paris in April 1785 to review the rites
of many para-Masonic and esoteric societies.
Rainsford provided information on Emanuel Swedenborg, Baal Shem of London and the Kabbalistic
symbolism of higher degrees. He was then sent to be Robert Boyd's second-in-command at Gibraltar ...
Benedict Chastanier (1739 - ca 1816)
"was a French surgeon. In 1767 he founded a lodge of Illumines Theosophes, based on the
anonymous writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.
In 1774 he migrated to England. In 1775 Chastanier and the Marquis de Thorn joined the
Philalethes, a Masonic society founded by Savalette de Langes in Paris. In 1776 he founded Universal Society in
London to disseminate Swedenborg's writing.
In 1782 Chastanier and Charles Rainsford reached out to kindred Illuminist groups in Berlin and
Paris by publishing a brochure in French about degrees of the Universal Society.
Chastanier was in contact with the Illumines of Avignon".
William Wonnacott suggests Sibly may have first become acquainted with his future masonic patron Thomas
Dunckerley in Portsmouth.
Ebenezer Sibly (1751 - ca 1799) was an English physician, astrologer and writer on the occult. He was the son
of a mechanic, born in Bristol, and brother of Manoah Sibly. He studied surgery in London.
In 1794 he was living in Portsmouth, and became a Freemason there. In 1785 he was working as an astrologer in
Bristol [see CASTLE-INN];
and by about 1788 had moved to London. In 1790 he was temporarily in Ipswich, supporting at the
general election Sir John Hadley D'Oyly, the Whig member.
1792 he graduated at King's College, Aberdeen. ...
he became interested in the theories on animal magnetism of Anton Mesmer ...
It has been said that experts of the time would have seen that Sibly was not very discriminating about the sources
he chose, and drew on unpublished translations that he had borrowed.
He knew the Book of Enoch via Charles Rainsford.
Emanuel Swedenborg born Emanuel Swedberg in 1688, was a Swedish Lutheran theologian, scientist,
philosopher, and mystic who inspired Swedenborgianism.
General Rainsford was affiliated with the Illuminati through the lodge of Amis Reunis at Paris, which
corresponded with the Bavarian Masons.
Whether the Illuminati affair had a role in the history of the Order of Knights Templar in England is
difficult to determine,
but by 1791 the latter had decided to end their quasi-separate status and put themselves under the
direction of a leading figure within the Grand Lodge. This was Thomas Dunckerley, the provincial grand Master.
Records of the Mark Degree date back to 1st September 1769 when the Provincial Grand Master Thomas
Dunckerley made six Brethren of The Royal Arch Chapter of Friendship (originally No. 3 now No. 257) Mark
Masons.
They were taught how to make their marks and were then made "Mark Masons and Mark Masters".
The Masonic Province of Hampshire came into being on February 28th 1767 with the appointment of
Thomas Dunckerley.
The idea of holding an annual Provincial Grand Lodge seems to have been introduced by Thomas Dunckerley,
who between 1767 and his death in 1795 was Provincial Grand Master for eight Provinces. He took his duties
seriously, regularly visiting his charges to hold Provincial Grand Lodge meetings.
The Chapter of Friendship continued to work the Mark Degree until 1855. Mark Grand Lodge was formed
in June 1856.
Although Crusader themes in Freemasonry were earlier initiated by the Jacobite, Andrew Michael Ramsay and
continue to have some legacy in Scottish Rite freemasonry, the specific "Knights Templar" fraternal order
connected to Freemasonry was originated from Thomas Dunckerley toward the end of the 18th century.
Bystrzonowski in France in 1776 was Mark Mason - with the right to give it to others. Br. Bystrzanowski was
the friend of Tadeusz Kosciuszko [1776 - they sailed on the same ship to Martinique] and George Washington
[Bystrzanowski / Bystrzonowski was a master of the Masonic Lodge, of which Washington was simple Brother].
Thomas Jefferson and Tadeusz Kosciuszko [see: General Fiszer and General Franciszek Paszkowski]
were very close political collaborators.
Jefferson was sent by the Congress of the Confederation to join Benjamin Franklin and John Adams as ministers
in Europe for negotiation of trade agreements with England, Spain, and France. During his five years in Paris
Jefferson played a leading role in shaping the foreign policy of the United States.
He departed in July 1784, arriving in Paris the next month.
While in France, Jefferson became a regular companion of the Marquis de Lafayette, and Jefferson allowed his
Paris residence, the Hotel de Langeac, to be used for meetings by Lafayette and other republicans. He was in Paris
during the storming of the Bastille and consulted with Lafayette while the latter drafted the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Jefferson left Paris for America in September 1789, intending to return soon; however, President
George Washington appointed him the country's first Secretary of State.
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette,
military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
A close friend of George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson, Lafayette was a
key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Lafayette returned to France, and
in 1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables, which was convened in response to the fiscal
crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789.
He helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, with Thomas Jefferson's assistance;
inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence.
Lafayette left Boston for France on 18 December 1781.
On 11 July 1789, Lafayette presented a draft of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" to the
Assembly, written by himself in consultation with Jefferson. Camille Desmoulins led an armed mob. The king
had the royal army under the duc de Broglie surround Paris. On 14 July, the fortress known as the Bastille was
stormed by the mob. On 15 July, Lafayette was acclaimed commander-in-chief of the National Guard of France,
an armed force established to maintain order, and under the control of the Assembly.
On 19 October 1824, he was at Yorktown for the anniversary of Cornwallis's surrender, then journeyed to
Monticello to meet with his old friend Jefferson - and Jefferson's successor, James Madison.
Lafayette had dined with the other living former president, 89-year-old John Adams.
One historiographical perspective suggests that the marquis was disposed to hate the British for killing his father.
Another notes that the marquis had recently become a Freemason, and talk of the rebellion "fired his chivalric -
and now Masonic - imagination with descriptions of Americans as 'people fighting for liberty'."
Benjamin Franklin -
when Franklin went to France as America's first ambassador, there were two superpowers in Europe: England and
France.
Franklin arrived in Paris in December, 1776.
"Benjamin Franklin contributed to the Mikveh Israel Jewish congregation in Philadelphia. But Franklin did not
practice Judaism. He did practice the occult, and things that would be weird to Christians. He became
the head of the very occultic Grand Orient Freemasons when he was in France".
"... The possible connection between the American founding fathers, the Rothschild family and the Illuminati
would be incomplete without taking into account a key figure: